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Journal articles on the topic 'Sociology, Rural. Family Kinship'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Shang, Xiaoyuan, Morris Saldov, and Karen R. Fisher. "Informal Kinship Care of Orphans in Rural China." Social Policy and Society 10, no. 1 (December 8, 2010): 103–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474746410000436.

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This study examines kinship care of orphans throughout China. It finds that in addition to children becoming orphaned if both parents die, some children are treated as orphans when their father dies and rural traditional kinship care obligations restrict the viability of widowed mothers continuing to care for their child. When mothers are forced for socioeconomic reasons to leave the paternal extended family, children effectively become orphans, dependent on ageing grandparents. Girls and disabled children are most at risk. Implementing financial and other support to orphans, widowed mothers and kinship carers could improve the sustainability of these family relationships.

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2

Byrne, Anne, Ricca Edmondson, and Tony Varley. "Arensberg and Kimball and Anthropological Research in Ireland." Irish Journal of Sociology 23, no. 1 (May 2015): 22–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/ijs.23.1.3.

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For many years Irish rural sociology came to be defined in relation to Arensberg and Kimball's celebrated anthropological study, Family and Community in Ireland, for which fieldwork was undertaken in Clare between 1932 and 1934. It has been observed that ethnographers in Ireland post-Arensberg and Kimball were strongly inclined to take the community as their unit of analysis, focus their analysis of social life on kinship and social networks, and adopt structural functionalism as their theoretical model of local society. The essay republished here in abridged form accompanied the re-publication of Family and Community in Ireland in 2001. It critically examines the intellectual and political background to Arensberg and Kimball's ethnographic fieldwork in rural Clare, the manner in which their research unfolded and the subsequent reception of their published work over a period of some sixty years.

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3

Johnson, Graham E., and Woon Fong-Yuen. "The Response to Rural Reform in an Overseas Chinese Area: Examples from Two Localities in the Western Pearl River Delta Region, South China1." Modern Asian Studies 31, no. 1 (February 1997): 31–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00016929.

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AbstarctA major transformation has occurred in rural China since reform policies were initiated in 1979. It has been particularly dramatic in the highly commercialized Pearl River delta region of the southern province of Guangdong, provenance of most North Americans of Chinese origin. The delta region has become firmly incorporated into the global economy and its external linkages, especially to Hong Kong, have been central in the process of change. The responses to reform in the areas of the delta dominated by an Overseas Chinese presence have been distinctive. Varied family economic strategies have arisen to meet the opportunities implicit in the new policies for rural reform in a region in which remittances from abroad are significant. There has also been the revival of complex kinship groupings (lineages) energized by Overseas Chinese communities, which have assumed important roles in regional economic development.

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4

Mercer, Claire, and Charlotte Lemanski. "The lived experiences of the African middle classes Introduction." Africa 90, no. 3 (May 2020): 429–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001972020000017.

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What are the experiences of the African middle classes, and what do their experiences tell us about social change on the continent? While there have been ample attempts to demarcate the parameters of this social group, the necessary work of tracing the social life and social relations of the middle classes is just beginning. The articles in this special issue provide compelling accounts of the ways in which the middle classes are as much made through their social relations and social practices as they are (if indeed they are) identifiable through aggregate snapshots of income, consumption habits and voting behaviours. Rachel Spronk (2018: 316) has argued that ‘the middle class is not a clear object in the sense of an existing group that can be clearly delineated; rather, it is a classification-in-the-making’. We agree, and our aim in bringing these contributions together in this special issue is to develop our understanding of how this process is emerging in different contexts across Africa. In her opening contribution, Carola Lentz suggests that we need more research on ‘the social dynamics of “doing being middle-class”’, or what we term here ‘middle-classness’, which attends to this ‘classification-in-the-making’ through urban–rural changes over intergenerational life courses, multi-class households, kinship and social relations. Such an agenda has recently been opened up by two edited volumes on the African middle classes (Melber 2016; Kroeker et al. 2018). We further develop this agenda here through a series of empirically rich articles by scholars in African studies, anthropology, literature and sociology that explicitly address the question of the lived experiences of the middle classes. Echoing Spronk's unease with taking ‘the middle class’ as an already constituted social group, what emerges across the articles is rather the unstable, tenuous and context-specific nature of middle-class prosperity in contemporary Africa. Social positions shift – or are questioned – as one moves from the suburb to the township (Ndlovu on South Africa) or into state-subsidized high-rise apartments (Gastrow on Angola). Stability gives way over time to precarity (Southall on Zimbabwe). Wealth is not tied to the individual but circulates more widely through social relations. Should one invest in the nuclear or the extended family (Hull on South Africa; Spronk on Ghana)? In a house or a car (Durham on Botswana)? And why does it matter – for the individual, the household, the family, the city, the nation and the continent? To grasp what it means to be middle-class in Africa today necessarily requires an understanding of the historical, social and spatial embeddedness of lived experiences at multiple scales.

