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Wu, Yidi, and Yidi Wu. "Socrates' Daimonion." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625687.
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Socrates' daimonion [δαιμόνιον] is a very complicated issue. What the daimonion is and what roles it played in Socratic way of life are the two central and probably most difficult questions about this issue, since Plato and Xenophon provided different images of Socrates' daimonion. Still, this paper tries to list and analyze all Plato's and Xenophon's accounts concerning the daimonion in order to examine both similarities and differences between them and offer a comprehensive image of Socrates' daimonion that can answer the two central questions. In fact, these two questions are so important for Socrates' daimonion, because intrinsically they are in relation to the two charges Socrates faced: his impiety to the city-gods and his corruption of Athenian youths. No matter how distinct Plato’s description of daimonion is from Xenophon, they both attempted to defend their common teacher against the two charges. It is said that Socrates' daimonion caused the charge of his impiety, as Socrates only acknowledged his daimonion but not the city-gods that his contemporary Athenians believed in. Therefore, both Plato and Xenophon put much effort in arguing Socrates' daimonion proves his piety. Plato endeavored to demonstrate Socrates' daimonion belongs to the divine system of city-gods, while Xenophon in order to undermine the particularity of the daimonion, claimed it, other than name, has no difference from the divination that Athenians resort to. Furthermore, the accounts of Socrates' daimonion in the widely-accepted pseudo-Platonic dialogues Theages and Alcibiades I may offer a new reading of Socrates' daimonion. The daimonion seems to select those who have potential to philosophize as Socrates' interlocutors, but it cannot predict whether who will obtain benefit and when they will leave Socrates. Therefore, from a close reading of Theages and Alcibiades I, it can be shown that Alcibiades, the most notorious one of the youth whom Socrates was alleged to "corrupt", went on to his own destructive path rather than under the guidance of Socrates.
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Rodriguez, Evan. "Making sense of Socrates in a dialogue of contradictions studies in Plato's Protagoras /." Diss., Connect to the thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10066/1439.
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FERNANDES, EMERSON. "PRELIMINARY CONSIDERATIONS ABOUT SOCRATES DRAMATIC CONSTRUCTION OF PLATO." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2013. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=23899@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
O presente estudo tem como objetivo apresentar alguns pontos que foram importantes para o processo de construção dramática da personagem de Sócrates nos diálogos de Platão. Sabemos, por intermédio de sua vasta obra, que o filósofo expressou o seu pensamento através de diálogos. Esse gênero literário foi influenciado por diversas expressões da cultura helênica, e pela poesia épica que em geral narra a trajetória de algum grande herói. No drama filosófico construído por Platão, a personagem de Sócrates desempenha esse papel dentro de uma boa parte de seus diálogos. Ele é considerado, pela maioria dos especialistas em Platão, como o seu principal porta voz. E a partir disso, surge a necessidade de se entender os motivos pelos quais levaram o filósofo escolher esse meio de expressão literário para desenvolver a sua dramaturgia filosófica em torno de uma das figuras mais enigmáticas da Filosofia antiga.
The present study aims to present some points that were important to the building process of the dramatic character of Socrates in Plato s dialogues. We know, through his vast work, that the philosopher expressed his thoughts through dialogue. This literary genre was influenced by various expressions of Hellenic culture, and by the epic poetry that usually tells the story of some great hero. In the philosophical drama constructed by Plato, Socrates’ character plays this role within a good part of his dialogues. He is considered, by most experts in Plato, as its primary spokesperson. And from this arises the need to understand the reasons which led the philosopher to choose this means of literary expression to develop the philosophical drama around one of the most enigmatic figures of ancient philosophy.
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Emmick, Christopher. "Educational praxis in Plato and Aristotle /." Connect to online version of this title in UO's Scholars' Bank, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/6059.
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Levy, David Foster. "Socrates' Praise and Blame of Eros." Thesis, Boston College, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/2219.
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Thesis advisor: Christopher BruellIt is only in "erotic matters" that Plato's Socrates is wise, or so he claims at least on several occasions, and since his Socrates makes this claim, it is necessary for Plato's readers to investigate the content of Socrates' wisdom about eros. This dissertation undertakes such an investigation. Plato does not, however, make Socrates' view of eros easy to grasp. So diverse are Socrates' treatments of eros in different dialogues and even within the same dialogue that doubt may arise as to whether he has a consistent view of eros; Socrates subjects eros to relentless criticism throughout the Republic and his first speech in the Phaedrus, and then offers eros his highest praise in his second speech in the Phaedrus and a somewhat lesser praise in the Symposium. This dissertation takes the question of why Socrates treats eros in such divergent ways as its guiding thread and offers an account of the ambiguity in eros' character that renders it both blameworthy and praiseworthy in Socrates' estimation. The investigation is primarily of eros in its ordinary sense of romantic love for another human being, for Socrates' most extensive discussions of eros, those of the Phaedrus and Symposium, are primarily about romantic love. Furthermore, as this investigation makes clear, despite his references to other kinds of eros, Socrates distinguishes a precise meaning of eros, according to which eros is always love of another human being. Socrates' view of romantic love is then assessed through studies of the Republic, Phaedrus, and Symposium. These studies present a unified Socratic understanding of eros; despite their apparent differences, Socrates' treatment of eros in each dialogue confirms and supplements that of the others, each providing further insight into Socrates' complete view. In the Republic, Socrates' opposition to eros, as displayed in both his discussion of the communism of the family in book five and his account of the tyrannic soul in book nine, is traced to irrational religious beliefs to which he suggests eros is connected. Socrates then explains this connection by presenting romantic love as a source of such beliefs in the Phaedrus and Symposium. Because eros is such a source, this dissertation argues that philosophy is incompatible with eros in its precise sense, as Socrates subtly indicates even within his laudatory treatments of eros in the Phaedrus and Symposium. Thus, as a source of irrational beliefs, eros is blameworthy. Yet eros is also praiseworthy. Despite his indication that the philosopher would be free of eros in the precise sense, Socrates also argues that the experience of eros can be of great benefit in the education of a potential philosopher. Precisely as a source of irrational religious belief, the erotic experience includes a greater awareness of the longing for immortality and hence the concern with mortality that Socrates believes is characteristic of human beings, and by bringing lovers to a greater awareness of this concern, eros provides a first step towards the self-knowledge characteristic of the philosophic life
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2010
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Political Science
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Firey, Thomas Anthony. "Socrates' Conception of Knowledge and the Priority of Definition." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35294.
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Throughout the early Platonic dialogues, Socrates repeatedly tells his interlocutors that if, as they claim, they truly have knowledge concerning some morally significant property, then they should be able to define the nature of that property. Invariably, the interlocutors fail to furnish him with such definitions, leading him to conclude that they, and all humankind, are ignorant of any knowledge about such property. This leads him to encourage his interlocutors, and us, to adopt a sense of intellectual humility and to dedicate their lives to studying these properties in an effort to gain moral insight.
Many scholars have cited Socrates' demand for definition as evidence that he accepts a Priority of Definition principle - an epistemological principle asserting that a person must first know the definition of a property before she can know anything else about the property. Many of the scholars who make this ascription also argue, for various reasons, that such a principle is erroneous. If these scholars are correct and Socrates does accept a flawed Priority of Definition principle, then his epistemology, along with his whole philosophy, suffers devastating harm. Students of the early dialogues must consider whether Socrates does, in fact, accept the principle and, if so, whether the principle is incorrect.
The thesis will examine the issues that arise from the ascription of a Priority of Definition principle to Socrates. The study will first examine textual evidence supporting the ascription along with texts that bring the ascription into question. It will then outline three general philosophical criticisms of the principle. Finally, this study will examine a number of different understandings of Socrates' conception of knowledge. Hopefully, an understanding can be discovered that preserves his philosophy by effectively showing that either (1) Socrates does not accept the principle, or (2) he does accept the principle but the principle is not philosophically problematic. If such an understanding can be discovered, then Socrates' conception of knowledge is saved from the criticisms raised by scholars. Otherwise, his whole philosophy will be placed in a very troubling light.Master of Arts
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Robinson, Thomas. "Arete and Gender-Differentiation in Socrates/Plato and Aristotle." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú - Departamento de Humanidades, 2013. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/112755.
