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1

Sharma, Sanket P., and Prof R. M. Phuke. "Effect of Soft Storey on Multi-storey Building." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 13, no. 4 (2025): 6576–89. https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2025.69889.

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Abstract: In the present work study is carried out for the behavior of G + 10 storied RC buildings with Rectangular shaped plan of soft storey at different levels. Floor height provided as 3.4m and also properties are defined for the irregular R.C building modelled in STAAD. Pro V8i software. Here twelve models are created in which soft storey is provided at ground, fifth and eleventh storey in all four seismic zones. From result it is found that Location of Soft storey effects seismic behavior of building in every zone from low to high seismicity. As the location of soft storey goes upper it
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Sharma, Sanket P., and Prof R. M. Phuke. "Study of Structural Parameters Effect Caused by Soft Storey in Multi-Storey Building." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 13, no. 4 (2025): 6590–605. https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2025.69890.

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Abstract: In the present work study is carried out for the behavior of G + 10 storied RC buildings with Rectangular shaped plan of soft storey at different levels. Floor height provided as 3.4m and also properties are defined for the irregular R.C building modelled in STAAD. Pro V8i software. Here twelve models are created in which soft storey is provided at ground, fifth and eleventh storey in all four seismic zones. From result it is found that Location of Soft storey effects seismic behavior of building in every zone from low to high seismicity. As the location of soft storey goes upper it
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3

Mohammed, Irfan Hussain*. "SEISMIC ANALYSIS OF MULTI STOREYED BUILDING WITH SOFT STOREY." GLOBAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE AND RESEARCHES 4, no. 9 (2017): 225–35. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.999317.

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Earthquake in different parts of the world demonstrated the hazardous consequences and vulnerability of inadequate structures. Soft storey is a storey in which the stiffness is less than 70% of the storey above or less than 80% of the combined stiffness of the storey's above. In a multi-storied building, soft storey is adopted to accommodate parking which is an unavoidable feature. This open ground storey is vulnerable to collapse during earthquake. Soft storey in a building causes stiffness irregularity in a structure. In high rise building or multi storey building, soft storey construction i
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Adhau, Janhvi B. "Evaluating The Structural Performance of Soft Storey’s Through the Use of Haunches." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 09, no. 05 (2025): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem47962.

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Abstract :-The research paper examines the seismic behavior of buildings with soft storeys, which are high-rise structures where the ground floor is open, often for parking. These soft storey create significant changes in the building’s lateral stiffness and strength, impacting the building’s performance during earthquakes. The study focuses on understanding how soft storeys affect seismic parameters such as storey drift, displacement, base shear, and storey overturning moments. The research evaluates buildings with soft storeys at different levels, using the Equivalent Static Method and seism
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Pramod, M. Gajbe* Prof. R. V. R. K. Prasad. "ANALYSIS OF SOFT STORY MULTISTORED STEEL STRUCTURE BUILDING." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY 5, no. 7 (2016): 617–26. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.57050.

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This paper focusing on soft storey  Multi-storey steel structure  buildings, These building  are becoming increasingly common and economical  in developed and developing countries with the increase in urbanization all over the world. Many of these buildings do not have structural walls at ground floor level to increase the flexibility of the space for recreational use such as parking or for retail or commercial use. these buildings which possess storey that are significantly weaker or more flexible than adjacent storey are known as soft storey buildings, these are character
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Fajar, Muhammad Nur, Mizwan Purnama, Albertus Didik Setyo Purwantoro, Herlina Arifin, and Alfina Maysyurah. "Pengaruh Set Back Terhadap Kinerja Batas Layan Struktur Dengan Soft storey Akibat Beban Gempa." Bentang : Jurnal Teoritis dan Terapan Bidang Rekayasa Sipil 11, no. 2 (2023): 235–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.33558/bentang.v11i2.6976.

