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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Sodium titanates'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 16 February 2022

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1

Senguttuvan, Premkumar. "À la recherche d'électrodes négatives à base de Ti pour les accumulateurs à ions sodium." Amiens, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AMIE0122.

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Cette thèse traite du développement de nouvelles électrodes négatives à base de titane pour batteries Na-ion. Les oxydes à base de Ti4+ ont d'abord été ciblés en raison de leur cristallochimie, facilité de synthèse et stabilité vis-à-vis de l'humidité. L'un d'entre eux, le composé lamellaire Na2Ti3O7, présente une capacité réversible de 177 mAh/g à un potentiel de 0,3 V vs. Na+/Na0. Il s'agit là du potentiel le plus bas jamais rapporté pour l'intercalation d'ions Na+ dans des oxydes. Des études de diffraction des rayons X in-situ ont révélé que le processus d'intercalation (Na2Ti3O7 + 2 Na = N

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2

Posch, P., P. Bottke, M. Wilkening, and I. Hanzu. "Hydrothermally Synthesized Nanostructured Sodium Titanates as Negative Electrode Materials for Na-Ion Batteries." Diffusion fundamentals 21 (2014) 22, S.1, 2014. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A32432.

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3

Marciniuk, Letícia Ledo. "Síntese de titanatos alcalinos e avaliação na transesterificação catalítica." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/3923.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:55:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 4803.pdf: 11534397 bytes, checksum: e43c3cb60651e156783571e5d850d5e8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-06-11<br>Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos<br>Three methods for the synthesis of sodium titanates were investigated: solid state treatment (800 oC), hydrothermal treatment (110 oC) and sol-gel method (55 oC). The titanium oxide was used as starting compound for xerothermal and hydrothermal treatments. The titanium (IV) n-butoxide was used in the sol-gel method. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, en

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4

Wu, Di Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "A layered sodium titanate as promising anode material for sodium ion batteries." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/93004.

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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2014.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 58-60).<br>Sodium ion batteries have recently received great attention for large-scale energy applications because of the abundance and low cost of sodium source. Although some cathode materials with desirable electrochemical properties have been proposed, it's quite challenging to develop suitable anode materials with high energy density and good cyclability for sodium ion batteries. Herein, we report a layered

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5

Nohlgren, Ingrid. "Recovery of kraft black liquor using the titanate process : kinetics of the direct causticization reaction between sodium tri-titanate and sodium carbonate." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, 1999. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-18189.

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The solid state reaction between sodium tri-titanate and sodium carbonate, forming mainly sodium penta-titanate, was investigated. Experiments were carried out in a micro-differential reactor made of quartz glass at various temperatures between 800°C and 880°C and in a pilot fluidized bed reactor operated in a semi-batch mode. In the micro-differential reactor, basic kinetic data was obtained by measuring the release of carbon dioxide during the reaction. Different kinetic models were considered to describe the conversion, such as the Valensi-Carter model for diffusion controlled reaction rate

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6

Tan, Kim Song. "Synthesis of high aspect ratio sodium titanate nanorods and their rheological behaviour." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.539286.

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7

Merceille, Aurélie. "Etude d'échangeurs d'ions minéraux pour la décontamination liquide en strontium." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON20183/document.

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Les problèmes de pollution chimique de l'eau sont devenus une source de préoccupation importante et un enjeu prioritaire pour les industriels du nucléaire. L'objectif principal de cette thèse est d'étudier certains minéraux échangeurs ioniques utilisables pour une décontamination liquide en strontium (radioisotope toxique pour l'homme). Mais également de relier les propriétés physico-chimiques de ces matériaux avec leurs propriétés de rétention du radioisotope. Ce mémoire présente donc la synthèse de deux matériaux choisis pour leurs propriétés de sorption spécifique et quantitative du stronti

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8

Pacher, Fernandes Rodrigo [Verfasser]. "Piezoresponse Force Microscopy study of potassium sodium niobate and bismuth sodium titanate based lead-free ferroelectric materials / Rodrigo Pacher Fernandes." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1049362829/34.

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9

Sheets, Sossity A. (Sossity Amber) 1973. "Dielectric and electromechanical properties of barium and zirconium co-doped sodium bismuth titanate." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/28621.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, 2000.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 175-179).<br>Compositional exploration was conducted within the alkaline bismuth titanate system by doping on the A- and B- sites with Ba⁺² and Zr⁺⁴, respectively. Results on the phase, dielectric and electromechanical properties of single crystals and polycrystals for this new family of relaxor perovskite ferroelectrics are presented. The actuation and polarization characteristics in this system were found to be highly sensitive (within 2 mol%) to

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10

Medvedev, Dmitry Gennadievich. "Design, optimization, and selectivity of inorganic ion-exchangers for radioactive waste remediation." Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/2789.

