Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Sodium dans l'organisme – Effets physiologiques'
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Grondin, Marie-Ève. "Rôle des enképhalines et des récepteurs mu opiacés dans l'appétit pour le sel." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/18343.
Full textKhemiri, Hanan. "Caractérisation des effets de l'érythropoïétine sur la sensibilité chimique à l'O2 et au CO2 chez la souris." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26058.
Full textErythropoietin (EPO) is a cytokine that plays a major role in O2 homeostasis. Upon chronic hypoxia, EPO stimulates the maturation of erythroid progenitors into red blood cells, contributing to increased O2 carrying to tissues. Besides this well-known erythropoietic effect, EPO also modulates the respiratory response to hypoxia by interacting with the central respiratory network in the brainstem and the peripheral chemoreceptors. This effect was mainly characterized in adult mutant mice that overexpress EPO. Several aspects regarding EPO’s effect on breathing regulation remain unknown. By using electrophysiological, pharmacological and plethysmographic approaches, we characterized 1) the acute effect of exogenous EPO on the respiratory network during the postnatal period, in which this system undergoes profound changes, 2) the effects of acute and chronic exogenous EPO administration and its non erythropoietic derivative carbamylated EPO (C-EPO) on ventilatory response to varying O2 levels in adult wild type mice (WT), 3) the EPO’s effect on the CO2 sensitivity at central and/or peripheral levels in adult mutant mice which overexpress EPO, the CO2 being a strong stimulus of the central respiratory network. Our results show that acute EPO treatment increases the O2 sensitivity of the central respiratory network in newborn mice in vitro. However, EPO does not impact the hypoxic ventilatory response to hypoxia in vivo, but decreases the apneic events during severe hypoxia in mice at postnatal day 7. In WT adults, chronic but not acute EPO and C-EPO treatment increases the O2 sensitivity by stimulating both the peripheral chemoreceptor and the central respiratory network. Finally, both cerebral and plasmatic EPO blunt the ventilatory response to increased CO2 levels in adult mice. Taken together, these results imply that EPO, by acting on the ventilatory system, plays a key role in the modulation of the chemical sensitivity to O2 and CO2. Thus, EPO may have a potential clinical interest in the treatment of some chronic respiratory diseases where O2 and CO2 homeostasis are altered, such as neonatal apnea or chronic mountain sickness.
Connes, Philippe. "Effets physiologiques et hématologiques de l'érythropoi͏̈étine recombinante humaine : de la réponse à l'exercice au dépistage indirect." Montpellier 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON14006.
Full textCartron, Emeline. "Résistance à l'oxydation du plasma et des LDL à la consommation de composés phénoliques naturels chez l'homme : relation avec les mécanismes impliqués dans l'athéroscléose." Montpellier 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON20175.
Full textMarty, Fabrice. "Fer, cuivre, zinc, sélénium dans l'hépatite chronique C traitée par interféron : étude comparative répondeurs/non répondeurs." Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR23020.
Full textChakir, Abderrazzak. "Etude des effets de l'exposition intermittente à l'hypoxie hypobare sur la performance du rat à l'endurance." Lyon 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO10164.
Full textMorissette, Guillaume. "Séquestration ionique et vacuolisation cellulaire : étude des mécanismes et des répercussions physiologiques et pharmacologiques." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25646/25646.pdf.
Full textMadec, Frédéric. "Étude in vitro des effets des champs magnétiques basses fréquences sur les oscillations calciques dans les îlots de Langerhans de souris." Bordeaux 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR12599.
Full textButhieau, Anne-Marie. "Etude des effets de l'intoxication par les sels de manganèse sur la biosynthèse thyroïdienne." Dijon, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986DIJOS002.
Full textSarr, Mamadou. "Modulation de la biodisponibilité du monoxyde d'azote (no) en physiopathologie vasculaire : intérêt des stocks mobilisables de no et des antioxydants naturels." Strasbourg 1, 2004. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2004/SARR_Mamadou_2004.pdf.