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Seiring perkembangan zaman pembangunan mengalami perkembangan yang sangat pesat, yang mana dalam perencanaannya menambahkan unsur arsitektural seperti ketidakberaturan geometri dan bangunan soft storey. Di Sorong terdapat sesar aktif, sehingga tantangan untuk membangun gedung dengan resiko gempa. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh displacement dan drift ratio serta kinerja struktur pada gedung bertingkat dengan efek soft storey pada bangunan set back dan tanpa set back. Pada penelitian bangunan dimodelkan dengan maksimal 7 lantai dengan tinggi total bangunan 37 m menggunakan so
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Surbhi, Jain*1 &. Prof. M.C. Paliwal2. "SEISMIC EVALUATION OF SOFT STOREY BUILDING CONSIDERING ONE BY ONE FLOOR AS A SOFT STOREY." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY 6, no. 10 (2017): 504–14. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1036378.

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With the advancement in field of high rise construction, various types of frame arrangements have been emerged. Le Corbuiser popularly known as LC was one of the pioneers of, what is now called five points of modern architecture. Hence, he deviced the concept of soft storey, in which stiffness is altered, along with storey height to achieve an asthetic view. The present study is an attempt to analyse soft storey considering one by one floor as a soft storey. The total cases studied are 7. Seismic zone II is considered in the analysis. To analyse soft storey building STAAD.Pro software used. Re
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8

Supriya, B., and Kedar Giri Prof. "Comparative Analysis Of A Multi-Storey Tall Structure When It Is Braced With Shear Wall And Soft Storey At Different Levels By Performing Response Spectrum Analysis And Time History Analysis." Journal of Scientific Research and Technology (JSRT) 1, no. 6 (2023): 156–73. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8330545.

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To understand the behaviour of a multi-storey reinforced concrete building when it is braced with shear wall with different location and soft storey at different levels. The routine of soft storey in seismic zones is incredibly crucial since soft storey structures is less rigid normally the soft storey is present at the bottom level moreover if the things is not engaged into concern it can cause the construction of building to be generally get affected by quake. By performing time history analysis as well as response spectrum analysis we will get to know the maximum response of an fundamentall
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9

Güneş, Necmettin, and Pınar Bora. "First-storey height effects on the collapse performance of buildings in extreme events." Journal of Structural Engineering & Applied Mechanics 7, no. 2 (2024): 136–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31462/jseam.2024.02136147.

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Higher first-storey height could cause soft-storey irregularity due to less lateral stiffness, in which the hysteric energy dissipation is localized at the first storey of buildings. In the seismic design codes, two different approaches, based on the drift and lateral stiffness ratios, are used to determine soft-storey irregularity. In this study, four reinforced concrete models with different first-storey to typical-storey height ratios are used to show the first-storey height effects. It is shown that even if the models are regular for soft stories based on the seismic design code limits, th
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10

Shilpa S and Navith K B. "Behavioural Study of Infill’s Walls on Soft Story Building." September 2021 7, no. 09 (2021): 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.46501/ijmtst0709013.

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Open ground storey or soft storey is a typical feature in multistory structures in urban areas. This open storey is provided to accommodate parking, reception lobbies, office, communication hall etc. Many of structure having soft storey suffered major damage and collapsed in recent earthquakes. During an earthquake, because of variation in stiffness in soft story and its adjacent floors the inter story drift can occur and the lateral forces cannot be well distributed along the height of building. Lateral forces concentrate on soft story causes large displacement. In this work, an attempt has b
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11

K., K. PATHAK, and DHOKANE SHALAKA. "A Study on the Effectiveness of Bracing Systems in Soft Storey Steel Buildings." Journal on Today's Ideas - Tomorrow's Technologies 4, no. 2 (2016): 77–88. https://doi.org/10.15415/jotitt.2016.42006.

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A soft storey or a weak storey is one in which the lateral stiffness is less than 70 percent of that in the storey above or it can be less than 80 percent of the average lateral stiffness of the three stories above. For the reduction of lateral deflection of a structure, a bracing system is provided. In seismic design of structure and in high rise structure, the provision of bracing system has become more effective. So this paper aims to find out the effect of bracing on soft storey of steel building. In this paper, G+9 steel frames are modeled with different type of bracing pattern and differ
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12

Ibrahim, Teba Salim, and Halla Jasem Mohamad. "Effects of Soft Story Locations on the Nonlinear Time History Analysis of Multistory Reinforced Concrete Buildings." Civil and Environmental Engineering 20, no. 1 (2024): 544–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cee-2024-0041.