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The article grapples with the question whether Plato believed that, in the matter of arete, the female psyche had a built-in inclination to immorality in a way that the male psyche did not, and was therefore assuch signiticantly different from the male psyche. It is argued that the evidence of the Timaeus ( and, to some lesser degree, of the Laws) suggests very strongly that he did, though fortunately the political consequence she drew from this (in the Laws) tum out to be positive rather than negative. Aristotle, by contrast,it is argued, while still holding to the lamentable theory of the inferiority of woman, talks of ditl'eringquanta of (one and the same) arete in male and female souls, rather than a difference in their very arete.El artículo discute la cuestión de si Platón creía que, en el asunto de la areté, la psyché femenina tenía una inclinación natural a la inmoralidad en un sentido que no tenía la psyché masculina, y que por ende era signiticativamente distinta a la psyché masculina. Se arguye que el Timeo (y en menor grado. las Leyes) sugiere fuertemente que sí lo creyó, aunque afortunadamente las consecuencias políticas que intirió de ello (en las Leyes) resultan positivas en lugar de negativas. Se arguye, por el contrario, que Aristóteles -aun cuando sigue manteniendo la teoría lamentable de la inferioridad de las mujeres-habla de diferentes quanta de (una y la misma) areté en las almas masculinas y femeninas, en lugar deuna diferencia en su misma areté.
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Evans, Daw-Nay N. R. Jr. "A Solution to "The Problem of Socrates" in Nietzsche's Thought: An Explanation of Nietzsche's Ambivalence Toward Socrates." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42516.
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Nietzscheâ s view of Socrates has been studied at length by a number of scholars, and yet the accounts resulting from these studies, even when descriptively correct, have not given a full explanation of the relationship between the two philosophers. More specifically, they fail to clarify the proper connection between Nietzsche and Socrates in terms of fundamental aspects of Nietzscheâ s thought, especially in terms of his view of reason. The most influential interpretation of Nietzscheâ s relationship to Socrates comes from Kaufmann, who claims that Nietzscheâ s view of Socrates is one of pure admiration. More recently, scholars such as Nehamas have corrected Kaufmannâ s flawed interpretation. Although Nehamas has properly understood Nietzscheâ s view of Socrates to be one of ambivalence, his interpretation is wanting in that it provides only a partial explanation of this ambivalence.
My argument will take the following form. I will first establish in Chapters 2-5 (A) Nietzscheâ s ambivalence toward Socrates. Then, independently of that discussion, I will reveal in Chapter 6 (B) his ambivalence toward reason. The strict parallelism between these two manifestations of ambivalence in Nietzsche will permit me to make the claim that (B) explains (A). By this analysis I will demonstrate that Nietzsche is not only positive and negative in his assessments of both Socrates and reason, but that he is ambivalent to both for the same reasons. More specifically, for Nietzsche, Socratesâ emphasis upon dialectical reason as the one and only medium for attaining eudaimonia is ultimately nihilistic. It stands as a singular example of the variety of nihilistic practices that emphasize one perspective over all others; and to deny perspective, is, for Nietzsche, to deny life itself. Thus Nietzsche understands such practices, among which he includes Christianity, ethical objectivism, and Platoâ s metaphysics, as a misuse of reason. However, the appropriate use of reason involves experimenting with other modes of expression such as aphorisms, the performing arts, and poetry, which grant the individual as much moral and intellectual freedom as necessary so that they may affirm life in the manner they find most satisfying and rewarding. Hence, it is only through a thorough investigation of Nietzscheâ s view of reason that his ambivalence toward Socrates can be fully understood, namely, as a manifestation of his ambivalence to reason.
Master of Arts
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DiCola, Paul S. "Socrates, Irwin, and Instrumentalism." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1212521001.
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Ribeiro, Josà AndrÃ. "SÃcrates Ãpico, trÃgico e cÃmico: um estudo sobre os gÃneros literÃrios no Eutidemo, Banquete e Apologia." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2017. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=19357.
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nÃo hÃA proposta deste trabalho à fazer uma anÃlise do personagem SÃcrates dos diÃlogos de PlatÃo. O que se pretende mostrar à que esse personagem funde elementos dos gÃneros Ãpico, trÃgico e cÃmico. Pressupomos que SÃcrates à representado como uma espÃcie de herÃi filosÃfico, no qual caracterÃsticas Ãpicas se fundem com uma mÃscara cÃmica, cujas nuanÃas tambÃm trazem uma dramatizaÃÃo trÃgica. Em vista disso, este estudo faz um recorte na relaÃÃo dos diÃlogos com a tradiÃÃo poÃtica, a partir da anÃlise de alguns diÃlogos, que permitiriam traÃar esse sentido do personagem. Em primeiro lugar, o Eutidemo como uma peÃa cÃmica. Em segundo, do carÃter Ãpico de SÃcrates no discurso de AlcibÃades do Banquete. Por fim, uma anÃlise do encontro entre os gÃneros no personagem da Apologia.
The proposal of this work is to provide an analysis of Socrates as a character of Platoâs dialogues. What is meant to show is that this character joins elements of the epic, tragic and comic genres. We assume that Socrates is represented as a kind of philosophical hero, in which epic features merge with a comic mask, whose nuances also bring a tragic dramatization. In view of this, this study identifies the relation of the dialogues with the poetic tradition, from the analysis of some dialogues, which would allow to draw that sense of the character. First, the "Euthydemus" as a comic piece. Second, the epic character of Socrates in the speech of Alcibiades from the Simposium. Finally, an analysis of the encounter between the genres on the character of Apology.
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Longoria, Mari´a Teresa Padilla. "Philosophy as dialogue : Plato and the history of dialectic (with special reference to the sophist)." Thesis, Durham University, 2000. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/4475/.
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The connecting thread of this thesis is the idea that philosophy is essentially dialectical or a matter of conversation. Plato's idea of philosophy plays a pivotal role insofar as one of his main preoccupations throughout his work is to define the essence of philosophy. For him philosophy and dialectic are interchangeable terms. Plato's idea of dialectic is that of a philosophical conversation. This is not a judgement that is accepted by many other philosophers; I consider objections that Aristotle, Descartes and Husserl address to this idea of the nature of philosophy. In the first main part I discuss the etymology and origins of the word dialectic and its possible literary antecedents in Greek epic, lyric and tragedy. I then offer, in the second part, a historical approach to the philosophical roots of dialectic with the aim of grasping its genesis and evolution. I deal with the different ancient ideas of dialectic as represented by the figures of Plato, Aristotle, Zeno (and some Sophists), and the Stoics, then moving on to the medieval understanding of dialectic. Finally I describe its modem versions through representative figures such as Kant, Hegel, Marx and Engels. Finally, in the third part, I turn to the Socratic-Platonic understanding of dialectic. In this part I discuss the nature of the Socratic-Platonic method and some different perspectives on Platonic dialectic. As a test case, and especially with the aim of showing how dialectic operates in Plato, and how he contrasts the figures of the Philosopher and the Sophist I focus on the Sophist.
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Kondo, Kazutaka. "Socrates' Understanding of his Trial: The Political Presentation of Philosophy." Thesis, Boston College, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/3926.
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Thesis advisor: Robert C. BartlettThis dissertation investigates how Socrates understands his trial. It is a well-known fact that Socrates is accused of impiety and corruption of the young and is subsequently executed. Unlike an ordinary defendant who is supposed to make every effort to be acquitted, Socrates, behaving provocatively, seems even to induce the death penalty. By reading Plato's and Xenophon's works, this dissertation clarifies his thoughts on the trial that must be the basis of his conduct and explains how he achieves his aim. To deal with Socrates' view of the trial as a whole, this study examines three questions. First, does he believe in his own innocence? I argue that before and even at the trial, Socrates does not intend to prove his innocence effectively. He does not reveal his belief clearly, but at least it is clear that to be acquitted is not his primary purpose. Second, what does Socrates want to achieve at the trial? Socrates' primary purpose is to demonstrate his virtue in public. His speech that provocatively emphasizes his excellence as a benefactor of the city enables him to be convicted as a wise and noble man rather than as an impious corrupter of the young. Third, why does he refuse to escape from jail? I argue that by introducing the speech that defends the laws of the city, Socrates makes himself appear to be a supremely law-abiding citizen who is executed even when escape is possible. This study maintains that Socrates vindicates his philosophy before the ordinary people of Athens by making a strong impression of his moral excellence and utility to others. His presentation of philosophy makes it possible that being convicted and executed are compatible with appearing virtuous and being respected. Socrates promotes his posthumous reputation as a great philosopher, and thus secures the life of philosophy after his death by mitigating the popular hostility against him and philosophy as such. Socrates' understanding of his trial leads us to his idea of the nature of philosophy and the city, and of their ideal relationship. This dissertation is therefore an introduction to Socratic political philosophy
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2011
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Political Science
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Kopman, Adam. "Plato's conception of philosophy: Socratic rhetoric in the Protagoras and the Gorgias." Thesis, Boston University, 1998. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/27690.
