Academic literature on the topic 'Software grounded theory'
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Journal articles on the topic "Software grounded theory"
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Siddique, Lubna, and Bassam A. Hussein. "Grounded Theory Study of Conflicts in Norwegian Agile Software Projects: The Project Managers’ Perspective." Journal of Engineering, Project, and Production Management 6, no. 2 (2016): 120–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.32738/jeppm.201607.0005.
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Duru, Hacı Ali, Murat Perit Çakır, and Veysi İşler. "How Does Software Visualization Contribute to Software Comprehension? A Grounded Theory Approach." International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction 29, no. 11 (2013): 743–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2013.773876.
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Arcs, Garratt, and R. Razali. "Cognitive dimensions and grounded theory in learning software modeling." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 1, no. 1 (2009): 1884–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2009.01.331.
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Coleman, Gerry, and Rory O’Connor. "Investigating software process in practice: A grounded theory perspective." Journal of Systems and Software 81, no. 5 (2008): 772–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2007.07.027.
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Badreddin, Omar. "Thematic Review and Analysis of Grounded Theory Application in Software Engineering." Advances in Software Engineering 2013 (October 22, 2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/468021.
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We present metacodes, a new concept to guide grounded theory (GT) research in software engineering. Metacodes are high level codes that can help software engineering researchers guide the data coding process. Metacodes are constructed in the course of analyzing software engineering papers that use grounded theory as a research methodology. We performed a high level analysis to discover common themes in such papers and discovered that GT had been applied primarily in three software engineering disciplines: agile development processes, geographically distributed software development, and requirements engineering. For each category, we collected and analyzed all grounded theory codes and created, following a GT analysis process, what we call metacodes that can be used to drive further theory building. This paper surveys the use of grounded theory in software engineering and presents an overview of successes and challenges of applying this research methodology.
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EnglandKennedy, Elizabeth. "Using NVIVO with Grounded Theory and other Qualitative Methods." Practicing Anthropology 30, no. 1 (2008): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.30.1.574n603r62114121.
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This paper demonstrates the potential usefulness of the NVivo7 software for developing grounded theory through semantic analysis and for making grounded theory more accessible to students and researchers. Use of qualitative data analysis software early in the research process can impact research design, including the creation of interview protocols and survey instruments. It can also be useful later in the process for content and discourse analyses. NVivo is a software program designed to facilitate coding and analysis of qualitative data; it includes "query" functions, which are specific searches that the software can perform on data.
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Subbarao, A., and M. N. Mahrin. "Data Consolidation in Global Software Development Projects: A Grounded Theory." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1793, no. 1 (2021): 012043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1793/1/012043.
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Adolph, Steve, Wendy Hall, and Philippe Kruchten. "Using grounded theory to study the experience of software development." Empirical Software Engineering 16, no. 4 (2011): 487–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10664-010-9152-6.
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Choppy, Christine, and Gianna Reggio. "A formally grounded software specification method." Journal of Logic and Algebraic Programming 67, no. 1-2 (2006): 52–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jlap.2005.09.003.
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Barbosa, Marcelo Werneck. "Uma análise do uso de grounded theory em engenharia de software." Revista Produção Online 17, no. 1 (2017): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.14488/1676-1901.v17i1.2326.
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A Engenharia de Software (ES) é composta de fenômenos constituídos sócio-culturalmente e não tecnicamente. As pesquisas conduzidas nesta área devem compreender tais fenômenos. Entretanto, métodos qualitativos, adequados para este tipo de pesquisa, ainda não são comumente utilizados em ES. Apesar disso, tem-se observado um crescimento recente de publicações que adotam métodos qualitativos na ES, mais particularmente, da Grounded Theory (GT). A Grounded Theory utiliza um conjunto de procedimentos sistemáticos de coleta e análise dos dados para gerar, elaborar e validar teorias substantivas sobre fenômenos essencialmente sociais. Diante deste contexto, este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar uma revisão sistemática para caracterizar estudos na área de ES que utilizaram o método Grounded Theory. Os resultados da revisão sistemática mostraram um aumento no número de trabalhos usando GT em Engenharia de Software, particularmente em pesquisas que envolvem comportamentos humanos em projetos que usam métodos ágeis ou são desenvolvidos de maneira distribuída. Foi possível observar ainda que a maioria dos trabalhos não chega a enunciar uma teoria de fato ao final, mas, usam este método de pesquisa como meio para identificar categorias e conceitos no contexto pesquisado.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Software grounded theory"
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Mambrini, Andrea. "Theory grounded design of genetic programming and parallel evolutionary algorithms." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2015. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/5928/.
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Evolutionary algorithms (EAs) have been successfully applied to many problems and applications. Their success comes from being general purpose, which means that the same EA can be used to solve different problems. Despite that, many factors can affect the behaviour and the performance of an EA and it has been proven that there isn't a particular EA which can solve efficiently any problem. This opens to the issue of understanding how different design choices can affect the performance of an EA and how to efficiently design and tune one. This thesis has two main objectives. On the one hand we will advance the theoretical understanding of evolutionary algorithms, particularly focusing on Genetic Programming and Parallel Evolutionary algorithms. We will do that trying to understand how different design choices affect the performance of the algorithms and providing rigorously proven bounds of the running time for different designs. This novel knowledge, built upon previous work on the theoretical foundation of EAs, will then help for the second objective of the thesis, which is to provide theory grounded design for Parallel Evolutionary Algorithms and Genetic Programming. This will consist in being inspired by the analysis of the algorithms to produce provably good algorithm designs.
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GOUVEIA, Tatiana Bittencourt. "Uma teoria sobre coesão em equipes de engenharia de software." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2016. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/21105.
