Relevant bibliographies by topics / Sodium carbonate

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Sodium carbonate'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 19 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Sodium carbonate"

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Coppola, Luigi, Denny Coffetti, Elena Crotti, Raffaella Dell’Aversano, Gabriele Gazzaniga, and Tommaso Pastore. "Influence of Lithium Carbonate and Sodium Carbonate on Physical and Elastic Properties and on Carbonation Resistance of Calcium Sulphoaluminate-Based Mortars." Applied Sciences 10, no. 1 (December 25, 2019): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10010176.

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In this study, three different hardening accelerating admixtures (sodium carbonate, lithium carbonate and a blend of sodium and lithium carbonates) were employed to prepare calcium sulphoaluminate cement-based mortars. The workability, setting times, entrapped air, elasto-mechanical properties such as compressive strength and dynamic modulus of elasticity, free shrinkage, water absorption and carbonation rate were measured and mercury intrusion porosimetry were also performed. Experimental results show that a mixture of lithium carbonate and sodium carbonate acts as a hardening accelerating admixture, improving the early-age strength and promoting a remarkable pore structure refinement. Finally, sodium carbonate also reduces the water absorption, the carbonation rate and the shrinkage of mortars without affecting the setting times and the workability.
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Pouhet, Raphaëlle, and Martin Cyr. "Studies of Natural and Accelerated Carbonation in Metakaolin-Based Geopolymer." Advances in Science and Technology 92 (October 2014): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.92.38.

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The carbonation of Portland-cement-based materials involves the reaction between atmospheric CO2 and calcium ions in the pore solution. The formation of calcium carbonate is responsible for a decrease in the pH of the pore solution from 12.5 to 9, thus leading to the depassivation of steel reinforcements and their possible corrosion, and can also lead to efflorescence (white crystals formed on the surface). In metakaolin-based geopolymer activated by sodium silicate, in which calcium is almost non-existent, the presence of CO2 will lead to the formation of sodium carbonates. Since geopolymer can be carbonated, the risk of corrosion or efflorescence needs to be assessed. A pH study of the geopolymer pore solution showed a very fast decrease compared to OPC, with almost total carbonation after only 14 days. In natural atmospheric CO2 conditions, it was found that the formation of sodium carbonate did not lead to a decrease of the pH to below a value around 9, thus limiting the risk of corrosion by depassivation of reinforcement, but the large amount of carbonate suggested a significant risk of efflorescence. A study of accelerated carbonation performed under an atmosphere of 50% CO2 highlighted the formation of sodium bicarbonate resulting in a lower pH of the pore solution and a much larger amount of product formed. Finally the study of efflorescence carried out by semi-immersion tests in natural or accelerated conditions confirmed the different nature of the crystals formed (sodium carbonate or bicarbonate) but showed no significant impact on the amount of carbonated products. This study thus demonstrates that the accelerated carbonation test had very limited usefulness, given the rapidity of the natural reaction. Furthermore, it was found that this test did not reproduce reality as it led to different reaction products.
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Marinos, Danai, Dimitrios Kotsanis, Alexandra Alexandri, Efthymios Balomenos, and Dimitrios Panias. "Carbonation of Sodium Aluminate/Sodium Carbonate Solutions for Precipitation of Alumina Hydrates—Avoiding Dawsonite Formation." Crystals 11, no. 7 (July 20, 2021): 836. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11070836.

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Experimental work has been performed to investigate the precipitation mechanism of aluminum hydroxide phases from sodium aluminate/sodium carbonate pregnant solutions by carbon dioxide gas purging. Such solutions result from leaching calcium aluminate slags with sodium carbonate solutions, in accordance with the Pedersen process, which is an alternative process for alumina production. The concentration of carbonate ions in the pregnant solution is revealed as a key factor in controlling the nature of the precipitating phase. Synthetic aluminate solutions of varying sodium carbonate concentrations, ranging from 20 to 160 g/L, were carbonated, and the resulting precipitating phases were characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis. Based on the results of the previous carbonation tests, a series of experiments were performed in which the duration of carbonation and the aging period of the precipitates varied. For this work, a synthetic aluminate solution containing 20 g/L free Na2CO3 was used. The precipitates were characterized with X-ray diffraction analysis and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy.
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Алиев, А. Р., И. Р. Ахмедов, М. Г. Какагасанов, and З. А. Алиев. "Колебательные спектры ионно-молекулярных кристаллов карбонатов в предпереходной области вблизи структурных фазовых переходов." Журнал технической физики 127, no. 9 (2019): 429. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/os.2019.09.48196.104-19.

