Relevant bibliographies by topics / Sodium soap

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Sodium soap'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 5 June 2025
Last updated: 15 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Sodium soap"

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Mohamoud Ali, Abdullahi, Abdolahi Mohamed Adawe, Said Rajab Abdullahi, and Mohamed Kassim Awow. "WHITENING AND COLOR IMPROVING IN TOILET SOAP MANUFACTURE WITH THE STUDY OF SOME PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES." International Journal of Advanced Research 10, no. 01 (2022): 945–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/14128.

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Soap is one of the most effectual cleaning agents in water. Soaps are prepared by the process of saponification reaction. Sodium and potassium salts soap is used for both laundry and antiseptic purposes. Toilet soap is the perfumery and cosmetic product and serves for personal hygiene, so it should have the broadest possible range of specific characteristics. This study was undertaking to address the raw material in soap and method of saponification and manufacturing usage. The study was also conducted some of the physical and chemical properties such as: (pH, Total dissolve solids (TDS), free
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Sutrisno, Sutrisno, Siti Marfu'ah, Husni Wahyu Wijaya, and Tri Prasetia Mena. "Metal soaps of virgin coconut oil: Synthesis, characterization, and its potential physicochemical sunscreen." Latin American Applied Research - An international journal 55, no. 1 (2025): 143–52. https://doi.org/10.52292/j.laar.2025.3456.

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Salts of fatty acids with metals other than sodium and potassium are known as metal soaps. Triglyceride oil is an excellent source of fatty acids. Virgin coconut oil (VCO) is a source of fatty acids, with the main content being lauric acid. This study aimed to synthesize zinc, aluminum, magnesium, and calcium soaps from VCO and test their activity as sunscreens. Metal soaps were synthesized from VCO by a double decomposition reaction through sodium-VCO (Na-VCO) soap followed by trans-saponification of Na-VCO soap with chloride salts of zinc, aluminum, magnesium, and calcium giving Zn-VCO, Al-V
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Adeyemi, Adewale Fatai. "Evaluation of Sodium and Potassium Soaps Prepared from Beeswax: Adding Value to Material." International Journal of Chemistry and Materials Research 10, no. 1 (2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.18488/64.v10i1.3076.

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This study investigated the potential of producing quality soaps from beeswax with a view to widening its applications and providing alternative to the high demanding fats and oils. Its potassium and sodium soaps were prepared by hot method and their properties examined. The FTIR spectroscopy indicated carboxylate band at 1560.46 cm−1 for both soaps, which is, however, absent in the original beeswax, showing that metal ions associated with the COO− ions in monodendate structures. The soaps have good qualities with respect to pH, foam ability, longevity, hardness, free alkali and total fatty ma
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Kubota, Koji, Akie Kakishita, Mana Okasaka, Yuka Tokunaga, and Sadaki Takata. "Effect of Alkyl Structure (Straight Chain/Branched Chain/Unsaturation) of C18 Fatty Acid Sodium Soap on Skin Barrier Function." Applied Sciences 10, no. 12 (2020): 4310. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10124310.

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Anionic surfactants are commonly used as detergents and emulsifiers. However, these compounds are potent skin irritants. In this study, we evaluated the effect of the alkyl structure of anionic surfactants on the skin barrier function using the transmission index (TI) method. The TI method is used to measure the skin penetration rate of drugs. Sodium soaps of C18 fatty acids with different structures were evaluated. Sodium laurate was used as the control. In addition, microscopic observations of the skin tissue treated with different soaps and controls were performed to study the mechanism of
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Pragati, Kushwaha. "Chemistry of Soap and its History." ENETCH 3, no. 2 (2025): 19–20. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14882571.

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Soap is a common cleaning product globally used for personal hygiene, cleaning and various other applications. From centuries, soaps is playing an essential role in human life. Additionally, ranging from basic formulations to a wide variety of products soap fulfill particular needs, like skin care, household cleaning, and industrial uses. The&nbsp;<strong>chemistry of soap</strong>&nbsp;comprises of sodium or potassium salts of&nbsp;<strong>fatty acids</strong>, having both&nbsp;<strong>hydrophilic</strong>&nbsp;(water-attracting) and&nbsp;<strong>hydrophobic</strong> (water-repelling) ends. T
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Saidvaliev, S. S., and K. X. Majidov. "GRAPHIC MODELS OF MISCELLS OF SOLUTIONS OF SODIUM SALTS OF FATTY ACIDS." TECHNICAL SCIENCES 6, no. 3 (2020): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.26739/2181-9696-2020-6-6.