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Previous issue date: 2016-02-25<br>Contexto: A engenharia de software é uma disciplina de natureza sócio técnica baseada na forte interação entre fatores pessoais, sociais e técnicos. Conceitualmente, os aspectos sociais da engenharia de software incluem formas de interação, comportamentos e organização das pessoas, visto que a ampla maioria dos sistemas de software são desenvolvidos em equipe. Dentre os possíveis preditores do desempenho de equipes, um dos fatores mais estudados em diversas áreas do conhecimento é a coesão de equipe. Na área de engenharia de software a pesquisa sobre coesão ainda é pontual e inconclusiva. Objetivo: Construir uma teoria substantiva fundamentada nos dados que explique o fenômeno da coesão dentro de equipes de engenharia de software. Para isso, respondemos à Questão Central de Pesquisa: “Como se caracteriza a coesão dentro das equipes de engenharia de software?”. Método: Para responder à pergunta de pesquisa adotamos a Teoria Fundamentada como método de coleta e análise dos dados. Este método tem como objetivo através de dados coletados, reunidos e analisados sistematicamente derivar uma teoria baseada neles. A coleta de dados e a análise foram realizadas de forma intercalada. Alguns cuidados foram tomados para garantir a confiabilidade da pesquisa: triangulação dos dados através de múltiplas fontes de evidências (entrevistas, observação, questionário); redação de memorandos e adoção do diário de campo. Resultados: A coesão das equipes de software irá influenciar a capacidade da equipe de software em manter seu equilíbrio interno, através de processos autorregulatórios e do relacionamento interpessoal entre seus integrantes. O constructo é resultado da combinação de dois fatores: (1) sentimento dos integrantes em se sentirem parte do todo; (2) atuação conjunta da equipe ao se comportar de forma coordenada e integrada. A teoria propõe a existência de cinco tipos principais de coesão dentro das equipes de software que variam de acordo com as dimensões sociais e profissionais: coesão integral, coesão social, coesão profissional, coesão artificial e incoesão. Por fim, a teoria identifica cinco resultados da coesão na equipe, entre eles: manutenção do equilíbrio; capacidade de adaptação e efetividade. Em paralelo, a coesão se reflete no individuo de seis formas, destacando, aderência aos processos; permanência na equipe e tolerância a períodos de turbulência. Conclusão: A teoria construída sobre coesão em equipes de engenharia de software será útil na gestão da dinâmica das equipes de engenharia de software, oferecendo parâmetros para diagnosticar a situação das equipes e oferecendo estratégias de como influenciar a coesão e seus impactos.<br>Context: Software engineering is a discipline of technical and social nature, based on strong interaction between individual, social, and technical factors. Conceptually, the social aspects of software engineering include the way people interact, behave, and organize, because the vast majority of software systems are developed in team. Among the possible predictors of team performance, one of the most studied factors in various areas of knowledge, is team cohesion. Nevertheless, researches on cohesion in software engineering is still inconclusive. Objective: The main goal of this thesis is to build a substantive theory that explains the phenomenon of cohesion within software engineering teams. We answer the Central Research Question: "What are the characteristics of cohesion within software engineering teams?” Method: We adopt the Grounded Theory as method of data collection and analysis to answer the research question. This method aims at collecting, summarizing and analyzing field data to derive a theory based on them. Data collection and analysis were performed interchangeably. Carefully designed process was followed to ensure the reliability of the research: triangulation of data through multiple sources of evidence (interviews, observation, questionnaire), and writing memos and field diary. Results: Cohesion of software teams will influence the software team's ability to maintain its internal balance through self-regulatory processes and interpersonal relationships among its members. The construct is the result of the combination of two factors: (1) feeling of members to feel part of the whole; (2) joint efforts of the team members to behave in a coordinated and integrated manner. The theory proposes five main types of cohesion within software teams that vary according to the social and professional dimensions: full cohesion, social cohesion, professional cohesion, artificial cohesion and lack of cohesion. Finally, the theory identifies five results of cohesion in the team, including: maintaining balance; adaptability and effectiveness. In parallel, the cohesion is reflected in the individual of six ways, highlighting: adherence to processes; stay on the team and turbulence tolerance. Conclusion: The theory built on cohesion in software engineering teams will be useful in managing the dynamics of software engineering teams, providing parameters to diagnose the situation of teams and offering strategies to influence cohesion and its impacts.
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Webb, Brian Robert. "Action in context - context in action : towards a grounded theory of software design." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2001. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1317550/.
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This thesis develops a model and a theory of software design. Thirty-two transcripts of interviews with software designers were analysed using the Grounded Theory method. The first set of sixteen interviews drawn from the field of Digital Interactive Multimedia (Data-set A) was used to develop the model and theory, the second set of sixteen interviews drawn from one source of technical literature (Data-set B) was used to test and enhance the initial outcomes. Final outcomes are then grounded in the general literature on problem solving and design. The model is concerned to capture a rich, holistic picture of software design. It is descriptive rather than prescriptive, concerned to capture how software design is done rather than advocate how it ought to be done. The theory is a development of the model and is presented initially as a theoretical framework and then as a series of propositions. The theoretical framework is a function of the juxtaposition of specific properties or attributes of the "core category", which uniquely explains the phenomenon. Its outcome is four design scenarios. Each scenario is of interest as an explanation of software design practice but two scenarios wherein such practice does not "fit" the design context are of most interest. It is argued that these scenarios can be used to identify and explain design breakdowns. Finally, the thesis purports to explicate the "Meta-process" - the process through which the inductive model and theory was developed. This is an unusual objective for a piece of IS research but valid nonetheless and significant, given the complexity of the research method used and the dearth of good process accounts in the IS literature and elsewhere.
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Giardino, Carmine, and Nicolò Paternoster. "Software Development in Startup Companies." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för datavetenskap och kommunikation, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-3652.
