Relevant bibliographies by topics / Sociology, Individual and Family Studies

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Sociology, Individual and Family Studies'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Sociology, Individual and Family Studies"

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STALANS, LORETTA J. "Family Harmony or Individual Protection?" American Behavioral Scientist 39, no. 4 (February 1996): 433–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764296039004007.

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Fernea, Elizabeth. "Family Feminism or Individual Feminism? Different Histories, Different Paths to Gender Equity." Hawwa 1, no. 2 (2003): 131–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156920803100420315.

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AbstractThe Western feminist movement has been defined as an effort to separate biology from socialization in order to achieve equality between men and women. Muslim women's movements often reject this approach on the grounds that it devalues the family and reproduction. In this paper, historical comparisons between Christian and Muslim views of women demonstrate why East and West have reached this impasse, but also suggest how different cultural histories create different scenarios for achieving equality.
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Flake, Dallan F. "Individual, Family, and Community Risk Markers for Domestic Violence in Peru." Violence Against Women 11, no. 3 (March 2005): 353–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077801204272129.

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Stewart, Endya B. "Family- and Individual-Level Predictors of Academic Success for African American Students." Journal of Black Studies 36, no. 4 (March 2006): 597–621. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021934705276798.

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Jacob, J. "Work, Family, and Individual Factors Associated with Mothers Attaining Their Preferred Work Situations." Family and Consumer Sciences Research Journal 36, no. 3 (March 1, 2008): 208–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077727x07312820.

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Blaauboer, Marjolein. "Family Background, Individual Resources and the Homeownership of Couples and Singles." Housing Studies 25, no. 4 (July 2010): 441–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02673031003711493.

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Way, Wendy L., and Lori L. Bakken. "Call for Papers on the Significance of Community to Individual and Family Well-Being." Family and Consumer Sciences Research Journal 41, no. 1 (September 2012): 109–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1552-3934.2012.02133.x.

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Scholtz, Hanno. "Rational Choice Theory in Comparative Sociology." Comparative Sociology 14, no. 4 (October 13, 2015): 587–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15691330-12341359.

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Among schools of thought in comparative research, Rational Choice Theory (rct) is both the most systematic and the most contested. rct lacks a “classical” foundation but offers a clear internal theory structure. The rationality assumption contains an unquestioned heuristic aspect, although the determinants of choice (especially preferences) lack a universally accepted solution. The choice aspect addresses the understanding of social phenomena as the result of individual actions seen in light of the possible alternatives. This view unifies scholars in the Rational Choice tradition and leads to the macro-micro-macro-scheme. Micro-oriented comparative research has flourished through the availability of multi-level data sets in fields such as social capital theory, social stratification and mobility, including educational attainment or the inclusion of migrants, family studies, criminology, and labor markets. Institutional rct-based comparative research has addressed welfare states, religion, and general questions. In both aspects, rct leaves room for further productivity in comparative research.
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Divisenko, Konstantin S., Alexei E. Belov, and Olga V. Divisenko. "The Transfer of Religiousness in the Family from Parents to Children: An Analytical Review of Studies." Sociological Journal 24, no. 4 (2018): 75–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/socjour.2018.24.4.6098.

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The growing interest towards studying the impact of religion on various spheres of social life is reflected in quite large corpus of academic publications. Yet, the reproduction of religious identity on the level of individuals and small social groups is not much covered by Russian sociology of religion. The matter of the connection between religion and parenthood in Russian society becomes urgent due to the current transformations in Post-Soviet society: the first generation of believers is added and gradually being substituted by the second and third generations of believers. The representatives of these generations differ as it comes to the character of religious socialization that it is linked either to individual conversion or reproduction of religiosity. The given article represents the review of modern empirical studies of transmission of religion from parents to children. In our analysis we mostly refer to the results of foreign studies and are focused on the description of the results of reproduction of religiosity in family regardless of religious or confessional belonging. The analysis has indicated that family serves as one of the key agents of religious socialization of children and teenagers along with their peers and school. The review also focuses on the description of the factors that determine religiosity of children whose parents are believers. The authors also note the differences between religious and non-religious families are characterized relations between spouses and children, subjective wellbeing of children and styles of parenting. Attention is also paid to external factors determining family religiosity: cultural context, place and role of religion in society.
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Christopher, F. Scott, Diane C. Johnson, and Mark W. Roosa. "Family, individual, and social correlates of early Hispanic adolescent sexual expression." Journal of Sex Research 30, no. 1 (February 1993): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00224499309551678.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sociology, Individual and Family Studies"

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Martinez, Dora Molina 1958. "Counseling expectations in relation to acculturation in Mexican American clients." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278415.

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The present study investigated counseling expectations of Mexican American clients in relation to acculturation by conducting personal interviews with a convenient sample of ten Mexican American clients. Utilizing a qualitative approach, the information gathered through personal interviews was consolidated as well as presented verbatim-style, and to some extent, it was interpreted as deemed appropriate. The results of the data revealed that there were no great contrasts of expectations across the acculturation levels for this set of participants. There were indications that what was generally stated for one particular acculturation level also applied to other levels as well. An implication of this study was that knowledge of counseling expectations as well as how they affect the counseling process and whether these expectations are being met will provide the mental health community with necessary and useful information to enhance the continued development of effective interventions for the Mexican American client.
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Bruno, Denise Marie 1965. "The relationship of family of origin and codependency." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291811.

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The records of 160 patients from a dependency treatment center in Arizona were reviewed in an effort to substantiate the hypothesis that specific clusters of problems stand out as being characteristic of people seeking help for codependency. Research focused on family of origin and childhood experiences in relation to individual codependency levels. The presence of parent's chemical abuse, reported childhood physical and/or sexual abuse and identified dysfunctional family characteristics and each patient's DSM III diagnosis were recorded. Results were analyzed by comparing these variables to the patient's scored codependency level. The hypotheses were confirmed by the following findings: (1) As a subject's chemical dependency increases, codependency level decreases; (2) when sexual and physical abuse are reported, level of codependency increases; (3) as number of dysfunctional family of origin characteristics increase, codependency level increases; and (4) certain DSM III diagnoses related to level of codependency. An insignificant relationship was found between parent's chemical abuse and level of codependency indicating a null hypothesis.
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Gondoli, Dawn Marie 1962. "Dimensionality of three family assessment instruments: FAM, FES, and FACES." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291878.

