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Journal articles on the topic 'Sodium soap'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Mohamoud Ali, Abdullahi, Abdolahi Mohamed Adawe, Said Rajab Abdullahi, and Mohamed Kassim Awow. "WHITENING AND COLOR IMPROVING IN TOILET SOAP MANUFACTURE WITH THE STUDY OF SOME PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES." International Journal of Advanced Research 10, no. 01 (2022): 945–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/14128.

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Soap is one of the most effectual cleaning agents in water. Soaps are prepared by the process of saponification reaction. Sodium and potassium salts soap is used for both laundry and antiseptic purposes. Toilet soap is the perfumery and cosmetic product and serves for personal hygiene, so it should have the broadest possible range of specific characteristics. This study was undertaking to address the raw material in soap and method of saponification and manufacturing usage. The study was also conducted some of the physical and chemical properties such as: (pH, Total dissolve solids (TDS), free

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Sutrisno, Sutrisno, Siti Marfu'ah, Husni Wahyu Wijaya, and Tri Prasetia Mena. "Metal soaps of virgin coconut oil: Synthesis, characterization, and its potential physicochemical sunscreen." Latin American Applied Research - An international journal 55, no. 1 (2025): 143–52. https://doi.org/10.52292/j.laar.2025.3456.

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Salts of fatty acids with metals other than sodium and potassium are known as metal soaps. Triglyceride oil is an excellent source of fatty acids. Virgin coconut oil (VCO) is a source of fatty acids, with the main content being lauric acid. This study aimed to synthesize zinc, aluminum, magnesium, and calcium soaps from VCO and test their activity as sunscreens. Metal soaps were synthesized from VCO by a double decomposition reaction through sodium-VCO (Na-VCO) soap followed by trans-saponification of Na-VCO soap with chloride salts of zinc, aluminum, magnesium, and calcium giving Zn-VCO, Al-V

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3

Adeyemi, Adewale Fatai. "Evaluation of Sodium and Potassium Soaps Prepared from Beeswax: Adding Value to Material." International Journal of Chemistry and Materials Research 10, no. 1 (2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.18488/64.v10i1.3076.

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This study investigated the potential of producing quality soaps from beeswax with a view to widening its applications and providing alternative to the high demanding fats and oils. Its potassium and sodium soaps were prepared by hot method and their properties examined. The FTIR spectroscopy indicated carboxylate band at 1560.46 cm−1 for both soaps, which is, however, absent in the original beeswax, showing that metal ions associated with the COO− ions in monodendate structures. The soaps have good qualities with respect to pH, foam ability, longevity, hardness, free alkali and total fatty ma

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Kubota, Koji, Akie Kakishita, Mana Okasaka, Yuka Tokunaga, and Sadaki Takata. "Effect of Alkyl Structure (Straight Chain/Branched Chain/Unsaturation) of C18 Fatty Acid Sodium Soap on Skin Barrier Function." Applied Sciences 10, no. 12 (2020): 4310. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10124310.

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Anionic surfactants are commonly used as detergents and emulsifiers. However, these compounds are potent skin irritants. In this study, we evaluated the effect of the alkyl structure of anionic surfactants on the skin barrier function using the transmission index (TI) method. The TI method is used to measure the skin penetration rate of drugs. Sodium soaps of C18 fatty acids with different structures were evaluated. Sodium laurate was used as the control. In addition, microscopic observations of the skin tissue treated with different soaps and controls were performed to study the mechanism of

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Pragati, Kushwaha. "Chemistry of Soap and its History." ENETCH 3, no. 2 (2025): 19–20. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14882571.

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Soap is a common cleaning product globally used for personal hygiene, cleaning and various other applications. From centuries, soaps is playing an essential role in human life. Additionally, ranging from basic formulations to a wide variety of products soap fulfill particular needs, like skin care, household cleaning, and industrial uses. The <strong>chemistry of soap</strong> comprises of sodium or potassium salts of <strong>fatty acids</strong>, having both <strong>hydrophilic</strong> (water-attracting) and <strong>hydrophobic</strong> (water-repelling) ends. T

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6

Saidvaliev, S. S., and K. X. Majidov. "GRAPHIC MODELS OF MISCELLS OF SOLUTIONS OF SODIUM SALTS OF FATTY ACIDS." TECHNICAL SCIENCES 6, no. 3 (2020): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.26739/2181-9696-2020-6-6.

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The existing scientific positions of the properties of colloidal systems consisting of low concentrated solutions of individual salts of sodium soaps are studied to construct a graphic model of mycelium of soap soaps, the projection of the cut of the micelle surface in a straight line is approximated. According to the established graphic model, it was revealed that the anions are in dynamic equilibrium with a micelle of sodium soaps

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7

Suci Damayanti and Nur Ermawati. "Formulasi Dan Uji Sifat Fisik Sediaan Sabun Wajah Cair Ekstrak Biji Alpukat (Persea americana M) Dengan Variasi Natrium Lauril Sulfat Sebagai Surfaktan." Jurnal Medika Nusantara 1, no. 2 (2023): 64–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.59680/medika.v1i2.275.