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Context: Software startups are newly created companies with no operating history and are extremely fast in producing cutting-edge technologies. These companies develop software un- der highly uncertain conditions, tackling fast growing markets with severe lack of resources. Startups present an unique combination of characteristics which pose several challenges to the software development activities, creating interesting problems for software engineers. However, despite the increasing economical importance and the high failure rate, there are only a few sci- entific studies attempting to address software engineering (SE) issues, especially for early-stages startups. In a context where a wrong decision can easily lead the entire business to failure, the support of SE can contribute to foster performances of startups and making a big impact on a large number of companies. Objective: In view of a lack of primary studies, the first step to attending the software development strategies with scientific and engineering approaches is by an understanding of the startups’ behavior. For this reason this research aims to understand how software development strategies are engineered by practitioners, in the period of time that goes from idea conception to the first open beta release of the software product. Methods: This research combines a systematic review of the state-of-the-art with a cross- sectional case study conducted in 13 web startups recently founded and distributed in di↵erent geographic areas and market sectors. A grounded theory approach guided the execution of a sys- tematic mapping study, integrated with semi-structured interviews and follow-up questionnaires to explore the state-of-practice. Results: We selected, classified and evaluated 37 relevant studies. The systematic review revealed that the studies which constitute the body of knowledge are generally not rigorously designed and executed, make use of inconsistent terminology, and cover only small samples of startups. Moreover, we extrapolated concepts from the case study to form a theoretical model, explaining the underlying phenomenon of software development in early-stage startups. The model is grounded in the empirical data and its explanatory power was further validated through a systematic procedure. Finally we proposed a multi-faceted evolutionary model to describe the dynamics of the software development after the first product release. Conclusions: The research provided a wide set of evidences fostering the understanding of how software development is structured and executed, from idea conception to the first release. The results revealed the urgent priority of startups of releasing the product as quickly as possi- ble to verify the product/market fit and to adjust the business and product trajectory according to the early collected user feedbacks. Nevertheless, the initial gain obtained in speeding-up the development by low-precision and product-centric engineering activities is counterbalanced by the need of restructuring the product and the workflows before setting o↵ for further grow. In fact, when user requests and company’s size start to increase startups face an initial and temporary drop-down in productivity, creating the need of mitigation strategies to find a sweet spot between being fast enough to enter the market early while controlling the amount of accu- mulated technical debt. The conclusions can be generalized with a good degree of confidence to the majority of early-stage software startups involved in the production of innovative products, especially for web and mobile applications.
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Reigado, Carolina Rodrigues. "Strategies and habits for adapting the plan in agile teams: a grounded theory and improvisation perspective." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18156/tde-17122018-090903/.
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The ability of agile teams to adapt the project plan to unexpected problems is still a less-researched area. They must change the project plans as facing unexpected challenges and, even though existing studies relate some aspects to this ability, such as participatory decision-making, openness to discuss problems in an immediate sense and focus on actions to be taken in near future, these studies do not yet offer a complete theory, or set of practices, about how adaptation takes place. What actions and decisions of the team allow for adaptation? Improvisation is an approach that could potentially fill this gap and consists of someone executing an action without previously planning it, or doing it differently from the original plan, when facing a problem. This study presents an investigation of how agile teams adapt when facing unexpected changes or problems during the projects. The concept of improvisation is used and the study involved two agile software development teams and using Grounded Theory (GT). The results indicate that the teams apply different improvisation strategies, such as breaking standard work rules, as well as maintain habits that contribute positively to improvisation. Clients also play an important role in helping teams solve unexpected problems and should be invited to collaborate. These results can be used to assist professionals in search of more effectiveness in agile teams in terms of adapting the plan during the project.<br>A habilidade de os times ágeis adaptarem o plano do projeto de acordo com problemas inesperados ainda é uma área de pesquisa pouco explorada. Essas equipes precisam ser capazes de adaptar o plano do projeto quando se deparam com desafios inesperados e, ainda que os estudos relacionem alguns aspectos a essa habilidade, como tomada de decisão participativa, abertura para discutir problemas de imediato e foco em ações de curto prazo, os estudos ainda não oferecem uma teoria completa ou conjunto de práticas que descrevam como, de fato, a adaptação acontece. Quais ações e decisões do time lhe garantem a capacidade de adaptação? A improvisação é uma abordagem interessante para compreender esse gap, e consiste em executar uma ação sem previamente planejá-la, ou de uma maneira diferente do que a planejada, quando da ocorrência de um problema ou mudança inesperada. Esse estudo apresenta uma investigação da adaptação em projetos ágeis quando as equipes se deparam com mudanças ou problemas inesperados. O conceito da improvisação é usado e o estudo envolveu dois times ágeis que desenvolvem software, e utilizando o método Grounded theory (GT). Os resultados indicam que os times utilizam diferentes estratégias de improvisação, como quebrar regras de trabalho, assim como mantem hábitos que contribuem positivamente para a improvisação. O cliente também desempenha um papel importante ao ajudar os times a resolverem problemas inesperados, e portanto devem ser convidados a colaborar. Esses resultados podem ser usados para auxiliar profissionais no sentido de obter-se times ágeis mais efetivos na adaptação do plano durante o projeto.
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McGinn, Michelle Katherine. "Researching problem solving in software design, mathematics, and statistical consulting, from qualitative case studies to grounded theory." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ51899.pdf.
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Zelazny, Lucian M. "Toward a Theory of Information System Development Success: Perceptions of Software Development Team Members." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28014.
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This dissertation increases our understanding of information system project success by investigating how software development team members define the success of an information system development effort. The theoretical model of ISD success is developed and tested. ISD success is measured through the eyes of the software development team membersâ since they are the most influential stakeholders during the development of the system.
This dissertation was conducted in two phases: 1) theory building and 2) theory testing. The theory building phase began with a thorough literature review. Semi-structured interviews were conducted and the data analyzed to add emergent concepts to the model. The result of the theory building phase is the theoretical model of ISD success.
The theory testing stage began with the development and validation of a survey instrument to measure the constructs and subconstructs found within the theoretical model of ISD success. Data was collected and the model tested using partial least squares regression. The findings indicate that software development team members view ISD success as being composed of process quality, functional product quality, non-functional product quality, team member benefits, and team member satisfaction. Team member satisfaction is highly influenced by team member benefits, moderately influenced by functional product quality and slightly influence by non-functional product quality and process quality.
