Relevant bibliographies by topics / SODAR

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
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Academic literature on the topic 'SODAR'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 22 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "SODAR"

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Anandan, V. K., M. Shravan Kumar, and I. Srinivasa Rao. "First Results of Experimental Tests of the Newly Developed NARL Phased-Array Doppler Sodar." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 25, no. 10 (October 1, 2008): 1778–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jtecha1050.1.

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Abstract A multifrequency phased-array Doppler sodar system has been installed recently at the National Atmospheric Research Laboratory (NARL) for the continuous observation of the lower atmosphere from near ground to the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). The NARL sodar, developed in technical collaboration with the Society for Applied Microwave Electronics Engineering and Research (SAMEER), was built using piezoceramic tweeters, which are capable of generating 100-W acoustic power. In favorable atmospheric conditions, the sodar gives wind profiles up to 1 km. The performance evaluation is one of the most important aspects for quality assurance of sodar operations. This paper presents the first results of experimental observations of the NARL sodar system and its scientific validation. The NARL sodar has been validated using the simultaneous observation of another sodar system (Scintec model MFAS64). Various physical parameters of the atmosphere are derived using the results obtained from both of the systems. Comparison of simultaneous measurements by both of the sodars, located about 100 m apart, shows good agreement on wind speed, wind direction, and vertical wind variance. The correlation coefficient of more than 0.80 in wind speed and direction between the sodars shows the usefulness of the system for observing the atmosphere and deriving physical parameters below the ABL.
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Bradley, Stuart, and Sabine von Hünerbein. "Beam Geometry Calibration of Sodars without Use of a Mast." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 30, no. 9 (September 1, 2013): 2161–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-12-00112.1.

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Abstract A new method for calibration of sodar wind speed measurements is described. The method makes no assumptions whatsoever about the sodar operation and its hardware and software, other than the assumption that only one beam is transmitted at a time. Regardless of the complexity of the actual beam shape, the effective beam zenith angle is accurately estimated: this is the angle that must be used in estimations of velocity components. In a very simple experiment, the effective beam zenith angle has been found to within around 0.2°, which is as good as is required in the most stringent sodar calibration procedures. It has been found, even for such a short data run, that the estimated beam angle is very close to that calculated from the sodar array geometry. The main limitation is the requirement for horizontally homogeneous flow, since the regression methods use both a tilted beam and a vertical beam. Note that this is also a fundamental limiting assumption in the normal operation of ground-based wind lidars and sodars.
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Piringer, Martin. "Ausgewählte Ergebnisse eines Sodar-Vergleichsexperiments." Meteorologische Zeitschrift 3, no. 3 (July 11, 1994): 132–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/metz/3/1994/132.

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Kendrick, Paul, and Sabine von Hünerbein. "Fixed Echo Rejection in Sodar Using Noncoherent Matched Filter Detection and Gaussian Mixture Model–Based Postprocessing." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 36, no. 1 (January 2019): 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-18-0095.1.

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AbstractDoppler sodar is a technology used for acoustic-based remote sensing of the lower planetary boundary layer. Sodars are often used to measure wind profiles; however, they suffer from problems caused by noise (both acoustic and electrical) and echoes from fixed objects, which can bias radial velocity estimates. An experimental bistatic sodar was developed with 64 independent channels. The device enables flexible beamforming; beams can be tilted at the same angle irrelevant of frequency, a limitation in most commercial devices. This paper presents an alternative sodar signal-processing algorithm for wind profiling using a multifrequency stepped-chirp pulse. A noncoherent matched filter was used to analyze returned signals. The noncoherent matched filter combines radial velocity estimates from multiple frequencies into a single optimization. To identify and separate sources of backscatter, noise, and fixed echoes, a stochastic pattern-recognition technique, Gaussian mixture modeling, was used to postprocess the noncoherent matched filter data. This method allowed the identification and separation of different stochastic processes. After identification, noise and fixed echo components were removed and a clean wind profile was produced. This technique was compared with traditional spectrum-based radial velocity estimation methods, and an improvement in the rejection of fixed echo components was demonstrated; this is one of the major limitations of sodar performance when located in complex terrain and urban environments.
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Anderson, Philip S., Russell S. Ladkin, and Ian A. Renfrew. "An Autonomous Doppler Sodar Wind Profiling System." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 22, no. 9 (September 1, 2005): 1309–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech1779.1.

