To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Softback.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Softback'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Softback.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Corbett, Gary D. "Softball strategic initiatives." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0015/MQ54876.pdf.
Full text
2
Teichler, Liza S. Row Brandi. "The relationship between bat velocity, upper and lower extremity power and the rotational kinetic chain in NCAA Division II softball players /." Online version, 2010. http://content.wwu.edu/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/theses&CISOPTR=362&CISOBOX=1&REC=18.
Full text
3
Bounds, Emilee M. "Effects of a functional fatigue protocol on maximal softball hitting /." Read thesis online, 2010. http://library.uco.edu/UCOthesis/BoundsEM2010.pdf.
Full text
4
Lee, Danny V. "Dynamic Characterization of Aluminum Softball Bats." PDXScholar, 2001. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1727.
Full textAbstract:
On January 1, 2000, the Amateur Softball Association of America (ASA) imposed maximum bat performance limitations on commercial softball bats. The ASA adopted a testing standard defined by the American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM) to determine the bat performance factor (BPF), a normalized coefficient of restitution that must be less than 1.2 for the bat to be eligible for ASA sanctioned events.
The ASTM standard requires that the softball strike the bat, which is free to rotate in the horizontal plane, at 26.8 mfs ± 0.3 mfs (88 ftfs ± 1 ftfs) with little or no spin. The central project goal was to develop the ASTM test apparatus, which consisted of a precision ball launcher, a pivoting stage for the bat, and instrumentation for velocity measurements. The key feature of the testing apparatus developed in this project was the ability to measure the rebound velocity of the ball directly-ASTM method derives the ball rebound velocity by assuming the bat behaves as a rigid body and applying conservation of angular momentum.
Tests revealed a discrepancy in the BPF between the ASTM method and an alternative method,. termed the direct method, which uses the direct measurement of the ball rebound velocity. Furthermore, the ASTM method proved to be very sensitive to parameter errors, demonstrated by magnification factors between 2.0 and 3.0. The direct method was insensitive to parameter variation with magnification factors between o and 1.0.
The ball rebound velocity discrepancy was also analyzed with mechanism simulation software. A three-degree-of-freedom model of the bat was used to test the effects of elasticity and pivot friction. The analysis determined that applying conservation of angular momentum on an elastic body caused transient errors in the derivation of the ball rebound velocity; and pivot friction significantly affected the motion of the bat and thus, the derived ball rebound velocity.
The experimental results show that the direct method was more accurate than the ASTM method in calculating the BPF; and the conclusion of the analytical model shows that the ASTM method can be corrected by precisely identifying external moments in the system.
5
Hill, Jennifer L. "Female collegiate windmill pitchers : references to injury incidence." Virtual Press, 2003. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1260621.
Full textAbstract:
There is little research specifically examining fast-pitch softball pitchers. However of the few studies completed, pitchers have been reported to exhibit a high incidence of injury. How and why these pitchers are suffering from injuries has not been elucidated.The purpose of this study was to investigate the injuries occurring to collegiate softball pitchers and factors that may influence these injuries such as demographic, pitching, training, and injury information.A cross-sectional survey of collegiate softball pitchers from Divisions I, II, and III was conducted using InQsit, a web-based survey system. Instructions on how to complete a web-based survey was sent and completed over a two-week period, by 181 Division I, II, and III collegiate softball pitchers. The survey was composed of questions addressing: 1) demographic information, 2) pitching and game data, 3) training program information, and 4) injury reporting.The results showed that demographic information, pitching and game data, and training were not statistically significant (p<0.05) in relation to injury. Among the 131 reported injuries, 36 were acute, 92 chronic, and 3 unspecified. Of the 92 chronic/overuse injuries, 10 were Grade I, 30 Grade II, 39 Grade III, and 13 Grade IV. Of the total injuries, 80 were a direct result from pitching, with 36 relating to the shoulder and 17 to the lower back. Among the injured pitchers, 109 took Non-Steroidal AntiInflammatory Drugs, 140 used modalities, 11 received surgeries, and 95 saw additional specialists. This study revealed that a high percentage (72.8%) of collegiate pitchers are suffering injuries across the nation and more research focused on this area is needed. In addition, coaches need to continue to be informed of ways they can improve the health and training programs of their pitchers.School of Physical Education
6
Wentzel, Melissa. "The relationship between fitness, morphological characteristics, skills and performance in men's fast pitch softball." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5127.