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Abstract The current paper included studying the effects of soft storey locations on dynamic response of reinforced concrete (RC) buildings under the impacts of earthquakes. Soft storey is essential to provide the building with a functional space such as vehicle garages or open meeting rooms. Further analytical investigation was necessary to understand the impact of these flexible floors on the building's response during earthquakes, as conducting experimental research to address this issue is highly difficult. The research encompassed the effects of soft storey location in two types of buildi
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13

Ulutaş, Hakan. "Investigation of the Causes of Soft-Storey and Weak-Storey Formations in Low- and Mid-Rise RC Buildings in Türkiye." Buildings 14, no. 5 (2024): 1308. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings14051308.

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This study investigates the causes of soft-storey and weak-storey formations in low- and mid-rise RC (Reinforced Concrete) buildings in Türkiye. In the first phase of the study, 96 model buildings were designated for the examination of soft-storey irregularity when the ground floors are used for commercial purposes and the upper floors for residential use. The ground floor heights that would cause soft-storey irregularity in each of the selected buildings were determined according to the formulas given in the Türkiye Building Earthquake Code (TBEC) and the American Society of Civil Engineers S
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14

Suresh Kannan, S. "Seismic Analysis of Soft Storey Building in Earthquake Zones." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1130, no. 1 (2023): 012023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1130/1/012023.

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Abstract In this paper (G+8) building is modeled like a bare frame, a bare frame with the shear wall, and a bare frame with X bracing by changing the soft storey to different floors. The static analysis effect is determined for all three models with zone IV and zone V using Staad pro-V8i software. The main objective of the research was to assess the impact of a soft storey in various earthquake zones and by varying places of the soft storey from first to the top floor and for frames with different column shapes by seismic analyses in staad pro. The results of variable building models are obtai
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15

Bhavani Chowdary, T., G. Pujitha, and N. Srujana. "Non linear static analysis of stiffness irregular RC structures." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1086, no. 1 (2022): 012004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1086/1/012004.

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Abstract Vertical structures exhibit flexibility than ordinary structures and also they show sensitivity in earthquake excitation. As per the safety standards of construction, structures are built with simple and uniform configurations. Focusing on aesthetic view of these vertical structures, discontinuity in stiffness occurs there by resulting in soft storey. this feature is highly undesirable in buildings especially in seismic active zones. However soft storey cause large deformations at the junction of building lead a greater failure for life and property. An attempt has been made to predic
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16

Mali, A. A., and P. M. Mohite. "Seismic Behaviour of Building with Soft Storey: Review." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 1 (2023): 227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.48499.

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Abstract: The high-rise building in which ground storey consists of open space is known as building with soft floor. Such floor plays an important role in seismic performance of the building. This is due to the abrupt changes in lateral stiffness and strength caused by such storey. In the present era there is increase in population, finding parking for flats in congested areas has become a significant issue. As a result, erecting multistory structures with an open first floor is now a widespread practice. These Buildings that have all upper storeys enclosed by masonry walls but no infill mason
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17

Sabiha, Shaikh Qasim Qamar. "Evaluation of Lead Rubber Base Isolation in High Rise Structure." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 13, no. 3 (2025): 7–14. https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2025.67023.

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Seismic isolation also known as base isolation is one of the best earthquake resistant design concept in which a building is decoupled from the earthquake ground motion or seismic waves. In base isolation the base of the structure is isolated using isolators which help in decoupling. This study will therefore evaluate the performance of High-Rise structure with Lead Rubber Bearing as an Isolation System for different structures using seismic and wind analysis with focus on determining the effect of soft storeys within structures on variables such as storey displacement, storey drift, storey st
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18

Ahmed, Mabrur. "Performance-Based Seismic Analysis of Mid-Rise Buildings in Northeast India (Zone 5)." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 09, no. 04 (2025): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem46007.

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Abstract This paper presents a comprehensive nonlinear seismic assessment of mid-rise reinforced concrete (RC) buildings located in Northeast India's Zone 5 using Performance-Based Seismic Design (PBSD) methodology. Two building models, one regular and another with a soft-storey irregularity, were analyzed using Nonlinear Time History Analysis (NLTHA) and Incremental Dynamic Analysis (IDA). Fragility curves were developed to quantify seismic vulnerability. Results highlight the pronounced drift concentration in soft-storey structures and emphasize the necessity of PBSD integration into seismic
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19

Mohammed, Zameer Ahamed J. "Study and Behaviour of Seismic Load on Soft Storey Building Using Diagonal Bracing with Visco Elastic Damper." Journal of Earthquake Science and Soil Dynamics Engineering 5, no. 2 (2022): 1–18. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7186819.

