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Journal articles on the topic 'Software contract negotiation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 June 2025

Last updated: 17 July 2025

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1

Egbumokei, Peter Ifechukwude, Ikiomoworio Nicholas Dienagha, Wags Numoipiri Digitemie, Ekene Cynthia Onukwulu, and Olusola Temidayo Oladipo. "Cost-effective contract negotiation strategies for international oil & gas projects." International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Growth Evaluation 5, no. 4 (2024): 1284–97. https://doi.org/10.54660/.ijmrge.2024.5.4.1284-1297.

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Cost-effective contract negotiation is a critical component in managing international oil and gas projects, where financial efficiency and operational reliability are paramount. The complexity of these projects, which often involve cross-border transactions, diverse stakeholders, and fluctuating market conditions, requires a strategic approach to negotiation. This review highlights key strategies for ensuring cost-effective contract negotiations in the sector. First, a focus on risk-sharing mechanisms allows parties to mitigate uncertainties related to oil price volatility, geopolitical risks,

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Jones, Beth H., and Timothy R. Hill. "Computer-Aided Negotiation for Classroom Instruction." Journal of Educational Technology Systems 22, no. 4 (1994): 327–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/jpk5-85kt-698b-x1rx.

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This article describes a computer system being developed to support two-party negotiation. It is currently used for classroom instruction; eventually it could be used by one and/or both parties in real-world negotiation situations. In using the software, the negotiator enters his/her weights for each issue, function forms, and estimates of the partner's importance weightings. The system will then generate a graph depicting the utility for each side of all possible negotiation agreements. A click on the mouse allows users to see what contract(s) each dot in the graph represents, or where a spec

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Kolesnikova, Tatiana V., and Elena A. Rudaya. "MODELING INTERNATIONAL CONTRACT NEGOTIATION SOFTWARE FOR THE PURPOSES OF TRAINING SPECIALISTS IN FOREIGN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY." Economy of the North-West: problems and prospects of development 2, no. 69 (2022): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.52897/2411-4588-2022-2-49-53.

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Social sustainability and development of Russian international economic ties depends on many factors, with human resources taking the leading role. The ability to build solid long-term and mutually beneficial economic relations with foreign counterparts is considered to be one of the key competencies of a specialist in foreign economic activity. In this regard, the priorities of the Russian higher education system include the training of modern-day specialists with competencies in the field of entrepreneurship, international business communication, emotional intelligence, who are able to work

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Lempp, Frieder. "A software implementation and case study application of Lempp’s propositional model of conflict resolution." International Journal of Conflict Management 28, no. 5 (2017): 563–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcma-08-2016-0073.

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Purpose The starting point of this paper is the propositional model of conflict resolution which was presented and critically discussed in Lempp (2016). Based on this model, a software implementation, called ProCON, is introduced and applied to three scenarios. The purpose of the paper is to demonstrate how ProCON can be used by negotiators and to evaluate ProCON’s practical usefulness as an automated negotiation support system. Design/methodology/approach The propositional model is implemented as a computer program. The implementation consists of an input module to enter data about a negotiat

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Cui, Rongxin, Ji Guo, and Bo Gao. "Game theory-based negotiation for multiple robots task allocation." Robotica 31, no. 6 (2013): 923–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574713000192.

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SUMMARYThis paper investigates task allocation for multiple robots by applying the game theory-based negotiation approach. Based on the initial task allocation using a contract net-based approach, a new method to select the negotiation robots and construct the negotiation set is proposed by employing the utility functions. A negotiation mechanism suitable for the decentralized task allocation is also presented. Then, a game theory-based negotiation strategy is proposed to achieve the Pareto-optimal solution for the task reallocation. Extensive simulation results are provided to show that the t

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Daniel, Côrrea, Clara Galvão Santana Anna, and de Oliveira Dias Murillo. "Deal-Making in Private Equity: Lessons from a Brazilian Tech Company and Private Equity Firm Negotiation." GPH-International Journal of Computer Science and Engineering 8, no. 01 (2025): 50–61. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15388600.

