Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Sociologie urbaine – Études comparatives'
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Le, Minor Loïc. "Image des villes : de l'image officielle aux perceptions habitantes : étude comparée de Poitiers et de la Rochelle." Poitiers, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005POIT5015.
Full textStarting up a comparative study on about thirty years between Poitiers et La Rochelle, we tried to evaluate the similarity between the official image spread by the town councils and the perceptions of the inhabitants. First, we brought to light the different ways of building a brand image by the producers of space. It seems that the singularity of each town comes less from the set of themes than from the way they are treated and communicated. Secondly, we approached the representations of the inhabitants to perceive their closeness to the institutional discourse. The image of these towns are revealed as relatively stable in the present and shared both by councillors and citizens
Bonnet, François. "La production organisée de l'ordre : contrôler des gares et des centres commerciaux à Lyon et à Milan." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006IEPP0034.
Full textThis work addresses the issues of security, social control and focuses on the problem of the production of order in urban spaces sucha as railway stations and shopping centers. Which actors follow which security policies towards which social groups and why ? The answer is based on fieldwork carried out in four sites : two railway stations and two shopping centers in Lyon and Milan. The thesis is therefore organized around three problems. The first problem is that of the actors of the production of order and and the stakes which animate the definition of the security policies and they implement. The second problem is that of the power relationships on each space. The third problem is that of the relationship between the production of order and immigration. In Lyon and Milan, in both shopping centers and both railway stations, the population considered as threatening by the police and commercial stakeholders are invariably the immigrants in Italy and the children of immigrants in France
Ferreira, Da Silva Alzilène. "O papel do centro histórico na cidade : um estudo comparitivo entre João Pessoa e Tours." Thesis, Tours, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUR2003.
Full textA comparative study between the historic places of cities of Joao Pessoa, Brazil, and Tours, France was conducted. Our aim was to understand how these historic places are perceived by people, especially by the inhabitants. The study also aims to understand the value that the people will attribute to old buildings after his rehabilitation, related to the enhancement of cultural heritage, which functions as lifting axis of urban policies. An ethnographic analyses shows that both realities reveal not only differences but also similarities
É conspícuo, na cena contemporânea, que o patrimônio e a cultura vêm assumindo posições privilegiadas nas políticas urbanas, apresentando-se como instrumento de transformação do cariz das cidades. No entrecho dessa candente tendência ganha relevo a competitividade entre as urbes, que passam a granjear uma imagem que as tornem vendável, capazes de atrair investimentos e turistas. Nos holofotes desse tablado as cidades tornam-se notáveis protagonistas, dirigidas pelas políticas de reabilitação urbanas. Nesse enredo os centros históricos ganham visibilidade acentuada e são convertidos em palcos para a espetacularização e encenação da vida cotidiana. Imbricado a esse processo de produção de imagens recrudescem nesse cenário o fenômeno da gentrificação
Cousin, Bruno. "Cadres d'entreprise et quartiers de refondation à Paris et à Milan : contribution à l'analyse différenciée du rapport des classes supérieures à la mixité socio-spatiale et aux dynamiques d'auto-ségrégation." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008IEPP0031.
Full textThis dissertation analyzes upper-middle class attitudes towards socio-spatial mixing. More specifically, I study several neighborhoods located at the immediate peripheries of Paris and Milan, and whose populations are primarily made of private sector executives. These areas harbor high-standing residential complexes, composed of hundreds or thousands of units located in high-rise buildings erected within the last thirty years, close to the new business centers of Segrate (Milan) and La Défense (Paris). Arising out of big construction operations of leveling, reconstruction and repopulation (and sometimes enclosure), they have erased the previous memory of the sites on which they now stand, following a process of social upgrading I call "refoundation", and which I distinguish clearly from much-studied processes of gradual gentrification. In the course of the demonstration, I follow (1) an historical perspective, retracing Parisian and Milanese bourgeoisies’ successive attitudes towards the fragmentation of urban space; (2) a statistical perspective involving multivariate and typological analysis of the distribution of various social groups within the Milan urban area (to complement available data on Paris compiled by Edmond Préteceille); (3) Last but not least, based on 89 in-depth interviews and the series of ethnographic observations I carried out in Levallois, Courbevoie and Segrate, I restitutes some of the constructions of meaning, symbolic universes and registers of justification used by locals, in order to account for their residential choices and their tendency to approve of upper middle-class self-segregation
Imbert, Florence. "Enjeu du concept d'émeute urbaine : approche comparée de quelques cas en Europe et dans le monde arabe dans le dernier quart du XXème siècle." Aix-Marseille 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX32042.
Full textNgwe, Ngwe Jean-Jacques. "Médias et violences urbaines au Cameroun et en France : approche comparative." Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA4028.
Full textTaking into consideration many armed robberies, rapes, theft and homicides recorded in many suburbs of big Cameroonian agglomerations, violence known as “urban” appear limited and sporadical in France and are more due to delinquency and incivility than to crime. The same word does not have the same meaning here and in Cameroon of the comparable facts; here and there, these facts are however at the origin of equal and intense setting in media scene. It is on this building work of the representations by the activity of the Cameroonian national daily journalists that our research is based. The ordinary daily violence will not be evoked here, but if it is done, it will only be in an indirect and summary way. Our Objective is different. It is a question, first of all, of examining the changes occurred on the level of the journalistic practices, in bond with those which touch the general terms of construction of the public debate and democratic dynamics. Then after it’s a question of examining the new statute of “violence” as a stake of the media debate, and the manner by which journalism adapts this stake, to a broad public. The parallelization (more than the comparison strictly speaking) of the situations Cameroonian and French is suggestive of the same general evolution at a time when our communities become mass democracies. Of this last term, two principal meanings are to be retained: on one side, that which relates to the importance acquired by information “of mass”, standardized and intended for a very large audience; but on the other side, that which relates effects and social actors on the political life, of which one of the major translations is the rise to power of their double slackness and caricatural, “the public opinion”. Instead of being the vectors of an autonomous direction conveyed by the social actors of the public debate, the journalists are often thorough to take the initiative on a public with the unspecified social profile, seized in its dimensions of passivity and fear. In France as in Cameroon, the entry in force of “urban violence’s” in media space was carried out in connection with a crisis situation thus defined: whereas actors and social movements withdrew from the public stage, to be maintained there often only in one minor and degraded form, the journalistic practices were becoming “professional”, the technical base constitutive of media space widened, its logics of operation becoming increasingly dependent on the constraints of format. In spite of these common general tendencies, the mediatization of violence in Cameroon and in France corresponds to two distinct ideal types: that of culture, in the case of Cameroon; that of the Jacobinism, in the case of France. The main tendencies which mark the evolution of journalism and the national press do not differ to a significant degree from one place to another, even if this evolution is carried out according to heterogeneous temporalities. The Cameroonian case is interesting, insofar as an important inflection of the journalistic practices, in the years 1990, coincides with the return to democracy, defined by a new law on social communication but also, as much, by the end of censorship and the liberalization of the Cameroonian media space. In France, the meeting of these logics, professional and sociopolitic is more outstanding. But it did not become less visible in the years 1980, and especially in 2000; during the riots of Clichy-sous-Bois of 2005 when the children of immigrants were projected in the public life using a setting of spectacular scenes of violence
Carrère, Geoffrey. "Changement cognitif ou transformation du rôle social de l'expert ? : sociologie des experts du risque routier dans une approche comparative France-Québec : le cas des audits de sécurité routière." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOU10031/document.