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The existing scientific positions of the properties of colloidal systems consisting of low concentrated solutions of individual salts of sodium soaps are studied to construct a graphic model of mycelium of soap soaps, the projection of the cut of the micelle surface in a straight line is approximated. According to the established graphic model, it was revealed that the anions are in dynamic equilibrium with a micelle of sodium soaps
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Suci Damayanti and Nur Ermawati. "Formulasi Dan Uji Sifat Fisik Sediaan Sabun Wajah Cair Ekstrak Biji Alpukat (Persea americana M) Dengan Variasi Natrium Lauril Sulfat Sebagai Surfaktan." Jurnal Medika Nusantara 1, no. 2 (2023): 64–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.59680/medika.v1i2.275.

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Avocado seeds have antibacterial activity. These antibacterials can be used to clean the skin. Then a formulation of a liquid facial soap was made from avocado seed extract. One of the ingredients that affect the physical properties of liquid facial soap is sodium lauryl sulfate as a surfactant. Sodium lauryl sulfate as a surfactant is known to have cleaning power and can produce a stable and qualified foam. . This study aims to determine the optimal concentration of sodium lauryl sulfate to produce a liquid facial soap that is stable and meets the requirements. This type of research is experi
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Osabohien, Emmanuel, Paul N. Diagboya, and Alexander A. Odagwe. "Comparative Characterization of Soaps Prepared from Plant-sourced Alkali Solutions and Caustic Soda." Unidel Journal of Science, Technology and Innovations 1, no. 1 (2024): 1–6. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15316527.

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<strong>Abstract</strong> One of the basic ingredients of modern soap making is synthetic alkali such as caustic soda or lye (NaOH). The utilization of plant-based alkalis to make soap has been compared to the use of synthetic caustic alkalis (sodium hydroxide). Synthetic alkalis cause significant adverse effects on the environment which may be drastically reduced by using plant-based alkalis. Nigeria is an agrarian economy ranked among the first five largest producers of both plantain (<em>Musa paradisiaca</em>) and oil palm (<em>Elaeis guineensis</em>) in the world, thus generating large amo
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Handayani, Sri, Susila Kristianingrum, and Anna Rakhmawati. "Standard Quality and Antibacterial Activity Tests of Clove Oil in Solid Soap Production Against Staphylococcus Aureus, Staphylococcus Epidermidis and Escherichia Coli." Oriental Journal of Chemistry 34, no. 5 (2018): 2410–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/340524.

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This study aims to determine the quality and antibacterial activity of clove oil-solid soap production against three kinds of bacteria. Soap production was initiated by saponification reaction of olive, palm, coconut and castor oils with sodium hydroxide. Clove oil (2 and 3%) was added to the saponizing reaction as an antibacterial agent. Quality test of solid-soap was based on Indonesian National Standard (INS) 2016. The in vitro antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureusATCC 25923, Staphylococcus epidermidis FNCC 0048, and Escherichia coli ATCC 11229 in clove oil-solid soap was inv
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Wu, Chao, Suo Xia Hou, Hao Qiang Zhang, and Xiao Ming Jia. "Study and Evaluation on Dispersion of Molybdenum Disulfide in Aqueous Solution." Advanced Materials Research 750-752 (August 2013): 2175–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.750-752.2175.

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The effects of surfactants, such as sodium oleate soap, triethanolamine oleate, MOA, OP-4, had been studied for the dispersion of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) in aqueous solution. And the lubricating property of the water dispersion system had been observed by four-ball tester. The results show that sodium oleate soap, MOA and OP-4 have the excellent composite effect for the dispersion of MoS2 aqueous solution, and having a best ratio (wt%) for sodium oleate soap: MOA: OP-4 = 1: 1.8: 2.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sodium soap"

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Massey, Karen A., Anna M. Snelling, and Anna Nicolaou. "Quantitative analysis of surfactant deposits on human skin by liquid chromatography electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry." Wiley, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4574.

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no<br>Surfactants are commonly used as cleansing agents and yet there are concerns they may also have a role in skin irritation. Presently, the lack of suitable methods for quantitative and qualitative analysis of surfactant deposition on skin has hindered the in-depth investigation of such effects. Here, we report the application of reverse phase liquid chromatography electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS/MS) assays for two surfactants commonly used in consumer products, namely sodium lauryl ether sulphate (SLES) and laurylamidopropyl betaine (LAPB), to a baseline study aiming
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Döring, Barbara. "Molekulare und funktionelle Charakterisierung des humanen Sodium-dependent Organic Anion Transporters (SOAT)." Giessen VVB Laufersweiler, 2010. http://geb.uni-giessen.de/geb/volltexte/2010/7636/index.html.