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Molecular relaxation processes in lithium carbonate (Li2CO3), sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) and potassium carbonate (K2CO3) were studied by Raman spectroscopy. It has been established that in crystalline carbonates Li2CO3, Na2CO3 and K2CO3, the structural phase transition of the first kind is stretched (diffuse phase transition). The existence of the pretransition region in the studied carbonates Li2CO3, Na2CO3 and K2CO3 was found.
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Dusek, Michal, Gervais Chapuis, Mathias Meyer, and Vaclav Petricek. "Sodium carbonate revisited." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science 59, no. 3 (May 23, 2003): 337–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108768103009017.

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We present the structure of anhydrous sodium carbonate at room temperature (phase γ) and 110 K (phase δ) based on single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. The incommensurate phase γ was determined almost 30 years ago in the harmonic approximation using one modulation wave and first-order satellites. In our work we use satellites up to fifth order and additional harmonic waves to model the anharmonic features of the structure. The commensurate phase δ is presented for the first time. Using the superspace approach, both phases are compared in order to find common trends in the whole range of the sodium carbonate phases. We present arguments supporting the hypothesis that the driving force of the phase transitions may originate in the unsaturated bonding potential of one of the Na ions.
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Young, Jay A. "Sodium Carbonate (anhydrous)." Journal of Chemical Education 79, no. 11 (November 2002): 1315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed079p1315.

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Young, Jay A. "Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate." Journal of Chemical Education 80, no. 11 (November 2003): 1250. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed080p1250.

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&NA;. "Calcium carbonate/sodium bicarbonate." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 1201 (May 2008): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-200812010-00032.

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&NA;. "Magnesium carbonate/sodium picosulfate." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 1111 (July 2006): 15–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-200611110-00048.

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Wu, Bing, Alena Sobina, Sebastian Recknagel, René Meinhardt, Griselda Rivera-Sánchez, José Luis Ortiz-Aparicio, Matilda Rozikova, et al. "Assay of sodium carbonate." Metrologia 60, no. 1A (January 1, 2023): 08004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/60/1a/08004.

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Main text The CCQM-K173 Assay of Sodium Carbonate key comparison was jointly organized by the Inorganic Analysis (IAWG) and Electrochemical Analysis and Classical Chemical Methods (EAWG) working groups of CCQM to test the abilities of the national metrology institutes (NMIs) to measure the purity or amount content of solid bases. They are important challenges for reference material producers, providers of other measurement services, such as proficiency testing schemes. Evidence of successful participation in formal, relevant international comparisons are needed to support calibration and measurement capability claims (CMCs) made by NMIs and designated institutes (DIs). Nine NMIs participated in this key comparison CCQM-K173. National Institute of Metrology P. R. China (NIM) and Ural Research Institute for Metrology - Affiliated Branch of the D.I. Mendeleyev Institute for Metrology (VNIIM-UNIIM), Russian Federation, acted as the coordinating laboratories of the comparison. The measurement methods used by the participants for measuring the amount content of bases expressed as sodium carbonate were coulometry and titrimetry. In general, good overlap of results was observed, the suitability of coulometry and titrimetry for assay of high purity materials was demonstrated. The majority of results were split in two groups differing from each. This bias was however covered by the stated uncertainty estimates. Various effects have been evaluated that may cause it. However, the reason for the bias has not been identified clearly. To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/. The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sodium carbonate"

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Thompson, Laura M. "The depletion of nitric oxide by reaction with molten sodium carbonate and sodium carbonate/sodium sulfide mixtures." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/5797.

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Sozen, Gulgun. "The autocausticizing of sodium carbonate with colemanite." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25138.