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Abstract An autonomous Doppler sodar wind profiling system has been designed, built, tested, and then deployed for 2 years at a remote site in Coats Land, Antarctica. The system is designed around a commercially available phased-array sodar (a Scintec flat-array sodar, FAS64) and powered from five modular power system units. Each power unit comprises two batteries, two photovoltaic solar panels, and two vertical axis wind generators, plus charging control and isolation circuitry. The sodar’s main processing unit is located at the antenna, but is controlled from a manned research station 50 km distant, in real time, by a line-of-sight UHF radio link. Data from an integral automatic weather station (AWS) are also transmitted over the radio link, allowing meteorologically informed decisions on whether or not to operate the Doppler sodar. Over the 2-yr experiment dozens of sounding episodes, lasting from a few hours to a few days, were obtained. Successful soundings were obtained in temperatures down to −33°C, and wind speeds up to 12 m s−1. In general, the wind data quality was good, but the range was disappointing, probably as a result of the strongly stable atmospheric conditions that were experienced. The wind profiling system that is described has been used to obtain the first remote wintertime observations of katabatic winds over the Antarctic continent.
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Bradley, Stuart, Erich Mursch-Radlgruber, and Sabine von Hünerbein. "Sodar Measurements of Wing Vortex Strength and Position." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 24, no. 2 (February 1, 2007): 141–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech1966.1.

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Abstract A method is developed for robust real-time visualization of aircraft vortex spatial and temporal development based on measurement data from a line array of sodars. The method relies on using a potential-flow vortex model, with spatial averaging according to the along-beam and transverse spatial resolution of the sodar. The model comprises the wing vortex pair, together with two image vortices below ground such that there is no flow through the ground surface. An analytic solution for the temporal–spatial evolution of this four-vortex system is obtained as an aid to establishing relevant scales and performance criteria for any sodar. Field results from an array of four sodars are used on an individual profile basis (every 2 s of real time) to fit the model parameters of vortex circulation, position, and spacing. This method gives vortex trajectories and strength as a function of real time without dependence on assumptions regarding interactions with the atmosphere. Estimates of parameter uncertainties are also produced in real time, and it is found that estimates of position and spacing can be obtained to around ±4 m and of vortex circulation to ±50 m2 s−1. Recommendations are given for optimizing sodars for vortex measurements using practical technology.
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Bradley, Stuart. "Aspects of the Correlation between Sodar and Mast Instrument Winds." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 30, no. 10 (October 1, 2013): 2241–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-12-00256.1.

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Abstract On a uniform terrain site, differences between a sodar and a mast-mounted cup anemometer will arise because of turbulent fluctuations and wind components being measured in different spaces, and because of the inherent difference between scalar and vector averaging. This paper develops theories for turbulence-related random fluctuations resulting from finite sampling rates and sampling from spatially distributed volumes. Coefficients of determination (R2) are predicted comparable to those obtained in practice. It is shown that more than two-thirds of the reduction in R2 arises from differences in the winds measured by mast instruments and by sodars, rather than by sodar errors: both instruments are measuring accurately, but just not in the same place or at the same time. The result is that sodars being used operationally should be able to measure winds to a root-mean-square accuracy of around 2%.
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Reitebuch, Oliver, and Stefan Emeis. "SODAR Messungen zur Atmosphärenforschung und Umweltüberwachung." Meteorologische Zeitschrift 7, no. 1 (February 18, 1998): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/metz/7/1998/11.

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9

Alzahrani, Abdullah A. H., Eltayeb M. Alhassan, Mahmoud A. Attia, and Mohammad A. Albanghali. "Enhancing Dental Carving Skills of Preclinical Dental Hygiene Students Using Online Dental Anatomy Resources." Open Dentistry Journal 13, no. 1 (December 31, 2019): 499–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874210601913010499.

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Background: A key role of dental carving is enhancing manual proficiency and dexterity of dental hygiene students. Yet, utilizing Supplementary Online Dental Anatomy Resources (SODAR) as a supportive teaching approach has demonstrated the ability to improve carving skills. Objective: This study aims to examine the effectiveness of SODAR training in improving the quality of dental carving skills and knowledge among preclinical Saudi male students in Saudi Arabia. Methods: A basic double-blinded randomized controlled trial of 30 preclinical Saudi dental male students was conducted between January and April 2019. Participants were classified into an experimental group that received SODAR training (n = 15) and a control group comprising students who did not receive SODAR training (n = 15). The t-test and Fisher’s exact test were performed to assess differences in theoretical knowledge between the two groups. While Cohen’s d test, t-test, and Pearson correlation were conducted to evaluate differences in students’ dental carvings. Results: Students with SODAR training performed better on practical carving sessions than those without intervention (P-value < 0.001). However, SODAR intervention had no significant effect on the theoretical knowledge evaluations in both the groups. Conclusion: SODAR training demonstrated its ability to support students learning in practical carving sessions; however, no effect on theoretical knowledge was observed. Future research should focus on factors that impact carving teaching strategies, including the quality and depth of online learning content, students’ perceptions of online learning, and experiences of teachers who run the online resources.
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Rao, I. Srinivasa, V. K. Anandan, and M. Shravan Kumar. "Multifrequency Decoding of a Phased Array Doppler Sodar." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 26, no. 4 (April 1, 2009): 759–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jtecha1166.1.