Full textAbstract:
Magister Legum - LLMAn understanding of the structure, function and performance relationships in different sports, including softball, allows for improved coaching approaches, development of sport specific fitness and skills training programmes, team selections and talent identification in young players. Despite the fact that fast pitch softball is an established sport with a long history, it has received little scientific attention. It does for example, not have a specific battery of softball specific fitness tests and relies on the tests and norms of baseball. The specific morphological and fitness demands of the sport are therefore not fully understood. The purpose of this study was to establish whether morphological and fitness characteristics are related to skill and performance measures in men's fast pitch softball players and to determine what the strengths of any such relationships are. The sample was purposively selected and consisted of 15 Provincial and 15 club male fast pitch softball players. All participants were members of the provincial Softball Federation. Anthropometric, fitness and skills test and measurements were conducted at the training sites over a number of weeks because it coincided with team training. Anthropometric measurements included height, weight, skinfolds, and were done in accordance with ISAK specifications. Derived anthropometric variables included BMI and body fat percentage. The following physical fitness tests were conducted: vertical jump test, standing broad jump and the Illinois agility run while the skills tests conducted were the softball throw for distance, the two base sprint test, the batting tests and the fielding test. Match statistics were easier to obtain since records were available in printed form from the Provincial softball federation for the Provincial players and from the club for its members. The data obtained were analysed and interpreted both collectively as a group of thirty and then separately as provincial and club teams for the purpose of comparison. Since the data were not normally distributed, the Spearman's rank Correlation was used to test for associations between variables. Comparisons of the squads were done using the nonparametric Wilcoxon Rank Sum test. The results of the study identified a number of strong significant relationships between the different variables tested. Height and percent body fat, amongst others were found to be the two anthropometric variables which significantly interacted with two key performance areas of fast pitch softball i.e. batting and fielding. Percent body fat also negatively correlated with the vertical jump test which highlights the general negative impact of excess fat on performance. The relationships established in this research strongly suggest that coaches include fitness, morphological and skills tests in their coaching and fitness programmes and they should further be used in team selections processes as they are strong indicators for success and will make the selection process more objective.
7
Cruz, Curtis Matthew. "Characterizing softball bat modifications and their resulting performance effects." Online access for everyone, 2005. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Spring2005/c%5Fcruz%5F050505.pdf.
Full text
8
Hornstrom, Grete R. "Nutrition knowledge, practice, attitudes, and information sources of Mid-American Conference college softball players." Virtual Press, 2007. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1371845.
Full text
9
Duris, Joseph Gerald. "Experimental and numerical characterization of softballs." Online access for everyone, 2004. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Fall2004/J%5FDuris%5F121504.pdf.
Full text
10
Beeger, Jennifer. "Fantasy rehearsal and motor performance of softball players." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ60367.pdf.
Full text
11
Jensen, Tori (Victoria M. ). "An experimental comparison of hitting mechanics in softball." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/107866.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis: S.B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2016.Page 37 blank. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (page 36).
To score points to win games, a softball team must be able to hit the ball with as the largest velocity as possible. In softball, there are two well-known hitting models, rotational and linear, yet little quantitative research has been done to determine which model produces the greatest ball velocity and if certain key inputs, such as weight shift and bat velocity, of the models contribute to that velocity. To determine these components, a high-speed EXLIM camera recorded the change in ball position to calculate the its exit velocity, a 70g accelerometer measured centripetal acceleration of the bat to determine bat velocity, while two force plates measured the transfer of weight as nine softball players swung a bat twenty times- ten times with a ball on the tee and ten times with a ball off of the tee. Although it was found that the two hitting models had statistically different weight shifts with 95% confidence, the average ball velocity for a linear model, 22.0 m/s ±1.9 m/s, was not different from the average ball velocity for a rotational model, 22.0 m/s ± 0.7 m/s, at 95% confidence. Since these values are not different with statistical significance, this research concludes that players that weight shift does not effect ball velocity and that players are encouraged to use whichever model feels most comfortable to them.
by Tori Jensen.
S.B.
12
Yockey, Peggy Ann. "Softball officials : differences in self-esteem based on gender and rating status." Scholarly Commons, 1988. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2149.
Full textAbstract:
Officiating sport contests requires much personal control and poise, self-confidence, and a thorough knowledge of the rules and mechanics. Accepted as a part of sport, through exhibitions of improper player, coach, and spectator behavior, is criticism of officials. The impact of such criticism on the self-esteem of the official appears to be a key question and prompted this research. The study problem was to determine the gender and rating difference in self-esteem, if any, of Amateur Softball Association (A.S.A.) officials of the Greater San Joaquin Valley (GSJV) Metro. Specifically, the study compared the self-esteem level of: (1) softball officials and the normative population; (2) female and male softball officials; and (3) rated and unrated softball officials.
One hundred softball officials were used as subjects for this study. The officials completed the Culture-Free Self~Esteem Inventory (CFSEI) and a Biographical Data Questionnaire. The inventories were hand scored and the t-ratio technique was used to compare the mean scores of the officials and the normative population, while the APP-STAT program analysis of variance was·used for the female/male and rated/unrated comparisons. All null hypotheses were tested at the .05 level of significance.
It was determined that (1) Softball officials had a significantly higher level of self-esteem than the normative population. (2) No significant difference of total self-esteem between females and males was discovered. However~ the females had significantly lower personal self-esteem than the men. {3) Rating status was not a significant factor in the self-esteem level of softball officials.
It was concluded that {1) The self-esteem level of A.S.A. officials, of the GSJV Metro, greatly exceeds that of the normative population. {2) Gender and rating status are not significant factors in differentiating self-esteem levels.
13
Wheeler, Amanda A. "Handgrip strenth [sic] variations in baseball and softball over a six-week period of no strength training." Huntington, WV : [Marshall University Libraries], 2006. http://www.marshall.edu/etd/descript.asp?ref=699.
Full textAbstract:
Theses (M.S.)--Marshall University, 2006.Title from document title page. Includes abstract. Document formatted into pages: contains viii, 37 pages. Includes curriculum vitae. Bibliography: p. 16-18.