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Pantelides, Fotini. "On what Socrates hoped to achieve in the Agora : the Socratic act of turning our attention to the truth." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/21024.
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This thesis wants to say that Socrates was a teacher of his fellows. He engaged with them through dialogue because he cared for their wellbeing, or as he might have put it: for the state of their souls. He was an intellectual and he had an intellectualist view of people and reality. He felt that right-mindedness was reasonable; and thus he believed that learning and developing understanding brought people closer to being virtuous; to goodness; and so to mental health. Socrates was a philosopher, and he considered this to be the most prudent and exalted approach to life. He taught his fellows how to be philosophers, and he urged them as best he could to take up the philosophical stance. His form of care for others was ‘intellectualist’. He cared ‘for the souls of others’ and for his own with intellectual involvement because he believed that this was the most appropriate way. He had a view of the human soul that produced intellectualist views of what wellbeing is and how it is achieved. He himself was a humble and able thinker, and was fully devoted to being virtuous and to helping his fellows to do the same. This thesis addresses the question of what Socrates did in the agora (his aims) and how he went about doing it (his methodology). Our answer might seem obvious. One might wonder what is new about saying that Socrates was a philosopher, and that he cared for the souls of his fellows and that he urged them to become virtuous. Perhaps nothing of this is new. Nevertheless, we find that making this ‘simple’ statement about Socrates is not that simple at all. We find that in Socratic scholarship there exist a plethora of contrasting voices that make it rather difficult to formulate even such a basic description of what Socrates did. We do not wish to create a novel and different reading of Socrates. We do not think that this is even possible after civilization has been interpreting Socrates for millennia. We do not see innovation for its own sake as desirable. We prefer clear understanding to the eager ‘originality’. Therefore rather, our aim with this work is to defend and clarify a very basic picture of Socrates as an educator. We see this work as clearing away clutter so as to begin our life-long study of Socratic thought and action: by laying a foundation with which we can read Socratic works and discern their meaning.
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Jolissaint, Jena G. "Receiving Socrates' banquet : Plato, Schelling, and Irigaray on nature and sexual difference /." view abstract or download file of text, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=1126785941&SrchMode=1&sid=1&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1167333437&clientId=11238.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2006.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 204-208). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Rzechorzek, Peter, and mikewood@deakin edu au. "The ways of the philosopher: What Plato dodn't say." Deakin University. School of Humanities, 1989. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20051017.112729.
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Socrates' search is for direction in life, for how one should live. For him, an unexamined life is not worth living. The suggestion in this thesis is that Plato follows Socrates in asking the extremely relevant and practical question that seeks to discover the sort of life worthy of the human individual. For Plato, the answer involves the pursuit of knowledge and wisdom, it is, in short, to do philosophy. Socrates regards genuine philosophy as active and dialectical. Plato accepts the challenge of conveying this through the written word. Implicit in his dialogues is the idea that human wisdom is a fusion of the spiritual and the rational. The philosophic life is realised in practice by following the three interdependent ways of the philosopher, these are the ways of dialectics, death and love. These identify the philosophic life with a critically detached, yet passionate attitude to the world. However, this practical teaching is guided and informed by Plato's metaphysics, in particular his idea of the Good. A major task of this thesis is to show how the idea of the Good is relevant to ordinary human conduct.
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Shmikler, Joshua A. "Confronting the Philosophers: Socrates and the Eleatic Stranger in Plato's Sophist." Thesis, Boston College, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:104412.
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Thesis advisor: John SallisUnlike the vast majority of the Platonic dialogues, which feature Socrates as the primary interlocutor, the conversation depicted in Plato's Sophist is led by a Stranger from Elea. While some scholars claim that Socrates' silence throughout the majority of the dialogue and Plato's replacement of Socrates with another philosophic protagonist imply an abandonment of Plato's "earlier," Socratic concerns, careful attention to the Sophist suggests otherwise. In fact, the Sophist appears to be one of the few places in the Platonic corpus where Plato chooses to have two mature philosophers (Socrates and the Eleatic Stranger) confront each other. Plato's dramatic chronology suggests that the conversation depicted in the Sophist takes place the day after Socrates has heard the indictment against him. Thus, the Sophist is part of the series of Platonic dialogues that portray the last days of Socrates--the days leading up to his trial and execution at the hands of the Athenian multitude. At the beginning of the Sophist, Socrates playfully describes the Eleatic Stranger as a cross-examining philosopher-deity who has come to evaluate and judge his philosophical logoi. Additionally, Socrates encourages the Eleatic Stranger to explain the relationship between the philosopher and the sophistic appearance that the philosopher takes on before the ignorant multitude. Socrates remarks imply that while the Athenian demos may not have genuinely understood him, a more accurate inquest can be made by a fellow philosopher. In fact, in the Sophist, the Eleatic Stranger indirectly interrogates the philosophical claims made by Socrates in a variety of other Platonic dialogues. However, the Eleatic Stranger does not simply valorize Socrates' approach to philosophy. While the Eleatic Stranger and Socrates often share similar interests, concerns and conclusions, the Eleatic Stranger is also highly critical of and offers alternatives to some of Socrates' characteristic logoi. In this way, Plato appears to stage a philosophical trial of Socrates in the Sophist--one that encourages his readers to think deeply about the true character of the philosophical life. This dissertation examines the similarities and the differences between Plato's Socrates and the Eleatic Stranger in order to shed light on Plato's own conception of the nature and limits of the philosophical life. It takes the form of a commentary on Plato's Sophist and highlights the conflicts between Socrates and the Eleatic Stranger. Special attention is paid to the Eleatic Stranger and Socrates' disagreements about philosophical methodology and philosophical ontology, both of which are highlighted by the Stranger's critical remarks about Socratic logoi. It is argued that Plato does not side either with the Eleatic Stranger or with Socrates. Instead of simply dismissing one of his philosophical protagonists, Plato encourages his readers to confront both and, thus, begin the investigation of the true nature of philosophy for themselves
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2012
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Philosophy
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Sebell, Dustin. "The Foundations and Methods of Classical Political Science." Thesis, Boston College, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:104184.
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Thesis advisor: Robert C. BartlettThis dissertation is an attempt to understand and assess the presuppositions and methods of classical political science. In the first of its two parts, the dissertation examines the meaning of the traditional view, held by authorities as far removed from one another as Cicero and Hobbes, that Socrates was the founder of political philosophy. It does so by considering the intellectual autobiography that Socrates famously delivers in Plato's Phaedo. Socrates turned to the study of pre-scientific, common-sense moral and political opinions only after he had rejected, as a very young man, both the materialist and the teleological natural science of his philosophic predecessors. It is the task of the dissertation's first part to show how the general revolution in scientific thought presented in the Phaedo, a revolution known as "the Socratic turn," laid the theoretical groundwork for classical political philosophy's characteristic focus on pre-scientific, common-sense moral distinctions. After examining "the Socratic turn," the dissertation then outlines in its second part the approach to the study of politics that Aristotle advanced on the basis of it. In particular, Aristotle's statements on the method of political science in book I of the Ethics are shown to rely on the basic insights obtained through "the turn."
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2014
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Political Science
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Romero, Michael Ross. "Without the Least Tremor: The Significance of the Sacrifice of Socrates in Plato's Phaedo." Thesis, Boston College, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/3723.
