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Czarnecki, Jarema S. "Engineered carbon-based scaffolds for hard and soft tissue repair, reconstruction or regeneration." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1386953861.
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Liang, Haidong. "Facial soft tissue 3D modelling." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1999. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/842802/.
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The purpose of this study is to find the design tool to create a soft tissue 3D model able to be used for finite element analysis to simulate the facial soft tissue deformation under g-loading and the helmet and mask/tissue interaction. Such a model will be of value in the design of new helmets and oxygen mask system, to reduce the effects of inertia, to provide improved fit, to minimise oxygen leakage especially when deformed under high g-loading. This work is concerned with the creation of a 3D geometric model. Further work may involve the measurement of mechanical properties of the facial soft tissue, finite element analysis and validation of the model. Using high frequency A-scan ultrasound allows the superficial tissue to be measured on volunteers without risk. The investigation covers 112 points on half of the face, linked to 11 defined morphological zones. The zonal boundaries are based on previous research and are initially identified by inspection and palpation of the face. There is large thickness range difference (30%) over the face in most zones defined in an individual. The iso-thickness zone hypothesis is not valid if the 'constant' thickness criterion is set to be 10% for all zones. Software algorithm for automatically detecting the facial soft tissue thickness is developed and validated to be effective (5% fail rate). Thickness data is acquired from European white males, females and Chinese males. The data collected in this study is also useful in forensic science for facial reconstruction purpose. Laser scanning method has been used to obtain the facial surface profile to create a surface model into which the soft tissue layer thickness distribution around the face can be incorporated. The surface model is exported in IGES format and can be imported in CAD software. Electromagnetic space locating method is used to acquire the ultrasound probe position so as to find the position of the tissue thickness. Point-based registration method is used to integrate the ultrasound thickness data into the laser scanned surface model to create a soft tissue shell solid model. The model is exported in IGES data format so that it can be imported into a finite element analysis package for further processing.
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Hajeer, Mohammad Younis. "3D soft-tissue, 2D hard-tissue and psychosocial changes following orthognathic surgery." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2003. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/3126/.
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A 3D imaging system (C3D®), based on the principles of stereophotogrammetry, has been developed for use in the assessment of facial changes following orthognathic surgery. Patients’ perception of their facial appearance before and after orthognathic surgery has been evaluated using standardised questionnaires, but few studies have tried to link this perception with the underlying two-dimensional cephalometric data. Comparisons between patients’ subjective opinions and 3D objective assessment of facial morphology have not been performed. Aims: (1) To test the reliability of the 3D imaging system; (2) to determine the effect of orthognathic surgery on the 3D soft-tissue morphology; (3) to assess skeletal changes following orthognathic surgery; (4) to evaluate soft-tissue to hard-tissue displacement ratios; (5) to ascertain the impact of orthognathic surgery on patients’ perception of their facial appearance and their psychosocial characteristics, (6) to explore the dentofacial deformity, sex and age on the psychosocial characteristics; (7) to evaluate the extent of compatibility between the cephalometric and the three-dimensional measurements and (8) to determine if the magnitude of facial soft-tissue changes affects the perception of facial changes at six months following surgery. Results and Conclusions: C3D imaging system was proved to be accurate with high reproducibility. The reproducibility of landmark identification on 3D models was high for 24 out of the 34 anthropometric landmarks (SD£0.5 mm). One volumetric algorithm in the Facial Analysis Tool had an acceptable accuracy for the assessment of volumetric changes following orthognathic surgery (mean error=0.314 cm3). The error of cephalometric method was low and the simulation of mandibular closure proved to be reproducible. 2D soft-tissue measurements were compatible with 3D measurements in terms of distances, but angular measurements showed significant differences (p<0.05).
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Bonci, Tecla <1986>. "The reconstruction of skeletal movement: the soft tissue artefact issue." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6928/1/Bonci_Tecla_Tesi.pdf.
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In 3D human movement analysis performed using stereophotogrammetric systems and skin markers, bone pose can only be estimated in an indirect fashion. During a movement, soft tissue deformations make the markers move with respect to the underlying bone generating soft tissue artefact (STA). STA has devastating effects on bone pose estimation and its compensation remains an open question.
The aim of this PhD thesis was to contribute to the solution of this crucial issue. Modelling STA using measurable trial-specific variables is a fundamental prerequisite for its removal from marker trajectories.
Two STA model architectures are proposed. Initially, a thigh marker-level artefact model is presented. STA was modelled as a linear combination of joint angles involved in the movement. This model was calibrated using ex-vivo and in-vivo STA invasive measures. The considerable number of model parameters led to defining STA approximations. Three definitions were proposed to represent STA as a series of modes: individual marker displacements, marker-cluster geometrical transformations (MCGT), and skin envelope shape variations. Modes were selected using two criteria: one based on modal energy and another on the selection of modes chosen a priori. The MCGT allows to select either rigid or non-rigid STA components. It was also empirically demonstrated that only the rigid component affects joint kinematics, regardless of the non-rigid amplitude. Therefore, a model of thigh and shank STA rigid component at cluster-level was then defined. An acceptable trade-off between STA compensation effectiveness and number of parameters can be obtained, improving joint kinematics accuracy.
The obtained results lead to two main potential applications: the proposed models can generate realistic STAs for simulation purposes to compare different skeletal kinematics estimators; and, more importantly, focusing only on the STA rigid component, the model attains a satisfactory STA reconstruction with less parameters, facilitating its incorporation in an pose estimator.
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Bonci, Tecla <1986>. "The reconstruction of skeletal movement: the soft tissue artefact issue." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6928/.
Full textAbstract:
In 3D human movement analysis performed using stereophotogrammetric systems and skin markers, bone pose can only be estimated in an indirect fashion. During a movement, soft tissue deformations make the markers move with respect to the underlying bone generating soft tissue artefact (STA). STA has devastating effects on bone pose estimation and its compensation remains an open question.
The aim of this PhD thesis was to contribute to the solution of this crucial issue. Modelling STA using measurable trial-specific variables is a fundamental prerequisite for its removal from marker trajectories.
Two STA model architectures are proposed. Initially, a thigh marker-level artefact model is presented. STA was modelled as a linear combination of joint angles involved in the movement. This model was calibrated using ex-vivo and in-vivo STA invasive measures. The considerable number of model parameters led to defining STA approximations. Three definitions were proposed to represent STA as a series of modes: individual marker displacements, marker-cluster geometrical transformations (MCGT), and skin envelope shape variations. Modes were selected using two criteria: one based on modal energy and another on the selection of modes chosen a priori. The MCGT allows to select either rigid or non-rigid STA components. It was also empirically demonstrated that only the rigid component affects joint kinematics, regardless of the non-rigid amplitude. Therefore, a model of thigh and shank STA rigid component at cluster-level was then defined. An acceptable trade-off between STA compensation effectiveness and number of parameters can be obtained, improving joint kinematics accuracy.
The obtained results lead to two main potential applications: the proposed models can generate realistic STAs for simulation purposes to compare different skeletal kinematics estimators; and, more importantly, focusing only on the STA rigid component, the model attains a satisfactory STA reconstruction with less parameters, facilitating its incorporation in an pose estimator.
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Yeh, Nai. "Evaluating transglutaminase crosslinked collagen gel systems for hard and soft tissue repair." Thesis, Aston University, 2013. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/20893/.
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Tissue Transglutaminase (TG2) and FXIIIa, members of the transglutaminase (TG) family, catalyses a transamidating reaction and form covalent bond between or within proteins. In bone development, both enzymes expressions correlate with the initial of the mineralisation process by osteoblasts and chondrocytes. Exogenous TG2 also promotes maturation of chondrocytes and mineralisation in pre-osteoblasts. To understand the role of endogenous TG2 in osteoblast mineralisation, the TG2 expression was examined during the human osteoblast (HOB) mineralisation. The expression of the endogenous TG2 increased during the mineralisation, yet, its expression was not essential for mineral deposition due to the compensation effect by other members in the TG family. The extracellular transamidating activity of HOBs was found increased during mineralisation and a shift from FXIIIa dominant- to TG2-dominant crosslinking activity was suggested after differentiation. However, the transamidating activity of both TG2 and FXIIIa were not critical for cell mineralisation. On the other hand, Exogenous TG2 was found to enhance wild type HOB and TG2 knockdown HOB mineral deposition. The transamidating activity of TG2 was not required but most likely a close conformation was essential for this enhancement. Results also demonstrated that exogenous TG2 may activate the ß-catenin pathway through LRP5 receptor thus contribute in cell mineralisation. This enhancement could be abolished by addition of ß-catenin inhibitors. Finally, using of TG2 crosslinked collagen gel for bone and cornea repair was evaluated. Crosslinked collagen gel showed promising results in improving HOB mineralisation, human corneal fibroblast (hCF) proliferation and migration. These effects might be resulted from the trapped TG2 within the collagen matrix and the alteration of matrix topography by TG2.
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Vijayasekaran, Aparna. "Human Adipose Derived Stem Cells (hASC's) and Soft Tissue Reconstruction: Evaluation of Methods for Increasing the Vascularity of Tissue Engineered Soft Tissue Construct." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/265352.
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Generation of large volumes to cover an existing soft tissue defect is often complicated by the lack of available tissue. The current options for soft tissue reconstruction include local and free flaps, collagen fillers, traditional fat grafting and other synthetic soft tissue fillers. But they all have limitations. Recently, a lot of interest has been generated regarding the use of human adipose derived stem cells for engineering a biocompatible soft tissue construct. Give their ready availability, viability and plasticity they appear to be the ideal building blocks for a cell based soft tissue construct. We find that these cells are easy to isolate in large numbers, easy to maintain in culture and capable of multi-lineage differentiation. hASC's are readily adherent to collagen based scaffolds and these function as the ideal cell delivery matrix. Since most wound beds are ischemic and hypoxic, changes in gene expression of hASC's was studied in conditions of hypoxia and serum deprivation. Microarray PCR results demonstrate the up regulation of 23 angiogenic genes including VEGFC, ANPEP, CXCL6, ANGPLT4 and CXCL5 in conditions of hypoxia. However, this angiogenic response was blunted with the presence of serum starvation in addition to hypoxia. Hence we chose to investigate methods to increase the primary neovascularization of a tissue engineered construct. Our hypothesis was that Europium Nano rods (belonging to the lanthanide series of heavy metals) would increase the angiogenic potential of hASC's. Results of a chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane assay demonstrate that Europium Nano rods potentiate the angiogenic effects of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) when incorporated in hASC's. These rods are readily incorporated in hASC's by endocytosis and do not affect viability. Hence, we conclude that Europium Nano rods can function as a reliable, nontoxic extrinsic angiogenic stimulus. Further studies are needed to evaluate the 1) effects of ENR's on stem cell plasticity 2) effects on gene expression and 3) further investigate the fate of ENR's with repeated cell division.
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Canullo, Luigi [Verfasser]. "Platform switshing configuration and peri-implant soft and hard tissue responce / Luigi Canullo." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1107543169/34.
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Liu, Jie. "Novel high phosphate low fluoride containing bioactive glasses for hard and soft tissue repair." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2016. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/36705.
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Bioactive glasses undergo dynamic changes in vivo to produce an apatite layer permitting a strong bond with living tissues including both bone and soft tissues, and their compositions can be modified and tailored. The aim of this project was to generate high phosphate low fluoride containing bioactive glasses and explore their bioactivity and biological performances in vitro. Bioactive glasses (0-7% F- content, constant 6.33% P2O5 in Mol.%) were produced and the particles immersed in Tris Buffer solution or cell culture medium (α-MEM) to determine apatite formation and ion (Ca, P, Si and F) release. Bioactive glass conditioned medium was used to treat pre-osteoblasts MC3T3-E1 for cytotoxicity, pre-osteogenic and pro-angiogenic responses, and to human oral fibroblasts and epithelial cells for proliferation. Antibacterial ability was explored by incubating supra- and sub-gingival bacteria with bioactive glass particulates. Rapid apatite formation was observed in F- containing bioactive glasses after only 2 h immersion in Tris buffer solution, while it was not detectable until 72 h in the F- free bioactive glass. Alkaline phosphatase activity, cell number, collagen formation, bone-like mineral nodules and osteogenic gene expression of MC3T3-E1 cells were significantly promoted in low F- bioactive glass (P6.33F1) conditioned medium. MC3T3-E1 VEGF gene expression was increased, and protein production was dose-dependently promoted with F- containing bioactive glass conditioned medium, which also promoted human oral fibroblast proliferation, but suppressed epithelial cell numbers. After incubation with glass particulates, the growth of L. casei, S. mitis, A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis, was significantly inhibited; the antibacterial activity being dependent on the F- content of the bioactive glasses. As a potential bone graft substitute in vivo, such novel bioactive glasses would be expected to stimulate bone formation and overcome problems associated with infection and the poor vascularisation in large bone graft sites. Additionally, they could reduce the need for further clinical intervention, and in particular, will be advantageous for the periodontal soft tissue regeneration.