14
Lewis, Cory. "Under the Influence: Adolescent Girls' Compliance in Competitive Softball." [Johnson City, Tenn. : East Tennessee State University], 2004. http://etd-submit.etsu.edu/etd/theses/available/etd-1219103-161923/unrestricted/LewisC021204f.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.A.)--East Tennessee State University, 2004.Title from electronic submission form. ETSU ETD database URN: etd-1219103-161923. Includes bibliographical references. Also available via Internet at the UMI web site.
15
Morris, Tyler Pierce. "Evaluating the Head Injury Risk Associated with Baseball and Softball." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/95889.
Full textAbstract:
More than 19 million children participate in youth baseball and softball annually. Although baseball and softball are not commonly depicted as contact sports in the, according to the U.S. CPSC baseball and softball were responsible for 11.6% of all head injuries treated in emergency rooms in 2009; third most behind only cycling and football. Ball impact has been identified as the leading cause of injury in baseball and softball, with the most frequent injury resulting from a ball impacting the head. Reduced injury factor balls, infield softball masks, batter's helmets, and catcher's masks have all been integrated into baseball and softball as a means for preventing serious head injury from ball impact.
The research in this thesis had four objectives: to compare the responses of the Hybrid III and NOCSAE headforms during high velocity projectile impacts, to compare head injury risk across a range of baseball stiffness designed for different age groups, to evaluate the effectiveness of infielder softball masks' ability to attenuate facial fracture risk, and to describe a novel methodology to evaluate the performance of batter's helmets and catcher's masks. Results of these research objectives determined the most suitable ATD headform to evaluate head injury risk for high velocity projectile impacts, provided a framework for determining the optimal age-specific ball stiffness and optimal infield mask design, and disseminated STAR ratings for batter's helmets and catcher's masks to the public. The research presented in this thesis can be used to further improve safety in baseball and softball.MS
16
Strickland, John Scott. "Experimental Analysis of Protective Headgear Used in Defensive Softball Play." UNF Digital Commons, 2019. https://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/880.
Full textAbstract:
Every year in the United States, an estimated 1.6 to 3.8 million people sustain sports-related traumatic brain injuries (TBIs), with an appreciable number of these injuries coming from the sport of softball. Several studies have analyzed the impact performance of catcher’s masks within the context of baseball; however, virtually no studies have been performed on fielder’s masks within the context of softball. Thus, the main objective of the present work was to evaluate the protective capabilities of softball fielder’s masks. To better understand the injury mechanisms and frequency associated with softball head/facial injuries, epidemiological data from a national database was reviewed first. Results displayed “struck-by-ball” as the most frequent injury mechanism (74.3%) for all head/facial injuries with a large majority occurring to defensive players (83.7%). With further motivation, the present work focused on testing the impact attenuation and facial protection capabilities of fielder’s masks from softball impacts. Testing with an instrumented Hybrid III headform was conducted at two speeds and four impact locations for several protective conditions: six fielder’s masks, one catcher’s mask, and unprotected (no mask). The results showed that most fielder’s masks reduced head accelerations, but not to the standard of catcher’s masks. On average, they reduced peak linear and angular acceleration from 40-mph impacts by 36-49% and 14-45%, respectively, while for 60-mph impacts they were reduced by 25-42% and 13-46%, respectively. Plastic-frame fielder’s masks were observed to allow facial contact when struck at the nose region at high speed. Observed differences in impact attenuation across fielder’s mask designs further suggested influence from specific design features such as foam padding and frame properties. Overall, the results clearly demonstrate that head/facial injuries may be mitigated through the broader use of masks, while further optimization of impact attenuation for fielder’s masks is pursued.
17
Garner, John C. Weimar Wendi Hannah. "Kinematic and kinetic comparison of overhand and underhand pitching implications to proximal-to-distal sequencing /." Auburn, Ala, 2007. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/EtdRoot/2007/FALL/Health_and_Human_Performance/Dissertation/GARNER_JOHN_57.pdf.
Full text
18
Denman, Sheila D. "Slow and rapid isotonic weight training : effects on batting related response time." Virtual Press, 1986. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/447844.
Full textAbstract:
Batting is known to be one of the most complex motions in sports. Successful hitting may be influenced by many factors, one of which is response time (RT). Response time is known to be altered by various training techniques such as isokinetic and isometric weight training. Eighteen, right-handed female college softball players were measured for RT with three methods, experimental in design, using an Automatic Performance Analyzer.In addition, hitting performance was determined through film analysis of bat velocity while swinging at a ball delivered from a pitching machine. A Locam camera was used for the cinematography techniques.From this initial testing, three equivalent groups were formed. One group served as a control, while the other two groups performed two contrasting seven week isotonic training programs: 1) a rapid dynamic (RD) group performed many, quick light weight activities; while, 2) the slow exercises. The rapid dynamic group had their exercises triggered by an auditory stimulus. Following the seven week training program, RT and batting performance were again determined. Pre- and post-training response times were analyzed using an analysis of variance and covariance with p=0.05.The results of the RT post-test analysis indicated that response times were not significantly decreased for any of the tests. Film analysis was inadequate to make any conclusive judgments on bat velocity.The following conclusion is warranted from the results: isotonic weight training did not significantly decrease response time for either the slow dynamic or rapid dynamic group.
