Relevant bibliographies by topics / Sodium borohydride reduction

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters
  4. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Sodium borohydride reduction'

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Published: 5 June 2025
Last updated: 24 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Sodium borohydride reduction"

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Cai, Ke Ying, and Ying Mei Zhou. "Reduction of Aromatic Nitro Compounds to Azoxy Compounds with Sodium Borohydride." Advanced Materials Research 1033-1034 (October 2014): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1033-1034.18.

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The reduction of aromatic nitro compounds to corresponding azoxy compounds with sodium borohydride was catalyzed by BiO(OH)/actived carbon (AC), which was prepared by equivalent-volume impregnation. The influences of catalyst, sodium borohydride and sodium hydroxide amount were investigated with 10 mmol of nitrobenzene as substrate in methanol at room temperature. The suitable reaction conditions are as follows: 0.2 g of catalyst, 10 mmol of sodium borohydride and 0.1 g of sodium hydroxide. Under the conditions, the seven aromatic nitro compounds were reduced to corresponding azoxy compounds with 27%-90% yields. Moreover, slight deactivation was observed after nine cycles of the catalyst.
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Basirun, Wan Jefrey, Syed Tawab Shah, Md Shalauddin, Shamima Akhter, Nazzatush Shimar Jamaludin, and Adeeb Hayyan. "A Review of Electrochemical Reduction of Sodium Metaborate." Energies 16, no. 1 (2022): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16010015.

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The recycling of sodium borohydride poses a huge challenge to the drive towards a hydrogen economy. Currently, mechano-chemical, thermo-chemical and electrochemical are the only reported methods of recycling sodium metaborate into sodium borohydride. Much attention has been devoted to the mechano-chemical and thermo-chemical methods of reduction, but little focus has been devoted to electrochemical methods. This review describes the electrochemical behaviour of borohydride (BH4−) and metaborate (BO2−) anions in alkaline solutions. The BH4− is stabilized in highly concentrated alkaline solutions, while the electro-oxidation of BH4− is dependent on the type of electrode material. The attempts to electro-reduce the BO2− into BH4− is reviewed and the challenges, suggestions and future outlook of electro-reduction for the recycling of BO2− into BH4− is highlighted.
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NOSE, ATSUKO, and TADAHIRO KUDO. "Reactions of sodium borohydride. IV. Reduction of aromatic sulfonyl chlorides with sodium borohydride." CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN 35, no. 5 (1987): 1770–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/cpb.35.1770.

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Yamaguchi, Jun-Ichi, Emiko Shibuta, and Yoshie Oishi. "Simple Reduction of Hydantoins with Sodium Borohydride." International Journal of Organic Chemistry 04, no. 05 (2014): 286–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ijoc.2014.45031.

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Rao, H. Surya Prakash. "Reduction of Aroyl Azides with Sodium Borohydride." Synthetic Communications 20, no. 1 (1990): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00397919008054614.

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Lu, Jianming, D. B. Dreisinger, and W. C. Cooper. "Cobalt precipitation by reduction with sodium borohydride." Hydrometallurgy 45, no. 3 (1997): 305–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-386x(96)00086-2.

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Chieffi, André, Paulo H. Menezes, and João V. Comasseto. "Reduction of Organotellurium Trichlorides with Sodium Borohydride." Organometallics 16, no. 4 (1997): 809–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/om960409q.

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de Resende, V. G., G. M. da Costa, E. De Grave, and L. Datas. "Chemical reduction of hematite by sodium borohydride." Hyperfine Interactions 165, no. 1-4 (2005): 113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10751-006-9254-0.

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R. Nawghare, Beena, Rekha R. Joshi та Pradeep D. Lokhande. "Chemoselective metal free deallylation of α-allyl-phenyl-carboxylic esters under reduction condition". Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia 39, № 1 (2024): 131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v39i1.11.

