Academic literature on the topic 'Soft tissue injuries – Surgery – Mathematical models'
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Journal articles on the topic "Soft tissue injuries – Surgery – Mathematical models"
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Sachdev, Gurvansh S., Manu Rajan, Sanjay Dvivedi, Saurabh Agrawal, and Kinnari A. V. Rawat. "Clinical profile of patients with below knee soft tissue injuries." International Surgery Journal 5, no. 2 (January 25, 2018): 478. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20180335.
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Background: In the recent era of trauma majority of people suffer from lower limb injuries, which cause functional disabilities and psychosocial consequences. Lower limb injury specially below knee generally involves young and productive people so it is the prime responsibility of the society to prevent such incidents. Our aim is to study clinical profile of various below knee soft tissue injuries to develop better prediction models for defining the most important target for prevention and to reduce morbidities and disabilities.Methods: The study was conducted in the Department of Surgery, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences (HIMS), Swami Ram Nagar, Dehradun, over a period of 12 months. Subjects were recruited from patients presenting in Emergency/Surgery OPD, HIMS, Dehradun with a primary diagnosis of below knee soft tissue injuries. A total of 64 patients were included in the study.Results: Maximum number of patients were in the age group of 20-40 years (46.88%), and were predominantly males (84.38%). The commonest mode of injury was RTA (75%) primarily involving 2 wheelers (72.91%). Most patients (42.18%) had late presentation to the hospital i.e. after 72 hours of injury which was found to be associated with contamination of wound in 66.6% of patients.Conclusions: The study emphasizes the need for preventive strategies and protection mechanisms for lower limb injuries. Late presenting contaminated wounds leads to higher complication rates hence there is need for efficient ambulance services for ensuring timely intervention.
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Onufer, Emily J., Erin G. Andrade, Angelia DeClue, Grant Bochicchio, Paul Wise, Mary E. Klingensmith, Stephen Eaton, John Kirby, and L. J. Punch. "COVER: A Curriculum in the Management of Soft Tissue Injury and Infection for Junior Surgery Residents." Journal of Graduate Medical Education 13, no. 1 (January 8, 2021): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.4300/jgme-d-20-00278.1.
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ABSTRACT Background While wound management is a common task for practicing surgeons, there is a paucity of dedicated education on soft tissue management during residency training. Objective The COVER (Causes of soft tissue injury, Obstacles to closure, Vacuums and stitches, Epithelialization, Rationale for wound care) curriculum was developed to engage junior surgery residents in the management of soft tissue injury and infection. Methods Junior surgery residents participated in the COVER lab during academic years 2018–2020. Residents applied appropriate surgical management and wound care to cadaveric models of soft tissue injury and infection. Assessments included a pre-/post-curriculum and pre-/post-lab multiple choice questionnaire and survey. Results All eligible residents (n = 45, 27) participated in the COVER lab for both academic years. Postgraduate year (PGY)-1s, PGY-2s, and PGY-3s showed improvement in wound management knowledge with an average increase in score of 17%, 8%, and 18%, respectively. They also showed a change in their self-reported perceived ability to achieve primary soft tissue closure with confidence levels 22%, 20%, and 16%, respectively. This was again seen in perceived ability to manage soft tissue injuries and infections (28%, 28%, and 23%, respectively). There was a significant increase in performing new wound management skills (PGY-1 mean 51.3%, PGY-2 33.5%, PGY-3 20%; ANOVA, P = .0001). Conclusions The COVER curriculum provides a systematic approach to soft tissue injury and infection. Residents showed a significant increase in both soft tissue knowledge as well as confidence in ability to perform wound management.
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Cravez, Erin, Kelsey A. Rankin, Nathaniel Ondeck, Lee Yaari, Michael Leslie, Carrie Swigart, and Daniel H. Wiznia. "Motorcycle crashes and upper extremity trauma." SICOT-J 7 (2021): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/sicotj/2021007.