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This research identifies the major dimensions exhibited across three self-report family assessment instruments: the FAM, FES and FACES. The instruments were administered to 138 families, consisting of a mother, father, and one child between 12-18 years old. Principal components analysis was used to identify dimensions across instruments. As dimensions were identified, correspondence across instruments was assessed. Results indicated that the instrument subscales could be organized along three factors, labeled Affect, Activities, and Control. Factor composition for different family members, although not identical, was highly similar. Results also indicated that there was relatively little correspondence across the three instruments. Lack of correspondence appeared to be largely caused by the limited dimensionality of the FACES and FAM. In contrast, the FES demonstrated greater range, contributing substantially to all three factors. Additionally, the obtained factors corresponded to the domains of the Family Environment Model: Relationships, Personal Growth, and System Maintenance.
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Dorsey, Vikki. "Impact of a family council intervention on owner knowledge and stewardship within a family business." Thesis, Pepperdine University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1587810.

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This mixed-methods study examined the impact of forming a family council on family owners' knowledge, commitment, and stewardship within a single family business. Data were gathered from six of the eight owners using survey and dialogue methods. The study provided evidence that family council interventions can indeed provide opportunities for family members to address unresolved family tensions and empower owners to work together productively. The intervention (a) helped members establish a strong foundation for future operation of the family council, (b) engendered greater family member engagement and stewardship, (c) created conditions for acknowledging and discussing family strengths and tensions, and (d) motivated members to take initiative moving forward. Longitudinal mixed-methods research using larger samples of multiple companies and larger ownership groups with varied levels of participation are recommended to extend these findings.

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Wynn, Colleen E. "Segregation, Turnover, and Neighborhood Connections| Assessing The Role of Family Structure." Thesis, State University of New York at Albany, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10830906.

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The main objective of this dissertation is to examine patterns of residential segregation, housing turnover, and neighborhood connection by race/ethnicity and family structure. Only two studies have examined residential outcomes by family structure, and both of these studies have focused on residential segregation and use cross-sectional data from the 2000 Decennial Census (Iceland et al. 2010; Marsh and Iceland 2010). In order to address these limitations, the current study asks two main research questions, (1) does family structure have a relationship with residential outcomes (residential segregation, housing turnover, and neighborhood connection) over and above race/ethnicity? And (2) does family structure have a relationship with residential outcomes (residential segregation, housing turnover, and neighborhood connection) in conjunction with race/ethnicity?

To address these questions, I perform three sets of analyses. The first uses the 1990, 2000, and 2010 Decennial Census data and 2006–2010 American Community Survey (ACS) data drawn from the Neighborhood Change Database (NCDB) and the National Historical Geographic Information System (NHGIS) to examine residential segregation between white, black, and Hispanic married-couple and female-headed families conducting Theil’s H and isolation index analyses. In addition to these aggregate-level segregation analyses, my dissertation examines segregation at the micro-level by exploring patterns of housing turnover for 12 family types, white, black, and Hispanic two-parent, female-headed, SALA, and extended family households using the 2007 to 2011 panels of the American Housing Survey (AHS). These analyses allow me to explore micro-level change that may take place even as aggregate-level segregation analyses remain consistent. Finally, my analyses consider the context in which families live by exploring neighborhood connection variation for families between white, black, and Hispanic married-couple, female-headed, SALA, cohabiting-couple, and extended-family households in the 2013 AHS. These analyses conceptualize neighborhood connection as collective efficacy (measures of social cohesion and social control).

Overall, I find race/ethnicity to be the most salient factor in predicting residential outcomes, but that family structure plays an important role and should be considered in future analyses. My results suggest white married-couple families are most advantaged in the housing market, and that they likely use this relative advantage to access the “best” neighborhoods and may be restricting the access of other white family types as well as minority families. This self- segregation by white married-couple families, in conjunction with an avoidance of black female- headed families, maintains residential segregation, constrains housing turnover to generally “like” households (those of the same race/ethnicity and family structure), and results in variation in neighborhood connection with white married-couple families having relatively greater social cohesion, and black female-headed families having the lowest social cohesion scores.

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Beck, Connie Jean Allen. "Family mediation myths and facts." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/288929.

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Because of the many problems associated with litigating family disputes, mediation has been proposed as an alternative. Its proponents, claiming wide-ranging benefits for both the litigants and the legal system, have had tremendous success in advancing mediation in social policy. Because of the significant growth in the use of mediation across the country, this dissertation critically assesses the validity of its claimed benefits. The dissertation first considers the role of pro se representation and its potential consequences for evaluating mediation because of the increased use of pro se representation in divorce cases. The dissertation then describes mediation and the range of mediation practices that exists in this country. Because mediation varies considerably program to program and jurisdiction to jurisdiction, it is difficult to draw definitive conclusions across programs or jurisdictions. Therefore, another approach is used to assess the rationality of mediation laws--namely, evaluating the validity of the behavioral assumptions (e.g., presumed benefits) underlying these laws (Sales, 1983). The dissertation then articulates the goals attributed to the mediation process, litigants, and the legal system, identifies the behavioral assumptions underlying those goals, and critically reviews the social science data and theory that have directly tested the validity of the goals and assumptions or are indirectly relevant to the analysis. It is argued that the goals of divorce mediation may have been and may be unrealistic. The dissertation concludes by discussing the limits of current findings and suggesting future research to address these concerns.
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Picard-Lessard, Michelle. "The role of on-site daycare in helping parents balance work and family responsibilities." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/9735.