Software development team members view process quality as being composed of within budget and process maturity; non-functional product as being composed of reliability, usability, testability, and efficiency; team member benefits as being composed of learning and teamwork; and team member satisfaction as being composed of product satisfaction, process satisfaction, and personal satisfaction. Software development team members do not view on time as a significant contributor to their definition of process quality; they do not view modifiability, portability, or reusability as significant contributors to their definition of non-functional product quality; and they do not view recognition as a significant contributor to team member benefits.<br>Ph. D.
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Sobral, Larissa de Alencar. "GT4CCI: uma abordagem baseada em grounded theory para a identifica??o de interesses transversais em documentos de requisitos." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2013. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/18079.
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Previous issue date: 2013-02-05<br>Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior<br>When crosscutting concerns identification is performed from the beginning of
development, on the activities involved in requirements engineering, there are many
gains in terms of quality, cost and efficiency throughout the lifecycle of software
development. This early identification supports the evolution of requirements,
detects possible flaws in the requirements specification, improves traceability among
requirements, provides better software modularity and prevents possible rework.
However, despite these several advantages, the crosscutting concerns identification
over requirements engineering faces several difficulties such as the lack of
systematization and tools that support it. Furthermore, it is difficult to justify why
some concerns are identified as crosscutting or not, since this identification is, most
often, made without any methodology that systematizes and bases it. In this context,
this paper proposes an approach based on Grounded Theory, called GT4CCI, for
systematizing and basing the process of identifying crosscutting concerns in the
initial stages of the software development process in the requirements document.
Grounded Theory is a renowned methodology for qualitative analysis of data.
Through the use of GT4CCI it is possible to better understand, track and document
concerns, adding gains in terms of quality, reliability and modularity of the entire
lifecycle of software<br>Quando a identifica??o de interesses transversais ? feita desde o princ?pio do
processo de desenvolvimento de software, ainda nas atividades relacionadas ?
Engenharia de Requisitos, muitos s?o os ganhos em termos de qualidade, custo e
efici?ncia ao longo do ciclo de vida do software. Esta identifica??o precoce d? suporte
? evolu??o de requisitos, detecta poss?veis falhas na especifica??o de requisitos,
melhora a rastreabilidade entre os requisitos, proporciona uma melhor
modulariza??o de software e previne poss?veis retrabalhos. Entretanto, apesar de
todas estas vantagens, a identifica??o de interesses enfrenta diversas dificuldades,
tais como a falta de sistematiza??o e de ferramentas que a ofere?am um bom suporte.
Al?m disto, ? dif?cil, muitas vezes, justificar as raz?es pelas quais alguns interesses
s?o ou n?o considerados transversais, uma vez que esta identifica??o ?, na maioria
das vezes, feita sem qualquer metodologia que a sistematize e a embase. Neste
contexto, este trabalho prop?e uma abordagem baseada nos princ?pios da Grounded
Theory, chamada GT4CCI, que sistematiza e embasa o processo de identifica??o de
interesses transversais nas etapas mais iniciais do processo de desenvolvimento de
software, utilizando o documento de requisitos como artefato para a identifica??o.
Grounded Theory ? uma renomada metodologia para a an?lise qualitativa de dados.
Atrav?s do uso da abordagem GT4CCI ? poss?vel melhor compreender, rastrear e
documentar interesses, adicionando assim ganhos em termos de qualidade,
confiabilidade e modulariza??o ? todo o ciclo de vida do software
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Barbieri, Sergio Luis. "Teste de software na indústria: um estudo qualitativo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/100/100131/tde-12062018-115510/.
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Em projetos de desenvolvimento a qualidade do produto de software é fundamental para o seu sucesso. Uma das etapas que busca garantir a qualidade do produto final é a validação, verificação e teste (VV&T). O teste é uma das atividades chave de VV&T realizada para garantir a qualidade. Técnicas de teste foram desenvolvidas para verificar e validar tanto requisitos funcionais como não funcionais. Além disso, essas técnicas são aplicadas nas organizações por meio de estratégias que definem os tipos de teste que serão realizados, a ordem de realização, a sua automatização e a frequência de ocorrência. Uma questão importante é verificar como essa atividade é realizada na indústria de software, como essas técnicas são utilizadas e a sua adoção em organizações desenvolvedoras de software. Este trabalho apresenta uma pesquisa qualitativa da atividade de teste. Ela utilizou a técnica teoria fundamentada aplicada em cinco empresas desenvolvedoras de software para estabelecer uma teoria da atividade de teste. Foram realizadas entrevistas com gestores de teste das empresas e, a partir dessas entrevistas, foi desenvolvido uma teoria sobre a organização da atividade de teste. Nesta teoria, observou-se que a estrutura organizacional direciona a escolha das técnicas e ferramentas, bem como o tipo do sistema; o prazo e orçamento condicionam a utilização de técnicas de automatização<br>In development projects the quality of the software product is critical to its success. One of the steps that enforces the quality of the final product is validation, verification and testing (VV&T). Testing is one of the key VV&T activities to ensure quality. Testing techniques were developed to verify and validate both functional and non-functional requirements. In addition, these techniques are applied in organizations using strategies that define the testing techniques that will be performed, the order of application, their automation and the frequency of occurrence. An important issue is to verify how testing is carried out in the software industry, how these techniques are used and their adoption in industrial settings. This work presents a qualitative research of the testing activity. It used the grounded theory technique applied in five software development organizations to establish a model of the testing activity. Interviews were conducted with testing managers and, from these interviews, an organizational theory of the testing activity was developed. In this theory, it was observed that the organizational structure directs the choice of techniques and tools, as well as the type of the system; project schedule and budget limit the use of automation techniques
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Santos, Davi Viana dos. "Uma pesquisa sobre a influência dos aspectos humanos em programas de melhoria de processo de software." Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 2011. http://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/2967.
