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Journal articles on the topic '"soft and hard tissue" reconstruction'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 9 March 2023

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1

Lautenschlager, Stephan. "DIGITAL RECONSTRUCTION OF SOFT-TISSUE STRUCTURES IN FOSSILS." Paleontological Society Papers 22 (September 2016): 101–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/scs.2017.10.

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AbstractIn the last two decades, advances in computational imaging techniques and digital visualization have created novel avenues for the study of fossil organisms. As a result, paleontology has undergone a shift from the pure study of physically preserved bones and teeth, and other hard tissues, to using virtual computer models to study specimens in greater detail, restore incomplete specimens, and perform biomechanical analyses. The rapidly increasing application of these techniques has further paved the way for the digital reconstruction of soft-tissue structures, which are rarely preserved or otherwise available in the fossil record. In this contribution, different types of digital soft-tissue reconstructions are introduced and reviewed. Provided examples include methodological approaches for the reconstruction of musculature, endocranial components (e.g., brain, inner ear, and neurovascular structures), and other soft tissues (e.g., whole-body and life reconstructions). Digital techniques provide versatile tools for the reconstruction of soft tissues, but given the nature of fossil specimens, some limitations and uncertainties remain. Nevertheless, digital reconstructions can provide new information, in particular if interpreted in a phylogenetically grounded framework. Combined with other digital analytical techniques (e.g., finite element analysis [FEA], multibody dynamics analysis [MDA], and computational fluid dynamics [CFD]), soft-tissue reconstructions can be used to elucidate the paleobiology of extinct organisms and to test competing evolutionary hypotheses.

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2

Harris, Christopher M., and Robert Laughlin. "Reconstruction of Hard and Soft Tissue Maxillofacial Defects." Atlas of the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics 21, no. 1 (March 2013): 127–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cxom.2012.12.004.

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3

Marx, Robert E. "Principles of hard and soft tissue reconstruction of the jaws." Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 49, no. 8 (August 1991): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0278-2391(91)90553-x.

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4

Wang, Li Ping, Jiang Hui Dong, Long Wang, Hong Jian Liao, and Rong Lin Liang. "Study on Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of the Individualized Maxillofacial Soft and Hard Tissue." Applied Mechanics and Materials 543-547 (March 2014): 2137–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.543-547.2137.

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The three-dimensional modeling of the maxillofacial soft and hard tissue has a great significance for the study of facial growth and development, diagnosis and treatment of facial deformity, postoperative face prediction and treatment evaluation. The key technology of the maxillofacial soft and hard tissue reconstruction is described.

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Dias, Paulo Eduardo Miamoto, Thiago Leite Beaini, and Rodolfo Francisco Haltenhoff Melani. "Evaluation of osifix software with craniofacial anthropometric purposes." Journal of Research in Dentistry 1, no. 4 (December 14, 2013): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.19177/jrd.v1e42013351-367.

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Forensic Facial Reconstruction is a branch of Forensic Anthropology that attempts to approximate the appearance of an unknown individual through soft tissue reconstruction, after anthropological craniofacial analysis is carried out. The reconstruction publicized in the media aims at a recognition, which can trigger formal human identification. Knowing the anthropometric relationships between hard and soft tissues is useful to increase the accuracy of reconstructions. It was sought to evaluate the performance of the software OsiriX as a tool for anthropometric analysis of both hard and soft tissues. In cone beam CBCT scans of eight individuals, seven linear distances, determined by 14 anatomical landmarks on hard and soft tissues were measured. Intra-observer and inter-observer variation were evaluated by two criteria: reproducibility of landmark location on skull surface and reproducibility of measurement values in millimeters. For intra-observer evaluation, the sample was measured twice within an interval of two weeks. To assess inter-observer variation three independent operators performed measurements once. For reproducibility of anatomical landmarks, the metadata containing the distance in millimeters from each point to the origin of the x, y and z axis were obtained from the software. Means and standard deviations for the set of linear measurements and coordinates of the points were analyzed, and the difference between the standard deviations was used to classify reproducibility. For intra and inter-observer variations, most of the landmarks were located with less than 0.5mm of difference between measurements. For the corresponding measurements, made between these landmarks, most were repeated with less than 1.5 mm of difference for both intra and inter-observer variation. In practical terms, the differences detected did not hamper the use of the software as a tool for anthropometric studies. The use of OsiriX is an alternative for anthropological study of craniofacial hard and soft tissues from CBCT.

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MACKINNON, SUSAN E., and A. LEE DELLON. "Soft Tissue Expanders in Hand Reconstruction." Journal of Hand Surgery 12, no. 1 (February 1987): 73–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0266-7681_87_90063-5.

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Eight cases in which soft tissue expanders have been used as an adjunct to reconstruction in the hand are reported. Cases involved reconstruction after skin grafting for burns and crush injuries as well as skin resurfacing in the management of the painful hand. Patient tolerance was excellent and the final result was significantly aided by the use of this technique. The technical details of expansion as well as complications are discussed.

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Mackinnon, Susan E., and A. Lee Dellon. "Soft Tissue Expanders in Hand Reconstruction." Journal of Hand Surgery 17, no. 5 (October 1992): 597–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0266-7681(05)80252-9.

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Eight cases in which soft tissue expanders have been used as an adjunct to reconstruction in the hand are reported. Cases involved reconstruction after skin grafting for burns and crush injuries as well as skin resurfacing in the management of the painful hand. Patient tolerance was excellent and the final result was significantly aided by the use of this technique. The technical details of expansion as well as complications are discussed.

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8

Friedrich, Jeffrey B., Leonid I. Katolik, and Nicholas B. Vedder. "Soft Tissue Reconstruction of the Hand." Journal of Hand Surgery 34, no. 6 (July 2009): 1148–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhsa.2009.04.035.