Full textEndothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO) is a major regulator of vascular homeostasis. It prevents platelet adhesion and aggregation, leucocyte adhesion, and smooth muscle proliferation and contraction. All major risks factors predisposing to atherosclerosis, i. E. Hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, smoking and hypertension, are associated with a decrease of endothelium-derived NO bioavailability. Multiple evidence supports a role of oxidative stress in various models of pathological vessels, including endothelial dysfunction leading to hypertension and tolerance to organic nitrates. The hypertensive response to chronic administration of angiotensin II is mediated by an upregulation of vascular NADPH oxidase resulting in an increased production of superoxide anions, which in turn degrades endothelium-derived nitric oxide. NO-donors such as nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) and plant polyphenols from red wine have been developped as valuable tools for experimental pharmacological studies for the modulation of the bioactivity of nitric oxide. The present findings demonstrate that GSNO can promote the formation of releasable NO stores in arteries displaying endothelial dysfunction induced by chronic infusion of angiotensin II and offers the possibility of targeted NO delivery and attenuation of vascular tone. Formation of NO stores by GSNO also offers a new possibility for NO delivery in arteries exhibiting tolerance to the effects of organic nitrates. Our findings also indicate that administration of red wine polyphenols effectively blunts hypertension and endothelial dysfunction induced by the infusion of angiotensin II in vivo. The protective effect is due to the dual ability of red wine polyphenols to prevent vascular oxidant stress by inhibiting NADPH oxidase expression and to induce an unaltered endothelial formation of NO in pathologic arteries. Taken together, these data indicate the potential protective effect of releasable NO stores and plant polyphenols in vascular deseases
Macrez-Lepretre, Nathalie. "Récepteurs alpha-adrenergiques et voies de transduction impliqués dans l'activation des canaux calciques et la libération du calcium intracellulaire sur les myocytes de veine porte de rat." Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR28298.
Full textNoradrenaline induces contraction of rat portal vein myocytes by activating both alpha1A- and alpha-2A-adrenoreceptors. The transduction pathway activated by alpha-1Aadrenoreceptors has been identified by measuring both intracellular calcium concentration with fluorescent dyes and inositol phosphates generation. The alpha-1A-adrenoreceptor couples to the alpha-subunit of a Gq/G11-protein which leads to a stimulation of phospholipase C activity. The subsequent hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositides produces both inositol 1, 4, 5-triphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG). IP3 is responsible for calcium release from intracellular stores. Stimulation of voltage-dependent calcium channels (measured with the patch-clamp method) is produced in response to activation of alpha-1A-adrenoreceptors through the same transduction pathway. DAG acts by increasing protein kinase C activity. However, stimulation of calcium channels is mainly dependent on activation of alpha-2A-adrenoreceptors. In this case, the transduction mechanism differs strongly from the precedent one : there is no phosphatidylinositides hydrolysis and the G-protein involved belongs to the Gi-family. Both alpha-1A-and alpha-2A-adrenoreceptor-induced stimulations of calcium channels incvolve activation of protein kinase C. At the resting membrane potential, activation of alpha-2A-adrenoreceptors promotes slow and small variations in both intracellular calcium concentration and membrane current. Similar responses are obtained with mastoparan, an activator of Gi-proteins. These responses are mediated through activation of protein kinase C which phosphorylates calcium channels. Phosphorylation would be responsible for increased opening probability of calcium channels. Contractile responses of intact strips of rat portal vein stimulated by alpha-1-or alpha-2-adrenergic agonists reveal that activation of alpha-1-adrenoreceptors may be associated with fast and transient contraction whereas activation of alpha-2-adrenoreceptors is involved in maintained contraction
Gargouri, Nadia. "Impact du brossage dentaire au fluorure de sodium chez les personnes âgées en perte d'autonomie vivant dans des centres d'accueil." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29003/29003.pdf.
Full textDeveaud, Catherine. "Etude des calciprotéines et de leur évolution au cours de la prolifération des cellules musculaires lisses d'aorte de rat en culture." Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR28187.
Full textCornille, Patrick. "Réponse des végétaux aux chocs oxydants : rôle de la péroxydation lipidique dans la signalisation cellulaire." Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20039.
Full textCantereau, Anne. "Étude, par imagerie confocale de fluorescence, de la dynamique spatio-temporelle du Ca2+ libre intracellulaire et de son évolution au cours de la différenciation des cellules musculaires squelettiques de rat in vitro." Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR28493.
Full textProcureur, Pascale. "Infections virales et radicaux libres oxygénés : intérêt du sélénium comme antioxydant." Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR2P035.