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The present study focused on employed parents with preschool children attending a licensed daycare centre. There were two purposes to this study: (1) to compare parental functioning in users of on-site and off-site daycare, and (2) to examine the relationship between child care variables and parental functioning. Sixty six employed parents with preschool children completed the study (48 mothers and 18 fathers). Parents were recruited from nine workplace daycare centres that serviced employees first (on-site group), and then community members (off-site groups). Measures assessing work attitudes, individual, family, and work-family functioning, child care variables, and demographic data were obtained twice over a span of six months. Parents in the on-site group also took part in a semi-structured interview at both assessment times. Results of multivariate analyses on the questionnaire data yielded no significant differences between users of on-site daycare and users of off-site daycare on any of the dependent variables at either assessment time and no group by time interaction. Content analyses of the interview data indicated that parents believe that on-site daycare helps them balance work and family responsibilities. According to parents, on-site daycare is convenient, it allows them to spend more time with their children, it reduces their travel time and work disruptions, increases their availability at work, and improve their work environment. However, data from these interviews also suggested that the quality of child care may be more important in helping parents balance work and family responsibilities than is the location of the centre. Multiple regression analyses on the questionnaire data further underlined the importance of child care in relation to parental functioning. The results indicated that having primary responsibility for child care and the experience of difficulties with child care was related to perceived stress and role overload. High levels of work-child care conflict were negatively related to parental satisfaction, and satisfaction with child care arrangement was positively related to parental satisfaction. Taken together, these findings underscore the importance of considering child care in the context of balancing work and family responsibilities.
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Wilhelm, Brenda Kay. "Entry into first marriage or cohabitation: Effects of childhood family structure in a changing world." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/283997.

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I extend the literature on the long-term effects of growing up in a single parent family by investigating patterns of entry into co-residential relationships. I address three primary questions: (1) what are the effects of family structure growing up, particularly time spent with a single parent, on entry into first marriage or cohabitation; (2) how do these effects vary depending on the type of disruption experienced, the age of the child when the disruption occurs, the number of years spent in a single parent home, the sex of the single parent and whether a parental remarriage occurred; and (3) how do the effects of growing up in a single parent home vary over cohort as the experience became one more commonly experienced? I investigate these issues within a life course perspective, along with mid-level explanations--including childhood socialization, social control, instability and change and economic. I also use cohort theories of social change to understand changes over time in the relationship between family structure growing up and relationship formation. Using data from the National Survey of Family and Households, I employ partial likelihood hazard models to address the above questions. The results indicate people who grew up in a single parent family tend to either accelerate or delay marriage and cohabitation, relative to the union-formation timing of their two-parent peers. The magnitude and direction of effects depends on specific aspects of family structure growing up--whether the single parent was a mother or a father, whether the custodial mother remarried, whether time spent with a single parent was in childhood or adulthood and whether there were multiple family structure transitions over the course of childhood and adolescence. The specific findings lend support primarily to the socialization and instability explanations, but do not support the social control explanation. As single parenthood became more common over the course of this century, the effects of family structure on marriage timing appears to be changing as well. The effects on early marriage largely remain but the effects on delayed marriage, compared to those from two-parent families, has generally declined.
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Geoffroy, Dominique. "What are the roots of the socioeconomic gradient in smoking? The role of social contexts during adolescence." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=103621.

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The relationship between SES and adolescent smoking has been documented in the past literature; however the roots of the inverse socio-economic gradient remain unclear. Using longitudinal data that was collected from 10 high schools in the Montreal region between 1999 and 2004, the analyses test 'neighborhood median income' and 'parental education' to explain four smoking outcomes at smoking onset, notably "need to smoke prior to daily smoking", a novel variable which attempts to capture Tobacco Dependence rather than Nicotine Dependence. Some mediating variables were also informative in providing reasons why adolescents start smoking and progress toward a more intense consumption. It was hypothesized that teenagers from low socioeconomic status (SES) had greater likelihood to smoke than others. The results showed that SES matters differently according to gender. Unexpectedly, boys were more likely to present a positive relationship as those from high income neighborhoods initiated smoking in greater proportions than those from less privileged areas; whereas contrastingly for girls, as expected, those from low income districts had higher probabilities to start smoking. Furthermore, the respondents from highly educated families were less likely to report mediating factors or to smoke because of these positive endorsements. In attempt to prevent smoking among adolescents and young adults, educational and public policies are suggested. In addition, in order to better explain the inverse social gradient in smoking, future research evaluating the interactional effect between SES and risk factors is needed. Finally, researchers may also engage into a follow-up discussion over the five-step phases of the decisional process that is proposed in this thesis; it would contribute to a better understanding of the forces that are at play when individuals initiate a behavior at-risk for developing a state of dependence.
La relation entre le statut socio-économique et le tabagisme à l'adolescence a déjà été documentée par le passé; par contre, les facteurs expliquant l'origine du gradient inversé demeurent inconnus. Grâce à des données longitudinales qui ont suivi la même cohorte d'étudiants provenant de 10 écoles différentes de la région de Montréal entre 1999 et 2004, des analyses testent l'effet du 'revenu médian du quartier de résidence' et du niveau d'éducation des parents pour expliquer quatre variables dépendantes expliquant différents niveaux d'usage du tabac, notamment une nouveauté, le besoin de fumer avant le début d'une consommation quotidienne dans le but de distinguer la dépendance au tabac à celle de la nicotine. Ces médiateurs sont particulièrement éclairants et indiquent les raisons pour lesquelles les adolescents commencent à fumer et progressent vers une consommation plus intensive. Les hypothèses présument que les jeunes dont le statut socio-économique (SES) est bas sont plus à risque que les autres de fumer. Les résultats démontrent que le SES agit différemment selon le sexe. De façon non-prévue, les garçons qui demeurent dans les districts plus affluents sont plus enclins de fumer que les autres; alors que contrairement pour les filles, tel qu'anticipé, ce sont celles des quartiers les plus pauvres qui présentent les plus grandes probabilités de fumer. De plus, les répondants provenant des familles les plus éduquées sont moins enclins de rapporter des facteurs médiateurs ou de fumer à cause de ces derniers. Des recherches futures évaluant les interactions entre le SES et les variables médiatrices sont nécessaires afin de mieux expliquer la formation du gradient inversé. Afin de prévenir le tabagisme auprès des adolescents et des jeunes adultes, des stratégies éducationnelles et publiques sont proposées. De plus, dans le but de mieux comprendre le gradient social inversé, les recherches futures devront se concentrer sur l'effet interactionnel entre le statut socio-économiques et les facteurs à risque. Finalement, les chercheurs peuvent poursuivre la discussion sur les cinq phases du processus décisionnel qui est proposé dans cette thèse; cela permettrait de mieux comprendre les forces qui sont en jeu lorsque les individus s'initient à une activité pour laquelle, il y a un risque de dépendance.
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Henderson, Kathryn A. "Do workplace structures matter? a cross-cohort analysis of mothers' labor market participation and choice of child care arrangements /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3182621.