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Autocausticizing, a new method to regenerate sodium hydroxide from the sodium carbonate, is intended to replace the conventional Kraft Recovery System which uses calcium hydroxide produced in a lime kiln for this purpose. It is defined as the self-induced expulsion of carbon dioxide bound in the smelt by using certain amphoteric oxides. Thus autocausticizing can eliminate the need for a lime cycle and hence reduce the Kraft process capital and operating costs. The reactions between sodium carbonate and a number of amphoteric oxides have been reported in the literature. Patents have been issued on the use of titanium dioxide, iron oxide and sodium borates for this purpose. The sodium borates have the advantage of a high reaction rate, but are totally soluble and must be carried throughout the whole Kraft cycle. In this research colemanite (calcium borate) which is mined as a cheap mineral in California and in Turkey was studied as an autocausticizing agent. Since it is partially soluble and most likely can be recycled, it would eliminate the problems associated with the use of soluble borates. Experiments were performed both isothermally and under constant heating rate conditions. Isothermal studies were made with Ti0₂, alumina and colemanite to compare their performances as autocausticizing agents at 900°C and 1000°C for various reaction times in an electric furnace. The second group of experiments was made using a differential Chermogravimetric (TG) analyzer. In these experiments mixtures with 20 to 80 weight percent colemanite in sodium carbonate were heated at a constant heating rate of 10°K/min in the range of 190-1000°C. The results indicate that two reaction were involved. Above the stoichiometric colemanite concentration the colemanite and sodium carbonate had reacted completely by a temperature of about 700°C. Above that temperature the impurities in the colemanite appeared to catalyze the decomposition of sodium carbonate if the colemanite concentration was less than the stoichiometric amount needed. TG data were analyzed for the first and second reactions between the temperature ranges of 190-700°C and 700-1000°C respectively. Kinetic models were developed In terms of the reaction order, activation energy and frequency factor. The first reaction was found to be zero order on sodium carbonate concentration. The results also showed that the activation energy and frequency factor were functions of the colemanite concentration in the mixtures. As a result the rate was affected by the amount of colemanite used. The same was true for the second reaction except the reaction was first order. The concentrations predicted for the isothermal tests by the model were compared with the results of the isothermal study for various colemanite concentrations. Reasonable agreement was found except for the values at lower conversions, which might be due to the Increased importance of the diffusion of CO₂ from the mixtures in the case of Isothermal runs. It was also found that it is possible to obtain conversions as high as 85 percent with 40 percent colemanite in 20 minutes. Promising results were obtained from the recycle tests as well.
Applied Science, Faculty of
Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of
Graduate
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Eames, Douglas J. "Direct causticizing of sodium carbonate with manganese oxide." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/7026.

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Shaikh, Amjad A. "Conversion of sodium carbohydrate to sodium carbonate monohydrate in an inclined horizontal rotating cylinder." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.444877.

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Dickinson, Clive F. "The kinetics of glass making reactions involving sodium carbonate." Thesis, University of Salford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.271248.

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Jadon, Ankita. "Interactions between sodium carbonate aerosols and iodine fission-products." Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1R021/document.

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L’analyse de sûreté des réacteurs à neutrons rapides refroidis au sodium de Génération IV nécessite l'étude des conséquences d'un accident grave en cas de rejet dans l'environnement du sodium et des radionucléides qu'il transporte (terme source chimique et radiologique). Le terme source global dépend donc à la fois de la spéciation chimique des aérosols de sodium, issus de la combustion du sodium dans l'enceinte, et de leurs interactions avec les radionucléides. Au cours de cette thèse, les interactions entre le carbonate de sodium et les produits de fission gazeux iodés (I2 et HI) ont été étudiées aux échelles atomique et macroscopique, via une double approche théorique et expérimentale. Une expression analytique de l'isotherme d'adsorption a été développée. La stabilité relative des surfaces du carbonate de sodium a été déterminée par des calculs ab initio utilisant la théorie de la densité fonctionnelle. La réactivité de l'iode a été étudiée pour les surfaces les plus stables et les isothermes d'adsorption évaluées. En parallèle, la cinétique de capture de l'iode moléculaire par le carbonate de sodium a été déterminée expérimentalement pour différentes conditions. L'ensemble des résultats montrent une capture efficace de l'iode moléculaire par le carbonate de sodium à 373 K, variant selon la pression partielle d'iode et la surface du carbonate. Pour les conditions représentatives d'un accident grave, les sites d'adsorption de la surface de carbonate de sodium la plus favorable seront majoritairement vides ou doublement occupés selon la pression partielle d'iode moléculaire, conduisant à une pression d'équilibre inférieure à 2x10-4 bar à 373 K
The safety analysis of Generation IV sodium-cooled fast neutron reactors requires the study of the consequences of a severe accident in case of release into the environment of sodium and the radionuclides it carries (term chemical and radiological source). The global source term therefore depends on both the chemical speciation of sodium aerosols, resulting from the combustion of sodium in the containment, and their interactions with radionuclides. During this thesis, the interactions between sodium carbonate and iodinated gaseous fission products (I2 and HI) were studied at the atomic and macroscopic scales, via a combined theoretical and experimental approach. An analytical expression of the adsorption isotherm has been developed. The relative stability of the sodium carbonate surfaces was determined by ab initio calculations using density functional theory. The reactivity of iodine has been studied for the most stable surfaces and the adsorption isotherms evaluated. In parallel, the kinetics of capture of molecular iodine by sodium carbonate has been determined experimentally for different boundary conditions.The results show an effective capture of the molecular iodine by sodium carbonate at 373 K, varying according to the partial pressure of iodine and the surface of the carbonate sorbent. For the representative conditions of a severe accident, the adsorption sites of the most favorable sodium carbonate surfaces will be mostly bare or doubly occupied depending on the partial pressure of molecular iodine; leading to an equilibrium pressure of less than 2x10-4 bar at 373 K
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Al-Wohoush, Mohammad. "Selective absorption of hydrogen sulfide in aqueous sodium carbonate solutions." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=69785.