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Objectives: Upper extremity injuries following motorcycle crashes (MCC) incur increased healthcare costs and rehabilitation needs. We aim to characterize the epidemiology of MCC upper extremity injuries and identify factors that influence the severity of and cost of care for upper extremity injuries. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of 571 patients with upper extremity injuries after MCC at a level 1 trauma center from 2002 to 2013. We collected data pertaining to demographics, helmet use, toxicology, bony injury, Injury Severity Score (ISS), Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), hospital length of stay (LOS), and cost. Continuous variables were compared using t-test or Wilcoxon rank test, depending on data distribution, and dichotomous variables were compared using Pearson’s chi-squared or Fisher’s exact tests. Regression models were used to evaluate the effect of intoxication or helmets on injury location, severity, cost of care, and LOS. Results: The incidence of MCC upper extremity injury was 47.5%, with hand and forearm fractures the most common injuries (25.5% and 24.7% of total injuries). Intoxicated patients were more likely to have a high cost of care (p = 0.012), extended LOS (p = 0.038), plastic surgery involvement in their care (p = 0.038), but fewer upper extremity bony injuries (p = 0.019). Non-helmeted patients sustained less upper extremity bony injuries (p < 0.001) and upper extremity soft tissue injuries (p = 0.001), yet more severe injuries (ISS ≥ 30, p = 0.006 and GCS < 9, p < 0.01) than helmeted patients. Conclusion: Upper extremity injuries are common in motorcyclists. Despite vital protection for the brain and maxillofacial injury, helmeted MCC patients have an increased incidence of upper extremity injuries compared to non-helmeted patients, but overall have less severe injuries. Intoxicated patients have fewer upper extremity bony injuries, but the higher cost of care, and extended LOS. Therefore, even with the increased risk of injury helmets may expose to the upper extremity, helmets reduced overall morbidity and mortality. In addition to mandatory helmet laws, we advocate for further development of safety equipment focusing specifically on the prevention of upper extremity injuries.
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Meesters, Anne M. L., Nick Assink, Kaj ten Duis, Eelco M. Fennema, Joep Kraeima, Max J. H. Witjes, Jean-Paul P. M. de Vries, Vincent M. A. Stirler, and Frank F. A. IJpma. "Accuracy of Patient-Specific Drilling Guides in Acetabular Fracture Surgery: A Human Cadaver Study." Journal of Personalized Medicine 11, no. 8 (August 3, 2021): 763. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm11080763.
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Due to the complex anatomical shape of the pelvis, screw placement can be challenging in acetabular fracture surgery. This study aims to assess the accuracy of screw placement using patient-specific surgical drilling guides applied to pre-contoured conventional implants in acetabular fracture surgery. CT scans were made of four human cadavers to create 3D models of each (unfractured) pelvis. Implants were pre-contoured on 3D printed pelvic models and optically scanned. Following virtual preoperative planning, surgical drilling guides were designed to fit on top of the implant and were 3D printed. The differences between the pre-planned and actual screw directions (degrees) and screw entry points (mm) were assessed from the pre- and postoperative CT-scans. The median difference between the planned and actual screw direction was 5.9° (IQR: 4–8°) for the in-plate screws and 7.6° (IQR: 6–10°) for the infra-acetabular and column screws. The median entry point differences were 3.6 (IQR: 2–5) mm for the in-plate screws and 2.6 (IQR: 2–3) mm for the infra-acetabular and column screws. No screws penetrated into the hip joint or caused soft tissue injuries. Three-dimensional preoperative planning in combination with surgical guides that envelope pre-contoured conventional implants result in accurate screw placement during acetabular fracture surgery.
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le Guevelou, Jennifer, Colin Debaigt, Esma Saada-Bouzid, Julien Viotti, Nazim Khalladi, David Thibouw, Nicolas Penel, et al. "Phase II study of concomitant radiotherapy with atezolizumab in oligometastatic soft tissue sarcomas: STEREOSARC trial protocol." BMJ Open 10, no. 9 (September 2020): e038391. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038391.