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The processes of development of nuclear weapons resulted in accumulation of thousands of curies of high-level radioactive waste. Liquid waste produced in the US has been stored in carbon steel tanks in highly alkaline (1-3 M NaOH, 6 M sodium salts) media for fifty years and leakage has occurred. One of the approaches to the solution of the problem of radioactive waste is to adsorb the nuclides on highly selective ion-exchange material, solidify in a glass matrix and dispose in a geological formation. The use of the ion-exchange technology is limited by the time of the sorbent-solution contac

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11

Steiner, Sebastian [Verfasser], Till [Akademischer Betreuer] Frömling, and Kyle G. [Akademischer Betreuer] Webber. "Defect Chemistry of Sodium Bismuth Titanate and its Solid Solutions / Sebastian Steiner ; Till Frömling, Kyle G. Webber." Darmstadt : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Darmstadt, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1207999822/34.

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12

Steiner, Sebastian [Verfasser], Till [Akademischer Betreuer] Frömling, and Kyle [Akademischer Betreuer] Webber. "Defect Chemistry of Sodium Bismuth Titanate and its Solid Solutions / Sebastian Steiner ; Till Frömling, Kyle G. Webber." Darmstadt : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Darmstadt, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1207999822/34.

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13

Le, Van Quang. "Caractérisation et biocompatibilité de dépôts de phosphates de calcium sur Ti-6Al-4V obtenus par chimie douce." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAE017/document.

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Les biomatériaux en titane sont de plus en plus utilisés dans les implants dentaires et les prothèses de hanche. Toutefois, la surface des implants de titane doit être modifiée pour devenir davantage bioactive. Dans cette étude, les substrats de Ti-6Al-4V ont été d'abord modifiés par un traitement mécanique, puis par un traitement acide. Dans un deuxième temps, les échantillons ont subi un traitement alcalin dans une solution de NaOH puis un traitement thermique, ce qui a provoqué la formation d'une couche de titanate de sodium sur leur surface. Enfin, du phosphate de calcium a été déposé soit

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14

Beuvier, Thomas. "Des nanotitanates de sodium aux dioxydes de titane : électrode négative à base de TiO2(B) nanométrique pour accumulateur lithium-ion." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00454406.

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Le dioxyde de titane, connu pour ses applications dans les domaines de la photoactivité et du photovoltaïque, est aussi un candidat d'électrode négative pour batteries lithium-ion. Les variétés anatase et TiO2(B) sont les plus prometteuses. Leurs capacités sont respectivement de 0,50 et 0,75 Li+ par motif de TiO2. Sous forme nanométrique, elles présentent des densités d'énergie et de puissance accrues. L'objet de ce travail de thèse concerne la synthèse par chimie douce de dioxydes de titane nanométriques selon la méthode développée initialement par Kasuga et al. et leur caractérisation. La mé

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15

Gatsa, Oleksandr. "Development of acoustic sensors for the extension of measurements to high temperature in the experimental reactors." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTS092/document.

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Ce travail de thèse porte sur l’étude et la réalisation d'une nouvelle génération de capteurs ultrasonore dédiés à la caractérisation des gaz de fission. Plus généralement, ces études concernent le développement de l’instrumentation du réacteur d’essai des matériaux Jules Horowitz (RJH), visant entre autre à effectuer le contrôle in situ de la composition du gaz libéré afin d’optimiser la durée de vie du combustible et le taux de combustion. La température de fonctionnement de ce nouveau réacteur devant se situer dans la plage entre 200 °C à 400 °C, la principale problématique concerne donc le

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16

Kim, Jang-Yong. "Novel tantalate-niobate films for microwaves." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Microelectronics and Information Technology, IMIT, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-489.

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<p>Microwave materials have been widely used in a variety of applications ranging from communication devices to military satellite services, and the study of materials properties at microwave frequencies and the development of functional microwave materials have always been among the most active areas in solid-state physics, materials science, and electrical and electronic engineering. In recent years, the increasing requirements for the development of high speed, high frequency circuits and systems require complete understanding of the properties of materials function at microwave frequencies

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17

Schmitt, Veronika [Verfasser], and Josef [Akademischer Betreuer] Breu. "Effect of Dopants on the Local Atomic Structure and Sintering Behavior of Bismuth Sodium Titanate / Veronika Schmitt. Betreuer: Josef Breu." Bayreuth : Universität Bayreuth, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1059352346/34.

