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1

Perkin, Susan, and Jacob Klein. "Soft matter under confinement." Soft Matter 9, no. 44 (2013): 10438. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3sm90141f.

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2

Herrera-Velarde, Salvador, Edith C. Euán-Díaz, and Ramón Castañeda-Priego. "Ordering and Dynamics of Interacting Colloidal Particles under Soft Confinement." Colloids and Interfaces 5, no. 2 (2021): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/colloids5020029.

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Confinement can induce substantial changes in the physical properties of macromolecules in suspension. Soft confinement is a particular class of restriction where the boundaries that constraint the particles in a region of the space are not well-defined. This scenario leads to a broader structural and dynamical behavior than observed in systems enclosed between rigid walls. In this contribution, we study the ordering and diffusive properties of a two-dimensional colloidal model system subjected to a one-dimensional parabolic trap. Increasing the trap strength makes it possible to go through we
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3

Oya, Yutaka, and Toshihiro Kawakatsu. "Soft confinement for polymer solutions." EPL (Europhysics Letters) 107, no. 2 (2014): 28003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/107/28003.

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4

Kuttich, Björn, Isabelle Grillo, Sebastian Schöttner, Markus Gallei, and Bernd Stühn. "Polymer conformation in nanoscopic soft confinement." Soft Matter 13, no. 38 (2017): 6709–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7sm01179b.

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We study the conformation of a polymer (polyethylene glycol) in a nanoscopic soft confinement with attractive walls. On a local scale the conformation is compressed, while the overall size adopts the size of the confinement.
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5

Demuth, Dominik, Melanie Reuhl, Moritz Hopfenmüller, Nail Karabas, Simon Schoner, and Michael Vogel. "Confinement Effects on Glass-Forming Aqueous Dimethyl Sulfoxide Solutions." Molecules 25, no. 18 (2020): 4127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25184127.

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Combining broadband dielectric spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance studies, we analyze the reorientation dynamics and the translational diffusion associated with the glassy slowdown of the eutectic aqueous dimethyl sulfoxide solution in nano-sized confinements, explicitly, in silica pores with different diameters and in ficoll and lysozyme matrices at different concentrations. We observe that both rotational and diffusive dynamics are slower and more heterogeneous in the confinements than in the bulk but the degree of these effects depends on the properties of the confinement and diffe
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6

Banerjee, Srilekha, and Papiya Nandy. "Simulation of bilayer membranes in soft confinement." Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 297, no. 1-2 (2001): 26–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-4371(01)00192-3.

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7

Chi, Peng, Zheng Wang, Baohui Li, and An-Chang Shi. "Soft Confinement-Induced Morphologies of Diblock Copolymers." Langmuir 27, no. 18 (2011): 11683–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la202448c.

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8

Pašteka, L. F., T. Helgaker, T. Saue, et al. "Atoms and molecules in soft confinement potentials." Molecular Physics 118, no. 19-20 (2020): e1730989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00268976.2020.1730989.

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9

Toumia, Yosra, Silvia Orlanducci, Francesco Basoli, Silvia Licoccia, and Gaio Paradossi. "“Soft” Confinement of Graphene in Hydrogel Matrixes." Journal of Physical Chemistry B 119, no. 5 (2015): 2051–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp510654h.

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10

Nishimura, Hiroaki, Hideaki Takabe, Hiroyuki Shiraga, et al. "Soft X ray radiation confinement in laser fusion." Kakuyūgō kenkyū 63, no. 4 (1990): 219–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1585/jspf1958.63.219.

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11

Blochowicz, T., E. Gouirand, A. Fricke, T. Spehr, B. Stühn, and B. Frick. "Accelerated dynamics of supercooled glycerol in soft confinement." Chemical Physics Letters 475, no. 4-6 (2009): 171–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2009.05.058.

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12

Geethu, P. M., Indresh Yadav, S. K. Deshpande, V. K. Aswal, and D. K. Satapathy. "Soft Confinement Effects on Dynamics of Hydrated Gelatin." Macromolecules 50, no. 17 (2017): 6518–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01521.

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13

高, 小寒. "Soft Confinement-Induced Morphologies of AB Diblock Copolymers." Journal of Advances in Physical Chemistry 07, no. 02 (2018): 111–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/japc.2018.72014.

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14

Ventura Rosales, Ivonne Elizabeth, Lorenzo Rovigatti, Emanuela Bianchi, Christos N. Likos, and Emanuele Locatelli. "Shape control of soft patchy nanoparticles under confinement." Nanoscale 12, no. 41 (2020): 21188–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0nr05058j.