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9

MACKINNON, S., and A. LEEDELLON. "Soft tissue expanders in hand reconstruction." Journal of Hand Surgery: Journal of the British Society for Surgery of the Hand 12, no. 1 (February 1987): 73–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0266-7681(87)90063-5.

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10

Kim, Roderick Y., Momofiyin Sokoya, Fayette C. Williams, Tom Shokri, and Yadranko Ducic. "Role of Free Tissue Transfer in Facial Trauma." Facial Plastic Surgery 35, no. 06 (November 29, 2019): 584–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1700880.

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AbstractFor large composite traumatic defects of the head and neck, free tissue transfer presents a reconstructive allowing for the reconstitution of both form and function. Furthermore, the ability to provide bulk, soft, and hard tissue, as well as immediate dental rehabilitation, makes free tissue transfer an efficient and attractive option for head and neck reconstruction. Herein, we discuss the utility of free tissue transfer in facial trauma, its problems, complications, and controversies.

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11

Adani, Roberto, Jin Bo Tang, and David Elliot. "Soft and tissue repair of the hand and digital reconstruction." Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 47, no. 1 (October 20, 2021): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17531934211051303.

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This article summarizes the current views and proposed approaches to treating soft tissue defects of the hand. The article also outlines some key considerations of digital reconstruction. There are many options in treating soft tissue defects. For defects of the hand, local flaps are primarily considered if the defects are small or moderate in size. A vascularized free flap is only considered for a defect of large size (3 cm long or larger). Thumb reconstruction is of primary importance, while reconstruction of two fingers is necessary when all fingers are lost. Reconstructions of a missing distal part of a finger or reconstruction of an entire finger if only one finger is lost are cosmetic restorations; functionally these defects do not need reconstruction. Sensation is of great importance in repair or reconstruction of the tip of the thumb or finger. Therefore, sensory evaluation is a key factor in assessing and selecting the best options of surgery.

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12

Moncal, Kazim K., Hemanth Gudapati, Kevin P. Godzik, Dong N. Heo, Youngnam Kang, Elias Rizk, Dino J. Ravnic, et al. "Tissue Engineering: Intra‐Operative Bioprinting of Hard, Soft, and Hard/Soft Composite Tissues for Craniomaxillofacial Reconstruction (Adv. Funct. Mater. 29/2021)." Advanced Functional Materials 31, no. 29 (July 2021): 2170212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202170212.

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Moncal, Kazim K., Hemanth Gudapati, Kevin P. Godzik, Dong N. Heo, Youngnam Kang, Elias Rizk, Dino J. Ravnic, et al. "Intra‐Operative Bioprinting of Hard, Soft, and Hard/Soft Composite Tissues for Craniomaxillofacial Reconstruction." Advanced Functional Materials 31, no. 29 (April 22, 2021): 2010858. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202010858.

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14

Wisselink, Hendrik Joost, Gert Jan Pelgrim, Mieneke Rook, Maarten van den Berge, Kees Slump, Yeshu Nagaraj, Peter van Ooijen, Matthijs Oudkerk, and Rozemarijn Vliegenthart. "Potential for dose reduction in CT emphysema densitometry with post-scan noise reduction: a phantom study." British Journal of Radiology 93, no. 1105 (January 2020): 20181019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1259/bjr.20181019.

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Objective: The aim of this phantom study was to investigate the effect of scan parameters and noise suppression techniques on the minimum radiation dose for acceptable image quality for CT emphysema densitometry. Methods: The COPDGene phantom was scanned on a third generation dual-source CT system with 16 scan setups (CTDIvol 0.035–10.680 mGy). Images were reconstructed at 1.0/0.7 mm slice thickness/increment, with three kernels (one soft, two hard), filtered backprojection and three grades of third-generation iterative reconstruction (IR). Additionally, deep learning-based noise suppression software was applied. Main outcomes: overlap in area of the normalized histograms of CT density for the emphysema insert and lung material, and the radiation dose required for a maximum of 4.3% overlap (defined as acceptable image quality). Results: In total, 384 scan reconstructions were analyzed. Decreasing radiation dose resulted in an exponential increase of the overlap in normalized histograms of CT density. The overlap was 11–91% for the lowest dose setting (CTDIvol 0.035mGy). The soft kernel reconstruction showed less histogram overlap than hard filter kernels. IR and noise suppression also reduced overlap. Using intermediate grade IR plus noise suppression software allowed for 85% radiation dose reduction while maintaining acceptable image quality. Conclusion: CT density histogram overlap can quantify the degree of discernibility of emphysema and healthy lung tissue. Noise suppression software, IR, and soft reconstruction kernels substantially decrease the dose required for acceptable image quality. Advances in knowledge: Noise suppression software, IR, and soft reconstruction kernels allow radiation dose reduction by 85% while still allowing differentiation between emphysema and normal lung tissue.

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15

Simpson, Roger L., Sagar Mulay, Ahmed Nasser, and Ahmed Ibrahim. "111 Predicting Restoration of Joint Function in the Contracted Burned Hand: The Benefit of the Soft Tissue to Skeletal Ratio." Journal of Burn Care & Research 41, Supplement_1 (March 2020): S74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jbcr/iraa024.114.