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5

Zinn, Andrew. "Foster Family Characteristics, Kinship, and Permanence." Social Service Review 83, no. 2 (June 2009): 185–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/600828.

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6

Davies, Hayley. "Sharing Surnames: Children, Family and Kinship." Sociology 45, no. 4 (August 2011): 554–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0038038511406600.

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7

Holmes, Helen. "Material Affinities: ‘Doing’ Family through the Practices of Passing On." Sociology 53, no. 1 (June 21, 2018): 174–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0038038518777696.

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This article explores how mundane objects are passed on through kinship networks and how these practices become part of the ‘doing’ of family and kinship. Using Mason’s concept of affinities, I illuminate four strands of material affinities, each of which illustrates how passed on objects can reproduce, imagine and memorialise kin connections both biological and social, and in and through time. Crucially, I argue that it is everyday objects in use which reveal how materiality and kinship are woven together. By starting from the object rather than the subject material affinities are brought to life, illustrating how materials are inscribed with kinship both physically and imaginatively, but in turn inscribe kinship practices, operating as central characters in family narratives. The article stems from research exploring everyday contemporary thrift and involved one-to-one interviews and a Mass Observation Directive on the subject of ‘Being thrifty’.

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8

Reynolds, Brenda, and Denyse Variano. "The Kinship Family Portraits Project." Journal of Intergenerational Relationships 7, no. 2-3 (June 8, 2009): 328–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15350770902850975.

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9

BOUQUET, MARY, and HENK DE HAAN. "KINSHIP AS AN ANALYTICAL CATEGORY IN RURAL SOCIOLOGY: AN INTRODUCTION." Sociologia Ruralis 27, no. 4 (December 1987): 243–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9523.1987.tb00321.x.

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10

Quinlan, Robert J. "Kinship, Gender & Migration from a Rural Caribbean Community." Migration Letters 2, no. 1 (April 1, 2005): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v2i1.15.

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Emigration from developing countries may be influenced by kinship, which has different effects on men and women. A strong family at home may inhibit migration, and kin living abroad may encourage it. This study examines effects of kin on odds of migration for men (N=200) and women (N=220) from a rural community in the Commonwealth of Dominica. Multiple logistic regression showed that women were more likely than men to migrate. Number of matrilateral kin in the community was associated with women's migration but not with men's. Maternal grandmothers resident in the community were associated with decreased odds that women migrate.

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11

Lawrence-Webb, Claudia. "Therapeutic Family Meetings: A Resource for Kinship Care." Journal of Family Social Work 5, no. 4 (September 2001): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j039v05n04_02.

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12

Megahead, Hamido A. "Non-kinship family foster care in Egypt." Adoption & Fostering 41, no. 4 (November 24, 2017): 391–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308575917730291.

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This article describes the history and philosophy of foster care in Egypt. While journal readers will be familiar with the issues affecting their own work, they are less likely to know about fostering in other countries. This can be limiting as international comparisons can give practitioners, researchers and educators insights into their own work as well as skills to support children from different cultural backgrounds. The article shows that foster care in Egypt is not a recent development, indeed it dates back to ancient Egypt and the Egyptian kings, but the current legal system was formalised in the first half of the 20th century. While fostering services are usually based on western paradigms, the Egyptian approach has several distinct features due to its development through authentication processes that match services to the needs and cultural backgrounds of the children concerned. Explanations for these differences are given.

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13

Breman, Rachel, Ann MacRae, and Dave Vicary. "‘The Hidden Victims’–Family Violence in Kinship Care in Victoria." Children Australia 43, no. 3 (May 16, 2018): 186–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cha.2018.15.

