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Journal articles on the topic 'Software licenses'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Atal, Vidya, and Kameshwari Shankar. "Developers’ Incentives and Open-Source Software Licensing: GPL vs BSD." B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy 15, no. 3 (July 1, 2015): 1381–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bejeap-2014-0007.

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Abstract One of the puzzling aspects of open-source software (OSS) development is its public good nature. Individual developers contribute to developing the software, but do not hold the copyright to appropriate its value. This raises questions regarding motives behind such effort. We provide an integrated model of developers’ incentives to describe OSS development and compare restrictive OSS licenses that force all modifications to be kept open with non-restrictive OSS licenses that allow proprietary ownership of modified works. Different incentives govern effort provision at different stages of the software development process. We show that open-source licenses can provide socially valuable software when a proprietary license fails to do so. We also show that restrictive OSS licenses generate greater effort provision in the design stage of software development relative to non-restrictive licenses. Endogenizing licensing choice, we find that a project leader chooses a non-restrictive OSS license if reputational concerns drive developers’ incentives, a proprietary license when there is a large population of users in the market and a restrictive OSS license if user population is small but reputational benefit is high. Our results resonate well with empirical findings and suggest additional testable implications about the relationship between licensing and software project characteristics. Finally, we also find that the market under-provides restrictive OSS licenses relative to the efficient level, suggesting the need for subsidizing restrictive licenses in some cases.

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Piva, Evila, and Cristina Rossi-Lamastra. "The License Choices of SMEs doing Business with Open Source Software." International Journal of Open Source Software and Processes 4, no. 1 (January 2012): 20–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jossp.2012010102.

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In the past decade, Open Source (OS) licenses have attracted the interest of many scholars. However, there is still a limited understanding of the license choices made by small and medium enterprises doing business with OS (OS SMEs). The present paper aims at filling this gap. The authors argue that, because of firm specificities, OS SMEs tend to prefer copyleft licenses. Their arguments are corroborated by empirical evidence from a survey on 146 Italian OS SMEs. This evidence documents that OS SMEs are not plagued by the GPL fear theorized by the OS founding fathers. Conversely, these firms use copyleft licenses to more easily in-source knowledge from the community of OS users and developers. At the same time, license choices are influenced by the ideological motivations that OS SMEs inherit from their owner-managers.

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Alspaugh, Thomas, Walt Scacchi, and Hazeline Asuncion. "Software Licenses in Context: The Challenge of Heterogeneously-Licensed Systems." Journal of the Association for Information Systems 11, no. 11 (November 2010): 730–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17705/1jais.00241.

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4

Widodo, Yusac Ismail Fauzi, Rosihan Ari Yuana, and Dwi Maryono. "Software Development of Speed Typing Counter Application as a Typing Lesson Supporting Tool." IJIE (Indonesian Journal of Informatics Education) 1, no. 1 (May 28, 2017): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/ijie.v1i1.8404.

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<p>This research aims to design and create media applications that will be used to train the speed and accuracy of typing in the classroom. Lack of instructional media typing speed appropriate to the circumstances in the classroom was the background of this research. The study began with the observation phase, then followed by system design and coding. An application as the research results has main features: the study materials, practice typing, and data management, which each function is executed by the user level use. Implementation of the user level is intended to secure the data from unauthorized third parties so that only students and teachers can see the results of learning. Furthermore, the application also gives teachers the opportunity to participate in learning, a way to create and change the questions used for the exercise. As a typing progress report, the application can also display the results in various formats such as speed tables, accuracy tables, speed graph, and chart accuracy.</p><p> </p><p><a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" rel="license"><img src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-sa/4.0/88x31.png" alt="Creative Commons License" /></a><br />This work is licensed under a <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" rel="license">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License</a>.</p>

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5

Cataldo Jr., Renato. "Software Licenses and Your Use." American Pharmacy 32, no. 9 (September 1992): 26–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0160-3450(15)31016-3.

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6

Blansit, B. Douglas. "Free/Open Source Software Licenses." Journal of Electronic Resources in Medical Libraries 6, no. 4 (December 4, 2009): 362–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15424060903364891.

