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Journal articles on the topic 'Sodium borohydride reduction'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 24 June 2025

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1

Cai, Ke Ying, and Ying Mei Zhou. "Reduction of Aromatic Nitro Compounds to Azoxy Compounds with Sodium Borohydride." Advanced Materials Research 1033-1034 (October 2014): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1033-1034.18.

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The reduction of aromatic nitro compounds to corresponding azoxy compounds with sodium borohydride was catalyzed by BiO(OH)/actived carbon (AC), which was prepared by equivalent-volume impregnation. The influences of catalyst, sodium borohydride and sodium hydroxide amount were investigated with 10 mmol of nitrobenzene as substrate in methanol at room temperature. The suitable reaction conditions are as follows: 0.2 g of catalyst, 10 mmol of sodium borohydride and 0.1 g of sodium hydroxide. Under the conditions, the seven aromatic nitro compounds were reduced to corresponding azoxy compounds with 27%-90% yields. Moreover, slight deactivation was observed after nine cycles of the catalyst.

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2

Basirun, Wan Jefrey, Syed Tawab Shah, Md Shalauddin, Shamima Akhter, Nazzatush Shimar Jamaludin, and Adeeb Hayyan. "A Review of Electrochemical Reduction of Sodium Metaborate." Energies 16, no. 1 (2022): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16010015.

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The recycling of sodium borohydride poses a huge challenge to the drive towards a hydrogen economy. Currently, mechano-chemical, thermo-chemical and electrochemical are the only reported methods of recycling sodium metaborate into sodium borohydride. Much attention has been devoted to the mechano-chemical and thermo-chemical methods of reduction, but little focus has been devoted to electrochemical methods. This review describes the electrochemical behaviour of borohydride (BH4−) and metaborate (BO2−) anions in alkaline solutions. The BH4− is stabilized in highly concentrated alkaline solutions, while the electro-oxidation of BH4− is dependent on the type of electrode material. The attempts to electro-reduce the BO2− into BH4− is reviewed and the challenges, suggestions and future outlook of electro-reduction for the recycling of BO2− into BH4− is highlighted.

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3

NOSE, ATSUKO, and TADAHIRO KUDO. "Reactions of sodium borohydride. IV. Reduction of aromatic sulfonyl chlorides with sodium borohydride." CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN 35, no. 5 (1987): 1770–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/cpb.35.1770.

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4

Yamaguchi, Jun-Ichi, Emiko Shibuta, and Yoshie Oishi. "Simple Reduction of Hydantoins with Sodium Borohydride." International Journal of Organic Chemistry 04, no. 05 (2014): 286–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ijoc.2014.45031.

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5

Rao, H. Surya Prakash. "Reduction of Aroyl Azides with Sodium Borohydride." Synthetic Communications 20, no. 1 (1990): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00397919008054614.

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6

Lu, Jianming, D. B. Dreisinger, and W. C. Cooper. "Cobalt precipitation by reduction with sodium borohydride." Hydrometallurgy 45, no. 3 (1997): 305–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-386x(96)00086-2.

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7

Chieffi, André, Paulo H. Menezes, and João V. Comasseto. "Reduction of Organotellurium Trichlorides with Sodium Borohydride." Organometallics 16, no. 4 (1997): 809–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/om960409q.

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8

de Resende, V. G., G. M. da Costa, E. De Grave, and L. Datas. "Chemical reduction of hematite by sodium borohydride." Hyperfine Interactions 165, no. 1-4 (2005): 113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10751-006-9254-0.

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9

R. Nawghare, Beena, Rekha R. Joshi та Pradeep D. Lokhande. "Chemoselective metal free deallylation of α-allyl-phenyl-carboxylic esters under reduction condition". Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia 39, № 1 (2024): 131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v39i1.11.