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Abstract Introduction Long-standing burn contractures of the hand produce marked soft tissue deficits across mobile joint surfaces. Optimum functional reconstruction requires attention to the ratio of soft tissue contracture to skeletal length. Maturation of burn scar and anticipated growth in children play a role in selecting procedures that maximize function and range. Methods Burn contractures of the hand show functional loss of motion by flexion/extension deformities of the fingers and wrist. Analysis of soft tissue shortening (contraction), measured against existing skeletal length was used to customize procedures to restore maximum function. Twenty six patients, aged 3 to 57 years underwent post burn reconstruction to maximize hand function. Each procedure selected was based on the ratio of existing soft tissue to skeletal length. Results Flexion/extension at all joints requires a balanced glide of soft tissue over existing bone length defining a 1:1 ratio between soft tissue and skeletal length. Burn contracture shortens soft tissue and restricts motion over joints. An objective ratio was applied to each joint contracture. A comparison of soft tissue quality to skeletal length (including growth in children) was used to determine the procedure for reconstruction associated with the best prognosis for maximum outcome with the least recurrence. Abnormalities included post burn boutonniere deformities, webspace contractures, flexion and extension contracture deformities of the hand, and digits. Burn scar hypertrophy and induration worsened the ratio. Eight patients with a soft tissue to skeletal ratio of 0.4:1 or less required bone shortening in the form of either joint arthrodesis, trapeziectomy, or wrist fusion. Twelve patients with a ratio of 0.7:1 or better were managed with skin grafts and/or adjacent tissue rearrangement. In the remaining group, four patients required a combination of procedures including composite soft tissue and tendon expansion restoring length of all soft tissue relative to bony length precluding the need for flap reconstruction and tendon lengthening. Two patients underwent bone shortening with prosthetic joint replacement. All patients restored to a 0.8:1 ratio or better regained optimum position of joint position and function. No secondary procedures were required for deterioration of function at two years. Conclusions A balanced dynamic soft tissue to skeletal ratio is essential in restoring maximum function to the burned hand. Understanding soft tissue contraction compared to existing bone length will permit the objective design of a reconstructive hand/finger procedure that will predict outcome and maximize hand function. Applicability of Research to Practice Predicable outcomes of functional hand reconstruction are possible based on the relationship of burn scar contracture to measurable skeletal length.

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16

Wallner, Jürgen, Marcus Rieder, Michael Schwaiger, Bernhard Remschmidt, Wolfgang Zemann, and Mauro Pau. "Donor Site Morbidity and Quality of Life after Microvascular Head and Neck Reconstruction with a Chimeric, Thoracodorsal, Perforator-Scapular Flap Based on the Angular Artery (TDAP-Scap-aa Flap)." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 16 (August 19, 2022): 4876. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11164876.

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Extensive defects in the head and neck area often require the use of advanced free flap reconstruction techniques. In this study, the thoracodorsal perforator-scapular free flap technique based on the angular artery (TDAP-Scap-aa flap) was postoperatively evaluated regarding the quality of life and the donor site morbidity using the standardized SF-36 and DASH questionnaires (short form health 36 and disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand scores). Over a five-year period (2016–2020), 20 selected cases (n = 20) requiring both soft and hard tissue reconstruction were assessed. On average, the harvested microvascular free flaps consisted of 7.8 ± 2.1 cm hard tissue and 86 ± 49.8 cm2 soft tissue components. At the donor site (subscapular region), only a mild morbidity was observed (DASH score: 21.74 ± 7.3 points). When comparing the patients’ postoperative quality of life to the established values of the healthy German norm population, the observed SF-36 values were within the upper third (>66%) of these established norm values in almost all quality-of-life subcategories. The mild donor site morbidity and the observed quality of life indicate only a small postoperative impairment when using the TDAP-Scap-aa free flap for the reconstruction of extensive maxillofacial defects.

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Gandhi, Harjeet Singh. "Patient-appropriate and patient-specific quantification: Application of biomedical sciences and engineering principles for the amelioration of outcomes following reconstruction of osteochondrotomy of the sternum to access the mediastinum." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS & TECHNOLOGY 22 (May 27, 2022): 86–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijct.v22i.9229.

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It is a fact that the morphology, physiology, and load-bearing activities of two patients are never identical. The normal allometric variations in regional anatomy, primary disease processes, and co-morbid pathologies demand individual treatment planning and selection of implants for surgical repair, reconstruction, and replacement leading to patient-specific and patient-appropriate interventions. It requires quantification of hard and soft tissues of human anatomy directly or indirectly from image data and other evaluation techniques, which can be combined with reconstruction implant to form a composite structure for pre-operative evaluation. Finite element modeling and analysis are routine engineering methods to assess the safety and endurance of the physical structures, which can also be applied for the numerical evaluation of fracture reconstruction. The present study delves into the fundamentals of various imaging techniques and techniques for the acquisition of hard and soft tissue densities to extract material properties and introduces the practice of finite element methods for higher analysis and their intended surgical application.

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Pikos, Michael. "Implant Reconstruction in the Esthetic Zone: Synergy of Hard and Soft Tissue Augmentation." Implant Dentistry 11, no. 4 (December 2002): 388. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00008505-200211040-00036.

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19

Gareikpatii, Nagaraj. "Study of soft tissue reconstruction in postburn flexion contracture of the hand." International Surgery Journal 8, no. 11 (October 28, 2021): 3259. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20214085.

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Background: Burn contracture of the hand can leave patients with severe functional and psychological limitations. This study evaluates the severity of the deformity and various reconstructive options in post-burn hand injuries.Methods: This work includes the study of 50 patients who underwent reconstruction for post-burn flexion contracture of the hand, including fingers, in the department of plastic surgery. The patients were treated between April 2007 to April 2009.Results: Males were more commonly affected by burn injuries and thermal burns were more common than electrical burns. The little finger showed higher involvement and contracture release followed by grafting was the commonly done reconstructive procedure.Conclusions: Split thickness skin graft (SSG) were more effective in reconstruction in thermal injuries, while cross finger flaps (CFF) showed more promise in electrical injuries of the hand.