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15

Yang, Xiaochuan, Ta-Chung Ong, Vladimir K. Michaelis, Scott Heng, Robert G. Griffin, and Allan S. Myerson. "Formation of organic molecular nanocrystals under soft confinement." CrystEngComm 17, no. 31 (2015): 6044–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ce01202c.

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We report the use of a novel solution impregnation method to form nanocrystals in polymer matrices with various microstructures in order to study the structure of the confined nanocrystals and the role of soft confinement and polymer chemistry on the nucleation process of nano-sized crystals.
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16

Sorella, S. P. "Gluon confinement, i-particles and BRST soft breaking." Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical 44, no. 13 (2011): 135403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1751-8113/44/13/135403.

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17

Romanelli, Giovanni, Andrea Liscio, Roberto Senesi, et al. "Soft confinement of water in graphene-oxide membranes." Carbon 108 (November 2016): 199–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2016.07.021.

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18

Ghosh, Chandan, and M. R. Madhav. "Reinforced granular fill-soft soil system: confinement effect." Geotextiles and Geomembranes 13, no. 11 (1994): 727–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0266-1144(94)90060-4.

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19

Song, Dawei, Jordan L. Shivers, Fred C. MacKintosh, Alison E. Patteson, and Paul A. Janmey. "Cell-induced confinement effects in soft tissue mechanics." Journal of Applied Physics 129, no. 14 (2021): 140901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0047829.

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20

Sharma, Anshul, Irvine Lian Hao Ong, and Anupam Sengupta. "Time Dependent Lyotropic Chromonic Textures in Microfluidic Confinements." Crystals 11, no. 1 (2020): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11010035.

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Nematic and columnar phases of lyotropic chromonic liquid crystals (LCLCs) have been long studied for their fundamental and applied prospects in material science and medical diagnostics. LCLC phases represent different self-assembled states of disc-shaped molecules, held together by noncovalent interactions that lead to highly sensitive concentration and temperature dependent properties. Yet, microscale insights into confined LCLCs, specifically in the context of confinement geometry and surface properties, are lacking. Here, we report the emergence of time dependent textures in static disodiu
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21

Dollet, Benjamin, Philippe Marmottant, and Valeria Garbin. "Bubble Dynamics in Soft and Biological Matter." Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 51, no. 1 (2019): 331–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-fluid-010518-040352.

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Bubbles are present in a large variety of emerging applications, from advanced materials to biology and medicine, as either laser-generated or acoustically driven bubbles. In these applications, the bubbles undergo oscillatory dynamics and collapse inside—or near—soft and biological materials. The presence of a soft, viscoelastic medium strongly affects the bubble dynamics, both its linear resonance properties and its nonlinear behavior. Surfactant molecules or solid particles adsorbed on a bubble surface can also modify the bubble dynamics through the rheological properties of the interfacial
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22

Kuttich, Björn, Ingo Hoffmann, and Bernd Stühn. "Disentangling of complex polymer dynamics under soft nanoscopic confinement." Soft Matter 16, no. 45 (2020): 10377–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0sm01058h.

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PEG confined to the core of a droplet phase microemulsion is located at the water/surfactant interface. Neutron spin echo spectroscopy allows to disentangle polymer from droplet dynamics. Under large confinement sizes accelerated dynamics are found.
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23

Huang, Dong-Lin, Bei Zhang, and Jun Zhang. "Morphological transformations of AB diblock copolymer particles in soft confinement." International Journal of Modern Physics B 34, no. 12 (2020): 2050118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979220501180.

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The morphologies of diblock copolymers self-assembled under selected solvent have been investigated systematically using a simulated annealing method. Various categories of internal morphologies are observed. The morphology transform can be modulated by three important factors: softness of confinement, volume fraction of A/B monomers ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]) and selectivity of solvent. With increase in [Formula: see text], the selectivity of solvent can determine the type and number of cores. The softness of confinement can greatly influence the shape of copolymer which pr
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24

Mohana, Mohammed H. "Reinforced concrete confinement coefficient estimation using soft computing models." Periodicals of Engineering and Natural Sciences (PEN) 7, no. 4 (2019): 1833. http://dx.doi.org/10.21533/pen.v7i4.947.

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25

Canali, C. M., Mats Wallin, and V. E. Kravtsov. "Nonuniversality in random-matrix ensembles with soft level confinement." Physical Review B 51, no. 5 (1995): 2831–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.51.2831.

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26

Diao, Ying, Matthew E. Helgeson, Zeina A. Siam, et al. "Nucleation under Soft Confinement: Role of Polymer–Solute Interactions." Crystal Growth & Design 12, no. 1 (2011): 508–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cg201434r.