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A simple and efficient method for chemoselective deallylation of –COO-allyl group in presence of C-allyl group has been developed. C-allyl cleavage of α-methylene compounds was successfully completed by refluxing with excess sodium borohydride in methanol. The reagent's stability, ready availability and ease of handling encourage its usage for deallylation. KEY WORDS: C-allyl cleavage, Sodium borohydride, Chemoselectivity, Reduction Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2025, 39(1), 131-139. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v39i1.11

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10

Zaitsev, B. А., L. G. Kleptsova, and I. D. Shvabskaya. "Synthesis of Disecondary Aromatic Diols." Журнал общей химии 94, no. 2 (2024): 174–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0044460x24020022.

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The synthesis of disecondary aromatic diols (the main precursors for divinyl aromatic monomers) was carried out. The optimal conditions for the preparation of these diols by selective catalytic hydrogenation of aromatic diketones in the presence of Raney nickel and by reduction of these diketones by sodium borohydride were established. It was demonstrated that sodium borohydride reduction afforded the pure diols under mild and relatively safe conditions (in the systems of CHCl3–PEG400–H2O, at room temperature and atmospheric pressure).

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11

Li, Xiaoyan, MengQian Wang, Gang Wu, and Jiming Yao. "Electrochemical reduction of indigo by combination of sodium borohydride and copper salt." Pigment & Resin Technology 50, no. 3 (2020): 185–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt-04-2020-0035.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to improve the performance of sodium borohydride in reducing indigo at room temperature, the divalent copper ion complex was combined with electrochemical technology for the reduction of indigo by sodium borohydride. Design/methodology/approach According to the K/S value of the dyed cloth sample, find a more suitable ligand for the copper ion in the catholyte. Response surface analysis tests were performed to evaluate the effects of sodium borohydride concentration, sodium hydroxide concentration and copper sulfate pentahydrate concentration on the reduction potential of the dye solution and the K/S value of the dyed fabric samples. Findings Sodium gluconate was found to be a more suitable ligand for copper ions in catholyte. The effects of NaOH concentration as well as the interaction of NaBH4 and NaOH on the reduction potential of the catholyte and the K/S value of the dyed fabric samples were extremely significant. The optimal concentrations of NaBH4, NaOH and CuSO4•5H2O were 0.5, 2.5 and 0.65 g/L. In the case of the optimized condition, the absolute value of the reduction potential was 968, and the K/S value was 11.92, which is comparable with that of the conventional reduction process with sodium dithionite. Originality/value The divalent copper ion complex combined with electrochemical technology was applied in the process of reducing indigo with NaBH4 at room temperature.

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12

Rozek, Tomas, Edward R. T. Tiekink, Dennis K. Taylor, and John H. Bowie. "Syntheses of Angucyclinones Related to Ochromycinone. II. Regio- and Stereo-selective Reduction of a Tetrahydroangucyclinone." Australian Journal of Chemistry 51, no. 11 (1998): 1057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/c98094.

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The reduction of racemic 8-hydroxy-6-methoxy-3,3-dimethyl-3,4,5,6,6a,12a-hexahydrobenz[a]anthracene- 1,7,12(2H)-trione, with either (i) sodium borohydride and cerium(III) chloride in ethanol (the Luche reagent) or (ii) sodium borohydride in ethanol, was shown (by n.m.r. and X-ray crystallographic data) to yield the same racemic product, viz. 7,8-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-3,3-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,6a,7,12a-octahydrobenz[a]anthracene-1,12-dione. The 7-OH and 6-OMe groups are cis to each other. The observed regiochemistry can be rationalized in both cases by preferential interaction of respectively (i) the cerium(III) chloride of the Luche reagent, and (ii) sodium borohydride with the 8-OH group of (3) (the 8-OH group is more acidic than the solvent), while the cis stereochemistry is consistent with hydride delivery from the less hindered face in (3).

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13

Qiu, Fei, Lin Wei, and Chen Yi Lu. "Improve the Synthesis of (S)-1-benzyl-3-pyrrolidinol." Advanced Materials Research 396-398 (November 2011): 1244–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.396-398.1244.