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Avocado seeds have antibacterial activity. These antibacterials can be used to clean the skin. Then a formulation of a liquid facial soap was made from avocado seed extract. One of the ingredients that affect the physical properties of liquid facial soap is sodium lauryl sulfate as a surfactant. Sodium lauryl sulfate as a surfactant is known to have cleaning power and can produce a stable and qualified foam. . This study aims to determine the optimal concentration of sodium lauryl sulfate to produce a liquid facial soap that is stable and meets the requirements. This type of research is experi

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8

Osabohien, Emmanuel, Paul N. Diagboya, and Alexander A. Odagwe. "Comparative Characterization of Soaps Prepared from Plant-sourced Alkali Solutions and Caustic Soda." Unidel Journal of Science, Technology and Innovations 1, no. 1 (2024): 1–6. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15316527.

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<strong>Abstract</strong> One of the basic ingredients of modern soap making is synthetic alkali such as caustic soda or lye (NaOH). The utilization of plant-based alkalis to make soap has been compared to the use of synthetic caustic alkalis (sodium hydroxide). Synthetic alkalis cause significant adverse effects on the environment which may be drastically reduced by using plant-based alkalis. Nigeria is an agrarian economy ranked among the first five largest producers of both plantain (<em>Musa paradisiaca</em>) and oil palm (<em>Elaeis guineensis</em>) in the world, thus generating large amo

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Handayani, Sri, Susila Kristianingrum, and Anna Rakhmawati. "Standard Quality and Antibacterial Activity Tests of Clove Oil in Solid Soap Production Against Staphylococcus Aureus, Staphylococcus Epidermidis and Escherichia Coli." Oriental Journal of Chemistry 34, no. 5 (2018): 2410–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/340524.

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This study aims to determine the quality and antibacterial activity of clove oil-solid soap production against three kinds of bacteria. Soap production was initiated by saponification reaction of olive, palm, coconut and castor oils with sodium hydroxide. Clove oil (2 and 3%) was added to the saponizing reaction as an antibacterial agent. Quality test of solid-soap was based on Indonesian National Standard (INS) 2016. The in vitro antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureusATCC 25923, Staphylococcus epidermidis FNCC 0048, and Escherichia coli ATCC 11229 in clove oil-solid soap was inv

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Wu, Chao, Suo Xia Hou, Hao Qiang Zhang, and Xiao Ming Jia. "Study and Evaluation on Dispersion of Molybdenum Disulfide in Aqueous Solution." Advanced Materials Research 750-752 (August 2013): 2175–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.750-752.2175.

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The effects of surfactants, such as sodium oleate soap, triethanolamine oleate, MOA, OP-4, had been studied for the dispersion of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) in aqueous solution. And the lubricating property of the water dispersion system had been observed by four-ball tester. The results show that sodium oleate soap, MOA and OP-4 have the excellent composite effect for the dispersion of MoS2 aqueous solution, and having a best ratio (wt%) for sodium oleate soap: MOA: OP-4 = 1: 1.8: 2.

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Indirani, C., K. Meenambika, D. Indhumathy, and V. S. Kavinkumar. "Preparation of soap using a steam extraction process from leaves of Azadirachta indica, Ocimum basilicum, Hibiscus-rosa-sinensis Flowers, Acalypha indica, and Aloe barbadensis Leaflets." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1057, no. 1 (2022): 012007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1057/1/012007.

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Abstract Soaps are used widely by humans in many aspects. Exclusively, the emergence of the SARS-Cov-2 virus made people wash their hands frequently to disinfect the virus to prevent virus infection. Soaps made of herbals possess constituents that goodness the skin as well to rejuvenate the mind and body factors. Dried leaves of Basil, Neem and Acalypha Indica, Aloe vera, and Hibiscus flower are used here to prepare homemade soap. The steam distillation process is an imperative process by which the oils are used from raw materials like dried leaves for the preparation of soaps. Extracts obtain

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Uduma, Uduma A., Simeon Terkuma Orverem, and Maria B. Uduma. "Production and Analysis of Laundry Soaps from Blended Oils." Journal of Science Research and Reviews 2, no. 2 (2025): 1–7. https://doi.org/10.70882/josrar.2025.v2i2.63.

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Stearic acids or any other fatty acids' sodium or potassium salts are what soaps are. The saponification method, which involves reacting triglyceride-containing oil with caustic soda (NaOH) to produce soap, is how they are made. However, the fatty acid makeup of various oils varies, which accounts for the various qualities of the soaps that are created from them. The aim of this study is to produce and analyze laundry soaps made from blended oils. Four different kinds of oils were used in this study. Four distinct soap samples were created by blending them in varying proportions. To determine

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Kanyama, Takahide, Akihiro Masunaga, Takayoshi Kawahara, Hayato Morita, and Sadanori Akita. "Natural soap is clinically effective and less toxic and more biodegradable in aquatic organisms and human skin cells than synthetic detergents." PLOS One 20, no. 6 (2025): e0324842. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0324842.