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27

Kuttich, Björn, Alexander Matt, Andreas Weber, Ann-Kathrin Grefe, Laura Vietze, and Bernd Stühn. "Water/PEG Mixtures: Phase Behavior, Dynamics and Soft Confinement." Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie 232, no. 7-8 (2018): 1089–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zpch-2017-1018.

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Abstract Polyethylene glycol is water soluble and forms an eutectic system with water. The eutectic temperature is −19 °C for M=1500 g mol−1 and increases with molecular weight. The dielectric relaxation spectrum of the mixtures exhibits a strong loss maximum in ϵ″ (ω) similar to pure water. Relaxation time increases with the addition of PEG. Activation energies exhibit a maximum of 0.35 eV at molar fraction χp≈0.2. This compares well with results on ethanol water mixtures. Adding PEG molecules to nanoscopic water droplets of inverse microemulsions has only small impact on the bending modulus
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28

Binder, Kurt, Jürgen Horbach, Richard Vink, and Andres De Virgiliis. "Confinement effects on phase behavior of soft matter systems." Soft Matter 4, no. 8 (2008): 1555. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b802207k.

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29

Moreno, Angel J., and Juan Colmenero. "Soft Confinement in Spherical Mesophases of Block Copolymer Melts." Macromolecules 42, no. 21 (2009): 8543–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma901536e.

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30

Gouliaev, Nikolai, and John F. Nagle. "Simulations of Interacting Membranes in the Soft Confinement Regime." Physical Review Letters 81, no. 12 (1998): 2610–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.81.2610.

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31

Sheng, Yuping, Jian An, and Yutian Zhu. "Self-assembly of ABA triblock copolymers under soft confinement." Chemical Physics 452 (May 2015): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemphys.2015.02.019.

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32

Yan, Nan, Yutian Zhu, and Wei Jiang. "Self-assembly of ABC triblock copolymers under 3D soft confinement: a Monte Carlo study." Soft Matter 12, no. 3 (2016): 965–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5sm02079d.

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33

Yan, Nan, Xuejie Liu, Yan Zhang, Nan Sun, Wei Jiang, and Yutian Zhu. "Confined co-assembly of AB/BC diblock copolymer blends under 3D soft confinement." Soft Matter 14, no. 23 (2018): 4679–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8sm00486b.

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34

MAAS, AXEL. "GLUONS AT FINITE TEMPERATURE IN LANDAU GAUGE YANG–MILLS THEORY." Modern Physics Letters A 20, no. 24 (2005): 1797–811. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732305018049.

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The infrared behavior of Yang–Mills theory at finite temperature provides access to the role of confinement. In this review recent results on this topic from lattice calculations and especially Dyson–Schwinger studies are discussed. These indicate persistence of a residual confinement even in the high-temperature phase. The confinement mechanism is very similar to the one in the vacuum for the chromomagnetic sector. In the chromoelectric sector screening occurs at the soft scale g2T, although not leading to a perturbative behavior.
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35

Kumar, R., and S. N. Singh. "Electronic States in a Doubly Eccentric Cylindrical Quantum Wire." Journal of Scientific Research 12, no. 4 (2020): 473–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v12i4.45504.

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Electronic states of a single electron in doubly eccentric cylindrical quantum wire are theoretically investigated in this paper. The motion of electron in quantum wire is free along axial direction in a cylindrical quantum wire and restricted in annular regions by three different parallel finite cylindrical barriers as soft wall confinement. The effective mass Schrödinger equation with effective mass boundary conditions is used to find energy eigenvalues and corresponding wavefunctions. Addition theorem for cylindrical Bessel functions is used to shift the origin for applying boundary conditi
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36

Jeong, Seong-Jun, Ji Eun Kim, Hyoung-Seok Moon, et al. "Soft Graphoepitaxy of Block Copolymer Assembly with Disposable Photoresist Confinement." Nano Letters 9, no. 6 (2009): 2300–2305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl9004833.

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37

Willner, Lutz, Reidar Lund, Michael Monkenbusch, Olaf Holderer, Juan Colmenero, and Dieter Richter. "Polymer dynamics under soft confinement in a self-assembled system." Soft Matter 6, no. 7 (2010): 1559. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b922649d.

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38

Bardhan, Soumik, Kaushik Kundu, Barnali Kar, et al. "Synergistic interactions of surfactant blends in aqueous medium are reciprocated in non-polar medium with improved efficacy as a nanoreactor." RSC Advances 6, no. 60 (2016): 55104–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra06776j.