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The synthesis of (S)-1-benzyl-3-pyrrolidinol is described. Starting from L-malic acid and benzylamine, we improved the synthesis of (S)-1-benzyl-3-hydroxypyrrolidine-2, 5-dione via melting reaction, without using any solvent. Followed by reduction with sodium borohydride-iodine in tetrahydrofuran, we synthesized the target compound. We used IR spectra to study the process of the reduction and modified the reaction conditions. It is the first time we reported (S)-1-benzyl-3-pyrrolidinol-borane which is the intermediate of the reduction with sodium borohydride-iodine system, and its spectral data (IR, 1H NMR, 11B NMR, MS spectroscopy).

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14

Butler, Christopher R., Justin Bendesky, and Allen Milton Schoffstall. "Regioselective Reduction of 1H-1,2,3-Triazole Diesters." Molecules 26, no. 18 (2021): 5589. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26185589.

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Regioselective reactions can play pivotal roles in synthetic organic chemistry. The reduction of several 1-substituted 1,2,3-triazole 4,5-diesters by sodium borohydride has been found to be regioselective, with the C(5) ester groups being more reactive towards reduction than the C(4) ester groups. The amount of sodium borohydride and reaction time required for reduction varied greatly depending on the N(1)-substituent. The presence of a β-hydroxyl group on the N(1)-substituent was seen to have a rate enhancing effect on the reduction of the C(5) ester group. The regioselective reduction was attributed to the lower electron densities of the C(5) and the C(5) ester carbonyl carbon of the 1,2,3-triazole, which were further lowered in cases involving intramolecular hydrogen bonding.

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15

Cho, Byung Tae, and Nung Min Yoon. "Selective Reduction Among Carboxylic Acids with Sodium Borohydride." Synthetic Communications 15, no. 10 (1985): 917–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00397918508063891.

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16

Adair, Gareth R. A., Kamal K. Kapoor, Alexandre L. B. Scolan, and Jonathan M. J. Williams. "Ruthenium catalysed reduction of alkenes using sodium borohydride." Tetrahedron Letters 47, no. 50 (2006): 8943–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.10.026.

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17

Ishchenko, V. V., N. M. Voevoda, O. V. Shablykina, A. V. Turov, and V. P. Khilya. "Reduction of 3-(carboxyaryl)isocoumarins with sodium borohydride." Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds 47, no. 10 (2012): 1212–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10593-012-0896-3.

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18

Vigante, B. A., Ya Ya Ozols, and G. Ya Dubur. "Reduction of 2,3,4-substituted quinolines with sodium borohydride." Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds 27, no. 12 (1991): 1352–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00515581.

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19

Duriche, C�cile, Chaza Darwich, Mazen Elkhatib, Mohamad Tabcheh, and Henri Delalu. "Kinetics of reduction of chloramines by sodium borohydride." Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 15, no. 7 (2002): 363–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/poc.504.

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20

Granelli, Lisa, Johan Eriksson, and Åke Bergman. "Sodium borohydride reduction of individual polybrominated diphenyl ethers." Chemosphere 86, no. 10 (2012): 1008–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.11.037.

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21

Netskina, Olga, Elena Tayban, Anna Ozerova, Oxana Komova, and Valentina Simagina. "Solid-State NaBH4/Co Composite as Hydrogen Storage Material: Effect of the Pressing Pressure on Hydrogen Generation Rate." Energies 12, no. 7 (2019): 1184. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12071184.