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Previous issue date: 2011-07-21<br>CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico<br>Several factors can influence the success of Software Process Improvement (SPI)
programs. Results from previous research have shown that human and social aspects
influence these programs in different ways. For this reason, it is important to analyze the
human aspects involved on SPI programs to gain a better understanding about their
influence on such programs. This thesis presents a research about human aspects influences
in software process improvement. In this work, we analyze the major findings of a
qualitative research conducted in three different phases to analyze which factors were most
influential from view-point of the professionals working in the organizations. Our ultimate
goal is to deepen the understanding about how human aspects can influence a SPI program
in order to help in the success of future SPI implementation.<br>Diversos fatores podem influenciar o sucesso de um programa de Melhoria de
Processo de Software (MPS). Os resultados de pesquisas anteriores mostram que vários
desses fatores são de natureza humana e social. Por esta razão, é importante analisar os
aspectos humanos envolvidos a fim de obter uma maior compreensão da influência destes
em um programa MPS. Esta dissertação apresenta uma pesquisa sobre a influência dos
aspectos humanos em Programas de MPS. Neste trabalho são analisados os principais
resultados de uma pesquisa qualitativa conduzida em três diferentes fases para analisar
quais fatores tiveram maior influência do ponto de vista dos colaboradores das
organizações. O objetivo final é aprofundar a compreensão dos aspectos humanos que
podem influenciar um programa de MPS com a finalidade de auxiliar no sucesso de futuros
programas de melhoria.
Books on the topic "Software grounded theory"
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Neri de Souza, Francislê, and Dayse Neri de Souza. Como a Tecnologia Poderia ser Aplicada para a Análise Qualitativa com Base na Teoria Fundamentada (Grounded Theory)? Ludomedia, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36367/ntqr.10.2022.e537.
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A teoria fundamentada foi proposta na década de sessenta e, desde então, tem sido modificada e adaptada nas mais diferentes áreas de estudo e técnicas de análise qualitativa. Neste artigo, iremos propor a integração das tecnologias para a análise qualitativa mais eficaz com base nos procedimentos da teoria fundamentada (Grounded Theory, GT). Para isso, propomos a integração do software webQDA® para os procedimentos de codificação aberta, axial e seletiva da GT entre várias vantagens operacionais e analítica. Assim, iremos apresentar uma discussão teórica sobre os fundamentos da teoria fundamentada e suas variações ao longo das últimas décadas. Depois introduziremos o software webQDA® e como ele pode ser usado em sete etapas transversais as várias necessidades analíticas que utilizam os pressupostos da GT: 1º) Preparação das fontes por ciclo de análise; 2º) Codificação Aberta; 3º) Codificação Axial, 4º) Codificação Seletiva; 5ª) Depuração da Codificação Aberta através da “Pesquisa das Palavras frequentes” e “Pesquisa de Texto”; 6º) Repetição dos Passos 3 e 4 para aprofundamento da Codificação; 7º) Triangulação da Informação com as matrizes. Embora não seja o foco deste artigo, estas etapas têm sido aplicadas em diversas investigações que integram a GT com apoio do software webQDA®.
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Kanaga, David. Ecooperatic Music Game Theory. Edited by Roger T. Dean and Alex McLean. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190226992.013.11.
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Computer games can be approached as musical forms. Considered in this light, they operate on a number of scales that are typically considered hierarchically distinct, functioning at once as instrument, composition, notation, robotic musician(s), and ecosystem or ‘total music space’. The totalizing image is central, as the marriage of musics with games grants us the possibility of composing software experiences as ‘total artworks’, operatic toys assembled from a diverse set of interactive and deterministic algorithmic components. This understanding of games is grounded in the concept of ‘affordances’, as drawn from ecological psychology and explicitly contrasted with the totalizing psychosocial economism implied by game theory’s rational agents. The purpose of this chapter is to attempt a description of computer games in such a way as to aid in conceptualizing a pluralistic ecological ‘totality’ vis-à-vis the computer game medium’s essential musicality.
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Hildebrandt, Mireille. Law for Computer Scientists and Other Folk. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198860877.001.0001.
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This book introduces law to computer scientists. Computer scientists develop, protect, and maintain computing systems in the broad sense of that term, whether hardware, software, or data. They may be focused on e.g. digital security, or on embedded systems, or on software science. The aim of this book is to convey the internal logic of legal practice, firmly grounded in legal theory. It attempts to bridge the gap between two scientific practices, and probe the middle ground to present a reasonably coherent picture of the grammar and vocabulary of law and the rule of law. This attempt is geared toward those with no wish to become lawyers but who are nevertheless forced to consider the salience of legal rights and obligations. Simultaneously, this book aims to help lawyers to review their own trade. It is a volume on law in an onlife world, presenting a coherent picture of how modern law operates, how it emerged in the context of printed text, and how it confronts its new, data-driven environment.
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Moore, Geoff. Virtue at Work. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198793441.001.0001.
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Virtue at Work is about good organizations, good managers, and good people, and how these can contribute to good communities. It is aimed at practitioners—principally managers at all levels and in all kinds of organizations. It provides an integrated and philosophically grounded framework which enables a coherent approach to organizations and organizational ethics from the perspective of practitioners in the workplace, of managers in organizations, as well as of organizations themselves. The philosophical grounding comes from the work of the philosopher Alasdair MacIntyre. In line with MacIntyre’s own commitments, the book makes philosophy down to earth and practical. It provides a new way of understanding ethics and organizations which is both realistic and attractive, but also challenging. It also provides tough but realistic suggestions in order to put this approach into practice. Virtue at Work not only applies theory in a readable and compelling manner, but also shows how this has been applied to a wide variety of organizations and occupations. Examples are drawn from architecture, accounting, human resource management, banking, investment advising, open source software, health and beauty retailing, pharmaceuticals, garment manufacturing, Fair Trade, car manufacturing, symphony orchestras, circuses, jazz, the UK’s National Health Service, surgery, nursing, churches, and journalism. If you are entirely happy with the way the world is, including your experience of organizations as an employee or manager, then this book is not for you. If, however, you have even the slightest hesitation when reflecting on life, management, or organizations…read on.