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The absorption of hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide in aqueous sodium carbonate solution was studied on a pilot scale packed column operated counter-currently under atmospheric pressure. The absorption column was 7.5 cm in diameter and 150 cm in height and packed randomly with 6 mm Intalox Saddles. It was designed to remove hydrogen sulfide from a gas mixture of 1.5% hydrogen sulfide and 15% carbon dioxide at an efficiency of 95%. Reliability of the experimental setup has been perused by investigating the residence time distribution of the gas phase in the column and by studying the absorption of carbon dioxide in water.
In the first part of the experimental work, it was found that carbonate concentration has a major effect on the absorption of hydrogen sulfide, while the absorption of carbon dioxide is affected significantly by temperature. In the second part of the experimental work, the influence of all parameters on the absorption of hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide has been investigated. Results were analyzed in terms of removal efficiencies, the overall mass transfer coefficients and the selectivity of the process for hydrogen sulfide. It was observed that hydrogen sulfide can be absorbed selectively in the presence of carbon dioxide at low operating temperatures, high carbonate concentration and high gas to liquid ratios. A removal efficiency of hydrogen sulfide of about 92% accompanied with about 17% of initial amount of carbon dioxide has been achieved. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Belhimer, E. "Stress corrosion cracking of pipeline steels and pure iron in a sodium carbonate-sodium bicarbonate solution." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.376310.

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Gagnon, Gerard R. "The Colloidal Properties and Rheological Behavior of Precipitated Calcium Carbonate Suspensions Dispersed with Sodium Polyacrylate." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2008. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/GagnonG2008.pdf.

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Akyildiz, Ugur. "Effect Of Sodium Carbonate On Carbothermic Formation Of Hexagonal Boron Nitride." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612579/index.pdf.

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Effect of Na2CO3 on formation of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) by carbothermic method has been studied by subjecting B2O3-C and Na2CO3-added B2O3-C mixtures to N2 (g) atmosphere. Na2CO3 amount in the mixtures was changed in the range of 0-40 wt. %. Time and temperature were used as experimental variables. Reaction products were analyzed by XRD and scanning electron microscope. Na2CO3 was found to increase both the amount and the particle size of h-BN similar to CaCO3 [1]. Na2CO3 was found to be less effective than CaCO3 in increasing the amount while it was more effective than CaCO3 in increasing the particle size of h-BN forming.
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Books on the topic "Sodium carbonate"

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Majmundar, Hasmukhrai H. Mineral commodity report, sodium carbonate. Sacramento, Calif: California Dept. of Conservation, Division of Mines and Geology, 1985.

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Commission, Australia Industries Assistance. Disodium carbonate (soda ash). Canberra: Australian Govt. Pub. Service, 1989.

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Majmundar, Hasmukhrai H. Mineral commodity report -- Sodium carbonate--1985: Part 1 from the U.S. Bureau of Mines publication, Mineral Commodity Summaries, 1984. Sacramento, Calif: California Dept. of Conservation, Division of Mines and Geology, 1985.

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Mbuk, M. I., H. D. Ibrahim, M. O. Omojola, E. A. Asanga, and M. Sirajo. Soda ash production in Nigeria. Garki, Abuja, [Nigeria]: Raw Materials Research and Development Council, Federal Ministry of Science and Technology, 2011.