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18

Dittmer, Robert [Verfasser], Jürgen [Akademischer Betreuer] Rödel, and Karsten [Akademischer Betreuer] Albe. "Lead-Free Piezoceramics – Ergodic and Nonergodic Relaxor Ferroelectrics Based on Bismuth Sodium Titanate / Robert Dittmer. Betreuer: Jürgen Rödel ; Karsten Albe." Darmstadt : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Darmstadt, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1107771757/34.

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19

Li, Wei. "Sol-gel synthesis of TiO2 anatase in a fluorinated medium and its applications as negative electrode for Li+ and Na+ batteries." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066238/document.

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Le dioxyde de titane (TiO2) est un matériau polyvalent qui présente des propriétés intéressantes allant de la catalyse au stockage et conversion d'énergie. Afin d'améliorer ses propriétés physico-chimiques, plusieurs approches ont été appliquées telles que, la réduction de la taille des particules, modification de la morphologie, le dopage par d'autres éléments. Dans cette thèse, une nouvelle méthode de synthèse basée sur la chimie de sol-gel est développée en milieu fluoré. Les anions divalents de O2- dans TiO2 anatase sont substitués par anions monovalents de F- et OH-, le déficit de charge

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20

Bousquet, Marie. "Croissance, caractérisations et étude des propriétés physiques de films minces du matériau ferroélectrique Na0,5Bi0,5TiO3." Limoges, 2010. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/43e4e73f-32af-463d-9709-401209acea22/blobholder:0/2010LIMO4062.pdf.

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Ce travail est consacré à l'élaboration par ablation laser et à la caractérisation de couches minces épitaxiées du matériau ferroélectrique sans plomb Na0,5Bi0,5TiO3 (NBT). Dans un premier temps, nous avons déterminé les conditions de synthèse de couches minces monophasées de NBT, étape délicate où un contrôle rigoureux de la composition chimique est nécessaire afin d'éviter l'apparition de phases secondaires (pyrochlore, phases d'Aurivillius. . . ). Les premières mesures électriques macroscopiques et à l'échelle locale ont permis d'attester du comportement ferroélectrique des films préparés,

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21

Vaněk, Martin. "Připrava a charakterizace keramických aktivních materiálů pro sodno-iontové akumulátory." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-242140.

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Hlavním cílem této práce je charakterizace vzorků titanátů, jako materiálů pro sodíko-iontové (Na-ion) akumulátory. Syntéza některých vzorků je součástí této práce. Charakterizace je zaměřena na elektrochemické vlastnosti, složení a morfologii použitých materiálů. První část se zabývá lithium-iontovými (Li-ion) akumulátory. Byly vybrány, protože jsou ve vědeckých článcích dobře popsány a základní funkční princip je aplikovatelný také na Na-ion akumulátory. Materiály používáné pro katody, anody a elektrolyty následují po krátké části shrnující parametry a konstrukci Li-ion akumulátorů. Následuj

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22

RAMIREZ-SALGADO, JOEL. "Contribution à l'étude des électrodes à gaz dans un capteur potentiométrique à CO2 de deuxième espèce." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001GRE10113.

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Ce travail concerne l'etude de materiaux d'electrode utilisables dans des capteurs a gaz bases sur le nasicon, conducteur par ion sodium. Pour une electrode a oxygene, nous avons synthetise par sol-gel des titanates de sodium. Les mesures de conductivite et l'etude des reactions d'electrode par spectroscopie d'impedance ont permis de choisir le materiau le mieux adapte, auquel nous avons melange un lanthanide de manganese pour ameliorer sa reponse. Une premiere etude sur l'electrode a dioxyde de carbone, a base d'un melange de carbonates et d'or, donne un premier apercu sur les mecanismes de l

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23

Kim, Jang-Yong. "Processing and On-Wafer Test of Ferroelectric Film Microwave Varactors." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Kungl. Tekniska högskolan (KTH), 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4226.

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24

Crossley, Samuel. "Electrocaloric materials and devices." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/245063.

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The temperature and/or entropy of electrically polarisable materials can be altered by changing electric field E. Research into this electrocaloric (EC) effect has focussed on increasing the size of the EC effects, with the long-term aim of building a cooler with an EC material at its heart. Materials and experimental methods are briefly reviewed. A ‘resetting’ indirect route to isothermal entropy change ∆S for hysteretic first-order transitions is described. An indirect route to adiabatic temperature change ∆T, without the need for field-resolved heat capacity data, is also described. Three t

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25

Baliteau, Sébastien. "ETUDE ET REALISATION D'UN CAPTEUR POTENTIOMETRIQUE A DIOXYDE DE CARBONE EN CONFIGURATION OUVERTE." Phd thesis, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011466.