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IntroductionUp to 50% of soft tissue sarcoma (STS) patients develop metastases in the course of their disease. Cytotoxic therapy is a standard treatment in this setting but yields average tumour response rates of 25% at first line and ≤10% at later lines. In oligometastatic stage, stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) allows reaching high control rates at treated sites (≥80%) and is potentially equally effective to surgery in term of overall survival. In order to shift the balance towards antitumour immunity by multisite irradiation, radiation could be combined with inhibitors of the immunosuppressive pathways.Methods and analysisSTEREOSARC is a prospective, multicentric, randomised phase II, designed to evaluate the efficacy of SBRT associated with immunotherapy versus SBRT only. Randomisation is performed with a 2:1 ratio within two arms. The primary objective is to evaluate the efficacy, in term of progression-free survival (PFS) rate at 6 months, of immunomodulated stereotactic multisite irradiation in oligometastatic sarcoma patients. The secondary objectives include PFS by immune response criteria, overall survival, quality-of-life evaluation and developing mathematical models of tumour growth and dissemination predictive of oligometastatic versus polymetastatic evolution. Patients will be randomised in two groups: SBRT with atezolizumab and SBRT alone. The total number of included patients should be 103.Trial registrationThe trial is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (ID: NCT03548428).Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by Comité de Protection des Personnes du sud-ouest et outre-mer 4 on 18 October 2019 (Reference CPP2019-09-076-PP) and from National Agency for Medical and Health products Safety (Reference: MEDAECNAT-2019-08-00004_2017-004239-35) on 18 September 2019.The results will be disseminated to patients upon individual request or through media release from scientific meetings. The results will be communicated through scientific meetings and publications.
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Shapoval, S. D., L. A. Vasylevska, and V. O. Bielinska. "Clinical features and principles of differential diagnosis of erysipelas." Klinicheskaia khirurgiia 88, no. 1-2 (March 28, 2021): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.26779/2522-1396.2021.1-2.61.
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Objective. The aim is to find out the common and different features of the clinical course of erysipelas from other diseases that can imitate it.
Materials and methods. 114 case histories of patients who were hospitalized in the center of purulent-septic surgery in the City Hospital No 3 in Zaporizhzhia for the period 2019-2020 were analyzed. 123 patients, who underwent hospital treatment in the center during this period of time, were with post-injection abscesses of soft tissue, 184 - with soft tissue abscesses, 203 - with phlegmons of various localizations, 49 - with complicated panaritium, 3 of which - subcutaneous. Over the past 5 years, 127 patients were consulted in the clinic and other therapeutic, infectious, neurological and other departments of the city. A number of criteria and signs have been identified to differentiate erysipelas from diseases that may have similar clinical symptoms and a number of circumstances that need to be clarified.
Results. It is established that the diagnosis of erysipelas does not require special laboratory examination and is made on the basis of examination of the patient, epidemiological history and medical history. Provoking factors in the development of erysipelas are: violation of the integrity of the skin (abrasions, scratches, abrasions, cracks, bruises, injuries); mycoses; a sharp change in temperature (supercooling, overheating); emotional stress; increased insolation. Erysipelas has a characteristic summer-autumn seasonality. In people engaged in physical labor, the disease is registered more often than in other types of work. Hereditary predisposition to the disease is observed in 10-15% of cases. In this regard, the presence of such factors as congenital and acquired venous insufficiency of the lower extremities, fungal infection of the lower extremities, the presence of postoperative and post-traumatic scars, lymphostasis, diabetes, cardiovascular disease and diseases accompanied by the development of edema, intake of corticosteroids or cytostatics are of essential significance in the development of the disease.
Conclusions. Mathematical modeling between erysipelas and other diseases that have similar syndromes in their clinical picture may be useful in making a differential diagnosis between them.