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Sambatakakis, A. "Biomechanics of imbalance in the reconstruction of the arthritic knee." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312145.
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Farbod, Kambiz. "Uv and spontaneously cured polyethylene glycol-based hydrogels for soft and hard tissue scaffolds." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-32940.
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UV-curing is one of the most commonly used methods for producing hydrogels for soft and hard tissue scaffolds. Spontaneous curing is an alternative method which possesses some advantages in comparison to the conventional UV-curing methods; for example, in situ crosslinking and excluding initiators. The main objective of this study was to investigate promising materials for producing UV and spontaneously cured hydrogels, and subsequently to perform a comparison between the produced hydrogels with regard to their different mechanical and physical properties.Seventeen different hydrogels including five UV-cured and twelve spontaneously cured hydrogels were produced by applying thiol-ene chemistry and by varying precursor materials. Hydrogel systems including di- and tetra- functional PEGs of different lengths (2 kDa and 6 kDa) and two different thiol-crosslinkers (ETTMP 1300 Da and DTT) were subsequently characterized and evaluated. The evaluation tests applied in this study were Raman spectroscopy, weight and volumetric swelling test, leaching test, tensile test, and rheology test. Between all the systems, tetra-acrylated PEG (6 kDa) BisMPA was found to be the most promising system. The pH level of the applied solvent (PBS) for spontaneously cured hydrogels was varied from the physiologically relevant level of 7.4 to 7.0 and 7.8 in order to investigate the dependency of physical and mechanical properties of the hydrogels to this parameter.Spontaneous curing of tetra-acrylated PEG (6 kDa) BisMPA with ETTMP 1300 Da as the thiol-crosslinker, was accomplished within 3½ min in PBS with a pH level of 7.4; and it came out to be the fastest spontaneously cured system between all the tested hydrogels. Increasing the PBS pH level resulted in a faster curing process (accomplished in 1½ min). Spontaneously cured hydrogels generally showed decreased mechanical properties, but improved swelling behavior compared to UV-cured hydrogels. Nevertheless, the discussed system still possessed 50% of the elastic modulus in the tensile test in comparison to the UV-cured state; and showed the highest elastic modulus in comparison to other spontaneously cured systems. The storage modulus of the mentioned hydrogel in the spontaneously cured state was very close to the same parameter in the UV-cured hydrogel based on the same precursors. It also possessed the highest storage modulus between all the spontaneously cured hydrogels. Although the obtained swelling properties of this system were not the highest between all the tested hydrogels, these parameters were still in an acceptable range as for a hydrogel proposed for tissue scaffold application (swelling ratio: 9.72, water content: 89.71%, volumetric swelling ratio: 9.05). Furthermore, the system had the lowest weight loss ratio between all the acrylate-based hydrogels (including both UV and spontaneously cured systems), which along with the Raman spectroscopy results shows the high crosslinking efficiency of the system.
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MacLeod, Thomas. "An evolution of two porcine derived biomaterials in soft tissue reconstruction and flap prefabrication." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.407599.
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Cordie, David Russell. "Scleractinia soft tissue systematics : use of histological characters in coral taxonomy and phylogenetic reconstruction." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2015. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1574.
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Coral reefs are some of the most diverse ecosystems in the world and provide economic value as well as biodiversity stability. Yet, these ecosystems are threatened from human degradation and climate change. Phylogenetic reconstructions can help identify which species have a potential to undergo greater amounts of change in the near future and also aids in determining evolutionary distinctiveness, which are critical components of conservation management. However, traditional Scleractinia morphological characters have been shown to have limited taxonomic use. Therefore, this study attempts to discover soft tissue characters to produce more robust phylogenies. Eight coral species from the Indo-Pacific families Merulinidae and Lobophylliidae were mail ordered and prepared for histological analysis under light microscopy. A character matrix was analyzed and the results were compared to phylogenies based on skeletal and molecular data. A total of seven MPTs of length 35, C.I. 0.60 and R.I. 0.58 were found. In addition, a detailed description of the histology is included. The topology of MPTs was inconsistent, but several were broadly similar to previous phylogenies based on molecular and skeletal data. Still, using only a small number of characters, the results do promise that histological characters in conjunction with skeletal characters could better delineate species and their evolutionary history. Future results could aid in making conservation decisions based on improved phylogenies.
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Gangolphe, Louis. "Architected fibrous scaffolds dedicated to soft tissue reconstruction : shaping of novel degradable elastomers via electrospinning." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALI015.
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La reconstruction de tissus lésés est un problème majeur de santé publique. Le don d’organes est une solution viable mais le manque de donneurs a poussé les chercheurs à développer des biomatériaux pour réparer ces tissus endommagés. Actuellement, la recherche se focalise sur une nouvelle génération de biomatériaux en leur donnant des caractéristiques biomimétiques et bioactives. Pour autant la reconstruction de tissus mous (muscles, peau, veines) n’a pas encore reçu de solutions viables. En effet, les biomatériaux n’intègrent pas simultanément toutes les propriétés caractéristiques des tissus mous comme une grande élasticité, une anisotropie et une structure fibreuse. Par ailleurs, les biomatériaux développés ne sont généralement pas biodégradables et peuvent entraîner des inflammations à long terme. Ce projet pluridisciplinaire se concentre sur le développement de nouveaux « scaffolds » permettant la régénération de tissus mous. L'objectif est de créer des matériaux 3D fibreux, architecturés et élastiques à partir de copolymères à blocs à base de PLA et PEG (polymères biocompatibles et approuvés par la Food and Drug Administration) pour l’adhésion et le guidage de la prolifération cellulaire. Le scaffold micro-fibreux est obtenu à partir de la technique d’électrospinning. Cette technique à l’aide d’une solution de polymère et d’un haut champ électrique permet de produire des fibres à l’échelle micro/nanométrique. L’organisation de ces fibres est obtenue en utilisant des collecteurs micro-structurés dont la disposition des mâts permet un contrôle du dépôt des fibres et de la micro-structure finale. Pour moduler les cinétiques de dégradation et les propriétés mécaniques des scaffolds, de nouveaux copolymères à blocs dégradables ont été d’abord synthétisés puis fonctionnalisés afin de développer des élastomères photo-réticulés ayant des propriétés élastiques. Par la suite, ces nouveaux matériaux ont été électrospinnés et caractérisés structurellement et mécaniquement au cours du processus de dégradation hydrolytique. La cytocompatibilité des nouveaux matériaux a été étudiée ainsi que le comportement des cellules sur les matériaux architecturés 3D fibreux pour évaluer l’impact et l’apport d’une architecture fibreuse pour une future régénération de tissus mousThe reconstruction of damaged tissues is a major public health issue. Organ donation is a viable solution, but the lack of a donor has led researchers to develop biomaterials to repair these damaged tissues. Currently, research is focusing on a new generation of biomaterials by giving them biomimetic and bioactive characteristics. However, the reconstruction of soft tissues (muscles, skin, veins) has not yet received viable solutions. Indeed, biomaterials do not simultaneously integrate all the characteristic properties of soft tissues such as high elasticity, anisotropy and fibrous structure. In addition, the biomaterials developed are generally not biodegradable and may cause long-term inflammation. This multidisciplinary project focuses on the development of new scaffolds for soft tissue regeneration. The objective is to create architected, fibrous and elastic 3D scaffolds from degradable block copolymers based on FDA approved PLA and PEG polymers for adhesion and cell guidance. The fibrous scaffold is obtained from the electrospinning technique. This technique using a polymer solution and a high electric field produces fibers at the micro/nanometric scale. The organization of these fibers is obtained by using micro-structured collectors whose arrangement of the mats allows control of the fiber deposition and the formation of a specific and well-defined microstructure. To modulate the degradation kinetics and mechanical properties of scaffolds, new degradable block copolymers were first synthesized then functionalized to develop photo-crosslinked elastomers with elastic properties. These new class of materials were then electrospun and characterized structurally and mechanically during the hydrolytic degradation process. The cytocompatibility of new materials was studied as well as the behavior of cells on 3D architected fibrous scaffolds to evaluate the impact and contribution of fibrous architecture for future soft tissue regeneration
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Bitar, M. "In vitro human cell transplantation for engineering the hard-soft tissue interface : a soluble phosphate based glass fibre scaffold system." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2006. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1444351/.
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This work investigated the biocompatibility of soluble phosphate based glasses as scaffolds for supporting the in vitro morphogenesis the hard-soft tissue interface (enthesis) as an approach dealing with ligaments and tendons clinical problems. The short term response of human oral osteoblasts (HOB), oral fibroblasts (HOF) and flexor tendon fibroblasts (HTF) was assessed on glass discs of various compositions, and different dissolution rates, of the generic ternary form (CaO)o.ox-(Na2O)o.oy-(P20s)o5 through evaluating the maintenance of the seeded cell attachment, survival, proliferation and phenotype by using SEM, immunocytochemistry and the CyQUANT cell density kit. Subsequently, the most biocompatible ternary glass compositions were utilised for fibre production. The effect of fibre diameter of cell adhesion and survival was determined and quaternary glass fibres, of the generic composition (CaO)o.46-(Na20)o.ox-(Fe203)o.oy-(P2C>5)o.5o, where characterised in terms of diameter and solubility profiles. Three-dimensional scaffolds were produced from these fibres and the long term viability, morphology and population growth of the seeded HOB and HOF cells were determined using immunocytochemistry and direct cell count. This was coupled with application of qPCR experiments to evaluate the maintenance of differentiation of the seeded cell population. The role of extrinsic factor inclusion in enhancing in vitro, scaffold associated, tissue morphogenesis was also investigated by stimulating osteogenic differentiation in the seeded HOB cell population. An open lamellar flow bioreactor providing nutrients, oxygen and waste perfusion to the cell-scaffold culture was deigned and assessed. The feasibility of simulating the anatomical architecture of the enthesis has also been addressed as cells were seeded in co-culture on a continuous fibre arrangement. In this study, quaternary phosphate based glass fibre scaffolds containing 3 mol% iron oxide (Fe203), of approximately 30 microm in diameter, and of the composition (CaO)o.46-(Na20)o.oi-(Fe203)o.o3-(P205)o.5o have been shown to support HOB and HOF attachment, well spread morphology, survival and proliferation with no negative impact of cell differentiation. Induction of osteogenesis in the scaffold culture has resulted in up-regulating HOB related gene transcription and the flow culture system, at certain flow rates, has been verified for future use. The Co-culture system design has been successfully implemented as HOB and HOF cells were seeded with an acellular separation zone across the fibre scaffold arrangement.
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Almukhtar, Anas Mohammed Yousif. "Three dimensional study to quantify the relationship between facial hard and soft tissue movement as a result of orthognathic surgery." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2016. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/7364/.