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Le capteur étudié est à base de NASICON et fonctionne en différentiel entre une électrode sensible à O2 et une électrode sensible à CO2 et à O2. La réponse ne dépend plus de la pression partielle d'oxygène.<br />Chaque élément du capteur (électrode de référence, électrolyte solide et électrode de travail) a été étudié séparément, par les techniques de caractérisations physiques et électriques, pour sélectionner les meilleurs matériaux.<br />La sérigraphie a été retenue parmi plusieurs techniques de dépôt d'électrodes testées pour noter l'influence sur la réponse des capteurs.<br />Au niveau de

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26

Kundu, Animesh. "Hydrothermal synthesis of sodium bismuth titanate and titanate nanofibers." 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3341187.

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27

Steiner, Sebastian. "Defect Chemistry of Sodium Bismuth Titanate and its Solid Solutions." Phd thesis, 2020. https://tuprints.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/11552/8/Defect%20Chemistry%20of%20Sodium%20Bismuth%20Titanate%20and%20its%20Solid%20Solutions_Thesis%20Sebastian%20Steiner.pdf.

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In this work, the perovskite structured system Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 (NBT) and its solid solutions (1-x)(Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3)-xBaTiO3 (NBT-BT), (1-x)(Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3)-xSrTiO3 (NBT-ST) and [(1-x)(1-y)(Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3)-yBaTiO3)]-xCaZrO3 (NBT-BT-CZ) have been investigated. In detail, the impact of A-site non-stoichiometry and B-site doping on the electrical, dielectric, ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties was discussed. The main aim was to reveal the defect chemical origin of extremely high oxygen ionic conductivity in NBT and to apply the gained knowledge to control and enhance the properties of NBT-ba

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28

Garg, Rohini. "Structural, Ferroelectric, Piezoelectric and Phase Transition Studies of Lead Free (Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3 Based Ceramics." Thesis, 2013. http://etd.iisc.ernet.in/2005/3446.

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Ferroelectric materials, especially the polycrystalline ceramics, are very promising material for a variety of applications such as high permittivity dielectrics, ferroelectric memories, piezoelectric sensors, piezoelectric/electrostrictive transducers, electrooptic devices and PTC thermistors. Among the ferroelectric based piezoelectric ceramics the lead–zirconate-titanate Pb(Zr1-xTix)O3 (PZT) have dominated transducer and actuator market due to its excellent piezoelectric and dielectric properties, high electromechanical coupling, large piezoelectric anisotropy, ease of processing and low co

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29

Tsai, Jui–Ying, and 蔡瑞穎. "Low temperature carbon monoxide oxidation over gold nanoparticles supported on sodium titanate nanotubes." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/93598684763714679372.

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碩士<br>國立彰化師範大學<br>化學系<br>97<br>Small gold particles having sizes of 1.0–2.0 nm were deposited on the surface of the sodium trititanate ( Na2Ti3O7 ) nanotube by the ion exchange method. This nanotube–supported gold catalyst was able to oxidize CO at the sub–ambient temperature. In a pulse reactor, the gold catalyst could achieve a T50% of –55C using 1.0 vol.% CO/He gas pulses (0.34 μmol CO/pulse). In the Au loadings of 0.39–2.53 wt%, the activity of the gold catalyst increased with the gold loading. Calcination of nanotube support at higher than 110C prior to the gold deposition produced a c

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30

Dittmer, Robert. "Lead-Free Piezoceramics – Ergodic and Nonergodic Relaxor Ferroelectrics Based on Bismuth Sodium Titanate." Phd thesis, 2013. https://tuprints.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/3621/1/Dissertation%20%28Robert%20Dittmer%2C%20Part%201%29.pdf.

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Numerous questions regarding the nature of BNT-derived relaxor ferroelectrics are addressed on the basis of a broad experimental foundation including electrical characterization, diffraction, piezoresponse force microscopy, and mechanical measurements. In order to check the general validity of the approach two materials were investigated: the model system (1-y)(0.94Bi1/2Na1/2TiO3-0.06BaTiO3)-yK0.5Na0.5NbO3 (BNT-6BT-100yKNN) and the newly developed (1-y)((1-x)Bi1/2Na1/2TiO3-xBi1/2K1/2TiO3)-yBiZn1/2Ti1/2O3 (BNT-100xBKT-100yBZT). The field-dependent polarization and strain are demonstrated to

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31

Carroll, James F. "Potassium sodium bismuth titanate ceramics : processing and property relationships for higher-temperature electromechanical actuation /." 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3337718.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2008.<br>Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-11, Section: B, page: 7075. Adviser: David A. Payne. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 130-140) Available on microfilm from Pro Quest Information and Learning.