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A simple and efficient method for chemoselective deallylation of –COO-allyl group in presence of C-allyl group has been developed. C-allyl cleavage of α-methylene compounds was successfully completed by refluxing with excess sodium borohydride in methanol. The reagent's stability, ready availability and ease of handling encourage its usage for deallylation. KEY WORDS: C-allyl cleavage, Sodium borohydride, Chemoselectivity, Reduction Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2025, 39(1), 131-139. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v39i1.11
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Zaitsev, B. А., L. G. Kleptsova, and I. D. Shvabskaya. "Synthesis of Disecondary Aromatic Diols." Журнал общей химии 94, no. 2 (2024): 174–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0044460x24020022.

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The synthesis of disecondary aromatic diols (the main precursors for divinyl aromatic monomers) was carried out. The optimal conditions for the preparation of these diols by selective catalytic hydrogenation of aromatic diketones in the presence of Raney nickel and by reduction of these diketones by sodium borohydride were established. It was demonstrated that sodium borohydride reduction afforded the pure diols under mild and relatively safe conditions (in the systems of CHCl3–PEG400–H2O, at room temperature and atmospheric pressure).
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sodium borohydride reduction"

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Rocha, Daniele Fernanda de Oliveira 1982. "Estudo da redução de iminas." [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/249529.

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Orientador: Antonio Claudio Herrera Braga<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T16:47:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rocha_DanieleFernandadeOliveira_M.pdf: 3918609 bytes, checksum: ca79955ba1bba5d8eb4ed332338d0115 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008<br>Resumo: Neste trabalho foi estudado o comportamento de uma série de iminas estruturalmente análogas quando submetidas à biocatálise com fermento de pão e cenoura. Também foi testado NaBH4 em conjunto com alguns aminoálcoois de diferentes tamanhos, como 1-amino-2-propanol, prolinol e 2-a-hidroxibenzil-benzimidazol ou ácido tartárico. A utilização da biocatálise já é consolidada para a redução assimétrica de carbonilas, mas para a ligação C=N há poucos relatos na literatura, devido à facilidade com que esta ligação sofre hidrólise em meios aquosos. Os resultados foram negativos para biocatálise, apresentando hidrólise do substrato em diversas condições e solventes testados, mesmo com a utilização de 18-C-6 como aditivo e com a imobilização do substrato ou do fermento. As causas destes resultados podem ser tanto a falta de afinidade das enzimas com os substratos testados quanto a instabilidade dos mesmos nos meios utilizados. Foi aplicada uma metodologia bastante simples, com mistura manual de ambos em um almofariz. Testadas várias condições e diferentes solventes, nenhuma delas proporcionou um bom excesso enantiomérico. Uma provável causa para estes resultados pode ser a não eficiência da complexação entre o NaBH4 e os reagentes quirais. Testes de EM e RMN de B e H mostram a formação de um boroidreto quiral, mas não em quantidade suficiente para gerar maior assimetria na redução. Uma grande contribuição deste trabalho é a caracterização de um boroidreto quiral formado a partir de NaBH4 e S-(+)-2- a-hidroxibenzil-benzimidazol já reportado na literatura, mas sem um conjunto de dados conciso acerca de sua estrutura. Este composto gerou o maior excesso enantiomérico 27%, para a redução de N-benzil-(1-feniletilideno)amina<br>Abstract: This project studies the behavior of a series of imines structurally analogues in bioreductions with baker yeast and carrots, and also with NaBH4 using alternative chiral reagents like 1-amine-2-propanol, prolinol and 2-a- hidroxybenzyl-benzimidazole or tartaric acid. For biocatalysis we investigated different temperatures, solvents and proportions of reagents, but all conditions resulted in hydrolysis of the substrate. The instability of the imines or the lack of affinity can be the cause for these results, even using 18-C-6 as additive and immobilized yeast or substrate. By the chemical imine reduction we tried a simple method of induction, mixing manually NaBH4 and the chiral reagent in a mortar, using different solvents and temperatures, but none of them gave a good enantiomeric excess. Probably there was no coupling between NaBH4 and the chiral reagents, and consequently no preference in for one face in the reduction transition state. MS and NMR analysis have shown the formation of a chiral borohydride, but not an enough amount to give asymmetry in the reduction. A great contribution of this project is the characterization of a chiral borohydride obtained from NaBH4 and S-(+)-2-a-hydroxybenzyl-benzimidazole. It was previously reported, but with no confirmation of its structure. This compound reduced Nbenzyl-(1-phenyletilidene)amine with 27% enantiomeric excess<br>Mestrado<br>Quimica Organica<br>Mestre em Química
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Kwon, Beatsam. "Catalytic reduction of organic pollutants using supported metal nanoparticles." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/23190/.