Full textEngineering techniques, during the 1960-1970 years, have been deployed in the constructionof huge road infrastructures for the social and human welfare by the use of science andtechnique. Nowadays, the engineering vantage has change. At the first sight, transition seemsclear. Today, users don’t have to conform their behaviours to the road environmenttransformations. It belongs to engineers to build road infrastructures adapted to the variousdriver’s behaviours. The incorporation of road safety audit in the French Ministry of Ecology,Sustainable Development and Sea (MEEDDM) and in the Quebec Ministry of Transports(MTQ), exemplifies this turning point. First, road safety audit is applied in a new frameworkcontrol system for the expertise independence purpose. Second, it introduces a newengineering approach called proactive approach. This one breaks with the previousapproaches by transcending technical control with the use of professional experiences anddriver’s knowledge in order to adapt infrastructure to driver’s behaviours. This cognitivetransformation will be the object of our research. Specifically, we will study the changeleaded by experiential knowledge. Paradoxically, we will note traditional cognitiveframeworks, which pertain to French and Quebec cultural engineering, in a renewedengineering approach. Then we will show that road safety audit incorporation more underlinea transformation of the expert social role than a cognitive change. This social rolemodification reflects to new forms of state action legitimacy. Indeed, considering driver’sbehaviours particularities and introducing an independent control system will show roadsafety audit incorporation as the exercise of contemporary legitimacies of state action
Bjork, David Eugène. "Logiques de conversion individuelle et logiques confessionnelles : les modes d'évangélisation mises en oeuvre par les pasteurs anglo-américains présents en France." Paris, EPHE, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EPHE5035.
Full textThe question examined by this thesis is that of the experience of conversion in the Protestant Evangelical context and its role in the construction of a unique worldview. The study of several Evangelical groups, fruit of the work of Anglo-American missionaries in France, permits us to observe the variety and religious vitality of this transatlantic movement. It also reveals the dynamics by which these groups maintain the plausibility of their beliefs and their collective and individual sense of belonging. The experience of conversion, and of witnessing, is mot important among theses dynamics. Around this central question we privilege three orientations: the understanding of the mindset and religious experience of the North American Evangelical Missionaries, the examination of what is that these missionaries hope to accomplish and the ways in which they and their communities have been received by the French, the exposition of the influence of recent transformations in religious experience of the French on their work. By studying these Evangelical groups we wish to test, in the French context, the hypothesis of Christian Smith which suggests that a religious movement that unites both clear cultural distinction and intense social engagement will be capable of thriving in a pluralistic, modern society. We conclude that the Anglo-Saxon Evangelical missionaries have indeed been able to start communities in France which draw from their reading of the Bible, from their experience of conversion, and from their religious pilgrimage, convictions, perspectives, values and distinctive commitments which distinguish them in a positive and energizing way from their fellow citizens
Bjork, David Eugène. "Le choc des univers : une analyse comparée des modes d’évangélisation de l’Église catholique et des protestants évangéliques en France, comme révélateurs de leurs compréhensions du monde." Strasbourg, 2009. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2009/BJORK_David_Eugene_2009.pdf.
Full textAlthough French society continues to bear signs of its Christian foundations, the Christian « faith universe » has become unintelligible for a significant number of French citizens. Having made this observation, this thesis argues that there is an Evangelical Protestant world view and a Roman Catholic world view that comprise two systemic realities which maintain two particular perceptions of reality that are rooted in two specific understandings of the saving work of Jesus-Christ. Our hypothesis is that these two multidimensional world views exist within a sociocultural context that offers meaning and answers to life’s ultimate questions to the French people. This thesis analyses the manner in which Evangelical Protestants and Roman Catholics present the message of Christ to the French since 1965, and the process of conversion that they expect from those individuals who decide to enter into their « faith universe ». The goal of this analysis is to throw light upon the systemic realities that are at the heart of their perceptions of reality. Both theological and practical in nature, this study examines the unbelief of our times, and the paths that lead men and women from unbelief to a living experience of God, with the aim of helping today’s Christians to more intelligibly live and communicate their faith
Sabatier, Laurence-Marie. "Réseaux urbains et services aux entreprises en France métropolitaine et à La Réunion." Paris 1, 2002. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006274.
Full textHubé, Nicolas. "Qu'est-ce que l'actualité "politique" ? : pour une analyse de la hiérarchisation de l'information, regards croisés sur les "unes" de la presse quotidienne française et allemande." Strasbourg 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005STR30014.
Full textThe "Front-page" represents news. It is, firstly, the product of a social space of practices, politically and economically built. As producing political representations, it is, secondly, the product of a discurse. As built, the "Front-page", finally, is produced by professionnal practices, where the external constraints are internalizied by the organization, and are interiorized by the actors producing this discurse on the news. This one is, then, as much a means of positioning on the competitive market that on the political market. These three points entrance brings three principal methods of investigations : the comparison like means of giving direction to the context of production ; analysis of the discurse, like means of apprehending the representations of the news historically ; and, finally, ethnographic observation cumulated with the interviews like means of apprehending professional rationalities. The comparison on national presses in France and in Germany allows to observe the differenciated structuration of two professional spaces and by, see how a "market referentiel" makes it entree in France from the eighties, transforming sens of the "Front-page". Not affecting the german newspapers of our corpus, the observation of this referentiel is the occasion to reconsider the "newspaper crises" perception in the two countries
Colin, Thierry. "Analyse sociologique comparative de la pratique du judo pour les enfants de sept à douze ans au Japon et en France." Paris 5, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA05H027.