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In the era of COVID-19, concerns about and consumption of soaps and detergents have increased. The environmental effects, along with their direct impacts on the human body, are being simultaneously considered to ensure safety and support healthy living. Natural soap compounds are considered readily biodegradable and unlikely to produce hazardous waste, while artificial detergents are composed of synthetic surfactants, plasticizers, binders, and additives. This study aimed to investigate representative natural soap compounds consisting of fatty acid salts and compare them with synthetic deterge

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M., Swetha, Abutaher Muskaan, Naman, Suman Choudhary D., and Rama Rao T. "A Review on Formulation and Evaluation of Polyherbal Soap for Anti-Acne Activity." International Journal for Research Trends and Innovation 9, no. 3 (2024): 23–32. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11298298.

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Natural fatty acids react with sodium or potassium ions to produce soap, a common cleaning solution. Water has a cleansing effect because it bonds to the carboxylic group, while the negative ions in the hydrocarbon chain draw oil and grease. Diverse kinds of soaps are available to meet diverse demands. These include synthetic soaps created through chemical processes and natural soaps prepared from just natural materials. There are also Syndet bars, which contain a mixture of synthetic detergents. To guarantee proper use, it is important to recognize these differences. For example, dish soap sh

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Uduma, Uduma A., Gowon A. Jacob, Abubakar Hussaini, Sani Suleiman, and Maria B. Uduma. "Formulation and Characterization of Black Medicated Soap using Waste Agricultural Products with Blended Oils." Journal of Science Research and Reviews 2, no. 2 (2025): 53–62. https://doi.org/10.70882/josrar.2025.v2i2.66.

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The saponification technique, which involves reacting triglyceride-containing oil/fat with caustic soda (NaOH) are used to formulate soaps. However, the fatty acid makeup of various oils varies, which accounts for the various qualities of the soaps made from them. The X-ray fluorescence examination performed on the agricultural wastes ashes revealed the existence of potassium oxide (K2O) and sodium oxide (Na2O) as the primary components in the ashes. The plantain peel, cocoa pod, and palm tree bunch ashes were also analyzed using a flame photometer, and the results showed that the K: Na ratio

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16

Shashank, Tiwari1 Sadhana Singh*2 Amisha Kumari3 Abhay Rajvanshi4 Vandana Sharma4. "Formulation And Evaluation Of Ficus Religiosa Herbal Soap." International Journal in Pharmaceutical Sciences 2, no. 9 (2024): 374–85. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13731677.

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The majority of commercial soaps contain chemicals and synthetic components that can be unpleasant or harmful to the skin. Human skin requires specialized therapy for healing, enhanced skin tone, and the look of radiant health.Another potential approach is to use natural herbal soaps. Our study's objective was to create herbal hygienic soap using an antibacterial ingredient and the cold process technology. Herbal soap was prepared using Shikekai, Lemon oil, neem, Ethanol, Glycerin, Steric acid, Soft Paraffin, Ficus religiosa (Active ingredient),and NaOH (lye) and different extracts were includ

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A., A. P. Gondane* S. R. Pakhidde S. R. Ganvir T. C. Bisen D. R. Chourasia. "Design And Characterization Of Polyherbal Single Use Soap For It's Antibacterial Activity." International Journal in Pharmaceutical Sciences 2, no. 4 (2024): 1020–32. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11062953.

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Hand washing with soap is important because it is proven to clean hands from germs and bacteria and chemicals which can cause personal harm or disease. This is an essential habit for the general population as well as for those who handle food or work in the medical industry. In response to this concern, we formulated the antibacterial Polyherbal Paper soap with combination of Azadirachta indica, Ocimum tenuiflorum, Curcuma longa, Aloe barbadensis and evaluate their parameter like physicochemical, pH, foam height, form retention, total fatty matter, anti-bacterial. Based on these tests, F2 soap

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18

Cahyaningsih, Devita, Nina Ariesta, and Rizki Amelia. "PENGUJIAN PARAMETER FISIK SABUN MANDI CAIR DARI SURFAKTAN SODIUM LAURETH SULFATE (SLES)." JURNAL SAINS NATURAL 6, no. 1 (2019): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.31938/jsn.v6i1.250.

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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF LIQUID SHOWER SOAP CONTAINED OF SODIUM LAURETH SULFATE (SLES) SURFACTANTSoap could be produced by saponification and neutralization process. It was contained of fatty acid, KOH, glycerin, and surfactan. The properties of surfactant determined physical properties of soap as the quality parameter of soap. The study was conducted to examine some of the physical parameters of liquid bath soap (stability test: color, aroma, viscosity, homogeneity, viscosity and pH) in accordance with applicable standards. The study was conducted using soap which was contained of SLES surfacta

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Betsy, K. J., Mary Jilu, Reshma Fathima, and Jaya T. Varkey. "Determination of Alkali Content & Total Fatty Matter in Cleansing Agents." Asian Journal of Science and Applied Technology 2, no. 1 (2021): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/ajsat-2013.2.1.755.