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Metal nanoparticle catalysts have in the last decades been extensively researched for their enhanced performance compared to their bulk counterpart. Properties of nanoparticles can be controlled by modifying their size and shape as well as adding a support and stabilizing agent. In this study, preformed colloidal gold nanoparticles supported on activated carbon were tested on the reduction of 4-nitrophenol by NaBH4, a model reaction for evaluating catalytic activity of metal nanoparticles and one with high significance in the remediation of industrial wastewaters. Methods of wastewater remediation are reviewed, with case studies from literature on two major reactions, ozonation and reduction, displaying the synergistic effects observed with bimetallic and trimetallic catalysts, as well as the effects of differences in metal and support. Several methods of preparation of nanoparticles are discussed, in particular, the sol immobilization technique, which was used to prepare the supported nanoparticles in this study. Different characterization techniques used in this study to evaluate the materials and spectroscopic techniques to analyze catalytic activities of the catalyst are reviewed: ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging. Optimization of catalytic parameters was carried out through modifications in the reaction setup. The effects of the molar ratio of reactants, stirring, type and amount of stabilizing agent are explored. Another important factor of an effective catalyst is its reusability and long-term stability, which was examined with suggestions for further studies. Lastly, a biochar support was newly tested for its potential as a replacement for activated carbon.
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Nandenha, Júlio. "Estudo da oxidação eletroquímica do ácido fórmico utilizando eletrocatalisadores Pd/C-Sb2O5.SnO2, PdAu/C-Sb2O5.SnO2, PdIr/C-Sb2O5.SnO2 e PdAulr/C-Sb2O5.SnO2 preparados via redução por borohidreto de sódio." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85134/tde-29072016-133123/.