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This case study examines the negotiation between a technology company and a private equity fund, highlighting the complexities of aligning distinct interests in a private equity negotiation. The parties navigated critical aspects such as sale price, organizational culture, staff retention, breakup fee, and labor liabilities, utilizing negotiation techniques like BATNA and ZOPA to reach a mutually beneficial agreement. The outcome demonstrates the importance of a well-structured process and strategic concessions in achieving a successful transaction. Discussion and lessons learned compile this

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José, Mário do Valle, Poloni Trindade Saulo, and de Oliveira Dias Murillo. "From Distributive to Integrative: A Strategic Negotiation for Supply Chain Optimization in Brazil." GPH-International Journal of Computer Science and Engineering 8, no. 01 (2025): 37–49. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15317527.

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In this article, a Brazilian software company with an extensive portfolio of supply chain optimization and management solutions, widely consolidated in the pharmaceutical market, engages in a buyer-seller, Type II software negotiation, aiming at expanding its operations to other sectors, such as Consumer Goods and Automotive. The software company negotiates with a multinational company in the consumer goods sector with a global reach and decades of consolidated history in the market. The multinational company is willing to consider the Brazilian software company but wants proof that the system

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Zhang, Lin, and Xinquan Liu. "Traffic Game Model with the Contract Model." Scientific Programming 2021 (October 23, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6189075.

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To distribute the right-of-way of intersection reasonably, the game model between each adjacent agent was obtained through agent technology. The Nash equilibrium model to measure the negotiation effects was proposed, and the existence of the Nash equilibrium solution was proved. We obtained the game equilibrium solution between each adjacent agent and thus got the equilibrium price (cost) in the network. According to the equilibrium price, travelers will choose the best path in transportation networks by adopting the path strategy with the minimum cost or fuzzy-comparison strategy. The results

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Michael Osinakachukwu Ezeh, Adindu Donatus Ogbu, Augusta Heavens Ikevuje, and Emmanuel Paul-Emeka George. "Leveraging technology for improved contract management in the energy sector." International Journal of Applied Research in Social Sciences 6, no. 7 (2024): 1481–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.51594/ijarss.v6i7.1336.

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Effective contract management is critical for the energy sector, where complex agreements and regulatory requirements demand precision and oversight. Leveraging technology for improved contract management can transform how energy companies manage their contracts, enhancing efficiency, compliance, and strategic alignment. This paper explores the impact of technological advancements on contract management processes in the energy sector, emphasizing digital solutions and automation. The energy sector deals with multifaceted contracts involving various stakeholders, including suppliers, contractor

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Tursyn, А. О. "Kazakhstan's public procurement landscape: an in-depth review over two years." Central Asian Economic Review, no. 6 (February 25, 2025): 68–82. https://doi.org/10.52821/2789-4401-2024-6-68-82.

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Purpose of the study is to analyze the public procurement market in Kazakhstan, identifying key trends, factors influencing contract failure, and regional variations in procurement practices.Methodology: We examined nearly 3.9 million procurement contracts, employing descriptive statistics to overview market characteristics and using Generalized Linear Model regression analysis to identify factors affecting contract failure. The study focused on variables such as local production share, contract sum, procurement method, and regional differences.Originality/Value: This research contributes to t

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Kluska-Nawarecka, S., K. Regulski, and G. Rojek. "The Framework of Agent-based Negotiation Platform for Foundries Cooperating in Supply Chain." Archives of Foundry Engineering 13, no. 4 (2013): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/afe-2013-0085.

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Abstract This paper concerns the domain of contracts in the metallurgy and heavy industry, that are the form of deals making between cooperating companies being suppliers and consumers of some goods. From a general point of view cooperation enables for small companies to realize orders that are too large for an individual producer, but contract negotiations, further scheduling and support of production are usually too difficult and complicated. This paper presents a proposition of an information system, that should make cooperation between companies more available. Such system should be distri

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Haddar, Imane, Brahim Raouyane, and Mostafa Bellafkih. "Service Broker-Based Architecture Using Multi-Criteria Decision Making for Service Level Agreement." Computer and Information Science 13, no. 1 (2019): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/cis.v13n1p20.

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With the on-going trends of the telecom services, the number of service providers with similar functionalities is undergoing a rapid growth. The customers face the difficulty to decide which service provider can satisfy their needs and full their requirements. Negotiating contracts between involved parts, and hiding heterogeneity in the distributed network environment has been challenging for telecom operators and service providers. Different languages exist to describe the Service Level Agreement (SLA), which is a contract between a service provider and a customer. However, since each service

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Tao, Haijun. "A Multi-Agent Negotiation Model Based on Acquaintance Coalition and Extended Contract Net Protocol." Journal of Computer Research and Development 43, no. 7 (2006): 1155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1360/crad20060704.