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Thesis advisor: John SallisThis dissertation begins with a brief literature review of contemporary scholarship about sacrifice and the Phaedo. Chapter 1 provides a description of a Greek sacrificial ritual. Drawing on recent scholarship concerning Greek sacrificial practice, I conclude that the most significant feature of animal sacrifice was that it maintained a proportion between gods and men. In a sacrifice, a proportion between gods and men was enacted and set forth that would have been deeply interwoven with the day-to-day life of the polis, Chapter 2 argues that there are many similarities between the death scene and a Greek sacrificial ritual such that the entire mise-en-scène of the death scene has "the look" of a Greek sacrificial ritual. Since a Greek sacrificial ritual enacts a proportion between gods and men that is crucial for the maintenance of the city, we should expect that the death of Socrates in the Phaedo would enact a similar proportion by providing a logos of life and death. Nevertheless, there are elements in the death scene that also suggest a rupture of sacrificial economy. Chapter 3 offers a close reading of the "second sailing" passage in the Phaedo and argues that through it Socrates provides a way of doing philosophy that both acknowl-edges the limitations of mortals while seeking to set forth an account of life and death, of generation and destruction as a whole, that is proportionate. Although the death of Socrates in the Phaedo unfolds according to sacrificial themes it is not a tragedy, for its goal is to restore a version of the archaic ratio that is now appropriate for mortals who, after Socrates' self-sacrifice, are aware of their limitations. In witnessing the Phaedo one is offered a vision of an enactment of a proportion between gods and men such as one might have witnessed at a Greek sacrificial ritual. Chapter 4 explores the discussion of the soul and its relationship to the body in the Phaedo. An examination of the section in which Socrates calls death "nothing but a separation of the soul from the body" reveals that such a logos is really disproportionate and comic. In contrast to this view of the soul, I argue that Socrates presents a logos of the soul that can act "as if" it is other than itself. In this way, the soul is able to reconsti-tute itself as proportional. Finally, the epilogue points out the differences between my interpretation of the Phaedo and Nietzsche's. While Nietzsche sees the death of Socrates as enacting a pes-simistic view of embodiment, I contend that Socrates' death--seen as a sacrifice--may be linked to a Derridean notion of triage to reveal how the ethical situation of the Phaedo is really one of vigilance without reserve rather than salvation or escape
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2012
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Philosophy
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Ortega, Manez Maria. "Mimèsis en jeu. Une analyse de la relation entre théâtre et philosophie." Thesis, Paris 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA040170.
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Théâtre et philosophie présentent au long de leur histoire des modes d’interaction divers. L’approche privilégiée est ici l’analyse de la querelle qui opposa, au Ve siècle av. J.-C. en Grèce, deux de leurs représentants : Aristophane et Platon. Une analyse des œuvres qui véhiculent leurs attaques respectives permet de dégager les enjeux de cet affrontement ainsi que d’en mesurer la portée. Depuis cette perspective, la notion de mimèsis apparaît mise en jeu : terme d’origine théâtrale et portant essentiellement le sens du « jeu » de l’acteur, la mimèsis est utilisée par Platon comme l’argument majeur de sa critique de la poésie, autant que comme point d’articulation entre les deux mondes de son ontologie. La seconde partie de notre entreprise est consacrée à l’étude de l’élaboration platonicienne de ce concept dans la République. Cette synthèse est également opérée sur un plan littéraire par le dialogue en tant que forme d’écriture à la croisée entre philosophie et théâtre, que l’on aborde à travers l’étude des dialogues de Platon de ce double point de vue. On parvient ainsi à montrer, à partir des éléments analysés, qu’au cœur de l’opposition entre philosophie et théâtre s’ancre une liaison profonde, dont la nature contradictoire n’aura cessé de se manifester par la suite à travers le problème philosophique et le paradigme théâtral de la représentationTheatre and philosophy present diverse modes of interaction throughout their history. In order to interrogate their relationship, this investigation will focus on the analysis of the quarrel which, in the fifth century B.C. in Greece, opposes two of their representatives, Aristophanes and Plato. An analysis of the works that launch their respective attacks will enable us to reveal the stakes of this confrontation, as well as to evaluate their impact. From this perspective, the notion of mimèsis appears at stake but also « at play » – hence, it is en jeu: term of theatrical origins which essentially contains the meaning of the actor’s « play », mimèsis comprises not only the central argument of Plato’s critique of poetry, but furthermore, the articulation point between the two worlds of his ontology. The second part of our research is dedicated to the study of Plato’s elaboration of this concept in the Republic. This synthesis is also operated on a literal level by the dialogue as a writing form at a crossroads between philosophy and theatre, which we will approach through the examination of Plato’s dialogues from this double point of view. Taken together the different elements of our analysis reveal that, at the heart of their opposition, lies a deep bound whose contradictory nature has not ceased to manifest itself in the philosophical problem and the theatrical paradigm of representation
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Gushue, Alison E. "A Comparison of Xenophon and Plato's Apologies." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2011. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/268.
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Rizk, Michel. "Döden och odödligheten : En samtidskommentar till Platons Faidon." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för kultur och lärande, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-28243.
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The highest task of Philosophy, according to Socrates, is to teach man to die, to face death in the right way - the death in which the particular and the general are united, the death that concerns every one of us and at the same time does not concern anyone other than oneself . I agree completely with Socrates in his understanding of death - given that I have understood him correctly - and I believe that we should talk more about death and also dare to reflect upon the difficult issues that are related to it. This is not at all dangerous. But I take a very critical position in regard to his argument for immortality, the immortality of the soul, that is, the continued existence of the soul after the bodily, physical, death. Certainly, there may be a theoretical possibility that the soul somehow continues to exist after the physical death, but I do not think so. The only thing that remains of us, or rather after us, is the memory and the result of our actions in this life, that is, the result of the good or evil we have done against our fellow beings in this life. Death, in my opinion, understood as event or condition, is consequently one of the supernatural phenomena that makes us, we humans, human: a continuous inception and uncompleted wonder.
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Zoidis, Evangelos. "Driven far astray : a reading of ancient Greek thought." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368889.
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Whittington, Richard T. Bowery Anne-Marie. "Where is Socrates going? the philosophy of conversion in Plato's Euthydemus /." Waco, Tex. : Baylor University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2104/5216.
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Giorgi, Mauro Armond di. "Críton: tradução, análise e comentários." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8143/tde-24022011-100307/.
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Esta dissertação tem dois objetivos principais: (1) efetuar um estudo introdutório, concentrando-se sobretudo no argumento do diálogo que se encontra em 49a-c e (2) apresentar uma tradução do Críton de Platão em português a partir do original em grego. Quanto à tradução, esta está entremeada de notas e comentários que visam: (a) explicar o meu entendimento acerca das funções exercidas pelas partículas, que são abundantes no texto em grego; (b) esclarecer a sintaxe dos trechos que considerei mais complexos; (c) fundamentar algumas das opções que adotei na tradução; (d) explicar algumas referências a nomes, lugares e trechos de obras citados no texto original; e, finalmente, (e) evidenciar alguns pontos do Críton que não são tratados diretamente nesta dissertação, mas que são objetos de estudo e discussão entre os comentadores de Platão. Quanto ao trecho 49a-c, Sócrates propõe nele um princípio que limita a retaliação em resposta a uma injustiça qualquer sofrida. O estudo que me propus a fazer consiste em (a) evidenciar algumas ambigüidades presentes na formulação de tal princípio e em (b) uma análise das interpretações de três importantes comentadores de Platão sobre este tema.This dissertation has two main objectives: (1) to perform a introductory study concerning the argument of the dialogue which lies in the passage 49a-c and (2) to present a translation of Platos Crito from the original text in Greek into Portuguese. With relation to the translation, it is interspersed with notes and commentaries whose intentions are: (a) to explain my understanding of the functions performed by the particles, which are plentiful in the text; (b) to clarify the syntax of the passages I considered more difficult; (c) to give support to some choices I adopted in the translation; (d) to explain some references to names, places and passages of other works mentioned in the original text; and, finally, (e) to point out some passages of the Crito with which I do not deal in this dissertation, but which are objects of study and discussion among the commentators on Plato. With relation to the passage 49a-c, Socrates proposes in it a principle that limits the retaliation in response to an injustice suffered. The study I intended to perform consists (a) in pointing out some ambiguities in the formulation of this principle and (b) in analyzing the interpretations of this passage performed by three important commentators on Plato.
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Issler, Daniel William. "The role of afterlife myths in Plato's moral arguments." unrestricted, 2009. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-05112009-121410/.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Georgia State University, 2009.Title from file title page. Tim O'Keefe, committee chair ; Andrew I. Cohen, Jessica Berry, committee members. Electronic text (53 p.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed October 24, 2009. Includes bibliographical references (p. 53).