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Moroder, Philipp, Philipp Damm, Guido Wierer, Elisabeth Böhm, Marvin Minkus, Fabian Plachel, Sven Märdian, Markus Scheibel, and Mohammad Khatamirad. "Challenging the Current Concept of Critical Glenoid Bone Loss in Shoulder Instability: Does the Size Measurement Really Tell It All?" American Journal of Sports Medicine 47, no. 3 (January 14, 2019): 688–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546518819102.
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Background: Bone loss at the anterior glenoid rim is a main reason for failure of soft-tissue based surgical stabilization procedures in patients with anterior shoulder instability. Purpose: To evaluate the capability of conventional glenoid bone loss measurement techniques to provide an adequate estimation of the actual biomechanical effect of glenoid defects. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: Thirty consecutive patients with unilateral anterior shoulder instability and varying degrees of glenoid defect were included. Patient-specific computer tomography–based 3-dimensional shoulder models of the affected and unaffected sides were created. The bony shoulder stability ratio (SR) was determined in various potential dislocation directions with finite element analysis. Values obtained from conventional glenoid defect size measurement techniques (Pico and Sugaya) were correlated with the finite element analysis results. Additionally, a mathematical model was developed to theoretically analyze the correlation between glenoid defect size measurements and the SR. Results: The authors found substantial interindividual differences of the SR of the unaffected shoulders in all directions of measurement. Bone loss at the anterior glenoid rim significantly reduced the SR in the 2-o’clock ( P = .011), 3-o’clock ( P < .001), and 4-o’clock ( P < .001) directions referring to a right shoulder. The correlation between the defect size measurements and the SR for the 2-o’clock (rho = −0.522 and −0.580), 3-o’clock (rho = −0.597 and −0.580), and 4-o’clock (rho = −0.527 and −0.522) directions was statistically significant. However, it showed only moderate strength and was nonlinear as well as dependent on the inherent shape of the concavity. As shown by the mathematical model, bone loss has the most considerable effect at the edge of the glenoid rim, and an increasingly concave-shaped glenoid leads to an increase in loss of SR provoked by the same extent of bone loss. Conclusion: Current glenoid bone loss measurements are unable to provide an adequate estimation on the actual biomechanical effect of glenoid defects because (1) the relation between the glenoid defect size and its biomechanical effect is nonlinear and (2) patients with shoulder instability have constitutional biomechanically relevant glenoid concavity shape differences. Clinical Relevance: These findings challenge the current concept of setting a general threshold for critical glenoid bone loss, which requires bony reconstruction surgery.
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Chinnakkannu, Karthikeyan, John E. Femino, Natalie Glass, Phinit Phisitkul, and Annunziato Amendola. "Posterior Ankle and Hindfoot Arthroscopy: Complications and Posterior Ankle Impingement Pathologies." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 4, no. 4 (October 1, 2019): 2473011419S0001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011419s00018.