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Knitschke, Michael, Christina Bäcker, Daniel Schmermund, Sebastian Böttger, Philipp Streckbein, Hans-Peter Howaldt, and Sameh Attia. "Impact of Planning Method (Conventional versus Virtual) on Time to Therapy Initiation and Resection Margins: A Retrospective Analysis of 104 Immediate Jaw Reconstructions." Cancers 13, no. 12 (June 16, 2021): 3013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13123013.

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Virtual surgical planning (VSP) and patient-specific implants are currently increasing for immediate jaw reconstruction after ablative oncologic surgery. This technique contributes to more accurate and efficient preoperative planning and shorter operation time. The present retrospective, single-center study analyzes the influence of time delay caused by VSP vs. conventional (non-VSP) reconstruction planning on the soft and hard tissue resection margins for necessary oncologic safety. A total number of 104 cases of immediate jaw reconstruction with free fibula flap are included in the present study. The selected method of reconstruction (conventionally, non-VSP: n = 63; digitally, VSP: n = 41) are analyzed in detail. The study reveals a statistically significant (p = 0.008) prolonged time to therapy initiation with a median of 42 days when the VSP method compared with non-VSP (31.0 days) is used. VSP did not significantly affect bony or soft tissue resection margin status. Apart from this observation, no significant differences concerning local tumor recurrence, lymph node, and distant metastases rates are found according to the reconstruction method, and affect soft or bone tissue resection margins. Thus, we conclude that VSP for immediate jaw reconstruction is safe for oncological purposes.

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Zrnc, Tomislav A., Josip Tomic, Peter V. Tomazic, Hamid Hassanzadeh, Matthias Feichtinger, Wolfgang Zemann, Philipp Metzler, and Mauro Pau. "Complex Mandibular Reconstruction for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma—The Ongoing Challenge in Reconstruction and Rehabilitation." Cancers 12, no. 11 (October 30, 2020): 3198. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12113198.

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Large head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) tumors affecting the mandible require a versatile reconstruction to maintain form, function, and quality of life. Large defect reconstruction of soft and hard tissue in the head and neck necessitates, at best, one vascular system including various tissues by large dimensions. The subscapular flap system seems to meet these standards. A retrospective study was conducted focusing on clinical data, including an analysis of the quality of life with the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Questionnaires, (QLQ-C30 and QLQ-H&N43). A total of 154 patients (122 males, 32 females; age range: 31–71 years, mean: 54.5 years) treated at our department from 1983 through to 2019 were included. Of the subscapular system free flaps (SFFs), 147 were based on the angular artery branch of the thoracodorsal pedicle (95.45%), and the remaining seven cases (4.55%) were lateral scapular border flaps. Mean mandible defect length was 7.3 cm. The mean skin paddle dimension was 86.8 cm2. The most common recipient artery was the thyroid superior artery (79.22%). Major postoperative complications occurred in 13 patients (8.44%). This study confirms that SFFs offer excellent soft and hard tissue quality, component independence, a large arc of rotation length, and a large gauge of pedicle, making them the gold standard for the reconstruction of large composite defects of mandibular HNSCC tumors.

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Pikos, Michael A. "M625: Esthetic Zone Reconstruction: Synergy of Hard and Soft Tissue Grafting With Interactive CT." Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 66, no. 8 (August 2008): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joms.2008.05.271.

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Pikos, Michael A. "M613: Esthetic Zone Reconstruction: Synergy of Hard and Soft Tissue Grafting With Interactive CT." Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 67, no. 9 (September 2009): 102–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joms.2009.05.185.

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Pikos, Michael A. "Esthetic zone reconstruction: Synergy of hard and soft tissue augmentation for optimal implant placement." Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 62 (August 2004): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joms.2004.05.098.

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Pikos, Michael A. "Esthetic Zone Reconstruction: Synergy of Hard and Soft Tissue Grafting for Optimal Implant Placement." Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 63, no. 8 (August 2005): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joms.2005.05.132.

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Pikos, Michael. "Aesthetic zone reconstruction: synergy of hard and soft tissue augmentation for optimal implant placement." Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 61, no. 8 (August 2003): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0278-2391(03)00440-3.

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Patrick, Nathan, and Alexander Payatakes. "Vascularized Spare Parts Reconstruction of Hand Gunshot Injury." Journal of Hand Surgery (Asian-Pacific Volume) 22, no. 03 (August 4, 2017): 391–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218810417720315.

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Reconstruction of extensive traumatic bone and soft tissue deficits in the hand often presents a significant challenge. We present a case of a gunshot wound managed with a resourceful “vascularized spare parts” reconstruction in which a single compromised digit provided two separate vascularized tissue transfers. A rarely reported pedicled phalanx restored osseous stability, a digital fillet flap achieved soft tissue coverage, and the flexor tendons reanimated the hand. An excellent functional and cosmetic result was obtained and the patient was able to return to manual labor within six months of injury.

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Germann, Günter, Michael Sauerbier, Hadrian Schepler, and Scott Levin. "Intrinsic Flaps in Soft Tissue Reconstruction of the Hand." Seminars in Plastic Surgery 11, no. 02 (1998): 109–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2008-1080255.

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Talbot, Simon G., Edward A. Athanasian, Peter G. Cordeiro, and Babak J. Mehrara. "Soft tissue reconstruction following tumor resection in the hand." Hand Clinics 20, no. 2 (May 2004): 181–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hcl.2004.03.006.

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Matsui, Jun, Samantha Piper, and Martin I. Boyer. "Nonmicrosurgical options for soft tissue reconstruction of the hand." Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine 7, no. 1 (November 30, 2013): 68–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12178-013-9193-8.