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Abstract Doppler sodar is being used for studying the lower part of atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) and wind profiling. To obtain maximum altitude coverage multifrequency transmission has been used along with more transmitted power. In this article, the implementation of multifrequency transmission of a Doppler sodar and its decoding to extract the atmospheric parameters are presented. This article also shows the advantage of profiling using multifrequency sodar operation. The range of frequency used for transmission is between 1700 and 2100 Hz. The decoded Doppler spectra have shown significant improvement in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) as well as higher altitude coverage compared to single-frequency transmission and reception. Wind profiles obtained from sodar have been compared with data obtained from high-resolution GPS sonde balloons, which were launched from a place close to the sodar system. The authors observed that 30% more wind data height coverage in when transmission is in multifrequency mode; the consistency in wind estimate is also improved compared to the single-frequency transmission.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "SODAR"

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Louca, K., A. Stadler, A. Raabe, and A. Ziemann. "Comparison of wind measurements between a Mini-SODAR PA0, a METEK-SODAR and a 99 m tower." Universität Leipzig, 2010. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A16372.

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Doppler-SODAR measurements are commonly used to derive the vertical wind profile. One main advantage of the Mini-SODAR (from the company Remtech) is its small size and weight and therefore it is easy to handle and set up in short time. Two long-term measurements were operated in September and October 2009. A statistical comparison was made between the Mini-SODAR, the tower and the DWD-SODAR (from the company METEK) for the two measurement periods. It is presented here that the Mini-SODAR overestimates the tower measurements and also the measurements of the DWD-SODAR. It is also shown, that the Mini-SODAR is able to determine the mean flow conditions in the lower boundary layer (up to 200 m).
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Pietschmann, Karin. "Testmessung eines Mini-SODARs im Vergleich mit einem 100m-Mast und einem Doppler-SODAR." Wissenschaftliche Mitteilungen des Leipziger Instituts für Meteorologie ; 41 = Meteorologische Arbeiten aus Leipzig … und Jahresbericht … des Instituts für Meteorologie der Universität Leipzig ; 12 (2007), S. 123-138, 2007. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A15578.

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Since March 2006 the Institute of Meteorology in Leipzig (LIM) is owner of a commercial Mini-SODAR. The Mini-SODAR is very small in size and therefore mobile. It can be set up with low effort in short time at any place. The first testmeasurement was operated in June 2006 at the boundary layer field site Falkenberg that belongs to the Meteorological Observatory Lindenberg (MOL) of the German Meteorological Service (DWD) and was parallel accompanied by the measurement of a windtower and a Doppler-SODAR. The results of this six-hour-measurement are presented here. A statistical comparison between Mini-SODAR, tower data and Doppler-SODAR was performed. Also backscatter intensity and profile data from Mini-SODAR were analysed and interpreted.
Seit März 2006 ist das Leipziger Institut für Meteorologie (LIM) in Besitz eines kommerziellen Mini-SODARs. Das Mini-SODAR ist auf Grund seiner Größe sehr mobil und lässt sich unter geringem Aufwand schnell an einem beliebigen Standort aufbauen. Die erste größere Testmessung und gleichzeitig Vergleichsmessung dieses Gerätes mit einem Windmast und einem Doppler-SODAR fand im Juni 2006 auf dem Grenzschichtmessfeld in Falkenberg statt, welches zum Meteorologischen Observatorium (MOL) des Deutschen Wetterdienstes (DWD) gehört. Die Auswertung dieser 6-stündigen Messung wird hier vorgestellt. Es wurde ein statistischer Vergleich zwischen Mini-SODAR, Windmast und Doppler-SODAR durchgeführt. Weiterhin wurden das Sodargramm und die gemessenen Profildaten des Mini-SODARs untersucht und interpretiert.
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Pietschmann, Karin. "Testmessung eines Mini-SODARs im Vergleich mit einem 100m-Mast und einem Doppler-SODAR." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-223342.