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Amoo, Oseni, Yusuf Lukman, and Nafiu Musa. "Dispute resolution methods adopted by contractors during COVID-19 in Eastern Cape South Africa: A Case Study." Journal of Construction Business and Management 5, no. 2 (2022): 54–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.15641/jcbm.5.2.1209.

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Over the past months, the socioeconomic consequences of the ravaging COVID-19 pandemic reverberated through and affected all segments of life. The construction industry is not left out. The severe impacts of COVID-19 have not only witnessed tragic human losses but have also caused colossal devastating implications for construction procurement and general contract condition. The study examined the dispute resolution methods adopted by contractors in Eastern Cape, South Africa, during the COVID-19 experience to determine their appropriateness and effectiveness. The study employed a snowballing,

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Yin, Yong, Jian Zhou, Chaoyong Zhang, and Dejun Chen. "Adaptive SLA mechanism for service sharing in virtual environments." Kybernetes 45, no. 7 (2016): 1036–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/k-03-2014-0057.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to discuss an adaptive SLA mechanism for service sharing in virtual environment, which can organize and govern QoS items in terms of service execution time, reliability, and availability, and provides a common understanding about services, responsibilities, priorities, guarantees and warranties-related virtual cooperative issues. Design/methodology/approach The management framework for SLA is introduced, based on which the whole process including SLA contract, adaptive SLA negotiation strategy, SLA deployment and SLA assessment are discussed, and the protot

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Šaučiūnas, Marius, and Albertas Čaplinskas. "Pasitikėjimo užtikrinimo metodai automatiniu būdu sudarant elektronines pasaulinio saityno paslaugų gavimo sutartis." Informacijos mokslai 56 (January 1, 2011): 108–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/im.2011.0.3146.

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Straipsnyje aptariamos pasitikėjimo problemos, su kuriomis susiduriama derantis programiniams agentams dėl pasaulinio saityno paslaugų gavimo elektroninių sutarčių sudarymo. Derybų metu iš paslaugų teikėjų, teikiančių visus kitus reikalavimustenkinančias paslaugas, reikia pasirinkti tokį, kuriam galima atskleisti savo konfidencialius duomenis. Pasitikėjimas turi būti abipusis, nes tai dažnai aktualu ir paslaugos teikėjui. Abipusis pasitikėjimas įgyjamas derybų būdu, palaipsniui vienas kitam atskleidžiant savo konfidencialius duomenis. Taigi derybos turi būti reglamentuojamos taisyklėmis, nusta

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Kujala, Jaakko, Soili Nystén-Haarala, and Jouko Nuottila. "Flexible contracting in project business." International Journal of Managing Projects in Business 8, no. 1 (2015): 92–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmpb-10-2013-0062.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to increase the understanding of the main challenges of the contracting process and project contracts in the context of project business characterized by a high level of complexity and uncertainty. The authors argue that understanding contracting as a flexible process and as a business tool will contribute to creating more value in projects which are implemented in constantly changing circumstances or which require gradual and iterative development. Design/methodology/approach – This is a conceptual paper with illustrative examples from the software indus

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Qin, Ruwen, Cihan H. Dagli, and Nnaemeka Amaeshi. "A Contract Negotiation Model for Constituent Systems in the Acquisition of Acknowledged System of Systems." IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems 47, no. 11 (2017): 3050–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.2016.2560520.

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KONOPNICKI, DAVID, LIOR LEIBA, ODED SHMUELI, and YEHOSHUA SAGIV. "A FORMAL YET PRACTICAL APPROACH TO ELECTRONIC COMMERCE." International Journal of Cooperative Information Systems 11, no. 01n02 (2002): 93–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218843002000510.

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This work explores (semi-)automated EC on the WWW. The EContracts framework enables EC WWW sites and EC automated tools to present standardized information. This information (1) allows each party to decide whether it wishes to engage in an EC activity with the other party, (2) enables automated negotiation between the parties, and (3) enables the establishment of an electronic contract, i.e. a formal description of an agreed upon EC transaction. The EContracts framework defines the basic software components of an EC party and their interconnections. Based on the EContracts framework, various a

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Djumabaeva, Jamila, Makhfirat Qurbonalieva, Farrukh Bakhritdinov, et al. "Secure Cross-Border Collaboration in Language and History Research Using Blockchain Smart Contracts." Journal of Internet Services and Information Security 15, no. 1 (2025): 426–36. https://doi.org/10.58346/jisis.2025.i1.028.