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SUNDINE, M., and L. R. SCHEKER. "A Comparison of Immediate and Staged Reconstruction of the Dorsum of the Hand." Journal of Hand Surgery 21, no. 2 (April 1996): 216–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0266-7681(96)80102-1.

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The treatment of complex dorsal hand lesions involving skin and subcutaneous tissues, extensor tendons, and bone remains a difficult problem for reconstructive surgeons. Traditional treatment of these defects uses staged reconstruction, first obtaining soft tissue cover and then performing bone and tendon grafts. The purpose of this study was to compare a series of seven patients who underwent staged reconstruction with seven patients who had immediate reconstruction involving primary bone and tendon grafting. All procedures were performed to correct similar severe dorsal hand defects. Patients with immediate reconstruction had a significantly faster return to maximum range of movement (ROM) (214 days compared to 630 days, P = 0.002), significantly fewer operations (2.1 compared to 5.9, P = 0.002) and a greater chance of returning to work (86% compared to 48.2%, P = 0.3) than patients with staged reconstruction.

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Lanz, Otto I. "Free Tissue Transfer of the Rectus Abdominis Myoperitoneal Flap for Oral Reconstruction in a Dog." Journal of Veterinary Dentistry 18, no. 4 (December 2001): 187–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089875640101800402.

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A five-month-old intact/male Boxer dog was presented 5-days following bite wound trauma to the maxillary region resulting in an oronasal fistula extending from the maxillary canine teeth to the soft palate. Multiple surgical procedures using local, buccal mucosal flaps failed to repair the oronasal fistula. Free tissue transfer of the rectus abdominis myoperitoneal flap using microvascular surgical techniques was successful in providing soft tissue reconstruction of the hard palate area. Complications of these surgical techniques included muscle contraction and subsequent muzzle distortion. Small, refractory oronasal fistulae at the perimeter of the myoperitoneal flap were repaired by primary wound closure.

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Baltacıoğlu, Esra, Fatih Mehmet Korkmaz, Nilsun Bağış, Güven Aydın, Pınar Yuva, Yavuz Tolga Korkmaz, and Bora Bağış. "Combined Soft and Hard Tissue Peri-Implant Plastic Surgery Techniques to Enhance Implant Rehabilitation: A Case Report." Open Dentistry Journal 8, no. 1 (November 28, 2014): 207–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874210601408010207.

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This case report presents an implant-aided prosthetic treatment in which peri-implant plastic surgery techniques were applied in combination to satisfactorily attain functional aesthetic expectations. Peri-implant plastic surgery enables the successful reconstruction and restoration of the balance between soft and hard tissues and allows the option of implant-aided fixed prosthetic rehabilitation.

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Brauner, Edoardo, Federico Laudoni, Giulia Amelina, Marco Cantore, Matteo Armida, Andrea Bellizzi, Nicola Pranno, Francesca De Angelis, Valentino Valentini, and Stefano Di Carlo. "Dental Management of Maxillofacial Ballistic Trauma." Journal of Personalized Medicine 12, no. 6 (June 5, 2022): 934. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm12060934.

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Maxillofacial ballistic trauma represents a devastating functional and aesthetic trauma. The extensive damage to soft and hard tissue is unpredictable, and because of the diversity and the complexity of these traumas, a systematic algorithm is essential. This study attempts to define the best management of maxillofacial ballistic injuries and to describe a standardized, surgical and prosthetic rehabilitation protocol from the first emergency stage up until the complete aesthetic and functional rehabilitation. In low-velocity ballistic injuries (bullet speed <600 m/s), the wound is usually less severe and not-fatal, and the management should be based on early and definitive surgery associated with reconstruction, followed by oral rehabilitation. High-velocity ballistic injuries (bullet speed >600 m/s) are associated with an extensive hard and soft tissue disruption, and the management should be based on a three-stage reconstructive algorithm: debridement and fixation, reconstruction, and final revision. Rehabilitating a patient with ballistic trauma is a multi-step challenging treatment procedure that requires a long time and a multidisciplinary team to ensure successful results. The prosthodontic treatment outcome is one of the most important parameters by which a patient measures the restoration of aesthetic, functional, and psychological deficits. This study is a retrospective review: twenty-two patients diagnosed with outcomes of ballistic traumas were identified from the department database, and eleven patients met the inclusion criteria and were enrolled.

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Giffin, Emily B. "Paleoneurology: Reconstructing the Nervous Systems of Dinosaurs." Paleontological Society Special Publications 7 (1994): 229–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2475262200009540.

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The most tangible clues to the existence and lifestyle of extinct vertebrates are the fossilized bones preserved in sedimentary rocks. During the past two hundred years, scientists have excavated, prepared and reassembled the often fragmentary remains of dinosaurs, enabling them to reconstruct the size, proportions and general anatomy of these Mesozoic reptiles. However, the information available from the bones is not restricted to details of the hard tissues themselves. Bone is a living tissue that interacts with the soft tissues of the body and retains evidence of this interaction after death. As a result, paleontologists are able to use preserved bones and other hard tissues to predict traits of physiological processes and of soft tissues. Prime examples of this approach have been the attempts to predict the thermal regime of dinosaurs. Histological structure of bone has been shown to vary with thermal regime in living vertebrates (Ricqles, 1976; Reid, 1987), and the preserved fine-structure of fossilized dinosaur bone has allowed direct comparison with the bone of living vertebrates. Other examples of reconstruction of lifestyle and soft tissues from bony remains include use of the muscle scars on dinosaur bone to predict size and orientation of muscles (Gatesy, 1990), and of dentition and jaw geometry to predict dietary regime (Weishampel and Norman, 1989).