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Category: Ankle, Arthroscopy, Hindfoot, Sports Introduction/Purpose: Posterior ankle/hindfoot arthroscopy (PAHA) is an established surgical option for treating pathologies, of posterior ankle and subtalar joints, which otherwise would require open incisions. Arthroscopic procedures are less invasive, provide magnified visualization and allow earlier rehabilitation and return to activity. Many studies have reported outcomes after PAHA, however only two studies have reported complications in larger cohorts. Although posterior ankle impingement (PAI) is a common indication for PAHA, it is a non-specific diagnosis. The aims of our study are 1) to report the complications after posterior ankle arthroscopy. 2) Delineate the structures involved in PAI into zones based on arthroscopic findings including bone impingement from the talus or tibia, soft tissue impingement from the PITFL, PTFL, inter-malleolar ligament, posterior deep deltoid ligament and synovitis. Methods: We reviewed the chart for demographic details, diagnosis, arthroscopic findings, and complications in a consecutive series of 250 PAHA in 237 patients (94 males,143 females, mean age 34.3 years) who had surgery between 2008 and 2016 and excluded those who had Haglund excision. The indications were PAI (95 ankles), subtalar arthritis/coalition/nonunion(21/12/5), flexor hallucis longus (FHL) stenosis/tenosynovitis/contracture(22/9/5), osteochondral lesions(14), and others(14)(Table 1A). There were 67 ankles with PAI and at least one other coexisting condition. For patients with PAI, we catalogued the specific anatomic etiologies of impingement. To investigate a priori factors predictive of neurological complication after PAHA, unadjusted and multivariable regression techniques were utilized. Sparse events sensitivity analysis was tested by fitting models with Firth log-likelihood approach; penalizing estimates for first-order bias correction and stability of regression coefficients. To control for clustering of outcomes across surgeons (n=3), estimates were assessed by fitting the primary log-binomial model with generalized estimating equation. Results: Complications: sensory nerves (10) (5 tibial/branches, 5 sural), portals (4) (painful/nodular (1), draining>1week (3)). Achilles pain (1) DVT (1). Nerve symptoms after 6 months (3) had; transection of the sural nerve (1), sural neurolysis (1) or tarsal tunnel release (1). (Table 1B) In unadjusted analysis, advancing age (OR: 1.04; p=0.029) and accessory portal (OR: 15.64; p<0.001) were associated with neurological complication. In multivariable regression models controlled for confounders, accessory posterolateral portal usage (OR:12.37; 95% CI: 3.11-49.27; p<0.001) was the most significant driver for neurological complication after PAHA. No significant correlation exists between neurological complications and surgical duration, surgeon, tourniquet time, BMI, FHL release. There were 162 ankles treated for PAI +/- associated conditions. PAI etiologies were grouped into: posterior, posteromedial, posterolateral, subtalar, and combined zones. Conclusion: This study supports the safety of posterior ankle/hindfoot arthroscopy for the treatment of numerous pathologies with an overall complication rate of 6.4% (16/250). There were no infections, motor nerve or vascular injuries. Complications included sensory nerve symptoms in 10 patients (4%), of which three (1.2%) did not improve and required further treatment. One patient developed DVT which required further treatment. The common pathologies of impingement were able to be grouped into zones that can correlate with physical examination (Table 1C). The ability to visualize the structures with the arthroscope provides greater magnification, detail and precision in the treatment.
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Shi, Enxian, Gang Chen, Bengang Qin, Yi Yang, Jintao Fang, Liang Li, Yuanyuan Wang, Menghai Zhu, Jiantao Yang, and Liqiang Gu. "A novel rat model of tibial fracture for trauma researches: a combination of different types of fractures and soft tissue injuries." Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research 14, no. 1 (October 24, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13018-019-1386-4.
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Abstract Background The outcomes for open tibial fractures with severe soft tissue injury are still a great challenge for all the trauma surgeons in the treatment. However, most of the existing open tibial fracture models can only provide minimal soft tissue injury which cannot meet the requirement of severe trauma research. Our goal is to investigate a novel tibial fracture model providing different fractures combined with soft tissue injury for better application in trauma research. Methods A total of 144 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups. With group 1 as control, the other groups sustained different right tibial fractures by the apparatus with buffer disc settings either 3 mm, 10 mm, or 15 mm. X-ray and computed tomography angiography (CTA) were performed at 6 h to evaluate the fracture patterns and vascular injuries. Peripheral blood and tibialis anterior muscle were harvested at 6 h, 1 day, 3 days, 7 days, 14 days, and 28 days for ELISA and histological analysis. Results X-ray and μCT results indicated that different fractures combined with soft tissue injuries could be successfully provided in this model. According to OTA and Gustilo classification, the fractures and soft tissue injuries were evaluated and defined: 36 type I in group 2, 34 type II in group 3, and 36 type III in group 4. The CTA confirmed no arterial injuries in groups 1 and 2, 2 arterial injuries in group 3, and 35 in group 4. ELISA indicated that the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β were significantly higher in group 4 than in other groups, and the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines TGF-β and IL-10 were significantly higher in surgery groups than in group 1 in later stage or throughout the entire process. HE, Masson, and caspase-3 stains confirmed the most severe inflammatory cell infiltration and apoptosis in group 4 which lasted longer than that in groups 2 and 3. Conclusions The novel apparatus was valuable in performing different fractures combined with soft tissue injuries in a rat tibial fracture model with high reproducibility and providing a new selection for trauma research in the future.