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A Smart Contract (SC) is a digital negotiation process between two or more anonymized participants without trusted middlemen. It is an autonomous SC manifested as software code. SC operates on the blockchain (BC). The program and the SC are immutable and preserved on a decentralized public registry. Many potential applications for SC exist within the digital economy, encompassing financial services, administration, medical care, and the Internet of Things (IoT). Ethereum and Hyperledger constitute the most prevalent open-source advanced cross-industry BC systems for cross-border collaboration.

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Davtyan, Tsolak Agasovich. "The ratio of will and expression of will in the issue of determining pre-contractual liability." Юридические исследования, no. 9 (September 2022): 62–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-7136.2022.9.37973.

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The subject of the study is aspects of the institute culpa in contrahendo, embodied in the novels of the Gc 2015. The main purpose is to demonstrate the significance of the correlation of the will and the will of the parties (the object of the study) in determining pre-contractual liability (PO) in cases where the contract remains valid; an appropriate legal technique is given to explain the restoration of the legal situation in accordance with the concept of the desired agreement, understood as a coincidence of wills (common will). In this regard, it turns out that the norms of the domestic C

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Widyarsana, I. Putu, and Putu Eny Suhardiyani. "Analisis Identifikasi Variabel Kompetensi Manajer Proyek Pada Pelaksanaan Konstruksi Di Kabupaten Badung." Journal of Comprehensive Science (JCS) 2, no. 12 (2023): 1422–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.59188/jcs.v2i12.559.

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Proyek konstruksi tidak terlepas dari permasalahan teknis dalam pelaksanaannya seperti penerapan metode kerja yang tidak sesuai prosedur, minimnya pengawasan, keterlambatan penyelesaian proyek karena pengelolaan sumber daya manusia, alat, material yang tidak efektif dan efisien. Dengan melihat permasalahan yang terjadi maka peranan manajer proyek sangat penting dalam mengendalikan sumber daya yang dimiliki dan bertanggung jawab atas pencapaian tujuan proyek konstruksi. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan penelitian mengenai identifikasi variabel kompetensi manajer proyek berdasarkan 4 aspek yang

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Li, Weiwei, Chong Wu, He Dong, Huan Wang, and Mei Li. "Risk measurement and optimization model of coal generation contracts for the difference between prospect M-V and normal triangular fuzzy stochastic variables." Kybernetes 45, no. 8 (2016): 1323–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/k-10-2015-0266.

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Purpose Coal and power generation are related upstream and downstream industries. Coal price marketization and electricity price regulation have caused the price of coal to be sensitive to the benefits of generators. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach As a financial tool, contracts for differences can both help balance interests and reduce risks caused by spot price fluctuation. This thesis regards coal demand as a triangular fuzzy stochastic variable while directing a levelling consideration towards risk returns for coal and power enterprises that are involved

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Oladapo Adeboye Popoola, Henry Ejiga Adama, Chukwuekem David Okeke, and Abiodun Emmanuel Akinoso. "CONCEPTUALIZING AGILE DEVELOPMENT IN DIGITAL TRANSFORMATIONS: THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS AND PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS." Engineering Science & Technology Journal 5, no. 4 (2024): 1524–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.51594/estj.v5i4.1080.

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Agile development has emerged as a prominent approach in digital transformations due to its flexibility and adaptability to changing requirements. This review explores the theoretical foundations and practical applications of agile development in the context of digital transformations. Theoretical foundations of agile development stem from iterative and incremental methodologies that prioritize customer collaboration, adaptive planning, and continuous improvement. Agile principles, as outlined in the Agile Manifesto, emphasize individuals and interactions over processes and tools, working soft

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Nzangi, Brenda Ngina, and Elizabeth Wangu Wachiuri. "Strategic Procurement Practices and Performance of Investment Firms Listed in Nairobi Securities Exchange, Kenya." International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research (IJSSHR) ISSN 2959-7056 (o); 2959-7048 (p) 1, no. 1 (2023): 699–717. http://dx.doi.org/10.61108/ijsshr.v1i1.56.