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Since March 2006 the Institute of Meteorology in Leipzig (LIM) is owner of a commercial Mini-SODAR. The Mini-SODAR is very small in size and therefore mobile. It can be set up with low effort in short time at any place. The first testmeasurement was operated in June 2006 at the boundary layer field site Falkenberg that belongs to the Meteorological Observatory Lindenberg (MOL) of the German Meteorological Service (DWD) and was parallel accompanied by the measurement of a windtower and a Doppler-SODAR. The results of this six-hour-measurement are presented here. A statistical comparison between Mini-SODAR, tower data and Doppler-SODAR was performed. Also backscatter intensity and profile data from Mini-SODAR were analysed and interpreted
Seit März 2006 ist das Leipziger Institut für Meteorologie (LIM) in Besitz eines kommerziellen Mini-SODARs. Das Mini-SODAR ist auf Grund seiner Größe sehr mobil und lässt sich unter geringem Aufwand schnell an einem beliebigen Standort aufbauen. Die erste größere Testmessung und gleichzeitig Vergleichsmessung dieses Gerätes mit einem Windmast und einem Doppler-SODAR fand im Juni 2006 auf dem Grenzschichtmessfeld in Falkenberg statt, welches zum Meteorologischen Observatorium (MOL) des Deutschen Wetterdienstes (DWD) gehört. Die Auswertung dieser 6-stündigen Messung wird hier vorgestellt. Es wurde ein statistischer Vergleich zwischen Mini-SODAR, Windmast und Doppler-SODAR durchgeführt. Weiterhin wurden das Sodargramm und die gemessenen Profildaten des Mini-SODARs untersucht und interpretiert
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Etienne, Christian. "Réalisation et évaluation d'un sodar monostatique : étude des signatures sodars en fonction de paramètres météorologiques." Orléans, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ORLE0404.

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Le but de ce travail a été la réalisation et l'évaluation d'un sodar simple monostatique à réflectivité. Les signatures très caractéristiques de la basse atmosphère fournies par ce sodar pendant trois mois, après avoir été classées sont comparées a celles obtenues aux USA, au Japon et au Canada. Puis une étude climatologique statistique comparant ces signatures sodars à différentes données météorologiques, permet d'établir des corrélations très étroites entre les différents échos sodars et les observations météorologiques principales telles que la température, l'humidité. . . Mais aussi entre l'évolution de la couche limite observée par le sodar et une donnée relevée au sol, la température du point de rosée
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Etienne, Christian. "Réalisation et évaluation d'un sodar monostatique étude des signatures sodars en fonction de paramètres météorologiques." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375974345.

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Piper, Benjamin. "SODAR comparison methods for compatible wind speed estimation." Thesis, University of Salford, 2011. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/16501/.

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This thesis includes the results of a PhD study about methods to compare Sonic Detection And Ranging (SODAR) measurements to measurements from other instruments. The study focuses on theoretical analysis, the design of a transponder system for simulating winds and the measurement of the acoustic radiation patterns of SODARs. These methods are integrated to reduce uncertainty in SODAR measurements. Through theoretical analysis it is shown that the effective measurement volume of a range gate is 15% of a cone section based on the SODAR's Full Width Half Maximum (FWHM). Models of the beam pattern are used to calculate the ratio of air passing a turbine to that measured by a SODAR over 10 minutes with values of 3-5% found at 10ms-1. The model is used to find angles where significant Sound Pressure Levels (SPLs) occur close to a SODARs baffle giving the highest chance of fixed echoes. This is converted into an orientation guide for SODAR set-up. The design of a transponder system is detailed that aims to provide a calibration test of the processing applied by a SODAR. Testing has shown that the transponder can determine the Doppler shift equation used by a SODAR although further work is needed to make the system applicable to all SODARs. It is shown that anechoic measurements of single elements are useful for improving array models. Measurements of the FWHM and acoustic tilt angle can be achieved in the field using a tilt mechanism and a Sound Level Meter (SLM) on a 10m mast. The same mechanism can be used to calculate an effective tilt angle using the Bradley technique. It is proposed that these methods are integrated to calculate error slopes for the SODAR measurement with regards to a secondary location. It is shown that the slopes could be between 0 and 5% if the methods are fully realised and a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model is incorporated.
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Holmgren, Viktor, and Karl-Johan Vikmyr. "Detektion av fasta ekon vid vindmätning med SODAR." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Datateknik och informatik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-36490.

