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Richardson, J. Craig. "Bioadhesive sodium alginate suspensions as oesophageal protectants." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.410337.
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Sachetto, João Paulo. "Efeito do tratamento térmico de STx-1b-Li+ na condutividade de filmes de STx-1b-Li+ /Alginato de sódio." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18158/tde-06052016-084651/.
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Neste trabalho foram estudados os efeitos causados pelo tratamento térmico na argila STx-1b-Li+ na condutividade de filmes argila/alginato de sódio. O argilomineral STx-1b foi submetido à substituição isomórfica do cátion Na+ por Li+ e posteriormente ao tratamento térmico em diferentes temperaturas. As argilas STx-1b-Li+ não tratada e tratada termicamente foram caracterizada por difração de raios-X (DRX) e termogravimetria (TG). As curvas TG mostraram que o argilomineral STx-1b-Li+ apresentou três perdas de massa que podem ser atribuídas à água adsorvida na argila, a água de hidratação dos íons Li+ e a água estrutural da argila. Para as argilas STx-1b-Li+ tratadas termicamente não foi observado a perda de massa associada à água quimicamente ligada aos contra-íons Li+. Estes resultados estão em concordância com os obtidos por DRX, onde observou-se uma diminuição no espaçamento interlamelar nas argilas tratadas termicamente. Em adição, foram preparados filmes de alginato de sódio com as argilas STx-1b-Li+ não tratada e tratada termicamente e estes foram caracterizados por calorimetria exploratória diferencia (DSC) e espectroscopia de impedância eletroquímica (EIE). As curvas DSC mostraram um aumento na temperatura de transição vítrea (Tg) dos filmes com o aumento da temperatura utilizada no tratamento das argilas. Este aumento nos valores de Tg é um indicativo que a mobilidade das cadeias diminuiu nos filmes polímero/argila que contém argilas tratadas em temperaturas mais elevadas. A espectroscopia de impedância eletroquímica (EIE) foi usada para avaliar-se a condutividade iônica dos filmes. Os resultados indicaram que os filmes contendo argilas que foram tratadas com temperaturas mais altas apresentaram menor condutividade.<br>In this work the effects caused by the heat treatment in STx-1b-Li+ clay on the conductivity of sodium alginate/clay were studied. The clay mineral STx-1b was submitted to isomorphous substitution of the Na+ for Li+ cation and subsequently to heat treatment at different temperatures. The STx-1b-Li+ clays untreated and heats treated were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TG). The TG curve showed that the clay mineral STL-1b-Li+ had three mass losses which can be attributed to adsorbed water in the clay, the water of hydration of the Li+ ions and structural clay water. To STx-1b-Li+ clays heat treated there were no mass loss associated to the water chemically bound to Li+ counter ions. These results are in agreement with those obtained by XRD, which it was observed a decrease in interlayer spacing in the heat treated clay. In addition, they were prepared sodium alginate films with STx-1b-Li+ clays untreated and heat treated and these films were characterized by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). DSC curves showed an increase in glass transition temperature (Tg) of the films with temperature increasing used in the treatment of clays. This increase in Tg value is an indicative that the mobility of the chains had decrease in the polymer/clay films which contains heat treated clays at higher temperatures. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used to evaluate the ionic conductivity of the films. The results indicate that films containing clays which have been treated at higher temperatures had lower conductivity.
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Veski, Peep. "Use of hard gelatin capsules and sodium alginates in peroral prolonged-release formulations /." Helsinki, 1994. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=006530628&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Hodsdon, Alison Claire. "Xanthan gum and sodium alginate as sustained-release carriers in hydrophilic matrix tablets." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.259859.
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Asilonu, Ernest Ozuruonye. "The effects of oligosaccharides on production of secondary metabolites in microbial cultures." Thesis, University of Westminster, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322994.
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Abbah, Sunny Akogwu. "Towards an injectable bone graft substitute: evaluation of sodium alginate microcapsules for bone tissueengineering." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B39329951.
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Her, Chithdavone. "Formulation d’un gel muco-adhésif contenant des nanocapsules lipidiques de curcumine en vue d’une administration par voie orale." Thesis, Angers, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ANGE0061.
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Ces travaux de thèse ont porté sur la formulation de gels muco-adhésifs piégeant des nanocapsules lipidiques (LNCs) de curcumine. L’objectif est d’améliorer la biodisponibilité de la curcumine en la solubilisant au sein des LNCs piégées dans un gel, utilisées pour augmenter l’absorption intestinale. La première étape du travail a permis d’identifier le Transcutol®HP et le Kolliphor®HS15 comme excipients compatibles avec la préparation des LNCs tout en assurant une solubilisation suffisante de la curcumine. Deux formulations de LNCs de curcumine ont été proposées : l’une avec le Transcutol®HP/Labrafac®WL1349/Labrafil® M1944CS et l’autre avec le Captex®8000 en tant que constituants du cœur des particules. La formulation avec le Transcutol®HP a été optimisée pour obtenir des particules de 63nm avec une distribution étroite (PdI=0.17) et un rendement d’encapsulation de 92%. Avec le Captex®8000 des particules de 57nm avec un PdI<0.1 ont été obtenues. En revanche, pour les deux formulations, l’étape de purification constitue une étape critique non résolue. Un gel d’alginate de sodium, de géométrie cylindrique compatible avec une insertion dans des gélules, a également été développé. La capacité des gels à absorber l’eau dans différents milieux biomimétiques a été suivie dans le temps in vitro. Une différence de comportement entre les gels lyophilisés et les gels non lyophilisés a été mise en évidence. Enfin, l’encapsulation de deux fluorochromes dans les LNCs a permis de suivre l’intégrité des LNCs lors de la formulation des gels par la technique de transfert d'énergie par résonance de type Förster (FRET). Les LNCs restent intactes pendant l’étape de gélification et la capacité du gel à piéger les LNCs a été démontrée<br>The aim of this phD work was to develop a muco-adhesive gel entrapping curcumin loaded lipid nanocapsules (LNCs). The objective was to improve the bioavailability of curcumin by its solubilization into LNCs entrapped into a gel to increase intestinal absorption. Firstly, Transcutol@HP and Kolliphor@ HS15 were identified as suitable excipients to formulate LNCs With a sufficient solubility of curcumin. Two formulations of curcumin LNCs were M1944CS or Captex@8000, which form the core of particles. The TranscutoPHP formulation was optimized to obtain 63nm particles With a narrow distribution (Pdl=0.17) and 920/0 of encapsulation efficiency. Particles With a mean diameter of 57nm and Pdl
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Abbah, Sunny Akogwu. "Towards an injectable bone graft substitute evaluation of sodium alginate microcapsules for bone tissue engineering /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B39329951.
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麻理, 的場, and Mari Matoba. "Application of sodium alginate as a medical material aimed to prevent air leak and adhesion." Thesis, https://doors.doshisha.ac.jp/opac/opac_link/bibid/BB13115605/?lang=0, 2019. https://doors.doshisha.ac.jp/opac/opac_link/bibid/BB13115605/?lang=0.
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手術後の呼吸器からの空気漏出（エアリーク）と腹部及び胸部癒着はそれぞれ、未だに臨床にて大きな課題である。本研究では、安全性に優れた植物性多糖類のアルギン酸ナトリウムに着目し、ゲルやスポンジの材形に加工した。これをPGA不織布と併用して新規エアリーク防止材を開発した。この新規材料は、エアリーク防止だけでなく癒着防止に対しても優れた効果を発揮した。将来的に、この新規材料は、従来材料よりも優れた医療材料として臨床応用されることが期待できると考えられる。<br>Sodium alginate is polysaccharide extracted from seaweed and used as a biomaterial clinically. The alginate in this study was used as gel- or sponge-formed and combined with a polyglycolic acid (PGA) mesh, a useful biomaterial clinically; namely this combination was the new sealing material. The purpose of this study was to prevent pulmonary air leak without inducing adhesion. This study was composed of the four animal experiments; the first half of them was about preventing air leak and the latter was about preventing adhesion. All experiments showed that new sealing material was superior to the conventional treatments. Therefore the new sealing material was expected to be applied clinically to a sealing material, which also has an anti-adhesive effect.<br>博士(理学)<br>Doctor of Philosophy in Science<br>同志社大学<br>Doshisha University
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LALWANI, DARSHAN NARENDRA. "An oral dosage form of ceftriaxone sodium using enteric coated sustained release calcium alginate beads." University of Toledo Health Science Campus / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=mco1430403186.
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Honiball, John Robert. "Development of a low-cost bioprinting system for the fabrication of cell-laden sodium alginate hydrogels." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/59204.
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ABREU, JÚNIOR Aquiles Ferreira de. "Síntese e caracterização de biofilmes à base alginato de sódio reticulado com poliacrilamida catiônica." Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2017. https://tedebc.ufma.br/jspui/handle/tede/tede/2035.
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Previous issue date: 2017-10-30<br>CAPES<br>Biofilms based on sodium alginate (AS) crosslinked with cationic polyacrylamide
(PAMc) of high molar mass were made by the casting technique. In this study, the central
rotational compound design (DCCR) was used and 11 trials were performed. The
biofilms produced were characterized with respect to moisture (ω), water solubility (S),
water vapor permeability (PVA), thickness (σ), absorption spectroscopy in the infrared
region with Fourier transform (FTIR), microscopy scanning (SEM) and mechanical
properties. The experimental results showed that biofilms with lower glycerol contents
obtained lower moisture content. It was observed that for the solubility and permeability
to water vapor, the lower values observed were influenced by the concentrations of
PAMc. Assay 5 (AS 6.0g, GLI 1.0g, PAMc 2.5%) presented lower values of ω and PVA,
with possible application as food coatings and assay 10 (AS 6.0g, GLI 3.0g; PAMc 2.5%)
higher S, and can be applied in biodegradable packages. The results obtained through
FTIR confirmed the chemical interaction between AS and PAMc. Morphological
analyzes showed that biofilms showed heterogeneity when the concentrations of MAP
were increased. Regarding the mechanical properties, tensile strength (TR) and Young's
modulus (E) were found to increase when the PAMc concentrations were higher and the
deformation decreased when glycerol concentrations were high. Trial 11 (AS 6.0g, GLI
3.0g, PAMc 2.5%) showed higher TR (14.06 MPa) and E (21.17 MPa), with potential for
applications as biodegradable bags.<br>Biofilmes à base de alginato de sódio (AS) reticulados com poliacrilamida catiônica
(PAMc) de alta massa molar foram confeccionados pela técnica casting. Nesse estudo foi
utilizado o delineamento composto central rotacional (DCCR) realizando-se 11 ensaios.
Os biofilmes produzidos foram caracterizados com relação à umidade (ω), solubilidade
em água (S), permeabilidade ao vapor de água (PVA), espessura (σ), espectroscopia de
absorção na região do infravermelho com transformada de Fourier (FTIR), microscopia
eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e propriedades mecânicas. Os resultados experimentais
mostraram que os biofilmes com menores teores de glicerol obtiveram menores teores de
umidade. Observou-se que para a solubilidade e permeabilidade ao vapor de água, os
menores valores observados foram influenciados pelas concentrações de PAMc. O ensaio
5 (AS 6,0g; GLI 1,0g; PAMc 2,5%) apresentou menores valores de ω e PVA, com
possível aplicação como coberturas de alimentos e o ensaio 10 (AS 6,0g; GLI 3,0g;
PAMc 2,5%) maior S, podendo ser aplicado em embalagens biodegradáveis. Os
resultados obtidos através FTIR confirmaram a interação química entre o AS e a PAMc.
As análises morfológicas mostraram que os biofilmes apresentaram heterogeneidade
quando as concentrações de PAMc foram aumentadas. Quanto às propriedades
mecânicas, verificou-se que a tensão à ruptura (TR) e o módulo de Young (E)
aumentaram quando as concentrações de PAMc foram maiores e a deformação diminuiu
quando as concentrações de glicerol foram elevadas. O ensaio 11 (AS 6,0g; GLI 3,0g;
PAMc 2,5%) apresenta maiores TR (14,06 MPa) e E (21,17 MPa), com potenciais para
aplicações como sacolas biodegradáveis.
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MELONI, MARIA CRISTINA. "Preparazione e caratterizzazione di due sistemi carrier: beads a base di chitosano e chitosano/alginato; nanoparticelle di N-trimetilchitosano." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/266151.
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Chitosan is a very attractive polysaccharide and it is known to be a favorable pharmaceutical material because of its low toxicity, biodegradability, biocompatibility,
mucoadhesivity and natural origin. Therefore it forms an ideal hydrophilic carrier system. In this study we described the preparation and characterization of two carrier systems, chitosan and chitosan – alginate beads, and N-Trimethyl Chitosan (TMC) chloride nanoparticles.
We realized spherical beads using different polymeric dispersions, chitosan, alginate and chitosan - alginate mixture, to investigate their effect on the phytoterapic anti- inflammatory agent delivery. The main purpose of the present in vitro study is to have some information about their stability in the gastrointestinal tract and to formulate a drug delivery system for the oral administration of this phytoterapic agent. Alginate
beads were prepared by ionotropic gelation in presence of CaCl2 and BaCl2 solutions; chitosan beads were prepared by using a TPP (tripolyphosphate) solution as an ionic
cross-linking agent and acetone as a coacervating agent; beads of chitosan - alginate mixture were prepared according to the two combined procedures reported above.