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The overall goal of the proposed study was to lay out the impact of key obtainment rehearses on acquisition execution of venture companies recorded in the NSE, Kenya. The specific objectives were to investigate how investment firms listed on the NSE’s procurement performance is affected by strategic supplier relationship practice; to determine how strategic contract management practices affect investment firms listed on the NSE procurement performance; To determine the impact of strategic sourcing on the procurement performance of NSE-listed investment firms in Kenya and; to ascertain how the

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Palanisamy, Ramaraj, Jacques Verville, and Nazim Taskin. "The critical success factors (CSFs) for Enterprise Software contract negotiations." Journal of Enterprise Information Management 28, no. 1 (2015): 34–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jeim-12-2013-0083.

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Purpose – As the wrong Enterprise Software (ES) acquisition can lead an organization with chronically exceeded budgets and settling for minimum returns, so can an unfavorable contractual agreement. Often the acquiring organizations become vulnerable to risks and mistakes as the software contracts are habitually written using legal terminologies and mainly to the advantage of the vendor. To avoid costly ES contracting mistakes, the purpose of this paper is to empirically identify the critical success factors (CSFs) of contracting in the context of ES acquisition. Design/methodology/approach – A

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Holthusen, Sönke, Sophie Quinton, Ina Schaefer, Johannes Schlatow, and Martin Wegner. "Using Multi-Viewpoint Contracts for Negotiation of Embedded Software Updates." Electronic Proceedings in Theoretical Computer Science 208 (May 25, 2016): 31–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4204/eptcs.208.3.

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White, Kristy. "Book Review: Library Licensing: A Manual for Busy Librarians." Library Resources & Technical Services 64, no. 3 (2020): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/lrts.64n3.139-140.

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One of the many challenges librarians face is reviewing and negotiating licensing agreements. Halaychik and Reagan discuss these challenges in Library Licensing: A Manual for Busy Librarians. The scope of this book is much broader than the title seems to indicate, covering not only license-related topics regarding electronic resources in its six chapters, but also information on contract management software, Integrated Library Systems (ILS) and maintenance, and services agreements. For this reason, the book can feel unfocused at times. Chapter 1 briefly introduces basic information about contr

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Lang, Jane. "Negotiating Next Year's Long-Distance [Telecommunication] Contract." EDPACS 27, no. 9 (2000): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/1079/43255.27.9.20000301/30322.8.

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Rahman, Abdul, Yesi Hendriani Supartoyo, and Ricky Adi Putranto. "Tax Sanction by Reward and Punishment Mechanism as A Part of Tax Law in Increasing Tax Morale." Journal of Law and Sustainable Development 12, no. 1 (2024): e3084. http://dx.doi.org/10.55908/sdgs.v12i1.3084.

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Background: Taxation is an important source of revenue for a country. Research in many developing countries has recently demonstrated that tax can play a significant role in the development of power of state and society. This is seen on two principles, namely the imposition of a tax as a negotiation process based on social contract (revenue-bargaining policy) and taxes for institutional development to strengthen the capacity of the state to perform its functions. Unfortunately, countries with tax systems still have problems with tax compliance because of low tax morale and low tax sanction enf

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Baena Rojas, José Jaime, José Alejandro Cano, and Juan Gabriel Vanegas-López. "ICT and the trading negotiation for international sale contracts in the Pacific Alliance firms." Revista Lasallista de Investigación 19, no. 1 (2022): 195–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.22507/rli.v19n1a12.

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Introduction. The information and communication technologies (ICT) have change the way that firms carry out their international business transactions because small, medium, and large companies are increasingly adopting these tools in order to enhance the productivity into operational processes including the commercial and industrial internationalization. Objective. This article aims to identify the most used ICT in the international trade negotiation process for achieving import and export contracts within the Pacific Alliance companies. Methodology. Then, a survey in 401 internationalized fir

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Zhang, Yirui, Ying Jin, Jianxiu Bai, and Jing Zhang. "A Negotiation Framework for Managing the Requirements Changes." Cybernetics and Information Technologies 13, Special-Issue (2013): 75–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cait-2013-0039.