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Family violence is endemic. It has a dramatic and negative impact upon the victims and the family systems in which it occurs. While there is a growing evidence base to support our understanding, prevention and treatment of family violence, little is known about some of its “hidden victims” (e.g., kinship carers). In 2017, Baptcare commenced research with 101 kinship carers in Victoria to gain a better understanding of how family violence, perpetrated by the child's close family member once the placement started, was impacting on children and families. In this context, family violence means any act of physical violence, emotional/psychological violence, verbal abuse and property damage. The study utilised a mixed design methodology that specifically targeted kinship carers who had direct experience of family violence. Findings from this study demonstrated that (1) many kinship carers, and the children in their care, experienced family violence early in the placement, (2) that the violence occurred frequently and (3) the incidents of violence did not occur in isolation. Carers sought support from multiple sources to deal with the family violence, however, the study illustrated that the usefulness of these supports varied. Additionally, findings highlighted reasons why many kinship carers felt reluctant to file a report to end the violence. The study described in this paper is the first step in understanding and exposing this multifaceted issue and delineates some of the major issues confronting Victorian kinship carers experiencing family violence – and the support required to ensure the safety of them and the children they care for. This paper will describe the approach that Baptcare is taking to address family violence in kinship care in western metropolitan Melbourne. This is the second paper in a three-part series relating to family violence in kinship care.

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14

Aborampah, Osei-Mensah. "Family Structure in African Fertility Studies: Some Conceptual and Methodological Issues." A Current Bibliography on African Affairs 18, no. 4 (June 1986): 319–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001132558601800405.

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In this article, an attempt is made to define the African family as it relates to reproduction. A review of the theoretical discussions and empirical studies indicates that none of the earlier conceptualizations of family structure is adequate enough for analyzing the relationship between family structure and fertility. It is suggested that three major dimensions, social structure, social-psychology and economics, underlie the African family structure and that their full understanding is essential to a meaningful analysis of the role of kinship networks in Africa's population growth. Indeed, the issues involved in the study of the fertility of African, especially rural, women may not be fully understood until the ramifications of the African family and kinship networks are fully understood and adequately conceptualized.

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15

Morrissey, Marietta. "Gender, Race, and Kinship: Searching for the Matrifocal Family." Critical Sociology 18, no. 2 (July 1991): 103–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089692059101800205.

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16

Ram, Monder, and Ruth Holliday. "Relative Merits: Family Culture and Kinship in Small Firms." Sociology 27, no. 4 (November 1993): 629–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0038038593027004005.

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17

Welch, Vicki. "Talking Back to ‘Family’, ‘Family Troubles’, and ‘the Looked-after Child’." Sociological Research Online 23, no. 1 (January 4, 2018): 197–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1360780417749439.

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‘Looked after’ is a term used in the UK to describe children who are the subject of ‘alternative care’ arrangements (i.e. in the care of a statutory authority), most often away from their birth parents. Within this potentially stigmatising context, this article presents a reanalysis of data from semi-structured interviews with 17 participants during three recent small-scale studies in Scotland. Juhila’s concept of ‘talking back’ to potentially stigmatising categories informs this analysis that explores participants’ understanding of, and responses to, three categorisations: the ‘family’, ‘family troubles’, and ‘the looked-after child’. Participants were young people with experience of home supervision, birth mothers of adopted children, or kinship carers. The analysis finds clear examples of ‘talking back’ to all three categories, including through a process that linked categories, such that accepting aspects of one potentially stigmatised identity helped to explain membership of another. This suggests a potential refinement of Juhila’s model. ‘Looked after’ was widely understood, but the term was seldom used by participants. There was evidence that participants ‘talked back’ to the idea of looked-after child by problematising its appropriateness in their circumstances, including home supervision and kinship care. In their discussions with researchers, these participants privileged biological understandings of ‘family’, affirming enduring links despite troubles and separations. The article concludes by identifying briefly some implications for policy and practice.

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18

Kondakov, Alexander. "Book Review: After Legal Equality: Family, Sex, Kinship." Social & Legal Studies 25, no. 1 (February 2016): 117–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0964663915625579b.

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19

Kiraly, Meredith, and Cathy Humphreys. "‘It's about the whole family’: family contact for children in kinship care." Child & Family Social Work 21, no. 2 (February 20, 2014): 228–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cfs.12140.

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20

Kurtz, Donn M. "The Political Family: A Contemporary View." Sociological Perspectives 32, no. 3 (September 1989): 331–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1389121.