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Bennien, Josefine [Verfasser]. "Der Sodium-dependent Organic Anion Transporter SOAT : Substratspektrum, genetische Varianten im Menschen und Effekte in der Soat Knockout Maus / Josefine Bennien." Gießen : Universitätsbibliothek, 2018. http://d-nb.info/116904624X/34.

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Döring, Barbara [Verfasser]. "Molekulare und funktionelle Charakterisierung des humanen Sodium-dependent Organic-Anion-Transporters (SOAT) / vorgelegt von Barbara Döring." Giessen : VVB Laufersweiler, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1006825339/34.

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Grosser, Gary [Verfasser]. "Der Sodium-dependent Organic Anion Transporter SOAT : Gewebeexpression, vergleichende funktionelle Charakterisierung und Generierung einer 3D-QSAR Pharmakophore / Gary Grosser." Gießen : Universitätsbibliothek, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1064991521/34.

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Bakhaus, Katharina [Verfasser]. "Membrantransporter für sulfatierte Steroidhormone im Hoden : die Bedeutung des Sodium-dependent Organic Anion Transporters (SOAT) im Reproduktionsgeschehen / Katharina Bakhaus." Gießen : Universitätsbibliothek, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1069065374/34.

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Funk, Kerstin. "Die Bedeutung des Sodium-dependent Organic Anion Transporters (SOAT) für den Steroidsulfattransport in der Plazenta und die Pathogenese hormonabhängiger Mammakarzinome." Giessen VVB Laufersweiler, 2009. http://d-nb.info/995994498/04.

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Hooge, Susan E. "Impact of potassium chloride on saltiness, bitterness, and other sensory characteristics in model soup systems." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/691.

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Greven, Helga Edith. "Hydrolyse und Transport sulfatierter Steroide in den Plazentomen des Rindes : Charakterisierung der Expression und der Funktionen von Steroidsulfatase (StS) und des Sodium-dependent Organic Anion Transporters (SOAT) /." Giessen : VVB Laufersweiler, 2008. http://d-nb.info/990154181/04.

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Greven, Helga Edith [Verfasser]. "Hydrolyse und Transport sulfatierter Steroide in den Plazentomen des Rindes : Charakterisierung der Expression und der Funktionen von Steroidsulfatase (StS) und des Sodium-dependent- organic-Anion-Transporters (SOAT) / eingereicht von Helga Edith Greven." Giessen : VVB Laufersweiler, 2008. http://d-nb.info/990515621/34.

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Books on the topic "Sodium soap"

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Heviz's. Cabbage Soup Diet: To Serve Low Sodium Vegetable Soup. Independently Published, 2018.

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Salas, Sage. 222 Yummy Low-Sodium Soup and Stew Recipes: Welcome to Yummy Low-Sodium Soup and Stew Cookbook. Independently Published, 2020.

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Snyder, Maria J. Oh! Top 50 Low-Sodium Soup and Stew Recipes Volume 4: Cook It Yourself with Low-Sodium Soup and Stew Cookbook! Independently Published, 2021.

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Snyder, Maria J. Oh! Top 50 Low-Sodium Soup and Stew Recipes Volume 3: A Low-Sodium Soup and Stew Cookbook You Will Need. Independently Published, 2021.

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Snyder, Maria J. Oh! Top 50 Low-Sodium Soup and Stew Recipes Volume 2: A Low-Sodium Soup and Stew Cookbook That Novice Can Cook. Independently Published, 2021.

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Snyder, Maria J. Oh! Top 50 Low-Sodium Soup and Stew Recipes Volume 1: A Low-Sodium Soup and Stew Cookbook You Won't Be Able to Put Down. Independently Published, 2021.

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Dish, Main. Hello! 195 Main Dish Soup & Stew Recipes: Best Main Dish Soup & Stew Cookbook Ever for Beginners [Italian Soup Cookbook, Low Sodium Soup Cookbook, Chili Pepper Cookbook, Tomato Soup Recipe] [Book 1]. Independently Published, 2019.

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Fowler, Michael B., Donald A. Gazzaniga, and Maureen A. Gazzaniga. No-Salt, Lowest-Sodium Light Meals Book: Delicious Soup, Salad and Sandwich Recipes to Delight Not Only Heart and Hypertension Patients but Their Doctors As Well. St. Martin's Press, 2007.

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Book chapters on the topic "Sodium soap"

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Atkins, Peter. "Zippers: Base Catalysis." In Reactions. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199695126.003.0023.