The swelling degradation behaviour of the bead samples and drug release were investigated using four different medium solutions (PBS pH 7.4, HCl 0.1N pH 1, buffer pH 5). TMC with different degrees of quaternization were synthesized and characterized by 1 H- NMR spectroscopy, XRD and viscosity. Trimethyl Chitosan chloride nanoparticles (TMC-NPs) were prepared according to the ionotropic gelation process of TMC with TPP. The aim of this study is to characterized TMC-NPs (particle size -Z-average mean-, PDI and zeta potential) and evaluate their potential for brain delivery.
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Руденко, К. О., В. І. Голубов, Ольга Михайлівна Кириченко та ін. "Утворення плівок на основі альгінату натрію, желатину та фурациліну з додаванням іонів Ca2+ та Zn2+". Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2017. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/64079.
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В останні роки відбувається стрімкий розвиток біофармації, науки, що
обґрунтувала вплив лікарської форми та допоміжних речовин на
терапевтичний ефект лікарського засобу. Актуальним стає створення нових
лікарських форм з підвищеною біодоступністю лікарських речовин, зручних
для використання хворими та лікарем. Деякі з них можуть бути використані
при реконструкції дефектів кісткових тканин, що утворюються в результаті
патологічних змін в організмі, значних хірургічних втручань або травм.
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SILVA, Elisangela Batista da. "Estudo da coimobilização de lactase e neutrase em suporte de quitosana e alginato de sódio: Comparação de diferentes metodologias visando à hidrólise da lactose e proteínas provenientes do soro de queijo." Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2015. http://dspace.sti.ufcg.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riufcg/1247.
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Previous issue date: 2015-07-28<br>CNPq<br>Enzimas são proteínas biocatalisadoras, aumentam a velocidade de reação sem alterar o equilíbrio. Apresentam alta eficiência durante as reações bioquímicas no metabolismo dos seres vivos. O soro de queijo pode apresentar-se aplicado na dieta de alguns animais; como também serem descartado nos efluentes. O extrato seco do soro de leite corresponde à lactose, proteínas, sais minerais e gordura, dos quais a lactose é o material energético utilizado em processos biotecnológicos (indústria farmacêutica e alimentícia) e as proteínas destacam-se devido ao valor nutricional. A hidrólise é um método promissor para a indústria de alimentos, pois possibilita o desenvolvimento de novos produtos hidrolisados, aumentando assim a disponibilidade de nutrientes aos produtos lácteos e a nível mundial e atenuação por intolerantes a lactose. A imobilização de enzimas é uma técnica cada vez mais utilizada a fim de melhorar a aplicação industrial de enzimas permitindo um melhor controle da produção e redução de custos. Objetivou-se estudar coimobilização de lactase e neutrase em suporte de quitosana comparando metodologias visando à hidrólise da lactose e proteínas do soro de queijo, além de promover o reaproveitamento de produtos regionais mais baratos como suportes a base de quitosana e alginato de sódio. Inicialmente prepararam-se os suportes a serem aplicados no estudo com quitosana 4% (m/v) e alginato de sódio 2,5% (m/v) ativados com glutaraldeído 5% (v/v). Na primeira etapa, determinaram-se o rendimento e atividade de imobilização e coimobilização, atividade recuperada e atividade aparente dos melhores derivados obtidos. Para a segunda fase, os catalisadores imobilizados e coimobilizados foram estudados quanto à estabilidade térmica e operacional, tempo de meia vida, grau de hidrólise e concentração de glicose. Os resultados para os derivados formados a partir da quitosana foram satisfatórios obtendo um rendimento de coimobilização para a neutrase (76,53%) e para a lactase (91,30%). Suportes de alginato de sódio não apresentaram boa adequação para imobilização e coimobilização obtendo-se rendimentos nulos. Houve um aumento na estabilidade térmica e tempo de meia vida nos derivados de quitosana. Na comparação do grau de hidrólise entre a neutrase livre, imobilizada e coimobilizada obteve-se um melhor desempenho da enzima imobilizada (20%) em 80 minutos de reação. Quando se comparou a conversão de glicose com lactase livre, imobilizada e coimobilizada a melhor resultado foi a lactase livre (15g/L) em 30 minutos de reação. A estabilidade operacional da neutrase em cinco ciclos consecutivos ocorreu uma queda de (46%) no grau máximo de hidrólise, já a lactase em seu quinto ciclo de reutilização em bateladas foi obtido perda de (16,4%) na concentração de glicose. Dessa forma, obtiveram-se bons derivados de lactase e neutrase coimobilizada possibilitando a reutilização da enzima, reduzindo custos de processo.<br>Enzymes are proteins biocatalisadoras, increase reaction speed without changing the balance. They feature high efficiency during the biochemical reactions in the metabolism of living beings. The cheese whey may be present in the applied diet some animals; but also be disposed in the effluent. The dry extract of whey corresponds lactose, proteins, minerals and fat, of which lactose is the energetic material used in biotechnological processes (pharmaceutical and food industry) and proteins stand out due to their nutritional value. Hydrolysis is a promising method for the food industry, it allows the development of new hydrolysed products, thereby increasing the availability of nutrients for milk products and worldwide and mitigation for the lactose intolerant. The immobilizing enzymes is an increasingly used technique to improve the industrial application of enzymes allowing better control of production and cost reduction. The objective was to study coimobilização lactase and neutrase in chitosan support methodologies aimed at comparing hydrolysis of lactose and whey proteins, and promote the reuse of cheaper local products as supports the basis of chitosan and sodium alginate. Initially prepared brackets to be applied to the study of 4% chitosan (w/v) and sodium alginate (2.5% w/v) activated with glutaraldehyde (5% v/v). In the first stage, they were determined income and immobilization activity and coimobilizada, recovered activity and apparent activity of the best obtained derivatives. For the second phase, the immobilized catalysts and coimobilizada were studied for thermal and operational stability, half-life, degree of hydrolysis and the glucose concentration. The results for the derivatives formed from chitosan were obtained satisfactory yield coimobilizada for neutrase (76.53%) and lactase (91.30%). Sodium alginate holders did not show good fit for immobilization and coimobilizada obtaining zero income. There was an increase in the thermal stability and half-life in the chitosan derivatives. Comparing the degree of hydrolysis between free Neutrase, and immobilized coimobilizada obtained a better performance of the immobilized enzyme (20%) at 80 minutes of reaction. When comparing the conversion of glucose to free lactase, immobilized and coimobilizada the best result was the free lactase (15g/L) in 30 minutes of reaction. The operational stability of Neutrase in five consecutive cycles there was a fall (46%) maximum degree of hydrolysis, longer lactase in its fifth reuse cycle in batches loss was obtained (16.4%) in glucose concentration. Thus, there were obtained good derivatives lactase and coimobilizada neutrase enabling reuse of the enzyme, reducing processing costs.
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Lima, Tiago Antônio de. "Aplicação de nanopartículas de prata e titânio na melhoria das propriedades de filmes de alginato de sódio para uso em curativos /." Ilha Solteira, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/154388.
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Orientador: Márcia Regina de Moura Aouada<br>Resumo: Os curativos são agentes que, aplicados sobre uma lesão externa, auxiliam na cicatrização e cura; geralmente são de materiais leves, ordinariamente de algodão. A ideia de um curativo inteligente é fornecer um material leve, biocompátivel, biodegradável e anatômico que irá se adaptar perfeitamente para promover a cura de diferentes tipos de lesões. O objetivo deste trabalho foi melhorar as propriedades mecânicas e de barreiras em filmes de alginato de sódio. Desta forma, nanopartículas de prata com tamanho médio de 90 nm foram obtidas através de síntese química pela redução de nitrato de prata por borohidreto de sódio, e nanodispersão de dióxido de titânio obtida em equipamento de ultrassom. As nanopartículas foram inseridas na matriz de alginato juntamente com solução de sorbitol a 65%, e os filmes foram obtidos através do processo “Casting”. Posteriormente, o material foi caracterizado e os resultados das propriedades mecânicas de tensão por deformação revelaram que a presença de nanoemulsão de titânio (TiNE) e nanopartículas de prata (AgNP) na matriz de alginato aumentou a resistência à tração em aproximadamente 6,4 e 14,3%, respectivamente. Já nos filmes que tinham sorbitol, foi reduzida em 55,5%. Em contrapartida, a deformação foi aumentada em cerca de 1 a 3%. A estabilidade térmica dos filmes também sofreu um aumento (comprovada pelas técnicas de DSC e TG). Estes efeitos no aumento do elongamento e estabilidade térmica podem estar associados à formação de uma estrutura s... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)<br>Abstract: Dressings are agents that, applied on an external lesion, aid and healing; Usually they are of light materials, ordinarily of cotton. The idea of an intelligent dressing is to provide a light, biocompatible, biodegradable and anatomical material that will fit perfectly to promote healing of different types of lesions. The objective of this work was to improve the mechanical and barrier properties of sodium alginate films. In this way, silver nanoparticles (AgNP) with a mean size of 75-96 nm were obtained through chemical synthesis by reduction of silver nitrate by sodium borohydride, and titanium dioxide nanoemulsion (TiNE) by dispersion in ultrasonic equipment. Through the casting process, the nanoparticles were inserted into the alginate matrix together with 65% sorbitol solution. Subsequently, the material was characterized and the results of the tensile tests revealed that the presence of TiNE and AgNP in the alginate matrix increased the tensile strength by approximately 6.4 and 14.3% respectively. In the films that had sorbitol, it was reduced by 55.5%. In contrast, the elongation rate was increased about 1 to 3%. The thermal stability of the films also increased (as evidenced by DSC and TG techniques). These effects on increasing elongation and thermal stability may be associated with the formation of a spider-like structure with more compact regions around metal NPs and regions with polymer chain spreading with predominance of M monomers due to the eletrostatic repuls... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)<br>Mestre
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Rolim, Ana Emília Holanda. "Avaliação de microesferas de hidroxiapatita, dopadas ou não com estrôncio, no reparo de defeito ósseo crítico, em calvária de rato." Programa de Pós- Graduação em Odontologia da UFBA, 2010. http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/10506.
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Previous issue date: 2010<br>A bioengenharia tecidual tem possibilitado o desenvolvimento de biomateriais e técnicas inovadoras capazes de restituir a qualidade de vida aos pacientes com perdas ósseas, após a remoção de grandes tumores ósseos, traumas e em algumas doenças metabólicas. Dentre os biomateriais empregados nas terapias regenerativas destacam-se as biocerâmicas sintéticas, na forma de microesferas. Estas microesferas constituem um arcabouço que possibilita, no interstício formado entre as esferas, a difusão de fatores de crescimento e angiogênicos, a migração de cálulas osteogênicas essenciais à regeneração deste tecido. Ainda apresentam características físico-químicas semelhantes ao componente inorgânico do tecido ósseo e biocompatibilidade. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a regeneração de defeitos ósseos críticos, em calvária de rato. Para tanto, utilizou-se uma amostra composta de 60 animais, dividida em quatro grupos: Gl - defeito sem biomaterial, preenchido por coágulo; Gll - microesferas de hidroxiapatita e alginato (HA - Alg); Glll - microeferas de hidroxiapatita dopadas com estrôncio (HASr); GlV - microesferas de hidroxiapatita dopadas com estrôncio e alginato (HASr -Alg), avaliados aos 15, 45 e 120 dias de pós operatório. As análises histológicas, por microscopia de luz, demonstraram neoformação óssea mais evidente no grupo Gll em todos os pontos biológicos quando comparado aos demais grupos. As microesferas implantadas nos grupos lll e lV apresentaram maior fragmentação quando comparadas com as do grupo ll, provavelmente devido à adição de estrôncio à estrutura da HA. A neoformação óssea caracterizada pela osteocondução foi observada de permeio a esses fragmentos do biomaterial. No grupo lll, a ausência do alginato tornou as microesferas mais porosas, com formação de septos de tecido conjuntivo e células fusiformes no interior das microesferas. Em conclusão, os biomateriais apresentaram potencial osteogênico e osteocondutor formando um arcabouço tridimensional que favoreceu a neoformação óssea. A HA associada ao alginato apresentou características histológicas mais evidentes quanto a biocompatibilidade e a osteogênese, quando comparada a HA dopada com estrôncio.<br>Salvador
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Santos, Ivory Marcos Gomes dos. "Influência da adição de biopolímeros e hidroxiapatita em pastas de cimento contendo sílica para cimentação de poços de petróleo." Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 2017. http://ri.ufs.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/3469.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES<br>Portland cement pastes are applied in the cementing of oil wells in sedimentary saliferous basins in regions called Pre-Salt. Usually, silica amounts are added to cement slurries to reduce portlandite formation, what increases the chemical reactivity of cemented regions before chemical attacks. However, little is known about the application of other types of materials, such as natural polymers, for example chitosan and sodium alginate, and hydroxyapatite, which can be extracted from fish scales. The influence of the addition of hydroxyapatite from fish scales, chitosan and sodium alginate in silica-containing cement pastes, which were prepared and hydrated with sea water, was evaluated in this study. After 28 days of hydration at room temperature, it was observed that the cement paste prepared only with silica exhibited a higher percentage of portlandite compared to that prepared with hydroxyapatite, chitosan and sodium alginate. These cement pastes were evaluated before solutions of sodium chloride (NaCl), sulfuric acid (H2SO4), as well as in production water under different experimental conditions. The results indicated that in cement pastes were still anhydrous compounds, which had not been hydrated. Thus, the cement pastes continued to be hydrated during the immersion tests. In the analysis, it was observed that the paste prepared with hydroxyapatite, chitosan and sodium alginate, showed to be more resistant in presence of the chemical attacks, due to having smaller amounts of portlandite.<br>Pastas de cimento Portland são aplicadas na cimentação de poços de petróleo em bacias sedimentares salíferas em regiões denominadas de Pré-Sal. Normalmente, quantidades de sílica são adicionadas as pastas de cimento, para diminuir a formação de portlandita, que aumenta a reatividade química das regiões cimentadas frente a ataques químicos. No entanto, sabe-se pouco sobre a aplicação de outros tipos de materiais, como polímeros naturais, a exemplo de quitosana e alginato de sódio, e hidroxiapatita, que pode ser extraída de escamas de peixes. No presente estudo, avaliou-se a influência da adição de hidroxiapatita proveniente de escamas de peixes, quitosana e alginato de sódio em pastas de cimento contendo sílica, que foram preparadas e hidratadas com água do mar. Após 28 dias de hidratação à temperatura ambiente, observou-se que a pasta de cimento preparada somente com sílica exibiu maior percentual de portlandita em comparação daquela que foi preparada com hidroxiapatita, quitosana e alginato de sódio. Essas pastas de cimento foram avaliadas frente a soluções de cloreto de sódio (NaCl), ácido sulfúrico (H2SO4), bem como em água de produção, sob diferentes condições experimentais. Os resultados indicaram que, nas pastas de cimento ainda haviam compostos anidros, que não tinham sido hidratados. Assim sendo, as pastas de cimento continuaram sendo hidratadas durante a realização dos testes de imersão. Nas análises, observou-se que a pasta preparada com hidroxiapatita, quitosana e alginato de sódio, mostrou-se mais resistente frente aos ataques químicos, por apresentar menores quantidades de portlandita.