19
Summers, Louisa. "The contribution of body segments to ball velocity in the overarm throw of skilled male and female athletes." Scholarly Commons, 1995. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2291.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study was to determine the better predictors of ball velocity and identify differences in the overarm throw of male and female athletes. A three dimensional videographic analysis was performed to analyze the angular and linear velocities of various body segments, the time between maximum velocity of the body segment and ball release, stride length, height of release, and angle of trajectory. Eight male baseball players and six female softball players volunteered to be videotaped. A one way ANOV A with ball velocity as the dependent variable revealed a significant difference between genders (f (1, 11) = 5.3, ll < .0413). A forward stepwise multiple regression analysis allowed selection from all of the angular velocity variables and the kinematic variables regressed on the dependent variable of ball velocity. This identified the main contributors to ball velocity. For the male athletes three variables were selected into the multiple regression equation, (a) the angular velocity of the forearm at ball release, (b) the time between maximum angular velocity of the pelvis and ball release,and (c) the angular velocity of the pelvis at ball release. For the female athletes the multiple regression equation yielded one variable, the angular velocity of the forearm at ball release to predict ball velocity. Gender differences existed in the sequential timing of the pelvis, trunk, and upper extremity. The female athletes reached maximum pelvic velocity earlier with peak trunk velocity occurring later than the males. The sequential timing differences may have played a role in the explanation of why the female throwers lacked transfer of momentum from the lower extremity to the upper. The results of an unpaired two-tailed t-test on the two best throwers in each group revealed differences in ball velocity, maximum linear velocity of the hip, and maximum linear velocity of the trunk.
20
Biesen, Eric David. "Prediction of plastic deformation in aluminum softball bats using finite element analysis." Online access for everyone, 2006. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Summer2006/e%5Fbiesen%5F072606.pdf.
Full text
21
Goetz, Devon K. "Effect of ball impact location and temperature on softball bat handle vibration." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/127923.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis: S.B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, May, 2020Cataloged from the official PDF of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (page 34).
The bat-ball collision is a crucial part of softball, and minimizing excessive vibrations in the bat after impact makes batting more comfortable for the hitter and optimizes the transfer of momentum between the bat and ball. To better understand this collision, the magnitude of bat handle vibrations as a function of ball impact location was measured across three bat brands and at three different temperatures. The bat barrel was struck with an impact hammer and an accelerometer placed near the handle of the bat collected the output data. Following an experiment conducted at room temperature, the bats were placed in extreme heat and cold and the same experiment was performed. The bats resonate in two main frequency ranges associated with the first bending mode and a hoop mode. The bending mode frequency was consistent across all impact locations, but did vary slightly between bat types. The hoop mode frequency varied depending on location. Hitting a ball with the bat's sweet spot, where a node of the bending mode is located, minimizes the magnitude of vibrations at the handle, primarily by eliminating the first bending mode. In general, cold temperatures tend to inhibit the bat's ability to minimize vibrational output, leading to more energy being transferred to the batter's hands.
by Devon K. Goetz.
S.B.
S.B. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering
22
Miller, Laura. "Biomechanical comparison of different types of pitches in high school softball pitchers." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 115 p, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1619620651&sid=4&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full text
23
Cardwell, Kathryn. "The assessment of movement demands and neuromuscular fatigue in female softball players." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2022. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2501.
Full textAbstract:
Softball has experienced an increase in worldwide popularity over the last 15 years, and it is expected to rise following the reinstatement of softball as an Olympic sport in 2021. Previous softball research has primarily focused on the biomechanical characteristics of its athletes. However, there is a current lack of research concerning the movement demands occurring in gameplay and the development of neuromuscular fatigue in softball players during sportspecific movements, training sessions, or in competition play. Prior research has demonstrated that a majority of power generated during a bat swing or overhand throw comes from the lower body, with the hip musculature playing an essential role in stabilisation and kinetic energy transmission. Understanding the development of neuromuscular fatigue, particularly in the hip musculature of softball athletes, will allow coaches and sport scientists to optimise training sessions, athlete monitoring techniques, and recovery methods. Accordingly, the overall aims of this thesis were to 1) describe the movement demands of female softball players during defensive and offensive gameplay, with a focus on the frequency and duration of movements occurring and differences between positional groups; 2) determine the reliability of the ForceFrame Hip Strength Testing System in assessing hip and shoulder strength of female softball players unaccustomed to isolated joint isometric measures; 3) assess changes in isometric hip strength in female softball players caused by a repeated batting protocol; and 4) compare changes in isometric strength of female softball players in training and game settings. The outcomes of this thesis will help to establish a description of the movement demands of softball games, which may optimise future softball training and recovery methods. Additionally, data gathered in this thesis will provide a solid foundation for conceptualising neuromuscular fatigue in softball players. These results will thus allow for a greater understanding of athlete preparation.