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Dyni, John R. Sodium carbonate resources of the Green River Formation in Utah, Colorado, and Wyoming. [Denver, CO]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1997.

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Chuan jian zhi zao ji shu: Technology soda. Beijing Shi: Hua xue gong ye chu ban she, 2010.

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Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı (Turkey). Soda-Sodyum Bikarbonat Alt Komisyonu. Kimya Sektörü Özel İhtisas Komisyonu Soda-Sodyum Bikarbonat Alt Komisyon raporu. Ankara: T.C. Başbakanlık Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı, 1987.

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Kostick, Dennis S. Soda ash and sodium sulfate: A chapter from Mineral facts and problems, 1985 edition. [Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1985.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Resources. Soda Ash Royalty Reduction Act of 2004: Report (to accompany H.R. 4625). [Washington, D.C: U.S. G.P.O., 2004.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Resources. Soda Ash Royalty Reduction Act of 2004: Report (to accompany H.R. 4625). [Washington, D.C: U.S. G.P.O., 2004.

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Book chapters on the topic "Sodium carbonate"

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Gooch, Jan W. "Sodium Carbonate." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 674. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_10822.

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Bährle-Rapp, Marina. "Sodium Carbonate." In Springer Lexikon Kosmetik und Körperpflege, 507–8. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71095-0_9458.

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Bährle-Rapp, Marina. "Sodium Carbonate Peroxide." In Springer Lexikon Kosmetik und Körperpflege, 508. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71095-0_9459.

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Whittig, L. D., and P. Janitzky. "Mechanisms of Formation of Sodium Carbonate in Soils." In Selected Papers in Soil Formation and Classification, 367–78. Madison, Wisconsin, USA: Soil Science Society of America, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaspecpub1.c30.

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Kanehiro, Yoshinori, and G. Donald Sherman. "Fusion with Sodium Carbonate for Total Elemental Analysis." In Agronomy Monographs, 952–58. Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy, Soil Science Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronmonogr9.2.c12.

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Zhang, Yuanbo, Zijian Su, Zhixiong You, Bingbing Liu, Guang Yang, Guanghui Li, and Tao Jiang. "Sodium Stannate Preparation from Cassiterite Concentrate and Sodium Carbonate by Roasting under a CO/CO2Atmosphere." In Rare Metal Technology 2014, 163–69. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118888551.ch30.

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Winkelmann, J. "Diffusion of sodium carbonate (1); carbon dioxide (2); water (3)." In Gases in Gases, Liquids and their Mixtures, 2268. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-49718-9_1758.

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Stephen, J. A., C. Pace, J. M. S. Skakle, and I. R. Gibson. "Comparison of Carbonate Hydroxyapatite with and without Sodium Co-Substitution." In Key Engineering Materials, 19–22. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-422-7.19.

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Tong, Zhifang, and Yingjie Li. "Leaching Behavior of Alumina from Smelting Reduction Calcium Aluminate Slag with Sodium Carbonate Solution." In Light Metals 2017, 37–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51541-0_6.

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Ma, Dongdong, Huilan Sun, Tian Jia, and Bo Wang. "Effect of Sintering Conditions on the Stability of β-2CaO·SiO2 in High Sodium Carbonate Solution." In The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series, 17–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72284-9_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Sodium carbonate"

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"Thermal Processing of Sodium sulphate to Sodium carbonate." In Mar. 17-18, 2022 Johannesburg (South Africa). International Institute of Chemical, Biological & Environmental Engineering, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.17758/iicbe3.c0322248.

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Makhatha, Elizabeth. "LEACHING OF URANIUM FROM COAL BY ALKALINE AND MIXTURE OF SODIUM CARBONATE AND SODIUM BI-CARBONATE." In 18th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2018. Stef92 Technology, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2018/1.4/s04.014.

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Bamatov, I. М., and D. M. Bamatov. "Coating of Sodium Aluminosilicate with Sodium Sulphate and Sodium Carbonate in V-Star Reactor." In Proceedings of the International Symposium “Engineering and Earth Sciences: Applied and Fundamental Research” (ISEES 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/isees-18.2018.29.