Full textOur working hypothesis was that the practice of judo for children was a particularly interesting study subject to show some cultural features and the regular organizations in different countries. In Japan as in France, judo for children has educational, social and cultural aims. All these aims interact, which transforms and redefines judo into an “ethnical motricity”. We chose to compare so as to analyze globally the observation of how the “body techniques” used in judo and the way they are taught varied according to their cultural background. After studying the cultural representativeness and the historical context of judo for children in Japan and in France, we compared how judoka children, parents and teachers see the aims of practicing and the means to it. Then we compared the curriculums and the way they are taught
ある国の文化の特徴と組織機構を明らかにするためには子供向けの柔道が最適の研 究の対象の一つであると仮定して本論文の研究を行った。日本でもフランスでも子 供の柔道は教育と社会と文化の三つの局面を持っている。この三つの局面がそれぞ れ柔道の修行に影響を及ぼすことによって柔道は定義し直されて変更を受けられて いるから柔道の修行は民族的な体の動き方であるといってもよい。柔道で用いられ ている「身体の技術」とその指導はどういう風に文化背景によって異なるかを識別 するように比較による分析方法を選んだ。日本の状況とフランスのを別々にして子供の柔道の文化的な代表性とその歴史背景 を研究してから柔道をする子供達と彼らの両親と指導者の柔道の修行の目的の表象 とそれを果たすための講じた方策を検討した。それから指導の内容とその伝え方に 対しての比較も行った。
Mangset, Marte. "The discipline of historians : a comparative study of historians' constructions of the discipline of history in English, French and Norwegian universities." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009IEPP0057.
Full textReforms related to the Bologna process have profoundly influenced on French and Norwegian higher education. The reorganisation of study programmes is a key feature of these reforms. In England, it is rather national reforms that have changed the degree structure in the discipline of history. With this thesis I have sought to study the relationships between the structure of study programmes and conceptions of a discipline in a given discipline, that of history. Based on interviews with historians teaching at master level in two universities in each of the three countries, I have studied ways to understand and define the discipline related to teaching practices and the structures within which these practices take place. Rather than taking the reforms as object of study, I have chosen to use them as a methodological means in order to study disciplinary conceptions. The degree structure reforms have created controversies in the six history departments under study. The argumentations developed by the historians in these debates unveil tacit disciplinary conceptions. The variations between different conceptions of history hereby exposed pose the question of the disciplines’ universality and essentialism claimed by many. The analysis of disciplinary conceptions conducted through the analysis of study programmes and the reforms of these study programmes reformulate the question of the relationship between a discipline and its context
Dubarry, Thibaut. "La guerre en temps de paix ? : violences dans la société civile (ganstérisme de masse, terrorisme, émeutes) et militarisation des dispositifs de pacification : la France, l'Afrique du Sud et les Etats-Unis en perspective." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012IEPP0022.
Full textThis Ph. D dissertation analyses violence in 3 societies: South Africa, France and the United States. I defend the thesis that even gangsterism, terrorism and riots are perceived a a new form of war, we assist to a process of pacification and to a demilitarization of repression
Saitta, Eugénie. "Les transformations du journalisme politique depuis les années 1980 : une comparaison France / Iitalie." Rennes 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006REN1G014.
Full textThe research questions, in terms of a comparison between France and Italy, the decline of political journalism specialty in the professional hierarchies since the 1980s. Three central and cross-cutting issues emerge from this work. The first concerns the social construction of boundaries of political information, the second the crisis of political journalism and disqualification of its vision of professional excellence, the third the process of depoliticization of political journalism. Our analysis was conducted at three levels -micro, meso and macro- At each level is at stake the definition of politics and its boundaries, and the construction of the place and status of political journalism in the journalistic field's hierarchies. The first level is the organization of the political service, and the hierarchical relationships and competition between groups of journalists inside the newsroom. The second level is the transformation of the journalism field, and of the economic and professional constraints exerted on political journalism. The third level is the transformation of the relationships between the journalistic field and the political field, and the degree of autonomy of the first one towards the second one. The concepts of "field" (Bourdieu) of "rhetoric" (Padioleau) and "paradigm crisis" (Charron, Bonville) are employed in this research which also largely uses theoritical framework from organizational sociology, and sociology of professions, or even interactionism. Our survey by direct observation and semi-structured interviews focuses on the national daily press. It is also attentive to journalistic writing through a quantitative and qualitative analysis of content (based on corpus of articles)
Gally, Natacha. "Le marché des hauts fonctionnaires : une comparaison des politiques de la haute fonction publique en France et en Grande-Bretagne." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012IEPP0019.
Full textThis dissertation compares senior civil service reforms in France and Great-Britain in a socio-historical perspective. Whereas these countries are considered as most different cases in the literature on public administration and managerial reforms, I suggest that their historical trajectories display striking similarities in the long run, related to issues of regulation of the administrative labour market. Building on analytical concepts from the sociology of professions and the sociology of labour markets, I argue that in both countries the politics of senior civil service can be explained as a competitive dynamic between actors struggling to define and control the rules of entrance and circulation on the administrative labour market. Four institutional dynamics – professional, administrative, political and educational - are at the core of this evolution, which I suggest can be explained in three successive historical periods: the politics of external closure on the administrative labour market and the professionalization of the “generalists” before the second World War; the politics of centralization and the attempts to create an internal labour market at the top of the State; and finally the opening up of the administrative labour market and the politics of re-regulation at the end of 20th century. This long term historical analysis leads to characterize two ideal-typical models of administrative labour market – a professional one and an organisational one - based on different types of internal segmentation
Wallenhorst, Nathanaël. "Des lycéens entre la France et l'Allemagne : comparer des expériences scolaires." Paris 13, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA131009.
Full textThis work consists in a comparison between French and German school experiences made thanks to an intercultural device to reveal the most important elements of both experiences. The comparison is made by the actors themselves, secondary school people aged 15 to 17 taking part in a one-year individual school exchange. We cross the French teenagers' points of view and the German teenagers' on the French school experience on the one hand, and on the German school experience on the other hand. The theoretical dimension of this work of sociology on school experience especially based on François Dubet's works, has the specificity of being crossed by the intercultural and the German works of Sciences of Education (in particular with the notion of Bildung). This research, which questions the notion of experience and brings to the fore the cultural dimension of school experience casts a new light on the school experience of all the secondary school pupils and brings in new elements of understanding of the French and German school systems. By using the exchanges as revealing social experiences, and by letting the actors undergoing another experience compare their social experiences themselves, we propose another type of compared education. This work, which consists in an “ethnography of comparison” and not in a “comparison of ethnographies” offers a methodology that can be used in compared education “in vivo” which is bound to develop because of globalization thanks to the development of exchanges
Hosseinpoor, Mohammad. "Densité et forme urbaine durable : Marseille et Chiraz, approche comparative." Aix-Marseille 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX32042.