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32

Hong, Ying-kai, and 洪英凱. "Preparation and Physical Properties of Potassium-doped and Lithium-doped Bismuth Sodium Titanate Ceramics." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/18389972862510486243.

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碩士<br>國立臺南大學<br>材料科學系碩士班<br>97<br>(Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3 is an excellent candidate system in lead-free piezoelectric materials system at present because of its no lead pollution. In this research, the [Bi0.5(Na1-xKx)0.5]TiO3 and [Bi0.5(Na1-xLix)0.5]TiO3 ceramics have been prepared by solid-state reaction method. Effect of the potassium and lithium content on the crystal structure and dielectric properties of ceramics were studied. This research is composed of two parts. First, [Bi0.5(Na1-xKx)0.5]TiO3 could be successful synthesized in this research, and the phase transition and dielectric properties

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33

TSAI, SHOU-MIN, and 蔡守閔. "The effect of sodium titanate as the anode material forsodium ion batteries and their applications." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/g5yf3b.

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碩士<br>國立臺南大學<br>材料科學系碩士班<br>104<br>The sodium titanate (Na₂Ti₃O₇) as the anode material with the layered structure constructing by titanium dioxide layer and sodium ion layer. And also a pathway between these layer structures providing the sodium ion intercalation, yet its low working voltage. These supposing the sodium titanate as an alternative choice for the anode material of sodium-ion batteries in the future. The sodium titanate (Na₂Ti₃O₇) anode material in this research synthesis by conventional solid state reaction under 850 degree Celsius with different condition. The crystal structure

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34

Chin-Yao, Hsu, and 許今耀. "Preparation and characterization of sodium titanate nanotube-supported Pt catalyst and its application in selective hydrogenation reaction." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/04083865607596755011.

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碩士<br>國立彰化師範大學<br>化學系<br>95<br>The research in this thesis concentrates on utilizing an the catalyst for selective hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde. Sodium titanate nanotubes NaTNTs having a composition as NaxH2-xTi2O4(OH)2 is used as the support to disperse Pt particles on its tubular surface. TEM indicates that the nanotubes has an inner diameter of 4.3 nm, an outer diameter of 7.6 nm, and an interlayer distance of 0.72 nm. Furthermore, these have a narrow particle size distribution of 0.60 ~ 1.6nm. We have investigated the effect of the following factors on the reaction activity and selectiv

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Tsai, Yun-Ta, and 蔡昀達. "Effect of Sintering Conditions on the Electrical Properties of Sodium-Doped Lead Barium Titanate (Pb0.3Ba0.7)TiO3 Ceramics." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/8wdyhg.

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碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>材料科學與工程學研究所<br>105<br>(Pb0.3Ba0.7)TiO3 ceramics doped with 2 to 14 mol% Na+ were prepared using a conventional solid-state-reaction method. The effects of dopants, raw materials and sintering atmosphere on the electrical properties were discussed. In the experiment, the electrical properties of materials with low resistivity, high dielectric constant and high dielectric loss were targeted so as to study the application of heat and far infrared radiation in the future. In the experiment, the (Pb0.3Ba0.7)TiO3 ceramics with PbTiO3 and BaTiO3 as the raw materials doped with 8 mol

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Badari, Narayana A. R. "Influence of Electric Field on the Global and Local Structure in the Ferroelectric Ceramic Na1/2Bi1/2TiO3 and its Solid Solutions with BaTiO3 and K1/2Bi1/2TiO3." Thesis, 2015. http://etd.iisc.ernet.in/2005/3966.

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Ferroelectric ceramics are very promising materials for a variety of piezoelectric applications such as high permittivity dielectrics, piezoelectric sensors, piezoelectric/electrostrictive transducers, actuators, electro-optic devices, etc. Among the commercially viable ferroelectric ceramics, the lead-zircon ate-titivate Pb(Zr1-xTix)O3 (PZT) based ceramics have dominated the market due to their superior piezoelectric and dielectric property along with other advantages like high electromechanical coupling, ease of processing and low cost. However, the toxicity of lead based materials, and its

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