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MARCI, LUISA. "Studio di formulazione e caratterizzazione di nanoparticelle a base di trimetil chitosano e sodio alginato per il rilascio mirato di farmaci." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/266711.
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The purpose of this study was to develop positively charged nanoparticles (NPs) based on trimethyl chitosan (TMC) and sodium alginate (SA) as drug delivery systems able to interact with the sialic residues of the mucous membranes. The TMC has been synthesised in our laboratory slightly modifying literature procedure, and characterised by 1H-NMR spectroscopy. NPs were prepared with the ionotropic gelation method, using sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) as cross-linking agent. Ten different nanoparticle formulations were developed by varying the concentration of one component, while keeping constant the other two, or by varying the ratio between the components. The aim of this formulation study was to determine the effect of both polymers and cross-linker concentrations and their ratios on nanoparticle dimensional parameters, such as mean size, size distribution, and surface charge. Overall results of the formulation study indicated that samples prepared with 2 mg/mL TMC concentration and different SA concentrations, namely 1 or 2 mg/mL, showed the best dimensional features, while the optimum concentration of cross-linking agent was 1 mg/mL. Moreover, nanoparticles showed a positive charge surface, suitable to interact with mucous membranes. Preliminary morphological examination of NPs was performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the interactions between polymers were examined by FTIR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy.
The formulations which show best results in terms of size, size distribution, and surface charge have been used for the encapsulation of two model drugs for
nose to brain drug delivery, progesterone (PG-NPs) and levodopa (LD-NPs), at different concentrations. Indeed, recent developments have proved the possibility of using the nasal pathway for direct transport of drugs from nose to brain. Both PG-NPs and LD-NPs have positive zeta potential (~ + 30 mV) and particle size dependent on the drug concentration. Encapsulation efficiency (EE%) has been calculated for both series, and the obtained data demonstrated that the average EE% values are ranging around 85-90% for PG-NPs and less than 20% for LD-NPs. Therefore, the studied drug delivery system seems to be more suitable for the encapsulation of lipophilic drugs (as PG) than hydrophilic drugs (as LD). We deeper characterised PG-NPs, in terms of stability and drug release profile. We found out that the release of the drug is constant and prolonged and that NPs are almost stable in solution for a 30-day period.
In conclusion, this study reports on the preliminary results on TMC/SA NPs that could represent a promising strategy for nose to brain drug delivery. Further studies are required to confirm the potentiality of these systems, as cytotoxicity and ex-vivo permeation studies, and to evaluate their efficacy in vivo.
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Morigi, Francesca. "A green approach to mesoporous silica particles synthesis by sol-gel chemistry." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/13434/.
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Mesoporous silica materials have a wide variety of applications in different sectors depending on their characteristic porosity, particle dimensions and functionalization. They are used as heterogeneous catalyst agents in industrial synthesis, stationary phase in chromatography or in biomedical applications as drug delivery systems. Consequently a significant number of studies have focused on the development of preparation methods that allow the regulation of the pore size and pore morphology of the silica. This thesis work, conducted at UCC (University College Cork, Ireland), aims to find a “greener” path than the one traditionally used to synthesize good quality mesoporous silica particles. It is a preliminary work whose purpose is to determine if it can be considered viable to start further systematic research in this direction. Nowadays it is impossible to ignore the need of an environmentally sustainable approach towards chemical synthesis and processes design. Green Chemistry and its Twelve Principles are central to the development of the mesoporous silica material preparation procedure utilized within this research. A modified Stöber sol-gel method of synthesis was chosen for its intrinsically green features: it is a batch process, the reaction takes place at room temperature and one of the main solvents is water. This study focuses on changing those aspects of the “standard” procedure which are not so environmentally friendly: the second solvent (alcohol), the surfactant (most commonly CTAB) and the post synthesis hydrothermal treatment. In particular Sodium Alginate, a polysaccharide extracted from the cell wall of brown seaweed, is the surfactant of choice. Until now no works have been reported on the use of alginate as a direct anionic surfactant template. Characterization of obtained silica particles was performed employing N2 sorption for information about porosity and SEM and TEM imaging to evaluate particles aggregation, aspect and size.
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Ковшун, А. В., А. Ф. Сандюк, Ольга Михайлівна Кириченко та ін. "Синтез плівок на основі альгінату та желатину з додаванням стрептоциду". Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2017. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/64076.
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Метою нашої роботи було виготовлення плівок, які можуть бути
використані в медичній практиці для швидкого загоювання ран. Основою для
виготовлення плівкових матеріалів є біополімери желатин (Жел), що є
денатурованою формою колагену, та натрію альгінат (Альг), який отримують
із водоростей і широко використовують у якості біодобавки. В якості
лікарського засобу використали стрептоцид, що має антисептичні,
бактеріостатичні та регенеруючі властивості і належить до групи
сульфаніламідів. Всі компоненти є безпечними для організму людини.
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Badra, Suzanna Bizarro. "Estudo do equilíbrio de fases em sistemas contendo polímeros naturais: fibroína de seda e alginato de sódio." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3137/tde-08032019-112706/.
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Blendas poliméricas de biopolímeros, além de apresentarem uma melhora das propriedades do material, ainda possuem as vantagens de serem biocompatíveis, biodegradáveis e apresentar baixa toxicicidade, como no caso de blendas de alginato de sódio e fibroína de seda. Membranas confeccionadas a partir desta mistura apresentam grande potencial no desenvolvimento de curativos de alto desempenho, proporcionando condições ótimas de cicatrização. Entretanto, o processo de mistura destes biopolímeros é bastante complexo e resulta na separação de fases, processo que ainda não foi muito explorado. Este trabalho buscou explorar experimentalmente o comportamento do equilíbrio de fases dos sistemas aquosos contendo fibroína de seda e alginato de sódio em diversos valores de pH. Soluções aquosas de fibroína foram previamente preparadas por meio de processo de diálise, e soluções de alginato, por meio de dissolução direta em água. Ambas as soluções eram misturadas em concentrações em que se desejava avaliar o comportamento de fases. Após a separação de fases, a fase líquida sobrenadante era coletada, a fibroína quantificada via espectrofotometria e o alginato, via calcinação. Observou-se que a região monofásica do diagrama de fases é pequena, e a separação de uma segunda fase ocorre em concentrações baixas dos dois biopolímeros. A separação de fases pôde ser descrita como a precipitação da fibroína pela adição de alginato, e a solubilidade da fibroína pôde ser descrita por meio da equação de Cohn. As curvas de solubilidade obtidas não apresentaram diferenças significativas em função do pH. Medidas do potencial Zeta de soluções de alginato e fibroína em diversas faixas de pH não mostraram diferenças significativas quanto à carga superficial das moléculas, o que é compatível com a ausência de influência do pH no equilíbrio de fases.<br>Polymer blends formed by biopolymers may show an improvement of material properties (compared to the pure biopolymers), and present advantages such as biocompatibility, biodegradability and low toxicity. An interesting biopolymer blend is that formed by sodium alginate and silk fibroin. Membranes prepared with this mixture show great potential in the development of high-performance wound dressing, since it provides optimum healing conditions. However, the mixing process of these two biopolymers is complex and has not been extensively explored. In this work the phase equilibrium behavior of aqueous systems containing silk fibroin and sodium alginate was experimentally studied at different pH values. Fibroin aqueous solutions were previously prepared through dialysis, and alginate solutions were prepared by direct dissolution in water. Both solutions were mixed at the concentration range in which the phase behavior of the system was to be assessed. After phase separation, the supernatant liquid phase was separated, the fibroin was quantified through spectrophotometry. and the alginate was quantified through calcination. The single-phase region of the phase diagram is small, and the separation of a second phase occurs at low concentrations of both biopolymers. The phase separation could be described as the precipitation of fibroin due to the addition of alginate, and the solubility of fibroin was described by the Cohn equation. The solubility was not significantly affected by the pH. The Zeta potential of either alginate or fibroin, measured in solutions of different pH values, did not present any significant difference concerning the surface charges of these macromolecules. This finding agrees with the absence of pH influence upon the phase equilibrium.
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Iwaki, Yurika Okamoto. "Eletrólitos sólidos poliméricos a base de alginato de sódio." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/88/88131/tde-23032010-170752/.
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Este trabalho teve como objetivo principal a preparação e caracterização de filmes de alginato de sódio plastificado com glicerol. Foram preparadas amostras de filmes variando-se a concentração de ácido acético ou de perclorato de lítio, com a finalidade de otimizá-los como eletrólitos sólidos poliméricos (ESP) em dispositivos eletroquímicos, como sensores e baterias. Após o preparo dos filmes, estes foram caracterizados por análise elementar (AE), microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), difração de raios-X, termogravimetria (TG), análise térmica mecânico dinâmica (DMTA), espectroscopia no UV-VIS, espectroscopia de infravermelho (IR) e espectroscopia de impedância eletroquímica (EIE). Os filmes preparados com alginato de sódio foram plastificados com 0,6 g de glicerol e apresentaram transparência nos comprimentos de onda da luz visível, boa condutividade iônica e maleabilidade. Através dos difratogramas de raios-X pode-se observar que os filmes possuem predominantemente caráter amorfo. O filme de alginato de sódio dopado com 0,3 mL ácido acético apresentou a melhor condutividade (8,7x10-5 S cm-1 a temperatura ambiente e de 1,15x10-3 S cm-1 a 80°C). Para amostras com quantidades maiores de ácido acético os filmes tornaram-se quebradiços e opacos. Para as amostras preparadas com perclorato de lítio a melhor condutividade obtida foi com o filme preparado utilizando 15% em massa de perclorato de lítio: 3,1x10-4 S cm-1 a temperatura ambiente e 1,2x10-3 S cm-1, a 80°C. As análises dos valores de condutividade em função da temperatura das amostras de alginato de sódio revelaram que este segue o modelo Vogel-Tamman-Fulcher (VTF) de condução, onde a movimentação das cadeias poliméricas auxilia na condução iônica. O valor de energia de ativação foi de 36,14 kJ mol-1 para a amostra com 0,3 mL de ácido acético foi de 36 kJ mol-1 para a amostra com 0,4 mL de ácido. Para os filmes preparados com 15% em massa de perclorato de lítio foi de 18,43 kJ mol-1. Essas novas membranas demonstraram ser candidata promissora para aplicação em diversos dispositivos eletroquímicos.<br>The aim of this study was the preparation and characterization of sodium alginate membranes plasticized with glycerol. The samples were obtained with different concentration of acetic acid or lithium perchlorate in order to use them as solid polymer electrolytes (SPE) in electrochemical devices, such as sensors and batteries. The films were characterized by elemental analysis (EA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray, thermogravimetry (TG), dynamic-mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), UV-visible spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy (IR) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (IES). The samples plasticized with 0.6 g of glycerol showed good transparency, good ionic conductivity and flexibility. X-ray diffractograms evidenced predominantly amorphous state of the samples. The best ionic conductivity results of 8.7 x 10 -5 S cm -1 at room temperature and 1.15 x 10 - 3 S cm -1 at 80 ° C were obtained with sodium alginate samples containing 0.3 mL of acetic acid. Samples with larger amounts of acid became brittle and opaque. The best conductivity values of 3.1 x10 -4 S cm -1 at room temperature and 1, 2 x10 -3 S cm -1 at 80 ° C were obtained for the samples containing 15 wt.% of lithium perchlorate.. The analysis of the conductivity as a function of temperature revealed that they follow the Vogel-Tamman-Fulcher (VTF) conductivity model. The activation energy were 36, 14 kJ mol -1 for the sample with 0.3 mL of acetic acid and 36 kJ mol -1 for the sample with 0.4 mL of acid. The sample with 15 wt.% of lithium perchlorate showed activation energy of 18.43 kJ mol -1. This new ionic conducting membranes are good candidates to be used as electrolytes in electrochemical devices.