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Pool, Christopher, Tom Shokri, Aurora Vincent, Weitao Wang, Sameep Kadakia, and Yadranko Ducic. "Prosthetic Reconstruction of the Maxilla and Palate." Seminars in Plastic Surgery 34, no. 02 (May 2020): 114–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1709143.

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AbstractMaxillary defects commonly present following surgical resection of oncologic processes. The use of rotational and free flaps has largely replaced the use of prosthetic options for hard palate and maxillary reconstruction, but prostheses remain a useful tool. Prosthetic devices may be invaluable in patients considered poor candidates for surgical reconstruction secondary to poor vascularity, need for postoperative radiation, or medical comorbidities that place them at high risk for healing following reconstruction. Obturators may also be considered over soft tissue options if oncologic surveillance via direct visualization of the surgical site is warranted.

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Abedi, Niloufar, Zahra Sadat Sajadi-Javan, Monireh Kouhi, Legha Ansari, Abbasali Khademi, and Seeram Ramakrishna. "Antioxidant Materials in Oral and Maxillofacial Tissue Regeneration: A Narrative Review of the Literature." Antioxidants 12, no. 3 (February 27, 2023): 594. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox12030594.

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Oral and maxillofacial tissue defects caused by trauma, tumor reactions, congenital anomalies, ischemic diseases, infectious diseases, surgical resection, and odontogenic cysts present a formidable challenge for reconstruction. Tissue regeneration using functional biomaterials and cell therapy strategies has raised great concerns in the treatment of damaged tissue during the past few decades. However, during biomaterials implantation and cell transplantation, the production of excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) may hinder tissue repair as it commonly causes severe tissue injuries leading to the cell damage. These products exist in form of oxidant molecules such as hydrogen peroxide, superoxide ions, hydroxyl radicals, and nitrogen oxide. These days, many scientists have focused on the application of ROS-scavenging components in the body during the tissue regeneration process. One of these scavenging components is antioxidants, which are beneficial materials for the treatment of damaged tissues and keeping tissues safe against free radicals. Antioxidants are divided into natural and synthetic sources. In the current review article, different antioxidant sources and their mechanism of action are discussed. The applications of antioxidants in the regeneration of oral and maxillofacial tissues, including hard tissues of cranial, alveolar bone, dental tissue, oral soft tissue (dental pulp, periodontal soft tissue), facial nerve, and cartilage tissues, are also highlighted in the following parts.

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Griffin, Michelle, Sandip Hindocha, Marco Malahias, Mohamed Saleh, and Ali Juma. "Flap Decisions and Options in Soft Tissue Coverage of the Upper Limb." Open Orthopaedics Journal 8, no. 1 (October 31, 2014): 409–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874325001408010409.

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Soft tissue deficiency in the upper limb is a common presentation following trauma, burns infection and tumour removal. Soft tissue coverage of the upper limb is a challenging problem for reconstructive surgeons to manage. The ultimate choice of soft tissue coverage will depend on the size and site of the wound, complexity of the injury, status of surrounding tissue, exposure of the vital structures and health status of the patient. There are several local cutaneous flaps that provide adequate soft tissue coverage for small sized defects of the hand, forearm and arm. When these flaps are limited in their mobility regional flaps and free flaps can be utilised. Free tissue transfer provides vascularised soft tissue coverage in addition to the transfer of bone, nerve and tendons. Careful consideration of free flap choice, meticulous intraoperative dissection and elevation accompanied by post-operative physiotherapy are required for successful outcomes for the patient. Several free flaps are available for reconstruction in the upper limb including the groin flap, anterolateral flap, radial forearm flap, lateral arm flap and scapular flap. In this review we will provide local, regional and free flap choice options for upper limb reconstruction, highlighting the benefits and challenges of different approaches.

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Tos, Pierluigi, Alessandro Crosio, Pierfrancesco Pugliese, and Alexandru Valentin Georgescu. "Propeller Flaps for Hand and Digit Reconstruction." Seminars in Plastic Surgery 34, no. 03 (August 2020): 192–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1715155.

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AbstractThe reconstruction of soft tissue defects of the hand, as seen often after trauma or tumor excision, is a challenge due to the great differentiation of tissues depending on the hand area involved. The classical intrinsic “workhorse flaps” of the hand are associated with a significant donor-site morbidity. Capturing perforator vessels in discrete donor areas can reduce the amount of soft tissue that has to be dissected and included in what now would be a perforator flap, while also insuring robust vascularization of those transferred tissues. Moreover, the presence of perforator vessels both on the dorsal and volar sides of the hand allows harvest of perforator flaps that will respect the like-with-like principle by maintaining the main characteristics of volar and dorsal skin as desired. However, the dissection of these flaps, especially those based on volar palmar and digital perforators, still requires microsurgical skills to preserve the fine vascularization of these flaps. These small flaps are also amenable for application of the propeller flap concept. This is an especially valuable means for preserving the length of an amputated finger where bone is exposed by using more proximal uninjured tissues. Although in general only a short dissection is required to raise a propeller flap in this region, most often the donor site will have to be closed by a skin graft.

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Sunaguchi, Naoki, Tetsuya Yuasa, and Masami Ando. "Iterative reconstruction algorithm for analyzer-based phase-contrast computed tomography of hard and soft tissue." Applied Physics Letters 103, no. 14 (September 30, 2013): 143702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4824075.

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Doll, James K., Peter Barndt, and Gerald Grant. "The Dentoalveolar Prosthesis: A Novel Approach in the Reconstruction of Hard and Soft Tissue Deficiencies." Journal of Prosthodontics 27, no. 6 (May 17, 2017): 544–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jopr.12557.