Study one determined that softball is primarily composed of low intensity activities, like standing or walking, with intermittent periods of high intensity activity (e.g. sprinting, bat swings, high intensity throws). The cumulative effect of these high intensity activities across game durations of two hours or greater, compact tournament schedules and environmental factors may amplify neuromuscular fatigue. Study two concluded that the ForceFrame was a reliable tool in assessing hip and shoulder isometric strength in female diamond-sport athletes, potentially providing sport scientists with a suitable alternative to handheld dynamometers in field-based isometric testing. Study three documented changes in electromyographic amplitude and median frequency, isometric hip strength, and batted ball velocity of female softball players during a repeated batting protocol. Results indicate repeated batting can lead to neuromuscular fatigue and underscores the importance of routine monitoring of softball players in settings with limited recovery. Results of study four demonstrated significant levels of fatigue following softball training and gameplay, as well as evidence of cumulative fatigue in softball players following several games during a multi-day tournament. The results of this study provide the groundwork for determining an appropriate balance between competition-level training and adequate recovery.
24
Nimphius, Sophia. "Performance characteristics of elite softball players: Changes and determinants of performance related to the lower body." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2009. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2091.
Full textAbstract:
Study 1: Relationship between ground reaction force and ball velocity during windmill softball pitching The purpose of this research was to (1) determine the reliability of measuring ground reaction force (GRF) in multiple pitching trials and (2) investigate the relationship between ground reaction forces and pitch velocity in elite fastpitch softball pitchers. Seven female softball pitchers (19.6 ± 3.9 years; 167.4 ± 7.2 cm; 77.3 ± 7.6 kg) from the state, national and international level pitched six fastballs for maximal velocity and the fastest three pitches were used for analysis. Vertical peak forces (Fz1, Fz2), anterior-posterior peak forces (FAP1, FAP2), resultant peak forces (FR1, FR2) and maximal pitch velocity (PV) were measured using a force plate (Type 9287BA, Kistler) and a JUGS radar gun. Intraclass correlation (ICC) and coefficient of variance (CV) was determined for all variables and the relationship between PV and GRF was evaluated by Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient. Statistical significance was set at α level of p < 0.05. The ICC for all GRF variables (0.922-0.985) and PV (0.914) were high. CV for GRF variables ranged from 2.2% to 4.9% and 2.4% for PV. Fz2 and PV were significantly correlated (r = 0.89; p < 0.01). Fz2 relative to bodyweight (Fz2/BW) was also significantly correlated to PV (r = .801, p < 0.05). No other GRF measures were significantly correlated to PV. A high ICC and low CV across the variables support the reliability of GRF and PV over multiple trials. The strong correlation between Fz2 and PV provides evidence that a transfer of force to the lower body has a large contribution to windmill pitching performance. This supports prescription of lower body strength exercises to improve the ability of pitchers to effectively transmit forces through the lower body for improved PV.
Study 2: Relationship between strength, power, speed and change of direction performance of female softball players The purpose of this study was to investigate (1) the cross-sectional relationship of strength, power, and performance variables in trained female athletes and (2) determine if the relationship between these variables changes over the course of a season. Ten female softball players (age = 18.1 ± 1.6 years, height = 166.5 ± 8.9 cm, weight = 72.4 ± 10.8 kg) from a state Australian Institute of Sport softball team were tested for maximal lower body strength (1RM), peak force (PF), peak velocity (PV), and peak power (PP) during jump squats unloaded and loaded, unloaded countermovement vertical jump height (VJH) one base (1B) and two base (2B) sprint performance and change of direction performance on dominant (505 D) and non-dominant sides (505 ND). The testing sessions occurred pre, mid and post a 20 week pre/in-season training period. Relationship between body weight (BW), relative strength (1RM/BW), VJH, relative PP, relative PF, PV, speed and change of direction variables were assessed by Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient at each testing session. Significant relationships were found across all time points with BW, speed and change of direction measures (r = 0.70 to 0.93) and relative strength and measures of speed and change of direction ability (r = -0.73 to -0.85). There were no significant relationships between VJH and any measure of performance at any time point. In conclusion, body weight and relative strength have strong to very strong correlations with speed and change of direction ability and these correlations remain consistent over the course of the season. However, it seems as if many relationships vary with time and their relationships should therefore be investigated longitudinally to better determine if these cross-sectional relationships truly reflect a deterministic relationship.
Study 3: Changes in muscle architecture and performance during a competitive season in female softball players The purpose of this research was to (1) examine the performance changes that occur in elite female softball players during 20 weeks of concurrent softball training and (2) examine the relationship between percentage change in muscle architecture variables and percentage change in strength, speed and change of direction performance. Ten female softball players (age = 18.1 ± 1.6 years, height = 166.5 ± 8.9 cm, weight = 72.4 ± 10.8 kg) from a state Australian Institute of Sport softball team were tested for maximal lower body strength (1RM), peak force (PF), peak velocity (PV), and peak power (PP) during jump squats unloaded and loaded, one base (1B) and two base (2B) sprint performance, change of direction (505) on dominant (D) and non-dominant (ND) sides, aerobic capacity and vastus lateralis (VL) muscle architecture characteristics including muscle thickness (MT), fascicle length (FL) and pennation angle (θp). The testing sessions occurred pre, mid and post a 20 week pre/in-season training period. Changes over time were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA. Relationship between percentage (%) change in muscle architecture variables and strength, speed and change of direction variables from pre to post were assessed by PPM correlation coefficient. Significant improvements in PV and PP occurred at all JS loads pre-mid and pre-post. Significant increases occurred pre-post in absolute 1RM, relative 1RM, 505 ND and 2B sprint. The strongest relationships were found between % change in VL MT and 1B sprint (r = -0.800, p = 0.06), % change in VL FL and 2B sprint (r = -0.835, p = 0.02), and % change in relative 1RM and 505 D (r = -0.702, p = 0.04). In conclusion, gains in strength, power and performance can occur through the season in elite softball players and are correlated to changes in muscle architecture.