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As a part of a larger study of Louisiana's political families from statehood to the present, this article seeks to demonstrate that the family influence on political recruitment is not just an historical phenomenon but a current reality. Over one-fourth of 785 state and parish officials in office in 1983 were found to have at least one officeholding relative. One-half of these 209 leaders had two or more kinsmen in office at some time, and almost one-third “inherited” their position from a relative. The article analyzes the structure of these families (size, generations, kinship connections), successions, and kinship networks. The last topic, networks, delineates the connections between and among families with 1983 officials and other families whose political experience occurred before 1983. The largest of the networks includes twenty-two families with 107 officials from several states. A principal conclusion is that the family continues to exert considerable influence on its members' decision to enter the political arena. Evidence is presented indicating that Louisiana is not unique in this regard.

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21

GRAY, JANE. "The circulation of children in rural Ireland during the first half of the twentieth century." Continuity and Change 29, no. 3 (December 2014): 399–421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0268416014000241.

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ABSTRACTThis paper analyses the interactions amongst family, household and extended kin through an examination of two ‘circulations’ of children within rural Irish communities during the first half of the twentieth century: (1) the daily journey from home to school; (2) going to live with relatives other than parents. Drawing on life-history narratives, the article develops a new perspective on the stem-family system in Ireland by showing how ‘incomplete’ family households formed integral parts of local kinship circles and were deeply engaged in the everyday lives of ‘complete’ family households, including the promotion of extended family survival and social mobility.

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22

Broad, Bob. "Kinship Care: Supporting Children in Placements with Extended Family and Friends." Adoption & Fostering 25, no. 2 (July 2001): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030857590102500206.

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There is little written about children living in kinship care placements, either generally about the role and work of social services in supporting such placements or specifically about kinship care from carers' and users' perspectives. For a child in need who can no longer live with their birth parents(s), being supported by social services to live with a member of her or his extended family can be another appropriate placement option. Given that a good-sized proportion of looked after children, at least equivalent to those in residential care, are placed with a relative or friend, it is argued here that kinship care merits much more discussion, research and development than has hitherto been the case. Based on an ongoing research project, Bob Broad seeks to begin to redress this balance. After reviewing the kinship care literature, as well as the legislative and policy context, research findings from an ongoing research project are presented. The views of kinship carers are given, which suggest they value the support of social workers and require further support, financial payments, information and recognition from social services. Questions are also raised about the over-representation of black children in such placements.

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23

Gallo, Ester. "Migrants and their money are not all the same: Migration, remittances and family morality in rural South India." Migration Letters 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2013): 33–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v10i1.109.

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The article analyses the relation between social remittances and migrant families through the perspective of migrant elites’ politics of identity in sending contexts. It argues for the importance of looking historically at how competing engagements with migration have led people to morally evaluate the suitability of remittances for kinship well-being. Migrant elites' conceptions of remittances are underpinned by a double meaning associated with ‘foreign money’, which is in turn highly influenced by local perceptions of different migrant destinations. On the one hand, money (as other goods) symbolizes loyalty towards the family and the community. On the other, money becomes the visible manifestation of distance between kin, and is locally judged insofar as it is not able to replace the lack of family care and affection. In the process, remittances emerge not only as a medium of family care, but also a social phenomenon through which the morality and possibility of kinship solidarity is questioned, if not invalidated.

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24

Zinn, Andrew. "Kinship Family Relatedness, Nuclear Family Contact, and Social Support Among Foster Youth." Journal of Public Child Welfare 11, no. 1 (July 8, 2016): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15548732.2016.1208134.

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25

Campbell, Rex R., and David L. Harvey. "Potter Addition: Poverty, Family, and Kinship in a Heartland Community." Contemporary Sociology 23, no. 3 (May 1994): 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2075309.

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26

Peng, Man-Man, Hong-Lin Chen, Tin Zhang, Yong-You Yao, Zi-Han Li, Lan Long, Qing-Qing Duan, et al. "Disease-related stressors of caregiving burden among different types of family caregivers of persons with schizophrenia in rural China." International Journal of Social Psychiatry 65, no. 7-8 (August 7, 2019): 603–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020764019866224.