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Lira, Ana Amélia Moreira. "Desenvolvimento, caracterização e avaliação de sistemas microestruturados para veiculação de ácido retinóico na pele." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/60/60137/tde-01122010-105253/.
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Este trabalho propôe o desenvolvimento de micropartículas para veiculação deste fármaco na pele, aumentando a estabilidade da molécula e proporcionando uma liberação sustentada, o que resulta na otimização da terapia, visto que ocorre a redução dos efeitos colaterais. As micropartículas foram produzidas por três métodos diferentes, os dois primeiros utilizando a quitosana como polímero e o último utilizando uma associação de alginato com quitosana. As micropartículas de quitosana resultaram em interação do fármaco veiculado com o polímero e desta forma a sua utilização como sistema de liberação para veiculação do fármaco estudado foi descartada. As micropartículas de alginato/quitosana encapsularam efetivamente o fármaco, resultando em partículas irregulares com diâmetro médio de 148m. Elas apresentaram liberação sustentada do ácido retinóico por um período compatível com sua utilização tópica e por isso, parecem ser adequados para garantir estabilidade ao fármaco. Além disso, elas diminuíram a retenção do fármaco no estrato córneo quando comparado ao fármaco livre, mantendo seus níveis nas outras camadas mais profundas da pele. Esse direcionamento sítio-específico poderia diminuir a sua irritação dérmica, possibilitando, dessa forma, juntamente com o aumento de sua estabilidade, a obtenção de efeitos terapêuticos com a utilização de doses menores. Também não foram observadas interações entre o fármaco e o polímero demonstrando que a matriz de alginato foi capaz de proteger o fármaco do contato e da interação com a quitosana. Além disso, o método utilizado mostrou ser simples e rápido, realizado em condições amenas, sem o inconveniente da utilização de agentes cross-linking químicos tóxicos, como o glutaraldeído.<br>This study proposes the development of microparticles for drug delivery into the skin, thus increasing molecule stability and providing sustained release that results in therapy optimization as a result of reduction in side-effects. The microparticles were produced by three different methods. The two first methods used chitosan as a polymer, and the third utilized a chitosanalginate association. The chitosan microparticles resulted in the interaction of the delivered drug with the polymer; hence, its use as a release system for delivery of the studied drug was disregarded. The alginate/chitosan microparticles effectively encapsulated the drug, resulting in irregular particles with a mean diameter of 148m. They exhibited sustained release of retinoic acid for a period of time that was compatible with topical application and, therefore, seem to be suitable to ensure drug stability. Additionally, the microparticles decreased drug retention in the stratum corneum as compared to the free drug, thus keeping its levels in other deeper layers of the skin. Such site-specific direction could reduce dermal irritation, consequently enabling, conjointly with stability increase, the achievement of therapeutic effects with the use of smaller doses. Drug-polymer interactions were also not observed, showing that the alginate matrix was capable of protecting the drug from the contact and interaction with chitosan. Besides, the applied method proved to be simple and fast. It can be performed in mild conditions without the inconvenience of using toxic cross-linking chemical agents, such as glutaraldehyde.
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Rosso, Giovana Américo. "Recobrimento de sementes silvestres em panela rotatória." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/4116.
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Previous issue date: 2013-03-21<br>Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos<br>In order to minimize the effects caused by the development of Brazil, such as the suppression of riparian forest, one has searched for tree species that have the characteristics needed for the recovery of degraded areas. Given this, studies focus on higher plants of encapsulated wild fruits, especially the Mabea fistulifera Mart. Considering that M. fistulifera reproduces through embryonic units that need to be treated, this study aimed to evaluate the drying of wild fruits with explosive dehiscence and the coating "in natura" seed with gel mixture via coating pan, as well as evaluating the tolerance of embryos related to the immediate effects of the processes. Thus, the experimental procedure consisted of the collection of capsular fruits and extraction of seeds of fruit by drying so were analyzed drying methods via radiation, natural convection, forced convection and coating pan. It was considered for the drying methods analysis the opening fruit speed and seed vigor. Thus, all processes allowed physiological recovery of embryos, but the extraction method via pan promoted the highest opening speed of the fruits. Once performed the extraction, the seeds were separated from the inert material obtaining pure batches of seeds. There were also characterizations of size, shape and specific mass obtaining the results (0,78±0,05) cm, (0,67±0,04) cm and (0,59±0,04) cm for Dmax, Dmédio and Dmim, respectively, form factor (0,75±0,01), specific mass of (1,20±0,01) g/cm³ and apparent mass of (0,82±0,01) g/cm³. Analyzes were also made for chemical seed yielding (82,93±0,11)% of dry matter (19,03±0,78)% crude protein, (1,18±0,11) g/kg calcium (0,65±0,03) g/kg magnesium (0,58±0,04) g/kg phosphorus (13,45±0,33) g/kg potassium (0,70±0,03) g/kg of sulfur. The process of coating seeds, through reaction between sodium alginate gel and calcium chloride salt at different angles of inclination and rotation speed of the coating pan, was also analyzed. Thus, it was found that to achieve the coating of the particles it was necessary to prepare the particle surface by chemical scarification, in order to increase the surface roughness of the seed, followed by rehydration with saturated calcium chloride. This way, it was found that the angle of 25° and speed of 25 rpm generate the greatest quantity of mass adhered on seeds. In addition, tests were performed to verify the efficiency of the coating process, and with the lowest angle set in experimental design was found higher values of efficiency. In tests of particle growth was evaluated that the process time was approximately 8 seconds. Finally, the analysis and processing of data obtained through statistical techniques and equations from literature were performed. In this way, the results contributed to improvements in drying processes of wild fruits and the coating of seeds of the pioneer species M. fistulífera.<br>A fim de minimizar os efeitos causados pelo desenvolvimento do Brasil, tal como, a supressão da Mata Ciliar, buscam-se espécies arbóreas que tenham as características necessárias para a recuperação de áreas degradadas. Diante disto, estudam-se plantas superiores de frutos encapsulados silvestres, das quais se destaca a Mabea fistulífera Mart.. Tendo em vista que a M. fistulífera se reproduz através de unidades embrionárias que precisam ser tratadas, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a secagem de frutos silvestres com deiscência explosiva para extração das sementes e do recobrimento das sementes com mistura gel via drageadora, bem como a avaliação da tolerância dos embriões em relação aos efeitos imediatos dos processos. Assim, o procedimento experimental consistiu na coleta dos frutos capsulares e extração das sementes através da secagem dos frutos, de modo que foram analisados os métodos de secagem via radiação solar, convecção natural, convecção forçada e via secagem em drageadora. Considerou-se para a análise dos métodos de secagem a velocidade de abertura dos frutos e qualidade fisiológica das sementes. Assim sendo, verificou-se que todos os métodos permitiram a recomposição fisiológica dos embriões, porém a secagem via drageadora ocorreu com menor tempo de processo em relação às demais técnicas. Uma vez realizada a extração das sementes, estas foram separadas dos materiais inertes obtendo-se lotes puros de sementes. Realizaram-se também as caracterizações de tamanho, forma e massa específica obtendo-se os resultados de (0,78±0,05) cm, (0,67±0,04) cm e (0,59±0,04) cm para os Dmáx, Dmédio e Dmim, respectivamente, fator de forma de (0,075±0,01), massa específica real de (1,20±0,01) g/cm³ e massa específica aparente de (0,82±0,01) g/cm³. Foram feitas também análises para caracterização química das sementes obtendo-se (82,93±0,11)% de matéria seca, (19,03±,078)% de proteína bruta, (1,18±0,11) g/kg de cálcio, (0,65±0,03) g/kg de magnésio, (0,58±0,04) g/kg de fósforo, (13,45±0,33) g/kg de potássio e (0,70±0,03) g/kg de enxofre. Analisou-se também o processo de recobrimento das sementes via reação entre o gel alginato de sódio e o sal cloreto de cálcio em diferentes ângulos de inclinação e velocidade de rotação da panela rotatória (drageadeira). Verificouse que para realizar o recobrimento das partículas foi necessário preparar a superfície das partículas através de escarificação química, visando ao aumento na rugosidade da superfície das sementes, e posterior reumidificação com solução saturada de cloreto de cálcio. Desta forma, constatou-se que o ângulo de 25° e a velocidade de 25 rpm possibilitaram maior quantidade de massa aderida sobre as sementes. Além disto, realizaram-se testes a fim de verificar a eficiência do processo de recobrimento, sendo que nos níveis mais baixos do planejamento experimental verificaram-se os maiores valores de eficiência. Nos testes de crescimento das partículas avaliou-se o tempo de processo que foi aproximadamente de 8 segundos. Por fim, foi realizada a análise e o tratamento dos dados obtidos, mediante técnicas estatísticas e equações advindas da literatura. Desta forma, com os resultados obtidos colaborou-se para avanços nos processos de secagem dos frutos silvestres e no recobrimento das sementes da espécie pioneira M. fistulífera.
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Chiumarelli, Marcela 1981. "Avaliação da vida util de manga (Mangifera indica cv 'Tommy Atkins') minimamente processada pre-tratada com acido citrico e coberturas comestiveis." [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/255136.
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Orientador: Miriam Dupas Hubinger<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T19:32:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2008<br>Resumo: A manga é uma fruta largamente cultivada e consumida no Brasil, sendo exportada também 'in natura¿ para diversos países. Na forma minimamente processada, apesar da grande praticidade, as fatias podem apresentar escurecimento enzimático e mudanças desagradáveis de textura. Neste contexto, este trabalho visou estudar a vida útil de fatias de manga (Mangifera indica cv 'Tommy Atkins¿) pré-tratadas com ácido cítrico e/ou recobertas com fécula de mandioca ou alginato de sódio e estocadas a 5°C. Em testes preliminares, concentrações de 0,5% a 2% (p/v) de ácido cítrico e 1% a 3% (p/v) de fécula de mandioca foram analisadas quanto a: perda de peso, propriedades mecânicas (tensão e deformação na ruptura) e cor (L*, C* e H*). As concentrações de 0,5% de ácido cítrico e 1% de fécula de mandioca foram definidas como as melhores condições de tratamento. Na etapa subseqüente, foram analisadas as condições ótimas de tratamento associadas (ácido cítrico e cobertura de fécula de mandioca), fatias de manga imersas em solução de ácido cítrico (0,5%) com cobertura a base de alginato de sódio (concentração de 2% p/v) e a adição de 1% (p/v) de glicerol nos tratamentos com recobrimentos. As amostras com cobertura de alginato apresentaram maior perda de textura e escurecimento enzimático. As películas de fécula de mandioca foram mais eficientes na conservação dos parâmetros de qualidade das fatias de manga. Embora todas as coberturas tenham reduzido a taxa respiratória do produto, a adição de glicerol permitiu maior troca gasosa. Para o estudo de vida útil do produto, foram selecionados os tratamentos com cobertura de fécula, com e sem glicerol. O tratamento com película de fécula sem glicerol foi mais eficiente na manutenção da textura e coloração. Devido à imersão em ácido cítrico, essas amostras apresentaram maiores valores de acidez total titulável e menores valores de sólidos solúveis totais. As fatias com película de fécula de mandioca sem glicerol apresentaram boa aceitação sensorial e sua vida útil foi atestada em 15 dias. As fatias com película de fécula contendo glicerol apresentaram sabor amargo e, devido ao crescimento microbiano, obtiveram uma vida útil de 10 dias<br>Abstract: Mango is a widely grown and consumed fruit in Brazil, being also exported 'in natura¿ to many different countries. Fresh-cut mangoes, in spite of their practicity, may have enzymatic browning and unpleasant changes of texture. Thus, this work aimed to study the shelf-life of mango slices (Mangifera indica cv 'Tommy Atkins¿) pre-treated with citric acid and/or covered with cassava starch or sodium alginate and stored at 5°C. Preliminary tests with citric acid concentrations between 0.5% and 2% (w/v) and cassava starch from 1% to 3% (w/v) were made to quantify weight loss, mechanical properties (stress and strain at failure) and color (L*, C* and H*). The 0.5% citric acid and the 1% cassava starch concentrations were considered the best treatment conditions. In the following procedures, the best conditions for associated treatments (citric acid and cassava starch coating), mango slices dipped in citric acid solution (0.5%) with sodium alginate coating (2% w/v) and the addition of 1% (w/v) of glycerol on the coated treatments were analyzed. The samples with alginate coating showed the higher texture loss and enzymatic browning. Cassava starch coatings were more efficient in maintaining the quality parameters of the mango slices. Although all coatings have reduced the respiration rate of the product, the addition of glycerol promoted higher gas exchange. The treatments with cassava starch, with and without glycerol, were selected to the shelf-life study. The non-glycerol cassava starch treatment was more efficient in maintaining the texture and color. Due to the citric acid dipping, these samples presented higher values of titratable acidity and lower values of total soluble solids. The cassava starch coating slices without glycerol had a good sensorial acceptance and their shelf-life was attested to be of 15 days. The cassava starch coating slices containing glycerol presented a bitter taste and, due to microbiological growth, had a shelf-life of 10 days<br>Mestrado<br>Mestre em Engenharia de Alimentos
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Lima, Daniel Teixeira. "Efeito crioprotetor de lactose e glicose em cÃlulas fÃngicas imobilizadas em alginato de sÃdio como mÃtodo de preservaÃÃo de culturas." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2011. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=7305.