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Purpose – The purpose of this thesis was to facilitate the search for echoes caused by fixed objects, so called fixed echoes, when using SODAR-technique for wind measurements. Furthermore, it was investigated how fixed echoes in measurements can change based on different conditions such as: the angle of the sound beam towards the object causing the echo, the output frequency of the instrument, the air temperature and relative humidity. Method – Data was recorded on a test site in southern Sweden during February - April 2017 using two different SODAR-instruments, AQ500 and AQ510, manufactured by AQSystem. Experiments were conducted by installing the instruments at different distances and in different angles next to a met mast. The data recorded was examined for fixed echoes both by using Excel and manually and compared for correlation with the parameters mentioned. A software that uses the r-squared value for a power function adapted to the collected data was developed to detect fixed echoes. Findings – The result of the study showed that the angle of the SODAR-instrument sound beam direction compared to the met mast has a relatively high impact on the number of fixed echoes that can be easily detected. When a sound beam is aimed directly at the fixed object the echoes increased significantly compared to when the sound beams were aimed next to the mast. AQ510, that uses a higher measurement frequency than the AQ500, was less susceptible to fixed echoes when doing simultaneous measurements. Both temperature and relative humidity showed low correlation to the number of fixed echoes so the implication was that these atmospherical parameters do not affect the emergence of fixed echoes. The r-squared value for a power function adapted to the wind data turned out to be a good measure for the magnitude of a fixed echo. When the correlation coefficient of the r-squared value and the percentage of wind profiles that contained fixed echoes were calculated the value was 0,995 which is a strong positive correlation. The r-squared value is compared with a threshold value (which depends on the number of wind profiles in the data to be analysed) to determine if a fixed echo is causing disturbance. Another control is also made in the software where the measured wind values are compared with the values from the power function to find minor deviations possibly caused by fixed echoes. Implications – When the result of the thesis is considered it can help the person installing the instruments as well as the developers of the SODAR-instruments. The person installing the system can notice that fixed echoes can be decreased by rotating the instrument. The result showed the developer that by carefully selecting the right frequency the number of fixed echoes can be decreased. If neither the temperature nor the relative humidity has any impact on fixed echoes it shows the developer that the instrument can be used in varying climates. The result of the study can also be of service to wind analysts using SODAR-equipment. The software developed can be used to find fixed echoes in a more efficient way than was previously possible. Limitations – The data recordings took place during a limited period during late winter, early spring in the southern parts of Sweden which means that neither extremely high or low temperatures were measured during the campaign. The thesis is further limited by only using ”multiple axis” SODAR-instruments from AQSystem. Keywords – SODAR, wind measurements, fixed echoes, measurement instrument.
Syfte – Syftet med detta examensarbete var att underlätta sökandet efter ekon från fasta objekt, så kallade "fasta ekon", vid vindmätning med SODAR-teknik. Vidare var syftet att utreda om fasta ekon framträder olika under olika förutsättningar som: mätinstrumentets ljudlobsvinkel mot objektet som ger upphov till eko, mätfrekvens, luftens temperatur och den relativa luftfuktigheten.  Metod – Data samlades in med två olika SODAR-instrument, AQ500 och AQ510, från företaget AQSystem på en testplats i södra Sverige, februari – april 2017. Data samlades in genom att installera instrumenten på olika avstånd, samt roterat åt olika riktningar, från ett stationärt objekt (en ca 100 m hög mast). Denna data genomsöktes sedan, både manuellt och med hjälp av Excel, efter fasta ekon och jämfördes med tidigare nämnda parametrar. En mjukvara som kan användas för att detektera fasta ekon utvecklades. Mjukvaran använder r-kvadratvärdet för en potensfunktion anpassad till insamlade data för att avgöra storleken på ett eventuellt fast eko. Resultat – Studiens resultat visade att SODAR-instrumentets ljudlobsvinkel mot ekoalstrande objekt hade relativt hög påverkan på fasta ekons styrka. När varsin ljudlob på instrumenten riktades direkt mot masten ökade det fasta ekot jämfört mot när ljudloberna var riktade vid sidan av masten. AQ510, som mäter med en högre frekvens än AQ500, påverkades mindre av fasta ekon än vad AQ500 gjorde vid simultana mätningar. Både luftens temperatur och den relativa luftfuktigheten hade svag korrelation med fasta ekons styrka. Därför drogs slutsatsen att just dessa atmosfäriska parametrar ej påverkar hur fasta ekon uppstår. r-kvadratvärdet för en potensfunktion anpassad till vinddata visades vara ett bra mått på magnituden av ett fast eko. När korrelationskoefficienten för r-kvadratvärdet och andelen vindprofiler innehållande fasta ekon i vinddata beräknades antog den värdet 0,995 vilket visar på en stark positiv korrelation. r-kvadratvärdet jämförs med ett tröskelvärde (som beror av antalet vindprofiler i data som analyseras) för att avgöra om ett fast eko orsakar störningar. En kontroll görs även där det de uppmätta vindvärdena jämförs med potensfunktionens värden för att hitta mindre avvikelser som kan ha orsakats av fasta ekon. Implikationer – Om examensarbetets resultat tas i beaktning kan det underlätta för både installatörer och utvecklare av SODAR-instrument. För installatören visar resultatet att fasta ekon kan minskas genom att rotera mätinstrumentet. För utvecklaren visar resultatet att fasta ekon kan minskas genom att välja en lämplig mätfrekvens. Om varken luftens temperatur eller den relativa luftfuktigheten påverkar fasta ekon nämnvärt kan detta visa på att vindmätning med SODAR-instrument är brukbart i varierande klimat. Även analytiker kan ha nytta av examensarbetets resultat i form av den mjukvara som utvecklats. Mjukvaran kan användas för att på ett mer effektivt sätt än tidigare upptäcka fasta ekon. Begränsningar – Datainsamlingen genomfördes under en begränsad period under sen vinter till tidig vår i södra Sverige. Därför har varken exceptionellt låga- eller höga temperaturer mätts upp. Examensarbetet begränsas ytterligare av att endast mätinstrument från företaget AQSystem av typen "multiple axis" har använts. Nyckelord – SODAR, vindmätning, fasta ekon, mätinstrument.