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Samadhi, Tjokorde Walmiki. "Thermochemical analysis of laterite ore alkali roasting: Comparison of sodium carbonate, sodium sulfate, and sodium hydroxide." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1ST INTERNATIONAL PROCESS METALLURGY CONFERENCE (IPMC 2016). Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4974429.

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Zhi, Suo-Hong, Bo Zhang, Qiang Zhu, Pan-Pan Xi, Guo-Hai Chu, Guo-Jun Zhou, and Zhi-Kang Xu. "Mineralized Poly (Vinylidene Fluoride)-Based Ultrafiltration Membranes with Sodium Carbonate and Ammonium Carbonate as Carbonate Source." In 2016 International Conference on Mechanics and Materials Science (MMS2016). WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789813228177_0108.

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Ma, Junjun, Ruizhi Luo, Yaqin Wang, and Shiqing Man. "Microstructure Fabricated by Monocrystalline Silicon Anisotropic Etching in Sodium Carbonate and Sodium Bicarbonate Solutions." In 2015 International Conference on Electromechanical Control Technology and Transportation. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icectt-15.2015.109.

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Ma, Junjun, and Shiqing Man. "Surface Microstructure of Monocrystalline Silicon Anisotropically Etched with Sodium Carbonate and Sodium Bicarbonate Solutions." In 6th International Conference on Electronic, Mechanical, Information and Management Society. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/emim-16.2016.196.

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Alvani, Carlo, Mariangela Bellusci, Aurelio La Barbera, Franco Padella, Marzia Pentimalli, Luca Seralessandri, and Francesca Varsano. "Reactive Pellets for Improved Solar Hydrogen Production Based on Sodium Manganese Ferrite Thermochemical Cycle." In ASME 2008 2nd International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the Heat Transfer, Fluids Engineering, and 3rd Energy Nanotechnology Conferences. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2008-54170.

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Hydrogen production by water-splitting thermochemical cycle based on manganese ferrite /sodium carbonate reactive system is reported. Two different preparation procedures for manganese ferrite/sodium carbonate mixture were adopted and compared in terms of materials capability to cyclical hydrogen production. According to the first procedure conventionally synthesized manganese ferrite, i. e. high temperature (1250 °C) heating in Ar of carbonate/oxide precursors, was mixed with sodium carbonate. The blend was tested inside a TPD reactor using a cyclical hydrogen production/material regeneration scheme. After few cycles the mixture resulted rapidly passivated and unable to further produce hydrogen. An innovative method that avoids the high temperature synthesis of manganese ferrite is presented. This procedure consists in a set of consecutive thermal treatments of a manganese carbonate/sodium carbonate/iron oxide mixture in different environments (inert, oxidative, reducing) at temperatures not exceeding 750 °C. Such material, whose observed chemical composition consists in manganese ferrite and sodium carbonate in stoichiometric amount, is able to evolve hydrogen during 25 consecutive water-splitting cycles, with a small decrease in cyclical production efficiency.
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Zou, Yong, Liang Zhao, Gongming Xin, and Lin Cheng. "Effect of Metallic Ion on the Formation of Calcium Carbonate Fouling." In 2010 14th International Heat Transfer Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ihtc14-22312.

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Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is the most common fouling adhering on the surface of heat exchanger. But metallic ion in natural water could affect the crystalline type of calcium carbonate. In this study, the effect of sodium ion, magnesium ion and aluminum ion on crystalline type and morphology of CaCO3 were reported. The experimental results indicate that the addition of sodium ion has no obvious role for changing the crystalline type of CaCO3, only calcite was obtained and the lattice parameter of calcite has a little variation depending on the concentration of sodium ion. However, the addition of magnesium and aluminum ion prompts obviously the formation of aragonite. In order to clarify the mechanism about the effect of metallic ion on lattice stability of calcium carbonate, the energies and electronic structures for the calcite with sodium, magnesium or aluminum inclusion have been determined from first-principle calculations. The calculated results indicate magnesium and aluminum inclusion has more effects on the stability of calcite than that of sodium inclusion.
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Ren, Nan, Yu-ting Wu, and Chong-fang Ma. "Preparation and Experimental Study of Mixed Carbonates With High Maximum Using Temperature." In ASME 2012 6th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2012 10th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2012-91401.