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Os eletrocatalisadores Pd/C, Pd/C-15%ATO, PdAu/C-15%ATO (90:10, 70:30 e 50:50), PdIr/C-15%ATO (90:10, 70:30 e 50:50) e PdAuIr/C-15%ATO (90:5:5, 70:20:10 e 50:45:5) foram preparados pelo método de redução por borohidreto de sódio. Esses eletrocatalisadores foram caracterizados por espectroscopia de energia dispersiva de raios X (EDX), difração de raios X (DRX) e microscopia eletrônica de transmissão (MET), enquanto que as atividades eletrocatalíticas para a oxidação eletroquímica do ácido fórmico em meios ácido e alcalino foram investigadas por voltametria cíclica, cronoamperometria e experimentos em células a combustível de ácido fórmico direto (DFAFC) em meios ácido e alcalino a 100 ºC e 60 ºC, respectivamente. Os difratogramas de raios X dos eletrocatalisadores PdAu/C-15%ATO, PdIr/C-15%ATO e PdAuIr/C-15%ATO mostraram a presença de fase de estrutura cúbica de Pd (cfc), ligas de Pd-Au, Pd-Ir e Pd-Au-Ir, fases de carbono e SnO2. As micrografias eletrônicas de transmissão indicaram que as nanopartículas foram bem distribuídas sobre o suporte C-ATO e apresentaram alguns aglomerados. Os estudos eletroquímicos para oxidação de ácido fórmico foram realizados utilizando a técnica de camada fina porosa. Todos os eletrocatalisadores preparados foram testados em células a combustível unitárias alimentadas diretamente por ácido fórmico. Nos estudos comparativos entre os melhores eletrocatalisadores, o eletrocatalisador PdAuIr/C-15%ATO (50:45:5) em meios ácido e alcalino apresentou uma atividade eletrocatalítica superior para a oxidação eletroquímica do ácido fórmico em temperatura ambiente em comparação com o eletrocatalisador Pd/C-15%ATO e os outros eletrocatalisadores binários e ternários preparados. Os experimentos em uma DFAFC unitária ácida e alcalina, também, indicaram que o eletrocatalisador PdAuIr/C-15%ATO (90:5:5) apresentou melhor desempenho para oxidação eletroquímica do ácido fórmico a 100 ºC (meio ácido) e a 60 ºC (meio alcalino), respectivamente, em comparação com os demais eletrocatalisadores sintetizados. Esses resultados indicaram que a adição de Au e Ir ao Pd favorece a oxidação eletroquímica do ácido fórmico, esse efeito pode ser atribuído ao mecanismo bifuncional (a presença de ATO (Sb2O5·SnO2), óxidos de Au e Ir) associados ao efeito eletrônico (ligas de Pd-Au-Ir (cfc)).<br>Pd/C, Pd/C-15%ATO, PdAu/C-15%ATO (90:10, 70:30 e 50:50), PdIr/C-15%ATO (90:10, 70:30 e 50:50) and PdAuIr/C-15%ATO (90:5:5, 70:20:10 e 50:45:5) electrocatalysts were prepared by sodium borohydride reduction method. These electrocatalysts were characterized by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and the electrocatalytic activity toward formic acid electrochemical oxidation in acid and alkaline media was investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), chroamperometry (CA) and experiments on direct formic acid fuel cell (DFAFC) at 100 ºC and 60 ºC, respectively. X-ray diffractograms of PdAu/C-15%ATO, PdIr/C-15%ATO and PdAuIr/C-15%ATO electrocatalysts showed the presence of Pd (fcc) phase, Pd-Au, Pd-Ir and Pd-Au-Ir alloys, carbon and SnO2 phases. TEM micrographs indicated that the nanoparticles were well distributed on the C-ATO support and showed some agglomerates. The electrochemical studies for the formic acid oxidation were performed using a thin porous coating technique. All the electrocatalysts prepared were tested in single fuel cells directly fed with acid formic. The PdAuIr/C-15%ATO (50:45:5) electrocatalyst in acid and alkaline media showed the higher electrocatalytic activity for acid formic electro-oxidation at room temperature compared to the Pd/C-15%ATO and others binary and ternary electrocatalysts prepared. The experiments in an acid and alkaline single DFAFC also showed that PdAuIr/C-15%ATO (90:5:5) electrocatalyst exhibited higher performance for formic acid oxidation at 100 ºC and 60 ºC, respectively, in comparison with the others electrocatalysts synthesized. These results indicated that the addition of Au and Ir to Pd promote the formic acid electrochemical oxidation, which could be attributed to the bifunctional mechanism (the presence of ATO (Sb2O5·SnO2), Au and Ir oxides species) associated to the electronic effect (Pd-Au-Ir alloys (fcc)).
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BORCHI, MYRIAM. "Reduction asymetrique de cetones prochirales par le borohydrure de sodium modifie en reactif chiral." Nice, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NICE5141.

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Ce memoire concerne la reduction enantioselective de cetones prochirales par le borohydrure de sodium, modifie a l'aide de composes chiraux encore jamais utilises tels que les alcools et les cetones terpeniques. Les alcools secondaires correspondants sont obtenus avec des exces enantiomeriques pouvant atteindre 50%. Il est possible d'obtenir en exces l'enantiomere (r) ou (s) de l'alcool en changeant la configuration absolue de l'auxiliaire chiral utilise. La reduction asymetrique de l'acetophenone par le borohydrure de sodium modifie par un equivalent d'acide carboxylique optiquement actif et de (r)- ou (s)-carvone est etudiee pour clarifier le role du substituant acide carboxylique sur la stereoselectivite. Le groupement phenyle de l'acide mandelique exerce un remarquable effet en provoquant une inversion de configuration absolue. Nous proposons des etats de transition pour expliquer les resultats observes. Nous montrons egalement que certaines cetones insaturees sont reduites asymetriquement dans l'eau par le borohydrure de sodium modifie a l'aide de la -cyclodextrine. Les (r)- alcools correspondants sont obtenus stereoselectivement avec des exces enantiomeriques pouvant atteindre 65%.
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Levasseur, Frédéric. "Réduction par le borohydrure de sodium, catalysée par les complexes de métaux de transition, un nouveau ligand : l'oxime de l'alpha-pyrrolidino hydratropaldéhyde." Rouen, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ROUES075.