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CAMPOS, ANTONIO JOSE VIEIRA DE QUEIROS. "THE SOCRATES EIRONEÍA AND THE THE PLATO S IRONY IN THE EARLY DIALOGUES: (A CRITICAL VIEW ON PROFESSOR VLASTOS S NOTION OF SOCRATES COMPLEX IRONY)." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2016. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=29362@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
Esta tese tem um propósito estratégico e um tático. O estratégico diz respeito a propor uma leitura dos chamados primeiros diálogos socráticos, que leve, tanto quanto possível, a uma maior preocupação com o aspecto literário dos textos em sua indissolúvel ligação com o conteúdo filosófico, tentando encontrar temas , e estratagemas discursivos que consubstanciem , na inédita e irrepetível narratividade filosófica platônica, a inextricável relação entre forma e conteúdo, literatura e filosofia, mímesis e denuncia da mímesis, relação esta que não pode ser resumida ou banalizada em perspectivas interpretativas que apenas concedem à dramaturgia e narratividade platônicas papel secundário, instrumental, na composição do corpus platonicum, entendendo os diálogos como mera forma literária de se expressarem doutrinas ou pensamentos filosóficos. Dentro desse enquadramento geral, pretende-se apresentar como as chamadas eironeía socrática e a ironia platônica podem ter-se constituído no único (ou pelo menos o mais perfeito) elemento de aproximação ou mesmo de identificação entre a visão dualista de mundo platônica – com suas perplexidades e até ambiguidades teóricas – e a construção de sua literatura , onde sobressai o personagem Sócrates , enigmático, atópico, paradoxal, enfim, tão aparentemente dúplice quanto possível para um ser humano. E nada como um procedimento comumente associado à ordem da retórica, ou seja, da literatura, - a ironia- para unificar o dualismo platônico e as ambiguidades de seu protagonista, Sócrates. Nesse processo, se verá como essa ironia, retirada de seu âmbito do meramente linguístico e apresentada como o elemento –síntese dos sokratikoì lógoi, será corpo (literatura) e alma (filosofia) da mais bela construção literário-filosófica do Ocidente plasmada pelo gênio de Platão. Por outro lado, do ponto de vista tático, a tese aborda a importância da distinção entre o uso que Platão faz da eironeía na sua acepção mais antiga na língua grega, de viés pejorativo, como engano, trapaça, dolo etc e encarna tal noção em seu protagonista Sócrates, e a noção moderna de ironia, que hoje reduzimos a mera figura de estilo ou de linguagem, que indica elegância , bom gosto e sofisticação no falar. Para tanto, estabelecemos uma controvérsia com Gregory Vlastos, na esteira da polêmica provocada por esse ilustre comentador de Platão, de que apresentamos os principais críticos, a propósito de sua noção de ironia complexa para dar conta das perplexidades na leitura dos diálogos decorrentes do uso multifacetado e fascinante do recurso da ironia. Esse movimento tático do debate é importante por ser Vlastos uma referência desde o último lustro do século XX sobre temas socráticos, sobretudo o conceito de ironia complexa e conhecimento elênctico. Além disso, tento avançar a hipótese de que seria exatamente a tendência da leitura de Vlastos no sentido de subestimar o papel da literatura no modo dialético de Platão fazer filosofia, e o privilégio quase absoluto que deu a um exame dos textos do fundador da Academia recortando-lhe de preferência seu dizer apofântico, de modo obstinada e exclusivamente analítico, em detrimento de uma contextualização dramática, tudo isso, enfim, redundou em uma leitura profundamente descontextualizada e anti-literária da obra do filósofo. Esta seria, ao meu ver, também a raiz de sua equivocada e limitada compreensão do misterioso personagem Sócrates, que em sua explicação, no esforço de elucidá-lo em sua evasividade e astúcias discursivas, termina por sobrecarregá-lo ainda mais de perplexidades invencíveis. No afã assumido de salvar Sócrates (que ele praticamente toma como apenas retratado em sua historicidade por Platão) de qualquer acusação de conduta sofística ou de uso de expedientes enganadores, Vlastos talvez o tenha submerso em ainda mais aporias do que ele próprio teria criado nos diálogos que protagoniza, na consumação de seu método de pe
This thesis has both an strategic and a tactical goal. The strategic goal has to do with proposing some reading of the so called early socratic dialogues that guides the reader, as much as possible, to a major concern with the dialogues literary aspects in its indissoluble connection with its philosophic contente, trying to find themes and discursive manoeuvres that may consubstantiate, in the unprecedented and unique platonic philosophic narrativity, the inextricable relation between form and content, literature and philosophy, mímesis and mimesis disruption at a time. This relation form/content in Plato shouldn t be abridged nor trivialized in interpretive views that just allow platonic dramaturgy and narrativity a secundary and instrumental role in the corpus platonicum composition, assuming the dialogues as a mere literary form for doctrines and philosophic thoughts being expressed. In this general frame, this thesis intends to show how the so called socratic eironeía and platonic irony may have beeen converted in the only (or t least the most perfect) element of approximation or even of identification between the Plato s dualistic view over the world – with all its puzzles and theoretical ambiguities – and the construction of his own literature, where his character Socrates stands out, as enigmatic, atopic, paradoxical, in a word, as dubious as possible for a human being. And there s nothing like a procedure commonly associated to rethoric field, that is, to literature, - irony – to unifiy the platonic dualism and the ambiguities of his protagonist, Sócrates. In this process, we ll see how this irony, withdrawn from its merely linguistic field and shown as the key-element of the sokratikoì lógoi, wil be body (literature) and soul (philosophy) for the most beautiful literary-philosophioc construction of western world, put together by Plato s genius. On the other hand, from tatics point of view, this thesis takes up the importance of the distinction between the use Plato gives to eironeía, in his most ancient meaning in greek, clearly derogatory, in a sense of trickery, deceit, fraud etc, and embody this connotation into his protagonits Socrates, and, in the other corner, the modern notion of irony, shrunken nowadays to mere tropos or figure of speech, something that depicts the tallker as someone elegant and refined with the words. In order to convey all that, I engaged myself into a controversy with Gregory Vlastos, putting myself in the middle of a well known polemic raised by this conspicuous commentator of Plato, whose most influent reviewers are presented here with respect to his notion of complex irony, in order to exhibit how many puzzlings the manifold use of the term eironeía could bring even to the best readers of the dialogues. This tactical moment of all that contention is relevant, once we know Vlastos to be a reference, since the last decades of twentieth century about socratic subjects, and mostly when it comes to his concepts of complex irony and elenctic knowledge. Furthermore, I try toi advance a hypothesis according to which it has been exactly the tendency of Vlastos to underestimate the role of literature in the dialectic manner of Plato deal with philosophy, and thealmost absolute priviledge given by Vlastos to comment on what is said by the characters in an apophantic way rather than taking heed to dramatic contextualization, all this, to my view,has resulted in a reading profoundly uncontextualized and not literary of the philosopher wrntings. That would be too the root of his misleading and limited comprehension of the isterious character Socrates, who in the Vlatos account, instead of clariflying and trying to expose the real motives for his evasiveness and discoursive trickeries, he finishes his analysis by overloadind Socrates with even more invencible puzzles. In Vlastos anxiety to save Socrates (who he takes to be the historic one) from any accusation of bewing sophistic or of using deceitful devcves in the elenchus, Vlastos perhaps had submerged the philosopher in
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Huang, Juin-Lung. "Law, reconciliation and philosophy : Athenian democracy at the end of the fifth century B.C. /." St Andrews, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/437.
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O'Neill, Seamus Joseph. "The unity of Plato's Symposium." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ62410.pdf.
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Leibowitz, Lisa Shoichet. "On hedonism and moral longing the Socratic critique of sophistic education in Plato's "Protagoras" /." Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2006.
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Pasqualoni, Anthony Michael. "Collection and division in Plato's Dialogues." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/22927.