Full textThe main axis of this research is an urban durability survey through a comparative analytic method, based on existing urban contexts, the relation between the form and the context. The impact of the traditional urban planning (zoning) and the diffuse habitat to follow the normal using of cars on the urban environment demands to take into account the relationship between density and sustainable urban planning and design. The objective of the struggle against of urban sprawl through a politic based on the social rights, sustainable economy and viable environment generated to find the best relation between density and urban form. Six neighborhoods, more or less dense of varying urban typo-morphology – historic/heritage fabric, large-scale apartment blocks, detached or semi-detached houses – found in two cities (Marseilles and Shiraz) shall be used as essential points (places) for our study. This research analyses the designed form – architectural and urban -, the anthropological human form and the historic form. The distinction between collective housing often situated in down towns and the detached houses in suburbs opens the dialogue between inside and outside urban growth. The analysis of the neighborhoods studied in terms of evaluation criteria based on sustainable neighborhood has lead our research to evaluate selected sites in relation to sustainable development principals. The measure of quantitative criteria of sustainable development and qualitative criteria based on the social survey next to inhabitants let us determine the value of proximity in the choice of the neighborhood and the sustainable housing
Pérouse, de Montclos Marc-Antoine. "Violence et sécurité urbaines en Afrique du Sud et au Nigeria : Durban, Johannesburg, Kano, Lagos, Port Harcourt." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995IEPP0003.
Full textThrough five case-studies-three in Nigeria (Kano, Lagos and Port Harcourt) and two in South Africa (Durban and Johannesburg), the first aim of this thesis is to make clear the concept of urban violence: its definition does not include any violent events which appen in the cities (and which may be "imported": civil wars, rural protests). But violence "produced" by the cities, from riots to banditry. We need to bear in mind the national contexts of violence to understand the process of urbanisation in Nigeria -a latitudinarianism partly inherited from British liberals' indirect rule-and South Africa-the apartheid system. South of the Sahara, cities show patterns that are common to most developing countries: rural influx, rapid demographic growth without industrialization, informal settlements in the fringes of the cities, huge problems of public administration, duality between rich and poor areas. But African cities have specific patterns: migrants retain strong links with the countryside, there is little or no urban rural dichotomy. Regional factors of violence (Durban and Port Harcourt) may be more important than the urban one (Kano, Lagos and Johannesburg)> a second aim of this thesis is to study the effects of violence on urban control: planning, security forces, justice and social prevention for the state: self-defense, private polices, vigilantes, sorcery, lynches, "bunker's psychosis", creation of "no-areas" and refugees' movements as reflected on the property market from citizens. The violent city loses its social function of modernism and cosmopolitism and turns into a ghetto
Midy, Marie Yonide. "Les pouvoirs de la traduction, pouvoir d'institution : contribution à une sociologie politique de la traduction dans les institutions internationales." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA070102.
Full textIf translation is useful, it is however not neutral, it influences social relations. Ideologies, from the most virtuou to the most perverse, have been conveyed by translations and translation as a tool of mediation is a politica paradigm because of the urgent need to communicate. Translation as a challenge becomes a model which contain in itself an element of respect for diversity, not only a language tool but a hospitality component. In this thesis, w will try to focus on some of its many social and political effects. We will reflect on the translation in twm international institutions as a metaphor of mediation between cultures. We examine in this research the socio political issues of the translation process within the institutions, from a sociological perspective withou attempting an exhaustive sociography of the translators, their conditions of work in international institutions a social actors or agents in connection with the international communication and linguistic diversity. We wi highlight the role of translators in the institutional project. We will emphasize the importance of the translato invested with a real power in an office of translation in those two international institutions: The United Nation (UN) and a religious institution within the Catholic Church. To conclude, we venture a comparative study o translation practices within these two institutions in order to highlight common and divergent characteristics
Yaneva, Albena. ""L' affluence" des objets : Pragmatique comparée de l'art contemporain et de l'artisanat d'art." Paris, ENMP, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ENMP1063.
Full textBégin, Thomas. "Une étude expérimentale de deux réformes électorales." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28889/28889.pdf.
Full textFalkenhagen, Frédéric. "Les électorats ethno-régionalistes en Europe occidentale : étude comparée en Bavière, Écosse, Flandre et au Pays de Galles." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2010. https://spire.sciencespo.fr/notice/2441/53r60a8s3kup1vc9kd0r048ok.
Full textThis thesis tries to expand the analysis of ethno-regional parties through an international comparative study of their electorates. Our focus is on international constants in sociological structure and ideological orientation. We explore the patterns and structures of four distinct ethno-regional parties' electorates covering almost the full spectrum of de Winter’s scale of ethno-regional party programmes: Plaid Cymru (PC) (Wales, United Kingdom), Scottish National Party (SNP) (Scotland, United Kingdom), Vlaams Blok/ Vlaams Belang (VB) (Flanders, Belgium), Christlich Soziale Union in Bayern (CSU) (Bavaria, Germany). Our analysis uses survey data of the 1990s and early 2000s through a series of specific multiple correspondence analyses and classifications. We focus on socio-demographical data in the first round of analysis and values and opinions in a second one. The results clearly show a close international comparability of ethno-regional party electorates and a number of voter types specific to this type of party. While their social structure is largely identical to other large parties their ideological structure is specific to them and shares strong similarities throughout the cases. We have been able to identify four distinct groups within each of the electorates (federalists, nationalists, protesters and contesters) that define an ethno-regional electorate
Kim, Dong-Sik. "Les comportements socio-politiques et institutions constitutionnelles : l'étude sur les comportements socio-politiques coréens et les institutions politiques administratives de la France et la Corée." Paris 8, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA081568.
Full textVilleneuve, Gaël. "Faire parler le public : une ethnographie comparée des débats politiques à la télévision." Paris 8, 2008. http://octaviana.fr/document/136516661#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textIn my thesis, I have studied the following hypothesis : the people invited to discuss and play on "broadcasted debates" stage emotions, which institute a familiarity between the audience and the discussed political fact. I have focused on four political debates : Le Grand Jury, Mots croisés, the "Débats" page of Le Monde and the British program Question Time. My thesis begins with a theoretical assessment of the two main methodologies used in my fieldwork : an ethnography of the debates and a discourse analysis. Then, a short historical overview, based on secondary sources, linking the history of French and English debates, is presented. This perspective leads me to describe the current organization of these debates, as I attended them during my ethnography. A first section presents "the organization of meetings", how the hosts of the debates receive the guests, and a second section offers a description of the "sequence interactions" - how the external participant evolve in these debates. The final section offers an interpretation of the discourses held in my three French fields. My attention is focused on the way the guests are "grown up" during the debates on the 2005 riots. I also pay attention on the meaning of the exchanges which take place there. These reflections lead me to conclude that "mediatized debates" construct a hybrid space between fidelity to political stakes and marketing requirements
Raoult, Sacha. "La théorisation de l'évolution pénale." Aix-Marseille 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX32023.