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Haggagy, Mahmoud El-Nouby Adam [Verfasser], and Helmut [Akademischer Betreuer] Mayer. "A sodar-based investigation of the atmospheric boundary layer." Freiburg : Universität, 2003. http://d-nb.info/115653271X/34.

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Haggagy, Mahmoud El-Nouby Adam. "A sodar based investigation of the atmospheric boundary layer /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2003. http://www.gbv.de/dms/goettingen/367276976.pdf.

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Mandock, Randal Lee Nicholas. "A multiple beam sodar for the measurement of atmospheric turbulence." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/25869.

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Books on the topic "SODAR"

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Gregg, David W. NOAA advanced real-time digital sodar. Boulder, Colo: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Environmental Research Laboratories, Environmental Technology Laboratory, 1995.

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Haggagy, Mahmoud El-Nouby Adam. A sodar-based investigation of the atmospheric boundary layer. Freiburg: Meteorologisches Institut der Universität Freiburg, 2003.

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Shaw, William J. Sodar, rawinsonde, and surface layer measurements at a coastal site: SCCCAMP data report. Monterey, Calif: Naval Postgraduate School, 1986.

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Scovil, Douglas H. An analysis of diurnal wind variability in the Santa Barbara Channel from SODAR measurements. Monterey, Calif: Naval Postgraduate School, 1989.

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Andrade, Eugenio de. Solar matter =: Matéria solar. Fort Bragg, Calif: QED Press, 1995.

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Solar. New York: Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group, 2010.

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McEwan, Ian. Solar. London: Random House Group Limited, 2010.

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Anderton, Craig. Sonar. Bremen, Germany: Wizoo, 2001.

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Solar. London: Jonathan Cape, 2010.

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Solar, El, ed. SOLAR. USA: http://www.lulu.com/content 20531, 2007.

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Book chapters on the topic "SODAR"

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Emeis, Stefan. "Sodar and RASS." In Springer Handbook of Atmospheric Measurements, 661–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52171-4_23.

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Coulter, R. L. "Turbulence variables derived from sodar data." In Acoustic Remote Sensing Applications, 191–201. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bfb0009566.

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Weill, A. "Indirect Measurements of Fluxes Using Doppler Sodar." In Land Surface Evaporation, 301–11. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3032-8_18.

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Mastrantonio, G., and S. Argentini. "A modular PC-based multiband sodar system." In Acoustic Remote Sensing Applications, 105–16. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bfb0009561.

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Foken, Th, H. J. Albrecht, K. Sasz, and F. Vogt. "Operational use of sodar information in nowcasting." In Acoustic Remote Sensing Applications, 395–405. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bfb0009575.

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Hareesh Babu, M., M. Bala Naga Bhushanamu, D. S. S. N. Raju, B. Benarji, and M. Purnachandra Rao. "Scattering of SODAR Signal Through Rough Circular Bodies." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 277–90. New Delhi: Springer India, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2728-1_25.