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Background: Little is known about the impacts of schizophrenia on different types of caregiving burden. Aim: This study aims to examine how the severity of schizophrenia, social functioning and aggressive behavior are associated with caregiving burden across different kinship types. Method: The analytic sample included 300 dyads of persons with schizophrenia and their family caregivers in Xinjin, Chengdu, China. The 10th edition of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) was utilized to identify the patients, whose symptom severity, social functioning and aggressive behavior were measured. Caregiving burden was estimated using the Burden Scale for Family Caregivers–short (BSFC-s). Results: A higher level of burden was significantly associated with female caregivers, larger family size, lower income, worse symptoms, poorer functional status and more aggressive behaviors. Parent caregivers showed greater burden if the patients had better functioning of social interest and concern or more aggression toward property. Mother caregivers showed greater burden than fathers. Spouses tended to perceive greater burden if the patients had better marital functioning, poorer occupational functioning or more aggressive behaviors toward property. Patients attacking others or a father with schizophrenia was related to a higher burden of child caregivers. A heavier burden of other relatives was correlated with patients’ more verbal aggression and self-harm. Conclusion: This study shows the distinct impacts of disease-related factors on the caregiving burden across different kinship types. Our findings have implications for health-care professionals and practitioners in terms of developing more targeted family-based or individualized intervention to ameliorate burden according to kinship types and deal with behavioral and functional problems in schizophrenia.

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27

Cheney, Kristen E. "“Village Life Is Better Than Town Life”: Identity, Migration, and Development in the Lives of Ugandan Child Citizens." African Studies Review 47, no. 3 (December 2004): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0002020600030420.

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Abstract:This article contextualizes Ugandan urban–rural relations through urban children's knowledge, imaginations, and experiences, which are affected by the present sociohistoric moment in Uganda. Influenced by urban–rural migration, changing notions of family and kinship, and the national government's prolific “development-through-education” campaign, urban schoolchildren imagine “the village” both as an integral imaginary space of ethnic identity origination and a location for fulfillment of national citizenship through development.

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28

Holtan, Amy. "Family types and social integration in kinship foster care." Children and Youth Services Review 30, no. 9 (September 2008): 1022–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2008.01.002.

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29

Bonaccorso, Monica. "Making connections: family and relatedness in clinics of assisted conception in Italy." Modern Italy 9, no. 1 (May 2004): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13532940410001677502.

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SummaryThis article explores contemporary notions of Italian kinship—procreation, the family, biological and social relatedness—as they are shaped by programmes of gamete donation (these are programmes that require the use of third-party egg and semen to achieve conception). The research was carried out in Italian clinics of assisted conception and presents the views of heterosexual couples suffering from impaired infertility. The overall material reveals the power of kinship as a cultural form.

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30

Judkins, Bennett M., and David L. Harvey. "Potter Addition: Poverty, Family and Kinship in a Heartland Community." Social Forces 72, no. 3 (March 1994): 919. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2579799.

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31

Agha, Nadia. "Kinship in rural Pakistan: Consanguineous marriages and their implications for women." Women's Studies International Forum 54 (January 2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2015.10.005.

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32

Gur'ianova, M. R. "Society and the Rural Family." Russian Education & Society 38, no. 3 (March 1996): 54–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/res1060-9393380354.

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Hatton, Stephen B. "History, Kinship, Identity, and Technology: Toward Answering the Question “What Is (Family) Genealogy?”." Genealogy 3, no. 1 (January 4, 2019): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genealogy3010002.

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The article attempts to move beyond cursory definitions to explore the fundamental core and practice of genealogy. Some genealogical writers think that it is history or a subset of history. Others view it as a study of kinship, or relations, and identity. Though technology is increasingly used as a tool to do genealogy, it is not viewed as its essence. The article moves toward an answer to the question “what is genealogy?” through four interventions directed at these four concepts. It examines history, kinship, identity, and technology in relation to genealogy. It demonstrates key differences between history and genealogy. It discusses the use of the genealogical model in anthropology, and then relates how sociology views kinship as social. Four kinds of identity are relevant to genealogy, but none answers what genealogy is. The article argues that genealogy is a technology in the ancient Greek sense. Technē is primarily a kind of practical knowledge with characteristics congruent with genealogy’s project. Genealogy is a technē in its essence rather than history, a study of kinship, or a study of identity.

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Brettell, Caroline B. "Kinship and Contract: Property Transmission and Family Relations in Northwestern Portugal." Comparative Studies in Society and History 33, no. 3 (July 1991): 443–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417500017138.

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In 1886 Emile Zola published La Terre (The Earth), a novel about peasant life in nineteenth-century France. In that novel, the peasant-proprietor Fduan, aware that he has reached an age at which he can no longer farm his own property, decides to divide it among his three children. Monsieur Baillehache, the notary before whom they all appear to legalize the transaction, feels that it is his duty to “make the usual comments.”