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Parkin, Jack. Money Code Space. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197515075.001.0001.
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Newly emerging cryptocurrencies and blockchain technology present a challenging research problem in the field of digital politics and economics. Bitcoin—the first widely implemented cryptocurrency and blockchain architecture—seemingly separates itself from the existing territorial boundedness of nation-state money via a process of algorithmic decentralisation. Proponents declare that the utilisation of cryptography to advance financial transactions will disrupt the modern centralised structures by which capitalist economies are currently organised: corporations, governments, commercial banks, and central banks. Allegedly, software can create a more stable and democratic global economy; a world free from hierarchy and control. In Money Code Space, Jack Parkin debunks these utopian claims by approaching distributed ledger technologies as a spatial and social problem where power forms unevenly across their networks. First-hand accounts of online communities, open-source software governance, infrastructural hardware operations, and Silicon Valley start-up culture are used to ground understandings of cryptocurrencies in the “real world.” Consequently, Parkin demonstrates how Bitcoin and other blockchains are produced across a multitude of tessellated spaces from which certain stakeholders exercise considerable amounts of power over their networks. While money, code, and space are certainly transformed by distributed ledgers, algorithmic decentralisation is rendered inherently paradoxical because it is predicated upon centralised actors, practices, and forces.
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Fried, Andrea, ed. Understanding Deviance in a World of Standards. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198833888.001.0001.
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Standards have become widespread regulatory tools that promote global trade, innovation, efficiency, and quality. They contribute significantly to the creation of safe, reliable, and high-quality services and technologies to ensure human health, environmental protection, or information security. Yet intentional deviations from standards by organizations are often reported in many sectors, which can either contribute to or challenge the measures of safety and quality they are designed to safeguard. Why then, despite all potential consequences, do organizations choose to deviate from standards in one way or another? This book uses structuration theory—covering aspects of both structure and agency—to explore the organizational conditions and contradictions under which different types of deviance occur. It also provides empirical explanations for deviance in organizations that go beyond an understanding of individual misbehaviour where mainly a single person is held responsible. Case studies of software developing organizations illustrate insightful generalizations on standards as a mechanism of sensemaking, resource allocation, and sanctioning, and provide ground to rethink corporate responsibility when deviating from standards in the ‘audit society’.
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Metta, Giorgio. Humans and humanoids. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199674923.003.0047.
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This chapter outlines a number of research lines that, starting from the observation of nature, attempt to mimic human behavior in humanoid robots. Humanoid robotics is one of the most exciting proving grounds for the development of biologically inspired hardware and software—machines that try to recreate billions of years of evolution with some of the abilities and characteristics of living beings. Humanoids could be especially useful for their ability to “live” in human-populated environments, occupying the same physical space as people and using tools that have been designed for people. Natural human–robot interaction is also an important facet of humanoid research. Finally, learning and adapting from experience, the hallmark of human intelligence, may require some approximation to the human body in order to attain similar capacities to humans. This chapter focuses particularly on compliant actuation, soft robotics, biomimetic robot vision, robot touch, and brain-inspired motor control in the context of the iCub humanoid robot.
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Erkollar, Alptekin, ed. Enterprise & Business Management. Tectum – ein Verlag in der Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783828872301.
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Organizations have always been dependent on communication, information, technology and their management. The development of information technology has sped up the importance of management information systems, which is an emerging discipline combining various aspects of informatics, information technology, and business management. Understanding the impact of information on today’s organizations requires technological and managerial views, which are both offered by management information systems. Business management is not only about generating greater returns and using new technologies for developing businesses to reach future goals. Business management also means generating better revenue performance if plans are diligently followed. It is part of business management to have an ear to the ground of global economic trends, changing environmental conditions and preferences, as well as the behavior of value chain partners. While, until now, business management and management information systems are mostly treated as independent fields, this publication takes an interest in the cooperation of the two. Its contributions focus on both research areas and practical approaches, in turn showing novelties in the area of enterprise and business management. Main topics covered in this book are technology management, software engineering, knowledge management, innovation management and social media management. This book adopts an international view, combines theory and practice, and is authored for researchers, lecturers, students as well as consultants and practitioners.
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Bauer, William I. Music Learning Today. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197503706.001.0001.
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Grounded in a research-based, conceptual model called Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPACK), the essential premise of Music Learning Today: Digital Pedagogy for Creating, Performing, and Responding to Music is that music educators and their students can benefit through use of technology as a tool to support learning in the three musical processes—creating, performing, and responding to music. Insights on how technology can be used to advantage in both traditional and emerging learning environments are provided, and research-based pedagogical approaches that align technologies with specific curricular outcomes are described. Importantly, the book advocates that the decision on whether or not to utilize technology for learning, and the specific technology that might be best suited for a particular learning context, should begin with a consideration of curricular outcomes (music subject matter). This is in sharp contrast to most other books on music technology that are technocentric, organized around specific software applications and hardware. The book also recognizes that knowing how to effectively use the technological tools to maximize learning (pedagogy) is a crucial aspect of the teaching-learning process. Drawing on the research and promising practices literature in music education and related fields, pedagogical approaches that are aligned with curricular outcomes and specific technologies are suggested. It is not a “how to” book per se, but rather a text informed by the latest research, theories of learning, and documented best practices, with the goal of helping teachers develop the ability to understand the dynamics of effectively using technology for music learning.
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Baobaid, Mohammed, Lynda Ashbourne, Abdallah Badahdah, and Abir Al Jamal. Home / Publications / Pre and Post Migration Stressors and Marital Relations among Arab Refugee Families in Canada Pre and Post Migration Stressors and Marital Relations among Arab Refugee Families in Canada. 2nd ed. Hamad Bin Khalifa University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5339/difi_9789927137983.