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Abstract The consistent system requirements set is the basis of successful software projects. The requirements change is very usual in a software project, and it may cause inconsistency of the requirements set, and become the key factor that affects the quality of the requirements and the software. Aiming at the problem of requirements inconsistencies caused by the requirements change, this paper proposes a compromise-based negotiation framework to manage the requirements changes, illustrates the efficiency of the proposed method by a software engineering case, gives a contrast experiment with

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Dolganin, A. A. "Software Distribution in E-Form: the Problem of Choosing a Contractual Model." Lex Russica, no. 1 (January 19, 2021): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1729-5920.2021.170.1.009-017.

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The paper is devoted to the analysis of peculiarities of legal support of distribution of “boxless” versions of foreign software distributed exclusively in e-form in Russia. In the conditions of digitalization of economic relations, a significant part of the difficulties, Russian software distributors face with, are associated with the imperfection of contractual work in companies rather than with the current legislation. The author highlights the specifics of contractual relations (their prerequisites and content) between the distributer (reseller) and right-holder (vendor) as factors influen

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Ma, Yingying, Chaowen Chang, Ping Wu, Jingxu Xiao, and Lu Yuan. "BSSN-SDNs: A Blockchain-Based Security Service Negotiation for the SDN Interdomain." Electronics 13, no. 16 (2024): 3120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics13163120.

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The security requirements for SDN (Software-Defined Network) cross-domain communication are diverse and dynamically changing; thus, a security service negotiation function is required for the SDN interdomain. However, the SDN interdomain distributed communication environment leads to a lack of trustworthiness and security. Therefore, this paper proposes a blockchain-based SDN interdomain security service negotiation mechanism, BSSN-SDNs, to provide automatic, secure, and trustworthy SDN interdomain security service negotiation. BSSN-SDNs proposes a three-layer reference architecture that enabl

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Plecka, Przemysław, and Krzysztof Bzdyra. "The Software Cost Estimation Method Based on Fuzzy Ontology." Foundations of Management 6, no. 2 (2014): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/fman-2015-0008.

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Abstract In the course of sales process of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Systems, it turns out that the standard system must be extended or changed (modified) according to specific customer’s requirements. Therefore, suppliers face the problem of determining the cost of additional works. Most methods of cost estimation bring satisfactory results only at the stage of pre-implementation analysis. However, suppliers need to know the estimated cost as early as at the stage of trade talks. During contract negotiations, they expect not only the information about the costs of works, but also abo

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Pfeiffer, Rolf-Helge, and Jon Aaen. "Tools for monitoring software quality in information systems development and maintenance: five key challenges and a design proposal." International Journal of Information Systems and Project Management 12, no. 1 (2024): 19–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.12821/ijispm120102.

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As software grows in size and complexity, organizations increasingly apply tools to automatically assess software quality of information systems during development and maintenance. Software quality assessment tools (SWQAT) promise fast and actionable insights into the technical state of software through various quality characteristics, such as maintainability, reliability, or security. These tools have been used to support a wide variety of Information Technology (IT) project management decisions related to system development, contract negotiations, project terminations, and even settling lega

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Hobday, Mike, and Tim Brady. "Rational Versus Soft Management in Complex Software: Lessons from Flight Simulation." International Journal of Innovation Management 02, no. 01 (1998): 1–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s136391969800002x.

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This paper compares actual (A-type) software processes at work in flight simulation, one example of a software-intensive complex product system, with ideal, rational (B-type) processes as contained in company manuals, tools and procedures. The aim is to identify the causes and consequences of divergencies between A- and B-type processes in a complex product, and to draw implications for theory and practice. The paper also develops a simple partial model to show what A-type processes actually "look like" in practice. The evidence indicates that in response to industrial turbulence, uncertainty,

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Innocentini, Viviana, and Federico Navarro. "Negotiating across languages: Metadiscourse in English and Spanish abstracts in Soil Science." Literatura y Lingüística, no. 46 (February 13, 2023): 113–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.29344/0717621x.46.3134.

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This study aimed to contrast metadiscourse use across languages in abstracts in the field of Soil Science. Three corpora were compared: abstracts published in Spanish by Spanish speakers; abstracts published in English by Spanish speakers; and abstracts published in English by English speakers. Metadiscourse occurrences were qualitatively coded using computer-assisted qualitative data analysis software and interpreted in relation to independent variables language of publication, writers’ dominant language, and abstract rhetorical structure. Findings suggest an overall preference for boosting a

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Wang, Da Kui, Jun Zhang, Xiu Juan Zhang, and You Yi Sheng. "Dynamic Performance Analysis of Locomotives Based on the Matching between Worn Wheel-Rail Profiles." Advanced Materials Research 748 (August 2013): 386–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.748.386.