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Cleaning products play an essential role in our daily lives. By safely and effectively removing soil, germs and other contaminants, they help us to stay healthy, care for our homes and possessions, and make our surrounding more pleasant. Soap is a mixture of sodium salt of various naturally occurring fatty acids. Total alkali and fatty matter contents are the most important characteristics describing the quality of soap and it is always specified in commercial transactions. The main objective of the study is to determine the total alkali content and total fatty matter content of some commonly

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Shi, Yuhang, Nan Nan, Baoxu Song, et al. "Investigation of Appropriate Collector Selection for Hematite Removal from Pyrolusite and the Adsorption Mechanism on the Crystal Surface." Minerals 14, no. 12 (2024): 1300. https://doi.org/10.3390/min14121300.

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This study examined the appropriate hematite (Fe2O3) collector for the concentration of pyrolusite (MnO2) in a reverse flotation. Actual ore flotation studies were performed to determine how sodium oleate, sodium dodecyl sulfonate, and oxidized paraffin soap affect hematite removal during reverse flotation of pyrolusite ore. In order to explore the flotation mechanism, simulation experiments were carried out. Firstly, the crystal models of pyrolusite and hematite were established. Then, in order to verify the reliability of the simulation results, the simulated XRD spectra of the crystal model

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Alum, Benedict Nnachi. "Saponification Process and Soap Chemistry." INOSR APPLIED SCIENCES 12, no. 2 (2024): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.59298/inosras/2024/12.2.515600.

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Saponification is the process of converting fats or oils into glycerol and soap by reacting with alkalis such as potassium or sodium hydroxide. This process is crucial for understanding the chemical makeup of soap and its applications. This review article focuses on the product's historical and modern applications while providing a thorough understanding of the chemistry and saponification process. This article explains the process of saponification, which turns natural fats or oils into soap and glycerol by using an alkali like KOH or NaOH. We explain the steps involved in saponification, whi

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Sri Handayani, Susila Kristianingrum, Anna Rakhmawati, and Melati Khairuddean. "Formulation and Antifungal Activities of Syzygium Aromaticum Essential Oil Contained in Natural Bath Soap." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, SPL4 (2020): 1663–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl4.4354.

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Syzygium aromaticum essential oil (clove oil) has a promising potential as an antifungal. However, the potential has never been applied in bath soaps. This study aimed to produce an antifungal natural soap using clove oil as the additive. Natural bath soap containing clove oil was made through a cold saponification reaction of vegetable oils, sodium hydroxide, and various contents of clove oil (1, 2, and 3% w/w) as an antifungal agent. The soap quality was tested based on Indonesian National Standards (INS), including water content, total fat, insoluble matters in ethanol, free alkali, and uns

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Idoko Owoicho. "Quality evaluation of soaps produced from neem seed oil and shea-butter oil." World Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology and Sciences 2, no. 1 (2021): 045–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjaets.2021.2.1.0016.

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Soap is sodium or potassium salt of fatty acid produced by saponification reaction using sodium or potassium hydroxide. It is used for cleaning, bathing, and washing. Soaps were produced from neem seed oil and sheabutter oil using the cold process method with slight modification. The physicochemical properties (acid value, saponification value, peroxide value, iodine value and moisture content) of the oil were determined and it showed that the values are within the standard specifications. The quality of the soaps were also assessed by determining the physicochemical properties such as; free c

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Mr., J. Asokan, Gobisha S., Haritha T., and P. Thivyapriya K. "Preparation and Control of Chemical Filling Station by using DCS." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development 4, no. 2 (2020): 1134–36. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3855057.

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Here, we are monitoring, controlling and maintaining the chemical filling station by using DCS automation. Distributed control system is an embedded system which is a combination of hardware and software used for control operations. Each chemical has different method of packing. Some chemicals should be handled more carefully. Each and every chemical undergoes number of process one by one to obtain the resultant product. Here we are using sodium soap as chemical solids. This sodium soap is used in De inking process in paper industries for removing the ink from the recycling paper, where sodium

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Rusdi, Hanumi Oktiyani, Surjani Wonorahardjo, Irma Kartika Kusumaningrum, et al. "Characterization of Organic Soap Synthesized from Samia cynthia ricini Cocoon Extract and Its Antibacterial Potential." JURNAL SAINS NATURAL 14, no. 3 (2024): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.31938/jsn.v14i3.725.

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In a modern era that increasingly values health and sustainability, the demand for natural and environmentally friendly personal care products continues to grow. One response to this trend is the development of organic soaps produced from various natural ingredients. In this study, organic soap using Samia cynthia ricini silkworm cocoon extract has been synthesized. This study aims to assess the quality of organic soap synthesized from silk cocoon extract based on the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) quality criteria and its antibacterial potential. Silk cocoon soap is made from a mixture of

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Martihandini, Nooryza, Diani Putria Angelica, and Shandra Isasi Sutiswa. "LIQUID SOAP FORMULATION FROM ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF CASSAVA LEAVES (Manihot esculenta Crantz) WITH COCAMIDE DEA AS SURFACTANT." Medical Sains : Jurnal Ilmiah Kefarmasian 9, no. 1 (2024): 215–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.37874/ms.v9i1.912.