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Tall building construction and developments have been rapidly increasing worldwide Development of metro cities in India there is increasing demand in High Rise Building and it is common to use the effect of masonry infill panel on the response of RC frame subjected to seismic action. In this study the effect of seismic load on soft storey building using diagonal bracing with visco elastic damper wall on high rise building is studied, because the effect of diagonal bracing must be considered for the seismic evaluation of moment resistant reinforced concrete frames Linear analysis is performed o
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20

Liu, Chunyang, Peng Sun, and Ruofan Shi. "Seismic Response Analysis and Control of Frame Structures with Soft First Storey under Near-Fault Ground Motions." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (March 30, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2642431.

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This paper proposes two kinds of arrangements of buckling-restrained brace dampers to strengthen soft-first-storey structures locally. Two types of near-fault ground motion, with and without pulse, were selected for a study of the seismic response characteristics of soft-first-storey structures with and without buckling-restrained brace dampers, and the effects of different bracing arrangements on improving the seismic performance of soft-first-storey structures were recognized. The results show that, compared with pulse-free ground motion, near-fault pulsed ground motion results in a more sev
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21

Wilson, J., N. Lam, and K. Rodsin. "Collapse Modelling of Soft-Storey Buildings." Australian Journal of Structural Engineering 10, no. 1 (2009): 11–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13287982.2009.11465029.

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22

Lamb, P. B. "Seismic Behavior of Soft First Storey." IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering 4, no. 5 (2012): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/1684-0452833.

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23

Mundaware, Akash D., Chaitanya M. Mahale, Gunvant S. Magar, and Mahendra S. Shelke. "Seismic Behavior of RC Frame Building and Its Analysis with Improving Measures." International Journal of Advance Research and Innovation 4, no. 2 (2016): 52–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.51976/ijari.421609.

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The infill masonry walls are seldom included in analysis of reinforced concrete structural systems, since masonry panels are generally considered as non-structural components. However, these panels affect the structural response, although the complexity they introduce to analysis. The effects of masonry infill on the global seismic response of reinforced concrete structures arethe part of study. Recently, it becomes important to determine the earthquake behavior of structures with infill walls in earthquake engineering. Parametric analyses on a large variety of multi-storey infill reinforced c
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24

Mon, Aye Thet, Kyaw Zeyar Win, and Ni Ni Moe Kyaw. "Comparison on Soft Storey Effect at Different Level in Multi-Storey Buildings." International Journal of Science and Engineering Applications 8, no. 11 (2019): 471–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.7753/ijsea0811.1001.

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25

Chan, Ricky W. K., and Zhe Fei Zhao. "Mitigation of Seismic Risks to Soft-Storey Structures Using Toggle-Brace-Damper Systems." Applied Mechanics and Materials 238 (November 2012): 833–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.238.833.

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Soft-storey mechanism is characterized by a sudden reduction of lateral stiffness in one or more levels of a structure. Soft-storey is often observed in the ground level due to the absence of wall or cladding. With recent develop of energy dissipation systems, soft-storey mechanism can be corrected by addition of a damper-brace assembly. In particular, this paper investigates the effect of toggle-damper-brace systems on such situations. Governing equations including the magnification factor and lateral stiffness contributed by a toggle-damper-brace are formulated. It was found that a toggle-da
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26

Dutta, Sekhar Chandra, Sanjib Samaddar, and Indranil Dutta. "Behaviour and Strengthening of Soft Storey Structure." IABSE Symposium Report 96, no. 2 (2009): 38–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/222137809796088981.

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27

Sudhakar, Waghmare. "A Review: Dynamic Analysis for Controlling Seismic Response of R.C. Frame Structure by Virtual Work." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 11 (2022): 866–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.47464.