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7

Greenbaum, Eli. "Open Source Interpretation." Journal of Open Law, Technology and Society 12, no. 1 (2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5033/jolts.v12i1.143.

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This Article offers an alternative to the standard assumptions concerning the interpretation of Free and Open Source Software licenses – that such licenses should be interpreted as boilerplate agreements applied by the licensing parties without having negotiation regarding the language of the license. The Article considers some of the consequences of this approach to license interpretation.

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Fong, Yem S., and Heather Wicht. "Software for Managing Licenses and Compliance." Journal of Library Administration 42, no. 3-4 (May 31, 2005): 143–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j111v42n03_10.

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9

Sharma, Vineet, S. A. M. Rizvi, and Arun Sharma. "Software Licenses - A tool to control distribution of software." ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes 37, no. 6 (November 27, 2012): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2382756.2382769.

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10

Sharma, Vineet, S. A. M. Rizvi, and Arun Sharma. "Software Licenses - A tool to control distribution of software." ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes 38, no. 1 (January 23, 2013): 49–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2413038.2382769.

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11

KWOK, S. H., and S. M. LUI. "A LICENSE MANAGEMENT MODEL FOR PEER-TO-PEER MUSIC SHARING." International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making 01, no. 03 (September 2002): 541–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219622002000348.

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The popularity of peer-to-peer (P2P) file sharing software has created a pressing need for digital music providers to resolve copyright and piracy problems of disseminating digital music through the Internet. Digital Rights Management (DRM) technology ensures protection of rights for distributed music over the Internet. Existing DRM systems emphasize protection based on business-to-consumer (B2C) distribution model, but do not tackle protection on a consumer-to-consumer (C2C) distribution model. This paper proposes a license management model to support not only typical music distribution models from music distributor to consumer (B2C), but also peer consumer to peer consumer (C2C) distribution model. The proposed license management model consists of two types of licenses, namely official licenses and peer licenses. These licenses are to be implemented in XrML. The concepts of these licenses facilitate both B2C and C2C distribution models. Functionality tests of the proposed model with certain common peer-to-peer sharing activities have been conducted.

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12

Matsumoto, Kei, Christoph Rademacher, and Ayako Suga. "Protecting IP Licenses and Jointly Owned IP in the Age of COVID-19: Insolvency and Force Majeure Events under Japanese Law." GRUR International 70, no. 5 (May 1, 2021): 463–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/grurint/ikab008.

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Abstract This article provides an overview and discussion of a multitude of issues that are relevant for IP licensing under Japanese law. The authors recap the results of the legislative process that predominantly addressed the IP licensee’s position in the case of a licensor's insolvency, including the 2020 amendment to the Japanese Copyright Act, and examine whether a comprehensive reform of IP licensing regulations in Japan would be preferable to also offering better protection to trademarks, trade secrets and data licensees. Given that Japanese companies often agree on jointly owning IP generated in the process of software development and other co-development projects, we analyze the risks of joint ownership compared to non-exclusive licenses. To further illustrate such risks that may be even more significant in cross-border constellations, we conduct a comparative study on the actions that a party commissioning the development of new software can take without obtaining the software developer’s consent under Japanese, US and German patent and copyright law. Furthermore, we examine certain unresolved issues that may arise in the case of a party’s insolvency or the impact of force majeure events, and provide suggestions on how to address these when drafting and negotiating IP license agreements.

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13

Serfiyani, Citi Rahmati, Cita Yustisia Serfiyani, Iswi Hariyani, and Devina Tharifah Arsari. "Developers’ Data Protection in the Open-Source Application with the Copyleft License." Lentera Hukum 8, no. 1 (April 24, 2021): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/ejlh.v8i1.21012.

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Copyright protection of digital products in an open-source system has led to the emergence of copyleft against copyright. Copyleft licenses in open-source serve to impose limits on creations to protect creators' moral rights. At the same time, personal data protection is one part of personal rights amidst the advent of information technology. The development of copyleft products and licenses that usually take place online can potentially lead to violations that harm application developers’ personal data. This paper aimed to characterize copyleft as an antithesis of copyright and analyze legal protection on the open-source application developers' personal data. Using legal research, this paper showed that open-source licenses could consist of two categories. First, non-copyleft licenses in the form of permissive licenses, included in the software under it and are subject to copyright. Second, the copyleft license, which required licenses to modify and distribute copyleft products. This open-source license adopted a form of a standard contract and personal data protection in copyleft products through open-source sites were using a preventive and repressive way. This paper recommended a copyleft-based legal protection mechanism and creators' data by considering the comparative aspects of the copyleft and copyright concepts' characteristics to respect moral rights. KEYWORDS: Personal Data Protection, Indonesia’s Copyright Law, Copyleft License.