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Books on the topic "Sociology, Individual and Family Studies"

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Kephart, William M. The family, society, and the individual. 7th ed. New York, NY: HarperCollins, 1991.

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Davor, Jedlicka, ed. The family, society, and the individual. 6th ed. New York: Harper & Row, 1988.

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Matcha, Duane Allan. DETERMINANTS OF DISENGAGEMENT AMONG NURSING HOME RESIDENTS (ACTIVITY, THEORY, SATISFACTION). 1985.

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Freedman, Vicki Ann. AVERTING NURSING HOME CARE: THE ROLE OF FAMILY STRUCTURE. 1993.

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Clarke, Egerton. FAMILY TIES BETWEEN NURSING HOME RESIDENTS AND THEIR RELATIVES: A COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE. 1993.

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Rubin-Terrado, Marilyn Ann. SOCIAL SUPPORTS AND LIFE SATISFACTION OF OLDER CHILDLESS WOMEN AND MOTHERS LIVING IN NURSING HOMES (WOMEN ELDERLY). 1994.

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Mays, Rose Margaret. FAMILY ADAPTATION TO UNWED ADOLESCENT PARENTHOOD: THE RELATIONSHIPS OF FAMILY STRESSORS, SOCIAL SUPPORT AND COPING STRATEGIES TO FAMILY SATISFACTION AND INFANT IMMUNIZATION STATUS. 1987.

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Carson, Paula Penelopy. HEAD INJURY SURVIVORSHIP: THE FAMILY EXPERIENCE. 1992.

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Cosbey, Janet. LETTING GO: HOW CAREGIVERS MAKE THE DECISION FOR NURSING HOME PLACEMENT. 1994.

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Omar, Mildred A. RELATIONSHIP OF FAMILY PROCESSES TO FAMILY LIFE SATISFACTION IN STEPFAMILIES AND BIOLOGICAL FAMILIES DURING PREGNANCY. 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Sociology, Individual and Family Studies"

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Oris, Michel, Marie Baeriswyl, and Andreas Ihle. "The Life Course Construction of Inequalities in Health and Wealth in Old Age." In Handbook of Active Ageing and Quality of Life, 97–109. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58031-5_5.

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AbstractIn this contribution, we will mobilize the interdisciplinary life course paradigm to consider the processes through which individual heterogeneity in health and wealth is constructed all along life, from the cradle to old age. Considering altogether historical, family and individual times, the life course perspective has been developed in sociology, (lifespan) psychology and epidemiology, and has framed many important studies during the last four decades. The theory of cumulative disadvantage is for sure the most popular in social sciences, explaining how little inter-individual differences early in life expand all along life to reach maximal amplitude among the “young old” (before the selection by differential mortality at very old age). In lifespan psychology, the theory of cognitive reserve (educational level being a proxy) and its continuation, the theory of use or disuse (of cognition during adult life) have more or less the same explanatory power, cognition being a decisive precondition for active ageing and quality of life in old age. However, in spite of the success of those theoretical bodies, a prominent figure in the field, Glen Elder, recently observed that there is surprisingly little evidence for cumulative processes and that a wide variety of model specifications remain completely untested. This finding makes even more important a critical review of the literature which summarize several robust evidences, but also discuss contradictory results and suggest promising research tracks. This exercise considers the life course construction of inequalities in the distribution of objective resources older adults have (or not) “to live the life they own value” (to quote A. Sen 2001). But it is also crucial to consider the subjective component that is inherent to the understanding of well-being.
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Thomson, Elizabeth, and Jani Turunen. "Alternating Homes – A New Family Form – The Family Sociology Perspective." In European Studies of Population, 21–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68479-2_2.

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AbstractIn this chapter, we identify structural features of families with shared physical custody that differ from those of nuclear families or those of families where one parent has sole physical custody, and discuss the implications for family and kin relationships. We pay particular attention to the ways in which shared physical custody alters the gendered nature of parenting and kinship. We argue that the structural features of shared physical custody create distinct contexts for parent-child and sibling relationships and produce differences in shared understandings of obligations between family members. The unique context for relationships and obligations together constitute a new family form. Our analysis generates an agenda for future research on the nature and consequences of shared physical custody.
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Ntoimo, Lorretta Favour C., Clifford O. Odimegwu, and Christiana A. Alex-Ojei. "Tobacco Use Among Men in Sub-Saharan Africa: Does Family Structure Matter?" In Studies in the Sociology of Population, 343–61. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94869-0_14.

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Moras, Amanda, Constance Shehan, and Felix M. Berardo. "African American Families: Historical and Contemporary Forces Shaping Family Life and Studies." In Handbooks of Sociology and Social Research, 91–107. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76757-4_6.

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Chung, Heejung. "Company-Level Family Policies: Who Has Access to It and What Are Some of Its Outcomes?" In The Palgrave Handbook of Family Policy, 535–73. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54618-2_21.

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AbstractDespite the increase in the number of studies that examine the cross-national variation in the policy configuration that allow a better work–family integration, very few look beyond the national levels. It is also crucial to examine occupational level welfare since companies may restrict or expand the existing national-level regulations, defining the “final availability” workers actually have toward various arrangements. In addition, companies may provide various additional arrangements through occupational policies which are not set out in the national-level agreements that are crucial in addressing reconciliation needs of workers. This chapter examines what types of arrangements are provided at the company level to address work–family demands of workers. It further provides a synthesis of studies that examine both national-level contexts and individual-level characteristics that explain who gets access to company-level family-friendly policies, which is linked to the possible outcomes of these policies.
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Erlinghagen, Marcel, Andreas Ette, Norbert F. Schneider, and Nils Witte. "Between Origin and Destination: German Migrants and the Individual Consequences of Their Global Lives." In IMISCOE Research Series, 3–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67498-4_1.