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Abstract: The Performance of The RCC Building During Earthquake Depends Upon the Distribution of Stiffness Amongst The Storeys. If The Distribution Is Non- Uniform To A Large Extend, The Performance of The Building is Poor. The Storey Stiffness is Contributed By The Columns As Well As The Brick Infill. If The Effective Storey Stiffness of A Floor is Less Than 70% of the Storey Above Or Below It , Then It Is Called The Soft Storey. It Is Learnt From The Past Earthquakes That Soft Storey Are More Vulnerable To Failure. The Study of Building Performance During Past Earthquakes Has Revealed That M
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Kulkarni, Shantanu, and M. V. Waghmare. "Effectiveness of Lateral Load Resisting Systems for Open Ground+20 Storied RC Framed Structure." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 7 (2022): 4284–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.45970.

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Abstract: In a highly populated country like India, problem of parking of the vehicles arises, this problem leaves no option for design of open ground storey buildings. Since there are no infill walls in ground storey, stiffness in the upper storey is much more than the ground storey. The columns in the ground storey are heavily stressed, therefore it is required that the ground storey columns must have sufficient strength and adequate ductility, the increased base shear is resisted entirely by the columns of ground storey only. These buildings are vulnerable due to the sudden lowering of stif
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Singh, Aparna, Sunita Tolani, S. D. Bharti, and T. K. Datta. "Seismic Analysis of Flat Slab Buildings on Hilly Ground." Proceedings of the 12th Structural Engineering Convention, SEC 2022: Themes 1-2 1, no. 1 (2022): 775–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.38208/acp.v1.580.

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In India, hilly region especially northern part is more seismically active region. Flat Slab systems are widely popular in multi-storey buildings. Flat slab building has more advantages than a regular building like fast construction, free design space, reduced floor to floor height and economical. Flat slab buildings are also being built in high seismicity region. Buildings on hilly ground are vulnerable due to their vertical and horizontal irregularity and they undergo high shear and torsion during the earthquake. Further due to short column and soft storey on uphill side has higher lateral f
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Nakum, Amit R., and Dr K. B. Parikh. "To Evaluate the Seismic Response of a Building Having Stiffness Irregularity and Plan Irregularity with Quintuple Friction Pendulum System." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 6 (2022): 375–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.43707.

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Abstract: Quintuple friction pendulum (QFPS) bearing is a new generation sliding isolation system having multiple spherical sliding surfaces. The friction isolation system with single sliding surface is designed for a specific level of ground shaking, which may prove ineffective in case of other hazard levels. The QFPS bearing on the other hand, exhibits adaptive behavior and imparts greater amount of flexibility to the designer for various levels of earthquake shaking. Here, the effectiveness of Quintuple Friction pendulum system is carried out to study the seismic demands of base-isolated bu
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Sabiha, Shaikh Qasim Qamar. "Performance of High Rise Structure with Lead Rubber Base as an Isolation System." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 13, no. 2 (2025): 849–56. https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2025.66984.

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A weak story, often referred to as a soft story, is one that has insufficient ductility to withstand the forces placed on the building by an earthquake. Buildings with soft stories typically have a story with a lot of open space. Since soft stories are traditionally associated with retail establishments and parking garages, they are frequently located on the lower stories of a building. As a result, when they collapse, they have the potential to bring the entire structure down, resulting in severe structural damage that may render the building completely unusable. However, there have only been
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Joshi, Gaurav, K. K. Pathak, and Saleem Akhtar. "Seismic Analysis of Soft Storey Buildings Considering Structural and Geometrical Parameters." Journal on Today's Ideas - Tomorrow's Technologies 1, no. 2 (2013): 73–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.15415/jotitt.2013.12005.

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33

Thinley, Kinzang, and Hong Hao. "Seismic response analyses and performance assessment of masonry-infilled reinforced concrete frame buildings in Bhutan without and with soft storey." Advances in Structural Engineering 20, no. 5 (2016): 822–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433216661336.

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Bhutan locates in a high seismicity region but has no seismic design code of its own. Recent devastating earthquake in Nepal, which is located in the same region as Bhutan and with similar construction types, raises the concern on the seismic safety of building structures in Bhutan. This study is aimed at assessing the performance of masonry-infilled and soft storey reinforced concrete frame buildings in Bhutan under the 475- and 2475-year return period ground motions predicted from the Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis. A nonlinear strut model is used to model the infill wall, and the inf
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., Md Rihan Maaze. "SEISMIC EVALUATION OF MUTISTOREY BUILDING WITH SOFT STOREY." International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology 02, no. 13 (2013): 459–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.15623/ijret.2013.0213087.