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Introduction Prediction of soft tissue changes following orthognathic surgery has been frequently attempted in the past decades. It has gradually progressed from the classic “cut and paste” of photographs to the computer assisted 2D surgical prediction planning; and finally, comprehensive 3D surgical planning was introduced to help surgeons and patients to decide on the magnitude and direction of surgical movements as well as the type of surgery to be considered for the correction of facial dysmorphology. A wealth of experience was gained and numerous published literature is available which has augmented the knowledge of facial soft tissue behaviour and helped to improve the ability to closely simulate facial changes following orthognathic surgery. This was particularly noticed following the introduction of the three dimensional imaging into the medical research and clinical applications. Several approaches have been considered to mathematically predict soft tissue changes in three dimensions, following orthognathic surgery. The most common are the Finite element model and Mass tensor Model. These were developed into software packages which are currently used in clinical practice. In general, these methods produce an acceptable level of prediction accuracy of soft tissue changes following orthognathic surgery. Studies, however, have shown a limited prediction accuracy at specific regions of the face, in particular the areas around the lips. Aims The aim of this project is to conduct a comprehensive assessment of hard and soft tissue changes following orthognathic surgery and introduce a new method for prediction of facial soft tissue changes. Methodology The study was carried out on the pre- and post-operative CBCT images of 100 patients who received their orthognathic surgery treatment at Glasgow dental hospital and school, Glasgow, UK. Three groups of patients were included in the analysis; patients who underwent Le Fort I maxillary advancement surgery; bilateral sagittal split mandibular advancement surgery or bimaxillary advancement surgery. A generic facial mesh was used to standardise the information obtained from individual patient’s facial image and Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to interpolate the correlations between the skeletal surgical displacement and the resultant soft tissue changes. The identified relationship between hard tissue and soft tissue was then applied on a new set of preoperative 3D facial images and the predicted results were compared to the actual surgical changes measured from their post-operative 3D facial images. A set of validation studies was conducted. To include: • Comparison between voxel based registration and surface registration to analyse changes following orthognathic surgery. The results showed there was no statistically significant difference between the two methods. Voxel based registration, however, showed more reliability as it preserved the link between the soft tissue and skeletal structures of the face during the image registration process. Accordingly, voxel based registration was the method of choice for superimposition of the pre- and post-operative images. The result of this study was published in a refereed journal. • Direct DICOM slice landmarking; a novel technique to quantify the direction and magnitude of skeletal surgical movements. This method represents a new approach to quantify maxillary and mandibular surgical displacement in three dimensions. The technique includes measuring the distance of corresponding landmarks digitized directly on DICOM image slices in relation to three dimensional reference planes. The accuracy of the measurements was assessed against a set of “gold standard” measurements extracted from simulated model surgery. The results confirmed the accuracy of the method within 0.34mm. Therefore, the method was applied in this study. The results of this validation were published in a peer refereed journal. • The use of a generic mesh to assess soft tissue changes using stereophotogrammetry. The generic facial mesh played a major role in the soft tissue dense correspondence analysis. The conformed generic mesh represented the geometrical information of the individual’s facial mesh on which it was conformed (elastically deformed). Therefore, the accuracy of generic mesh conformation is essential to guarantee an accurate replica of the individual facial characteristics. The results showed an acceptable overall mean error of the conformation of generic mesh 1 mm. The results of this study were accepted for publication in peer refereed scientific journal. Skeletal tissue analysis was performed using the validated “Direct DICOM slices landmarking method” while soft tissue analysis was performed using Dense correspondence analysis. The analysis of soft tissue was novel and produced a comprehensive description of facial changes in response to orthognathic surgery. The results were accepted for publication in a refereed scientific Journal. The main soft tissue changes associated with Le Fort I were advancement at the midface region combined with widening of the paranasal, upper lip and nostrils. Minor changes were noticed at the tip of the nose and oral commissures. The main soft tissue changes associated with mandibular advancement surgery were advancement and downward displacement of the chin and lower lip regions, limited widening of the lower lip and slight reversion of the lower lip vermilion combined with minimal backward displacement of the upper lip were recorded. Minimal changes were observed on the oral commissures. The main soft tissue changes associated with bimaxillary advancement surgery were generalized advancement of the middle and lower thirds of the face combined with widening of the paranasal, upper lip and nostrils regions. In Le Fort I cases, the correlation between the changes of the facial soft tissue and the skeletal surgical movements was assessed using PCA. A statistical method known as ’Leave one out cross validation’ was applied on the 30 cases which had Le Fort I osteotomy surgical procedure to effectively utilize the data for the prediction algorithm. The prediction accuracy of soft tissue changes showed a mean error ranging between (0.0006mm±0.582) at the nose region to (-0.0316mm±2.1996) at the various facial regions.
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Schlager, Stefan [Verfasser], and Ursula [Akademischer Betreuer] Wittwer-Backofen. "Soft-tissue reconstruction of the human nose : population differences and sexual dimorphism = Weichteilrekonstruktion der menschlichen Nase : Populationsunterschiede und Sexualdimorphismus." Freiburg : Universität, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1120020522/34.
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Walther, Julia, Jonas Golde, Lars Kirsten, Florian Tetschke, Franz Hempel, Tobias Rosenauer, Christian Hannig, and Edmund Koch. "In vivo imaging of human oral hard and soft tissues by polarizationsensitive optical coherence tomography." SPIE, 2017. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A35308.
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Since optical coherence tomography (OCT) provides three-dimensional high-resolution images of biological tissue, the benefit of polarization contrast in the field of dentistry is highlighted in this study. Polarization-sensitive OCT (PS OCT) with phase-sensitive recording is used for imaging dental and mucosal tissues in the human oral cavity in vivo. An enhanced polarization contrast of oral structures is reached by analyzing the signals of the co- and crosspolarized channels of the swept source PS OCT system quantitatively with respect to reflectivity, retardation, optic axis orientation, and depolarization. The calculation of these polarization parameters enables a high tissue-specific contrast imaging for the detailed physical interpretation of human oral hard and soft tissues. For the proof-of-principle, imaging of composite restorations and mineralization defects at premolars as well as gingival, lingual, and labial oral mucosa was performed in vivo within the anterior oral cavity. The achieved contrast-enhanced results of the investigated human oral tissues by means of polarizationsensitive imaging are evaluated by the comparison with conventional intensity-based OCT.
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Reshef, Aymeric. "Dual-rotation C-arm cone-beam tomographic acquisition and reconstruction frameworks for low-contrast detection in brain soft-tissue imaging." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENST, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ENST0044.
Full textAbstract:
L’arceau interventionnel est un système d’imagerie rayons X temps réel. Il dispose d’une option tomographique qui, grâce à une rotation de l’arceau autour du patient, permet d’acquérir des images en coupes dont la résolution en contraste est plus faible que celle des tomodensitomètres diagnostiques, rendant l’information clinique des tissus mous du cerveau inexploitable. Nous proposons un nouveau mode d’acquisition et de reconstruction tomographiques sur arceau interventionnel pour l’amélioration de la détection des faibles contrastes en imagerie interventionnelle des tissus mous de la tête. Afin d’émuler un filtre « bow-tie » (en nœud papillon), une double acquisition est envisagée. Les spécificités de la double acquisition imposent la conception d’un algorithme de reconstruction itérative dédié, incluant le filtre rampe dans l’énergie de minimisation. En bifurquant des approches par rétro-projection filtrée vers celles par filtration des rétro-projections, une méthode de reconstruction directe, alternative à la précédente, est proposée pour les acquisitions doubles. Pour une acquisition simple, la méthode est assurée de faire aussi bien que l’algorithme de rétro-projection filtrée quel que soit l’échantillonnage angulaire en géométrie planaire, et offre une approximation alternative à l’algorithme de Feldkamp-Davis-Kress en géométrie conique. Nous montrons qu’avec peu ou pas de modifications aux schémas précédents, les deux méthodes de reconstruction (itérative et directe) s’adaptent bien à la reconstruction de régions d’intérêt, à laquelle l’acquisition double reste étroitement liée à travers son acquisition tronquéeInterventional C-arm systems are real-time X-ray imaging systems, that can perform tomographic acquisitions by rotating the C-arm around the patient ; however, C-arm cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) achieves a lower contrast resolution than diagnostic CT, which is necessary in order to benefit from the clinical information of soft tissues in the brain. We propose a new C-arm CBCT acquisition and reconstruction framework to increase low-contrast detection in brain soft-tissue imaging. In order to emulate a bow-tie filter, a dualrotation acquisition is proposed. To account for all the specificities of the dual-rotation acquisition, a dedicated iterative reconstruction algorithm is designed, that includes the ramp filter in the cost function. By switching from filtered backprojection (FBP) to backprojection-filtration (BPF) reconstruction methods, we propose an alternative, direct reconstruction method for dual-rotation acquisitions. For single-rotation acquisitions, the method ensures to perform as good as FBP with arbitrarily coarse angular sampling in planar geometries, and provides a different approximation from the Feldkamp-Davis-Kress (FDK) algorithm in the cone-beam geometry. Although we used it to emulate a virtual bow-tie, our dual-rotation acquisition framework is intrinsically related to region-of-interest (ROI) imaging through the truncated acquisition. With few or no modification of the proposed reconstruction methods, we successfully addressed the problem of ROI imaging in the context of dual-rotation acquisitions
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Cavanagh, Daniele. "Developing soft tissue thickness values for South African black females and testing its accuracy." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25716.
Full textAbstract:
In forensic science one frequently has to deal with unidentified skeletonised remains. When conventional methods of identification have proven unsuccessful, forensic facial reconstruction (FFR) may be used, often as a last resort, to assist the process. FFR relies on the relationships between the facial features, subcutaneous soft tissues and underlying bony structure of the skull. The aim of this study was to develop soft tissue thickness (STT) values for South African black females for application to FFR, to compare these values to existing literature or databases, and to test the accuracy and recognisability of reconstructions using these values. It also established whether population-specific STT values are necessary for FRR. Computerised tomography scanning was used to determine average populationspecific STT values at 28 facial landmarks of 154 black females. The Manchester method of facial reconstruction was employed to build faces, for which antemortem photographs were available, on two skulls that were provided by the South African Police Service’s (SAPS) Forensic Science Laboratory. Different data sets of STT values, namely values from this study, two sets of data from American blacks and a South African mixed ancestry group, were used to build four faces for each of the skulls. Two identification sessions were then held. In the first session, 30 observers were asked to select matches from a random group of 20 photographs of black females which included the two actual images. The identification rates calculated for each photograph revealed that the highest rates of a positive match were for the reconstructions based on South African values. In the second session another group of 30 volunteers were asked to match to each photograph the most similar of the four reconstructions made of that particular individual. The reconstructions with STT values from the current (South African) study were selected more often than the other data sets. Although shortcomings do exist, the identification sessions indicated that FFR can be of value. Furthermore, population-specific STT values are important, since skulls reconstructed using these values were selected or identified statistically significantly more often than the others. AFRIKAANS : In forensiese wetenskap het mens dikwels te doen met ongeïdentifiseerde skeletmateriaal. Wanneer die konvensionele metodes van identifikasie onsuksesvol is, mag forensiese gesigsrekonstruksie (FGR) gebruik word, dikwels as `n laaste uitweg, om die proses te help. FGR is afhanklik van die verhouding tussen die gelaatstrekke, subkutane sagte weefsels en onderliggende benige struktuur van die skedel. Die doel van hierdie studie was om sagte weefsel dikte (SWD) waardes vir Suid-Afrikaanse swart vroue te ontwikkel vir gebruik met FGR, om hierdie waardes te vergelyk met bestaande literatuur of databasisse, en die akkuraatheid en herkenbaarheid van rekonstruksies waar hierdie waardes gebruik was te toets. Dit is gedoen ten einde vas te stel of bevolking-spesifieke SWD waardes nodig is vir FGR. Gerekenariseerde tomografie skandering is gebruik om die gemiddelde bevolkingspesifieke SWD waardes op 28 gesigslandmerke van 154 swart vroue te bepaal. Die Manchester metode van gesigsrekonstruksie is gebruik om twee skedels, waarvan antemortem foto’s beskikbaar was en wat voorsien is deur die Suid Afrikaanse Polisie Diens (SAPD) se Forensiese Wetenskap Laboratorium, op te bou. Verskeie data stelle vir SWD waardes, naamlik waardes verkry in hierdie studie, twee stelle Amerikaanse waardes vir swart vroue en `n Suid Afrikaanse groep van gemengde afkoms, is vir hierdie studie gebruik om vier gesigte van elk van die skedels te bou. Twee identifikasie sessies is gehou. In die eerste sessie is 30 deelnemers gevra om passende foto’s uit `n algemene versameling van 20 foto’s van swart vroue te kies. Dit het die twee ware gesigte ingesluit. Die identifikasie waardes wat bereken is vir elke foto het getoon dat die hoogste waardes vir die werklike foto’s verkry is op rekonstruksies gebasseer op Suid-Afrikaanse waardes. In die tweede sessie was `n ander groep van 30 vrywillgers gevra om die mees soortgelyke van die vier rekonstruksies by die foto van die betrokke individu te pas. Die rekonstruksies met SWD waardes van die huidige (Suid Afrikaanse) studie was meer dikwels gekies as die van ander data stelle. Hoewel verskeie tekortkominge bestaan, het die identifikasie sessies getoon dat FGR van waarde kan wees. Verder is bevolking-spesifieke SWD waardes belangrik, aangesien skedels wat opgebou is met hierdie waardes statisties beduidend meer dikwels gekies of geïdentifiseer is as die ander.Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2011.
Anatomy
unrestricted
21
Tan, Wah Lay, Lok-tin Wong, 陳華麗, and 黃洛天. "A systematic review of post-extractional alveolar hard and soft tissue dimensional changes in humans : comparison of studies with non-fixed or fixed reference points." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B48395456.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Removal of teeth results in both horizontal and vertical changes of hard and soft tissue dimensions. The magnitude of these changes is important for decision-making and comprehensive treatment planning, with provisions for possible solutions to expected complications during prosthetic rehabilitation.