25
Walsh, Andrew. "The creation and validation of a youth fundamental hitting scale: The assessment of youth baseball and softball hitting fundamentals and the perceived psychological barriers to hitting a pitched ball." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2014. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1404.
Full textAbstract:
The primary purpose of the thesis was to create a hitting scale for youth players that assess the fundamentals of a baseball swing. Secondly, the purpose of this thesis was to determine the interactions between the changes in anxiety, perceived competence and fear variables have with actual hitting competence over a four week sport specific training program.
26
Myer, Rebecca Karin. "To Be Athletic and Feminine: An Ethnographic Study of a Collegiate Softball Team." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1436792073.
Full text
27
Plunkett, Castilla Brittany M. "Upper Body Posture and Pain in Division I Female Volleyball and Softball Athletes." PDXScholar, 2015. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2536.
Full textAbstract:
Participation in athletics is a popular pastime and form of entertainment. Children often begin to specialize in one sport at a young age in an effort to excel, which increases physical stress and the potential for injuries. Athletes participating in overhead sports are at increased risk of upper body chronic injuries, in part because the shoulder is an unstable hypermobile joint. Posture may also be affected in these athletes because of the demands placed on the upper body. The purpose of this study was to measure the upper body posture in a sample of Division I collegiate volleyball and softball athletes to investigate the prevalence of postural abnormalities and their relationship to pain or injury.
Twenty-one Division I collegiate female athletes (seven volleyball; fourteen softball) who participated in their sport during the fall 2014 to spring 2015 seasons were studied. Athletes completed a pain and injury questionnaire, after which individual upper body posture measurements were made. Measurements included resting bilateral scapula position, head position, and shoulder position. An iPad mini camera was used with a commercial application (PostureCo, Inc.) to perform a photographic plumb line posture assessment with photographs taken in anterior, posterior, and lateral views.
Posture analysis revealed a high prevalence (85.7 %) of forward head posture in this sample. Forward shoulder was noted in 42.9 % of the athletes and abnormal horizontal scapula position appeared to occur more frequently in the dominant arm (71.4 %) than in the non-dominant arm (47.6 %). Chi square tests determined that there was no statistically significant relationship between posture abnormalities and self-reported pain in this group of athletes. Results of this study -- although preliminary -- should be used to inform future research to investigate potential relationships between posture and pain/injury in overhead athletes.
28
Marcello, Brandon M. Kreider Richard B. "Overtraining in sport physiological, psychological and performance effects of participation in Division I competitive softball /." Waco, Tex. : Baylor University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2104/4959.
Full text
29
Green, Charles Michael. "The relationship between core stability and throwing velocity in collegiate baseball and softball players /." Link to PDF version, 2005. http://libweb.cup.edu/thesis/umi-cup-1008.pdf.
Full text
30
Kristman, Vicki Leigh. "Baseball and softball injury patterns in the Kingston region, a descriptive and etiologic analysis." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0005/MQ42645.pdf.
Full text
31
Sidorová, Veronika. "Komparácia efektivity zotavenia na zmenu rychlostných a silových indikátorov u softbalistiek." Master's thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-344030.
Full textAbstract:
Title of thesis: Comparison to efficiency of recovery due to the change of speed and strenght indicators of women softbal players Compiled by: Bc. Veronika Sidorová Supervisor: PaedDr. Tomáš Malý, Ph.D. Objectives: The aim is to compare the efficiency of recovery in two regeneration procedures to change the speed and power indicators in extra league softbal player wore a short-motor performance. Methodology of work: The object of the study was 14 extra league softball player wore for which we have found with two wellness services (sports massage, cold water) effect on their speed and power indicators before load after load after one of the above procedures Types of motor test applied to the surveyed sample: 1.Linear sprint to 10 meters of semi-tall launch Stress test applied to the surveyed sample: 1.Load model for isokinetic dynamometer to Humac Norm (power-muscle contraction) The results: The results of the motor and the load test, we found that the stress occurred in the analysis focused on the decrease of muscular strength, but on each regeneration procedures, a significant improvement in performance even if not on the original values. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
32
Nakamura, Chikako, and 中村千佳子. "SOFTBANK Business Model Analysis." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/p82dqw.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺中科技大學
應用日語系日本市場暨商務策略碩士班
100
This paper will clarify the business model targeting a successful company called Softbank. Softbank has attracted the attention of many people during the domestic recession because the company has made a remarkable growth (about 3 trillion yen), ranking among the top 10 with in the domestic market capitalization, as of June 2011. Once a mere venture company, it surpassed Panasonic and Sony, playing a lead role in 30 years. What is the strength of Softbank? Does the Softbank growth imply the transformation of a Japanese-style management? I would like to collect data and study the business model to indicate ways for management of Japanese and Taiwanese companies for the upcoming future.