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14

Ballhausen, Miriam. "Free and Open Source Software Licenses Explained." Computer 52, no. 6 (June 2019): 82–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mc.2019.2907766.

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15

Bernelin, Margo. "The compatibility of open/free licences: a legal imbroglio." International Journal of Law and Information Technology 28, no. 2 (2020): 93–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijlit/eaaa010.

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Abstract Thirty years ago, in February 1989, the first ‘free licence’ was created: the GNU-GPL licence. Since then the number of free and open licences has grown exponentially with both private and public actors publishing their own legal document. In plain language, a licence is a document that grants a permission to do something, to perform an action. When it comes to licences covering a creation (eg a software), such a document is a contract listing the permissions and prohibitions, ie the rights and obligations of both the licensor and the licensee with regard to the creation. Usually, such licences include an extensive list of permissions and some prohibitions. However, this list of authorizations and prohibitions might defer from one licence to another, creating thus compatibility issues among them. Moreover, some licences might contradict the licensee’s domestic law. As a result, the reliance on open/free licences covered content for Big Data analysis is in a legal jeopardy. This article will review those difficulties and critically analyse the legal and technical remedies to it.

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16

Shinkarev, A. A. "Role of Open Source Software in Modern Development of Enterprise Information Systems." Bulletin of the South Ural State University. Ser. Computer Technologies, Automatic Control & Radioelectronics 21, no. 2 (May 2021): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.14529/ctcr210202.

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At the moment there are many open source software products and packages, and their number is increasing every day. So it can be concluded that publishing source code is becoming more and more popular in the world of software development. When publishing the source code of a software solution or software package for use in the developer community, special attention should be given to the license type – this affects which scenarios will be available for use of the published package or software solution. It is also necessary to draw up full and detailed documentation and decide on the ways to promote the published package among developers. The purpose of the study was to justify the feasibility and necessity of publishing software products, packages and libraries for their use by other developers to build their own systems and services. The author meant to describe the major open source licenses, identify their features and differences, and those situations for which this or that type of license is suitable, as well as to demonstrate the need of writing documentation and describe ways to promote and popularize published software products, packages, and libraries in the developer community. Materials and methods. The paper considers official license documents describing conditions of use, reproduction, and distribution. The author analyzes the main ways and means to promote open source software products. Results. The article substantiates the relevance of publishing and using the source code of a software product, package or library. The author describes the main provisions of the most common licenses and gives advice on choosing the type of license when publishing source code for free use. The necessity of writing documentation for the published software product is substantiated. The article also describes some of the ways to promote published packages, such as the choice of name, speaking at conferences, and publishing articles with case studies.

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17

Quandt, Richard E. "On the optimum number of library software licenses." Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 38, no. 3 (March 1999): 349–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-2681(99)00014-1.

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18

Allyn, Mark R., and Ram B. Misra. "Motivation of Open Source Developers." International Journal of Open Source Software and Processes 1, no. 4 (October 2009): 65–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jossp.2009100104.

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The motivational drivers of open source software developers have been researched by various investigators since about 2000. This work shows that developers are motivated by different extrinsic and intrinsic drivers, among them community aspirations, reciprocity and fairness, creative impulses, and monetary and career ambitions. There has been some work done in studying whether the profile of developer motivations is constant across open source projects or is sensitive to project organizational design. Among the many factors that could influence the mix of motives of OS developers is the license under which the work is performed. Licenses range in openness between those such as the GNU GPL that severely restrict the freedom of developers to mingle their OS code with proprietary code to those such as BSD licenses which allow programmers much greater latitude in integrating open source code with proprietary code. In addition to formal rules, meritocracies emerge to reward effort and performance, and also to direct, coordinate, and control other participants. The authors discuss these variables and how they may be related to motivations.