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A base, you should recall from Reaction 2, is the second hand clapping to the acid’s first. That is, whereas an acid is a proton donor, a base is its beneficiary as a proton acceptor. The paradigm base is a hydroxide ion, OH–, which can accept a proton and thereby become H2O. However, in the context of catalysis, the topic of this section, its role is rather different: instead of using its electrons to accept the proton, it uses them to behave as a nucleophile (Reaction 15), a searcher out of positive charge. Instead of forming a hydrogen–oxygen bond with an incoming proton, it sets the electronic fox among the electronic geese of a molecule by forming a new carbon–oxygen bond and thereby loosening the bonds to neighbouring atoms so that they can undergo rearrangement. The OH– ion in effect unzips the molecule and renders it open to further attack. Base catalysis has a lot of important applications. An ancient one is the production of soap from animal fat. To set that scene, I shall consider a simple model system, the ‘hydrolysis’ (severing apart by water) of the two components of an ester, 1 (the same compound I used in Reaction 17, a combination of acetic acid and ethanol), and then turn to soap-making itself. You saw in Reaction 17 how esters can be broken down into their components, a carboxylic acid and an alcohol, by an acid; here we see the analogous reaction in the presence of a base. To be specific, the reagent is a solution of sodium hydroxide, which provides the OH– ions that catalyse the reaction. We watch what happens when a solution of sodium hydroxide is added to an ester and the mixture is boiled. The O oxygen atoms of the ester have already ripened the molecule for nucleophilic attack by drawing some of the electron cloud away from the C atom to which they are both attached, leaving it with a partial positive charge, 2. The negatively charged OH– ion sniffs out that positive charge and jostles in to do its business.
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Gratzer, Walter. "Nemesis in Nancy." In Eurekas and euphorias. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192804037.003.0046.

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Abstract R. W. Wood (1868-1955), Professor of Physics at Johns Hopkins University, was a leader in his field of spectroscopy, and also a noted wit and farceur. His escapades became legendary. He would alarm the dtizens of Baltimore by spitting into puddles on wet days, while surreptitiously dropping in a lump of metallic sodium, which would explode in a jet of yellow flame. He wrote clever verses, a collection of which was published as a slim volume with the title, How to Tell the Birds from the Flowers, and is still intermittently in print. It was related that when, as a young man, Wood was staying in a rooming house in Paris, he astonished his fellow guests by sprinkling copious amounts of a white powder over the bones left on the plates after a dinner of chicken. The next night, when the soup was served, Wood brought out a small spirit burner and dropped a little of the liquid on the flame. A red flash drew a smile of satis faction: the white powder, he explained to the other diners, was lithium chloride and the red flash indicated that it was now in the soup. His suspicion that the landlady recycled the bones was thus confirmed. It must be said, however, that what was in essence the same story has also been imputed to Georg von Hevesy [112], the pioneer of radioactive tracers: he was supposed to have laced the left overs with a radioactive salt and detected the radioactivity in the soup with a Geiger counter. This is a much more sensitive test than the lithium flame, which would probably have required an unacceptable amount of the salty-tasting lithium chloride; but everyone to his own speciality. (Victor Moritz Gold schmidt, a distinguished geochemist, was reputed to have carried a capsule of potassium cyanide when he was planning his escape from Nazi Germany. When a friend in the engineering department of the university expressed interest, Goldschmidt was supposed to have replied that cyanide was for professors of chemistry; his friend, a professor of mechanics, would have to carry a rope.)
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Xaaceph Khan, Muhammad, and Abida Butt. "Evaluation of Water Quality Using Physicochemical Parameters and Aquatic Insects Diversity." In River Basin Management - Under a Changing Climate [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.108423.

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Biomonitoring studies focus on the component of biodiversity, its natural habitats, and species populations which display the ongoing variations in ecosystem and landscape. Physicochemical parameters are important water quality parameters of river water i.e., pH, temperature, turbidity, conductivity, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, total alkalinity, sulfate, nitrate, heavy metals, and phosphate. This chapter focuses on assessing water quality through Physicochemical Parameters and Aquatic Insects Diversity. The case study investigated the effect of pollutants produced by the human dwelling, agricultural and industrial activities on aquatic invertebrate communities of water of part of Soan River, Pakistan. Four sites were selected based on variation in microhabitat accessibility to examine the pollution in water. Samples were collected from these sites during spring, 2015. Water samples for physio-chemical analysis and macroinvertebrates were collected from all sites. Results showed that conductivity, dissolved oxygen, sodium, and cadmium at all sites were higher than the drinking water quality of WHO standards while potassium, chromium, and manganese were higher in concentration at most downstream sites. However, all other studied parameters were within recommended range of WHO standards. A total of 412 individuals of aquatic insects were collected from the studied sites, belonged to 6 orders and they were the most abundant in April. Total abundance was used to estimate the quality of water at the sites. Most biotic indexes showed that water was of good quality at upstream stations rather than downstream stations, while water quality index (WQI) showed fair water quality at downstream sites. This study showed that aquatic insects could be useful as bioindicators for biomonitoring of water quality along with physiochemical parameters.
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Yung, Yuk L., and William B. DeMore. "Satellites and Pluto." In Photochemistry of Planetary Atmospheres. Oxford University Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195105018.003.0009.