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A solid-state NaBH4/Co composite has been employed as a hydrogen-generating material, as an alternative to sodium borohydride solutions, in the long storage of hydrogen. Hydrogen generation begins in the presence of cobalt-based catalysts, immediately after water is added to a NaBH4/Co composite, as a result of sodium borohydride hydrolysis. The hydrogen generation rate has been investigated as a function of the pressure used to press hydrogen-generating composites from a mechanical mixture of the hydride and cobalt chloride hexahydrate. The hydrogen generation rate was observed to increase with the increase of this pressure. Pre-reduction of the cobalt chloride, using a sodium borohydride solution, leveled this dependence with a two-fold decrease in the gas generation rate. According to TEM and XPS data, oxidation of the particles of the pre-reduced cobalt catalyst took place during preparation of the composites, and it is this oxidation that appears to be the main reason for its low activity in sodium borohydride hydrolysis.

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22

Veeraraghavan Ramachandran, P., Henry J. Hamann, and Randy Lin. "Activation of sodium borohydride via carbonyl reduction for the synthesis of amine- and phosphine-boranes." Dalton Transactions 50, no. 45 (2021): 16770–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1dt03495b.

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23

Oh, Jin An Sam, and Ying Shirley Meng. "Vacancy-Driven Sodium Diffusion in Sodium Closo-Borohydride As Solid-State Electrolyte." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, no. 9 (2024): 1304. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-0291304mtgabs.

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Solid electrolyte is the cornerstone of the next-generation all-solid-state batteries. To realize the all-solid-state battery, the solid electrolyte must possess a high ionic conductivity and an electrochemical window that matches the electrode redox reaction potential. Recently, sodium closo-borohydrides have attracted significant attention for their high ionic conductivity and excellent reduction stability1,2. In this presentation, we will share our recent finding on the metastable nature of one of the sodium closo-borohydride chemistry using synchrotron X-ray diffraction and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Additionally, we investigated the ions diffusion mechanism in the crystal structure that leads to high room-temperature ionic conductivity. Leveraging the high ionic conductivity, we realize an all-solid-state battery with high areal capacity and efficiency. 1Deysher, G., Oh, J. A. S., Chen, Y. T., Sayahpour, B., Ham, S. Y., Cheng, D., ... & Meng, Y. S. (2023). An Anode-Free Sodium All-Solid-State Battery. 2Oh, J. A. S., Deysher, G., Ridley, P., Chen, Y. T., Cheng, D., Cronk, A., ... & Meng, Y. S. (2023). High‐Performing All‐Solid‐State Sodium‐Ion Batteries Enabled by the Presodiation of Hard Carbon. Advanced Energy Materials, 13(26), 2300776.

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24

YOON, SUNG-HOON, HARRY CULLINAN, and GOPAL A. KRISHNAGOPALAN. "Polysulfide-borohydride modification of southern pine alkaline pulping integrated with hydrothermal pre-extraction of hemicelluloses." July 2011 10, no. 7 (2011): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj10.7.9.

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We studied three process modifications to investigate their effects on the property and yield recovery capabilities of kraft pulping integrated with hemicellulose pre-extraction of southern pine. Loblolly pine chips were pre-extracted with hot water until the sugar extraction yield reached the targeted value of 10% and then subjected to conventional and modified kraft pulping. Modification included polysulfide pretreatment; polysulfide-sodium borohydride dual pretreatment, and polysulfide followed by polysulfide-sodium borohydride dual pretreatment two-stage pretreatments prior to kraft pulping. In the first modification, about 5% of the lost pulp yield (total 7%) caused by hemicellulose pre-extraction could be recovered with 15%-20% polysulfide pretreatment. Complete recovery (7%) was achieved with simultaneous pretreatment using 15% polysulfide and 0.5% sodium borohydride with 0.1% anthraquinone in polysulfide-sodium borohydride dual pretreatment. Two-stage pretreatment using recycled 15% polysulfide followed by simultaneous treatment of 6% polysulfide and 0.4%–0.5% sodium borohydride with 0.1% anthraquinone also achieved 100% yield recovery. Continuous recycling of 15% polysulfide employed in the two-stage process modification maintained its yield protection efficiency in a repeated recycling cycle. No significant changes in paper strength were found in handsheets prepared from the three process modifications, except for a minor reduction in tear strength.