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In order to meet the demands of future high-temperature solar thermal power generation, 37 kinds of mixed carbonate molten salts were prepared by mixing potassium carbonate, lithium carbonate, sodium carbonate in accordance with different proportions in this paper. Melting point of molten salt, as the most important basic character, is the primary parameter to select molten salt. Melting point and decomposition temperature are measured by Simultaneous Thermal Analyzer. The results show that melting points of major ternary carbonates are close at around 400°C and decomposition temperatures of most ternary carbonate are between 800 and 850°C. In accordance with energy variation, when the system is cooled from the molten state, precipitates of crystalline phases is orderly. Crystallization temperatures of some samples are much higher than their melting points. Therefore, through comparative experimental study of heating and cooling, 10 kinds of mixed carbonates with low melting point and crystallization temperature were selected primarily. Then, latent heat, density and thermal stability of these mixed salts were studied.
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Reports on the topic "Sodium carbonate"

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Imrich, K. J. Corrosion resistance of inconel 690 to sodium carbonate, calcium carbonate, and sodium meta silicate at 900 and 1100{degrees}C. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/522753.

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Ebbinghaus, B. B., O. H. Krikorian, M. G. Adamson, and D. L. Fleming. Study of cesium volatility from sodium carbonate based melts. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10154136.

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Coyle, R. T., T. M. Thomas, and P. Schissel. Corrosion of selected alloys in eutectic lithium-sodium-potassium carbonate at 900C. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6211643.

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Oji, L. N., M. L. Restivo, M. R. Duignan, and W. R. Wilmarth. Gaseous Diffusion Membrane Leaching with Select Lixiviants: Ammonium Carbonate, Sodium Phosphate and Ammonium thiosulfate. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1485269.

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Riebesell, Ulf. Comprehensive data set on ecological and biogeochemical responses of a low latitude oligotrophic ocean system to a gradient of alkalinization intensities. OceanNets, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/oceannets_d5.4.

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The potential biogeochemical and ecological impacts of ocean alkalinity enhancement were tested in a 5-weeks mesocosm experiment conducted in the subtropical, oligotrophic waters off Gran Canaria in September/October 2021. In the nine mesocosms, each with a volume of about 10 m3 inhabiting a natural plankton community, alkalinity enhancement was achieved through addition of a mix of sodium bicarbonate and sodium carbonate, simulating CO2-equilibrated alkalinization in a gradient from control up to twice the natural alkalinity. The response of the enclosed plankton community to the alkalinity addition was monitored in over 50 parameters which were sampled or measured in situ daily or every second day. In addition to the mesocosm experiment, a series of side experiments were conducted, focusing on individual aspects of mineral dissolution, secondary precipitation and biological responses at the primary producer level. This campaign, in which 47 scientists from 6 nations participated, generated the most comprehensive data set collected so far on the ecological and biogeochemical impacts of ocean alkalinity enhancement.
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Fox, K., C. M. Janten, D. M. Missimer, C. L. Crawford, H. M. Ajo, F. F. Fondeur, M. L. Crowder, and P. R. Burket. Analyses of Integrated Waste Treatment Unit (IWTU) TPR-8023 (1&2) Samples Including Simulant, Bed Products, and Wall Scale Formed during Fluidized Bed Steam Reforming of Sodium Bearing Waste into a Carbonate Form. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1513689.

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Hurlow, Hugh A., Paul C. Inkenbrandt, and Trevor H. Schlossnagle. Hydrogeology, Groundwater Chemistry, and Water Budget of Juab Valley, Eastern Juab County, Utah. Utah Geological Survey, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.34191/ss-170.

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Juab Valley is a north-south-trending basin in the eastern Basin and Range Province. Juab Valley is bounded on the east by the Wasatch normal fault and the Wasatch Range and San Pitch Mountains, bounded on the west by Long Ridge and the West Hills. Juab Valley is at the southern end of Utah’s Wasatch Front, an area of projected rapid population growth and increased groundwater use. East-west-trending surface-water, groundwater, and water-rights boundaries approximately coincide along the valley’s geographic midline at Levan Ridge, an east-west trending watershed divide that separates the north and south parts of Juab Valley. The basin includes, from north to south, the towns of Mona, Nephi, and Levan, which support local agricultural and light-industrial businesses. Groundwater use is essential to Juab Valley’s economy. The Juab Valley study area consists of surficial unconsolidated basin-fill deposits at lower elevations and various bedrock units surrounding and underlying the basin-fill deposits. Quaternary-Tertiary basin-fill deposits form Juab Valley’s primary aquifer. Tertiary volcanic rocks underlie some of the basinfill deposits and form the central part of Long Ridge on the northwest side of the valley. Paleozoic carbonate rocks that crop out in the Mount Nebo area of the Wasatch Range, which receives the greatest average annual precipitation in the study area, likely accommodate infiltration of snowmelt and subsurface groundwater flow to the basin-fill aquifer. The Jurassic Arapien Formation also crops out in the Wasatch Range and San Pitch Mountains, and dissolution of gypsum and halite in the formation and sediments derived from it increases the sulfate, sodium, and total-dissolved-solids concentrations of surface water and groundwater. We grouped the stratigraphy of the Juab Valley study area into 19 hydrostratigraphic units based on known and interpreted hydraulic properties.
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Kirby, Stefan M., J. Lucy Jordan, Janae Wallace, Nathan Payne, and Christian Hardwick. Hydrogeology and Water Budget for Goshen Valley, Utah County, Utah. Utah Geological Survey, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.34191/ss-171.