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The ethanol extract of cassava leaves contains various secondary metabolites that have antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Shigella sp., and thus can be used as active ingredients in liquid soap preparation. Liquid soap formulations generally use sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) as a surfactant, which can cause irritation and skin dryness. This study aimed to formulate an ethanol extract from cassava leaves into a liquid soap preparation using cocamide DEA as a surfactant to reduce skin irritation. The study was conducted in an experimental laboratory. Cassav

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Chairattanamanokorn, Prapaipid, Tsuyoshi Imai, Gede Adi Wiguna Sudiartha, et al. "Evaluating the impact of replacing synthetic detergents with fatty acids made soap on microbial dynamics and wastewater treatment efficiency." Environmental Engineering Research 30, no. 3 (2024): 240327–0. https://doi.org/10.4491/eer.2024.327.

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Synthetic detergent contains linear alkyl sulfonate (LAS) that presents a greater environmental risk compared to other contaminants. There has been an interest in replacing synthetic detergent with a more biodegradable detergent made from a mixture of sodium and potassium fatty acid. The present study conducted a field experiment by replacing the usage of detergent with soap (a combination of sodium and potassium fatty acid) in two household areas to evaluate the divergent effect of detergent and soap on the microbiome of the activated sludge process for sewage treatment. Results indicated tha

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Hartati, Nina, Melantina Oktriyanti, and Erika Dwi Oktaviani. "F FORMULASI SABUN PADAT TRANSPARAN DENGAN PENAMBAHAN EKSTRAK BUNGA TELANG (Clitoria ternatea)." JEDCHEM (JOURNAL EDUCATION AND CHEMISTRY) 5, no. 2 (2023): 100–106. https://doi.org/10.36378/jedchem.v5i2.3238.

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Soap is one of the commodities of the beauty and medical sectors that have been utilized in daily life to purify the grime that adheres to the skin. Bath soap is categorized into two types, namely liquid and solid soap. Solid soap is comprised of 3 kinds, specifically cloudy, translucent, and transparant soap. Transparant solid soap is an innovation in beauty and body cleansing products that enhances the attractiveness of soap products with its translucence, softer lather, and shinier appearance compared to other types of solid soap. The primary ingredient used in this research for soap produc

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Idoko Owoicho. "Quality assessment of soaps produced from bleached palm oil and Moringa oleifera seed oil." Global Journal of Engineering and Technology Advances 7, no. 1 (2021): 01–05. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gjeta.2021.7.1.0048.

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Soap is sodium or potassium salt of fatty acid produced by saponification reaction using sodium or potassium hydroxide. It is used for cleaning, bathing, and washing. Soaps were produced from bleached palm oil (BPO) and Moringa oleifera seed oil using the cold process method with slight modification. The physicochemical properties (acid value, saponification value, peroxide value, iodine value and moisture content) of the oil were determined and it showed that the values are within the standard specifications. The quality of the soaps were also assessed by determining the physicochemical prope

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Lynch, Matthew L., Yong Pan, and Robert G. Laughlin. "Spectroscopic and Thermal Characterization of 1:2 Sodium Soap/Fatty Acid Acid−Soap Crystals." Journal of Physical Chemistry 100, no. 1 (1996): 357–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp952124h.

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Handayani, Sri, Nurul Hidayati, and Rian Aprilianti. "FORMULASI SABUN MANDI CAIR EKSTRAK KULIT JERUK MANIS VARIETAS SIAM (Citrus sinensis L.) DENGAN VARIASI KONSENTRASI SURFAKTAN SODIUM LAURIL SULFAT." CERATA Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi 9, no. 2 (2018): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.61902/cerata.v9i2.86.

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Citrus sinensis L. skin is a high-value waste because it contains vitamin C. The Citrus sinensis L. skin of siam varieties is formulated into liquid soap using sodium lauryl sulfate which acts as a surfactant and as a good foaming agent. The aims of this study are to determine the effect of variations in the concentration of sodium lauryl sulfate surfactant on the quality control test for liquid bath soap. The type of research used is experimental research. This research uses the extract of conjoined sweet orange peel obtained by maceration for 6 days using 70% ethanol solvent and maceration r

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Suryadi, Joko, and Eko Andrijanto. "Pengaruh Penambahan Sodium Lauryl Sulfat terhadap Karakteristik Sabun Padat pada Mata Kuliah Praktikum Analitik Proses." Jurnal Pengelolaan Laboratorium Pendidikan 6, no. 1 (2024): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jplp.6.1.24-33.