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Plato describes a way of reasoning that comprises two complementary operations, collection and division. Collection unifies many into one while division divides one into many. In other words, while collection brings together many parts into a whole, division divides a whole into many parts. While Plato goes into some detail in his observations on collection and division, several questions remain unanswered. More specifically, the means by which collection and division operate, their product, and their relation to deductive and non-deductive reasoning are uncertain. The purpose of this study is to shed light on collection and division by defending the following thesis: collection and division define logical frameworks that underlie both deductive and non-deductive reasoning. Chapter 1 will introduce collection and division by reviewing recent literature, defining key terms, and discussing illustrations of collection and division in the dialogues. Chapter 2 will explain how collection and division define logical frameworks through three operations: seeing, naming, and placing. These operations will be discussed in terms of their relations to reasoning about wholes and parts. Chapter 3 will present four models for interpreting the logical structures that are produced by collection and division. It will present the argument that collection and division define non-hierarchical structures of overlapping parts. Chapter 4 will present the argument that collection and division define whole-part relations that underlie deductive reasoning on the one hand, and the formulation of definitions in dialogues such as the Sophist and the Statesman on the other. Chapter 5 will explore the relation between collection and division and non-deductive reasoning. It will present the argument that Meno’s definition of virtue and Euthyphro’s definition of piety are formulated using collection and division. Chapter 6 will provide a summary of key points from the preceding chapters and discuss unanswered questions and avenues for future research.
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CAMPOS, ANTONIO JOSE VIEIRA DE QUEIROS. "PLATO, READER OF ARISTOPHANES: ELEMENTS FOR AN INTERTEXTUAL AND PROLEPTIC READING OF THE APOLOGY OF SOCRATES." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2011. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=34789@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROPlatão, Leitor de Aristófanes (Elementos para uma leitura intertextual e proléptica da Apologia de Sócrates) mostra a dívida platônica e suas consequências literário-político-filosóficas com a herança cultural e literária de seu tempo, sobretudo a proveniente da Comédia Antiga, ressaltando, muito especialmente, a contribuição de Aristófanes na configuração dramático-filosófica da obra inicial de Platão. Dá ênfase à dimensão de intertextualidade inerente ao corpus platonicum. Examina criticamente a tese hermenêutica de Charles Kahn, fundada em seu conceito de prolepse, tentando ampliar sua aplicação a um número maior de diálogos platônicos e incorporando a essa noção elementos literário-políticos. Finalmente, dá atenção especial à interpretação de três temas concebidos como cruciais para uma compreensão intertextual e proléptica da obra considerada como inaugural na carreira platônica de escritor e filósofo, a Apologia de Sócrates: o episódio do oráculo de Delfos, o significado do elenco socrático e de sua aplicação e a diferenciação entre a chamada ironia socrática e uma possível ironia platônica.
Plato, Reader of Aristophanes (Elements for an intertextual and proleptic reading of The Apology of Socrates) shows the platonic debt to the cultural and literary heritage of his time, mostly to Ancient Comedy, highlighting Aristophanes contribution to the dramatic and philosophical configuration of Plato s initial work. It stresses the intertextual dimension inherent to the platonicum corpus. Another goal is a critical inquiry into the hermeneutic thesis by Kahn, founded on his concept of prolepsis, with the intention of broadening its appliccation to a larger number of platonic dialogues through incorporating literary and political elements to this notion. Finally, special attention is given to the interpretation of three crucial themes to an intertextual and proleptic comprehension of what is considered the first dialogue of the platonic career as writer and philosopher, the Apology of Socrates: the Delphi oracle episode, the socratic elenchus’ significance and application and the distinction between the so-called socratic irony and a possible platonic irony.
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Mallet, Joan. "La question de la theía moîra chez Platon." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MON30029.
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La theía moîra dans la philosophie de Platon demeure étonnamment peu étudiée au point même de souffrir d’un silence exégétique préjudiciable malgré des tentatives chez les commentateurs germaniques (Zeller), français (Souilhé, Des Places) ou encore anglo-saxons (Berry, Greene). S’illustrant tout au long de son œuvre, la theía moîra n’est ni assignable à une signification définitive, ni réductible à une traduction unique, ni associable à un champ thématique déterminé. Cette disparité s’avérant problématique et propre à susciter l’étonnement, notre travail propose un modèle interprétatif pour la theía moîra articulé autour d’une double exigence. En premier lieu, notre travail montre les insuffisances des analyses existantes de la theía moîra en insistant particulièrement sur les tendances réductrices inhérentes à ces études (approche sceptique, ironique, taxinomique, génétique ou encore anachronique). En second lieu, notre travail établit une méthode d’étude de la theía moîra centrée autour de pôles de significations (sophistiques, socratiques, extatiques, techniques, épistémologiques et politiques) dans le but de comprendre la complexité de la theía moîra. Plus précisément, notre travail montre que ces pôles de significations suivent le plus souvent un triple mouvement de formulation, de mise à l’écart et de réactivation au sein du corpus platonicien et que ce triple mouvement entend répondre à la variété des problèmes et des difficultés qui parcourent l’œuvre de PlatonSurprisingly, scholars have always paid a relatively limited attention to Plato’s theía moîra - an academic silence which proved damaging to its exegetical analysis. Notwithstanding the contributions of German (Zeller), French (Souihlé, Des Places) or British and American (Berry, Greene) specialists, who all tried to interpret the theía moîra, these attempts failed to offer a satisfactory analysis of Plato’s θεία μοῖρα. Though Plato refers to the theía moîra many times in his work, it is extremely difficult to either precisely define or to supply a definitive translation of the theía moîra. Nor can one easily make it fit into any preconceived thematic field.This disparity, as surprising as it may seem, nevertheless poses a certain number of problems. Our work aims to provide an interpretative framework for the theía moîra revolving around two main axes. First, we will demonstrate the limits of the existing body of scholarly work by pointing out the over-simplification of the theía moîra inherent to those studies (particularly the skeptical, ironic, taxonomic, genetic and anachronistic approaches). Second, so as to understand the complexity of the meaning of the theía moîra, our work intends to establish a methodology built upon pivotal aspects and meanings (sophistic, Socratic, ecstatic, technical, epistemological and political). More precisely, the ambition of this work is to show that these pivotal aspects and meanings are very often guided by a triple principle of formulation, neglect and rediscovery and that this triple principle serves to provide an answer to the multiplicity of questions and difficulties which readers are accustomed to meet in Plato’s work
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Angelini, Marco. "The myth of rationality : on the antinomic structure of reason; the dialectical response of Socrates and Plato." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268238.
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Fan, Li. "Love and madness in Plato's Phaedrus." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/8424.
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The central thesis of the dissertation is that in the Phaedrus philosophy is presented as a kind of madness in a strict sense, that is to say, the claim is not that philosophy is necessarily unappreciated by the many, hence considered by their standards as insane, but that the philosophical soul is in a way not in rational control, but in a state of mind that can fairly be defined as madness, and that the philosophical life is arranged in order to visit or revisit this state of mind. Socrates' account of eros and madness is based on his account of the soul, thus the first chapter shall give a close reading of Socrates' account of the soul. The second chapter, in turn, interprets Socrates' account of eros in light of his account of the soul. The third chapter, again, looks into Socrates' depiction of eros as a certain kind of madness in light of the first two chapters, focusing respectively on the following three characterizations: madness as the opposite of sōphrosunē, madness as the opposite of tekhnē, and madness as the core of the best human life, namely, the philosophical life. This dissertation, hopefully, gives a faithful interpretation of Socrates' account of eros in the Phaedrus on the one hand, on the other hand reveals the rationale behind Socrates' conception of eros and its highest form, philosophy, as a kind of divine madness. By doing so, I wish to contribute to our understanding of Plato's Socrates and his life as a paradigm of philosophy.
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Quinalia, Rineu [UNIFESP]. "Sobre o Belo em Platão: um estudo a respeito do Hípias Maior." Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2013. http://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/39309.
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O presente trabalho tem como objetivo oferecer uma leitura do Hípias Maior de Platão pretendendo discutir a respeito da possibilidade de o diálogo apresentar as primeiras discussões sobre o conceito inteligível do Belo.
This paper aims to offer a reading of Plato's Greater Hippias intending to discuss about the possibility of dialogue present the first discussions on the concept of Fine intelligible.
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Vendetti, Rebecca A. "What Eros and Anamnesis Can Tell Us About Knowledge of Virtue in Plato's Protagoras, Symposium, and Meno." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20648.