Objectives: to review all English dental literature to assess the magnitude of dimensional changes of both the hard and soft tissues of the alveolar ridge up to 12 months following tooth extraction in humans.
Materials and methods: An electronic MEDLINE and CENTRAL search complemented by manual searching was conducted to identify randomised controlled clinical trials and prospective cohort studies on hard and soft tissue dimensional changes after tooth extraction. Only studies reporting on undisturbed post-extraction dimensional changes relative to a fixed reference point over a clearly stated time period were included. Assessment of the identified studies and data extraction was performed independently by two reviewers. Data collected were reported by descriptive methods. Weighted means and percentages of the dimensional changes over time were calculated where appropriate.
Results: The search provided 3954 titles and 238 abstracts. Full text analysis was performed for 104 articles resulting in 20 studies that met the inclusion criteria. In human hard tissue, horizontal dimensional reduction (3.79 ± 0.23 mm) was more than vertical reduction (1.24 ± 0.11 mm on buccal, 0.84 ± 0.62 mm on mesial and 0.80 ± 0.71 mm on distal sites) at 6 months. Percentage vertical dimensional change was 11-22 % at 6 months. Percentage horizontal dimensional change was 32% at 3 months, and 29-63% at 6-7 months. Soft tissue changes demonstrated 0.4-0.5 mm gain of thickness at 6 months on the buccal and lingual aspects. Horizontal dimensional changes of hard and soft tissue (loss of 0.1 mm to 6.1 mm) was more substantial than vertical change (loss 0.9 mm to gain 0.4mm) during observation periods of up to 12 months, when study casts were utilised as a means of documenting the changes.
Conclusions: Human re-entry studies showed horizontal bone loss of 29-63% and vertical bone loss of 11-22% after 6 months following tooth extraction. These studies demonstrated rapid reductions in the first 3-6 months that was followed by gradual reductions in dimensions thereafter.published_or_final_version
Dental Surgery
Master
Master of Dental Surgery
22
Ringer, Geoffrey Wadsworth. "Evaluation of Graft Pretension Effects in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Series of In Vitro and In Vivo Experiments." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40494.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this dissertation was to study the effects of graft pretension in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction through a series of experiments. First, an in vitro study of 5 human knees was conducted to determine if intact joint kinematics could be restored when using the ideal graft - the intrinsic ACL. The ACL tibial insertion site was freed, and pretensions of 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 N were applied to the ligament using a custom designed load cell connection. Kinematics during a simulated active extension were compared to those of the intact knee. Intact knee kinematics were not restored. Pretensions that best restored tibial anterior/posterior translation and internal/external rotation ranged from 0-40 N. Furthermore, the pretensions that best restored these kinematic variables were widely disparate in two specimens. Second, the in vitro kinematics during a simulated active extension of human and porcine knees were compared and contrasted both prior to and following transection of the ACL. The ACL limited: (1) tibial anterior translation in both species, (2) tibial internal rotation in humans, and (3) tibial external rotation in pigs. Differences in kinematic patterns for tibial internal/external rotation and abduction/adduction between the species was explained by requirements for biped and quadruped stances. Third, the mechanical characteristics of porcine patellar tendon (PT) were investigated by uniaxial tensile testing at two strain rates. Patella-PT-tibia complexes from freshly sacrificed skeletally immature and mature animals were loaded to failure at elongation rates of 20 and 200 mm/min. Both strain rate and skeletal maturity significantly affected failure mode, tangent modulus, and ultimate stress of the tendons, and hence are important considerations in the mechanical evaluation of porcine PT. Fourth, ACL reconstructions were performed using pretensions of 10 or 20 N in an in vivo porcine model with a specially designed load cell/telemetry system to monitor graft load. Graft pretension was seen to increase during fixation with interference screws. Following sacrifice at 4 weeks, tissues were mechanically, histologically, and biochemically analyzed. A pretension of 20 N resulted in a tissue more similar to the intrinsic ACL.Ph. D.
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Barouni, Elyas. "Soft tissue Reconstruction of Gustilo-Anderson Grade IIIB Open Extra-Articular Tibial Fractures at a Tertiary Hospital in Cape Town, South Africa: A Retrospective Case Series." Master's thesis, Faculty of Health Sciences, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32588.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: Management of Gustilo-Anderson grade 3b tibia fractures are challenging due to the high rate of complications which includes infection, nonunion and possible amputation. Due to limited soft tissue coverage of the tibia antero-medially, open fractures remain a treatment challenge. Despite many advances, the ideal time delay to definitive soft tissue cover remains controversial. Aim: We aimed to investigate the management strategy and the outcome of soft tissue reconstruction of Gustilo-Anderson grade 3b tibia fractures at a tertiary hospital in Cape Town, South Africa. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 22 patients who underwent soft tissue reconstruction for grade 3b tibia fractures from January 2014 to July 2017. Patient demographics, comorbidities, injury characteristics and management practices such as time to debridement, relook time, Negative Pressure Wound Therapy (NPWT), soft tissue coverage and complications were recorded. Results: Most patients were males (n=18; 81.8%) with an average age of 39.3 years. Pedestrian vehicle accidents accounted for 45.4%(n=10), motor-vehicle accidents (n=6; 27.3%) and gunshot wounds (n=2; 9.1%). The commonest site of injury was the middle third of the tibia (n=13; 59.1%), distal third (n=7; 31.8%) and proximal third (n=2; 9.1%). Most patients (n=18; 81.8%) were debrided within 24 hours. The mean times for NPWT prior to cover was 12.5 days and for soft tissue cover 13.7 days (range 2-35), respectively. Fasciocutaneous flaps (n=11; 50%) were predominantly used as cover, then pedicled muscle flaps (n=8; 36.4%), free flaps (n=2) and skin graft(n=1). Most patients (n=13; 59.1%) received satisfactory outcomes. Seven (31.8%) required soft tissue revisions. Three patients (13.6%) suffered complications namely, complete flap loss resulting in amputation, partial skin graft loss and soft tissue infection, respectively. Patients who underwent debridement after 24 hours reported the least complications and there appeared to be better outcomes in the relooks beyond 48 hours. Conclusion: Despite achieving outcomes which concur with other published studies, the BOAST 4 guidelines were not fully reflected in our management strategy. We will require larger numbers in future studies to formulate a standardized management protocol going forward.
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Soto, Barrera Milagros de Pilar. "Prevalencia de patologías bucales en bebés atendidos en el programa de seguimiento del niño de alto riesgo del INMP durante el período enero 2016 – diciembre 2017." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/625855.
Full textAbstract:
Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de patologías bucales en bebés atendidos en el programa de seguimiento del Niño de Alto riesgo del INMP durante el período Enero 2016 a Diciembre 2017
Materiales y métodos: Se recolectó la información de 455 historias clínicas de pacientes pertenecientes al programa de atención estomatológica Niños de Alto Riesgo en el consultorio de Odontopediatría del Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal. Los datos fueron analizados mediante estadística descriptiva para el análisis univariado donde se aplicaron las medidas estadísticas de frecuencia absoluta y relativa, y análisis bivariado donde se aplicó la prueba de Chi2 y Exacta de Fisher (α=0,05).
Resultados: Del total de 455 pacientes, 319 (70.11%) fueron diagnosticados con patologías orales y 136 (29.89%) con boca sana. Además; 127 presentaron patologías en el tejido blando (39.81%) y 192 en el tejido duro (60.19%), siendo este último el más prevalente. Del total de 24 patologías encontradas en la cavidad oral de esta población, las tres más prevalentes fueron síndrome de erupción (18.24%), defecto de desarrollo del esmalte (17.14%) y anquiloglosia (12.97%).
Conclusiones: La prevalencia de los pacientes con patologías bucales fue alta (70.11%) y pacientes diagnosticados con boca sana (29.89%).Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of oral pathologies in babies treated in the follow-up program of the High Risk Child of the INMP during the period January 2016 to December 2017 Materials and methods: Information was collected from 455 medical records of patients belonging to the stomatological care program Children of High Risk in the pediatric dentistry office of the National Maternal and Perinatal Institute. The data were analyzed by means of descriptive statistics for the univariate analysis where statistical measurements of absolute and relative frequency were applied, and bivariate analysis where the Chi2 and Fisher Exacta test were applied. (α = 0.05). Results: Of the total of 455 patients, 319 (70.11%) were diagnosed with oral pathologies and 136 (29.89%) with a healthy mouth. Further; 127 presented pathologies in the soft tissue (39.81%) and 192 in the hard tissue (60.19%), the latter being the most prevalent. Of the total of 24 pathologies found in the oral cavity of this population, the three most prevalent were eruption syndrome (18.24%), enamel development defect (17.14%) and ankyloglossia (12.97%). Conclusions: The prevalence of patients with oral pathologies was high (70.11%) and patients diagnosed with healthy mouth (29.89%).
CAPÍTULO 1: INTRODUCCIÓN…………………………………………… CAPÍTULO 2: PLANTEAMIENTO DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN………….. 2.1. Justificación…………………………………………………………… CAPÍTULO 3: OBJETIVOS…………………………………………………. 3.1. Objetivo general………………………………………………………. 3.2. Objetivos específicos………………………………………………… CAPÍTULO 4: MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS……………………………….. 4.1 Diseño del estudio……………………………………………………... 4.2 Población y/o Muestra………………………………………………….. 4.3 Operacionalización de variables………………………………………. 4.4 Técnicas y/o procedimientos………………………………………….. 4.5 Plan de análisis…………………………………………………………. 4.6 Consideraciones éticas…………………………………………………. CAPÍTULO 5: RESULTADOS…………………………………………………. CAPÍTULO 6: DISCUSIÓN…………………………………………………….. CAPÍTULO 7: CONCLUSIONES………………………………………………… CAPÍTULO 8: REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS…………………………………. ANEXOS…………………………………………………………………….
Tesis
25
Guyomarc'h, Pierre. "Reconstitution faciale par imagerie 3d : variabilité morphométrique et mise en oeuvre informatique." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14354/document.
Full textAbstract:
La reconstitution faciale a pour but de restituer le visage d’un individu à partir de la morphologie de son crâne. Cette technique est utilisée en anthropologie médico-légale pour apporter de nouveaux témoignages dans l’identification de restes humains. Les objectifs de thèse sont d’établir une base de données crânio-faciale 3D de Français grâce à l’imagerie médicale, de tester les règles traditionnelles de reconstitution, et de quantifier les corrélations morphologiques entre tissus osseux et cutanés. Des examens hospitaliers par scanner tomodensitométrique (18 – 96 ans ; sexe ratio 1,16:1) ont été traités avec le logiciel TIVMI pour reconstruire avec précision les surfaces osseuses et cutanées. Plus de 200 points de repère ont pu être positionnés sur 500 individus, en suivant un protocole précis (répétabilité et reproductibilité vérifiées). L’extraction de distances Euclidiennes a permis de tester plusieurs règles traditionnelles, et d’étudier la spécificité et la variabilité des épaisseurs de tissus mous. Parallèlement, les coordonnées 3D des points ont été analysées par morphométrie géométrique. Les covariations entre groupes de points osseux et cutanés ont pu être quantifiées, ainsi que les asymétries, allométries, et influences de l’âge et du sexe sur les variations de conformation. Ces résultats ont permis l’élaboration d’une méthode d’estimation de la position des points de repère du visage, et la création (en collaboration avec le LaBRI) d’un module de reconstitution faciale nommé AFA3D. Basé sur le principe de déformation d’un visage synthétique, ce logiciel restitue la forme la plus probable du visage en fonction de la position de 78 points crâniométriquesFacial approximation aims at the production of a face based on the skull morphology. This technique is performed in forensic anthropology to bring new testimonies in cases of human remains identification. The goals of this research are to establish a database of French skulls and faces in 3D through medical imaging, to test traditional guidelines, and to quantify the morphological correlations between soft and hard tissues. Computed tomography exams, collected in French hospitals (18 – 96 years; sex ratio 1.16:1), were treated with TIVMI software to reconstruct accurately the bone and skin surfaces. More than 200 landmarks have been placed on 500 subjects, following a protocol which repeatability and reproducibility have been checked. The extraction of Euclidian distances allowed testing traditional guidelines, and studying specificity and variability of soft tissue depths. In parallel, the 3D coordinates were analyzed with geometric morphometrics. Covariations between groups of bone landmarks and groups of skin landmarks were quantified, along with asymmetry, allometry, and influences of age and sex on the shape changes. These results allowed for the creation of a method to estimate the position of skin landmarks, and for the development of a facial approximation module in TIVMI, called AFA3D (in collaboration with the LaBRI). Based on the warping of a synthetic face, this software renders the most probable face depending on the position of 78 cranial landmarks
26
Almeida, Natalie Haddad de. "Reconstrução facial: mensuração da espessura dos tecidos moles que recobrem a face." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/23/23153/tde-14012013-125744/.