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A criopreservaÃÃo à a metodologia de escolha em muitos bancos de microrganismos pois conduz a uma situaÃÃo de dormÃncia metabÃlica e em conseqÃÃncia as culturas mantÃm-se estÃveis por longos perÃodos. Ao reduzir a temperatura pode todavia ocorrer a formaÃÃo de cristais de gelo que tendem a promover lesÃo celular A lesÃo celular por sua vez pode ser evitada pelo processo de vitrificaÃÃo que ocorre, combinando uma soluÃÃo concentrada com o congelamento rÃpido A literatura relata o uso de carboidratos como agentes vitrificadores e crioprotetores TambÃm informa que a tÃcnica de imobilizaÃÃo de cÃlulas em alginato de sÃdio permite o fracionamento da cultura e favorece a preservaÃÃo de microrganismos O objetivo deste trabalho consiste em avaliar a viabilidade dos fungos dos gÃneros Malassezia spp e do grupo dos Zigomicetos imobilizados em alginato de sÃdio utilizando glicose e lactose como crioprotetores Doze cepas de espÃcies de Malassezia spp (9 M furfur 2 M globosa 1 M simpodialis) e doze cepas de Zigomicetos (7 Mucor s e 5 Rhizopus sp) pertencentes à micoteca do Centro Especializado em Micologia MÃdica da Universidade Federal do Cearà O gÃnero Malassezia abrange leveduras lipodependentes associadas a vÃrias enfermidades dermatolÃgicas compreendem na atualidade 13 espÃcies Zigomicetos, por sua vez sÃo fungos saprÃfitas e ubÃquos cujas hifas por apresentarem elevado tamanho e reduzido conteÃdo protÃico estÃo mais vulnerÃveis a danos mecÃnicos Dessa forma constituem grupos fÃngicos de preservaÃÃo difÃcil em estoque portanto uma metodologia que mantenham a viabilidade de Malassezia spp e Zigomicetos tambÃm poderia ser empregada com eficiÃncia para a estocagem de outros fungos As estruturas fÃngicas foram removidas e transferidas para duas soluÃÃes de estoque, formadas por 3% de caldo Sabouraud 15% de alginato de sÃdio e diferenciadas nas concentraÃÃes de glicose e lactose de 9% ou 23% Em seguida, foram adicionadas esferas plÃsticas, medindo 07cm de diÃmetro com orifÃcio central e 0,5cm de comprimento ApÃs a gelificaÃÃo iÃnica com cloreto de cÃlcio, cada cepa foi estocada à temperatura de -20 ÂC e -80 ÂC distribuÃdas em cinco tubos criogÃnicos de 15mL contendo cinco esferas cada uma sendo avaliados em cinco perÃodos ApÃs nove meses foi verificado que nÃo houve recuperaÃÃo de nenhuma cepa de Malassezia spp Com relaÃÃo Ãs espÃcies de Zigomicetos observou-se que apÃs nove meses de estoque quatro cepas mostraram viÃveis a -80 ÂC empregando glicose a 9%, seis cepas foram preservadas a -80 ÂC, utilizando glicose a 23% finalmente seis e sete exemplares foram recuperados a -80 ÂC utilizando lactose a 9% e 23% respectivamente. Dessa forma, o uso de carboidratos como crioprotetores em conjunto com a tÃcnica de imobilizaÃÃo de cÃlulas em alginato de sÃdio constitui alternativa à manutenÃÃo de algumas espÃcies fÃngicas<br>Cryopreservation is the method of choice in many banks of microorganisms because it leads to a situation of metabolic dormancy and consequently cultures are stable for long periods. By reducing the temperature may however be formed of ice crystals which tend to cause cell damage to cell damage in turn can be avoided by vitrification process which takes place by combining a solution with the quick freezing the literature reports the use of carbohydrates vitrificadores cryoprotectants agents and also advises that the technique of immobilization of cells in sodium alginate allows the fractionation of culture and promotes the preservation of microorganisms The objective of this study is to assess the viability of the fungi of the genus Malassezia spp and the Zygomycetes group of assets in sodium alginate and lactose using glucose as cryoprotectants Twelve strains of species of Malassezia spp (9 M furfur 1 M 2 M globosa simpodialis) and twelve strains of zygomycetes (seven Mucor Rhizopus sp is 5) belonging to the mycology collection of the Specialized Center for Medical Mycology Federal University of Cearà The genus Malassezia comprises yeasts lipodependent associated with various dermatologic diseases currently comprise 13 Zygomycetes species, in turn, are ubiquitous and saprophytic fungi whose hyphae because they have high protein content and reduced size are more vulnerable to mechanical damage this way are groups of fungi in stock so hard to preserve a methodology to maintain the viability of Malassezia spp and Zygomycetes could also be used effectively for the storage of other fungi fungal structures were removed and transferred to two stock solutions, formed by 3% broth Sabouraud 15% sodium alginate and different concentrations of glucose and 9% lactose and 23% were then added plastic spheres, measuring 07cm in diameter and 0.5 cm center hole length After ionic gelation with calcium chloride Each strain was stored at -20  C and -80  C cryogenic distributed in five tubes containing 15 mL each of five levels being evaluated in five periods after nine months it was found that there was no recovery of any strain of Malassezia spp Regarding Zygomycetes species showed that after nine months of inventory four strains were viable at -80  C using glucose 9%, six strains were preserved at -80  C, using 23% glucose last six seven specimens were recovered at -80  C using a 9% lactose and 23% respectively. Thus, the use of cryoprotectants such as carbohydrates in conjunction with the technique of immobilization of cells in sodium alginate is an alternative to maintaining some fungal species
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Freitas, Fernanda Ferreira. "Otimização do processo de imobilização de Beta - galactosidase de Aspergillus oryzae em alginato de sódio com gelatina e glutaraldeído." Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 2007. https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/15100.
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In this work was studied the simultaneous influence of sodium alginate, gelatin and
glutaraldehyde concentrations in the immobilization process of Beta-galactosidase from
Aspergillus oryzae and the kinetic of lactose hydrolysis by the enzyme in the soluble and
immobilized forms. The free enzyme was studied at 35°C and in a pH of 4.5, showing that
for substrate concentrations up to 90g/L, the Michaelis-Menten model fitted the experimental
data, with a Km and Vm value of 17.83 g/L (52.13 mM) and 1032.07 gglicose/L.min.mg proteína
respectively. Galactose acted as a competitive inhibitor on the free enzyme kinetic, presenting
kinect constants Ki and Km values of a 1.015 and e 17.61 g/L respectively. The enzyme was
stable at pH values ranging from 4.5 to 7.0 and a maximum temperature activity of 55°C, with
an activation energy of 6.9 kcal/mol. The thermal stability of the enzyme was studied from 53
to 65°C, presenting a half-life of 7.7 hours at 53°C. The activation energy for the thermal
deactivation process was 88.14 kcal/mol. Through a central composite design, the sodium
alginate, gelatin and glutaraldehyde concentrations that maximized the -galactosidase from
Aspergillus oryzae activity in the inhibition process were, respectively, 6.60%(w/v),
4.05%(w/v) and 3.64%(v/v). The immobilized enzyme presented a 20% drop in activity after
25 uses. The immobilization yield found was 30%. The enzymatic activity for the
immobilized form was maximum at pH of 5.0 and 60°C, determined through a central
composite design. The reaction activation energy for the immobilized enzyme was 7.74
kcal/mol. The immobilized biocatalyst was stable on pH values ranging from 4.5 to 7.0. The
half-life time of the immobilized enzyme was 12.8 hours at 53°C, with a activation energy for
the thermal deactivation process value of 72.03 kcal/mol . The substrate concentration
influence was studied from 5 to 140 g/L of lactose and the Michaelis-Menten model fitted the
experimental data, with Vm and Km values of 1428.14 glactose/min.m3catalyst and 20.62 g/L
(60.3 mM), respectively. It was observed a small resistance to lactose mass transfer at the
biocatalyst particles, in the immobilized enzyme, due to the high effectiveness factor values.
The inhibition model fitted the experimental data and the adjusted Km and Ki values were 16.7
and 9.6g/L, respectively.<br>Neste trabalho estudou-se a influência conjunta das concentrações de alginato de
sódio, gelatina e glutaraldeído no processo de imobilização de Beta-galactosidase de
Aspergillus oryzae e a cinética de hidrólise de lactose pela enzima nas formas solúvel
e imobilizada. A cinética da enzima na forma livre foi estudada a 35°C, a pH 4,5,
verificando que para concentrações de substrato de até 90g/L o modelo de Michaelis-
Menten se ajustou aos resultados experimentais, com valores de Km e Vm iguais a
17,83 g/L (52,13 mM) e 1032,07 gglicose/L.min.mg proteína respectivamente. A galactose
atuou como um inibidor competitivo na cinética da enzima na forma livre,
apresentando constantes cinéticas Ki e Km com valores iguais a 1,015 e 17,61 g/L
respectivamente. A enzima apresentou-se estável na faixa de pH de 4,5 a 7 e
temperatura de máxima atividade de 55°C, com energia de ativação de 6,9 kcal/mol.
A estabilidade térmica da enzima foi estudada na faixa de 53 a 65°C, apresentando
meia vida de 7,7 horas a 53°C. A energia de ativação do processo de desativação
térmica foi de 88,14 kcal/mol. Por meio de um planejamento composto central as
concentrações de alginato de sódio, gelatina e glutaraldeido que maximizaram a
atividade de b-galactosidase de Aspergillus oryzae no processo de imobilização foram,
respectivamente, 6,60% (p/v), 4,05% (p/v) e 3,64% (v/v). A enzima imobilizada
apresentou queda de 20% na atividade após 25 usos. O rendimento de imobilização
encontrado foi de 30%. A atividade enzimática para a forma imobilizada foi máxima a
pH a 5,0, a 60ºC, determinados através de um planejamento composto central. A
energia de ativação da reação usando a enzima imobilizada foi 7,74 kcal/mol. O
biocatalisador imobilizado apresentou-se estável na faixa de pH de 4,5 a 7. O tempo
de meia vida da enzima imobilizada foi 12,8 horas a 53°C apresentando energia de
ativação do processo de desativação térmica de 72,03 kcal/mol. A influência da
concentração de substrato foi estudada para uma faixa de 5 a 140g/L de lactose e o
Modelo de Michaelis-Menten ajustou-se bem aos dados experimentais, com valores de
Vm e Km de 1032,07 glactose/min.m3catalisador e 20,62 g/L (60,3 mM),
respectivamente. Em relação à enzima na forma imobilizada observou-se pequena
resistência à transferência de massa de lactose nas partículas do biocatalisador, em
função dos altos valores do fator de efetividade. O modelo de inibição competitivo
ajustou-se bem aos dados experimentais e os valores de Km e Ki calculados foram 16,7
e 9,6g/L, respectivamente.<br>Doutor em Engenharia Química
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Liu, Huai-chi, and 劉懷淇. "Gelation of sodium alginate hydrogel by embedding calcium alginate microspheres." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/678t4b.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣科技大學<br>材料科學與工程系<br>99<br>In this thesis, sodium alginate hydrogel was prepared by embedding
calcium alginate microspheres，instead of the conventional way of using
calcium chloride to crosslink sodium alginate hydrogel. In addition to swelling, water retention, basic characterization of biocompatibility tests, mechanical properties by DMA analysis was also employed to test and development of it’s hydrogel.
The results suggest that this new type of Alg-Ca2+ hydrogel was better than the traditional - calcium chloride crosslinked hydrogel,The was demonstrated by the halo test by loading with amoxilin. The application as drug carrier was demonstrated with the loading of hyaluronic acid.
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WU, KUN-YU, and 吳焜裕. "Study of microencapsulation of cells with sodium alginate." Thesis, 1989. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/44101747594919594257.
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Chang, Ying Tien, та 張瑛恬. "Study on immobilization of α-Amylase in Sodium Alginate". Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/62f4tz.
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碩士<br>國立中興大學<br>食品暨應用生物科技學系所<br>102<br>α-Amylase is an endo-glucanase, which cut α-1,4 glycosidic bond of starch. Due to the specificity of enzymes towards substrates, their applications to food or chemical industry have been widely developed.
The enzyme α-Amylase, from Bacillus amyloliquofaciens, was immobilized in sodium alginate (SA) and the optimum immobilization conditions such as SA type, concentration, stabilizers and other factors were investigated. In single-factor experiments, the results showed that low molecular weight sodium alginate performed better than the one with high molecular weight. In an enzyme and sodium alginate ratio of 50%., the optimal conditions for enzyme activity were 0.5 M calcium chloride concentration and curing time of one hour. For enzyme immobilized in the optimal condition described above, after three runs, more than 50% of the enzyme activity was remained.
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Chen, yu-chen, and 陳昱辰. "PVA- sodium alginate immobilized Clostridium cells ABE fermentation research." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/50175712952539607957.
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碩士<br>國立宜蘭大學<br>環境工程學系碩士班<br>101<br>With the growing concerns of the shortage of fossil fuels, the development and application of biomass energy has attracted much attention and has become the focus of future development around the world. Butanol is an excellent organic solvent, an important chemical raw materials and new biofuels. In this study, an immobilization technique is usded to immobilize Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum N1-4 in order to explore the effect of rotating speed on biobutanol production (still, 100 rpm, 200 rpm). The biobutanol production by free cells is used as acontrol. Immobilizing materials are polymers of polyvinyl alcohol and sodium alginate.