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The goal of this thesis is ultimately to answer the two questions raised and left unresolved in Plato’s Protagoras: What is virtue? Is virtue teachable? Following the dramatic order of Plato’s dialogues as outlined by Catherine Zuckert, I intend to show that the Meno returns to the issues raised and left unresolved in the Protagoras, but now with the idea of recollection. My intention is to look at how the idea of recollection, developed and associated with eros in the intervening dialogues, can help explain the nature of virtue and its teachability. I believe that we can come to answer both questions, “What is virtue?” and “Is virtue teachable?” posed in the Protagoras and the Meno by drawing on the ideas of anamnesis and eros as they appear in the Meno, Phaedrus, and Symposium.
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Marguerite, Nolan. "A Conversation with Plato : An Enquiry into the Philosophical and Dramatic Role of the Respondents and Socrates in Plato's Republic." Thesis, Open University, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.518273.
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Plato appears to have used the genre of the philosophical dialogue in a unique way. It could be interpreted as philosophy with dramatic elements, or drama with philosophical arguments, or possibly a mixture of both. This has made it difficult for scholars to gain a clear understanding of Plato and his dialogues. To date, little attention has been paid by commentators to the dramatic and literary aspects of Republic Books II to X. This study has been inspired by the recent debates concerning the dramatic and literary aspects of Plato's dialogues and especially the debates concerning the connections between the philosophical, dramatic and literary aspects of these works. It attempts to add to the scholarship to date by carrying out a detailed investigation of the Republic as a whole, rather than focusing primarily on Book I. This enquiry considers the philosophical and dramatic role of the respondents and Socrates in the Republic. Particular attention is paid to the theme of uncertainty and problematising which runs through the dialogue in the different methods of enquiry adopted by Socrates and the respondents. The examples considered of the input from the respondents, especially Thrasymachus, Glaucon and Adeimantus, together with Socrates' reaction to these, alert the reader to some important connections between the philosophical and dramatic aspects of the Republic. These connections would not become evident from a study of the work from a purely philosophical or literary perspective. They help the reader to gain a broader understanding of the work as a whole and what message or messages Plato may have been trying to convey. They also suggest the need for caution in selecting a particular interpretation of the dialogue as a whole
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Seferoglu, Tonguc. "The Importance Of The Meno On The Transition From The Early To The Middle Platonic Dialogues." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614326/index.pdf.
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The purpose of the present study is to signify the explanatory value of the Meno on the coherence as well as the disparateness of the Plato&rsquos early and middle dialogues. Indeed, the Meno exposes the transition on the content and form of these dialogues. The first part of the dialogue resembles the Socrates&rsquo
way of investigation, the so-called Elenchus, whereas Plato presents his own philosophical project in the second part of the dialogue. Three fundamental elements of Plato&rsquo
s middle dialogues explicitly arise for the very first time in the Meno, namely
the recollection, the hypothetical method and reasoning out the explanation. Therefore, the connexion of the early and middle dialogues can be understood better if the structure of the Meno is analyzed properly. In other words, the Meno is the keystone dialogue which enables the readers of Plato to sense the development in Socratic-Platonic philosophy.
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Sklar, Lisa Dawn. "Plato's Crito a deontological reading /." Orlando, Fla. : University of Central Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/CFE0002553.
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Silva, Jose Wilson da. "A unidade das virtudes nos diálogos socráticos: uma questão de método." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8133/tde-09012008-101326/.
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Entre as teses do socratismo presentes nos primeiros Diálogos de Platão, é sobre a tese da unidade das virtudes que recaem nossos olhares nesta presente pesquisa e, particularmente, sobre as duas teses exegéticas acerca do estatuto desta unidade, a saber: a tese da bicondicionalidade e a tese da identidade. Encontramos, no desenvolver da pesquisa, insuficiências em ambas as teses. Por meio destas insuficiências chegamos a uma hipótese interpretativa: a tese da unidade das virtudes, nos diálogos socráticos, é iluminada pelo método dialético platônico. Porém, tal afirmação pressupõe uma incompatibilidade com o método socrático presente nestes Diálogos conhecido como método elênctico: ou temos o método elênctico ou o dialético. Logo, para que a pesquisa alcance um final satisfatório, apresentamos duas soluções: 1) as duas teses clássicas da unidade das virtudes fazem parte de uma terceira fundada na dialética, a dialética implica a identidade das virtudes que implica a sua inseparabilidade e a distinção entre as partes; e 2) o método elênctico, enquanto negativo que se encaminha para uma tese positiva, é um dos componentes do método dialético.Among the Socrates\' theses found in the first Dialogues of Plato, there is one, about the unity of the virtues, which will concern us in our present research. More specifically, we will be interested in examining two ways of explaining the unity of virtues: the bicondicionality thesis and the identity thesis. We have found shortcomings in both theses. To avoid these shortcomings we propose as an interpretative hypothesis: the unity of the virtues thesis, in the Socratic Dialogues, is explained by the dialectical Platonic method. However, this affirmation has to deal with an alleged incompatibility between the Socratic elenctic method and the properly dialectical method, as it is developed in later Dialogues. So, we present two solutions to have a satisfactory final result for this research: 1) the two classic ways of explaining the unity of the virtues are part of a distinct thesis, the one based on dialectic, for dialectic implies the identity of virtues, which implies their inseparability and the difference of their parts; and 2) the elenctic method, a negative thesis, points to a positive one, that is, to the dialectical method.
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Rojas, Lorena. "De amore: Sócrates y Alcibíades en el Banquete de Platón." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú - Departamento de Humanidades, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/113160.
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De amore: Socrates and Alcibiades in Plato’s Symposium”. This articleproposes to study the relationship between Socrates and Alcibiades according toPlato’s Symposium. By these means, we seek to relect upon the other kind of lovewhich Socrates also exempliies in the dialogue, with the aim of understandingSocrates’ behavior towards Alcibiades beyond the moral contraposition betweenthe spiritual love of contemplation and the earthly love of Alcibiades. Moreover,we aim to present an approach to this relationship without identifying it with aSocratic conirmation of Diotima’s version. To this end, we will not neglect theimportant homoerotic atmosphere of the dialogue and the epoch.Este artículo se propone estudiar las relaciones entre Sócrates y Alcibíades según la versión de Platón en el Banquete. Con ello, se busca relexionar acerca del otro tipo de amor del que Sócrates también es protagonista en el diálogo, con el fin de comprender su comportamiento con Alcibíades, más allá de contraponer moralmente el amor espiritual de la contemplación y el amor terrenal de Alcibíades. Más aun, se busca una lectura sobre la relación sin ver en ella necesariamente la confirmación socrática de la versión de Diotima. Para tal fin, no se omite el ambiente homoerótico propio del diálogo ni de la época.
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Pinson, Remy P. "What's Love Got to Do with It? An Exploration of the Symposium and Plato's Love." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/740.
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To many people love is special, sacred even. Love plays a countless number of roles for a countless number of people. Contemporary ideas about love, however, are more in alignment with the philosophies of Aristotle, and not of Plato. Aristotle held that love could exist as many people see it today – wishing well for others purely for their own sake. But Plato disagreed. Plato claimed that love was a way by which one could better themselves and become wiser. In this thesis, I explain Plato’s theory of love put forth in the Symposium. I also explore the textual evidence for the selfish nature of Plato’s love.
44
Lachance, Geneviève. "La conception platonicienne de la contradiction." Thesis, Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040023.
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Cette thèse se rapporte à la notion de contradiction, entendue en son sens logique ou formel. Plus précisément, elle vise à dégager une conception de la contradiction chez un philosophe qui, du point de vue chronologique, précède l’avènement de la syllogistique et de la logique : Platon. À partir de l’examen des dialogues réfutatifs de Platon, il s’agira de mettre en lumière la forme des propositions contradictoires, de déterminer la terminologie et les métaphores utilisées par Platon pour nommer et décrire la contradiction et d’évaluer le contexte dans lequel avait lieu la réflexion platonicienne. L’analyse révélera que Platon se faisait une idée somme toute assez précise de la contradiction logique et qu’il a même eu une influence sur Aristote lorsque ce dernier élabora son célèbre principe de non-contradictionThis thesis examines the notion of contradiction understood in its logical or formal sense. Specifically, it seeks to study that notion in a philosopher who, chronologically speaking, precedes the advent of syllogistic or logic: Plato. Based on an analysis of Plato’s refutative dialogues, this thesis will determine the form given by Plato to contradictory propositions, unveil the terminology and metaphors used by Plato to name and describe contradictions and evaluate the context in which Plato reflected upon contradiction. The analysis will reveal that Plato had a very clear idea of what is a logical contradiction and that he even had an influence on Aristotle when the latter defined his famous principle of non-contradiction
45
Cecconi, Nicole Marie. "Irony, Finitude and the Good Life." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2007. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/philosophy_theses/29.