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The study is funded by Doha International Family Institute (DIFI), a member of Qatar Foundation, and is a collaboration between the Muslim Resource Centre for Social Support and Integration of London, Ontario; University of Guelph, Ontario; and University of Calgary, Alberta, all located in Canada; and the Doha International Family Institute, Qatar. The study received research ethics approval from the University of Guelph and the University of Calgary. This study aims to assess the impact of pre- and post-migration on marital relationships and family dynamics for Arab refugee families resettled in Canada. The study also examines the role of professional service providers in supporting these Arab refugee families. The unique experiences of Arab families displaced from their countries due to war and political conflict, and the various hardships experienced during their stay in transit countries, impact their family relations and interactions within the nuclear family context and their interconnectedness with their extended families. Furthermore, these families encounter various challenges within their resettlement process that interrupt their integration. Understanding the impact of traumatic experiences within the pre-migration journey as well as the impact of post-migration stressors on recently settled Arab refugee families in Canada provides insight into the shift in spousal and family relationships. Refugee research studies that focus on the impact of pre-migration trauma and displacement, the migration journey, and post-migration settlement on family relationships are scarce. Since the majority of global refugees in recent years come from Arab regions, mainly Syria, as a result of armed conflicts, this study is focused on the unique experiences of Arab refugee families fleeing conflict zones. The Canadian role in recently resettling a large influx of Arab refugees and assisting them to successfully integrate has not been without challenges. Traumatic pre-migration experiences as a result of being subjected to and/or witnessing violence, separation from and loss of family members, and loss of property and social status coupled with experiences of hardships in transit countries have a profound impact on families and their integration. Refugees are subjected to individual and collective traumatic experiences associated with cultural or ethnic disconnection, mental health struggles, and discrimination and racism. These experiences have been shown to impact family interactions. Arab refugee families have different definitions of “family” and “home” from Eurocentric conceptualizations which are grounded in individualistic worldviews. The discrepancy between collectivism and individualism is mainly recognized by collectivist newcomers as challenges in the areas of gender norms, expectations regarding parenting and the physical discipline of children, and diverse aspects of the family’s daily life. For this study, we interviewed 30 adults, all Arab refugees (14 Syrian and 16 Iraqi – 17 males, 13 females) residing in London, Ontario, Canada for a period of time ranging from six months to seven years. The study participants were married couples with and without children. During the semi-structured interviews, the participants were asked to reflect on their family life during pre-migration – in the country of origin before and during the war and in the transit country – and post-migration in Canada. The inter - views were conducted in Arabic, audio-recorded, and transcribed. We also conducted one focus group with seven service providers from diverse sectors in London, Ontario who work with Arab refugee families. The study used the underlying principles of constructivist grounded theory methodology to guide interviewing and a thematic analysis was performed. MAXQDA software was used to facilitate coding and the identification of key themes within the transcribed interviews. We also conducted a thematic analysis of the focus group transcription. The thematic analysis of the individual interviews identified four key themes: • Gender role changes influence spousal relationships; • Traumatic experiences bring suffering and resilience to family well-being; • Levels of marital conflict are higher following post-migration settlement; • Post-migration experiences challenge family values. The outcome of the thematic analysis of the service provider focus group identified three key themes: • The complex needs of newly arrived Arab refugee families; • Gaps in the services available to Arab refugee families; • Key aspects of training for cultural competencies. The key themes from the individual interviews demonstrate: (i) the dramatic sociocul - tural changes associated with migration that particularly emphasize different gender norms; (ii) the impact of trauma and the refugee experience itself on family relation - ships and personal well-being; (iii) the unique and complex aspects of the family journey; and (iv) how valued aspects of cultural and religious values and traditions are linked in complex ways for these Arab refugee families. These outcomes are consist - ent with previous studies. The study finds that women were strongly involved in supporting their spouses in every aspect of family life and tried to maintain their spouses’ tolerance towards stressors. The struggles of husbands to fulfill their roles as the providers and protec - tors throughout the migratory journey were evident. Some parents experienced role shifts that they understood to be due to the unstable conditions in which they were living but these changes were considered to be temporary. Despite the diversity of refugee family experiences, they shared some commonalities in how they experi - enced changes that were frightening for families, as well as some that enhanced safety and stability. These latter changes related to safety were welcomed by these fami - lies. Some of these families reported that they sought professional help, while others dealt with changes by becoming more distant in their marital relationship. The risk of violence increased as the result of trauma, integration stressors, and escalation in marital issues. These outcomes illustrate the importance of taking into consideration the complexity of the integration process in light of post-trauma and post-migration changes and the timespan each family needs to adjust and integrate. Moreover, these families expressed hope for a better future for their children and stated that they were willing to accept change for the sake of their children as well. At the same time, these parents voiced the significance of preserving their cultural and religious values and beliefs. The service providers identified gaps in service provision to refugee families in some key areas. These included the unpreparedness of professionals and insufficiency of the resources available for newcomer families from all levels of government. This was particularly relevant in the context of meeting the needs of the large influx of Syrian refugees who were resettled in Canada within the period of November 2015 to January 2017. Furthermore, language skills and addressing trauma needs were found to require more than one year to address. The service providers identified that a longer time span of government assistance for these families was necessary. In terms of training, the service providers pinpointed the value of learning more about culturally appropriate interventions and receiving professional development to enhance their work with refugee families. In light of these findings, we recommend an increased use of culturally integrative interventions and programs to provide both formal and informal support for families within their communities. Furthermore, future research that examines the impact of culturally-based training, cultural brokers, and various culturally integrative practices will contribute to understanding best practices. These findings with regard to refugee family relationships and experiences are exploratory in their nature and support future research that extends understanding in the area of spousal relationships, inter - generational stressors during adolescence, and parenting/gender role changes.