The research data show that there were no significant differences on both butanol production rate and butanol yield at different rotating speed in control group. The highest butanol concentration is approximately 3,000 mg/L. Comparing to the control group, the biobutanol production by immobilized cells is less than that by suspended cells, and the time the fermentation initiates is two days delay. The possible explanation that the immobilized cells exposed to air and soaked into boric acid during immobilization process, resulting the formation of endospores. This will reduce the biobutanol production. However, subculturing the immobilized cell can improve the biobutanol production. The result indicates the butanol concentration reachs as high as 3,500 mg/L if subcutlturing is performed. It is also found that the immobilized cells were disintegrated at 200 rpm although the maximum butanol concentration of 2,500 mg/L occurs at this rotating speed. The disintegration is mainly caused by the collapse of the sodium alginate. The experiment used citric acid as a buffer found that butanol production increased and acetone production decreased. This could be that the citric acid serves as a carbon source during fermentation, resulting the increase of butanol yield. However, citric acid concentration of up to 6,000 ppm ceased the cell growth. The value of pH4.5 inhibited the activity of subculturing immobilized cells. The optimum pH for fermentation ranged from 5.0 to 5.5. The pH of 6.0 induced the metabolic pathway towarding to the production of acetic acid and butyric acid. In this study, the highest ABE yield and the production rate for suspended cells were 0.50 g /g and 2.50 g/L/d, respectively;for immobilized cells were 0.42 g/g and 0.32 g/L/d, respectively; for subculturing immobilized were 0.48 g/g, 2.39 g/L/d, respectively.
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洪瑋婷. "Rheological Properties of dilute solution of chitosan and sodium alginate." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/79050352209146475759.
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碩士<br>國立海洋大學<br>食品科學系<br>91<br>Abstract
The objective of this study is to explore the physicochemical and rheological properties of chitosan — sodium alginate dilute solution. The dilute solution is definded as solution’s concenation lower than reciprocal of their characteristic concentration(c*). The characteristic concentration of chitosan and sodium alginate in acetic acid solutions were determined from their intrinsic viscosity([η]) by capillary viscometry. Chitin was extracted from red shrimp process wastes. 90% DD of chitosan were produced by hot alkaline deacetylation from chitin. The effect of ratio of chitosan and sodium alginate, their concentration, temperature, and ionic strength on rheological property of the dilute solutions of chitosan — sodium alginate solution were studied. The experimental results are as follow: The Mw of chitosan used were : 1.2 × 106 Da. The M/G ratio obtained by C13 NMR spectroscopy for the sodium alginate is 1.18, it Mw is 1 × 105 Da. The [η] and reduced viscosity (ηred) of mixture of chitosan and sodium alginate decreased with the chitosan, and sodium alginate the mixture minimum valuesηred was 1 : 1 ratio. [η] of chitosan decreased as pH increase, where sodium alginate as increased with solution pH. [η] of dilute solutions of chitosan — sodium alginate decreased with solution pH increases. ηred of dilute solutions of chitosan — sodium alginate as decrease as concentration increase at pH3.0, pH4.0. However, ηred raise to concentration at pH5.0. At pH4.0, 25 ± 1℃, [η] of chitosan , sodium alginate decrease with the increase in ion strength. ηred of dilute solution of chitosan — sodium alginate decrease as ionic strength increase. Increasing solution temperature rendered the decrease in [η] of the chitosan, sodium alginate, and dilute solution of chitosan — sodium alginate. The flow activation energies of chitosan(497.3 Jžg-1žmole-1), and sodium alginate(966.5 Jžg-1žmole-1) solution calculated by Arrhenius equation elevated. Relative siffnsses of chitosans and sodium alginate are 0.07 — 0.09 and 0.03 — 0.04 respectively.
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YEN, MING-ING, and 顏明英. "Preparation of Sodium Alginate/Pectin-Aloin hydrogel for Wound Dressings." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/75089224407710606452.
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碩士<br>中華科技大學<br>健康科技研究所在職專班<br>105<br>Aloin has long been used for medicines, food products and cosmetic purposes, because it also exhibits wound healing, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti- oxidant, anti-radiation, antimicrobial, anti-cancer and anti-tumor activities. This study attempted to develop sodium alginate/pectin hydrogels containing aloin for potential applications as wound dressing. Calcium chloride was used to crosslink the sodium alginate/pectin hydrogels in order to reinforce their structure. The swelling behavior of the prepared hydrogels was examined with a pH ranging from 4 to 10 which exhibited increased swelling ratio with increaseing pH values. The total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of sodium alginate/pectin-aloin hydrogels were evaluated using the Folin-Ciocalteau method, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity and ferrous ion chelating ability assays. In vitro indirect MTT assay also showed that the sodium alginate/pectin-aloin hydrogels have good cytocompatibility to L929 mouse fibroblasts. The results suggest that sodium alginate/pectin-aloin hydrogels loaded with aloin can be used as wound dressing.
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Huang, Shih-Yu, and 黃詩育. "Preparation and Analyses of Sodium Alginate/Chitosan Microsphere Composite Dressing." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/29443135552345199830.
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碩士<br>中臺科技大學<br>醫學工程暨材料研究所<br>99<br>Polysaccharides like chitosan and sodium alginate which are biocompatible, biodegradable and avirulent have been widely applied to bio-medical materials and bio-technology. In addition, Chitosan is anti-bacterial and capable of accelerating healing while alginate possesses more hydrophile groups and thus owns a good swelling rate, qualifying these two materials for wound dressings.
This research prepared a degradable wound dressing by combining chitosan, alginate and PLA/Tencel/absorbent cotton composite nonwoven fabric. The experiment was composed of manufacturing and evaluation of the nonwoven
fabric, the porous film moisture layer, and the resulted composite dressing, respectively. To a wound dressing, its adsorption of tissue fluid and blood as well as its waste disposal were subject to influences of the physical properties of materials selected for making its nonwoven fabric. Comparing to the previous study PLA/absorbent cotton nonwoven fabric, PLA/Tencel/absorbent cotton nonwoven fabric in this study was superior in air permeability, flexibility, tensile strength, tear strength, moisture absorption and vapor permeability, determining the later the base fabric of the wound dressing.Chitosan was made into micro-particle and then blended with alginate/calcium chloride solution for
forming composite solution. The composite solution was made into the swelling layer of porous membrane by freezing drying. The swelling layer was then tested or observed with swelling rate, weight loss rate, water contact angle, anti-bacterial qualitative measurement, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM) as well as in vitro (cell culture and cytotoxic test), determining the optimum parameter of chitosan microsphere was 1 mg/ml; the optimum cross-linking concentration of calcium chloride in 1 wt%
of alginate solution was 0.07 wt%. Finally, nonwoven base fabric and swelling layer of porous membrane were combined by means of halftone coating,forming the alginate/chitosan micro-particle composite dressing. Animal test was conducted and proved the alginate/chitosan micro-particle composite dressing was capable of accelerating wounds’ healing. Furthermore, its porous
structure neither adsorbs tissue fluid nor incurs a second injury while the dressing was removed
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Wei, Yi-Lin, and 魏依林. "Immobilization of anammox bacteria with polyvinyl alcohol and sodium alginate." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/3rx69b.
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碩士<br>國立交通大學<br>環境工程系所<br>106<br>With the continuous development of the social economy and the continuous improvement of people’s living standards, the situation of nitrogen pollution in water bodies is becoming more and more serious. As a typical representative of the biological nitrogen removal technology in the new age, Anammox process has attracted attention due to its environmental protection and energy saving features, and it plays an important role in the shortcut of nitrogen removal. However, the doubling time of Anammox bacteria is long, which has become a major obstacle to the application of the process. Immobilized cell is a type of technology that use physical or chemical methods hold cells in a specific space, without affecting their ability to absorb nutrients, and at the same time have a protective effect to maintain high activity. In this study, we used both polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and sodium alginate (SA) to form composites materials for embedding Anammox bacteria. In the previous batch experiments, the beads were made of PVA mass concentration of 13% and a SA mass concentration of 2% achieved better removal of nitrogen has been selected, and then the beads prepared from this concentration ratio was used as the experimental group. At the same time, a non-embedded control group was set up, long-term experiments were performed in two identical sequencing batch reactors (SBR), and water quality items were analyzed together with scanning electron microscope (SEM) images. The results show that with the increase of time, the pores inside the carrier can be significantly increased from the initial 10 μm to 50-80 μm, while the microorganisms can maintain a certain activity in the embedded beads. The total nitrogen removal efficiency increased continuously with the increase of the nitrogen loading rate, which eventually reached 81 ± 1%, while the control group reached 92 ± 1%. The experimental group did not show obvious superiority. After the long-term experiment was completed, the microbial activity of the two reactors were tested. During the 18 hours experiment, the nitrogen removal effect of the experimental group was 0.18 g TN-removal/d, and the control group was 0.23 g TN-removal/d, the result was also better in the control group than in the experimental group. The physicochemical parameters such as the mass transfer coefficient and specific surface area of the blank carrier were measured, and compared with related literature. It was speculated that the poor mass transfer characteristics may be the main reason for the poor nitrogen removal effect in the experimental group. In the future, the study on the mechanism of cross-linking between the embedded carrier and the Anammox bacteria, as well as the research on the influence of different embedding conditions on the activity of Anammox bacteria, has important practical significance for the practical application of the embedding technology to the Anammox process.
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Fu, Shao. "Inter-Grade and Inter-Batch Variability of Pharmaceutical-Grade Sodium Alginate." 2011. http://digital.library.duq.edu/u?/etd,154089.
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Polymeric excipients are generally the least well-characterized components of pharmaceutical formulations. The aim of this dissertation work is to facilitate the quality-by-design (QbD) approach to pharmaceutical formulation and manufacturing by evaluating the inter-grade and inter-batch variability of pharmaceutical-grade polymeric excipients. Sodium alginate, a widely used polymeric excipient, was selected for evaluation using appropriate analytical methods and test conditions, especially rheological methods. The materials used were six different grades of sodium alginate and an additional ten batches of one of the grades.
<br>To compare the six grades, steady shear measurements were conducted on solutions at 1, 2, and 3% w/w, consistent with their use as thickening or binding agents. Small amplitude oscillation (SAO) measurements were conducted on sodium alginate solutions at higher concentrations (4-13% w/w) corresponding to their use in controlled release matrices. In order to compare the ten batches of one grade, steady shear and SAO measurements were performed on their solutions at 2% w/w and 8% w/w, respectively. Results show that rheological properties of sodium alginate solutions are influenced by both molecular weight and chemical composition of sodium alginate. ¡§One-point¡¨ apparent viscosity data obtained at one low concentration and one shear rate is not representative of the complex rheological behavior of various grades of sodium alginate solutions at higher concentrations or other shear rates. The potential interchangeability of these different grades used as thickening or binding agents could be established by comparing the apparent viscosities of their solutions as a function of both alginate concentration and shear conditions. For sodium alginate used in controlled release formulations, both steady shear (at one low concentration, e.g., 2% w/w) and SAO measurements (at one high concentration indicative of polymer gel state, e.g., 8% w/w) are recommended to be performed on sodium alginate solutions to ensure interchangeability. Furthermore, among batches of the same grade, significant differences in rheological properties were observed, especially at the high solution concentration (i.e., 8% w/w). In summary, inter-grade and inter-batch variability of sodium alginate can be determined using steady shear and SAO methods.
<br>The influence of inter-grade and inter-batch variability of sodium alginate on the functionality of sodium alginate used in matrix tablets was investigated with a focus on compression properties, swelling, erosion behavior of alginate matrix tablets, and drug release from matrix tablets. The compression behavior of four grades and three batches of sodium alginate were studied by compaction energetics, out-of-die Gurnham, and out-of-die Heckel analysis. It was found that sodium alginates deform less plastically than microcrystalline cellulose (MCC PH102) but similar to lactose anhydrous. Sodium alginates also demonstrate more elastic deformations during compression than both MCC PH102 and lactose anhydrous. Compacts prepared from multiple batches of the same grade varied in porosity. The same tensile strength of compacts can be achieved by compressing the multiple batches to the same porosity.
<br>Sodium alginate tablets undergo both swelling and erosion in water. Grades with substantially higher apparent viscosities at low solution concentration exhibit a higher percentage of water uptake and a low percentage of erosion. Those batches not significantly different in their apparent viscosities at low solution concentration but significantly different in viscoelasticity at high solution concentrations do demonstrate significant differences in their swelling and erosion behavior. Acetaminophen release from sodium alginate matrix tablets prepared from the four grades and three batches can be well described by a zero-order equation. Significant differences in release profile were observed among various grades and batches.
<br>In conclusion, the inter-grade and inter-batch variability of sodium alginate has a significant influence on the swelling, erosion, and drug release behavior of sodium alginate matrix tablets. Apparent viscosities of sodium alginate solution at low concentration alone are not sufficient to predict the functionality of sodium alginate used in matrix tablets. Viscoelastic properties of sodium alginate solutions at high concentrations indicative of polymer gel state are appropriate to be characterized.
<br>Further study was conducted to determine whether sodium alginate solutions¡&brkbar; rheological parameters are relevant to sodium alginate¡&brkbar;s use in the formulation of calcium alginate gels. Among the grades with similar guluronic acid percentage (%G), there is a significant correlation between gel fracture force and apparent viscosity. However, the results for the partial correlation analysis for all six grades of sodium alginate show that gel fracture force is significantly correlated with %G, but not with the rheological properties of the sodium alginate solutions. Studies of the ten batches of one grade of sodium alginate show that apparent viscosities of their solutions do not correlate with gel fracture force while tan <em>f</em>Ô values are significantly, but minimally, correlated to gel fracture force. Inter-batch differences in the rheological behavior for one specific grade of sodium alginate are insufficient to predict the corresponding calcium alginate gel's mechanical properties.