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Wheel profiles in different abrasion stages are tracked and measured for locomotives SS4. They are then matched with rail profiles in the measured wear stability period. In order to contrast the wheel profiles in different abrasion stages, multi-body dynamic software named SIMPACK is adapted to set up a complete dynamics model of locomotives. The influence of wheel profiles in different abrasion stages on the dynamic performances of locomotives is simulated and analyzed. Analysis results state that locomotives using the wheel profiles of typeII have the good stability for their line operation.

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Loyarte, Edurne, Igor Garcia-Olaizola, Gorka Marcos, et al. "Model for calculating the intellectual capital of research centres." Journal of Intellectual Capital 19, no. 4 (2018): 787–813. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jic-01-2017-0021.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop a model to help RTC managers in the technological and R&D decisions and bets so as to change the perceived value of the R&D projects of the centres. To achieve this aim, the paper investigates the different models for the valuation of intangible assets. Design/methodology/approach The paper presents a single case study and focusses on creating a useful IC valuation model for the centre, using existing methods and frameworks in IP and IC fields. Findings The paper presents a new method for the calculation of IC applied to a RTC in ICT sect

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Gharehdaghi, Mandana, and Dirk-Jan F. Kamann. "The role of power in market control in supplier-buyer relations." Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology 8, no. 6 (2024): 8709–17. https://doi.org/10.55214/25768484.v8i6.3858.

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This study investigates the role of power dynamics in market control within supplier-buyer relationships, with a specific focus on blockchain technology adoption in supply chain networks. Using five focus group discussions, comprising of diverse participants categorized by sector, location, gender, and company size, the research explores how power influences decision-making processes. Findings reveal that larger companies often prioritize stability over innovation, limiting their willingness to adopt disruptive technologies like blockchain. In contrast, smaller firms demonstrate greater flexib

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Huovinen, Erkki, and Heli Rautanen. "Interaction affordances in traditional instruments and tablet computers: A study of children’s musical group creativity." Research Studies in Music Education 42, no. 1 (2019): 94–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1321103x18809510.

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In order to promote children’s collaborative musical creativity in new digital environments, we need a better understanding not only of the sound production capabilities provided by the new digital tools, but also of the interaction affordances involved. This study focuses on the interactional patterns emerging in children’s musical creativity, comparing creative group processes on iPad tablet computers (with GarageBand software) to processes on traditional musical instruments. Both instrumentations were assigned to five groups of four 10–12-year-olds for creating sound landscapes for a “space

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Li, Dongyan, and Chunbo Liu. "The Modality Density of Pragmatic Apology in L2." International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems 2022 (September 13, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8055892.

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In this study, multimodal interaction analysis is used to analyze the apology act of two Chinese EFL learners and two Bangladeshi EFL learners in face-to-face interaction through task-role-playing via the multimodal software Elan. The radar figures are also drawn to show the similarities and differences of the modal density of six different modal resources: gesture, head movement, gaze, facial expression, posture, and utterances. It is found that the intensity of the gaze modality used by the four participants is higher with the gaze modality and utterance modality occupying the central positi

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Esfandiar, Masoud, Farzad Asayesh, Alireza Rousta, and Seyed Mahmood Hashemi. "The Model of Marketing and Sales Outcomes in the Bitumen Market." Management Strategies and Engineering Sciences 7, no. 2 (2025): 124–30. https://doi.org/10.61838/msesj.7.2.12.

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Marketing and sales outcomes are typically shaped based on long-term and interactive relationships between companies. These markets often involve complex and specialized products and services that require technical knowledge and a deep understanding of customer needs. The marketing and sales process in these markets comprises multiple stages, including identifying customer needs, presenting customized proposals, conducting complex negotiations, and establishing long-term contracts. In this environment, intercompany relationships are highly significant, and decision-making is primarily carried

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Esfandiar, Masoud, Farzad Asayesh, Alireza Rousta, and Seyed Mahmood Hashemi. "The Model of Marketing and Sales Outcomes in the Bitumen Market." Management Strategies and Engineering Sciences 7, no. 1 (2025): 149–55. https://doi.org/10.61838/msesj.7.1.15.