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Sakač, Marija N., Katarina M. Penov Gaši, Evgenija A. Djurendić, Silvana Andrić, and Dušan A. Miljković. "Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 17-[4-(2-Aminoethoxy)phenyl]-16,17-secoestra-1,3,5(10)-triene Derivatives." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 72, no. 3 (2007): 403–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc20070403.

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Starting from 3-(benzyloxy)-16-(hydroxyimino)estra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-one (1), 3-(benzyloxy)- 17-{4-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]phenyl}-17-oxo-16,17-secoestra-1,3,5(10)-triene-16-nitrile (3a) was synthesized. Reduction of 3a with sodium borohydride yielded secocyano alcohol 4a, as well as the secoamino alcohol 5a when reduction was performed with sodium borohydride in the presence of cobalt(II) salt. Deprotection of the C-3 hydroxy group in compounds 3a-5a by catalytic hydrogenolysis resulted in the corresponding 3-hydroxy derivatives 3b-5b. Compounds 3b-5b were tested on residual estrogenic and potential antiestrogenic activities.

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26

Islam, Md Tariqul, Julio E. Padilla, Noemi Dominguez, et al. "Green synthesis of gold nanoparticles reduced and stabilized by squaric acid and supported on cellulose fibers for the catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol in water." RSC Advances 6, no. 94 (2016): 91185–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra17480a.

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Gold nanoparticles reduced and stabilized by sodium squarate in water that attach to cellulose fibers and catalyse the reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) to 4-aminophenol (4-AP) with sodium borohydride.

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27

Aleksandrovskiy, Maxim, Y. Kamala Raju, Srinivasa Reddy Vempada, et al. "Comparative Synthesis of Copper Nanoparticles Using Various Reduction Methods: Size Control, Stability, and Environmental Considerations." E3S Web of Conferences 588 (2024): 02002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202458802002.

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The present work investigates three strategies for the production of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs): sodium borohydride reduction, ascorbic acid reduction, and reduction without reducing agent. Analyzed were the size distribution, stability, and ecological sustainability potential of the produced nanoparticles. The sodium borohydride reduction method yielded the most uniform and diminutive nanoparticles, with an average diameter of 8 ± 2 nm. This characteristic made it the optimal selection for applications necessitating meticulous control of dimensions, such as in the fields of electronics and catalysis. Although the reduction of ascorbic acid resulted in the formation of considerably bigger nanoparticles measuring 15 ± 5 nm, it provided a much more environmentally friendly manufacturing approach that was well-suited for biological applications. Although the experiments showed that stabilizers might be advantageous in lowering copper ions, the technique without a reducing agent produced the biggest and least consistent nanoparticles, measuring 25 ± 8 nm. The results indicate that modulating the size of nanoparticles incurs both advantages and disadvantages. Among the options considered, sodium borohydride offers the most consistent size distribution, although ascorbic acid is the most environmentally friendly. For the purpose of enhancing particle stability and improving nanoparticle production, future study should investigate more environmentally friendly reducing agents and optimize reaction parameters.

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28

Lesiak, B., G. Trykowski, J. Tóth, et al. "Chemical and structural properties of reduced graphene oxide—dependence on the reducing agent." Journal of Materials Science 56, no. 5 (2020): 3738–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-020-05461-1.