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19

Avande, Mahugnon Olivier, Robin A. Gandhi, and Harvey Siy. "Understanding User Engagement With Multi-Representational License Comprehension Interfaces." International Journal of Open Source Software and Processes 11, no. 4 (October 2020): 27–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijossp.2020100102.

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License information for any non-trivial open-source software demonstrates the growing complexity of compliance management. Studies have shown that understanding open-source licenses is difficult. Prior research has not examined how developers would use interfaces displaying license text and its graphical models in studying a license. Consequently, a repeatable eye tracking-based methodology was developed to study user engagement when exploring open-source rights and obligations in a multi-modal fashion. Experiences of 10 participants in an exploratory case study design indicate that eye-tracking is feasible to quantitatively and qualitatively observe distinct interaction patterns in the use of license comprehension interfaces. A low correlation was observed between self-reported usability survey data and eye-tracking data. Conversely, a high correlation between eye-tracker and mouse data suggests the use of either in future studies. This paper provides a framework to conduct such studies as an alternative to surveys while offering interesting hypotheses for future studies.

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20

Lindman, J., M. Rossi, and Anna Puustell. "Matching Open Source Software Licenses with Corresponding Business Models." IEEE Software 28, no. 4 (July 2011): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ms.2011.50.

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21

Murtojarvi, Mika, Jouni Jarvinen, Mika Johnsson, Timo Leipala, and Olli S. Nevalainen. "Determining the Proper Number and Price of Software Licenses." IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering 33, no. 5 (May 2007): 305–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tse.2007.1003.

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22

Adryanto, Arnazt P., Bronto Sutopo, Febri E. Prihasto, Arif Hindarto, Duduk Sumargono, and Ansori Ansori. "SENTRALISASI LISENSI PERANGKAT LUNAK DAN INTERKONEKSI DATA." Prosiding Temu Profesi Tahunan PERHAPI 1, no. 1 (March 29, 2020): 247–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.36986/ptptp.v1i1.67.

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ABSTRAK Industri 4.0 adalah istilah yang diberikan untuk industri “pintar” dimana mesin/perangkat digabung dengan koneksi jaringan. Tren industri 4.0 adalah otomatisasi dan koneksivitas data termasuk cloud computing. Sekarang, dan masa mendatang di industri 4.0, komputer terhubung satu sama lain untuk akhirnya membuat keputusan tanpa keterlibatan manusia. Industri pertambangan merupakan salah satu industri yang paling membutuhkan koneksi karena lokasi site terpisah dengan head office. Sebagai pelaku industri pertambangan yang memiliki site lebih dari satu dan tersebar dari Indonesia bagian Barat sampai dengan bagian Timur, PT ANTAM Tbk (ANTAM) memerlukan koneksi antara site dengan head office. Salah satu rangkaian pekerjaan ANTAM adalah collecting database eksplorasi, pemodelan geologi dan estimasi sumberdaya serta distribusi block model sumberdaya ke site. Database eksplorasi tersebut digunakan untuk update model geologi dan estimasi sumberdaya setiap triwulan semua komoditas dari tiap site yang sedang aktif kegiatan eksplorasinya. Lisensi software-software yang digunakan oleh ANTAM untuk pemodelan dan estimasi sumberdaya tersebut terpusat di server di head office, sehingga tidak ada lisensi software yang standalone di computer user. Hal tersebut membuat siapapun dandimanapun lokasinya bisa menggunakan lisensi-lisensi yang tersedia dengan koneksi ke server. Hasil update block model sumberdaya kemudian di distribusikan ke site sebagai guidance. Tim di site juga melakukan pengolahan terhadap block model tersebut menggunakan software tertentu dengan lisensi yang tersedia di server melalui koneksi internal ANTAM dari site ke head office di Jakarta. Meskipun dalam pengolahan update block model sumberdaya tidak seluruhnya otomatis, karena masih memerlukan justifikasi resource estimator atau Competent Person, namun dalam pengerjaannya bisa kapanpun dan dimanapun karena lisensi yang terpusat dan dapat digunakan oleh siapapun yang memerlukan. Sentralisasi lisensi perangkat lunak dan interkoneksi data yang dilakukan oleh ANTAM membuat distribusi data eksplorasi dan update block model sumberdaya tiap komoditas ANTAM yang tersebar dari Indonesia bagian Barat sampai bagian Timur tidak terkendala jarak dan waktu, khususnya untuk update block model. Hal tersebut dapat dilakukan kapanpun dan dimanapun, serta siapapun yang memerlukan dapat menggunakan lisensi software yang tersedia di server. Key words: industri 4.0, koneksivitas, lisensi, server, database eskplorasi, block model sumberdaya ABSTRACT Industry 4.0 is a name given to the idea of smart industry where machines are augmented with the web connectivity. The trend is towards automation and data connectivity includes cloud computing. Now, and into the future as Industry 4.0 unfolds, computers are connected and communicate with one another to ultimately make decisions without human involvement. Mining industry is one of industry that really needs connectivity because the location of site is separate to its head office. As a mining industry with more than one of sites that spread from west part to east part of Indonesia, PT ANTAM Tbk (ANTAM) needs connectivity between sites and head office. One of working cycle of ANTAM is exploration database collecting, geological modeling, resource estimation and distribution the resource block model to sites. The exploration database will be used to update the geological model and estimate the resources every quarter for each commodity of each site which is actively explore. The licenses of ANTAM’s software to do modeling and estimate the resources are centralized in a server in head office, so there is no standalone software license in user computer. Centralized licenses make anyone and everywhere can utilize the licenses using connection to the server. The updated block model distributed to sites as guidance. Team on sites work on the block model use certain software with licenses that centralized in the server through ANTAM’s connection from sites to head office. Although in estimate the resources not fully automation due to still need justification from resource estimator or Competent Person, but in the process could be everywhere and anytime because of centralized licenses. Centralized software licenses and data interconnection of ANTAM make distribution of exploration data and updated block model for each commodities of ANTAM that spread from west part to east part of Indonesia is not a problem, especially for updating the block model. It could be proceed everywhere, anytime by everyone using licenses in the server. Key words: industry 4.0, connectivity, license, server, exploration database, resource block model