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35

Wibowo, Ari, John L. Wilson, Nelson TK Lam, and Emad F. Gad. "Collapse Behaviour Assessment of Precast Soft Storey Building." Procedia Engineering 125 (2015): 1036–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2015.11.159.

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36

R.K.L. Su. "Seismic Behaviour of Buildings with Transfer Structures in Low-to- Moderate Seismicity Regions." Electronic Journal of Structural Engineering, no. 01 (March 28, 2008): 99–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.56748/ejse.9001.

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A literature review has been conducted aimed at improving the general understanding of the seismic response of concrete buildings with transfer structures in low-to-moderate seismicity regions. This paper summarizes and discusses the existing codified requirements for transfer structure design under seismic conditions. Based on the previous shaking table test results and numerical findings, the seismic effects on the inelastic behaviours of transfer structures are investigated. The mechanisms for the formation of a soft storey below transfer floors, the abrupt change in inter-storey drift near
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37

Surbhi, Jain*1 &. Prof. M.C. Paliwal2. "ANALYSIS TO STRENGTHEN SOFT STOREY RC BUILDING VIA HORIZONTAL EQUIVALENT DIAGONAL STRUTS." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY 6, no. 10 (2017): 515–26. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1036389.

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With the advancement in field of high rise construction, various types of frame arrangements have been emerged. Le Corbuiser popularly known as LC was one of the pioneers of, what is now called five points of modern architecture. Hence, he deviced the concept of soft storey, in which stiffness is altered, along with storey height to achieve an asthetic view. The present study is an attempt to analyse soft storeys strengthened using vertical pattern of equivalent diagonal struts. The equivalent diagonal struts method was proposed by Stafford Smith and Hendry, in which the concept of equivalent
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38

Migda, Wojciech, and Robert Jankowski. "Numerical Analysis of a Steel Frame Building with Soft-Storey Failure under Ground Motion Excitation." Key Engineering Materials 525-526 (November 2012): 481–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.525-526.481.

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t has been observed during earthquakes that the soft-storey failure of an upper floor of a building results in large impact load acting on structural members of the lower storeys. It may further lead to progressive collapse of the whole structure substantially intensifying human losses and material damages. The aim of this paper is to show the results of a numerical analysis focused on the behaviour of multi-storey steel frame building that suffers from a soft-storey failure under ground motion excitation. A numerical model of the structure was created in FEM computer software and was exposed
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Kashif, Ahmer, and S. Chouka Sharat. "Seismic Performance Evaluation of Multi-Storey Building Having Soft Storey With Different Location of Shear Walls." International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE) 9, no. 11 (2020): 50–55. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.K7678.0991120.

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Present scenario growth of Multistory building is incredibly high attributable to fast growth everywhere around the globe. Open first story is usually provided for congested parking space, reception lobbies, party areas or any purpose in multistory building. However just in case of multistory building with soft story provides reduced performance. There are numerous aspects that effects on the behavior of multistory building like irregular plan within the structure. In the present work, study of various locations of weak stories is being considered for the analysis. To study of various location
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Tabeshpour, Mohammad Reza, and Azadeh Noorifard. "Comparing calculation methods of storey stiffness to control provision of soft storey in seismic codes." Earthquakes and Structures 11, no. 1 (2016): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/eas.2016.11.1.001.

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41

Ye, Yan Xia, Hua Huang, and Dong Wei Li. "Analysis on the Effect of Filler Wall to the Dynamic Characteristics and Storey Displacement of RC Frame Structure." Advanced Materials Research 255-260 (May 2011): 644–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.255-260.644.

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Comparative analyses of twenty-eight finite element structures with filler walls were established to study dynamic characteristics of RC frame structures under seismic waves. The results of these analyses show that filler walls have little influence on vibration modes of the structure. But as a result of soft storey in the bottom of building caused by reduction of the filler walls, vibration modes have a great influence. As the stiffness of filler wall decrease, the stiffness of soft storey decrease shapely, vibration mode curve becomes much smoother. Considering the filler wall has influence
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42

Dahal, Niroj, Bishal Adhikari, Deepak Thapa, Dibbya Devkota, and Sushma Arayal. "Seismic Performance Assessment of RC Buildings with Variable Soft Storey Configurations and Infill Masonry Using Nonlinear Pushover Analysis." Journal of Civil and Construction Engineering 11, no. 1 (2025): 9–33. https://doi.org/10.46610/jocce.2025.v011i01.002.