Full textAbstract:
Reconstrução facial forense é uma técnica utilizada com a finalidade de reconhecimento e posterior identificação, nas situações em que inexiste uma identidade atribuível ao esqueleto submetido à perícia médico-legal. Objetivou-se neste estudo mensurar as espessuras de tecidos moles que recobrem a face em cadáveres que deram entrada no Instituto Médico Legal (IML) de Guarulhos no período de setembro de 2010 a setembro de 2011. Foram efetuadas mensurações de 49 pontos anatômicos da face em cadáveres com menos de 24 horas do óbito; tais mensurações foram analisadas por meio do teste t com p bicaudal. O projeto foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da FOUSP (protocolo 144/2010). Um total de 100 cadáveres foi estudado, sendo 64 do sexo masculino e 26 do sexo feminino. Eles pertenciam majoritariamente à faixa etária de 41 a 60 anos. Optou-se por utilizar nomenclatura em língua inglesa com a finalidade de facilitar comparações com trabalhos internacionais. Dos 49 marcos mensurados, apenas cinco apresentaram um p menor que 0,05, ou seja, para os seguintes pontos as medidas entre homens e mulheres não são as mesmas quando comparadas em relação ao sexo: upper lip margin (p=0,006), superior labius sulcus (p=0,006), stomion (p=o,001), lateral orbits direito (p=0,008) e chelion esquerdo (p=0,009). Os pontos anatômicos analisados permitiram estabelecer parâmetros mais precisos de espessuras faciais aplicáveis na reconstrução facial de cadáveres da população brasileira. Além disso, os marcos anatômicos analisados permitiram a construção de uma tabela com finalidade de reconstrução facial forense.Forensic facial reconstruction is a technique that has the aim of recognition and identification, in situations in which a known identity of the sketelon submetted to medico-legal procedures is not available. The objective of the study was to study the soft tissue thicknesses that cover the face of autopsied corpses that were sent to Guarulho´s Medical-Legal Institute from September 2010 to September 2011. Measurements of 49 anatomic references were performed in the face of corpses with less than 24 hours of death; data were analysed using t test with bicaudal p. The project was approved by the University of São Paulo´s School of Dentistry Ethics Committee (protocol number 144/2010). One hundred corpses were studied, being 64 male and 26 female. They were mainly 41 to 60 years old. Among all the 49 studied anatomic references, just five presented a p value lower than 0.05, that is, these references showed differences between sex: upper lip margin (p=0.006), superior labius sulcus (p=0.006), stomion (p=0,001), right lateral orbits (p=0.008) and left chelion (p=0.009). The studied anatomic references allowed to establish more precise parameters of the faces thicknesses that can be applied in corpses facial reconstructions in the Brazilian population, and some anatomic references presented a higher discriminant Power with regard to sex. Furthermore, the anatomic landmarks offered information to a reference table with the objective of forensic facial reconstruction.
27
Kuang, Guanming, and 邝冠明. "Preparation of a strontium enriched calcium phosphate cement and its use in accelerating the healing of a soft tissue tendon graft within the bone tunnel in a rabbit anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction model." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/193043.
Full textAbstract:
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture is a major clinical problem in sports medicine. The current mainstay of treatment is arthroscopic-assisted ACL reconstruction with a soft tissue tendon graft. However, the affected patients are required to abstain from any pivoting activity for at least six to nine months after the operation to protect the graft-host bone interface in order to allow the graft to heal.
In this study, a method to accelerate the graft healing within the bone tunnel is proposed by using a local application of an osteoconductive bone cement (Strontium enriched calcium phosphate cement, Sr-CPC) at the graft-host bone interface. It is postulated that Sr-CPC can induce earlier new bone formation in the gap between the graft and host bone tunnel and hence can result in an accelerated healing of the graft within the bone tunnel in ACL reconstruction.
Preparation of Sr-CPCs using the conventional setting method (a dissolution/precipitation process) leads to a delay in setting. This study adopted a new setting reaction, a chelate reaction, to manufacture a Sr-CPC system. The Sr-CPC system was fast-setting, injectable and cohesive, and it was suitable for use in minimally invasive orthopaedics surgeries (e.g. arthroscopic-assisted ACL reconstruction).
In order to investigate the biocompatibility and osteoconductivity of the Sr-CPC, in vitro cell experiments and an in vivo animal study were carried out. The in vitro experiments showed that the Sr-CPC was biocompatible with no local toxicity. In addition, a higher proliferation rate of osteoblastic-like MG-63 cells, accompanying higher alkaline phosphatase activity, was found in the Sr-CPC group. The in vivo study using a rat femur metaphyseal bone defect model showed evidence of earlier endochondral ossification which was noted at 2 weeks post operation. Moreover, a higher peri-cement bone formation rate, accompanied by a higher cement resorption rate, was found in the Sr-CPC group at 32 weeks after the operation compared with the convention calcium phosphate cement group.
To study the effect of the Sr-CPC on the graft healing within the bone tunnel, a one-stage bilateral ACL reconstruction using an Achilles tendon allograft was performed in 30 rabbits. One study (15 rabbits) was to investigate the effect of the Sr-CPC on the healing of a soft tissue tendon graft within the bone tunnel, and the other study (15 rabbits) was to study the difference between the Sr-CPC and the conventional CPC in the healing of a soft tissue tendon graft within the bone tunnel. The Sr-CPC treated graft showed an accelerated healing at all of the time points when compared with the non-treated graft; and at time points of 3 to 12 weeks when compared with the CPC treated graft.
In conclusion, a strontium enriched calcium phosphate cement, which is suitable for the arthroscopic use, was manufactured. It is biocompatible, osteoconductive and degradable. It accelerates the graft healing within the bone tunnels in a rabbit ACL reconstruction model using an Achilles tendon allograft when compared with both of the non-treated group and the conventional CPC-treated group.published_or_final_version
Orthopaedics and Traumatology
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
28
Bonci, Tecla. "La reconstruction du mouvement du squelette : l'enjeu de l'artefact des tissus mous." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10056/document.
Full textAbstract:
Lors de l'analyse 3D du mouvement humain basée sur des marqueurs cutanés, la position des os ne peut être qu'indirectement estimée. Au cours d'une tâche, les déformations des tissus mous génèrent des déplacements des marqueurs par rapport à l'os : les artefacts de tissus mous (STA), entraînant des effets dévastateurs sur l'estimation de la position. La compensation des STA demeure une question ouverte. L'objectif de cette thèse est de contribuer à la solution de cette question cruciale. La modélisation des STA en utilisant des variables spécifiques mesurables est une condition préalable à son élimination. Un modèle corrigeant les trajectoires individuelles de marqueurs de la cuisse, calibré par des mesures directes des STA, est d'abord présenté. Les STA sont modélisés comme une combinaison linéaire des angles articulaires impliqués. Trois représentations des STA par une série de modes sont proposées : déplacements de marqueurs individuels, transformations géométriques de clusters de marqueurs (MCGT), et variations de forme de l'enveloppe de peau. Le MCGT permet de dissocier les composantes rigides et non rigides. Il a été démontré que seule la composante rigide affecte la cinématique articulaire. Un modèle de cette composante est alors défini pour les clusters cuisse et jambe. Un compromis acceptable entre la correction des STA et le nombre de paramètres a ainsi été obtenu. Les principales applications sont de générer une simulation réaliste des STA ; et surtout, en se concentrant sur la composante rigide, le modèle permet une reconstruction satisfaisante des STA avec moins de paramètres, ce qui facilite son incorporation dans un algorithme d'estimation de la position osseuseIn 3D human movement analysis performed using stereophotogrammetry and skin markers, bone pose can be only indirectly estimated. During a task, soft tissue deformations make the markers move with respect to the underlying bone generating soft tissue artefacts (STA), causing devastating effects on pose estimation and its compensation remains an open issue. The thesis’ aim was to contribute to the solution of this crucial issue. Modelling STA using measurable trial-specific variables is a prerequisite for its removal from marker trajectories. Two STA model architectures are proposed. A thigh marker-level model is first presented. STA was modeled as a linear combination of joint angles involved in the task. The model was calibrated with direct STA measures. The considerable number of model parameters led to defining STA approximations. Three definitions were proposed to represent STA as series of modes : individual marker displacements, marker-cluster geometrical transformations (MCGT), and skin envelope shape variations. Modes were selected using two criteria : modal energy and selecting them a priori. The MCGT allows to select either rigid or non-rigid components. It was also demonstrated that only the rigid component affects joint kinematics. A model of thigh and shank rigid component at cluster-level was then defined. An acceptable trade-off between STA compensation and number of parameters was obtained. These results lead to two main potential applications : generate realistic STAs for simulation
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Oliveira, Silvia Virginia Tedeschi. "Avaliação de medidas da espessura dos tecidos moles da face em uma amostra populacional atendida na Seção Técnica de Verificação de Óbitos do município de Guarulhos - São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/23/23148/tde-21012009-151057/.
Full textAbstract:
A técnica auxiliar de identificação conhecida como Reconstrução Facial possibilita a obtenção de uma face a partir da modelagem dos contornos dos tecidos sobre o crânio esqueletizado, aumentando as possibilidades de reconhecimento. A confiabilidade desta técnica depende da avaliação das medidas da espessura observadas para os tecidos moles que recobrem crânio. Essas medidas foram avaliadas numa amostra de cadáveres autopsiada na Seção Técnica de Verificação de Óbitos em Guarulhos, São Paulo. Mensurou-se a espessura manualmente usando a técnica de punção em 10 pontos craniométricos localizados na linha média e 11 pontos bilaterais, numa amostra de 40 cadáveres de ambos os sexos com idades entre 17 e 90 anos, classificados também quanto à cor da pele e ao estado nutricional. Os resultados obtidos para os valores médios, em milímetros, nos pontos medianos para o sexo masculino (n=26) e feminino (n=14) foram: Supraglabela 5,01/4,37; Glabela 5,58/4,66; Nasion 5,90/5,09; Rinio 5,21/4,29; Philtrum Médio 10,60/7,73; Supradentale 9,10/8,74; Infradentale 10,62/9,42; Supramentale 11,00/9,16; Eminência mentoniana 10,64/9,40; Menton 10,40/8,78 e nos pontos bilaterais: Eminência Frontal 4,95/3,98; Supraorbital 6,99/5,84; Suborbital 6,56/6,01; Malar inferior 11,25/10,00; Lateral da órbita 9,10/9,23; Arco Zigomático 9,28/8,88; Supraglenóide 11,61/10,82; Gonion 12,71/10,97; Supra M2 16,41/14,43; Linha oclusal 14,40/11,71 e Sub M2 14,60/11,32. Foi calculada a estatística descritiva, aplicando-se na comparação dos dados o Teste t-Student, ANOVA e Teste Tukey. Os resultados, quando comparados a estudos realizados em outras populações demonstram diferenças na amostra estudada, havendo a necessidade da utilização de uma tabela com valores obtidos na nossa população para a aplicação nas técnicas de reconstrução facial em crânios sem identidade atribuível.The auxiliary technique of identification known as Facial Reconstruction makes possible to obtain a face identification from the contours of the tissue around the skull, increasing the probabilities of recognition. The reliability of this technique depends on the evaluation of the thickness of the soft tissues that cover the skull. Those measurements were evaluated on a sample of studied cadavers in STVO - Guarulhos (Seção Técnica de Verificação de Óbitos), São Paulo, state Brazil. The thickness has been manually measured using the needle puncture technique in 10 anatomical landmarks of the skull located in the midleline and in 11 bilateral points of 40 cadavers of both sexes, aged between 17 and 90 years, classified by skin color and nutritional state. The average results (mm), of the median points for males (n=26) and females (n=14) were: Supraglabella 5,01/4,37; Glabella 5,58/4,66; Nasion 5,90/5,09; Rhinion (end of nasal bone) 5,21/4,29; Mid-philtrum 10,60/7,73; Supradentale (upper lip margin) 9,10/8,74; Infradentale (lower lip margin) 10,62/9,42; Supramentale 11,00/9,16; Mental eminence 10,64/9,40; Menton 10,40/8,78 and of bilateral points: Frontal eminence 4,95/3,98; Supraorbital 6,99/5,84; Suborbital 6,56/6,01; Inferior malar 11,25/10,00; Lateral orbit 9,10/9,23; Zygomatic arch 9,28/8,88; Supraglenoid 11,61/10,82; Gonion 12,71/10,97; Supra M2 (maxilla)16,41/14,43; Occlusal line 14,40/11,71 e Sub M2 (mandible) 14,60/11,32. Descriptive statistics calculations were made accordingly to T-tests, ANOVA and Tukey tests. Those calculations, when compared with other populations studies, showed different results, that lead to the need of using a specific table with values of the local population to implement the technique of facial reconstruction in skulls without an attributable identity.