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AbstractDuring the twentieth century, international migration was mainly understood as immigration into economically highly developed welfare states. This has changed over the course of recent decades because these countries are meanwhile also understood as important sources of international mobility. Whereas international mobility experiences have potentially far-reaching consequences for social inequalities and life chances, migration studies have only little experience in analysing international migration from those economically highly developed welfare states. This introduction frames the chapters in this volume that contribute to fill this gap by examining the individual consequences of global lives not only as a question of migrants’ integration into receiving societies (destination). Rather, the consequences of international mobility are also studied by comparing migrants with the non-mobile population of the country of origin (origin) and as results of specific trajectories (migration) in individual life courses during the migration process (Destination-Origin-Migration Approach). The introduction also provides an overview of how this approach is utilised by the different chapters of the book, all based on the German Emigration and Remigration Panel Study (GERPS), which provides a comprehensive empirical basis for studying the consequences of international migration along four dimensions of the life course: employment and social mobility, partner and family, wellbeing and health, as well as friends and social integration.
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Ryndyk, Oleksandr, Brigitte Suter, and Gunhild Odden. "Welfare and Mobility: Migrants’ Experiences of Social Welfare Protection in Transnational and Translocal Spaces." In IMISCOE Research Series, 1–13. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67615-5_1.

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AbstractAs migrants throughout the world make important contributions to their families’ social welfare, migration often implies changes in the ways in which individual’s and families’ needs for economic and social-welfare protection are met. This book contributes to the existing literature on transnational mobility and social protection by bringing in empirical evidence from across the globe which illustrates the multitude of mechanisms in which welfare concerns shape individual and family decisions about mobility and vice versa. By focusing on individuals, households and families rather than on nation states, the book’s contributors distance themselves from the macro and nation-state level of analysis in the field of migration and welfare research. Despite the emphasis on migrants’ subjective rationalities, the book’s chapters often highlight the political nature of many dilemmas faced by migrants and their families and expose national-welfare systems’ inherent sedentary bias. This book is designed for a broad range of audiences, from established scholars and policy-makers to graduate students of Sociology, Political Science, Anthropology and Human Geography who are interested in transnational mobility and social protection. We hope that the readers will find the contributions to this book insightful and valuable for their understanding of migrants’ experiences of social-welfare protection in a globalised world.
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Lang, Frédéric, Radu Mateescu, and Franco Mazzanti. "Sharp Congruences Adequate with Temporal Logics Combining Weak and Strong Modalities." In Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems, 57–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45237-7_4.

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Abstract We showed in a recent paper that, when verifying a modal $$\mu $$-calculus formula, the actions of the system under verification can be partitioned into sets of so-called weak and strong actions, depending on the combination of weak and strong modalities occurring in the formula. In a compositional verification setting, where the system consists of processes executing in parallel, this partition allows us to decide whether each individual process can be minimized for either divergence-preserving branching (if the process contains only weak actions) or strong (otherwise) bisimilarity, while preserving the truth value of the formula. In this paper, we refine this idea by devising a family of bisimilarity relations, named sharp bisimilarities, parameterized by the set of strong actions. We show that these relations have all the nice properties necessary to be used for compositional verification, in particular congruence and adequacy with the logic. We also illustrate their practical utility on several examples and case-studies, and report about our success in the RERS 2019 model checking challenge.
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Brooks, Rachel, Jessie Abrahams, Predrag Lažetić, Achala Gupta, and Sazana Jayadeva. "Access to and Experiences of Higher Education Across Europe: The Impact of Social Characteristics." In European Higher Education Area: Challenges for a New Decade, 197–209. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56316-5_14.

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Abstract Policymakers across Europe have increasingly emphasised the importance of paying close attention to the social dimension of higher education and taking further steps to ensure that the composition of Europe’s universities more adequately reflects the diversity of the wider population. While there have been a number of studies that have explored this through analyses of European- and national-level policy and others that have assessed a range of quantitative indicators related to student diversity, this chapter assumes, in contrast, an interpretivist stance; it is interested in the perspectives of those studying and working ‘on the ground’ within the European Higher Education Area. Specifically, we seek to answer this research question: To what extent do students and staff, across Europe, believe that higher education access and experiences are differentiated by social characteristics (such as class/family background, race/ethnicity/migration background, gender and age)? In doing so, we draw on data from a large European Research Council-funded project, including 54 focus groups with undergraduate students (a total of 295 individuals) and 72 in-depth individual interviews with members of higher education staff (both academic and non-academic). Fieldwork was conducted in three higher education institutions in each of the following countries: Denmark, UK-England, Germany, Ireland, Poland and Spain—nations chosen to provide diversity with respect to welfare regime, relationship to the European Union and mechanisms for funding higher education. We explore commonalities and differences between staff and students and between different countries, before identifying some implications for policymakers keen to promote further social inclusion within Europe’s higher education institutions (HEIs).
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Pfeffer, Carla A., and Natalie N. Castañeda. "Trans Partnership and Marriage." In LGBTQ Divorce and Relationship Dissolution, edited by Abbie E. Goldberg and Adam P. Romero, 287–311. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190635176.003.0016.

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This chapter offers a broad survey of existing research on trans individuals and partnerships conducted across the disciplines and professions of counseling, family studies, medicine, psychology, social work, sociology, and women’s and gender studies, with the goal of assessing and distilling factors associated with the stability and instability of relationships in which at least one of the members is trans. This chapter also provides an assessment of key sources of support and strain for trans partnerships as identified by researchers or that deserve further research exploration. Finally, the authors identify a number of researcher assumptions and biases that may cloud the interpretation of some research findings and outcomes in trans people’s partnerships, suggesting avenues for further focus in clinical practice and research.
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Conference papers on the topic "Sociology, Individual and Family Studies"

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Banovcinova, Andrea. "IMPORTANCE OF THE FAMILY IN THE SOCIALIZATION PROCESS OF AN INDIVIDUAL." In SGEM 2014 Scientific SubConference on PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY, SOCIOLOGY AND HEALTHCARE, EDUCATION. Stef92 Technology, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2014/b12/s2.052.