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23

Maracke, Catharina. "Free and Open Source Software and FRAND‐based patent licenses." Journal of World Intellectual Property 22, no. 3-4 (February 25, 2019): 78–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jwip.12114.

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24

Haapanen, Anna. "Free and Open Source Software and the Mystery of Software Patent Licenses Under the GPL." International Free and Open Source Software Law Review 7, no. 1 (December 29, 2015): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5033/ifosslr.v7i1.107.

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Jaeger, Till. "Distribution of Dockerfiles: Who is responsible for FOSS Licence Compliance?" Journal of Open Law, Technology and Society 12, no. 1 (2021): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5033/jolts.v12i1.147.

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The deployment of Docker is becoming increasingly popular as container technology allows for a unified software distribution that is largely independent of the target system. This raises new questions of FOSS license compliance. The reason is that in addition to the complete software distribution as a “Docker image”, so-called Dockerfiles can be used, which - similar to a script - contain a kind of construction manual for the software which may include downloads from third party repositories. Such form of decentralized distribution raises the question of responsibility for compliance with the license conditions. This article sheds light on the concept of “distribution” under European copyright law as a starting point for the interpretation of free licenses. In the course of the study, it is shown that physical distribution and distribution in the meaning of copyright law do not always have to be congruent. This article was created in collaboration with and funded by the Open Source Automation Development Lab (OSADL) eG (www.osadl.org).

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26

Damasio, Edilson, and Carlos Eduardo Navarro Ribeiro. "Software livre para bibliotecas, sua importância e utilização: o caso GNUTECA." RDBCI: Revista Digital de Biblioteconomia e Ciência da Informação 4, no. 1 (September 18, 2006): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/rdbci.v4i1.2036.