34
Wen-Hung, Chung, and 鐘文宏. "An approach in using elements in softbank." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/15979502135960011460.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立海洋大學
電機工程學系
88
Due to rapid development of network technologies, to integrate and utilize the resources in the network become a trend. In modem markets, we can reduce the time to market, cost and improve the adaptability and stability of product by utilizes network resources. But how to provide integrating tool is an important issue. This thesis describes out approach to improve the reusability of software component. Base on the experience from the use of hardware integrate circuits, we take software component as a black box, by only considering it’s interface, we simply to matching the input/output mapping of software component. If matched, we integrate it to our target system. In this way, we can speed up component searching and system integration. The objective of this thesis is to improve the utilization of network resources and convenience of integration. In advance, realizes the goal of fast design and replace target system.
35
Bell, Rob. "Is a hit really a hit? a qualitative study of attributions of collegiate softball players during streaks and slumps /." 2003. http://www.oregonpdf.org.
Full text
36
Chin-Ling, Chang Chien, and 張簡金玲. "FASTPITCH SOFTBALL Windmill Pitching." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/57167808906224792542.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立體育學院
教練研究所
89
Fastpitch softball became a women''s Olympic sport in 1996. Underhand pitching presents power and acceleration characters same with baseball. But windmill style is different than baseball pitching. Pitcher is the key ingredient and make such much a significant contribution in fastpitch. The subjects of this research are the pitchers chosen from the final games of 1999 I.S.F.Ⅵ Junior Women''s World Championship. This report is intended to collect as much of information derived from the publications, books and experiences. The report contains the results of what author had been learning during 4 years of research and 29 years experiences of pitcher and pitching coach. The content of the report is composed of six parts. There are chapter one fastpitch development, chapter two fitness training, chapter three technique and mechanics, chapter four pitching tactics and strategies, chapter five pitching psychology, chapter six health management. It is a appropriate to expand on some physiological basics and exercise physiology protocols to maximize results for achieving peak pitching performance. The human mind and feelings can be trained with scientific theory and experience to support proper mechanics and physical conditioning. Applying pitching knowledge before training is the main purpose of this report. It will provide a comprehensive understanding of the aspects of pitching benefiting coaches and players on developing effective ways and reaching individual potential. Key words:Softball,Fastpitch,Pitching,Pitcher
37
Wu, Tong Ching Tom. "Slo-pitch placement hitting movement analysis." Phd thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10048/1200.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Alberta, 2010.Title from pdf file main screen (viewed on July 12, 2010). A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation. At head of title: University of Alberta. Fall, 2010. Includes bibliographical references.
38
LeMaire, Julie. "The effect of uniform color on athletes' readiness for competition and perceptions of opponents' attributes." 2007. http://www.oregonpdf.org.
Full text
39
Yu, Chia-Yen, and 余家彥. "Slow Pitch Softball and Cultural Identity----Mainland China Zhujiang Delta Taiwanese businessman’s softball league observation." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/25107436794438365162.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立體育大學
體育研究所
98
The study tries to discover the culture identity of the founder, the organizer and the members of the Taiwanese businessmen’s slow pitch softball league in Zhujiang Delta when they volunteer to work for the games and join it. In the concept, it uses the theory of culture identity to discuss the sport cultural meaning of Taiwanese businessmen’s joining slow pitch softball. In the method, it uses the way of observer participant to do the in-depth interview and let the interviewees describe, realize what they join in their free time to discover the relationship between the softball and their culture identity. It got the conclusion that for them, the operation of slow pitch soft ball league and keeping the games going not only constitute the culture identity but also the Taiwanese cultural zone and space and they talk about softball like baseball in Taiwan, so it enforces the separation of Chinese and Taiwanese.
40
Dykstra, Robert John Clarence. "Communitas and cohesion on a men's recreational slow pitch softball team in St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador /." 2004.
Find full text
41
Koppová, Sandra. "Softball na 1. stupni základní školy." Master's thesis, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-291662.
Full textAbstract:
The dissertation Softball at Junior Years of Primary School focuses on Softball classes as a part of Physical Education at primary schools. The practical part consists of the research and its results. The children's and teachers' knowledge of this sport was surveyed by questionnaires. Furthermore, it describes a Softball teaching method which was verified with the fifth grade pupils. The theoretical part includes the basic information about softball, its rules and required skills as well as necessary training exercises.
42
Clement, Tiffany A. "Competitive state anxiety and performance of Junior Olympic softball players." 2004. http://www.oregonpdf.org.
Full text
43
Hillyer, Sarah J. "Women's Softball in Iran: An Autoethnographic Journey." 2010. http://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/702.
Full text
44
Chao, Fang-ping, and 趙方平. "Kinematics Analysis of the Windmill Softball Pitching." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/84829353490781777586.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立體育大學
運動科學研究所
101
In the fast-pitching softball game, windmill pitchers produced different displacement and velocity from the preparation condition to pitch ball and release the ball. Pitchers used to increase body displacement for shortening the pitching distance and increasing the ball velocity. This study examined the ball velocity, stride length, center of mass horizontal velocity, and the kinematics of Upper extremity angular velocity of the windmill softball pitcher. Six high school female subjects were recruited to participate in this study. Pretest and post-test movements were recorded via Vicon T40 motion capture system (300 Hz) through 37 weeks core muscle, lower limbs, and movement correction training. Matlab R2008a and SPSS 18.0 were used to calculate the kinematics and statistics parameters. The outcomes indicated that: center of mass, stride length, horizontal velocity of forearm and hand increased significantly (p<.05). However, angular velocity of upper extremity did not increase significantly. Therefore, increasing center of mass horizontal velocity via training can produce greater ball velocity efficaciously.