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Mars Aicart, María del Lidón, Tomás Ruiz Sánchez, and María Rosa Arroyo López. "QUALITATIVE RESEARCH IN TRAVEL BEHAVIOR STUDIES." In CIT2016. Congreso de Ingeniería del Transporte. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/cit2016.2016.4268.

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Qualitative methodology is extensively used in a wide range of scientific areas, such as Sociology and Psychology, and it is been used to study individual and household decision making processes. However, in the Transportation Planning and Engineering domain it is still infrequent to find in the travel behavior literature studies using qualitative techniques to explore activity-travel decisions. The aim of this paper is first, to provide an overview of the types of qualitative techniques available and to explore how to correctly implement them. Secondly, to highlight the special characteristics of qualitative methods that make them appropriate to study activity-travel decision processes. Far from been an unempirical or intuitive methodology, using qualitative methods properly implies a strong foundation on theoretical frameworks, a careful design of data collection and a deep data analysis. For such a purpose, a review of the scarce activity-travel behavior literature using qualitative methods, or a combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches, is presented. The use of qualitative techniques can play a role of being a supplementary way of obtaining information related to activity-travel decisions which otherwise it would be extremely difficult to find. This work ends with some conclusions about how qualitative research could help in making progress on activity-travel behavior studies.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.4268
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Jourdan-Ionescu, Colette, Serban Ionescu, Francine Julien-Gauthier, Michael Cantinotti, Sara-Jeanne Boulanger, Dieudonné Kayiranga, Liette St-Pierre, et al. "Fostering the resilience of graduate students." In Seventh International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head21.2021.13006.

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This paper originates from research carried out by an international team of university professors interested in protective factors promoting the resilience of graduate students, in particular regarding the student-supervisor relationship. Following a literature review on the subject, the paper presents the resilience factors affecting the student and those relating to the supervisor. The main factors that appear to promote the resilience of graduate students are individual, family and environmental protective factors (as gender, temperament, cultural background, personal history of schooling, motivation, family support, being childless, wealth of the social support network, means offered by the supervisor and the university). For the supervisor, the main protective factors appear to be individual (experience, style and role assumed towards the student, support the student’s empowerment as his/her schooling progresses). The reciprocal adjustment throughout the studies between the supervisor and the student appears essential to promote their tuning for the resilience and the success in the graduate studies.
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Siddique, Zahed, and Yanjiang Zhou. "Automatic Generation of Product Family Member CAD Models Supported by a Platform Using a Template Approach." In ASME 2002 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2002/cie-34407.

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Current global markets are volatile, where companies are striving to deliver greater quality, more customization, faster response, more innovative designs and lower prices. New models need to be introduced in the market more frequently, which has given momentum for designing family of products. Development of family of Products using a platform approach requires making decisions regarding platform selection and trade-off studies, which require analysis and evaluation of performance for the entire family instead of an individual products. One of the first steps in performing these activities require development of solid models for the entire family quickly and automatically as platform and family member configurations and size are changed. This paper presents an approach to automatically generate CAD models for a family of products. In the approach, a product family template that integrates configuration and parametric design information is presented. The template is implemented in the developed Product Family CAD (PF-CAD) module for Pro/E. A coffeemaker product family is used as a case study to automatically generate solid models of product family members from customer input.
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Przewiezlikowska, Anna. "Analysis of Land Markets Intended for Single-Family Housing for Different Suburban Areas." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.232.

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The aim of this article is the comparative description of two real estate markets based on the procedures for real property valuation. The study concerned only the land, which was undeveloped, intended for single-family housing in two communes located in the district of Krakow and three communes from the district of Kielce. The analyses were performed at four-year intervals and the comparison of the real estate markets was conducted. The first part contains the description of the areas covered by the research studies and the analyses of the real estate market and market trends. The next stage includes the descriptions of the two test real properties which are the subject of valuation and the fundamental comparative criterion. Then, the algorithms and methods of the calculations are presented. The practical part contains the description of individual markets, the implementation of the analyses and calculations, the comparison of the study areas and conclusions. The comparative analysis of the performed simulations of valuations was carried out first and then followed by a collective summary of descriptive statistics of all the real estate bases and the comparative description of the structures of the databases showing meaningful differences between Krakow and Kielce region.
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Srinivasan, Anand, Asli Sahin, Janis P. Terpenny, Timothy W. Simpson, Soundar R. T. Kumara, Steven B. Shooter, and Robert B. Stone. "Online Case Studies and a Process Description for Product Platform Planning." In ASME 2005 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2005-85338.

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Product Platform Planning is an emerging philosophy that calls for the planned development and deployment of families of related products. It is markedly different from the traditional product development process, which focuses on optimized designs for individual products. This is a relatively new development in engineering design, which is not typically a part of an engineer’s education. Furthermore, it is different from traditional engineering topics in that it requires an integration of principles from both management and engineering design. All this makes for a new and different topic for which educational material needs to be developed. To address these needs, an online resource has been developed. This resource includes a set of three cases, a tutorial, and a glossary in a multimedia format hosted on the Internet. The tutorial developed for the website presents the basic concepts as well as current research on planning and architecting families of products. The case study section has three cases based on a family of popular power tools. The cases present information in the form of function diagrams, assembly diagrams, customer needs and market-segment data. Links are provided to helpful sites, as well as to relevant sections in the tutorial. Although product platform planning is a relatively new development, a variety of approaches have been used by the research community and practitioners in industry. A need was felt for a comprehensive, coherent source of knowledge in this field on which to base the case studies, and also as a means to providing a single source of information to users of this resource. Accordingly, a literature review was conducted and an overall process description was developed. This paper presents and describes the online learning resource which was developed. In addition, the literature review and the process description of platform planning that were developed are also detailed.
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Durna, Ufuk, and Ali Babayiğit. "Impact on Organizational Commitment of Attitudes towards Work-Life Balance of Employees." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c06.01235.