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Solid soap as a result from process analysis practicum can be produced using with hot process method using raw material of palm oil and a strong base in the form of NaOH. The aim of this research is that apart from fostering student inquiry regarding the soap making process, they are also able to analyze the parameters of solid soap over a certain period based on variations in the amount of added surfactant. The methods used in practicum activities are dividing practicum groups, making solid soap, and collecting practicum reports. In the activity of making solid soap, the concentration of sodi

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Idoko, Owoicho. "Quality assessment of soaps produced from bleached palm oil and Moringa oleifera seed oil." Global Journal of Engineering and Technology Advances 7, no. 1 (2021): 01–05. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4717309.

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Soap is sodium or potassium salt of fatty acid produced by saponification reaction using sodium or potassium hydroxide. It is used for cleaning, bathing, and washing. Soaps were produced from bleached palm oil (BPO) and <em>Moringa oleifera  </em> seed oil using the cold process method with slight modification. The physicochemical properties (acid value, saponification value, peroxide value, iodine value and moisture content) of the oil were determined and it showed that the values are within the standard specifications.  The quality of the soaps were also assessed by

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Rohit, D. Marodkar, P. Adhau Anushri, and Pardeshi (Gahalod) Dr.Madhuri. "Anti-blemishing Soap with Ylang Ylang oil." International Journal of Advance Study and Research Work 4, no. 2 (2021): 27–31. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4564330.

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<strong><em>The marketing of face cleanser in the form of solid called soap. Anti-Blemishing soap is water-soluble sodium salts of fatty acids. Advantageous over a simple bar soap-Blend of fixed oils, waxes, and butter using on the face can remove natural oils from the skin that form a barrier against water loss seborrhea. It helps in maintaining the excessive oil secretion of the sebum from the sebaceous gland.</em></strong>

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Widiani, Nurhaida, Aulia Novitasari, Ovi Prasetya Winandari, and Dwijowati Asih Saputri. "Formulation and Antibacterial Activity Testing of Eco-Soap Based on Sodium Lauryl Sulfate Surfactant." Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry 13, no. 1 (2024): 121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/biomedich.2024.131.121-125.

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Pineapple is a fruit that is often used only for its flesh, while the skin remains waste. As a form of dealing with pineapple waste, one way is to use it as an eco-enzyme. Making soap with added eco-enzyme can be used as an alternative for washing dishes. Therefore, this research aims to determine the formulation and test the antibacterial activity of eco-soap based on the surfactant Sodium Lauryl Sulphate. This research is experimental research, which was carried out in July-October 2023. The research results showed that the pH of eco-Soap was 3.46; foam height 1.5 cm; viscosity testing 14.9

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Ngan, Tran Thi Kim, Tran Thien Hien, Le Thi Hong Nhan, and Xuan Tien Le. "Formulation of Face-Wash from Coconut (Cocos nucifera (L.)) Oil in Ben Tre Province, Vietnam." Key Engineering Materials 882 (April 2021): 183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.882.183.

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Today, the need for human care and beauty is increasing. The use of personal care products, especially those from nature, has been given special attention by consumers. With diverse features and good effects on the human body, especially the skin, coconut oil is being cared for by many manufacturers. With the aim of diversifying personal care products from coconut oil, this research has initially achieved positive results. Soap saponified as raw soap is considered to have good cleaning effect (better than sodium lauryl sulfate solution (SLS) when diluted to the same concentration). The combina

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Ulfa, Elis Diana, Siti Syamsiah, Hajar Anuar, and Carmila Nur Afriliani. "PEMBUATAN SABUN PADAT EKSTRAK DAUN SUNGKAI (Peronema canescens Jack) SEBAGAI ANTIBAKTERI TERHADAP Staphylococcus aureus." JURNAL TEKNIK KIMIA VOKASIONAL (JIMSI) 3, no. 1 (2023): 28–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.46964/jimsi.v3i1.366.

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Soap is a mixture of sodium compounds with fatty acids that are used as body cleaning agents, in solid form, foam, or without additives. Solid soaps on the market have the color, shape, aroma and additives needed by the skin as well as active ingredients that are able to reduce pathogenic microorganisms on the skin. Antibacterial active ingredients against Staphylococcus aureus can be obtained from sungkai leaf extract (Peronema canescens Jack) because it contains chemical compounds such as alkaloids, steroids, terpenoids, flavonoids, tannins and saponins. This study aims to determine the phys

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Abou-Elela, Sohair I., and F. Zaher. "Pollution prevention in the oil and soap industry: a case study." Water Science and Technology 38, no. 4-5 (1998): 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0604.

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Industrial audit of a complex oil and soap factory has been carried out. The factory produces edible oils, fatty acids, soap, crude, industrial and pharmaceutical glycerin, powdered detergents, animal fodder, sodium and potassium silicates, sodium hypochlorite and hypochloric acid. The audit shows that there were a wide range of pollution prevention opportunities which could be implemented with significant financial advantages for the factory as well as reducing environmental pollution. Cost benefits for the recommended environmental improvements have been estimated. Many of the improvements h

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Jothy Andini, Lutfia Jamlika Laduni, and Anindya Utami Siamsasi. "Formulasi Sabun Susu Antibakteri Dari Daun Kelor (Moringa Oleifera Lam) dan Minyak Cengkih." Al-Hayat: Natural Sciences, Health & Environment Journal 2, no. 2 (2024): 193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.47467/alhayat.v2i2.3980.