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Mills, Matthew J., and Nesrin Sarigul-Klijn. "Validation of an In Vivo Medical Image-Based Young Human Lumbar Spine Finite Element Model." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 141, no. 3 (January 18, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4042183.
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Mathematical models of the human spine can be used to investigate spinal biomechanics without the difficulties, limitations, and ethical concerns associated with physical experimentation. Validation of such models is necessary to ensure that the modeled system behavior accurately represents the physics of the actual system. The goal of this work was to validate a medical image-based nonlinear lumbosacral spine finite element model of a healthy 20-yr-old female subject under physiological moments. Range of motion (ROM), facet joint forces (FJF), and intradiscal pressure (IDP) were compared with experimental values and validated finite element models from the literature. The finite element model presented in this work was in good agreement with published experimental studies and finite element models under pure moments. For applied moments of 7.5 N·m, the ROM in flexion–extension, axial rotation, and lateral bending were 39 deg, 16 deg, and 28 deg, respectively. Excellent agreement was observed between the finite element model and experimental data for IDP under pure compressive loading. The predicted FJFs were lower than those of the experimental results and validated finite element models for extension and torsion, likely due to the nondegenerate properties chosen for the intervertebral disks and morphology of the young female spine. This work is the first to validate a computational lumbar spine model of a young female subject. This model will serve as a valuable tool for predicting orthopedic spinal injuries, studying the effect of intervertebral disk replacements using advanced biomaterials, and investigating soft tissue degeneration.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Soft tissue injuries – Surgery – Mathematical models"
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Ma, Jiajie. "Accuracy and reliability of non-linear finite element analysis for surgical simulation." University of Western Australia. School of Mechanical Engineering, 2006. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2010.0089.
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In this dissertation, the accuracy and reliability of non-linear finite element computations in application to surgical simulation is evaluated. The evaluation is performed through comparison between the experiment and finite element analysis of indentation of soft tissue phantom and human brain phantom. The evaluation is done in terms of the forces acting on the cylindrical Aluminium indenter and deformation of the phantoms due to these forces. The deformation of the phantoms is measured by tracking 3D motions of X-ray opaque markers implanted in the direct neighbourhood under the indenter using a custom-made biplane X-ray image intensifiers (XRII) system. The phantoms are made of Sylgard® 527 gel to simulate the hyperelastic constitutive behaviour of the brain tissue. The phantoms are prepared layer by layer to facilitate the implantation of the X-ray opaque markers. The modelling of soft tissue phantom indentation and human brain phantom indentation is performed using the ABAQUSTM/Standard finite element solver. Realistic geometry model of the human brain phantom obtained from Magnetic Resonance images is used. Specific constitutive properties of the phantom layers determined through uniaxial compression tests are used in the model. The models accurately predict the indentation force-displacement relations and marker displacements in both soft tissue phantom indentation and human brain phantom indentation. Good agreement between the experimental and modelling results verifies the reliability and accuracy of the finite element analysis techniques used in this study and confirms the predictive power of these techniques in application to surgical simulation.
Books on the topic "Soft tissue injuries – Surgery – Mathematical models"
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Nicholas, Ayache, and Delingette Hervé, eds. Surgery simulation and soft tissue modeling. Berlin: Springer, 2003.