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Work and family environment is the areas that individuals spend most of their time and gives the most importance comparatively. Despite the rules, different and perceived thoughts and behavior patterns they have, these fields represent the area continually interacting with each other. Work and family is two most important elements in every person’s life. For this reason, individuals have certain roles in their work and family life. These roles are the most significant roles undertaken in their lives. They have to strike a balance to play the roles in their work and family life and to get the expected yield. Work and life balance is the most important aim for individuals and family members interacting each other in work and family life. Having a balance in work and life is significant not only for working individual but also for the society he lives. Today, the subject how the expectations on work and private life can be balanced has become a specific discipline because of the radical changes on the responsibilities related to work and family. Examining the previous studies, it is seen that workers can’t achieve a healthy balance between work and private life and as a result they can’t work efficiently and can’t allow time to their families. Therefore, they face individually organizational and environmental problems. In this paper, the significance of the balance from the point of individuals and organizations and the extent of influence on work and family balance to employee’s organizational commitment will be studied.
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Butryn, Krzysztof, and Edward Prewedausz. "The Primary Market of Parking Places against the Background of the Primary Housing Market and Planning Policy on the Example of Krakow." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.178.

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A decision taken on the primary market of real estate in parallel with the decision to purchase a dwelling, it is often the purchase of a parking space. As part of this work there were presented forms of providing space for parking, mostly encountered in practice. In the following, there were carried out the characterization of the primary market of parking spaces on the example of Krakow. There was made an attempt to indicate the potential attributes of price-setting for the valuation of the unit value of the discussed objects. Studies have shown that the price of parking spaces are formed in a different way than the market for residential and largely depend on individual factors, dependent on the sales policy developers. There were also indicated the difficulties that meets a real estate appraiser, whose task is to measure the market value of the parking space. The analysis also included the resolutions of existing planning documents in shaping the requirements for the number of parking spaces for multi-family residential areas in Krakow. Overview of planning documents from the Krakow, points to trends in the rules of applicable local spatial management plans in relation to the required number of parking spaces for newly established housing investment. At the same time in most parts of the city there is no planning guidelines regarding the subject matter.
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Wan, Qiaoqiao, Eunhye Cho, Seungman Park, Bumsoo Han, Hiroki Yokota, and Sungsoo Na. "Visualizing Chondrocyte Mechanotransduction in 3D." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14484.

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Chondrocytes are the only cell type present in the articular cartilage and their response to mechanical stimuli influences the maintenance and remodeling of the cartilage. Numerous studies have shown that the balance between anabolic and catabolic responses of the chondrocytes to mechanical loading is dependent on the loading intensities (reviewed in ref. [1]). Moderate, physiological loading, for instance, increases synthetic activity of the extracellular matrix (ECM) such as collagen type II, aggrecan, and proteoglycan, while decreasing the catabolic activity of degradative enzymes such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and ADAMTS (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) [2,3]. In contrast to moderate loading, static or high-intensity loading has been shown to degrade the cartilage resulting from inhibition of matrix synthesis and up-regulation of catabolic activities [3,4]. Therefore, the importance of these load-dependent signaling pathways involved in the maintenance and remodeling of the cartilage is widely accepted. However, the underlying mechanisms as to how varying magnitudes of mechanical stimuli trigger differential signaling activities that consequently lead to selective gene expression are not clear. FAK and Src are considered to be the main mechanotransduction signaling proteins at the cell-ECM adhesion sites and their activities influence various structural and signaling changes within the cell, including cytoskeletal organization, migration, proliferation, differentiation, and survival [5]. Accumulating evidence has shown that Src and FAK play crucial roles in regulating cartilage maintenance and degeneration and their activation stimulates matrix catabolic genes and activity [6,7]. Rho family GTPases such as RhoA and Rac1 play critical roles in fundamental processes including morphogenesis, polarity, movement, and cell division [8]. They also contribute to cartilage development and degradation [9,10]. Despite these studies, much remains to be elucidated on how load-induced Src and FAK participate in chondrocyte functions, and how their interactions are linked and regulated in connection to the activities of RhoA and Rac1 under different loading conditions. In this study, we use fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based biosensors to monitor activities of Src and FAK as well as individual GTPases and evaluate the potential linkage of a network of these signaling molecules under different loading conditions.
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Lottenberg, R., and J. A. Hall. "EVALUATION OF PLASMINOGEN IN HYPERCOAGULABLE PATIENTS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644837.

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Sixty seven patients with spontaneous or recurrent thrombosis without obvious underlying disorders were evaluated for plasminogen abnormalities. The mean age was 33.5 years. Fifty seven had venous thrombosis, five had arterial thrombosis and five had both venous and arterial events. Seventeen patients had family members with a history of similar thrombotic events. The plasminogen antigen concentration, by Laurell immunoelectrophoresis, for the patient group was 104± 19% (62-156) compared to 102±11% (83-122) for normal controls (n=24). By amidolytic assay of plasminogen-streptokinase complexes, the activity was proportionate to the antigenic concentration for each individual. Two patients had plasminogen levels (62%, 67%) lower than 2 standard deviations of the mean. Functional alpha2-antiplasmin levels were the same for the patients (102±11%) and the controls (101±16%). Plasminogen activation in undiluted plasma was assessed by a coupled amidolytic assay using urokinase (60 IU/ml) and H-D-val-leu-lys-pNA. The mean substrate hydrolysis rate for the patient group was 1.35±0.52 10−3 absorbance units/min/min (0.56−2.75) compared to 1.32±0.27 10−3 absorbance units/min/min (0.84-−1.99) for the controls (n=34). Three patients with normal plasminogen levels had consistently low activation rates (0.56, 0.57, 0.65). Inhibition of urokinase and plasmin activity was not increased. Histidine-rich glycoprotein levels were not elevated. Electrophoretic, chromatographic and kinetic analysis of the isolated plasminogens revealed no abnormalities. To assess the high affinity lysine binding site, 40 uM epsilon aminocaproic acid was added to plasma while the change in the plasminogen activation rate relative to baseline was observed; no abnormalities were disclosed in either the patient or control populations.In summary, two patients had significantly reduced levels of normally functioning plasminogen. Dysfunctional plasminogen was not identified in this population. We conclude that plasminogen abnormalities infrequently explain hypercoagulability. These studies also suggest that plasminogen status can be adequately evaluated by determining the antigenic concentration and functional activity of plasminogen-streptokinase complexes.
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Reports on the topic "Sociology, Individual and Family Studies"

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Nagahi, Morteza, Raed Jaradat, Mohammad Nagahisarchoghaei, Ghodsieh Ghanbari, Sujan Poudyal, and Simon Goerger. Effect of individual differences in predicting engineering students' performance : a case of education for sustainable development. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40700.