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39

Xiang, Li, Jiawen Zhang, Lu Gong, and Hongbo Zeng. "Surface forces and interaction mechanisms of soft thin films under confinement: a short review." Soft Matter 16, no. 29 (2020): 6697–719. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0sm00924e.

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Surface forces of soft thin films under confinement in fluids play an important role in diverse biological and technological applications, such as bio-adhesion, lubrication and micro- and nano-electromechanical systems.
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40

Benzi, Roberto, Mauro Sbragaglia, Massimo Bernaschi, and Sauro Succi. "Shear banding from lattice kinetic models with competing interactions." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 369, no. 1945 (2011): 2439–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2011.0058.

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We present numerical simulations based on a Boltzmann kinetic model with competing interactions, aimed at characterizing the rheological properties of soft-glassy materials. The lattice kinetic model is shown to reproduce typical signatures of driven soft-glassy flows in confined geometries, such as Herschel–Bulkley rheology, shear banding and hysteresis. This lends further credit to the present lattice kinetic model as a valuable tool for the theoretical/computational investigation of the rheology of driven soft-glassy materials under confinement.
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41

STERN, JACQUELINE, MOHAMED BOURENANE, and GÉRARD CLÉMENT. "CRANKING THE CHIRAL SOLITON BAG MODEL: GLUONIC EFFECTS." Modern Physics Letters A 03, no. 13 (1988): 1291–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732388001550.

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The nucleon-delta mass difference is computed in the chiral soliton bag model with soft confinement of gluons by the cranking method. The resulting value of the effective strong fine structure constant is αs≃0.7.
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42

Shalaev, Evgenyi, and Alan K. Soper. "Water in a Soft Confinement: Structure of Water in Amorphous Sorbitol." Journal of Physical Chemistry B 120, no. 29 (2016): 7289–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b06157.

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43

Zheng, Bin, and Qing-Tian Meng. "Confinement of spherical colloid particles in a soft fluid membrane tube." Chinese Physics B 23, no. 3 (2014): 038701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-1056/23/3/038701.

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44

Guo, Dan, Yanan Li, Xu Zheng, et al. "Programmed Coassembly of One-Dimensional Binary Superstructures by Liquid Soft Confinement." Journal of the American Chemical Society 140, no. 1 (2017): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jacs.7b09738.

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45

Oğuz, E. C., A. Reinmüller, H. J. Schöpe, T. Palberg, R. Messina, and H. Löwen. "Crystalline multilayers of charged colloids in soft confinement: experiment versus theory." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 24, no. 46 (2012): 464123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/24/46/464123.

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46

Zhang, Chuan, Yunlong Guo, and Rodney D. Priestley. "Glass Transition Temperature of Polymer Nanoparticles under Soft and Hard Confinement." Macromolecules 44, no. 10 (2011): 4001–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma1026862.

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47

Archer, Andrew J., and Alexandr Malijevský. "Crystallization of soft matter under confinement at interfaces and in wedges." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 28, no. 24 (2016): 244017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/28/24/244017.

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48

Satyal, Sagar Raj, Ben Leshchinsky, Jie Han, and Madan Neupane. "Use of cellular confinement for improved railway performance on soft subgrades." Geotextiles and Geomembranes 46, no. 2 (2018): 190–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geotexmem.2017.11.006.

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49

Javed, Hassan, Shubashree Pani, Jithin Antony, Mariappan Sakthivel, and Jean-Francois Drillet. "Synthesis of mesoporous carbon spheres via a soft-template route for catalyst supports in PEMFC cathodes." Soft Matter 17, no. 33 (2021): 7743–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1sm00450f.

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Relatively fast and cost-effective production of porous carbon particles via a soft-template acid and base route. Impressive enhancement in Pt corrosion stability due to optimal confinement of Pt particles in mesoporous cavities of carbons.
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50

Wang, Wanying, Qingzi Luo, Bingxiang Yuan, and Xiaoping Chen. "An Investigation of Time-Dependent Deformation Characteristics of Soft Dredger Fill." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (July 8, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8861260.

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The creep characteristics of soft clays have been studied for decades. However, the lateral deformation of soils is not allowed during the commonly used one-dimensional consolidation tests, which cannot describe the real deformation features of soils in practice. On the other hand, the influence of drainage distance on the mechanical properties of soil is still controversial, classified as hypothesis A and hypothesis B. For a better understanding of deformation characteristics of soft clay, especially which in long-terms, a series of conventional oedometer tests as well as novel geometric conf
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