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Skin is the outermost part of the human body which functions to protect the inner body from external disturbances such as protecting the body from attacks by bacteria, fungi, disease germs and sunlight. Therefore, skin cleanser is needed as protection, namely bath soap. Bath soap can be divided into two types, namely solid soap and liquid soap. Solid soap is soap made using Potassium Hydroxide (KOH) while liquid soap is made by reacting Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH). Add fillers in the form of Moringa leaf extract and clove oil to the soap making process as antibacterial ingredients. The flavonoid a

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Zayed, Leila, Natalia Gablo, Ludmila Kalcakova, et al. "Utilizing Used Cooking Oil and Organic Waste: A Sustainable Approach to Soap Production." Processes 12, no. 6 (2024): 1279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr12061279.

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This research examined the potential for utilizing waste materials generated during the production of dishes/meals and organic waste. Specifically, it evaluated the use of orange peel (OP), spent coffee grounds (SCG), and waste cooking oil in the production of soaps. For the purposes of this study, homemade soaps were made from used food oils using the cold saponification method using sodium hydroxide. During the soap preparation, spent coffee grounds and orange peel were added to the samples in increasing concentrations of 1%, 2.5%, and 5%. The quality of the individual types of homemade soap

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Asiah Wasillah, Almaghfiroh Almaghfiroh, Aulia Putri, et al. "Peningkatan Keterampilan Pengolahan Sabun Cuci Piring Sederhana Untuk Masyarakat Di Desa Rambah Baru." Perigel: Jurnal Penyuluhan Masyarakat Indonesia 2, no. 3 (2023): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.56444/perigel.v2i3.1069.

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Dishwashing soap is a cleaning product that has become a part of everyday life. With the growth of the population and changes in lifestyle, the demand for dishwashing soap continues to rise. This soap plays a crucial role in maintaining cleanliness, which is currently a vital aspect of health. Every homemaker relies on dishwashing soap to clean their kitchen utensils. The purpose of this initiative is to provide training to the local community in the Rambah Baru Village on how to make simple dishwashing soap. During this training, the direct production of liquid dishwashing soap is carried out

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Oktriyanti, Melantina, Erika Dwi Oktaviani, Nina Hartati, Sofiah Sofiah, and Shella Dwitasari. "ANALISIS KUALITAS SABUN PENCUCI TANGAN CAIR DARI EKSTRAK DAUN KEMANGI (Ocymum basilicum L.) SEBAGAI ANTIBAKTERI ALAMI." JEDCHEM (JOURNAL EDUCATION AND CHEMISTRY) 5, no. 2 (2023): 107–15. https://doi.org/10.36378/jedchem.v5i2.3237.

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Hand soap is one of the means to clean hands from dirt, germs and other things that make hands dirty. To kill bacteria, some hand soaps contain active substances that can have a negative effect on humans who have sensitive skin, which can cause irritation. Some synthetic active ingredients that are harmful to human skin health are diethanolamine (DEA), Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS), and triclosan which functions as an antibacterial. This study aims to obtain the composition of basil leaf extract with the right maceration time as an antibacterial and can produce liquid hand soap products that are

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Loncar, Eva, Gizela Lomic, Radomir Malbasa, and Ljiljana Kolarov. "Preparation and characterization of aluminum stearate." Acta Periodica Technologica, no. 34 (2003): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/apt0334055l.

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Preparation of aluminum stearate by the precipitation method was examined under various conditions of stearic acid saponification with sodium hydroxide. It was proved that the most favorable ratio of acid/alkali was 1:1.5 and that the obtained soap was very similar to the commercial product. Endothermic effects determined by differential scanning calorimetry and also the other parameters showed that the soaps consisted mono-, di-, tristearates and non-reacted substances, where distearate was the dominant form.

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Sahaq, Anang Baharuddin, Resi Levi Permadani, Syamsul Anwar, Reni Sutri, Kushisa Atta Jaeba, and Lusi Rahma Yanti. "Pelatihan Pembuatan Sabun Cuci Piring Dalam Rangka Pemberdayaan Perempuan di Kecamatan Tanjung Mutiara Kabupaten Agam." Journal of Industrial Community Empowerment 2, no. 1 (2023): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.52759/jice.v2i1.187.

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Most of the residents of Tiku V Jorong Village, Agam District work as farmers and gardeners, whereas the women mostly are housewives. The training given to women community in Tiku V Jorong Village was the production of liquid dish soap. The selection of liquid dish soap products is based on the fact that consumption of dish soap is always needed by every household in their daily life. In addition, the process of making liquid dish soap is relatively easy and the process does not require many equipment, thus it can be done by women community in Tiku V Jorong Village on the sidelines of other da

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Barla, Hina, and Pragya Kulkarni. "Development and assessment of antimicrobial herbal soap." Spectrum of Emerging Sciences 4, no. 2 (2024): 31–36. https://doi.org/10.55878/ses2024-4-2-7.