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Nicholson, S., R. Milner, and M. Ragbir. "Soft Tissue Sarcoma of the Hand and Wrist: Epidemiology and Management Challenges." Journal of Hand and Microsurgery 10, no. 02 (April 3, 2018): 86–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1636728.

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AbstractSoft tissue sarcomas (STSs) of the hand and wrist are rare and confer a unique set of management challenges. We present a 15-year review and discussion of the epidemiology, tumor characteristics, treatment, and reconstructive strategies for such cases presenting to our regional sarcoma service. Three case examples are described. Of 218 STSs of the upper limb, 17 involved the hand or wrist. Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma, synovial, and myxofibrosarcoma were the most common ones. Two patients required amputation for recurrence. Eight patients required flap reconstruction, of which five were free flaps with no failures or wound healing complications. Two-year overall survival rate was 92%. Local recurrence occurred in 12%. Limb-sparing surgery is possible in most patients, although there is often a degree of functional loss due to the surgical resection, and complex multistage reconstruction may be required. These lesions are still often incidental or unexpected findings when patients are treated for a presumed benign swelling. Clinicians treating localized swellings of the hand and wrist should maintain vigilance toward the possibility of a sarcoma diagnosis, to avoid delays in definitive treatment.

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Gad, Shawky Shaker, Tarek Fouad Keshk, Ahmed Tharwat Nassar, and Hassan Gaber Zaki Bassiouny. "Assessment of soft tissue reconstruction of the thumb after injuries." International Surgery Journal 7, no. 3 (February 26, 2020): 617. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20200805.

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Background: This study is to formulate a strategic approach for soft tissue reconstruction of the thumb and study of different modalities of soft tissue reconstruction of the thumb and try to clarify advantage and discuss complication of each modality.Methods: This is a prospective study done on 20 patients with thumb defects and deformities, presented at Menoufia University and Al-Ahrar Zagazig Teaching Hospitals during the period from January 2017 to July 2019. They were 14 Males and 6 females classified according to age, sex, type of trauma, dominant hand, type of flap used for reconstruction.Results: The most type of injury was trauma in all technique accept digital artery perforator (DAP) flap and groin flap of the half patients were trauma (50%) and other half were post burn (50%). Most patients were early timing of interference in all techniques accept replantation was immediate time of interference (100%) and groin flap was late time of interference (100%). Most patients in Moberg flap had minimal scare complication (60%). Whereas half patients had minimal scare complication in replantation, little flap and DAP flap (50%, 50% and 50%). While half patients had volar contracture, graft complication in thumb cross finger and groin flap (50% and 50%).Conclusions: Replantation is the first choice for thumb amputations proximal to the base of the distal phalanx. It is impossible or fails, other methods of thumb reconstruction. Thumb cross finger flap is an excellent reconstructive technique for larger volar and tip defects of the thumb, up to 2-3 cm2.

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Sansom, Robert S. "Experimental Decay of Soft Tissues." Paleontological Society Papers 20 (October 2014): 259–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1089332600002886.

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The exceptionally preserved fossil record of soft tissues sheds light on a wide range of evolutionary episodes from across geological history. Understanding how soft tissues become hard fossils is not a trivial process. A powerful tool in this context is experimentally derived decay data. By studying decay in a laboratory setting and on a laboratory timescale, an understanding of the processes and patterns underlying soft-tissue preservation can be achieved. The considerations and problems particular to experimental decay are explored here in terms of experimental aims, design, variables, and utility. Aims in this context can relate to either reconstruction of the processes of soft-tissue preservation, or to elucidation of the patterns of morphological transformation and data loss occurring during decay. Experimental design is discussed in terms of hypotheses and relevant variables: i.e., the subject organism being decayed (phylogeny, ontogeny, and history), the environment of decay (biological, chemical, and physical) and the outputs (how to measure decay). Variables and practical considerations are illustrated with reference to previous experiments. The principles behind application of experimentally derived decay data to the fossil record are illustrated with three case studies: the interpretation of fossil color, feasibility of fossil embryos, and phylogenetic bias in chordate preservation. A rich array of possibilities for further decay experiments exists and it is hoped that the methodologies outlined herein will provide guidance and a conceptual framework for future studies.

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Rossello, Carlo, Andrea Antonini, Andrea Zoccolan, Giorgio Burastero, and Mario Igor Rossello. "Reconstructive surgery for thumb osteomyelitis: a new way of remodelling the vascularized medial femoral condyle flap. A case report." Handchirurgie · Mikrochirurgie · Plastische Chirurgie 51, no. 06 (November 7, 2019): 440–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0942-9652.

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Abstract Background Authors propose a technical innovation for the remodelling of the medial femoral condyle flap (MFCF) for reconstruction of small to medium bone defects performed after the surgical treatment of a thumb osteomyelitis. Materials and Methods A 45 year old male had thumb proximal phalanx osteomyelitis after a crush trauma of the dominant right hand and multiple previous unsuccessful surgical attempts in other hospitals. In our centre he underwent to a two stage surgical treatment of the infection through bone and soft tissue reconstruction with a MFCF shaped in a new three dimensional (3D) approach with multiple osteotomies. Results Bone union was achieved after 30 days with a stable thumb reconstruction and good soft tissue healing. No vascular complication occurred after surgery. There was no sign of infection recurrence. Conclusions MFCF offers a variety of options for its 3 D shaping which make it a good solution in hand surgery reconstructions after surgical excision of small and medium size bony segments.

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Wood, Virchel E., Dolf R. Ichtertz, and Helen Yahiku. "Soft tissue metacarpophalangeal reconstruction for treatment of rheumatoid hand deformity." Journal of Hand Surgery 14, no. 2 (March 1989): 163–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0363-5023(89)90001-4.