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Wang, Li-Ying, and 王儷螢. "Soft-Tissue Prediction and Reconstruction after Craniofacial Surgery." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/31665863949470240606.
Full textAbstract:
碩士長庚大學
資訊工程研究所
95
It is always desired for the patients to foresee the result of their own craniofacial surgeries, whether the operation is necessary (due to facial deform, etc.) or for aesthetic purpose. Post-treatment prediction of soft tissue has been the most challenging task in that the correlation between the soft- and hard-tissues may be altered. A semi-automatic process to characterize correspondence of the pre- and post-surgery and visualized assistance for the physician are thus in dire need. In this work, we propose a soft-tissue prediction and reconstruction procedure of the plastic facial surgery includes (1) analysis of craniofacial images, (2) identify the characteristics of the soft tissues, such as fat, skin, etc., and hard tissues, such as bones, (3) reconstruction the projected facial images with treated hard tissues covered with corresponding soft tissues, and finally (4) visualization of the three-dimensional facial model. We developed an interactive and dynamic system that the physician can follow the procedure or create his or her own surgical planning scheme.
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Reason, Marisa. "Defining hard and soft tissue asymmetry using three dimensional CBCT analysis." Thesis, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/32947.
Full textAbstract:
INTRODUCTION: Asymmetry is a common occurrence in the craniofacial bones of humans and as Orthodontists, facial esthetics are a major concern in our daily practice1. However defining asymmetry often relies on a subjective perception or an index that is established using 2-dimensional photos2. To this day, most of the studies provide an arbitrary number to define a subject as asymmetric, but to the best of our knowledge, no study has analyzed subject's hard and soft tissue to find out where asymmetries originate in 3-dimensions.
OBJECTIVES: The aims of the study are to 1) establish appropriate, reproducible soft tissue landmarks and their bony counterparts in CBCT images 2) evaluate the correlation between the skeletal and soft tissue landmarks 3) use the measurements to objectively define asymmetry.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) images of 60 human subjects seeking or undergoing orthodontic treatment (mean age=19.8 ± 11.6) were selected from a CBCT repository. The DICOM files were imported into InVivoDental5.3 software (AnatomageTM; San Jose, Calif.) for screening. Hard and soft tissue masks were created on all scanned images. Two groups were created using a symmetry index adapted from the method prescribed by Grammer and Thornhill2: symmetric (n=48, mean age 19.68) and asymmetric (n=12, mean age=19.92). 10 hard and soft tissue landmarks were identified on each scan in reference to established mid-sagittal, nasion-horizontal, and coronal planes. Linear measurements to the reference planes were recorded giving all landmarks an x-, y-, and z- coordinate. Differences in means and standard deviations of the symmetric and asymmetric groups were done using student t-tests or Wilcoxon rank sum test with a 5% significance level. Spearman correlations tests were done between hard and soft tissue landmarks in the symmetric and asymmetric groups respectively.
RESULTS: The differences in the mean linear distances between the symmetric and the asymmetric groups in 14 hard and soft tissue points to their respective planes were found to be statistically significant: These points included Pog, Pog', Gn, Gn', GoRL, GoRL'. Spearman correlation test showed that the r-values for 15 hard and soft tissue pairs were statistically significant.
CONCLUSION: Statistical significant differences exist in the linear measurements between hard and soft tissue points when comparing symmetric and asymmetric subjects. When we begin to compare the three planes, we see that significant bony asymmetries exist that are not visible to the human eye in 2-dimensions. Therefore, to define asymmetry a 3-dimensional analysis is needed to view where hard and soft tissue asymmetries originate.
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Fuetterer, Lydia. "Optimization and Biological Characterization of Decellularized Adipose Tissue Scaffolds for Soft Tissue Reconstruction." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/8600.
Full textAbstract:
It would be a great advantage in reconstructive surgery to have an off-the-shelf biomaterial to promote regeneration and volume augmentation following soft tissue damage. With this long-term objective, human adipose tissue (fat) is an abundant and accessible source of extracellular matrix (ECM) for bioscaffold fabrication. The main goal of the current research project was to optimize the established 5-day detergent-free decellularization protocol developed by the Flynn group, by shortening it to a maximum of 3 days, while achieving comparable results in terms of cell and lipid extraction with preservation of the ECM. The effectiveness of the optimized protocol was assessed by examination of the decellularized adipose tissue (DAT) and its characteristic biological properties, including in vitro bioactivity assays with human adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) to measure adipogenic potential, as well as in vivo testing of scaffold biocompatibility. In the optimized approach, the addition of mechanical processing steps including repeated pressing and centrifugation were shown to enhance cell extraction. Fibrous ultrastructure was observed under scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for the original and optimized protocols. The preservation of collagen fibres was assessed with picro-sirius red staining and confirmed by high hydroxyproline content. Enhanced preservation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) was determined for the optimized protocol. Residual DNA content was higher in the DAT scaffolds processed with the optimized protocol, including larger DNA fragments that were not typically observed in the samples treated with the original protocol, which incorporated additional enzymatic treatment stages with DNase, RNase and lipase. However, no residual nuclei were visualized through DAPI staining for both protocols. Enhanced removal of DNA was achieved with electron beam (e-beam) sterilization. E-beam sterilization caused some changes in the fine fibrous structure of the ECM, but did not negatively affect the adipo-conductive potential in vitro. In comparison to the original protocol, DAT produced via the optimized protocol exhibited similar adipo-conductive properties in vitro. The in vivo biocompatibility study over a 16 week period using an immunocompetent Wistar rat model showed promising results. DAT implants produced with the original and optimized protocols promoted adipogenesis and angiogenesis, gradually being remodelled to resemble mature adipose tissue.Thesis (Master, Chemical Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2014-01-30 12:25:22.044
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Yeh, Kai-Jing, and 葉凱菁. "Hard and soft tissue evaluation of facial asymmetry: 3D analysis using CBCT." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/4967yz.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
臨床牙醫學研究所
106
Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate facial asymmetry 3 dimensionally using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in skeletal Class III patients. Material and methods: The patients were classified into 3 groups based on the relationship of direction and amount of menton deviation relative to the transverse ramus width asymmetry. In groups 1 and 2, menton deviation was accompanied by a larger transverse ramus distance on the deviated side. While in group 1 the amount of menton deviation was greater than that of ramus asymmetry, group 2 patients showed a smaller menton deviation in comparison to ramus asymmetry. Patients in group 3 exhibited an atypical asymmetry of larger ramus distance contralateral to the side of menton deviation. Statistical analysis was run to compare hard/ soft tissue characteristics between the deviation side and non-deviation side in each group. Difference of the structural characteristics among 3 groups were also delineated by using one-way ANOVA and posy-hoc tests. Results: Group 1 showed the greatest amount of menton deviation. Significant greater transverse dimension of maxilla and mandible were noted for the deviation side. In addition, maxilla exhibited downward canting in the non-deviation side, and the ramus of the deviation side was more buccal inclined than that of the non-deviation side. The bucco-lingual axes of maxillary first molars were compensated to transverse skeletal asymmetry, which resulted in canting in the maxillary occlusal plane. In contrast, no significant difference in soft tissue thickness between the deviation side and the non-deviation side was observed. Group 2 showed the lowest amount of menton deviation. Significant greater transverse dimension of maxilla and mandible were observed at the deviation side. No significant difference was noted in the bucco-lingual tooth axis of bilateral maxillary first molars nor dentoalveolar heights was observed between the deviated and non-deviated sides. There was no significant difference in soft tissue thickness between the deviation and non-deviation sides. In group 3, the Jugular point was more anterior positioned in the non-deviation side than the deviation side. The transverse dimension of mandible was significant greater at the non-deviation side. The asymmetry in bucco-lingual inclination of bilateral maxillary first molars was not statistically significant, suggesting that no obvious dental compensation existed. However, the soft tissue thickness was significant greater at the deviation side. The Jugular-C measurement was significant different between the 3 groups. In group 1 and 3, the Jugular point was more anteriorly positioned at the non-deviated side than the deviation side. Most of the measurements representing mandibular structures were significant different among 3 groups. Similarly, in group 1 and 3, the mandibular foramen and mental foramen were more anteriorly positioned at the non-deviation side. Group 1 exhibited more buccally inclined ramus at the deviation side than the other 2 groups. Group 3 showed the smallest amount of transverse width discrepancy between bilateral ramus. There were significant differences in the measurements of maxilla U6 canting and maxilla U6 dimension difference between 3 groups. Group 1 showed greatest maxilla U6 canting and transverse width discrepancy. All the soft tissue measurements were significant different among the 3 groups. The lip canting was of greatest amount in group 1. Group 3 exhibited the greatest difference in the bilateral soft tissue thickness of the lower face. Conclusion Different structural characteristics were found among 3 groups. In Group 1 patients, the maxillomandibular complex exhibited displacement including a roll rotation in frontal view and a yaw rotation in axial view to the deviation side. As to group 2 patients, facial asymmetry was characterized by mandible sideshift to the deviation side. Abruptly, the maxillomandibular complex of group 3 patients exhibited a yaw rotation to the deviation side.
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Ciudad, Pedro, and 潘德洛. "Bridging the gap from autologous tissue transfer toward large - volume soft tissue reconstruction using microsurgical techniques." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/75396437999913349526.
Full textAbstract:
博士國立中興大學
組織工程與再生醫學博士學位學程
104
Autologous soft tissue flaps are used in clinical reconstructive surgery for repairing large tissue defects. However, with increasing trauma and cancer resections, the limited soft tissue donor sites have proved to be insufficient and seriously impede optimal reconstruction. In the recent few decades, although tissue engineering has developed very fast which gives us the hope to solve this problem, there are still some issues with the clinical applications. Microsurgery might be a good opportunity to advance the clinical applications of tissue-engineered soft tissues. In this dissertation, the clinical successes of applications of microsurgery in breast and pelviperineal reconstructions were described respectively. A study of series of patients where we have performed autologous unilateral breast and pelviperineal reconstruction using the combined transverse upper gracilis and profunda artery perforator (TUGPAP) flap, which is a combination of the previously described TUG and PAP flaps. Surgical options for breast reconstruction include alloplastic and autogenous reconstructions. In autologous cases where the abdomen is not a suitable primary donor site, secondary donor sites such as the thigh or buttock are considered. The aim of breast reconstruction was to describe a novel flap, the TUGPAP flap, aimed at medium to large volume breast reconstruction, with a single donor site used per breast. In 9 cases, patients had previously undergone abdominal surgery, therefore abdominal flaps were excluded and TUGPAP flaps were performed with the described technique. The flap survival rate was 100% with no reexploration, and no partial flap loss. The mean size of the harvested skin paddle was 28.6 x 8 cm2 (range, 27 x 7 cm2 to 30 x 9 cm2). All TUGPAP flaps were based on two pedicles. With appropriate patient selection and surgical technique the TUGPAP flap could be a valuable option as an alternative method to achieve good results for autologous breast reconstruction. Pelvic-perineal defect reconstruction can be difficult for management; and presently, many pedicled flaps have been described for its surgical management. We present two cases of patients with complex pelvic-perineal defects reconstructed using our previous reported TUGPAP flap. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report using these combined flaps for large pelvic-perineal defects, overcoming the skin and soft tissue volume limitation, confronted with during individual use of these flaps (TUG and PAP). We believe this comprehensive approach may represent a valuable, reliable and safe technique that provides a flap with abundant, well-vascularized tissue for obliteration of dead space, prevention of infection and reconstruction of the pelvic floor to prevent herniation in pelvic-perineal reconstructions. In the end, we talked about how to apply microsurgical techniques to bridge engineered biomaterial in the large-volume soft tissue reconstruction. We suggested the use of microsurgical techniques can improve vascularization of our engineered soft tissue in rodent model studies.