Full textFrom Montesquieu to Posner, from Durkheim to Foucault, the search for a causal pattern that would best explain the differences between historical systems of penalty on a single scale is an ambitious task, in between sociology of law and a more or less obsolete subject: the philosophy of History. Nowadays, two scattered bodies of hypothesis may be loosely called theories of penal evolution. The first is founded on a far analogy between cultural and biological evolution, which borrows from Law and Economics and recent concepts of natural sciences. The other is rooted in Marxist thought and describes the penal system as an oppressing machine, which follows the evolution of power. Both seem to be satisfying explanations of short term and long term penal evolution. But, by imprinting a normative will on positive considerations, the mainstream literature hides the major discontinuities of penal history and creates others, forcing us to see materialistic changes where there are only intended ones. So that the history it explains will be coherent and intelligible, modern theories have forsaken the study of contradictions and missing links, everything, in penal history, that does not look like a mandriven machine. By rejecting this paradigm, the shape of penal history changes and reveals new subjects such as the porosity of law, the competition of norms on the field of incapacitation, the persistence of physical punishment or the way legal, technical, and sacred history are intertwined
Tan, Eng Bok Georges. "Formation de l'Etat, culture stratégique, et politique militaire : analyse comparative URSS/Chine des permanences et des changements." Paris 10, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA100058.
Full textBased on cultural characteristics and geostrategic legacies specific to the USSR and people's Republic of China, this dissertation examines: 1) the role of the military in building the State, 2) the influence of traditional strategic culture in nuclear era, and 3) the ability to meet the American cultural and technological challenge in military policy. Its main finding refers to a conceptual, non-strategic, interpretation of possible causes to the collapse, without fight, of the soviet system
Jemaï, Mohamed. "La représentation socio-politique au niveau local au Maroc et la problématique modernité-tradition : terrain d'illustration, la ville d'Oujda." Paris 8, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA081208.
Full textThe traditionnal and socio-political representation of morroco at a local level has been much affected since independance (1956) by the importation of different modern and technical institutions of representation. As wel as society, as a whole, has wittenessed a lot of important changes. . Those tow realities have been understood considered through and whit in the realm of the problematic of modernity and tradition. The aim of this study is not only a descrition but also deals with the evolution of the representative institutions, the elites and their multidimentionnal environment ; in order to demonstrate how and why traditionalism imposed itself to link tradition and modernity, as a socio-cutural system ruling upon reality, but moreover, how it works and links the various fields of social political and economical life
Jardin, Antoine. "Voter dans les quartiers populaires : dynamiques électorales comparées des agglomérations de Paris, Madrid et Birmingham." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014IEPP0041/document.
Full textThis research studies the evolution of voting turnout in in Paris, Madrid and Birmingham’s deprived neighborhoods since 1999. In France, after the 2005 riots, both registration and turnout increased sharply during the 2007 presidential election in those places. Yet their inhabitants face numerous social and physical barriers, reducing the likelihood that they would vote. We try to explain this paradox using combined theoretical frameworks from urban sociology, electoral sociology, electoral geography and public policies in a comparative research design. The core hypothesis is that those social groups are increasingly involved in politics and in voting. This study uses several methodological tools involving aggregate data analysis, survey data analysis, polling station observation and field interviews. The results show that public policies designed to influence turnout are sharply divided. Universalistic approaches appear more likely to get voters to participate
Vaknin, Benny. "The mayor's vision and leadership in sustainable urban economic development." Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1I105.
Full textThis research is focused on the case study of the historical development of the City of Ashkelonduring the tenure of the author as its Deputy Mayor and subsequently as the Mayor of the City.This case study illustrates the impact of the author’s mayoral vision, as well as his leadership,self-determination and perseverance on the local governance capacity to accomplish the mayoralstrategic sustainable urban development goals, including: upgrading the performance of the widediversity of the urban service sectors, stimulating environmentally sustainable economicdevelopment, alleviating unemployment, improving the educational systems at all levels,ensuring integrated urbanization that effectively meets the societal needs of fast expandingmulti-cultural population, and promoting quality of life. Performance measures and national andlocal data statistics illustrate the significant societal, economic and environmental impacts of theprograms implemented to support the population expansion from 63,000 residents in 1991 to138,000 in 2017 and promote economic growth as a core target goal of local governance forsustainable urban development. This case study demonstrates that the mayoral leadership is amain factor in building local governance commitment to achieving excellence and promoting highperformance urbanization standards of municipal services, educational systems, socio-culturalintegration, environmental quality preservation, and other critical aspects of sustainable urbandevelopment. It proposes and illustrates the implementation of a sustainable development modelfor cities, which experience a fast population growth under extreme environmental conditionsfacing climate change impacts and geo-political stress
Lauriot, Norbert. "L'adaptation géographique et technique des chemins de fer urbain : réseaux de métropolitain." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010643.
Full textUrban railway networks are bound to outland on the very long term. Therefore it is necessary to conceive them so that they can still provide an efficient service despite of the unavoidable alterations of the urban framework upon which they have been nettled. After having studied of the evolution of paris railway network, from the historically first listed project untill 1996 and shortly analysised the current world situation through three questions : 1) why does a urban aera make the choice of fitting with a subway (or mass transit) ? 2) what are exact bearing of the term subway (or mass transit) ? 3) how have this mode of transport overspread ? One statiscally analyses the lay out of the networks concerning this mode of conveyance (througout the world existent, under construction or in project) to specify the main policies that were used since 1862 (date of the first metropolitan railway operating), and so of to make their main advantages and drawbacks emerge
Dohotariu, Anca. "Le couple non marié en Roumanie et en France : une approche de sociologie comparée." Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0087.
Full textFor over thirty years international reflections on family and private life have tried to understand the deep meanings, expectations and contemporary values of reference that organize the life of a couple. What about Romania? Following a totalitarian regime, the period alter 1989 is characterized by profound transformations of representations and practices of living together. These transformations, more visible among the young population, concern both the spread of cohabitation, the gradual emergence of democratic values and the slow but profound transformation of marriage itself to date these changes have not received the deserved attention from researchers, with few analyses and data available. This thesis presents the results of the first sociological qualitative study dedicated to the unmarried couple in Romania. It is a comparative study based on nearly a hundred in-depth interviews carried out in Bucharest and Marseille. My goal was to observe how the category of the couple is redefined today, and particularly how the representations, practices and values include the issue of gender equality. Further, I was interested to investigate to what extent and how these current changes position Romania in the evolution of contemporary modernity. This work is a comparative study on Romania and France, whose purpose is to capture the similarities and differences between these countries
Fusco, Giovanni. "Un modèle systémique d'indicateurs pour la durabilité de la mobilité urbaine : les cas de Nice et Gênes dans une comparaison internationale." Nice, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NICE2021.