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Belleggia, Fabrizio. "Hard and soft tissue augmentation of vertical ridge defects with the “hard top double membrane technique”: introduction of a new technique and a case report." AIMS Bioengineering 9, no. 1 (2022): 26–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/bioeng.2022003.

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<abstract> <p>Vertical ridge defects (VRD) of the jaws often require both bone and keratinized mucosa (KM) reconstruction. A new staged procedure is proposed to restore both hard and soft tissues in the VRD through a case report. A patient required the lower right second premolar and first molar rehabilitation. The first surgery aimed to restore the bone architecture through the use of a titanium reinforced dense-PTFE (TR-dPTFE) membrane, positioned and stabilized on top of tenting screws. This membrane didn't cover the whole defect, it just created an hard top that avoided the collapse of a collagen membrane that was placed over it. This resorbable membrane was stabilized with tacks and covered the whole defect, protecting a mixture of autogenous bone and porcine xenograft both lingually and buccally. The second surgery was performed after a 5 month healing time either to remove the tenting screws and the TR-dPTFE membrane, and to augment KM with a gingival graft harvested from the palate. Both regenerated hard and soft tissues were left to mature for 7 months before the third surgery. In this last stage implants insertion and healing abutments application were carried out in a straightforward way, since bone and KM had been previously restored. Two bone samples, harvested for histologic evaluation, stated a great amount of new bone formation. This new approach allowed inserting implants in matured and stable regenerated bone and augmented KM, avoiding the hard and soft tissue loss around implant neck that can affect the VRD treatments during healing.</p> </abstract>

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Uppal, Ridhima, Vidushi Sheokand, Amit Bhardwaj, Chinnu Mary Varghese, and Harender Sehrawat. "Aesthetic Considerations in Implant Therapy - A Review." Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 11, no. 1 (January 31, 2022): 277–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.14260/jemds/2022/52.

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The success of dental implant depends on its integration with the surrounding tissue and this is influenced by various factors, like implant material, amount of bone and its quality and the implant loading condition. The peri-implant tissue is comprised of the soft (mucosa) and hard (bone) tissues. Absolute contact between the peri-implant bone and the implant surface is another factor essential for the success of any implant system. The direct structural and functional connection between ordered living bone and the surface of a load-carrying implant is defined as ''Osseointegration''. The bone undergoes remodelling so as to maintain bone strength and mineral homeostasis. The preservation of biological seal, the anatomy and quality of bone where implant needs to be positioned, implant macrostructure are some of the factors that dictate the integration of the implant to the hard tissue. In addition, the gingival morphology also plays an important role in determining the final aesthetic outcome. Gingival morphology is described in terms of gingival phenotype or gingival biotype. ‘‘Gingival phenotype’’ is a term that addresses to the variations in the thickness and width of the keratinized tissuewhereas ''Gingival biotype'' depicts the thickness of the gingiva in the facio-palatal / faciolingual dimension.Inadequate gingival thickness is a major reason for periodontal attachment loss and marginal tissue recession in a patient, directly contributing to the periodontal disease progression. The peri-implant soft tissue consists of a junctional epithelium (JE) and the connective tissue but owing to the biologic differences between the peri-implant and periodontal tissues, the periimplant tissues are more vulnerable to mucosal inflammation and bone loss. The health of the peri–implant tissues play an important role in the long-term outcome of dental implants. The preservation and reconstruction of soft tissue around dental implants is an important aspect of dental implantology. Restoring the function, aesthetics and harmony of dentition is the primary intention of implantology. This is achieved with a sound crestal bone stability and healthy peri-implant soft tissue. Other factors like abutment material and its connection to the implant, the neck design also affects the peri-implant soft tissue integrity. This review discusses the various factors that directly and indirectly influence the aesthetic outcomes following a dental implant placement. KEY WORDS Aesthetics, Peri-Implant Tissue, Osseointegration, Platform Switching

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Mangano, Francesco Guido, Piero Zecca, Fabrizia Luongo, Giovanna Iezzi, and Carlo Mangano. "Single-Tooth Morse Taper Connection Implant Placed in Grafted Site of the Anterior Maxilla: Clinical and Radiographic Evaluation." Case Reports in Dentistry 2014 (2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/183872.

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The aim of this study was to achieve aesthetically pleasing soft tissue contours in a severely compromised tooth in the anterior region of the maxilla. For a right-maxillary central incisor with localized advanced chronic periodontitis a tooth extraction followed by reconstructive procedures and delayed implant placement was proposed and accepted by the patient. Guided bone regeneration (GBR) technique was employed, with a biphasic calcium-phosphate (BCP) block graft placed in the extraction socket in conjunction with granules of the same material and a resorbable barrier membrane. After 6 months of healing, an implant was installed. The acrylic provisional restoration remained in situ for 3 months and then was substituted with the definitive crown. This ridge reconstruction technique enabled preserving both hard and soft tissues and counteracting vertical and horizontal bone resorption after tooth extraction and allowed for an ideal three-dimensional implant placement. Localized severe alveolar bone resorption of the anterior maxilla associated with chronic periodontal disease can be successfully treated by means of ridge reconstruction with GBR and delayed implant insertion; the placement of an early-loaded, Morse taper connection implant in the grafted site was effective to create an excellent clinical aesthetic result and to maintain it along time.

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Tabit, CJ, G. Slack, B. Andrews, H. Kawamoto, and J. Bradley. "147: BENEFICIAL ROMBERG RECONSTRUCTION DESPITE POORER FAT GRAFT TAKE AND MULTIPLE SOFT AND HARD TISSUE PROCEDURES." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 127 (May 2011): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.prs.0000396834.44750.d7.

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