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Marketing and sales outcomes are typically shaped based on long-term and interactive relationships between companies. These markets often involve complex and specialized products and services that require technical knowledge and a deep understanding of customer needs. The marketing and sales process in these markets comprises multiple stages, including identifying customer needs, presenting customized proposals, conducting complex negotiations, and establishing long-term contracts. In this environment, intercompany relationships are highly significant, and decision-making is primarily carried

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Ford, Kenneth M., James Allen, Niranjan Suri, Patrick J. Hayes, and Robert Morris. "PIM: A Novel Architecture for Coordinating Behavior of Distributed Systems." AI Magazine 31, no. 2 (2010): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aimag.v31i2.2261.

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Process integrated mechanisms (PIM) offer a new approach to the problem of coordinating the activity of physically distributed systems or devices. Current approaches to coordination all have well-recognized strengths and weaknesses. We propose a novel architecture to add to the mix, called the Process Integrated Mechanism (PIM), which enjoys the advantages of having a single controlling authority while avoiding the structural difficulties that have traditionally led to its rejection in many complex settings. In many situations, PIMs improve on previous models with regard to coordination, secur

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Gorodetsky, V. I., V. B. Laryukhin, and P. O. Skobelev. "Conceptual Model of a Digital Platform for Cyber-Physical Management of a Modern Enterprises Part 1. Digital Platform and Digital Ecosystem." Mekhatronika, Avtomatizatsiya, Upravlenie 20, no. 6 (2019): 323–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17587/mau.20.323-332.

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The paper proposes conceptual model of a digital platform for cyber-physical management of modern enterprises in the upcoming era of Industry 5.0. Unlike Industry 4.0, which focuses on automation of physical processes, Industry 5.0 is oriented on digitization of knowledge and automation of reasoning processes for creating artificial intelligence that is able to manage enterprises. This still emerging era will be characterized by the vision of any business, including industrial production or logistics, as a complex adaptive system built on fundamental principles of self-organization and evoluti

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Navrozova, Yuliia, and Anastasia Yanitska. "ABOUT CRM-SYSTEMS OF TRAVEL COMPANIES." Development of Management and Entrepreneurship Methods on Transport (ONMU) 79, no. 2 (2022): 39–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31375/2226-1915-2022-2-39-52.

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Abstract. The paper explores the need to develop an improved CRM software (Customer Relationship Management) implementation for the travel agencies. It has been proved that the use of this tool (in contrast to other CRM-systems, which require the use of many other programs for a full analysis) will provide facility to improve travel agencies business processes in all areas: customer care, sale, marketing and finance and above all – it will serve an opportunity to analyze key indicators and draw accurate conclusions about the further development.The aim of the paper is to improve the CRM system

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Njoroge, Miriam Wambui. "Childlessness among Agìkūyū Women in Rūaka, Kìambu County: Evolving Norms from Tradition to Contemporary Realities." East African Journal of Traditions, Culture and Religion 8, no. 1 (2025): 102–15. https://doi.org/10.37284/eajtcr.8.1.3288.

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Among the Agìkūyū of Kenya, motherhood is a deeply ingrained cultural expectation, with childlessness—whether involuntary due to infertility or voluntary by choice—often leading to stigma, social exclusion, and even domestic violence or marital breakdown. Traditionally, a woman’s value has been closely tied to her ability to bear children, a belief further reinforced by the practice of rūraacio (bride wealth), which presumes fertility as part of the marital contract. The failure to conceive is frequently viewed as a violation of this expectation, exposing women to emotional and social vulnerab

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Turyanytsia, V. V., and A. V. Leta. "Intellectual property rights as an aspect of modern globalization." Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law 4, no. 85 (2024): 346–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2024.85.4.51.

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The article touches upon the topic of intellectual property protection in the era of globalisation and reveals the principles of national legal order at the beginning of the formation of the foundations for protection of intellectual property rights, which will in fact serve as a qualitative basis for resolving potential disputes in the future. The study shows that intellectual property has no borders, because if an author writes, say, a software code, he or she will be its author both in Ukraine and abroad (in this case, we are talking about the presumption of authorship). The author identifi

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