Full textThe focus of this research is sustainable daily mobility in contemporary cities, with particular emphasis on two case studies: Nice and Genoa. The case studies are comparatively analysed with 73 world cities using quantitative indicators organised in a systemic framework. The analysis is structured in three phases: the application of multivariate statistics, modelling through Bayesian Networks, and finally the evaluation of the two case studies. It uses two scales of observation: cities as a whole, and the intra-urban level. The results confirm the existence of strong systemic links between urban structure, transportation and environmental variables. They identify non-sustainable dynamics within modern cities and the specificities of the two case studies, for which strategic recommendations are suggested
Berrebi-Hoffmann, Isabelle. "Pouvoir et contrôle dans les entreprises d'expertise : une approche socio-économique des organisations fondées sur le savoir : le cas du conseil en informatique." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997IEPP0037.
Full textBased on three case studies of leading consulting and service firms in France and in the USA, this thesis adress two issues: 1- the control of professionals in knowledge based organizations 2- the governance of radically decentralized firms the empirical material consists of three sociological surveys ( 200 qualitative semi-directive interviews of consultants and managers, and a study of management systems. The dissertation has four parts. The first part deals with the history of management and computer consulting firms in France, since the sixties. Then, the different sorts of decentralized structures (from federal forms to free-lance networks), these firms have adopted are analysed. Because of their radically decentralized forms and the intellectual aspects of the professionals work, these firms have to face power and control challenges, which are examined through the example of computer consulting companies. The second and the third parts present the dramatically different organizational solutions the two leading European firms have built. The first one is based on organizational tools and mechanisms of social and political control of the structures and the professionals, the second one is based on incitations, contracts and internal markets. The thesis shows then that both solutions implies horizontal control mechanisms instead of vertical ones. The last part induced from the cases, offers some more general hypotheses on control and governance of knowledge based organizations. It shows that the control is actually extremelly efficient even if it is not direct and hierarchical. This is contradictory with recent economical organization theory which considers control as a problem because of "information assymetry" and "opportunism". The thesis shows that these theories ignore the existence of social controls and neglict the fact that uncertainty can be a constraint and not a ressource for people who control it
Alam, Thomas. "Quand la vache folle retrouve son champ : une comparaison transnationale de la remise en ordre d’un secteur d’action publique." Lille 2, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/40/54/39/PDF/ThAlam.pdf.
Full textBased on a comparaison between France and Britain, the thesis studies a sectoral reform that would have been made compulsory after the 1996 BSE crisis. It shows how change is promoted in a policy sector (food safety) and how is contributes to its existence by enhancing its administrative legitimacy. Rather than taking change for granted, change is apprehended through its symbolic dimension, whose shaping highly depends on the struggles over the sector’s dominaion. The latter are an integral part of the crisis building, the policy timing (the rupture) and the nessity of change. Through a transnational brokers, it reasserts that the foreign reference is a weapon as well as an issue of national sectoral struggles. Far from a top down and uniform implementation of an international good practice, its translation is significantly filtered by the singularities of the domestic space
Godillon, Sylvanie. "La rénovation urbaine, une opportunité de réduire les inégalités socio-spatiales d'être impliqué dans un accident dans les espaces publics." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010619.
Full textPeker, Efe. "Une sociologie comparative et historique de la sécularisation : formation de l'état républicain en France (1875-1905) et en Turquie (1908-1938)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01H082.
Full textThis dissertation features a comparative-historical examination of macrosocietal secularisation in France (1875-1905) and Turkey (1908-1938), with particular attention to their republican state building experiences. Bridging the literatures on secularisation theory (sociology of religion) and state formation (comparative-historical sociology), it is the purpose of this work to contribute to “historicising the secularisation debate” by scrutinising the “sociopolitical conflicts” involved in the making of macro-level secularisation (Gorski, 2003b, 2005). The existing literature often interprets different patterns of secularisation through voluntaristic perspectives (overemphasising the ideologies/beliefs of rulers and individuals) or deterministic lenses (anticipating civilisational or modernist path dependencies). To overcome the duality, this study provides a comparative-historical approach that investigates secularisation as a nonlinear, uneven, and dialectical process contingent upon the course of sociopolitical struggles and structural transformations. Differing from many other national states, why did France and Turkey converge to embrace secularism as a central principle and doctrine, based on an accentuated form of “separation” from and “regulation” of religion? What accounts for their divergence, that is, why did the “separation” aspect prove more dominant in French laïcité, whereas “regulation” came to be prominent in Turkish laiklik ? Resting on a rich array of archival and bibliographical sources, my analysis proposes to explain the convergence and divergence between France and Turkey through the interaction of “extra-religious” and “religious” sets of variables. The former set takes into account geographically specific class struggles/alliances, and dynamics of internal/external sovereign state building. The latter set explores the doctrinal/institutional configuration of dominant religions, and the situation of religious minorities. Highlighting the interplay of these “extra-religious” and “religious” dynamics, the dissertation offers an analytical framework to contribute to the social scientific understanding of secularisation/desecularisation beyond the French and Turkish cases. The highly contentious histories of France and Turkey reveal that secularisation is not merely about the conflict of ideational visions. Secularisation is also a concrete state building strategy operationalised through a combination of “separation” and “regulation”. As part of the struggle against religiously affiliated/legitimated sociopolitical contenders, these dual strategies are utilised by bourgeois-national state builders to bring about “differentiation”, “societalisation”, and “rationalisation” (Wallis & Bruce, 1992). While the strategy of separation “differentiates” (and transfers to the state) diverse social functions previously assumed by “religious authority” (Chaves, 1994), the latter’s remaining prerogatives are placed under the regulation of “societally” and “rationally” organised secular bureaucratic institutions. In this sense, secularisation is intimately linked to the consolidation of sovereign infrastructural power (Mann, 1984 ; Soifer, 2008) in “legalinstitutional”, “socio-educational”, “symbolic-ideological”, and “property-distributional” spheres. France and Turkey allow for a cross-religious and cross-regional comparison to crystallise the national and extra-national social forces and mechanisms that influence the ebbs and flows in the secularising process
Ornaghi, Annalisa. "Uno studio comparato sulle disuguaglianze di salute : Italia e Francia." Thesis, Paris 4, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA040155.