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La réduction de composés carbonylés conjugués par le borohydrure de sodium catalysée par les complexes de métaux de transition nécessite la présence d'un sel métallique et d'un ligand correctement choisis pour obtenir des résultats optima. Les propriétés des complexes de la diméthylglyoxime et de la diphénylglyoxime avec les sels de cobalt et de nickel ont fait l'objet d'une étude comparative. L'utilisation d'un nouveau ligand, l'oxime de l'α-pyrrolidino hydratropaldéhyde, facilement préparée à partir de l'amnioaldéhyde précurseur, donne de meilleurs résultats que les dioximes pour la réduction des esters α, β-éthyléniques substitués ou non. La préparation du ligand optiquement actif a permis la réduction du 3-phényl butènoate d'éthyle avec un excès énantiomérique prometteur de 64 %.
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Mauger, Jacques. "Reduction selective par le borohydrure de sodium de fonctions esters ou nitrile : acces aux alpha -cyano alpha -hydroxymethyl epoxydes ou aux alpha -cyano alpha -aminomethyl epoxydes : ouverture de ces nouveaux epoxydes par les hydracides." Rennes 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986REN10095.

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L'objectif de la presente etude est la synthese de nouveaux cyano epoxydes a partir des gem dicyano epoxydes et des alpha -cyano alpha -ethoxycarbonyl epoxydes. Pour cela nous avons entrepris la recherche d'une methode de reduction selective d'un groupement ester ou nitrile dans ces epoxydes. Le borohydrure de sodium est un reducteur de choix qui nous a permis de preparer les alpha -cyano alpha -hydroxymethyl epoxydes et les alpha -cyano alpha -methylamino epoxydes. Cette reaction se caracterise par des conditions experimentales tres douces, de bons rendements, une chimioselectivite remarquable puisque l'ouverture du cycle epoxyde n'est pas observee et une grande regioselectivite. Nous avons determine les facteurs importants intervenant dans la reaction : la nature du solvant, la presence d'un second groupe nitrile en alpha du groupement reductible ; la presence d'une fonction epoxy. Ces observations nous ont amene a proposer un schema reactionnel faisant intervenir une association entre le borohydrure de sodium et l'oxygene du cycle. Dans une deuxieme partie, nous avons montre que le zinc en milieu acetique permet a l'inverse de reduire selectivement le cycle des alpha -cyano epoxydes, l'ouverture des alpha -cyano alpha -hydroxymethyl epoxydes et des alpha -cyano alpha -methyl amino epoxydes permettant d'acceder a des alpha -hydroxycetones et des alpha -amino cetones. Enfin, l'ouverture des alpha -cyano alpha -hydroxymethyl epoxydes et de alpha -cyano alpha -chloromethyl epoxydes par les hydracides conduit a des cyanhydrines hautement fonctionnalisees qui contrairement aux cyanhydrines issues de l'ouverture des cyano epoxydes ne perdent par hcn en milieu acide et qui redonnent les epoxydes de depart en milieu basique
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YOVANOVICH, MARCOS. "Oxidação eletroquímica do ácido fórmico em eletrólito ácido e básico utilizando eletrocatalisadores PtBi/C e PdBi/C preparados pelo método de redução via borohidreto de sódio adição rápida." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2016. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/26799.