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35

Richardson, Pamela. "Kinship and Networking in a Quaker Family in the Nineteenth Century." Family & Community History 12, no. 1 (May 2009): 22–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/175138109x450493.

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36

McMahon, E. "Networked Family: Defining Kinship in Emancipated Slave Wills on Pemba Island." Journal of Social History 46, no. 4 (May 14, 2013): 916–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jsh/sht039.

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37

Reay, Barry. "Kinship and the Neighborhood in Nineteenth-Century Rural England: the Myth of the Autonomous Nuclear Family." Journal of Family History 21, no. 1 (January 1996): 87–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/036319909602100106.

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38

Hoffman, Katie. "Public service or private affair? The application of ‘kinship by design’ to intercountry adoption in England." International Social Work 60, no. 5 (May 9, 2017): 1087–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872817702431.

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This article examines the status of intercountry adoption (ICA) within adoption and family policy in England by analysing the extent to which the preventive ideals of ‘kinship by design’ are applied to ICA, particularly in the provision of adoption support. The discussion is set in the context of adoption reform under the New Labour and Coalition governments, broader family policy ideals of prevention and early intervention and state objectives in adoption, as well as global policy standards. This article argues that ‘kinship by design’ is not equally applied to intercountry adoptive families in England.

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39

KEELING, SALLY. "Relative distance: ageing in rural New Zealand." Ageing and Society 21, no. 5 (September 2001): 605–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x01008443.

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This paper explores aspects of kinship and geographical distance in terms of the social context of older people in the South Island of New Zealand, and with particular reference to the long-term epidemiological study of ageing in the community of Mosgiel. Comparisons between the numbers of relatives reported in the social networks of the older participants at baseline and in the six-year follow-up study indicate both losses and gains over time. A local qualitative study carried out within the Mosgiel study interprets meanings of closeness and distance from the ways that older people talk about family and friends. In discussing definitions of family, aspects of genealogical and generational connection are described, along with processes which allow for ‘proxies’ and ‘substitution’ in the light of geographical proximity. These role definitions within families, and the wider social networks within which they operate, provide continuity and reliable social support together with flexibility and adaptability to change. The Mosgiel study illustrates some aspects of the combined effects of low population density in the region, rural-to-urban migration, and recent health and social service restructuring on older people and on their families.

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40

Smith, Daniel Scott, and Andrejs Plakans. "Kinship in the Past: An Anthropology of European Family Life, 1500-1900." Contemporary Sociology 16, no. 6 (November 1987): 792. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2071524.

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Joseph, Suad. "Political Familism in Lebanon." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 636, no. 1 (June 22, 2011): 150–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716211398434.

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Patrimonialism has been used to explain the “backwardness” of Middle Eastern states, their “lacks.” Patrimonialism, however, may undermine its own insights by creating false binaries and false histories. The author suggests family/families as a point of departure and political familism as a conceptual step toward reframing analysis of state/citizen relationships in Lebanon. Political familism refers to the deployment of family institutions, ideologies, idioms (idiomatic kinship), practices, and relationships by citizens to activate their demands in relation to the state and by state actors to mobilize practical and moral grounds for governance based on a civic myth of kinship and public discourse that privileges family. Political familism addresses the processes by which states and citizens mutually constitute a set of public practices that reproduce the privileged position of “family,” even as specific family relations and practices diverge from discursive presumptions.

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McFadden, Emily Jean. "Book Review: Kinship Care: Fostering Effective Family and Friends Placements." Adoption & Fostering 33, no. 3 (October 2009): 99–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030857590903300313.

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Kiraly, Meredith, and Cathy Humphreys. "Family Contact for Children in Kinship Care: A Literature Review." Australian Social Work 66, no. 3 (September 2013): 358–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0312407x.2013.812129.

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Macfarlan, Shane J., and Robert J. Quinlan. "Kinship, Family, and Gender Effects in the Ultimatum Game." Human Nature 19, no. 3 (July 31, 2008): 294–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12110-008-9045-1.

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Balée, William. "Charles Wagley on changes in Tupí-Guaraní kinship classifications." Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. Ciências Humanas 9, no. 3 (December 2014): 645–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1981-81222014000300007.