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AbstractGraphene oxide (GO) prepared from graphite powder using a modified Hummers method and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) obtained from GO using different reductants, i.e., sodium borohydride, hydrazine, formaldehyde, sodium hydroxide and L-ascorbic acid, were investigated using transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman, infrared and electron spectroscopic methods. The GO and rGOs’ stacking nanostructure (flake) size (height x diameter), interlayer distance, average number of layers, distance between defects, elementary composition, content of oxygen groups, C sp3 and vacancy defects were determined. Different reductants applied to GO led to modification of carbon to oxygen ratio, carbon lattice (vacancy) and C sp3 defects with various in-depth distribution of C sp3 due to oxygen group reduction proceeding as competing processes at different rates between interstitial layers and in planes. The reduction using sodium borohydride and hydrazine in contrary to other reductants results in a larger content of vacancy defects than in GO. The thinnest flakes rGO obtained using sodium borohydride reductant exhibits the largest content of vacancy, C sp3 defects and hydroxyl group accompanied by the smallest content of epoxy, carboxyl and carbonyl groups due to a mechanism of carbonyl and carboxyl group reduction to hydroxyl groups. This rGO similar diameter to GO seems to result from a predominant reduction rate between the interstitial layers. The thicker flakes of a smaller diameter than in GO are obtained in rGOs prepared using remaining reductants and result from a higher rate of reduction of in plane defects.

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29

Sun, Jingwen, Yongsheng Fu, Guangyu He, Xiaoqiang Sun, and Xin Wang. "Catalytic hydrogenation of nitrophenols and nitrotoluenes over a palladium/graphene nanocomposite." Catal. Sci. Technol. 4, no. 6 (2014): 1742–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cy00048j.

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30

Enciso, Alan E., Giovanni Doni, Riccardo Nifosì, et al. "Facile synthesis of stable, water soluble, dendron-coated gold nanoparticles." Nanoscale 9, no. 9 (2017): 3128–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6nr09679d.

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31

Belattar, Nadjah, Samir Benayache, and Fadila Benayache. "Diphenyl Diselenide – catalyzed Reductive Coupling of Nitroarenes to Aromatic Azo and Azoxy Compounds with Sodium Borohydride in Alkaline Ethanol." Current Organic Synthesis 15, no. 8 (2018): 1182–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570179415666181025151130.

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Aim and Objective: A simple catalytic method has been developed to achieve the reduction of nitroarenes with NaBH4 using diphenyl diselenide catalyst in order to obtain the azoxyarene, azoarene products under mild conditions. Materials and Methods: The reduction of different substituted nitroarenes was realized in alkaline ethanolic solution using mild sodium borohydride in the presence of diphenyl diselenide as an electron-transfer catalyst. The reactions were performed sometimes at room temperature and sometimes at refluxing conditions. Results: Diphenyl diselenide which is reduced to sodium phenylselenolate, presenting an electron transfer agent successfully permitted to reduce several nitroarenes, bearing different substituent groups whose electronic effects promote the formation of the azoxy or azo compounds. Conclusion: Treatment of nitroarenes with sodium borohydride in alkaline ethanol in the presence of catalytic amounts of diphenyl diselenide at room temperature leads to obtain the corresponding azoxy compounds in good yields by reaction with sodium phenylselenolate generated in situ. At higher temperature, further reduction to azo compounds occurs. Therefore, the results have indicated that the electronic effects of substituent groups rigorously take part in determination of their reduction efficiencies.

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32

Sofian, Muhammad, Fatima Nasim, Hassan Ali, and Muhammad Arif Nadeem. "Pronounced effect of yttrium oxide on the activity of Pd/rGO electrocatalyst for formic acid oxidation reaction." RSC Advances 13, no. 21 (2023): 14306–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d3ra01929b.

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33

Castilla-Martinez, Carlos A., Dominique Granier, Pascal G. Yot, and Umit B. Demirci. "Unraveling the Crystal Structure of Sodium Tetrabenzylborate: Synthesis through the Sodium Borohydride Reduction of Benzaldehyde in the Solid State." Inorganics 12, no. 7 (2024): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inorganics12070179.