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Reinforced Concrete (RC) buildings with infill masonry walls are a prevalent construction practice in seismically active regions such as Nepal. However, rapid population growth has driven a surge in residential construction, often bypassing essential design considerations, including seismic safety. This oversight leaves many buildings susceptible to significant damage, even during low-intensity ground shaking. A critical factor influencing a building's seismic performance is the presence and placement of soft stories floors that are comparatively weaker or more flexible than others in the stru
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Timilsina, Prakash, Chhabi Raj Ghimire, and Hemchandra Chaulagain. "Evaluation of Soil Structure Interaction Effects on Seismic Response of RC Framed Buildings Using Simplified Method." Structural Mechanics of Engineering Constructions and Buildings 19, no. 6 (2023): 560–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/1815-5235-2023-19-6-560-576.

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In the current practice for the design of the building structure is done by considering the footing as fixed based. The mid-rise buildings having variation in storey height from 3- to 10-storey were selected for the research. In this research, analysis was done to study into the interaction between the seismic response of RC-framed buildings and the soil-structure for various soil types. To study the linear responses of the structures, the model was developed in FEM software SAP2000. The underneath soil was modelled by using direct method, where the soil is considered as solid element. The con
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P. Kale,, Jayant. "Seismic Analysis of Masonry Infilled Structure with Open Ground Storey and Refuge Storey." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 09, no. 05 (2025): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem48817.

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Abstract- The study examines the seismic performance of reinforced concrete (RC) frame structures with masonry infill, focusing on the presence of Open Ground Storey (OGS) and Refuge Storey. Utilizing ETABS software, two distinct building plans L-shaped and Box-shaped are modeled to assess their seismic performance across different seismic zones as per IS 1893:2016. These features create a soft-storey condition, making them vulnerable to collapse during earthquakes. The study compares structures with and without infill walls across different seismic zones of India. Results show higher vulnerab
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45

DOLŠEK, MATJAŽ, and PETER FAJFAR. "SOFT STOREY EFFECTS IN UNIFORMLY INFILLED REINFORCED CONCRETE FRAMES." Journal of Earthquake Engineering 5, no. 1 (2001): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13632460109350383.

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., S. Zubair Ahmed. "SEISMIC RESPONSE OF RC FRAME STRUCTURE WITH SOFT STOREY." International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology 03, no. 09 (2014): 180–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.15623/ijret.2014.0309027.

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Santhi, M. Helen, G. M. Samuel Knight, and K. Muthumani. "Evaluation of seismic response of soft-storey infilled frames." Computers and Concrete 2, no. 6 (2005): 423–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/cac.2005.2.6.423.

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48

Goh, Key Seng, and Tso-Chien Pan. "Torsional response of nonductile structures with soft-first-storey." Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics 44, no. 1 (2014): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eqe.2452.

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Vinayak, R. M., and Yogeendra R. Holebagilu. "Comparative Analysis between Bare Frame, Infill Frame and Braced Frame with Soft Storey." Bonfring International Journal of Man Machine Interface 4, Special Issue (2016): 78–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.9756/bijmmi.8160.

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Işık, Ercan, Hakan Ulutaş, Ehsan Harirchian, Fatih Avcil, Ceyhun Aksoylu, and Musa Hakan Arslan. "Performance-Based Assessment of RC Building with Short Columns Due to the Different Design Principles." Buildings 13, no. 3 (2023): 750. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13030750.

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Many factors affect the earthquake vulnerability of reinforced concrete (RC) structures, constituting a large part of the existing building stock. Short column in RC structures is one of the reasons for earthquake damage. Significant damages may occur due to brittle fractures in structural elements when the shear resistances are exceeded under the effect of high shear stress in short columns formed due to architectural and topographic reasons. This study created structural models for three situations: the hill slope effect, band-type window and mezzanine floor, which may cause short column for
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