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The majority of commercial soaps include chemicals and synthetic components that can be unpleasant or harmful to the skin. Human skin requires specialized therapy for healing, enhanced skin tone, and the look of radiant health. Another potential approach is to use natural herbal soaps. Herbal products have two meanings: first, they are used as cosmetics for body care, and second, the presence of photochemicals and botanicals in them promotes naturally healthy skin. Herbalism and the use of herbal products are now prominent trends. Indian herbs are the most common source used in the cosmetics b

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Hamsina, Hamsina, Ifa Safira, Dyah Ekowatiningsih, et al. "Manufacturing natural soap-base (Multiclean) with the addition of wuluh starfruit extraction (Averrhoa)." International Journal of ADVANCED AND APPLIED SCIENCES 11, no. 9 (2024): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21833/ijaas.2024.09.003.

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Starfruit extract is used as a base for making natural soap that is more environmentally friendly and beneficial for health. The aim of this study is to identify the optimal conditions for adding starfruit extract to natural soap production, which involves citric acid and surfactant components. The method involves maceration and extraction of starfruit to obtain citric acid by immersing it in 80% ethanol. The soap is produced using a hot process at temperatures between 70-80°C with three formulas: F1 (200:200:10), F2 (225:175:15), and F3 (250:150:20), representing different ratios of virgin co

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Yakubova, Olga S., Elena Yu Demiantseva, Regina A. Smit, and Vladimir K. Dubovy. "Analysis of Micelle Formation and Adsorption Layers of Binary Mixtures of Sulphate Soap Components." Lesnoy Zhurnal (Forestry Journal), no. 6 (December 1, 2021): 196–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2021-6-196-205.

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Currently, the main trend of the pulp and paper industry development is bio-refining. It is based on integrated and deep processing of wood raw materials to obtain products with higher value added and reduced amount of waste. One of the high priority tasks of bio-refining is improvement of technology of by-product (sulphate soap) extraction from spent liquor with an increase in the yield and quality of the resulting product and a decrease in the level of environmental pollution. The complexity and energy intensity of sulphate soap extraction from spent liquor depends on many factors, including

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Abdul Rashid, Nur Firdaus, Abdul Hapes Mohamed, Noraini Ismail, et al. "RECYCLING DOMESTIC COOKING OIL (DCO) INTO SOAP: KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER THROUGH COMMUNITY SERVICE LEARNING IN PERLIS." Journal of Tourism, Hospitality and Environment Management 9, no. 36 (2024): 102–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/jthem.936008.

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Malaysia generates a significant amount of waste from domestic cooking oil (DCO), which can be used as a raw material for soap production. This study examines the functionality of soap made from household cooking oil in Perlis, Malaysia. The community project provides awareness, exposure, and training to 30 participants of Sekolah Menengah Sains Syed Putra, Kangar to recycle used DCO into soap production at their homes or business premises. The approach includes identifying communities and training locations, developing training modules, preparing teaching and demonstration workshops, interact

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Zahra, Allya, Irfan Restu Fauzan, Intan Oktavia D, Setyaningrum Setyaningrum, and Sujuliyani Sujuliyani. "LIQUID SOAP WITH ADDITIONS SARGASSUM (Sargassum polycystum) EXTRACT." Buletin Jalanidhitah Sarva Jivitam 1, no. 2 (2019): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/bjsj.v1i2.8480.

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Research on making Sargassum soap with the addition of Sargassum polycystum seaweed was carried out for 2 months at the Jakarta College of Fisheries. This study aims to determine the flow of the Sargassum polycystum soap making process, find out how to make Sargassum polycystum soap extracts, determine the quality of liquid soap produced through sensory, chemical and biological tests. This research uses direct research methods. Research results show that the process of making liquid soap extracts include: preparation of raw materials, maceration, evaporation, rinsing and drying. The process of

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Ahmadi, Ahmadi, and Sri Nopita Primawati. "Pengembangan Sosio Chemoentrepreneurship dalam Produksi Bahan Kebutuhan Rumah Tangga Berbasis Sodium Lauril Sulfonat di Desa Aik Dareq Kabupaten Lombok Tengah." Jurnal Pengabdian UNDIKMA 1, no. 2 (2020): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.33394/jpu.v1i2.2887.

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This service activity aims to provide chemical skills coaching in the community in producing various household needs which are the basic ingredients of Sodium Lauril Sulfonate such as detergents, dish soap and hand soap. This activity is carried out during a pandemic by complying with health protocols. Methods of this activity include: (1). Initial Program Initiation, (2). Organization Creation, (3). Assistance in Manufacturing, packaging and marketing of various household products made from sodium lauryl sulfonate. The youth group who participated in the activity was first given an understand

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