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Submitted by Claudinei Pracidelli (cpracide@ipen.br) on 2016-11-11T09:51:24Z No. of bitstreams: 0<br>Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-11T09:51:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0<br>PtBi/C e PdBi/C foram preparados em diferentes razões atômicas (100:0, 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40 e 50:50) pelo método de redução via borohidreto de sódio (com adição total da solução de borohidreto em uma única etapa) utilizando H2PtCl6.6H2O, Pd(NO3)2, (BiNO3)3.5H2O como fonte de metais, Vulcan® (XC72-Cabot) como suporte de carbono e com uma carga metálica correspondente a 20% em massa. Os eletrocatalisadores obtidos foram caracterizados por difração de raios-X (DRX), microscopia eletrônica de transmissão (MET) e voltametria cíclica (VC). A atividade dos diferentes materiais preparados para a oxidação eletroquímica do ácido fórmico foi realizada em eletrólito ácido e alcalino utilizando-se as técnicas de voltametria cíclica, e cronoamperometria. Para estes estudos foi utilizado a técnica do eletrodo de camada fina porosa. A caracterização eletroquímica permitiu comparar o desempenho eletroquímico da platina e paládio, além de avaliar o benefício da presença do bismuto nas razões atômicas propostas. Os difratogramas de raio-X (DRX) confirmaram para todos os compostos de PtBi/C e PdBi/C a formação da estrutura cúbica de face centrada (cfc) característicos da rede cristalina da platina e do Paládio respectivamente. Outros picos encontrados foram associados a presença de fases de óxido de bismuto em ambos os compostos, PtBi/C e PdBi/C. A microscopia eletrônica de transmissão (MET) indicou que a presença de maiores teores de bismuto não acarretaram em aumento do tamanho médio da partícula. Os resultados eletroquímicos em meio alcalino indicaram que ainda é necessário uma otimização da concentração de ácido fórmico para que possamos observar melhores resultados quanto à adição de bismuto na platina ou paládio, no entanto os estudos em meio ácido mostraram o efeito benéfico da adição de bismuto tanto para platina quanto para o paládio.<br>Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear)<br>IPEN/D<br>Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
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NANDENHA, JÚLIO. "Estudo da oxidação eletroquímica do ácido fórmico utilizando eletrocatalisadores Pd/C-Sb2O5.SnO2, PdAu/C-Sb2O5.SnO2, PdIr/C-Sb2O5.SnO2 e PdAulr/C-Sb2O5.SnO2 preparados via redução por borohidreto de sódio." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2016. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/26815.

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Submitted by Claudinei Pracidelli (cpracide@ipen.br) on 2016-11-11T12:52:46Z No. of bitstreams: 0<br>Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-11T12:52:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0<br>Os eletrocatalisadores Pd/C, Pd/C-15%ATO, PdAu/C-15%ATO (90:10, 70:30 e 50:50), PdIr/C-15%ATO (90:10, 70:30 e 50:50) e PdAuIr/C-15%ATO (90:5:5, 70:20:10 e 50:45:5) foram preparados pelo método de redução por borohidreto de sódio. Esses eletrocatalisadores foram caracterizados por espectroscopia de energia dispersiva de raios X (EDX), difração de raios X (DRX) e microscopia eletrônica de transmissão (MET), enquanto que as atividades eletrocatalíticas para a oxidação eletroquímica do ácido fórmico em meios ácido e alcalino foram investigadas por voltametria cíclica, cronoamperometria e experimentos em células a combustível de ácido fórmico direto (DFAFC) em meios ácido e alcalino a 100 ºC e 60 ºC, respectivamente. Os difratogramas de raios X dos eletrocatalisadores PdAu/C-15%ATO, PdIr/C-15%ATO e PdAuIr/C-15%ATO mostraram a presença de fase de estrutura cúbica de Pd (cfc), ligas de Pd-Au, Pd-Ir e Pd-Au-Ir, fases de carbono e SnO2. As micrografias eletrônicas de transmissão indicaram que as nanopartículas foram bem distribuídas sobre o suporte C-ATO e apresentaram alguns aglomerados. Os estudos eletroquímicos para oxidação de ácido fórmico foram realizados utilizando a técnica de camada fina porosa. Todos os eletrocatalisadores preparados foram testados em células a combustível unitárias alimentadas diretamente por ácido fórmico. Nos estudos comparativos entre os melhores eletrocatalisadores, o eletrocatalisador PdAuIr/C-15%ATO (50:45:5) em meios ácido e alcalino apresentou uma atividade eletrocatalítica superior para a oxidação eletroquímica do ácido fórmico em temperatura ambiente em comparação com o eletrocatalisador Pd/C-15%ATO e os outros eletrocatalisadores binários e ternários preparados. Os experimentos em uma DFAFC unitária ácida e alcalina, também, indicaram que o eletrocatalisador PdAuIr/C-15%ATO (90:5:5) apresentou melhor desempenho para oxidação eletroquímica do ácido fórmico a 100 ºC (meio ácido) e a 60 ºC (meio alcalino), respectivamente, em comparação com os demais eletrocatalisadores sintetizados. Esses resultados indicaram que a adição de Au e Ir ao Pd favorece a oxidação eletroquímica do ácido fórmico, esse efeito pode ser atribuído ao mecanismo bifuncional (a presença de ATO (Sb2O5·SnO2), óxidos de Au e Ir) associados ao efeito eletrônico (ligas de Pd-Au-Ir (cfc)).<br>Tese (Doutorado em Tecnologia Nuclear)<br>IPEN/T<br>Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
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Lu, Jianming. "Cobalt precipitation by reduction with sodium borohydride." Thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/4232.