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Goshen Valley contains extensive areas of agriculture, significant wetlands, and several small municipalities, all of which rely on both groundwater and surface water. The objective of this study is to characterize the hydrogeology and groundwater conditions in Goshen Valley and calculate a water budget for the groundwater system. Based on the geologic and hydrologic data presented in this paper, we delineate three conceptual groundwater zones. Zones are delineated based on areas of shared hydrogeologic, geochemical, and potentiometric characteristics within the larger Goshen Valley. Groundwater in Goshen Valley resides primarily in the upper basin fill aquifer unit (UBFAU) and lower carbonate aquifer unit (LCAU) hydrostratigraphic units. Most wells in Goshen Valley are completed in the UBFAU, which covers much of the valley floor. The UBFAU is the upper part of the basin fill, which is generally less than 1500 feet thick in Goshen Valley. Important spring discharge at Goshen Warm Springs issues from the LCAU. Relatively impermeable volcanic rocks (VU) occur along much of the upland parts of the southern part of Goshen Valley. Large sections of the southwest part of the Goshen Valley basin boundary have limited potential for interbasin flow. Interbasin groundwater flow is likely at several locations including the Mosida Hills and northern parts of Long Ridge and Goshen Gap in areas underlain by LCAU. Depth to groundwater in Goshen Valley ranges from at or just below the land surface to greater than 400 feet. Groundwater is within 30 feet of the land surface near and north of Goshen, in areas of irrigated pastures and wetlands that extend east toward Long Ridge and Goshen Warm Springs, and to the north towards Genola. Groundwater movement is from upland parts of the study area toward the valley floor and Utah Lake. Long-term water-level change is evident across much of Goshen Valley, with the most significant decline present in conceptual zone 2 and the southern part of conceptual zone 1. The area of maximum groundwater-level decline—over 50 feet—is centered a few miles south of Elberta in conceptual zone 2. Groundwater in Goshen Valley spans a range of chemistries that include locally high total dissolved solids and elevated nitrate and arsenic concentrations and varies from calcium-bicarbonate to sodium-chloride-type waters. Overlap in chemistry exists in surface water samples from Currant Creek, the Highline Canal, and groundwater. Stable isotopes indicate that groundwater recharges from various locations that may include local recharge, from the East Tintic Mountains, or far-traveled groundwater recharged either in Cedar Valley or east of the study area along the Wasatch Range. Dissolved gas recharge temperatures support localized recharge outside of Goshen. Most groundwater samples in Goshen Valley are old, with limited evidence of recent groundwater recharge. An annual water budget based on components of recharge and discharge yields total recharge of 32,805 acre-ft/yr and total discharge of 35,750 acre-ft/yr. Most recharge is likely from interbasin flow and lesser amounts from precipitation and infiltration of surface water. Most discharge is from well water withdrawal with minor spring discharge and groundwater evapotranspiration. Water-budget components show discharge is greater than recharge by less than 3000 acreft/yr. This deficit or change in storage is manifested as longterm water-level decline in conceptual zone 2, and to a lesser degree, in conceptual zone 1. The primary driver of discharge in conceptual zone 2 is well withdrawal. Conceptual zone 3 is broadly in balance across the various sources of recharge and discharge, and up to 1830 acre-ft/yr of water may discharge from conceptual zone 3 into Utah Lake. Minimal groundwater likely flows to Utah Lake from zones 1 or 2.
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