45
CHIU, Chi-Tai, and 邱繼泰. "The Study of Softball Pitcher Ball ControlAbility." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/b9q8aw.
Full textAbstract:
碩士臺北市立大學
運動器材科技研究所
107
The Study of Softball Pitcher Ball ControlAbility Chiu,Chi-Tai Advisor: Ho,Wei-Hua Advisor:: Lin,Chi-Chuan Abstract In the early days, the strength of the softball team was usually better than the ability to defend and pitch, but the most important factor in the success rate of the game was the pitching ability of the pitcher. The pitching speed of the pitcher and the stability of the ball are often the key to a game. In the past, it was necessary to understand the situation of the pitcher and the use of the traditional defense rate and win. Thanks to the advancement of technology, we can use the live video images or pre-recorded images to pass the pitching ball to the ball-and-ball pitching accuracy analysis system as a softball pitcher to control the ball movement, replacing the traditional method of telling. Objective: To analyze the offset of softball pitcher pitching as a ball-handling ability analysis through video image. Method: Using the pre-recorded game of the Asian Championships in 2017, through the image editing record analysis, collecting and counting the average amount of pitching and balling of the pitchers of the three countries, and exploring the pitcher pitch by expert analysis. Ball stability. The overall objective assessment can show the ability of the pitcher to control the ball. Keywords: softball pitcher, video image analysis, recording implementation
46
Hsu, Mei-lan, and 許美蘭. "An Exploration into the model of Open Innovation-The case of Softbank." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/v5xm97.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中山大學
財務管理學系研究所
104
Summary Cipian study aimed by Japan Softbank (Soft Bank) through a variety of investment to expand their business territory to explore open innovation (Open Innovation). Although some previous literature has explored innovative strategies affect business performance of the business , but very few business point of view from a single organizational model of innovation . Most ram industry in recent years - the Internet , you let me re- imagine a different world , a large organizational change business model , not an international can be explained . This research report relating to discuss Japan Softbank (Soft Bank) to open innovation , early layout into the Internet era, the Internet-based economy towards a new industry patterns and innovative business models to build ecosystem , not to create a past new Chance discovery.
47
"Under The Influence: Adolescent Girls'Compliance In Competitive Softball." East Tennessee State University, 2004. http://etd-submit.etsu.edu/etd/theses/available/etd-1219103-161923/.
Full text
48
Ward, Kimberly Diane. "Mood states of female colligiate [sic] softball players." 2006. http://digital.library.okstate.edu/etd/umi-okstate-1814.pdf.
Full text
49
Tsai, Yu-Chun, and 蔡瑜君. "Women's softball pitcher had the ability to analyze." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/8auxce.
Full textAbstract:
碩士臺北市立大學
運動器材科技研究所碩士在職專班
104
Softball Team strength in the early fielding and pitching ability is usually superior strike capability, but the most important factor in game success rate is pitcher pitching ability. Pitching the ball speed and stability, often the key to winning a game in the past to understand the advantages and disadvantages of the pitcher's condition using traditional defense rate and wins. Today, thanks to scientific and technological progress, we can image live or pre-recorded video images using the pitch pitcher pitching ball kind, pitching accuracy of the system program through video image analysis, motion analysis as a softball pitcher had to replace the traditional method described . Objective: To analyze Softball Pitching offset by the video image screen as pitching control of the ball. Methods: The pre-recorded images of the game, through the interception image editing analysis positioning technology to find the strike zone and using the relationship of the spatial coordinates, to establish the displacement vector Pitching, Pitching and analysis of the stability of the ball through this vector. Result: The pitcher had offset data representing the range of the whole game ball most of the cast of the amount of deviation of 10-30 cm. Conclusion: The overall objective assessment of the ability to show the merits of pitching the ball. Keywords: Softball pitcher, video image analysis, system implementation
50
Tai, Wei-Che, and 戴偉哲. "Vibration Characteristics and Performance Evaluation of Softball Bats." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/08857057096550048072.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立屏東科技大學
機械工程系所
96
This work aims to establish the evaluation model of softball bat performance index base on vibration characteristics. First, finite element analysis (FEA) is adopted to study the vibration properties of softball bats and obtain theoretical modal parameters and frequency resoponse function (FRFs). Experimental modal analysis (EMA) is also carried out to determine the modal parameters of softball bats, including natural frequency, mode shapes and damping ratios. Both FEA and EMA results are combined to perform modal verification so as to validate the analytical model for its correctness. This work integrates CAD/CAE/CAT for virtual testing technique applied to design analysis of softball bats. The developed analytical proceduce can be useful for R&D of softball bats to reduce the time and cost. Finally, the evaluation model on the softball bat’s performance base on vibration characteristics is developed and can be used for design modification. Two work establishes the analysis and virtual testing technique applied to softball bats and will be beneficial to industry and OEM factories to promote their competitiveness and suit the needs in the innovation of new products.