Full textThe foundations of this work of research derived by the demonstration that the health is conditioning of a multiplicity by factors, the control of which is not exercised by the only health care system.Health inequalities, representing one of the most unjust and severe inequitable forms because health is one of the pre-conditions in order to live out fully individual life. Health inequality constitutes one of the worst scandals of our time, especially in developed and democratic countries.The theme of health inequalities is a subject beloved to the sociology, because their analysis allows, either to observe the social dynamics, either to understand as the social differences are distributed between the individuals within the society, especially with the current global economic crisis.The main objective of this study is, using comparative analysis, identify and distinguish the inequalities in health in the relationship between social conditions, risk factors, territorial context and state of health of the population, in two European countries (France and Italy), in order to understand their dynamics and as the territorial context affects the inequalities of health of individuals. Through a transnational approach this research project identifies differences and similarities between the two case studies.The results from our analysis, demonstrate the existence of "unexpected" similarities between groups of French and Italian people, despite different characteristics of social welfare and health systems
Fontana, Francesca. "Seuils et densités dans les perspectives de régénération urbaine au tournant du XXIè siècle." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAG034.
Full textAt the beginning of the 21st century, many new challenges have been proposed to the cities in the realms of ecology, economy and sociology. Several western metropolis aim at becoming nowadays a template for a sustainable, smart and fair development, particularly in the “after Kyoto” world. In recent international consultations on the future of cities (e.g. Grand Paris in 2007, followed by Bruxelles 2040, Lille 2030, Big Moscow 2050 etc.) politicians, economists and urban experts discussed together the relationship between regeneration and urban forms. In particular the practices of recycling, rescue and repair became central themes. In order to contain urban expansion, sprawl and lack of identity, the consultations re‐propose the concepts of concentration and intensification of urban areas, of vegetal and artificial density, of mixing and of functional hybridization. These are undeniable qualities of a sustainable city, but unfortunately deprived of real repercussions at the proper human scale. At present, while new inter‐municipal groups redraw their urban limits and envisage to renovate their identity around common goals, our research claims the need to understand and master different degrees of possible modifications on the already established urban fabric. In order for architecture to play a role in situations that are already in progress, reversibility and flexibility become two operational and complementary concepts. Architecture must become capable of integrating in time mutating perspectives and accepting its own transformation and evolution
Brun, Matthieu. "Microsociologie politique comparée de la mémoire du développement en milieu rural à Madagascar (Itasy) et au Maroc (Souss Massa Drâa)." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0314.
Full textOver the years, development operations have left many marks, which intertwine in the landscape and overlap in the people’s memory. While the approaches regarding development deal mainly with the future and are seldom focused in analyzing the past, this thesis aims at studying the memory of the development operations for the inhabitants of 7 communes in Madagascar and Morocco. Using a mixed methods research and both quantitative and qualitative data analyses, this thesis sets out to understand the narratives, evocation and recollection of material and intangible imprints left through carrying out development projects and programs. This thesis is structured around three dimensions: the memory reconstruction processes, the narratives’ contents and the differential use of the memory as a resource. This thesis provides a multi-disciplinary approach to understanding development operations and proves that the memory of these operations is turned by the people into a set of resources, unevenly distributed among individuals. Finally, this thesis challenges the mainstream discourse on development history, taking an innovative perspective
Karakioulafis, Christina. "Une lecture comparative des relations professionnelles en France et en Allemagne : la dynamique des relations professionnelles et leurs enjeux sociétaux : l'analyse sociétale peut-elle constituer un outil d'examen des relations professionnelles dans une perspective comparative ?" Paris 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA010524.
Full textPradella, Sébastien. "Gouverner le sol urbain : la production comparée des politiques foncières à Paris et à Bruxelles." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011IEPP0027.
Full textProperty and land use in European cities are covered by a large amount of public activities such as urban planning or building projects for residential or business development. However, the comparison carried out between Paris and Brussels, two metropolis chosen for their contextual similarities, shows the contrast between those cities regarding the governance and the making-process of their land policies. This difference in public policy trajectory, and therefore in urban development, stems from the institutionalization effects that follow each other during a long process to constrain the strategies and interests of urban capitalist investors, political and administrative actors and movements or advocacy group that defend the urban built environment. This dissertation proposes to apply an historical institutionalism framework never elaborated before in this structuring policy domain for cities. Thus, the hypothesis states that the main institutions – emerged from the 19th century – of land ownership and real estate development capitalism have strengthened the role of venture capitalists as the implementation's drivers of urban land policies. In later stages, institutional arrangements of the mixed economy and urban regeneration have been generated on basis of the existing framework. To go further in causalities mapping, we shed light on two sets of social mechanisms: namely institutional ones (activation or specification of rules) and interactions centered ones (interdependence between segments of the state and adjustment between economic interests and the predatory behavior of urban government)
Marcodoppido, Fabio. "S'en remettre à un spécialiste de la santé mentale : regards croisés sur des services publics en France et en Italie." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013VERS033S.
Full textThis research proposes a reinterpretation of delegation of care in mental health public policy. The purpose of the following comparative analysis is to analyse how, in France and Italy, political actors, professionals and publics tacked part at this collective action form 1960 to 2010. At first, the thesis analyses the texts of all politicians who instituted the birth of services "mental health" in the countries concerned. Further investigation to analyse the speech of actors directly or indirectly involved in the delegation of care (patients and its families), is presented in a second time. Performed first in Italy and then in France, further investigation helps to know how people have participated in the delegation of psychiatric care. The study shows how a priori the opposite way, the French and Italian cases lead their public policy: respectively, "fight against mental illness" versus "protecting mental health. " These modes are really only two variants of the same political risk, which aims both to neutralize the other, to prevent what is seen as a threat to the community or individuals. By maintaining the psychiatric hospital, the French model is aimes to eliminate mental illness in individuals, while the development of the community services, the Italian model aims to protect the community from risks related to mental health
Setbon, Michel. "Analyse des processus décisionnels en santé publique dans la lutte contre l'épidémie de SIDA : les politiques comparées de dépistage de l'infection par le VIH en France, Grande-Bretagne et Suède." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992IEPP0010.
Full textDecision-making concerning HIV infection (coming before the eventuality of developing aids) and national modalities of testing are analysed as policies attempting to respond both to a public health problem, preventing the spreading of contamination, and to a public problem, the fear of contamination. That gives them a great heterogeneity, unusual regarding biological practice and explains the quarrelling and unstable character of national policies. The comparison points out national choices as a social and political construction through a decision-making-process in which different structured-interests-groups in conflict try to direct policy testing to a pattern corresponding to their strategies. In 1985 the availability of HIV test and its introduction in the blood transfusion services put an end to the non-decision period noticed in the three studied countries inducing the politicization phase during which policies testing were concived and worked out. These policies get organized around a politico-technical coalition fitting the priority objective of the policy; this aim may be : epidemiological (detecting "groups risks"), medical (detecting seropositives in order to get them into the health care system) or in a direction of primary prevention (helping individuals to reduce their risk level to avoid futur hiv infection). These choices are expressed by very well differenciated national policies, quantitatively and qualitatively : two of them are extensive (France and Sweden), the third one is selective (Great-Britain) trying to meet individuals with behavior risks
Dos, Santos Marie. "Usages de traitements de substitution aux opiacés : étude comparative : France, Suisse et Québec." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAG017/document.