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We present the synthesis, characterization, and crystal structure of sodium tetrabenzylborate, a novel tetraalkoxyborate obtained via a direct mechanochemical reaction between benzaldehyde and sodium borohydride at room temperature. The molecular and crystal structures of this borate were investigated using 11B MAS NMR, IR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. Crystalline sodium tetrabenzylborate exists in two different crystal structures, which were elucidated using powder- and single-crystal-XRD analyses. At a low temperature (e.g., −100 °C), sodium tetrabenzylborate crystallizes in the monoclinic system with the space group P21 (No. 4), but at room temperature, it displays a crystallization in the tetragonal system with the space group I4¯ (No. 82). According to the DSC analysis, the phase transition occurs at −45 °C. Upon hydrolysis, sodium tetrabenzylborate undergoes direct transformation into benzyl alcohol, thereby confirming the ability of sodium borohydride to convert an aldehyde into its primary alcohol analog. The key findings from our analyses are presented herein.

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34

Akishina, Е. А., V. А. Knizhnikov, L. А. Popova, and Е. G. Karankevich. "Synthesis of N-aryl and pyridine-substituted derivatives of valine, leucine and isoleucine." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Chemical Series 60, no. 2 (2024): 145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1561-8331-2024-60-2-145-152.

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A preparative method for the synthesis of N-aryl- and pyridine-substituted valine, leucine, isoleucine derivatives by condensation of amino acids sodium salts with benzaldehyde, salicylaldehyde, vanillin, p-chlorobenzaldehyde, 3-pyridinecarbaldehyde and subsequent reduction with sodium borohydride has been developed.

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35

Poonam, Poonam, Pratibha Kumari, Maria Grishina, Vladimir Potemkin, Abhishek Verma, and Brijesh Rathi. "Oxygen mediated highly efficient cobalt(ii) porphyrin-catalyzed reduction of functional chromones: experimental and computational studies." New Journal of Chemistry 43, no. 13 (2019): 5228–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9nj00266a.

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The highly efficient oxygen mediated reduction of functional chromones with sodium borohydride (NaBH<sub>4</sub>) catalyzed by cobalt(ii) porphyrins afforded biologically active chroman-4-ols as the reduction products in 80–98% yields.

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Firdaus, Maulidan, Nestri Handayani, and Lina Tri Marfu’ah. "Reduction of Aldehydes Using Sodium Borohydride under Ultrasonic Irradiation." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 16, no. 2 (2018): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21168.

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A simple, energy efficient, and relatively quick synthetic procedure for the reduction of aldehydes under ultrasonic irradiation is reported. Satisfactorily isolated yields (71-96%) were achieved confirming that the preparation of alcohol by aldehyde reduction is possible in green and sustainable fashion.

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Nutaitis, Charles F., Thomas J. Greshock, Stephen R. Houghton, Lynn N. Moran, and Melissa A. Walter. "REDUCTION OF PYRIDYL CARBINOLS WITH SODIUM BOROHYDRIDE/TRIFLUOROACETIC ACID." Organic Preparations and Procedures International 34, no. 3 (2002): 332–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00304940209356774.

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Choi, Jung Hoon, Dae Whang Kim, and Sang Chul Shim. "Photo-enhanced reduction of carbonyl compounds by sodium borohydride." Tetrahedron Letters 27, no. 10 (1986): 1157–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4039(00)84204-5.

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Nutaitis, Charles F., and Joseph E. Bernardo. "Reduction of Monobenzylic Alcohols with Sodium Borohydride/Trifluoroacetic Acid." Synthetic Communications 20, no. 4 (1990): 487–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00397919008244895.

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OHSAWA, AKIO, HEIHACHIRO ARAI, HIDEFUMI OHNISHI, et al. "Sodium Borohydride Reduction of 1, 2, 3-Triazine Derivatives." YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 105, no. 12 (1985): 1122–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/yakushi1947.105.12_1122.

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Liu, Yumin, and Jeffrey Schwartz. "Titanium catalyzed reduction of aromatic halides by sodium borohydride." Tetrahedron 51, no. 15 (1995): 4471–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-4020(94)01134-l.

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42

Thiessen, L. M., J. A. Lepoivre, and F. C. Alderweireldt. "Sodium Borohydride Reduction of 1,2,4-Trisubstituted-1, 2-Dihydropyridines." Bulletin des Sociétés Chimiques Belges 84, no. 7 (2010): 689–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bscb.19750840701.