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(Editor), Nicholas Ayache, and Hervé Delingette (Editor), eds. Surgery Simulation and Soft Tissue Modeling: International Symposium, IS4TM 2003. Juan-Les-Pins, France, June 12-13, 2003, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science). Springer, 2003.
Find full textConference papers on the topic "Soft tissue injuries – Surgery – Mathematical models"
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Willberg, Christian, Harald Berger, and Ulrich Gabbert. "Real-Time FEM of Soft Tissues for Virtual Surgery." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-203652.
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Endoscopic techniques require small perforation holes only as entries for optical and surgical instruments; such enabling the treatment of injuries with a minimized damage of the surrounding health tissue. But the surgeon has to operate in a 3D domain by looking at a distorted 2D image at the screen. It is well known, that a good surgeon needs a continuous training to perform such operations reliable in a top quality. To overcome the high costs and tight ethical restrictions of animal based education and training has result in an increasing development and application of virtual surgery simulators [1]. One of the main issues of surgery simulators is to ensure simultaneously the real time performance of the device, the high-level image representation and an acceptable force-feedback behavior. The basics of such simulators are mathematical models of the involved soft tissues, which have to perform in a realistic physical manner, with dynamic nonlinear large deformations, including the interaction of the different constituents (instrument/organ, organ/organ, organ by itself, cutting, bleeding etc). In the paper the focus is on realistic organ models and the realization of a fast contact search and reaction algorithm.
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Laksari, Kaveh, Mehdi Shafieian, Kurosh Darvish, and Keyanoush Sadeghipour. "Shock Wave Propagation as a Mechanism of Injury in Nonlinear Viscoelastic Soft Tissues." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-64717.
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This study investigates the propagation of shock waves and self-preserving waves in soft tissues such as brain as a mechanism of injury in high rate loading conditions as seen in blast-induced neurotrauma (BINT). The derived mathematical models indicate that whereas linear viscoelastic models predict only decaying waves, instances of such phenomena as shock can be achieved in nonlinear media. In this study, a nonlinear viscoelastic material model for brain tissue was developed in compression. Furthermore, nonlinear viscoelastic wave propagation in brain tissue was studied and a criterion for the development of shock waves was formulated. It was shown that discontinuities in the acceleration that happen in blast loading conditions may evolve to shock waves, resulting in large discontinuities in strain and stress at the wave front leading to tissue injuries.
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Izmailov, Sergey, Julia Perevezentseva, Andrey Rotkov, Vladimir Beschastnov, Evgeniy Popov, and Egor Lukoyanychev. "Mathematical Justification of the Wound suturing by Wound Contractors of new Generation." In International Conference "Computing for Physics and Technology - CPT2020". Bryansk State Technical University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30987/conferencearticle_5fce2772128d09.10616351.
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Frequent cases of man-made disasters, terrorist attacks and military conflicts lead to an increase in the number of victims. Significant soft tissue defects are known to result from gunshot wounds. So, as a result of mine-blasting injuries, defects in the skin and underlying tissues more than 10 cm in diameter are formed in 71.1% of cases. The prerequisite for the uncomplicated course of the wound process is to achieve an adequate comparison of the edges of the wound without excessive tension. To close such extensive wounds, various technical means are used: sutures on pads, various types of dermatotension. We have developed various models of wound contractors (RC) for treatment of wounds. With the help of the RC, a complete reposition and good adaptation of the edges of the wound is created. The wound closure method using these RC almost completely eliminates tissue cutting and limits the sawing effect to a minimum. This is explained by the effects of elastic forces reducing to zero when matching soft tissues and suturing. The use of hardware methods for suturing wounds requires the development of mathematical models of various types of wounds and surgical sutures. These models should provide a simulation of living tissues of the wound edges behavior to achieve the best results in the treatment of wounds by RC advanced technologies. The purpose of this study is to mathematically justify RC with the parallel holding of spokes. Another purpose is to develop a mathematical model of the wounds suturing by hardware technology.