<br>In summary, rheological methods, including steady shear and small amplitude oscillation, are able to identify the inter-grade and inter-batch variability of sodium alginate. Inter-grade and inter-batch variability of sodium alginate could lead to substantial differences in the functionality of sodium alginate in matrix tablets and in calcium alginate gels. Rheological properties of sodium alginate in solution are suggestive of its functionality as thickeners, or as controlled release agent. However, rheological properties of sodium alginate in solution do not seem to be sufficient to predict the mechanical properties of the corresponding calcium alginate gels.<br>Mylan School of Pharmacy and the Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences<br>Pharmaceutics<br>PhD<br>Dissertation
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Lei, Ka Son, and 李嘉順. "Preparation and Characterization of Sodium Hyaluronate/Sodium Alginate/Millettia Dielsiana Extract Microcapsule for Encapsulation of Retinol." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/27244947741051279162.
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碩士<br>靜宜大學<br>化粧品科學系<br>104<br>Sodium alginate (SA) microcapsules were encapsulated retinol by emulsion, cross linking and drying, that Sodium alginate combined hyaluronic acid microcapsules (SAH) were prepared by the same process. In this study, the optimum conditions of SA-A microcapsules were: emulsifiers = Arlacel 2121 and Span 80, stirring speed = 7000 rpm, cross linking speed = 1000 rpm and 10 % acetic acid = 6.0 g.
The characters of microcapsules were analyzed through Optical Microscopy, Field-emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermogravimetry Analysis (TGA) and in vitro release (Transdermal Franz Diffusion Cell). SA-A microcapsules was 72.85 ± 14.01 μm, encapsulation efficiency (EE): 26.63 ± 2.67 %, loading capacity (LC): 0.44 ± 0.11 %, but SAH-A microcapsules obtained better result that was 113.29 ± 32.28 μm, EE: 55.96 ± 0.87 %, LC: 0.80 ± 0.04 %. The release amount of retinol from SA-A and SAH-A respectively which were 27.68 μg and 131.73 μg in 6 hour later. The stability study result indicated that SA-A and SAH had better stability than retinol.
10 different herbs extract as an addition agent through determination of antioxidant activity. Alcohol extract of Mucuna macrocarpa Wall. was showed that, IC50 of Scavenging DPPH free radical : 117.43 ppm; 1000 ppm extract had 596.50 mg of GAE/g; reducing power of 1000 ppm extract was equivalent to 95.11 ± 2.84 ppm BHA. In stability, microcapsules with Millettia dielsiana was provided a protective capability for retinol.
The results of SAH-A microcapsule had great protective capability, while improved release of retinol. Further, this process may possess potential application in cosmetic industry.
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Huang, Wei-Min, and 黃偉珉. "Synthesis and Dyeability of Sodium Alginate and Fatty Acid Series Surfactants." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/55382033003761384048.
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碩士<br>亞東技術學院<br>應用科技研究所<br>100<br>In this study, a series of the low spume Sodium Alginate anionic surfactants were prepared by Sodium Alginate and different molecular weight alkyl Fatty Acids (Myristic acid, Palmitic acid, Stearic acid). We will discuss the Biochemical Oxygen Demand and Chemistry Oxygen Demand of these surfactants, the dyeability for cellulose fibers and decolorization rate. The result shows that the Sodium Alginate derivatives anionic surfactants can promote the rate of Biodegradable, deeper the color of lather, and assisting the dyeing affect. Besides, Decolorization is also better than the α-cellulose or rayon staple fiber.
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HUANG, JYUN-HAO, and 黃浚豪. "Study of properties of sodium alginate/poly(��-glutamic acid) hydrogel films." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/29865948960876016810.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣科技大學<br>高分子系<br>97<br>In this study, we used calcium form γ-polyglutamic acid in different weight ratio to prepare alginate hydrogels, they also compared with the traditional hydrogels cross-linking with calcium chloride and sodium form γ-polyglutamic acid. Water resistance tests, water vapor transmission test, and other biocompatible tests were employed to confirm the applicability of this hydrogel as a wound converings material. Then, effective cross-linking density (νe) of hydrogel was characterized according to the value of compression modulus (G). Afterwards, these hydrogels were releasing behavior would be observed.
All of our data shows the properties of the alginate- calcium form polyglutamic acid hydrgel better than the traditional alginate-calcium chloride hydrogel and alginate- sodium form polyglutamic acid Beside, our hydrogel not also have pH-sensitive but also have a superiority in platelet adherence ability and acceleration coagulation time. Overall results demonstrated the alginate-polyglutamic acid hydrgel have a potential for wound dressing and drug delivery regions.
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Oliveira, Marcelino Agrela. "Flowable liquid retention potential of Neusilin US2 and Sodium Alginate mixtures." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/52141.
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Trabalho Final de Mestrado Integrado, Ciências Farmacêuticas, 2020, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia.<br>A baixa biodisponibilidade dos fármacos é caracterizada por inúmeros problemas, nomeadamente devido ao tempo insuficiente de absorção no trato GI, tempo no local de absorção insuficiente, idade, sexo, atividade física, fenótipo genético, stress e doenças, sendo estas umas das razões pela qual a terapêutica com libertação específica no cólon, tem ganho cada vez mais importância na administração de fármacos para o tratamento de doenças locais associadas ao cólon, como doença de Crohn, colite ulcerativa, cancro colorretal e amebíase.
Para além deste problema de baixa biodisponibilidade devido aos fatores fisiológicos, as propriedades das substâncias ativas pouco solúveis representam na mesma medida uma barreira evidente para o máximo alcance do potencial do fármaco. Foi com fundamento nestes fatores que esta dissertação foi concebida, tendo o seu foco dirigido para o estudo nas formulações de sistemas inovadores conhecidos como Liquidsolid Systems (LSS) e que, segundo diversos estudos, permitem melhorar a biodisponibilidade das substâncias ativas pouco solúveis, e nesta linha ultrapassando as barreiras acima referidas.
Este sistema tem por base na sua formulação a adsorção de um fármaco líquido, ou um fármaco no seu estado líquido, num transportador com uma capacidade de absorção elevada. Tendo em conta este passo da sua formulação, despontou a necessidade de avaliar o potencial de retenção de líquidos passíveis de escoamento de variadas misturas de transportadores, destinadas à formulação de sistemas sólido-líquidos com a libertação localizada de uma determinada substância ativa. O Alginato de Sódio é um polissacarídeo que tem sido alvo de investigação, com o intuito de ser utilizado na libertação localizada de fármacos especificamente no cólon, com vista a uma melhor absorção sistémica dos fármacos.
A preparação de pós sólido-líquidos fora realizada através da utilização de Neusilina ® US2 e Alginato de Sódio como transportadores, em diferentes proporções (100:0, 75:25, e 50:50) e com quantidades crescentes de polietilenoglicol 200 como solvente não volátil. De modo a estabelecer um potencial de retenção de líquidos escoáveis, realizaram-se avaliações convencionais provenientes da Farmacopeia, tais como o ângulo de deslizamento, que foram executados. Através da avaliação das misturas de sólidolíquido, é possível observar que 1g de Neusilina ® US2 consegue reter 1.06g de PEG 200, de acordo com o método convencional de determinação do ângulo de deslizamento, enquanto apresenta caraterísticas de fluxo aceitáveis. No entanto, a adição de Alginato de Sódio reduziu o potencial de retenção de líquidos escoáveis das misturas sólido-líquidos. Os resultados confirmam o elevado potencial de retenção de líquidos escoáveis da Neusilina ® US2, fazendo deste um transportador adequado na formulação de sistemas sólido-líquidos. Todavia, os valores referentes ao potencial de retenção de líquidos escoáveis das misturas de Neusilina ® US2 e Alginato de Sódio não permitiram concluir nenhuma relação com a quantidade de Alginato de Sódio presente na mistura.<br>The low bioavailability of drugs is known for its numerous problems, mainly because of insufficient absorption time in the gastrointestinal tract, insufficient localized absorption time, age, sex, physical activity, genetic phenomenon, stress and diseases, being this one of the reasons of the colon-specific drug delivery has gained increased importance in the delivery of drugs for the treatment of local diseases associated with the colon, such as Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, colorectal cancer and amoebiasis.
In an equal proportion of this low bioavailability problem caused by multiple physiological factors, the properties of the active substance low solubility also represent an evident barrier in order to achieve the drugs maximum potential range. It was with foundation in these factors that this thesis was conceived, having its main focus on the study of the formulation of innovating systems known as Liquidsolid Systems (LSS), which according to several studies, they allow an improvement on bioavailability of active substances with low solubility, and in this conformity getting through the barriers previously mentioned.
This system has as base of its formulation the adsorption of a liquid drug, or a drug in its liquid state, in a carrier with a high absorption capacity. Considering this step of its formulation, the necessity to evaluate its flowable liquid retention potential of various mixtures of carriers, which were meant for the formulation of liquidsolid systems and with the release of a certain active substance. Sodium Alginate is a polysaccharide that has been the object of investigation, with the purpose of being used in the localized release of drugs specifically in the colon, with the intent of achieving a better systemic drug absorption
The preparation of liquidsolid powders was performed by using Neusilin ® US2 and Sodium Alginate as carriers and in different proportions (100:0, 75:25, e 50:50) and with increasing quantities of polietilenoglicol 200 as a non-volatile solvent. In order to establish a retention potential of flowable liquids, there were performed conventional evaluations from Farmacopeia, such as the Angle of Slide, while it represents acceptable flow characteristics. However, the addition of Sodium Alginate reduced the retention potential of the flowable liquids of the liquidsolid mixtures. The results confirmed the high potential of Neusilin ® US2 flowable liquids, making this an adequate carrier for the formulation of liquidsolid systems.
Nevertheless, the values referring to the flowable liquid retention potential of the Neusilin ® US2 and Sodium Alginate mixtures did not allow to conclude any connection with the amount of sodium alginate present in the mixture.<br>Com o patrocínio da Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University
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YEH, SAN-HUA, and 葉珊華. "Preparation and drug release study of sodium alginate/ konjac hydrogel beads." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/xus2df.
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碩士<br>中華科技大學<br>健康科技研究所<br>107<br>Ferulic acid, a type of phenolic acid, has been shown to possess variors pharmacological effects such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antithrombotic and anticancer effects. In this study, the homogeneous solution of sodium alginate and konjac was dropped into calcium chloride solution and crosslinked by Ca2+ ions to form pH-sensitive hydrogel beads. The swelling behaviors of the sodium alginate/konjac hydrogel beads as a function of pH values were investigated. The sustained release profiles of ferulic acid loaded hydrogel beads were studied in simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) and simulated colonic fluid (SCF). Total phenolic content was estimated by Folin-Ciocalteau method. Antioxidant activity was determined by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity and ferrous ion chelating ability assays. The cytocompatibility of the sodium alginate/konjac/ferulic acid hydrogel beads was evaluated in vitro based on the proliferation of L929 mouse fibroblast. In summary, the sodium alginate/konjac hydrogel beads have the potential of being applied to oral delivery of site-specific drugs.
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SHEN, HAN-YU, and 沈涵榆. "Making Sodium Alginate Dressing Embedded by Bacteriophage using Three-dimensional Printing." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/zz4tdc.
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碩士<br>國立臺北科技大學<br>化學工程與生物科技系化學工程碩士班<br>107<br>With widespread abuse of antibiotics, bacterial resistance has increasingly become a serious threat. Phage is an alternative solution that can be used as a natural bacteriostatic agent. In this study, a phage solution resistant to Escherichia coli (DH5α) was isolated from seawater. The phage solution was uniformly mixed with alginate solution, and a fibrous alginate hydrogel scaffold with phage was prepared by three-dimensional printing. The phage activity assays, preservation efficiency, the bacteriostatic assays, tensile test, degradation test and cytotoxicity test were measured.
A phage solution resistant to E. coli (DH5α) was successfully isolated. The phage morphometric was observed by a transmission electron microscope (TEM), it was confirmed that the phage was a single morphometric after purification. The phage activity assays showed that the phage was successfully fixed on the scaffold and maintained good activity, and the preservation efficiency was about 87.66%. The bacteriostatic assays showed a very effective bacterial reduction, after immediate and 2 hours of contact (p<0.05). Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) were used to observe the bacteriostatic situation. In the incubation period of phage (20 minutes of infection time), showed didn’t bacterial reduction, but the phage was adsorbed on E. coli. During the phage lysis phase (120 minutes of infection time), showed a very effective bacterial reduction, and the E. coli membrane was broken. Cell DNA quantification showed that cells on the fibrous alginate hydrogel scaffold with phage increased over time, indicating that the phage-containing scaffold was not cytotoxic. The mechanical strength test confirmed that the phage was embedded in the sodium alginate scaffold without affecting the mechanical strength (P>0.05) and the degradation rate (P>0.05). In the future, it is expected that bacteria can be resistant to antibiotics when treating wound infections, and a solution is proposed.
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Moharana, Aasis. "Polyelectrolyte Complex Composed of Chitosan and Sodium Alginate for Wound Healing." Thesis, 2015. http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/6849/1/POLYELECTROLYTE_Moharana_2015.pdf.