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Li-Ting and 陳儷婷. "Evaluation of the soft- to hard- tissue movement after orthognathic surgery of mandibular setback." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/10529307681195532875.
Full textAbstract:
碩士中山醫學大學
牙醫學系碩士班
99
Depending on the degree of severity, the facial characteristics of Angle’s Class III malocclusion with mandibular prognathism may show a straight to concave profile. People would seek for treatment of mandibular prognathism owing to factors such as facial esthetics, poor chewing function, interpersonal relationship and psychological impacts. For adult Class III malocclusion with severe mandibular prognathism, treatment frequently requires a combination of orthodontic and orthognathic surgical procedures. The aims of this study were to investigate the profile changes in lower face and the correlations between soft and hard tissue changes in Angle’s Class III malocclusion cases after mandibular setback surgery with intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy (IVRO) approach. The sample of this study included 21 Taiwanese patients (11 males, 10 females) with skeletal Class III malocclusion (ANB : - 4°; Wits: -14.1 mm). All the 21 patients have completed a combined fixed orthodontic treatment and orthognatic surgical treatment with IVRO mandibular setback and six weeks of maxillo-mandibular fixation at Chung Shan Medical University Hospital during 2009 and 2010. The pretreatment (T0), pre-surgical (T1) and post-treatment (T2) lateral cephalographs were collected. All the soft and hard tissue changes were measured and analyzed by paired t test. In this study the mean patient’s age was 22 ±3.9 years, and mean treatment time was 25.9 months. The results of this study showed that: (1)The mean ANB angle increased 5.37° (pretreatment ANB - 4.04°; post-treatment ANB 1.33 °). (2)The mean Nasolabial angle increased 11.20°. (pretreatment Nasolabial angle 91.49°; posttreatment Nasolabial angle 102.69 °). (3)The mean Wits A/B distance decreased 8.43 mm. (pretreatment Wits A/B -14.14 mm; post-treatment Wits A/B 5.71 mm) . (4)The patients underwent mandibular surgery had an average of 10.93 mm setback at the osseous pogonion (Pog). Five parts of the soft tissue were analyzed and revealing that: (a). the mean setback at most retrusive point of upper lip (sls) was 0.60 mm , the setback ration of Pog / sls was 1:0.05 ; (b). the mean setback at most protrusive point of upper lip (ula) was 1.45 mm , the setback ration of Pog / ula was 1:0.13; (c) . the mean setback at most protrusive point of lower lip (ils) was 8.69 mm , the setback ration of Pog / ils was 1:0.79 ; (d). the mean setback at most retrusive point of lower lip (ila) was 7.29 mm , the setback ration of Pog / ila was 1:0.66 . And the last analysis showed that mean soft tissue pogonion (pog) was setback 9.30 mm, the setback ratio of hard to soft tissue pogonion Pog/pog was1:0.85. This study showed that mandibular setback surgery was effective for improvement of adult Class III prognathic profile by significant changes seen in ANB angle , Nasolabial angle and the distances of Wits A/B. The soft tissue changes of the lower face differed at different parts (pog, sls, ula, ils, and ila as in this study), and the soft to hard tissue ratio also different in subjects with mandibular prognathism. We hope more cases can be collected to obtain more detail data that would be helpful in surgical prediction for prospective Taiwanese Class III orthognathic surgery patients
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Chang, Yu Jen, and 張毓仁. "3D Soft Tissue Changes Responding to Hard Tissue Movements after Bimaxillary Orthognathic Surgery–Clinical Application of Computer-Aided Simulated Navigation." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/54j9rt.
Full textAbstract:
碩士長庚大學
顱顏口腔醫學研究所
104
Objective 3D simulated navigation in OGS is a technique that provides support during surgery and provides a bony "guiding splint" to precisely place the bony segments into the planned position. The aim of this study was to analyze the pre- and post-surgical soft-tissue and hard-tissue correlations, ratios, and regressions of patients following our Computer-Aided Three-Dimensional Simulation and Navigation in OGS (CASNOS) procedures. Material/Methods Forty adult patients at Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan (n=40; 11 men, 29 women; age, 23.5±4.9 years) undergoing 2-jaw OGS (maxillary Le Fort I osteotomy and mandible bilateral sagittal split osteotomy) were selected retrospectively after excluding for craniofacial syndromes. Each patient had complete records, including CT imaging data from 3 weeks before surgery to 6 months after surgery. We used two open-source software: ITK-SNAP and 3D-Slicer to analyze 15 landmarks in hard tissue and corresponding soft tissue 3-D movement; then subdivided all 40 cases into two groups: Clockwise/Counter-Clockwise rotation, and Symmetry/Asymmetry to determine the correlations, ratios, and regression between soft-hard-tissue. Results (1) We found a high correlation between 3D skin and bone changes, and especially, AP direction was the most important factor responsible for soft tissue movement in all these three directions. (2) The ratio of 3D skin/bone was as follows: ANS/tip of Nose = 0.54, A/Subnasale = 0.58, Upper lip/Upper central incisor = 0.67, Lower lip/ Lower central incisor =0.76, B/Si =0.93, Pog =0.92, and Me =0.92. (3) We also found that the regression of 3D SOFT TISSUE = a0+a1*BONEAP+ a2*BONEVer.+ a3*BONELat. Conclusion 3D analysis can help predict soft-tissue profile while simulating bony movement. Our study provides 3D quantitative data of OGS planning by using 3D CT simulation and navigation. In the future, we can use 3D surface simulation to actually predict the surgical outcome.
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Aulsebrook, William Alexander. "The establishment of soft tissue thicknesses and profiles for reconstruction of the adult male Zulu face." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/21330.
Full textAbstract:
A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Dentistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy. 1993Three-dimensional forensic facial reconstruction involves the building up in clay of the soft tissues of the human face onto an unidentified skull to suggest the identity of its owner. Early researchers physically punctured the facial tissues of cadavers at known anthropological to measure their depth. Later workers used radiography, ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging for collecting both depth and surface data on the head and face.
GR 2016
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Babaniyi, Olalekan Adeoye. "Direct elastic modulus reconstruction via sparse relaxation of physical constraints." Thesis, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/17151.
Full textAbstract:
Biomechanical imaging (BMI) is the process of non-invasively measuring the spatial
distribution of mechanical properties of biological tissues. The most common
approach uses ultrasound to non-invasively measure soft tissue deformations. The
measured deformations are then used in an inverse problem to infer local tissue mechanical
properties. Thus quantifying local tissue mechanical properties can enable
better medical diagnosis, treatment, and understanding of various diseases.
A major difficulty with ultrasound biomechanical imaging is getting accurate measurements
of all components of the tissue displacement vector field. One component
of the displacement field, that parallel to the direction of sound propagation, is typically
measured accurately and precisely; the others are available at such low precision
that they may be disregarded in the first instance. If all components were available at
high precision, the inverse problem for mechanical properties could be solved directly,
and very efficiently. When only one component is available, the inverse problem solution
is necessarily iterative, and relatively speaking, computationally inefficient.
The goal of this thesis, therefore, is to develop a processing method that can be
used to recover the missing displacement data with sufficient precision to allow the
direct reconstruction of the linear elastic modulus distribution in tissue. This goal
was achieved by using a novel spatial regularization to adaptively enforce and locally
relax a special form of momentum conservation on the measured deformation field.
The new processing method was implemented with the Finite Element Method
(FEM). The processing method was tested with simulated data, measured data from
a tissue mimicking phantom, and in-vivo clinical data of breast masses, and in all
cases it was able to recover precise estimates the full 2D displacement and strain fields.
The recovered strains were then used to calculate the material property distribution
directly.
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Pinch, Lyla. "The application of facial reconstruction based upon ultrasound measurement of soft tissue thickness to selected problems in human paleontology." 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/28645.
Full text
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Finkbiner, Jenny Jean. "Clinically relevant adipose tissue engineering strategies and market potential." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2010-12-2135.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis presents a foundation for developing a business case for companies interested in the reconstructive and cosmetic procedure markets. The focus is on reviewing adipose tissue engineering research and proposing technology opportunities that could be applied to challenging soft tissue reconstruction cases and adjacently applied to cosmetic applications. To establish the foundation for this type of program, this thesis includes an evaluation of the reconstructive and cosmetic procedure markets, current practices in these markets and their constraints, as well as a literature review of research in adipose tissue engineering and its potential clinical applications. Additionally it captures the competitive landscape of major players in the reconstructive market as well as up-and-coming players in the adipose tissue engineering field. Technology development opportunities with associated customer and business value are discussed with a recommendation for the development of a detailed business case to evaluate specific product development opportunities in these markets.text
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Laher, Abdullah. "The ultrasonographic determination of the position of the mental foramen in relation to hard and soft tissue landmarks in a selected South African black and Caucasian adult population." Thesis, 2013.
Find full textAbstract:
A research report submitted to the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the
Witwatersrand, Johannesburg in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the
degree of Master of Medicine (Emergency Medicine)
Johannesburg, 2013Background: Ultrasound can accurately locate the mental foramen and may facilitate local anaesthesia to the mental nerve under direct visualization. Methods: 100 subjects were included. An ultrasound transducer was used to locate the mental foramina. Distances to various landmarks were measured and compared. Results: All mental foramina were visualised. Overall the most frequent position of the mental foramen in relation to vertical hard tissue landmarks was in line with the long axis of the 2nd premolar tooth on the right and between 1st and 2nd premolar teeth on the left. There were no statistically significant differences between race groups, gender and age categories. The mean hard tissue distances from the mental foramen on the right and left sides respectively were as follows: a) 22.8 mm (SD 2.1 mm) and 22.8 mm (SD 2.0 mm) to the cusp of the related tooth. b) 13.2 mm (SD 1.6 mm) and 13.2 mm (SD 1.6 mm) to the inferior border of the mandible. The mean soft tissue distances from the mental foramen on the right and left sides respectively were as follows: a) 3.4 mm (SD 1.7 mm) and 3.4 mm (SD 1.5 mm) lateral to a vertical line passing through the chelion. b) 20.1 mm (SD 2.6 mm) and 20.1 mm (SD 2.6 mm) distal to a horizontal line bisecting the chelions. c) 15.1 mm (SD 3.4 mm) and 15.0 mm (SD 2.4 mm) to the inferior border of the mandible. Conclusion: Ultrasound is an effective modality to locate the mental foramen. There is insignificant variation in the position of the mental foramen in relation to v the mandibular premolar teeth between races. Statistically significant differences, for the distance of the mental foramen to various landmarks, were minimal and are not regarded clinically significant.
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Esteves, Pedro Manuel Borges. "Reações adversas medicamentosas na cavidade oral." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/89831.
Full textAbstract:
Trabalho Final do Mestrado Integrado em Medicina apresentado à Faculdade de MedicinaObjetivos: Identificar as reações adversas medicamentosas que mais frequentemente acometem a cavidade oral e os fármacos responsáveis por as desencadear. Introdução: A presente revisão tem como objetivo a análise e a condensação do atual estado da arte relativo às reações adversas medicamentosas (RAM) na cavidade oral. As iatrogenias passíveis de ocorrer na cavidade oral são muito diversas e, mesmo quando nos focamos apenas na iatrogenia medicamentosa, são várias as que merecem ser relevadas. Assim sendo, e descurando apenas de abordar as reações com diminuta representatividade, serão retratadas as seguintes: xerostomia, sialorreia, alterações das glândulas salivares, mucosite oral, lesões liquenóides orais, eritema multiforme, penfigóide, lúpus eritematoso, angioedema, pigmentação da membrana mucosa, hiperplasia gengival, osteonecrose da mandíbula, cáries dentárias, alterações do paladar, halitose e neuropatia. Estas reações adversas medicamentosas são aqui apreciadas enquanto entidades nosológicas individuais. Relativamente a cada uma delas será abordada a sua etiopatogenia, bem como a clínica inerente e consequentes diagnóstico e tratamento. Métodos: A redação do presente artigo de revisão teve por base uma pesquisa em motores de busca como o PubMed e B-On, tendo-se ainda recorrido a livros de texto, de forma a melhor a complementar. Na tentativa de obter informação o mais atual possível, balizou-se a pesquisa a artigos com não mais de 10 anos e, de forma a adequar aos objetivos previamente estabelecidos, deu-se especial importância a artigos de revisão e relatos de caso. Os descritores usados aquando da pesquisa informática foram “adverse drug reaction”, “drug induced, oral manifestations” “xerostomia”, “sialorrhea”, “changes in the salivary glands”, “oral mucositis”, “oral lichenoid reactions”, “oral erythema multiforme”, “oral pemphigoid”, “oral lupus erythematosus”, “angioedema”, “pigmentation of the mucous membrane”, “gingival hyperplasia”, “mandibular osteonecrosis”, “dental caries”, “alterations of the palate”, “halitosis” e “neuropathy”.Conclusão: Embora a ocorrência de RAM na cavidade oral seja relativamente comum, ainda não lhes é atribuído o devido reconhecimento [4]. Porém, cada vez mais agentes terapêuticos são introduzidos na prática clínica, sendo provável que o número de RAM reportado também aumente [3], pelo que esta matéria deve ser progressivamente identificada como muito relevante na prática clínica, defendendo-se o aumento da atenção e interesse dos profissionais neste mesmo assunto.