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Charles Wagley contributed significantly to the ethnographic study of culture and society in Brazil. In addition to his well-known work on both rural and urban Brazilian populations, Wagley was a pioneering ethnographer of indigenous societies in Brazil, especially the Tapirapé and Tenetehara, associated with the Tupí-Guaraní language family. In comparing these two societies specifically, Wagley was most interested in their kinship systems, especially the types of kinship or relationship terminology that these exhibited. In both cases, he found that what had once been probably classificatory, bifurcate-merging terminologies seem to have developed into more or less bifurcate-collateral (or Sudanese-like) terminologies, perhaps partly as a result of contact and depopulation. Recent research on kinship nomenclature and salience of relationship terms among the Ka'apor people, also speakers of a Tupí-Guaraní language, corroborates Wagley's original insights and indicates their relevance to contemporary ethnography.

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Zhu, Huasheng, Yawei Chen, and Kebi Chen. "Vitalizing Rural Communities: China’s Rural Entrepreneurial Activities from Perspective of Mixed Embeddedness." Sustainability 11, no. 6 (March 17, 2019): 1609. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11061609.

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Rural entrepreneurial activities play an important role in the development of rural economies and the vitality of rural areas, and they can also contribute to an increase in the employment opportunities of farmers and environmental sustainability during China’s transitional period. As a local organization, the community connects individuals, collective agencies, local authorities, and the market in reforming rural economies in China. Based on the concepts of mixed embeddedness and on the database of the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS), this paper uses a binary logistic regression (BLR) model to analyze the impact of social, institutional, and economic environments of rural communities on entrepreneurship. The finding shows that informal, entrepreneurship-oriented institutions in rural communities have more significantly positive impact on farmer entrepreneurship than formal institutions, as well as economic and social environments. Furthermore, compared with kinship, neighborhood relationships and weak ties based on the population mobility in rural communities are more important for farmer entrepreneurship. Additionally, rural communities are the production places and markets, and their economic levels are positively related to entrepreneurship. Last but not least, compared with urban communities, rural communities play a much more prominent role in local entrepreneurship.

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Denby, Ramona W., and Allison Bowmer. "Rural Kinship Caregivers' Perceptions of Child Well-Being: The Use of Attribution Theory." Journal of Family Social Work 16, no. 1 (January 2013): 53–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10522158.2012.747192.

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Harper, Sarah. "The Kinship Network of the Rural Aged: A Comparison of the Indigenous Elderly and the Retired Inmigrant." Ageing and Society 7, no. 3 (September 1987): 303–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x00012836.

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ABSTRACTAnalysis of the kin support networks of rural elderly, resident in Staffordshire and Hampshire, indicated that the most important factor affecting both the patterns and relationships of the kin network is the residential mobility of the nuclear family and its members. The study revealed the importance of recognising three broad groupings of elderly: the indigenous aged, who typically possess an extended local kin network; the retired inmigrants who had relocated their households to be near kin; and the retired inmigrants without nearby kin. When these groupings are introduced the importance of the dichotomy between local/non-local kin and between former kin-separation/non-kin-separation becomes apparent. These dichotomies hold important implications for the family relationships of the rural elderly, for their use of the kin network and of the formal support system, and for their interaction with the wider community.

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McCartan, Claire, Lisa Bunting, Paul Bywaters, Gavin Davidson, Martin Elliott, and Jade Hooper. "A Four-Nation Comparison of Kinship Care in the UK: The Relationship between Formal Kinship Care and Deprivation." Social Policy and Society 17, no. 4 (July 6, 2018): 619–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474746418000179.

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The practice of extended family and friends helping to care for children when their parents are unable to is an enduring tradition in many cultures. Kinship care provides the largest proportion of out of home care in Western society but many of these carers experience poverty and deprivation, and do not receive comparable levels of support, financial or professional, to other placement types. This study provides UK evidence for the relationship between kinship care and deprivation and examines how the welfare state frames kinship care in policy and practice.

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Bouchery, Pascal. "Interpréter L'Exception. Une Société Qui Questionne L'Anthropologie de la Parenté." European Journal of Sociology 40, no. 1 (May 1999): 156–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003975600007311.

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The social organisation of the Na of China is exceptional in that marriage occupies a marginal place and the concept of kinship appears to be absent. This poses fundamental questions for the anthropology of kinship. For Cai Hua this puts into question the universality of marriage, Radcliffe-Brown's definition of the elementary family, and Lévi-Strauss’ theory of alliance. The article is based on the theoretical presupposition which interprets the residual presence of marriage solely as the result of cultural borrowing and provides as a principle the original absence of the institution in this society.

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