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The academic performance of engineering students continues to receive attention in the literature. Despite that, there is a lack of studies in the literature investigating the simultaneous relationship between students' systems thinking (ST) skills, Five-Factor Model (FFM) personality traits, proactive personality scale, academic, demographic, family background factors, and their potential impact on academic performance. Three established instruments, namely, ST skills instrument with seven dimensions, FFM traits with five dimensions, and proactive personality with one dimension, along with a demographic survey, have been administrated for data collection. A cross-sectional web-based study applying Qualtrics has been developed to gather data from engineering students. To demonstrate the prediction power of the ST skills, FFM traits, proactive personality, academic, demographics, and family background factors on the academic performance of engineering students, two unsupervised learning algorithms applied. The study results identify that these unsupervised algorithms succeeded to cluster engineering students' performance regarding primary skills and characteristics. In other words, the variables used in this study are able to predict the academic performance of engineering students. This study also has provided significant implications and contributions to engineering education and education sustainable development bodies of knowledge. First, the study presents a better perception of engineering students' academic performance. The aim is to assist educators, teachers, mentors, college authorities, and other involved parties to discover students' individual differences for a more efficient education and guidance environment. Second, by a closer examination at the level of systemic thinking and its connection with FFM traits, proactive personality, academic, and demographic characteristics, understanding engineering students' skillset would be assisted better in the domain of sustainable education.
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Gordon, Eleanor, and Briony Jones. Building Success in Development and Peacebuilding by Caring for Carers: A Guide to Research, Policy and Practice to Ensure Effective, Inclusive and Responsive Interventions. University of Warwick Press, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31273/978-1-911675-00-6.

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The experiences and marginalisation of international organisation employees with caring responsibilities has a direct negative impact on the type of security and justice being built in conflict-affected environments. This is in large part because international organisations fail to respond to the needs of those with caring responsibilities, which leads to their early departure from the field, and negatively affects their work while in post. In this toolkit we describe this problem, the exacerbating factors, and challenges to overcoming it. We offer a theory of change demonstrating how caring for carers can both improve the working conditions of employees of international organisations as well as the effectiveness, inclusivity and responsiveness of peace and justice interventions. This is important because it raises awareness among employers in the sector of the severity of the problem and its consequences. We also offer a guide for employers for how to take the caring responsibilities of their employees into account when developing human resource policies and practices, designing working conditions and planning interventions. Finally, we underscore the importance of conducting research on the gendered impacts of the marginalisation of employees with caring responsibilities, not least because of the breadth and depth of resultant individual, organisational and sectoral harms. In this regard, we also draw attention to the way in which gender stereotypes and gender biases not only inform and undermine peacebuilding efforts, but also permeate research in this field. Our toolkit is aimed at international organisation employees, employers and human resources personnel, as well as students and scholars of peacebuilding and international development. We see these communities of knowledge and action as overlapping, with insights to be brought to bear as well as challenges to be overcome in this area. The content of the toolkit is equally relevant across these knowledge communities as well as between different specialisms and disciplines. Peacebuilding and development draw in experts from economics, politics, anthropology, sociology and law, to name but a few. The authors of this toolkit have come together from gender studies, political science, and development studies to develop a theory of change informed by interdisciplinary insights. We hope, therefore, that this toolkit will be useful to an inclusive and interdisciplinary set of knowledge communities. Our core argument - that caring for carers benefits the individual, the sectors, and the intended beneficiaries of interventions - is relevant for students, researchers, policy makers and practitioners alike.
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Downes, Jane, ed. Chalcolithic and Bronze Age Scotland: ScARF Panel Report. Society for Antiquaries of Scotland, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.184.

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The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under five key headings:  Building the Scottish Bronze Age: Narratives should be developed to account for the regional and chronological trends and diversity within Scotland at this time. A chronology Bronze Age Scotland: ScARF Panel Report iv based upon Scottish as well as external evidence, combining absolute dating (and the statistical modelling thereof) with re-examined typologies based on a variety of sources – material cultural, funerary, settlement, and environmental evidence – is required to construct a robust and up to date framework for advancing research.  Bronze Age people: How society was structured and demographic questions need to be imaginatively addressed including the degree of mobility (both short and long-distance communication), hierarchy, and the nature of the ‘family’ and the ‘individual’. A range of data and methodologies need to be employed in answering these questions, including harnessing experimental archaeology systematically to inform archaeologists of the practicalities of daily life, work and craft practices.  Environmental evidence and climate impact: The opportunity to study the effects of climatic and environmental change on past society is an important feature of this period, as both palaeoenvironmental and archaeological data can be of suitable chronological and spatial resolution to be compared. Palaeoenvironmental work should be more effectively integrated within Bronze Age research, and inter-disciplinary approaches promoted at all stages of research and project design. This should be a two-way process, with environmental science contributing to interpretation of prehistoric societies, and in turn, the value of archaeological data to broader palaeoenvironmental debates emphasised. Through effective collaboration questions such as the nature of settlement and land-use and how people coped with environmental and climate change can be addressed.  Artefacts in Context: The Scottish Chalcolithic and Bronze Age provide good evidence for resource exploitation and the use, manufacture and development of technology, with particularly rich evidence for manufacture. Research into these topics requires the application of innovative approaches in combination. This could include biographical approaches to artefacts or places, ethnographic perspectives, and scientific analysis of artefact composition. In order to achieve this there is a need for data collation, robust and sustainable databases and a review of the categories of data.  Wider Worlds: Research into the Scottish Bronze Age has a considerable amount to offer other European pasts, with a rich archaeological data set that includes intact settlement deposits, burials and metalwork of every stage of development that has been the subject of a long history of study. Research should operate over different scales of analysis, tracing connections and developments from the local and regional, to the international context. In this way, Scottish Bronze Age studies can contribute to broader questions relating both to the Bronze Age and to human society in general.
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