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The reaction of cobalt reduction with borohydride is very complicated. Various authors obtained different reaction stoichiometries and have proposed a number of mechanisms. There are conflicting claims about the removal of cobalt from zinc electrolyte with sodium borohydride. The present research has focused on the stoichiometry of cobalt reduction with borohydride and on the removal of cobalt from zinc sulphate solution. Cobalt reduction with borohydride releases hydrogen ions resulting in a decrease in the pH of the solution. The efficiency of cobalt reduction increased with increasing concentration of NaOH in the reducing solution. The NaOH in the reducing solution neutralized the hydrogen ions released during cobalt reduction. The best reduction efficiency without the precipitation of cobalt hydroxide is one mole of sodium borohydride to reduce one mole of cobalt (II). If the pH was controlled at 4, the maximum reduction efficiency was about 81 % for a ten-minute addition time and the addition of more sodium borohydride did not increase the reduction efficiency. The reduction efficiency increased with increasing pH from nil at pH 2 to 96% at pH 6 and decreased with increasing temperature. X-ray diffraction patterns and TEM patterns of the recovered precipitates showed them to be amorphous. After a two-hour heat-treatment at 500 °C, the X-ray diffraction pattern of the precipitate showed well-defined peaks due to C 0 2 B with the main peak attributable to cobalt. The single crystal TEM pattern obtained was consistent with that of C 0 2 B . The particle size was about 20-100 nm. The atom ratio of Co to B increased with increasing temperature. The reduction of cobalt ions in the absence of interfering species was completed within several seconds. The time for the reduction of most of the cobalt ions decreased with increasing temperature from 24 seconds at 5 °C to less than 2 seconds at 35 °C. Zinc ions had a dramatic inhibitory effect on cobalt reduction. Several tens of iumol/L of zinc ions completely inhibit cobalt reduction with borohydride. The main cause of inhibition is that zinc ions compete with those of cobalt for borohydride ions and zinc borohydride forms and hydrolyzes rapidly. The resulting zinc ions react further with borohydride. Zinc ions catalyze the hydrolysis of borohydride. Zinc ions also have an inhibitory effect on nickel, cadmium and lead reduction.
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Book chapters on the topic "Sodium borohydride reduction"

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de Resende, V. G., G. M. da Costa, E. De Grave, and L. Datas. "Chemical reduction of hematite by sodium borohydride." In ICAME 2005. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-49850-6_16.

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Das, Dimitra, Kalyan Kumar Chattopadhyay, and Somnath Mukherjee. "Sodium Borohydride Assisted Catalytic Reduction of Toxic Pollutants by Carbon and Nitrogen Based Poly-meric Compounds: A Review." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-4041-7_34.

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Van Orden, L. J., R. Jasti, and S. D. Rychnovsky. "Sodium Borohydride Reduction." In Ethers. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-037-00009.

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Seela, F., N. Ramzaeva, and H. Rosemeyer. "By Reduction with Sodium Borohydride." In Six-Membered Hetarenes with Two Identical Heteroatoms. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-016-01330.

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Wicha, J. "Reduction of Tosylhydrazones with Sodium Borohydride." In Alkanes. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-048-00052.