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Melas, Dimitrios, Giulia Abbate, and Harry Kambezidis. "Coupling of Sodar Data with Simple Numerical Models." In Air Pollution Modeling and Its Application XIII, 731–32. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4153-0_80.

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Ito, Yoshiki. "Design of a tri-monostatic doppler sodar system." In Acoustic Remote Sensing Applications, 85–104. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bfb0009560.

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Yazidi, Hatem. "Sodar (SOnic Detection and Ranging) Measurement Campaign: Case Study." In ICREGA’14 - Renewable Energy: Generation and Applications, 455–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05708-8_36.

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Bull, Günther. "Sodar investigations of gravity waves by cross spectral analysis." In Acoustic Remote Sensing Applications, 275–92. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bfb0009570.

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Conference papers on the topic "SODAR"

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Rogers, Anthony L., James F. Manwell, and George G. Grills. "Investigation of the Applicability of SODAR for Wind Resource Measurements in Complex and Inhomogeneous Terrain." In ASME 2003 Wind Energy Symposium. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/wind2003-1186.

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Increasingly, SODAR (Sonic Detection And Ranging) systems are being used for wind measurements as an alternative to tower-mounted anemometry. SODARs uses acoustic signals to resolve u, v, and w wind velocity components at multiple heights. The accuracy of SODAR measurements are affected by underestimation of wind speeds due to volume sampling, spurious signals from ambient noise or reflected SODAR signals, the effects of precipitation on estimates of vertical wind speeds and, sometimes, sampling of different volumes for each velocity component. Typically missing or ambiguous data increases with height. This paper evaluates the applicability of SODAR for wind resource measurements in complex and inhomogeneous terrain. The evaluation is based on data collected at three Massachusetts sites: Mt. Tom, Thompson Island and Northfield Mountain. The terrain at Mt. Tom and at Northfield Mountain is complex. Thompson Island data are compared to nearby anemometry and the usefulness of the SODAR for evaluating wind shear in offshore sites is considered. SODAR data from Northfield Mountain, collected next to a tower with standard anemometry and at a nearby site, are compared to the anemometry data. Additional operational issues related to the use of SODAR for wind resource measurements are discussed.
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Bokal, Zhanna M., and Rustem B. Sinitsyn. "Random signal sodar for meteorology." In Photonics Applications in Astronomy, Communications, Industry, and High-Energy Physics Experiments 2009, edited by Ryszard S. Romaniuk and Krzysztof S. Kulpa. SPIE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.837997.

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Ulich, Bobby, Kenneth Steele, Harold Linton, Patrick McMillin, Richard Benney, and Brian Bagdonovich. "A SODAR Height Sensor for RRDAS." In 17th AIAA Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems Technology Conference and Seminar. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2003-2114.

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Panchenko, A. Yu, N. E. Alferov, and V. A. Maryuh. "Acoustic aerial for the experimental research sodar." In 2011 VIII International Conference on Antenna Theory and Techniques (ICATT). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icatt.2011.6170767.

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Rogers, Anthony, Elizabeth Walls, William Henson, and James Manwell. "Addressing Ground Clutter Corruption of Sodar Measurements." In 45th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2007-1226.

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Dietz, Anthony, Paul Sorenson, Ken Steele, Kristen Lafond, and Steve Tavan. "A Sodar Height Sensor for Precision Airdrops." In 19th AIAA Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems Technology Conference and Seminar. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2007-2558.

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Capanni, Annalisa, and Giovanni Gualtieri. "SODAR applications for estimating boundary layer parameters." In Remote Sensing, edited by Anton Kohnle and John D. Gonglewski. SPIE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.371332.

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Eaton, Frank, Judith Miller, and Sheldon Stokes. "Sodar measurements of turbulence in complex terrain." In 31st Plasmadynamics and Lasers Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2000-2356.

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Ulianov, Y. N., V. S. Skvortsov, V. I. Vetrov, V. L. Misailov, and N. G. Maksimova. "Parametric acoustic antenna for noise-proof pulse sodar." In 2013 IX International Conference on Antenna Theory and Techniques (ICATT). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icatt.2013.6650760.

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Devi, M. "Sensing of atmosphere through sodar for rain prediction." In Tenth International Conference on Antennas and Propagation (ICAP). IEE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp:19970394.

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Reports on the topic "SODAR"

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Coulter, Richard L. Sonic Detection and Ranging (SODAR) Wind Profiler Instrument Handbook. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1251389.