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CHIEFFI, A., P. H. MENEZES, and J. V. COMASSETO. "ChemInform Abstract: Reduction of Organotellurium Trichlorides with Sodium Borohydride." ChemInform 28, no. 22 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199722192.

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Standara, S., M. Drdák, and M. Veselá. "Amino acid analysis: Reduction of ninhydrin by sodium borohydride." Nahrung/Food 43, no. 6 (1999): 410–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1521-3803(19991201)43:6<410::aid-food410>3.0.co;2-1.

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Harrington, Jordan A., Zachary D. Harms, and Jeffrey M. Zaleski. "Electrostatic assembly of gold nanorods on a glass substrate for sustainable photocatalytic reduction via sodium borohydride." RSC Advances 6, no. 64 (2016): 59113–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra09613a.

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Kubík, Richard, Stanislav Böhm, and Josef Kuthan. "Sterically Crowded Heterocycles. VII. Reduction of Some (Z)-1,3-Diphenyl-3-(2-phenylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl)prop-2-en-1-ones as Their Axial Chirality Probe." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 61, no. 7 (1996): 1018–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19961018.

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Borohydride reduction of titled ketones 1a-1g gave diastereoisomeric mixtures of (Z)-1,3-diphenyl-3-(2-phenylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl)prop-2-en-1-ols 2a-2g and 3a-3g in which the former ones prevailed. Only individual racemic products were obtained after borohydride reduction of (E)-1,3-diphenyl-3-(2-phenylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl)-prop-2-en-1-one 4 to corresponding 1-hydroxy derivative 5 and by conversion of (Z)-1-oxo derivative 1a to 1,3-diphenyl-3-(2-phenylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl)propan-1-one (6) with sodium hydrogenselenide. Diastereoselectivity of the borohydride reduction is discussed using the PM3 calculations of the molecules 1a, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4, 5, and 6.

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Peddarao, Thota, Ashim Baishya, Milan Kr Barman, Ajay Kumar, and Sharanappa Nembenna. "Metal-free access of bulky N,N′-diarylcarbodiimides and their reduction: bulky N,N′-diarylformamidines." New Journal of Chemistry 40, no. 9 (2016): 7627–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6nj00907g.

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Kara, Belgüzar Yasemin, Benan Kılbaş, and Haydar Göksu. "Selectivity and activity in catalytic hydrogenation of azido groups over Pd nanoparticles on aluminum oxy-hydroxide." New Journal of Chemistry 40, no. 11 (2016): 9550–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6nj01925k.

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Szűcs, Rózsa, Diána Balogh-Weiser, Evelin Sánta-Bell, et al. "Green synthesis and in situ immobilization of gold nanoparticles and their application for the reduction of p-nitrophenol in continuous-flow mode." RSC Advances 9, no. 16 (2019): 9193–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra10373a.

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Kim, Se-Ho, Ji Yeong Lee, Jae-Pyoung Ahn, and Pyuck-Pa Choi. "Fabrication of Atom Probe Tomography Specimens from Nanoparticles Using a Fusible Bi–In–Sn Alloy as an Embedding Medium." Microscopy and Microanalysis 25, no. 2 (2019): 438–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927618015556.

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AbstractWe propose a new method for preparing atom probe tomography specimens from nanoparticles using a fusible bismuth–indium–tin alloy as an embedding medium. Iron nanoparticles synthesized by the sodium borohydride reduction method were chosen as a model system. The as-synthesized iron nanoparticles were embedded within the fusible alloy using focused ion beam milling and ion-milled to needle-shaped atom probe specimens under cryogenic conditions. An atom probe analysis revealed boron atoms in a detected iron nanoparticle, indicating that boron from the sodium borohydride reductant was incorporated into the nanoparticle during its synthesis.

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