Full textʿAmāraẗ, ʿAlī. "Stress oxydatif, apoptose et auto-immunité: role du malondialdehyde et du glutathion réduit." Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR28396.
Full textVériac, Sylvie. "Ischémie du tissu nerveux oculaire et radicaux libres dérivés de l'oxygène." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20106.
Full textGaillard, Emmanuelle. "Étude des relations entre le manganèse et l'activité du système cardiovasculaire chez le rat normotendu et le rat soumis à une hypertension minéralocorticoïde DOCA-sel." Besançon, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BESAA001.
Full textGuissi, Abderrafie. "Influence des facteurs écologiques sur des populations larvaires de loup "Dicentrarchus labrax" (L. ) et de daurade "Sparus auratus" (Poissons Téléostéens) en élevage intensif." Montpellier 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON20239.
Full textPerisse, Emmmanuel. "Le calcium, un déclencheur moléculaire de la formation de la mémoire olfactive à long terme chez l'abeille : approches comportementale et transcriptomique." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/678/.
Full textLong-term memory formation is a neural process requiring synaptic modifications, gene transcription and de novo protein synthesis enabling long-term information storage. Among the different molecular actors involved in memory formation, calcium appears to play a central role. Indeed, its spatial and temporal regulation could allow calcium to play a crucial role in numerous nervous functions. Using behavioral, pharmacological and molecular approaches, this work focuses on the role of calcium and the expression of calcium-dependent genes involved in the formation of an olfactory long-term memory in the honeybee Apis mellifera. Our results revealed that 1) pharmacological buffering of intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) during an associative conditioning in multiple trials induces a specific drop of memory performance at long-term; 2) conversely, during a one trial conditioning, a pharmacologically-induced [Ca2+]i increase triggers a specific enhancement of long-term memory, which is dependent on de novo protein synthesis; 3) the analysis of the transcriptomic results (microarray and quantitative RT-PCR) suggest that calcium regulates gene expression required for long-term memory formation. This work establishes the necessary and sufficient role of calcium in the establishment of long-term memory. The [Ca2+]i level during training would be a critical key triggering various molecular pathways leading to the regulation of target genes expression and de novo protein synthesis required for the long-term storage of information
Lee, Hyunho. "Activation de la voie du monoxyde d’azote dans les cellules endothéliales par les anthocyanes du cassis : caractérisation des molécules actives et rôle des co-transporteurs sodium-glucose 1 et 2." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAJ120/document.
Full textSince last few decades, considerable data have been suggested that the protective effect of anthocyanin on cardiovascular system is likely to involve an improvement of endothelial function by increase nitric oxide (NO) formation. However, comprehensive studies on the subsequent mechanisms of protective effect by anthocyanin intracellular transportation in vascular endothelial cell is poorly understood. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the possibility that SGLT1 and 2, the two major sodium-glucose cotransporters (SGLT), contribute to blackcurrant anthocyanins and its major glucoside- and rutinoside-conjugated anthocyanins uptake into endothelial cells that promoting the subsequent activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) pathway using isolated blood vessels and cultured endothelial cells. An anthocyanin rich blackcurrant extract (BCE) induced NO-mediated endothelium dependent relaxation in porcine coronary artery rings and activated Akt-eNOS signaling pathway in cultured endothelial cell. Furthermore, additional experiments suggested that such a protective effect of anthocyanin is based on the type of glucoside in anthocyanin structure and contribution of SGLTs for the intracellular transportation of anthocyanins. An ability of anthocyanin against endothelial dysfunction is highly potentiated in the endothelial cell replicative senescence model by the increase anthocyanin efflux according to the high expression of SGLTs. Altogether, the present findings indicate that blackcurrant anthocyanins are potent activator of the endothelial NO pathway in native and cultured endothelial cells. Among blackcurrant anthocyanins, glucose derivatives such as cyanidin and delphinidin -3-O-glucoside are the most potent anthocyanins for activation of NO pathway. In conclusion, anthocyanin can be more prominent by preferentially targeting an early stage of atherosclerotic site by their increase expression of SGLT1 and 2
Sanogo, Tibogo Tiono. "Étude de l'activité des protéases dans un milieu complexe : Application au modèle caséine alpha ::(S)1-Papaine en milieu alinN." Nancy 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10416.
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