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Nichols, R., J. Kohn, N. Rigas, E. Boessneck, E. Kress, and P. Gayes. SODAR DATA FROM OYSTER BAY AT WINYAH BAY NATIONAL ESTUARINE RESEARCH RESERVE. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1076960.

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Yuechun, Yi, Wang Jixue, Wang Hongfang, Li Guimin, Yang Bolin, George Scott, Dennis Elliott, and David Kline. Comparison of Triton SODAR Data to Meteorological Tower Wind Measurement Data in Hebei Province, China. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1036043.

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Deola, Regina Anne. Characterization of winds through the rotor plane using a phased array SODAR and recommendations for future work. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/977234.

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Clifton, A. Improved Tools for Wind Resource Assessment with Remote Sensing Sodar Device: Cooperative Research and Development Final Report, CRADA Number: CRD-09-363. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1172275.

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Kelley, N. Optimization of Sodar Wind Profile Measurements in Low-Humidity Climates at High Altitudes: Cooperative Research and Development Final Report, CRADA number CRD-07-00246. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/985564.

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Kong, Weiqiang, Simon Furbo, and Jianhua Fan. Simulation and design of collector array units within large systems. IEA SHC Task 55, October 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18777/ieashc-task55-2019-0005.

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Solar collectors are the core components of solar district heating plants. Annual solar heat yield of solar heating plants on average is around 400-500 kWh/m2 in Denmark. Most solar collectors in the large solar district heating plants in Denmark are ground-mounted flat plate collectors. Arcon-Sunmark A/S is the main manufacturer of the large flat plate collectors for district heating in Denmark. Arcon-Sunmark A/S has installed more than 80% of the world’s large solar heating plants connected to district heating networks.
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Branduardi-Raymont, Graziella, and et al. SMILE Definition Study Report. ESA SCI, December 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5270/esa.smile.definition_study_report-2018-12.

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The SMILE definition study report describes a novel self-standing mission dedicated to observing solar wind-magnetosphere coupling via simultaneous in situ solar wind/magnetosheath plasma and magnetic field measurements, X-Ray images of the magnetosheath and magnetic cusps, and UV images of global auroral distributions defining system-level consequences. The Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer (SMILE) will complement all solar, solar wind and in situ magnetospheric observations, including both space- and ground-based observatories, to enable the first-ever observations of the full chain of events that drive the Sun-Earth connection.
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Fan, Jianhua, Weiqiang Kong, and Simon Furbo. Simulation and design of collector array units within large systems. IEA SHC Task 55, October 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18777/ieashc-task55-2019-0006.

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By the end of 2017, solar heating plants with a total surface of more than 1.3 million m2 were in operation in Denmark. Most solar collectors in the existing solar heating plants are typically flat plate collectors (FPC).
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Rusk, Todd, Ryan Siegel, Linda Larsen, Tim Lindsey, and Brian Deal. Technical and Financial Feasibility Study for Installation of Solar Panels at IDOT-owned Facilities. Illinois Center for Transportation, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-024.

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The Smart Energy Design Assistance Center assessed the administrative, technical, and economic aspects of feasibility related to the procurement and installation of photovoltaic solar systems on IDOT-owned buildings and lands. To address administrative feasibility, we explored three main ways in which IDOT could procure solar projects: power purchase agreement (PPA), direct purchase, and land lease development. Of the three methods, PPA and direct purchase are most applicable for IDOT. While solar development is not free of obstacles for IDOT, it is administratively feasible, and regulatory hurdles can be adequately met given suitable planning and implementation. To evaluate IDOT assets for solar feasibility, more than 1,000 IDOT sites were screened and narrowed using spatial analytic tools. A stakeholder feedback process was used to select five case study sites that allowed for a range of solar development types, from large utility-scale projects to small rooftop systems. To evaluate financial feasibility, discussions with developers and datapoints from the literature were used to create financial models. A large solar project request by IDOT can be expected to generate considerable attention from developers and potentially attractive PPA pricing that would generate immediate cash flow savings for IDOT. Procurement partnerships with other state agencies will create opportunities for even larger projects with better pricing. However, in the near term, it may be difficult for IDOT to identify small rooftop or other small on-site solar projects that are financially feasible. This project identified two especially promising solar sites so that IDOT can evaluate other solar site development opportunities in the future. This project also developed a web-based decision-support tool so IDOT can identify potential sites and develop preliminary indications of feasibility. We recommend that IDOT begin the process of developing at least one of their large sites to support solar electric power generation.
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