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The presence of an atmosphere on a small planetary body the size of the Moon is surprising. Loss of material by escape would have depleted the atmosphere over the age of the solar system. Since these objects are not large enough to possess, or to sustain for long, a molten core, continued outgassing from the interior is not expected. However, it is now known that four small bodies in the outer solar system possess substantial atmospheres: lo, Titan, Triton, and Pluto. These atmospheres range from the very tenuous on lo (of the order of a nanobar) to the very massive on Titan (of the order of a bar). The atmospheric pressures on Triton and Pluto are of the order of 10 μbar. Perhaps the most interesting questions about these atmospheres concern their unusual origin and their chemical evolution. lo is the innermost of the four Galilean satellites of Jupiter, the other three being Ganymede, Europa, and Callisto. All the Galilean moons are comparable in size, but there is no appreciable atmosphere on the other moons. The first indications that lo possesses an atmosphere came in 1974 with the discovery of sodium atoms surrounding the satellite and the detection of a well-developed ionosphere from the Pioneer 10 radio occultation experiment. The Voyager encounter in 1979 established the existence of active volcanoes as well as SOa gas. These are the only extraterrestrial active volcanoes discovered to date, and they owe their existence to a curious tidal heating mechanism associated with the 2:1 resonance between the orbits of lo and Europa.
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Conference papers on the topic "Sodium soap"

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Gallup, Darrell Lynn, Vitus Denny, and Chandrashekhar Yeshwant Khandekar. "Inhibition of Sodium Soap Emulsions, West Seno, Indonesia Field." In SPE International Conference on Oilfield Scale. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/130506-ms.

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Hiromori, Kousuke, Atsushi Takahashi, and Keisuke Katagami. "Proposal of complete utilization system of soapstock by electrolysis." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/sozh7797.

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In deacidification during vegetable oil refinery, a large amount of soapstock, mainly sodium salt of fatty acid, are generated and wasted. We propose an innovative system for the complete utilization of soapstock by Kolbe electrolysis. In conventional Kolbe electrolysis, only water-soluble carboxylic acid with short alkyl chain such as acetic acid and butyric acid are decarboxylated and dimerized to produce hydrocarbons such as ethane and butane. Although fatty acid salts have long alkyl chains, they are soluble in water, and Kolbe electrolysis can be applied to them. Soapstock will be convert
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Stenius, Per, and Jukka Heimonen. "The Effect of Coating Components and Fillers in the Deinking of Paper." In Products of Papermaking, edited by C. F. Baker. Fundamental Research Committee (FRC), Manchester, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/frc.1993.3.1707.

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The effect of titanium dioxide, kaolin, calcium carbonate and talc on the properties of foams formed by sodium oleate/sodium stearate solutions and the flotation yield of these pigments in the presence of the same soaps have been investigated. In addition, the flotation of dispersed model coatings prepared from these pigments with styrene-butadiene and polyacrylate latexes was studied. The influence of coating colour composition and flotation chemicals (including silicate) was investigated using factorial experiments. The latexes strongly increase pigment floatability, but the effects are inte
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Rajamani, Sengoda Gounder. "Innovative ecological processes with recovery of chemicals and water for reuse in leather sector - an economical and sustainable approach." In The 8th International Conference on Advanced Materials and Systems. INCDTP - Leather and Footwear Research Institute (ICPI), Bucharest, Romania, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24264/icams-2020.iii.15.

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The effluent discharged from conventional process in textile dyeing and tanneries are unable to meet some of the discharge parameters such as Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) in the existing physiochemical &amp; biological treatment units. In addition to TDS management the control of volatile solids in hazardous category sludge is also becoming a necessity. To overcome these challenges faced by tanneries in the world leather, improved cleaner production, segregation of saline soak liquor and separate treatment, modified chrome recovery system and recovery of chromium &amp; sodium chloride salt in
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