Objectives: Identify the adverse drug reactions that most frequently affect the oral cavity and the drugs responsible for triggering them.Introduction: The present review aims to analyze and condense the current state-of-the-art regarding adverse drug reactions in the oral cavity. The iatrogens that can occur in the oral cavity are numerous, and even when it comes to drug iatrogenesis, several are worth mentioning. Therefore, and not mentioning only the reactions with diminished representability, will be portrayed the following: xerostomia, sialorrhea, salivary gland alterations, oral mucositis, oral lichenoid lesions, erythema multiforme, pemphigoid, lupus erythematosus, angioedema, mucous membrane pigmentation, gingival hyperplasia, osteonecrosis of the mandible, dental caries, alterations of the palate, halitosis and neuropathy. These adverse drug reactions are appreciated here as individual nosological entities. For each of them, the various drugs and other substances that are in their genesis are discussed, as well as the mains signs and symptoms and consequent diagnosis and treatment. Regarding each one of them, it will be approached its etiopathogenesis, as well as the characteristic clinic and consequent diagnosis and treatment. Methods: The writing of this article is based on a search in search engines such as PubMed and B-On, and also resorted to textbooks, in order to a better complement. In an attempt to obtain the most up-to-date information possible, research was carried out on articles that were no more than 10 years old and, in order to adapt to the previously established objectives, special importance was given to review articles and case reports. The descriptors used in the online research were "adverse drug reaction, oral drug manifestations" "xerostomia", "sialorrhea", "changes in the salivary glands", "oral mucositis", "oral lichenoid reactions", "oral erythema multiforme”, “oral pemphigoid”, “oral lupus erythematosus”, “angioedema”, “pigmentation of the mucous membrane”, “gingival hyperplasia”, “mandibular osteonecrosis”, “dental caries”, “alterations of the palate”, “halitosis” and“neuropathy”.Results: Although the occurrence of ADR in the oral cavity is relatively common, they are not yet properly recognized [4]. However, more and more therapeutic agents are introduced in clinical practice, and it is probable that the number of ADRs will also increase [3]. Therefore, this matter should be progressively identified as very relevant in clinical practice, advocating increased attention and interest of professionals in the same subject.
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McNamara, Laurie Jennifer. "Hard and soft tissue contributions to the esthetics of the posed smile in adolescents seeking orthodontic treatment a thesis submitted in partial fulfillment ... for the degree of Master of Science in Orthodontics ... /." 2005. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/67878318.html.
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Drgáčová, Anna. "Rekonstrukce obličeje na základě lebky: analýza CT snímků hlavy dospělé populace." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-332396.
Full textAbstract:
AJ Knowledge of the soft facial tissues is the basis of any craniofacial reconstruction. It is of a great importance mainly for forensic practice, but it plays an important role in other fields, for example aesthetic surgery. Defining the thickness of facial tissues for different sexes, age and ethnic groups is an important aspect of forensic anthropology. The thesis specialises in finding out the thickness of soft facial tissues in modern czech population, it takes into consideration the sex, age and assymetry. The main source of information are the CT scans of the heads of 46 adult women and 56 adult men of czech nationality ranging between ages 21 to 83. 80 landmarks are defined in each scan, therefore 40 linear measurements between corresponding points have been evaluated. Data were analysed using the PCA, Hotelling test, linear discrimination analysis, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, MANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis test and Wilcoxon paired test. Retrieved thicknesses of soft tissues will serve as the standards for the current czech population. Sexual dimorphism has been proven regarding the whole face, as well as both upper and lower parts of the face. The success of classification on the upper part of the face decresases significantly. Aging has been proven to have strong effect on the thickness of soft...
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Jayaprakash, *. "Automated Selection of Hyper-Parameters in Diffuse Optical Tomographic Image Reconstruction." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/3276.
Full textAbstract:
Diffuse optical tomography is a promising imaging modality that provides functional information of the soft biological tissues, with prime imaging applications including breast and brain tissue in-vivo. This modality uses near infrared light( 600nm-900nm) as the probing media, giving an advantage of being non-ionizing imaging modality.
The image reconstruction problem in diffuse optical tomography is typically posed as a least-squares problem that minimizes the difference between experimental and modeled data with respect to optical properties. This problem is non-linear and ill-posed, due to multiple scattering of the near infrared light in the biological tissues, leading to infinitely many possible solutions. The traditional methods employ a regularization term to constrain the solution space as well as stabilize the solution, with Tikhonov type regularization being the most popular one. The choice of this regularization parameter, also known as hyper parameter, dictates the reconstructed optical image quality and is typically chosen empirically or based on prior experience.
In this thesis, a simple back projection type image reconstruction algorithm is taken up, as they are known to provide computationally efficient solution compared to regularized solutions. In these algorithms, the hyper parameter becomes equivalent to filter factor and choice of which is typically dependent on the sampling interval used for acquiring data in each projection and the angle of projection. Determining these parameters for diffuse optical tomography is not so straightforward and requires usage of advanced computational models. In this thesis, a computationally efficient simplex
Method based optimization scheme for automatically finding this filter factor is proposed and its performances is evaluated through numerical and experimental phantom data. As back projection type algorithms are approximations to traditional methods, the absolute quantitative accuracy of the reconstructed optical properties is poor .In scenarios, like dynamic imaging, where the emphasis is on recovering relative difference in the optical properties, these algorithms are effective in comparison to traditional methods, with an added advantage being highly computationally efficient.
In the second part of this thesis, this hyper parameter choice for traditional Tikhonov type regularization is attempted with the help of Least-Squares QR-decompisition (LSQR) method. The established techniques that enable the automated choice of hyper parameters include Generalized Cross-Validation(GCV) and regularized Minimal Residual Method(MRM), where both of them come with higher over head of computation time, making it prohibitive to be used in the real-time. The proposed LSQR algorithm uses bidiagonalization of the system matrix to result in less computational cost. The proposed LSQR-based algorithm for automated choice of hyper parameter is compared with MRM methods and is proven to be computationally optimal technique through numerical and experimental phantom cases.
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Guerreiro, Carla Sofia Gonçalves. "Análise da posição dos lábios no contexto da face: caso clínico." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/6690.
Full textAbstract:
Este caso clínico pretende abordar duas análises cefalométricas existentes, a análise cefalométrica de Ricketts e, a mais recente, análise geométrica desenvolvida por Silva, C. A amostra trata-se de um paciente do género feminino, com 34 anos de idade, que representa um tipo facial dólico facial suave. Através dos parâmetros de Ricketts e da análise geométrica fez-se a avaliação da posição dos lábios e dos dentes. Ambos os traçados foram efetuados por um profissional experiente.
Segundo a análise cefalométrica de Ricketts o lábio inferior é determinante e o superior adapta-se, situação esta invertida à luz da Análise Geométrica Individualizada de Harmonia Facial, assim como o conceito da primazia dos tecidos moles sobre os tecidos duros na AGIHF, este parâmetro é imprescindível no diagnóstico e planeamento do tratamento para chegar a uma harmonia facial. Na análise de Ricketts dá-se primazia aos tecidos duros sobre os tecidos moles. Estas diferenças de conceitos, torna possível obter observações clínicas e diagnósticos diferentes num mesmo paciente.This clinical case is intended to approach two existing cephalometric analysis, a cephalometric analysis of Ricketts and the most recent, geometric analysis developed by Silva, C. The sample taken is a female patient, with 34 years old, representing a Soft facial dolic facial type. Through the parameters of Ricketts and the geometric analysis an evaluation of the position of the lips and the teeth was made. Both traces were performed by an experienced professional. According to the cephalometric analysis of Ricketts, the inferior lip is determinant and the upper lip adapts, a situation reversed in the light of the Individualized Geometric Analysis of Facial Harmony, as well as the concept of soft tissues primacy over the hard tissues in the AGIHF, this parameter is essential on diagnosis and treatment planning for a facial harmony response. Ricketts analysis gives primacy to hard tissues over soft tissues. These differences of concepts make it possible to obtain different clinical and diagnostic observations in the same patient.
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Khalil, Joseph. "Socket-shield and immediate implantation." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/5500.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction - After tooth extraction, the alveolar bone undergoes a remodeling process,
wich leads to horizontal and vertical bone loss. These resorption processes complicate
dental rehabilitation, particularly in connection with implants. Various methods of guided
bone regeneration have been described to retain the original dimension of the bone after
extraction. Most procedures use filler materials and membranes to support the buccal plate
and soft tissue, to stabilize the coagulum and to prevent epithelial ingrowth. It has also been
suggested that resorption of the buccal bundle bone can be avoided by leaving a buccal root
segment (socket-shield technique) in place, because the biological integrity of the buccal
periodontum remains untouched. This method has also been decribed in connection with
immediate implant placement.
Objective - This literature review aim enumerate and describe the different treatments and
tissue reactions after tooth extraction, immediate and delayed implantation. The socketshield
technique, the evolution in tooth extraction and immediate implantation with high
esthetic results due to the preservation of hard and soft tissues by leaving a buccal root
segment in place.
Materials and methods - For this purpose a research has been done and data was obtained
from on-line resources: Medline, Pubmed, Scielo, Bireme, Bon, books and specialized
magazines which was conducted between January 2016 and May 2016. A number of
articles have been obtained in English and French ,published between 1997 and 2015 . The
key words used were implantology, dental implant, hard/soft tissue, tooth extraction,
immediate implantation, delayed implantation, socket-shield.
Conclusion - In socket-shield technique, there were neither functional nor aesthetic
changes in soft and hard tissues. It’s already a routine practice in the arsenal of highaesthetic
immediate implantology and should be used when indicated. Although this
technique is quiet promising, we should be aware of the incoming publications about a larger follow up and the predictability of leaving a fragment inside the socket after an
extraction.Introdução - Após extração dentária o osso sofre um processso de remodelação que consequentemente conduz à perda óssea horizontal e vertical. Este processo de reabsorção óssea condiciona a reabilitação dentária particularmente quando esta é implanto-suportada. Para preconizar a manutenção da dimensão óssea após exodontia têm sido descritos na literatura vários métodos de regeneração guiada. Recorrem-se a preenchimentos com materiais e membranas de modo a criar suporte na tábua óssea e tecidos moles. Desta forma, estabilize-se o coágulo e evite-se a recessão epitelial. Foi também sugerido que um método a utilizar para evitar a reabsorção óssea é deixando um segmento radicular no local de modo a que consigamos manter o periodonto intacto (técnica socket-shield). Este método pode ser aplicado concomitantemente com implante imediato. Objectivo - Esta revisão bibliográfica procura enumerar e descrever diferentes técnicas, tratamentos e reações tecidulares após a extração dentária com recurso à implante imediato ou mediato. A preservação dos tecidos moles e duros é garantida através da colocação prévia de um segmento radicular no local, da evolução da técnica cirúrgica de exodontia assim como a implantologia imediata com elevada satisfação estética. Materias e metodos - Com o objectivo de descrever esta técnica foram efectuadas pesquisas em bases de dados como: Scielo, Medline, Bireme, Pubmed, Bon, livros e também revistas da especialidade, entre os meses de Janeiro e Maio de 2016. Um número de artigos obtidos em inglês e francês publicados entre 1997 e 2015 . As palavras-chave utilizadas foram : implantologia, implante dentário, tecido duro e tecido mole, exodontia, implante imediato, implante mediato, socket-shield. Conclusão - Na técnica socket-shield não houve alteração estética nem funcional nos tecidos duros e moles. Esta, é já prática corrente na técnica implantar imediata associada ao sucesso estético e deverá, portanto, ser utilizada quando assim for indicada. Apesar desta técnica ser altamente promissora, devemos mantermo-nos atentos às publicacões relativas ao follow-up e à possibilidade de deixar fragmentos dentro do socket após extração dentária.