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Este artigo apresenta a importância da utilização de softwares para bibliotecas, tendo como o “software livre”, suas vantagens. Através da utilização do Gnuteca-Sistema de Gestão de Acervo, Empréstimos e Colaboração para Bibliotecas, que foi desenvolvido pelo Centro Univ. Univates e está sendo utilizado no Brasil e em vários países. Utiliza a metodologia GNU e foi desenvolvido para utilizar os padrões MARC21 e importação de dados do Microisis. Apresenta os tipos de softwares, a importância dos softwares sem custos, qual a definição de software livre. Tem como resultados de pesquisa bibliográfica a utilização do Gnuteca, suas vantagens para as bibliotecas e sua interoperabilidade com outros softwares, seus principais módulos e sua interface na Internet. Demonstrou-se que é um software viável às bibliotecas que não queiram ter custos com licenças de softwares. Abstract This article presents the importance of the use of softwares for libraries, having "free software", its advantages. Through the use of “Gnuteca-Sistema de Gestão de Acervo, Empréstimos e Colaboração para Bibliotecas” (Gnuteca-System of Collection Management, Lending and Collaboration for Libraries), that was developed by the Center Univ. Univates, it is being used in Brazil and other countries. It uses the methodology GNU and was developed to use MARC21 standards and to import data of Microisis. The article presents the types of softwares, the importance of softwares without costs, and the definition of free software. It has as a result of bibliographical research, the use of Gnuteca, its advantages for the libraries, its interoperability with others softwares, its main modules and its interface in the InterNet. It was demonstrated that it is a viable software for libraries that do not want to have costs with licenses of softwares.

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27

Xin, Mingdi, and Arun Sundararajan. "Nonlinear Pricing of Software with Local Demand Inelasticity." Information Systems Research 31, no. 4 (December 2020): 1224–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/isre.2020.0940.

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Nonlinear usage-based pricing is applied extensively in software markets. Customers of software products usually cannot vary their required usage volume, a property we label local demand inelasticity. For instance, a client firm that needs a sales force automation software either buys one user license for every salesperson or does not buy at all. It is unlikely to buy licenses for some but not all salespersons. This demand feature violates a critical assumption of the standard nonlinear pricing literature that consumers are flexible with their usage volume, and their valuation changes smoothly with usage volume. Consequently, standard nonlinear pricing solutions are inapplicable to many software products. This paper studies the optimal nonlinear usage-based pricing of software when customers' demand is locally inelastic. This unique demand feature necessitates a new approach to solve the nonlinear pricing problem. We show that under a weak ordering condition of customer types, this complex pricing problem can be decomposed into a set of much simpler subproblems with known solutions. Our pricing solution is easily implementable and applicable to a broad range of demand systems, including those described by the families of exponential and normal distributions. Moreover, local demand inelasticity has a critical impact on key efficiency results.

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28

Edwards, Kasper. "An economic perspective on software licenses—open source, maintainers and user-developers." Telematics and Informatics 22, no. 1-2 (February 2005): 111–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2004.06.009.

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29

Scacchi, Walt, and Thomas A. Alspaugh. "Understanding the role of licenses and evolution in open architecture software ecosystems." Journal of Systems and Software 85, no. 7 (July 2012): 1479–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2012.03.033.

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30

Sen, Ravi, Chandrasekar Subramaniam, and Matthew L. Nelson. "Open source software licenses: Strong-copyleft, non-copyleft, or somewhere in between?" Decision Support Systems 52, no. 1 (December 2011): 199–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dss.2011.07.004.

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31

Edwards, Martin. "Introduction to the law on software licenses Part IV: Performance and breach." Computer Law & Security Review 2, no. 4 (November 1986): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0267-3649(86)90078-6.

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32

Halounová, Lena. "Freeware for GIS and Remote Sensing." Geoinformatics FCE CTU 2 (December 19, 2007): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/gi.2.7.

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Education in remote sensing and GIS is based on software utilization. The software needs to be installed in computer rooms with a certain number of licenses. The commercial software equipment is therefore financially demanding and not only for universities, but especially for students. Internet research brings a long list of free software of various capabilities. The paper shows a present state of GIS, image processing and remote sensing free software.

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Xing, Mingqing. "Comparative Study on Innovation Incentives for Commercial Open Source Software under Different Licenses." Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology 5, no. 13 (April 15, 2013): 3538–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.19026/rjaset.5.4484.

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Xing, Mingqing. "Comparative Study on Innovation Incentives for Commercial Open Source Software under Different Licenses." Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology 5, no. 5 (February 11, 2013): 1633–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.19026/rjaset.5.4916.