Book chapters on the topic "Software grounded theory"
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Verdecchia, Roberto, Philippe Kruchten, and Patricia Lago. "Architectural Technical Debt: A Grounded Theory." In Software Architecture. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58923-3_14.
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Heinz, Jana. "QDA-Software zur Analyse in Grounded-Theory-Studien." In Palliative Care und Forschung. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-28632-3_4.
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Coleman, Gerry, and Rory O’Connor. "Software Process in Practice: A Grounded Theory of the Irish Software Industry." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11908562_4.
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Martin, Angela, Robert Biddle, and James Noble. "An Ideal Customer: A Grounded Theory of Requirements Elicitation, Communication and Acceptance on Agile Projects." In Agile Software Development. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12575-1_6.
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Mohallel, Amr A., and Julian M. Bass. "Agile Software Development Practices in Egypt SMEs: A Grounded Theory Investigation." In IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18400-1_29.
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Tyagi, Sulabh, Ritu Sibal, and Bharti Suri. "Adopting Test Automation on Agile Development Projects: A Grounded Theory Study of Indian Software Organizations." In Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57633-6_12.
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Rafiq, Usman, and Xiaofeng Wang. "Continuous Information Monitoring in Software Startups." In Agile Processes in Software Engineering and Extreme Programming – Workshops. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58858-8_29.
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Abstract Software startups are central nowadays and considered primary drivers of economy and innovation. Lean and agile approaches are suggested for software startups to continuously build and validate the product. Thereby, they need to balance between the speed to deliver product and the quality of the product. It further urges startups to continuously monitor the versatile information, adjust their directions, and keep the bird’s-eye view. However, the preliminary literature review highlights that software startups, especially at the early stages, are not even aware of the need for information monitoring. This research project aims to identify how software startups decide what information needs to be monitored. The research plan proposes to utilize multiple case-study and surveys as data collection methods while grounded theory and factor analysis as data analysis procedures. Overall, both qualitative and quantitative research methods are expected to be implemented. The prospective research results encompass a framework to decide what information needs to be continuously monitored.
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Niedbalski, Jakub, and Izabela Ślęzak. "Use of Selected CAQDA Software Examples in a Research Project Based on the Grounded Theory Methodology." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31787-4_4.
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Nascimento, Debora Maria Coelho, Christina von Flach Garcia Chavez, and Roberto Almeida Bittencourt. "Does FLOSS in Software Engineering Education Narrow the Theory-Practice Gap? A Study Grounded on Students’ Perception." In IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20883-7_14.
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Li, Nianyu, Mingyue Zhang, Eunsuk Kang, and David Garlan. "Engineering Secure Self-Adaptive Systems with Bayesian Games." In Fundamental Approaches to Software Engineering. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71500-7_7.
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AbstractSecurity attacks present unique challenges to self-adaptive system design due to the adversarial nature of the environment. Game theory approaches have been explored in security to model malicious behaviors and design reliable defense for the system in a mathematically grounded manner. However, modeling the system as a single player, as done in prior works, is insufficient for the system under partial compromise and for the design of fine-grained defensive strategies where the rest of the system with autonomy can cooperate to mitigate the impact of attacks. To deal with such issues, we propose a new self-adaptive framework incorporating Bayesian game theory and model the defender (i.e., the system) at the granularity ofcomponents. Under security attacks, the architecture model of the system is translated into aBayesian multi-player game, where each component is explicitly modeled as an independent player while security attacks are encoded as variant types for the components. The optimal defensive strategy for the system is dynamically computed by solving the pure equilibrium (i.e., adaptation response) to achieve the best possible system utility, improving the resiliency of the system against security attacks. We illustrate our approach using an example involving load balancing and a case study on inter-domain routing.
Conference papers on the topic "Software grounded theory"
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Treude, Christoph. "Session details: Grounded theory." In SPLASH '10: Systems Programming Languages and Applications: Software for Humanity. ACM, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3251235.
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Treude, Christoph. "Session details: Grounded theory." In SPLASH '10: Systems Programming Languages and Applications: Software for Humanity. ACM, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3251232.
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Stol, Klaas-Jan, Paul Ralph, and Brian Fitzgerald. "Grounded theory in software engineering research." In ICSE '16: 38th International Conference on Software Engineering. ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2884781.2884833.
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Hoda, Rashina. "Decoding Grounded Theory for Software Engineering." In 2021 IEEE/ACM 43rd International Conference on Software Engineering: Companion Proceedings (ICSE-Companion). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icse-companion52605.2021.00139.
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Sharma, Richa, and K. K. Biswas. "Functional Requirements Categorization - Grounded Theory Approach." In 10th International Conference on Evaluation of Novel Software Approaches to Software Engineering. SCITEPRESS - Science and and Technology Publications, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0005472103010307.
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Pang, Candy, Abram Hindle, and Denilson Barbosa. "Understanding DevOps education with Grounded theory." In ICSE '20: 42nd International Conference on Software Engineering. ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3377812.3390808.
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Pang, Candy, Abram Hindle, and Denilson Barbosa. "Understanding devops education with grounded theory." In ICSE '20: 42nd International Conference on Software Engineering. ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3377814.3381711.
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Gidey, Habtom Kahsay, Diego Marmsoler, and Jonas Eckhardt. "Grounded Architectures: Using Grounded Theory for the Design of Software Architectures." In 2017 IEEE International Conference on Software Architecture Workshops (ICSAW). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsaw.2017.41.
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Melegati, Jorge, and Alfredo Goldman. "Requirements Engineering in Software Startups: a Grounded Theory Approach." In 2016 International Conference on Engineering, Technology and Innovation/IEEE lnternational Technology Management Conference (ICE/ITMC}. IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ice/itmc39735.2016.9026036.
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Montoni, Mariano Angel, and Ana Regina Rocha. "Applying Grounded Theory to Understand Software Process Improvement Implementation." In 2010 Seventh International Conference on the Quality of Information and Communications Technology (QUATIC). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/quatic.2010.20.
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