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Comasseto, J. V., and A. S. Guarezemini. "Reduction of Dialkyl Ditellurides with Sodium Borohydride." In Sulfur, Selenium, and Tellurium. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-039-01536.

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Clark, A. J. "Reduction of Tin Halides with Sodium Borohydride." In Compounds of Group 14 (Ge, Sn, Pb). Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-005-00193.

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Block, E. "Reduction with Lithium Aluminum Hydride or Sodium Borohydride." In Sulfur, Selenium, and Tellurium. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-039-00802.

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Block, E. "Reduction by Catalytic Hydrogenation or with Sodium Borohydride." In Sulfur, Selenium, and Tellurium. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-039-00847.

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Li, W.-R. "Regioselective Reduction with the Sodium Borohydride/Iodine System." In Three Carbon-Heteroatom Bonds: Esters and Lactones; Peroxy Acids and R(CO)OX Compounds; R(CO)X, X=S, Se, Te. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-021-00202.

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Conference papers on the topic "Sodium borohydride reduction"

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Muda, M. R., Muhammad M. Ramli, Siti S. Mat Isa, et al. "Fundamental study of reduction graphene oxide by sodium borohydride for gas sensor application." In 11TH ASIAN CONFERENCE ON CHEMICAL SENSORS: (ACCS2015). Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4975267.

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Perez-Raya, Isaac, Michael W. Ellis, Abel Hernandez-Guerrero, Francisco Elizalde-Blancas, Carlos U. Gonzalez-Valle, and Luis D. Lorenzini-Gutierrez. "A Comparative 1D Analysis of PEM, SO and DB Fuel Cells." In ASME 2014 12th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2014-20568.

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Although fuel cells represent an attractive alternative for electricity generation, different technical problems, such as the hydrogen storage, have not been solved, as yet. Nowadays direct sodium borohydride fuel cells are considered as a promising technology since NaBH4 (fuel) is a stable, nonflammable and nontoxic liquid solution. In the present study a one-dimensional numerical study of a proton exchange membrane, a solid oxide, and a direct sodium borohydride fuel cell is performed. The objective of this work is to compare qualitatively the fuel cell performance between these technologies. For proton exchange membrane and solid oxide fuel cells there are already established useful models and correlations widely known, and used, to predict the current density and the power generated. Direct Borohydride fuel cells, on the other hand, are still in their early developments; in the present paper DBFCs are analyzed using a novel model. This proposed model for DBFCs includes the prediction of the NaBH4 oxidation in the anode side, the H2O2 reduction in the cathode side and the effect of the solution concentration and temperature on the membrane. It is noteworthy mentioning that this last effect has not been integrated in any of the established models in the current technical literature.
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Sudirman, Weldan Z. Lubis, Mujamilah, Grace Tj Sulungbudi, and Nur Rahmayani. "Synthesis and characterization of magnetic nanoparticles Fe/Fe oxide of sodium borohydride reduction results within chitosan hydrogel." In 4TH INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON CHEMISTRY. AIP Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0051848.

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Ahsan, Syed Saad, and David Erickson. "Microfluidic Photocatalytic Water-Splitting Reactors." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-87860.

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In this work, we present a novel microfluidic photocatalytic water-splitting reactor. Optofluidics offers advantages over conventional reactors in terms of improved photon transfer efficiency and mass transfer efficiency and are therefore the ideal platform for photocatalytic reactions. Our device is a planar optofluidic device which we used to study the kinetics of Platinum-Impregnated Titanium Oxide as the oxygen and hydrogen producing photocatalyst redox mediated by Iodide/Iodate species. We deposit our catalysts via a sol-gel method while the platinum co-catalyst is added by wet impregnation via reduction in Sodium Borohydride. The reactions are performed under a 100W Hg lamp and reaction rates are inferred by measuring the depletion of the two Iodine species via UV-vis absorption spectrophotometry. Our results indicate that reaction rates and efficiencies can be enhanced by using an optofluidic platform as opposed to the conventional slurry reactor used in previous experiments for this class of reaction. We believe that the micro-optofluidic platform of our device offers the benefit of measuring the kinetic properties of these class of reactions quickly and cheaply for the goals of further optimization.
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