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Wound healing occurs naturally by the body mechanism action. The blood initially clots and the healing procedure starts. A kind of gel is developed which would speed up the process. The gel is made up of chitosan and sodium alginate. This biocompatible gel would provide wet environment and a forms a coating on the wounded area due to which it will refrain from bacterial action and protects the wound from infection. Here we analysed different concentration of sodium alginate and chitosan followed by its characterisation techniques using scanning electron microscope and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, viscosity and tensile measurement of the gel. Which shows the comparable results than other Haemostatic gel reported so far. Finally a dynamic syringe is developed which is used to produce a homogeneous mixture of chitosan and alginate solution which would successfully help in wound healing process. The basic aim of this study is to optimize the time of formation of the gel.
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Moens, Merijn. "Ochrobactrum tritici immobilized in Oryza sativa, sodium polyacrylate and alginate as a novel arsenic bioremediation tool." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/82982.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em Ecologia apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia<br>Arsenic pollution is a worldwide problem and although several remediation strategies are present, their costs are high and their effect low. The use of bioremediation as a strategy for cleaning polluted sites has been revealed as a promising approach such. One of these strategies is bioaugmentation, i.e. the addition of exogenous bacteria in a polluted site to remove contaminants. In a previous study a strain of the Ochrobactrum tritici bacteria was genetically modified by silencing the arsenite efflux pumps of the cell membrane. In this study the arsenic accumulator was immobilized in several supports: an alginate gel, a polyacrylate gel, rice plants, an acrylamide gel, a 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate gel and a 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate gel. Their performance as a support for arsenic accumulation was tested. Of the gels, the alginate gel and the polyacrylate gel showed the most promising results in terms of water permeability and bacterial survival inside of the gel. The results of the alginate gel indicate an uptake of 29% of the environmental arsenite of 10mM and 2mM and a 19% uptake at arsenite concentrations of 200µM. The inoculated polyacrylate gel took up 6% of the arsenite in a 200 µM arsenite solution. Rice plants without bacteria managed to take up 44% of the arsenic present in a concentration of 20 µM, while rice plants with the mutated bacteria did not significantly take up any arsenite whatsoever. The presence of the bacteria did not increase the arsenic uptake of the plant, but conferred more resistance to arsenic in terms of plant growth. The use of inoculated alginate gels and rice plants for the uptake of arsenite from the environment, suggests experimentation in-situ. The arsenite resistance in rice plants due to the O.tritici double mutant in rice plants opens up new research possibilities for the effect of bacteria on the metal metabolism of plants.<br>A poluição do arsênico é um problema mundial e, embora existam várias estratégias de remediação, não são econômicas e eficientes. O uso da biorremediação como estratégia para a rémoção de poluídos locais foi revelado como uma abordagem promissora. Uma dessas estratégias é a bioaugmentação, ou seja, a adição de bactérias exógenas em uma área poluída para remover contaminantes. Em um estudo anterior, uma cepa da bactéria Ochrobactrum tritici foi geneticamente modificada ao silenciar as bombas de efluxo do arsenito da membrana celular. Neste estudo, o acumulador de arsênico foi imobilizado em vários suportes: um gel de alginato, um gel de poliacrilato, plantas de arroz, um gel de acrilamida, um gel de metacrilato de 2-hidroxietilo e um gel de acrilato de 2-hidroxietilo. O seu desempenho como suporte à acumulação de arsênio foi testado. Dos géis, o gel de alginato e o gel de poliacrilato mostraram os resultados mais promissores em termos de permeabilidade à água e sobrevivência bacteriana dentro do gel. Os resultados do gel de alginato indicam uma absorção de 29% do arsenito ambiental de 10mM e 2mM e uma absorção de 19% em concentrações de arsenito de 200 μM. O gel de poliacrilato inoculado absorveu 6% do arsenito em uma solução de arsenito de 200 μM. As plantas de arroz sem bactérias conseguiram absorver 44% do arsênio presente em uma concentração de 20 μM, enquanto as plantas de arroz com a bactéria mutada não absorveram significativamente qualquer arsenito. A presença das bactérias não aumentou a absorção de arsênico da planta, mas conferiu maior resistência ao arsênio em termos de crescimento da planta. O uso de géis de alginato inoculados e plantas de arroz para a absorção de arsenito do meio ambiente, sugere experimentação in situ. A resistência do arsenito em plantas de arroz devido ao duplo mutante de O.tritici em plantas de arroz abre novas possibilidades de pesquisa para o efeito das bactérias no metabolismo do metal das plantas.
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Hsiau, Hsiu Man, and 蕭秀滿. "Evaluation of Rutin-Loading Sodium Alginate/ Carrageenan Hydrogels for Wound Dressing Applications." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/96630160227854135892.
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碩士<br>中華科技大學<br>健康科技研究所<br>103<br>Rutin is a polyphenolic compound with pharmacological activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antibacterial, antiviral antiallergic, and cytoprotective effects. In this work, sodium alginate (ALG) and carrageenan (CAR) were blended and gelled using Ca2+ to produce pH-sensitive hydrogels with various content of rutin. Their equilibrium swelling degree of the sodium alginate/carrageenan (ALG/CAR) hydrogels was evaluated at pH values ranging from 4 to 10. The results of the release experiments of rutin indicated that the release rate of rutin was higher at pH 7.4 than at pH 5.5, and decreased with the increase of the sodium alginate content in the hydrogels. The antioxidant properties of the rutin-loaded ALG/CAR hydrogels were evaluated by methods including DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging, ferrous iron chelating and total phenolic content. The results revealed that the rutin-loaded ALG/CAR hydrogels exhibited a high antiradical capacity. The MTT method indicated that the rutin-loaded ALG/CAR hydrogels exhibited good biocompatibility to L929 mouse fibroblasts. Overall results suggested that the rutin-loaded ALG/CAR hydrogels would be successfully applicable in wound dressing field.
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Chen, Jian-Hong, and 陳建宏. "Development of tapioca starch/sodium alginate oral strip with lemongrass essential oil." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/01334755316034364575.
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碩士<br>國立中興大學<br>食品暨應用生物科技學系所<br>99<br>Oral strip is an extended application from edible film and can be added with various kinds of active pharmaceutical ingredients depending on the consumer''s need. The aim of this study was to develop a tapioca starch/sodium alginate based oral strip protocol with lemongrass essential oil (LEO). The thickness, gloss, mechanical property, solubility, microstructure and the deodorizing activity of the oral strip protocol would be evaluated as well. Composition analysis of LEO revealed that the major component in LEO was beta - citral. Physical properties of film-forming solutions with different starch/alginate ratios to make a total solid content of 3%, and added with 0.6% glycerol and 0.25% lemongrass essential oil (LEO), were then evaluated. It was found that the final viscosity of film forming solution increased with increasing the ratio of sodium alginate, and samples with a starch/sodium alginate ratio of 2.2/0.8 showed the highest final viscosity (up to 581 mPa‧s). The gloss appearance, moisture content and water solubility of the resulting oral strip was about 100, 13% and 67%, respectively. Mechanical characteristics, including puncture and tensile strength, were about 9 and 40 N, respectively. As starch/alginate ratio was maintained at 2.2/0.8 but adding different concentrations of LEO, the mechanical strength of oral strip decreased with increasing LEO concentrations, implying the plasticizer-like effect of LEO. Antibacterial test results revealed that the inhibition diameter of oral pathogen (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella nigrescens and Fusobacterium nucleatum) increased with increasing LEO concentration, particularly 1% LEO showed the most pronounced inhibition on Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia. Furthermore, oral strip incorporated with 1% LEO showed significant inhibition on Prevotella intermedia. However, model deodorizing test results revealed that oral strip with various concentrations of LEO did not show significant effect on scavenging diallyl sulfide and diallyl disulfide. Hedonic sensory evaluation of oral strips incorporated with different concentrations of LEO was further performed by 35 panelists. The acceptable LEO level in starch/alginate based oral strip was found to be 0 - 0.5%. These results implied that starch/alginate based oral strip with LEO had application potential as a deodorizing product, and deserved for further research works.
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Duh, Bo-Husing, and 杜伯雄. "Study on Sodium Alginate/Montmorillonite complexes in agriculture application-drug delivery system." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/75535739010194612528.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>材料科學與工程學研究所<br>87<br>Some pesticides sometimes will lead to bad harvest , poor quality and even cause dangers to human and animals. To avoid this and reach protecting plant from worms , we try to utilize crystalline feature of montmorillonite and resistance of sodium alginate to produce a new type of presticides. In order to increas the amount of sodium alginate on the interlayer and surface on montmorillonite.. The experimient is disigned and processed to find the best condition of synthesizing complexes..
Firstly, we mix hexadecyltrimethylammonium(HDTMA) into montmorillonite to progress its characteristics. When the concentration of HDTMA is less than the charge exchange capacity(CEC) of montmorillonite,it was intercalated into layered aluminosilicate by ion exchange reaction. The basal spacing of the clay increased. As HDTMA in 1.5 times of the layer charge density, the basal spacing is largest. The HDTMA intercalation was confirmed by studying the 001 reflection of montmorillonite. The indentity period increased from 12.3A for sodium montmorillonite to 21.78A after intercalation of the HDTMA with 1.5 times of CEC. The dimensions of the HDTMA cation were computered, the HDTMA is intercalated with its three layers parallel to the layers of the host. Indeed, the difference (12.18A) between the identity period of collapsed sodium montmorillonite (9.6A) and the identity period along its symmetry plane ,i.e.4.0A. Alginic acid that the amount of intercalated and adsorbed by modified-clay is more than pure sodium montmorillonite. The results will be confirmed by the data of XRD, Rietveld method, FT-IR, UV/Vis, DTA, and TGA. The diffusion coefficient of alginic acid in the interlayer of the clay will be measured by cyclic voltammetry.
The viscosity of the solution is increasing at varying concentration of Alginic acid. The delivery of the durgs is influenced by the viscosity of the solution and the layer stuucture of montmorillonite.
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Wu, Pei-Shan, and 吳佩珊. "The Preparation and Drug-release Study of Nicotine/Sodium Alginate Composite Microcapsules." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/12513781435130111959.
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碩士<br>嘉南藥理科技大學<br>藥物科技研究所<br>95<br>Alginate is a natural polysaccharide found in brown algae. Alginate is widely used in the pharmaceutical and food, and has been employed as a matrix for the entrapment of drug. Nicotine has some unpleasant side effects, including bad taste and short half-life for some individuals. It can be used in smoking-cessation therapy and acted as a model drug in the study. The purpose of this study was to develop calcium alginate microcapsules with improved properties for controlled delivery and to enhance storage stability of the nicotine. The nicotine microcapsules were manufactured into different sizes of microcapsules by a novel method with combining the mechanical and the chemical method. The effect of sodium alginate, gelatin, PEG 6000 and glycerin added to varying amounts by different ratio, on the morphology, size and encapsulation efficiency of the microcapsules was investigated. The concentration of nicotine was determined by RP-HPLC. The release of nicotine microcapsules was in pH 1.2 HCl-KCl buffer and in pH 7.4 phosphate buffer solution.The physicochemical properties of nicotine microcapsules were determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR). The emulsification technique yielded particle sizes ranging from 2134.2μm～1854.0μm (formulation B) and 764.4μm～553.3μm (formulation S) of nicotine-sodium alginate microcapsules. The mean encapsulation efficiency of nicotine microcapsules ranged from 101.8％～92.0％（formulation B）and 77.7％～53.4％（formulation S） respectively. Nicotine microcapsules resulted in wrinkled and cavernous on the surface and formed a reticulated structure on the inside. The DSC and FTIR measurements indicated that the chemical interaction did not occur among the components during manufacturing processes and lyophilized microcapsules. The release profiles were fitted very well by the Higuchi release model. Using a novel and easy method for the nicotine microcapsules manufacture of controlled size and changed the matrix performance allowed the controlled release of nicotine.
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Lu, Sheng-Ru, and 呂昇儒. "Production of Chitinase by Immobilized Aeromonas caviae NCHU1 Coagulated with Sodium Alginate." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/87664292937789600799.
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碩士<br>中臺科技大學<br>食品科技研究所<br>99<br>Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the production of chitinase by the immobilized cells of Aeromonas caviae NCHU1 coagulated with sodium alginate. The optimization of the cells immobilized with the sodium alginate-calcium system was studied by evaluation of the free cells’ number leaks to broth culture. The cells’ immobilized conditions were investigated including the concentration of sodium alginate(4.0~6.0 %), calcium lactate(2.0~3.0 %) and the soaking time (20~40 minutes) of the coagulated beads in the calcium lactate solution. The broth cultures(chitin contained) of coagulated beads of the A. caviae NCHU1 for the production of chitinase were evaluated by analysis of enzyme activity and were compared with that of non-immobilized cells. The results showed that the optimized condition for the immobilization were performed with sodium alginate 2.5 % , calcium lactate 3.0 % and the soaking time 30 minutes for the coagulated beads in the calcium lactate solution. The chitinase activities of the immobilized A. caviae NCHU1 was 0.531 U/ml at cultured time 24 hr higher than that of non-immobilized cells 0.462 U/ml. The results showed the potential of the chitinase production by the chitin-broth culture of immobilized A. caviae NCHU1 cells coagulated with sodium alginate-Calcium system. Further studies for the broth culture with continue process for commercial application are necessary and the above results might be applied for the advanced investigation.