Full textFor a long time, ending drug addiction meant completely stopping any consumption. In the context of harm reduction policies, the introduction of substitution treatments has drastically changed the abstinence paradigm. Ending an addiction has taken a plural meaning, adding complexity to the delimitation already porous between “normal and pathological”. Nowadays stabilizing Methadone maintenance treatment or taking drugs on an irregular basis are perceived as an alternative to abstinence or other forms of recovery. In this thesis, wiitch deals with polysemic uses of substitution treatment, we analyze the attempts and strategies of the adjustment process in entering an addiction centre. The aim of this study is to show the different competencies that people can display in situations of vulnerability. Our interest is to find out how valuable expertise can emerge from the layperson point of view
Zamani, Mohammadamin. "Théâtre, ville et pouvoir: Pour une étude de la spatialité urbaine du théâtre à Téhéran (2009-2019)." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2020. https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/313327/5/Contrat.pdf.
Full textThis thesis studies the theatre and its transformations in the socio-political context of Tehran between 2009 and 2019 through the question of spatiality (Lussault, 2007). This period is characterized, on the one hand, by the blossoming of new performance spaces of various architectural, urban and institutional natures throughout the city and, on the other hand, by the appearance of new forms of appropriation of urban spaces for theatrical purposes by artists and spectators. To question these mutations, this study analyses the three case studies – representative of private theatre, off stage theatre and underground theatre - from a theoretical approach that combines social production of space and social construction of space (Low, 2017). In doing so, the present thesis demonstrates that beyond the aesthetic and dramaturgical dimensions, the evolution of the theatre scene in Tehran results from a more significant change in the urban spatiality of the theatre. This materializes, on the one hand, in the transformation of the spatial organization of the theatre within the urban context and, on the other hand, in the ways in which the social and political relations and dynamics of the city are spatialized in the theatre. As a result of this double process, and in the tense and changing socio-political conjunctures of Tehran in 2010s, the theatre space, hitherto an almost compartmentalized space excluded from the public sphere, is manifesting itself as a new public space. Not only it becomes the political field where different political and social forces meet (Balme,2014), it also turns into one of the principal elements in the power dynamics among them. Its production as an architectural and urban entity, its occupation, its appropriation and even its social, symbolic and discursive characteristics and boundaries are then the object of struggles, debates, negotiations and interventions - among the most tense and even virulent ones that the Iranian capital has experienced in the last decade - on the part of the three main forces :the authoritarian and ideological power in place, the economic and financial operators and the citizens, in this case artists and spectators. On the one hand, the dominant political, ideological and financial forces are establishing the privatization of theatre, which is conceptualized here as a spatial strategy. (De Certeau, 1990). They regulate theatre space, its production and use through multiple processes of political, ideological and economic exclusion, homogenization and domination. On the other hand, citizens deploy tactics (De Certeau) that is, new forms of appropriation of space within the breaches, inconsistencies and interstices of the dominant strategy. As a result, urban spaces produced, regulated and monitored for political, ideological or even capitalist purposes immediately become the fields for new forms of artists and spectators’ agencies. Sometimes these forms take the form of acts of resistance, struggle, contestation (the Underground theatre), sometimes of negotiation, compromise (the private theatres) or even circumvention and counter-experiences (the Off Stage theatre). However, whatever the form and consequences of these interactions, they open up breaches and fractures in the political, ideological and economic order that dominates the city and its space. They thus make possible the emergence and survival of forms of otherness in the public sphere and the public space.
Doctorat en Arts du spectacle et technique de diffusion et de communication
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Maggioni, Alessandro. "The regulation of urban logistics platforms : the urban governance of food wholesale markets in France and Italy : the case of Paris (Semmaris) and Milan (Sogemi)." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019IEPP0008.
Full textOne of the elements that characterize the process of economic globalization is the development of freight logistics as a strategic sector to determine the competitive advantages of urban regions. This study analyses the link between market changes, state reorganisation and the development of urban logistics infrastructures. The entry point for this analysis is the study of the policies that have produced and governed over time two European wholesale food markets: the MIN Rungis and the General Markets of Milan. Their comparison explains how structural changes have influenced their evolution and why today two wholesale markets, which were initially very similar from an analytical point of view, have nowadays two very different policy outcomes. Using a theoretical and methodological approach based on the contributions of historical neo-institutionalism and urban political economy, the role of interest groups, political actors, political rules and the market is clarified. These factors are interrelated to explain the policy conversion observed for MIN Rungis and the policy drift in the case of Milan. Finally, the policy processes that led to these results are explained in terms of causal mechanisms. The analysis highlights the central role of local policy rules and political context in determining the ability of local interest groups to influence decision-making processes, and the effect of their mobilization on the development of these urban infrastructures
Boisseuil, Clément. "Mettre en œuvre la mixité : rénovation et renouvellement urbains au sein des métropoles de Paris et de Chicago." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016IEPP0052.
Full textThe first objective of this dissertation is to understand the contrasted results of public programs aiming at the urban, social and economic transformation of low-income neighborhoods in the metropolitan areas of Paris and Chicago. Since the 1990s, large-scale programs have been implemented in those areas. They follow the goal of poverty deconcentration and try to tackle the multiple forms of urban segregation. If those initiatives have led to significant urban results, they have not engendered the expected social and economic outcomes. The analysis of implementation contributes to explain this phenomenon. This dissertation is structured around three main lines: institutions, practices and representations, learning effects. It builds upon a multi-scalar international comparison of four case studies conducted in two specific metropolises. First, we focus on the institutional heritage and the governance of urban renewal projects targeting diversity. Then, we analyze the multiple processes that relate to their implementation, emphasizing the significance of both contextual factors and the different interpretive frames within public policies. Finally, we study the learning processes recently at stake. We show that policy adaptation is only possible under certain conditions. In conclusion, distinct modes of implementation are theorized based on our empirical results and in accordance with the third generation of implementation research. Their theoretical analysis shows that ambiguities of policy design are leading toward proportional tensions, even conflicts, in the implementation phase
Lhomme, Serge. "Les réseaux techniques comme vecteur de propagation des risques en milieu urbain - Une contribution théorique et pratique à l'analyse de la résilience urbaine." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00772204.
Full textBesson, Raphaël. "Les Systèmes Urbains Cognitifs : des supports privilégiés de production et de diffusion d'innovations ? : études des cas de 22@Barcelona (Barcelone), GIANT/Presqu'île (Grenoble), Distrito tecnológico et Distrito de Diseño (Buenos Aires)." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00954267.
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