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“Irony, Finitude and The Good Life,” examines the notion that Socrates, as he is portrayed in the Platonic dialogues, ought to be viewed and interpreted as a teacher. If this assertion is correct, then it is both appropriate and useful to look to the dialogues for instruction on how to live a philosophical life. This thesis will argue that to look at Socrates as a teacher, a figure who imparts knowledge to those around him on how to live a philosophical life, misses the very conception of the good life that Plato sought to personify when he created the character of Socrates. The proceeding discussion draws upon the work of Alexander Nehamas and Drew Hyland, offering an alternate interpretation of the Symposium. This interpretation argues that viewing Socrates as a teacher falsely idealizes the philosophical life, in turn neglecting Plato’s greater legacy for his character—a legacy in which true virtue lies in exposing the creative possibility inherent in living a philosophical life and prompting one’s own expression of a life inspired by the legacy of Socrates.
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Johansson, Einar. "Frivilliga fel : den sokratiska paradoxen och Platons Staten." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Filosofiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-419137.
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I denna uppsats undersöker jag hur två olika tolkningar av den sokratiska frivillighetsparadoxen ingen gör fel frivilligt påverkar möjligheten att förstå Platons dialog Staten. Min hypotes är att de två tolkningarna av frivillighetsparadoxen kastar ljus över diskussionen i Staten, och att det är nödvändigt att förstå frivillighetsparadoxens roll för att förstå vad som står på spel i Staten. I uppsatsen ämnar jag visa att ett möjligt sätt att läsa Staten är att tolka Sokrates och de övriga samtalsdeltagarnas uttalanden baserat på kontexten, eftersom vissa uttalanden är polemiska i sin karaktär, medan andra är traditionella. Jag argumenterar för att såväl den traditionella synen på Sokrates som den polemiska dito är korrekta analyser av Sokrates filosofiska gärning, men inte heltäckande sådana, eftersom Sokrates ibland är polemisk – mot de som kvickt måste nedkämpas – och ibland är instruerande på traditionellt manér, mot de som kan förbättras genom det filosofiska samtalet. Detta sätt att läsa Staten skiljer sig från andra genom att läsaren bör avstå a priori-uppfattningar om Sokrates, Thrasymakos eller Glaukons och Adeimantos ståndpunkter till förmån för att tolka beteenden hos samtalsdeltagarna samt deras uppfattningar, vilka förmedlas av texten.
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Brooks, Barbara Honey. "An examination of the influence of Socrates and 3 ancient mystery schools on Plato, his future theories of the soul and spirit, and system of soul-centred education as portrayed in his Republic with educational implications for today /." Thesis, McGill University, 1997. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=26680.
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An examination is made of important influences that shaped both the development of Plato's religious and philosophical teachings/theories of the Soul and Spirit which were based on core Spiritual Laws or Principles, and his scheme of education as outlined in the Republic. Included are Plato's early years and the teachings and influence of Socrates and the Orphic, Pythagorean and Eleusinian Mystery Schools. Plato's system of education is shown to be very much influenced by the Pythagoreans, to involve the 'Principle of Initiation' and to be soul-centered, where all thought is related to 'The One'. The conclusion is that the philosophy and teaching of education today tends to ignore the important integrative principle of unity--the Soul/Spirit connection. A renewed philosophy and scheme of education is introduced incorporating a vision of the whole person.
48
Dypedokk, Johnsen Hege. "Erôs and Education : Socratic Seduction in Three Platonic Dialogues." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Filosofiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-133025.
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Plato’s Socrates is famous for claiming that “I know one thing: That I know nothing” (see e.g. Ap. 21d and Meno 81d). There is one subject that Socrates repeatedly claims to have expertise in, however: ta erôtika (see e.g. Symp. 198d1). Socrates also refers to this expertise as his erôtikê technê (Phdr. 257a7–8), which may be translated as “erotic expertise”. In this dissertation, I investigate Socrates’ erotic expertise: what kind of expertise is it, what is it constituted by, where is it put into practice, and how is it practiced? I argue that the purposes this expertise serve are, to a significant extent, educational in nature. After first having clarified the dissertation’s topic and aim, as well as my methodological approach, I present an initial account of erôs and Socrates’ erotic expertise. While discussing what constitutes Socrates’ erotic expertise, I account for two erotic educational methods: midwifery and matchmaking. I further argue that these methods tend to be accompanied by two psychological techniques, namely charming and shaming. I argue that these methods and techniques are systematically applied by Socrates when he puts his erotic expertise into practice. In the dissertation, three dialogues where Socrates practices his erotic expertise are scrutinized: Lysis, Charmides, and Alcibiades I. I focus on Socrates’ encounters with the eponymous youths of the dialogues, and each dialogue is devoted a chapter of its own. I show how these dialogues are erotically charged, and also how Socrates in these dialogues demonstrates his erotic expertise. I argue that Socrates’ expertise on erôs plays an essential role in his attempts to engage the three youths in the processes of self-cultivation, learning, and the very practice of philosophy. In the final chapter of the dissertation I turn to some questions that arise in light of my readings, and summarize the results of my investigation.
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Moschetta, Massimiliano. "Carlo Michelstaedter Persuasion and rhetoric /." unrestricted, 2007. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-12132007-082309/.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Georgia State University, 2007.Title from file title page. Louis A. Ruprecht, Jr., committee chair; Angelo Restivo, Melissa Merritt, Christopher White, committee members. Electronic text (56 p.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed Feb. 6, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 54-56).
50
Colrat, Paul. "Le mythe du philosophe-roi : savoir, pouvoir et salut dans la philosophie politique de Platonε." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMC005.
Full textAbstract:
La question du règne des philosophes ne se comprend qu’au prix d’un détour par les marges de la politique classique. D’abord nous avons montré que ces marges sont définies historiquement par un discours qui articule le règne, le savoir et le salut (chapitre I). Puis nous avons montré que la notion de règne, dès lors qu’elle est attribuée à des philosophes, s’établit dans les marges de la notion classique de basilein, en en subvertissant le sens classique (chapitre II). Ensuite nous avons montré que le discours sur le règne des philosophes est une tentative venant des marges de la politique pour subvertir en en faisant usage, c’est-à-dire pour destituer, la liaison classique entre le muthos et l’unification politique (chapitre III), ce qui a impliqué de comprendre comment le philosophe peut être aux marges de la politique tout en en étant le fondement (chapitre IV). Cela nous a conduit à voir que le philosophe est en marge par rapport à l’exigence d’être utile à la cité (chapitre V) et par rapport à l’exigence d’un savoir fondé sur l’expérience (chapitre VI). Enfin, nous avons essayé de montrer que le règne des philosophes s’inscrit dans la recherche du salut de la cité, thème marginal dans les études sur Platon (chapitre VII)The question of the philosophers’ reign can only be understood at the cost of a detour through the margins of classical politics. First of all, I have shown that these margins have historically been defined by a discourse focusing on the relationship between kingdom, knowledge and salvation (chapter 1). I have then shown that the notion of kingdom itself, when it is attributed to philosophers, positions itself in the margins of the notion of basilein, while actively subverting its classical meaning (chapter 2). The discourse about the philosophers’ reign must therefore be understood as an attempt coming from the margins of politics to use the traditional relation between the muthos and political unification, in order to subvert it, namely, to depose it. This required me to explore the way in which the philosopher can simultaneously be in the margins of politics and at the very foundation of politics (chapter 4). The philosopher’s position in the city is doubly marginal: first, he is not subject to the imperative to be useful to the city (chapter 5), and secondly, he is not subject to the imperative to ground knowledge in experience (chapter 6). Finally, I have set out to show that the philosophers’ reign inscribes itself within a quest for the city’s salvation, a theme that is itself marginal in Plato studies, and deserves more attention than it has hitherto received (chapter 7)