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Bontis, Nick, and Honsan Chung. "The evolution of software pricing: from box licenses to application service provider models." Internet Research 10, no. 3 (August 2000): 246–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662240010331993.

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Randhawa, Gurjit S., Kathleen A. Hill, and Lila Kari. "MLDSP-GUI: an alignment-free standalone tool with an interactive graphical user interface for DNA sequence comparison and analysis." Bioinformatics 36, no. 7 (December 13, 2019): 2258–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btz918.

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Abstract Summary Machine Learning with Digital Signal Processing and Graphical User Interface (MLDSP-GUI) is an open-source, alignment-free, ultrafast, computationally lightweight, and standalone software tool with an interactive GUI for comparison and analysis of DNA sequences. MLDSP-GUI is a general-purpose tool that can be used for a variety of applications such as taxonomic classification, disease classification, virus subtype classification, evolutionary analyses, among others. Availability and implementation MLDSP-GUI is open-source, cross-platform compatible, and is available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). The executable and dataset files are available at https://sourceforge.net/projects/mldsp-gui/. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

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Rejas-Muslera, Ricardo, Elena Davara, Alain Abran, and Luigi Buglione. "Intellectual Property Systems in Software." International Journal of Cyber Warfare and Terrorism 3, no. 1 (January 2013): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcwt.2013010101.

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Support for research and development in information technology is considered today as critical by most governments in the industrially advanced countries. Traditionally the way of stimulating research has been to ensure to the investor the appropriability of the returns generated. Such appropriability is typically implemented by means of the Intellectual Property Rigths. Nevertheless the protection of such rights is heterogeneous worldwide. Today two different legal systems for the protection of software coexist: the system of patents and the system of author's copyrights. This paper explains these two main systems of ‘intellectual property’ to provide legal protection to a software, including the licenses to transfer rights on software. The end of the paper presents the most recent trends of the EU government to replace the current European software protection system, including a discussion onf the software patents and the legal initiatives on the subject. In addition, legal issues linked with new ways in software comercialization are presented.

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Lima, Clóvis Montenegro de, and Rose Marie Santini. "Copyleft e licenças criativas de uso de informação na sociedade da informação." Ciência da Informação 37, no. 1 (April 2008): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-19652008000100011.

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Neste trabalho se discutem algumas licenças criativas de uso de informação: Free Document Licenses (FDL) e Creative Commons (CC). As formas colaborativas de produção, disseminação e uso de informação, particularmente aquelas que usam a Internet, requerem novos enfoques da propriedade intelectual e do direito autoral. A produção colaborativa pode-se construir sob licenças para usar e recriar livremente produções anteriores. É possível imaginar a dispensa da proteção legal do copyright, tornando idéias, software, músicas, imagens e textos livres e acessíveis a todos. A redução do controle político e econômico não visa apenas a facilitar o acesso aos bens, mas também a liberar a inovação e o desenvolvimento econômico. Conclui-se que as licenças criativas apresentam potencialidades e limitações. Contudo, constituem poderoso agente de mudança social e econômica, pois advertem para a inadequação dos sistemas de copyright e de propriedade intelectual na sociedade da informação.

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Parmar, Amandeep Kaur, Navjeet Singh, and Dr Gurdev Singh. "AN OVERVIEW OF CLOUD TESTING AS A SERVICE." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS & TECHNOLOGY 2, no. 2 (April 30, 2012): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijct.v2i1.2611.

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Testing is an important process for software quality assurance. A cloud infrastructure creates significant new opportunities for software quality assurance and testing. Making the test infrastructure that directly represents the production cloud infrastructure is too expensive â€“ in terms of hardware, software licenses and testing professionals. To deal with this challenge the paper gives an overview of various cloud testing strategies and also introduces â€˜Testing as a Serviceâ€™, using Cloud computing.

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Cacciari, Claudio, Daniel Mallmann, Csilla Zsigri, Francesco D’Andria, Björn Hagemeier, Angela Rumpl, Wolfgang Ziegler, and Josep Martrat. "SLA-based management of software licenses as web service resources in distributed computing infrastructures." Future Generation Computer Systems 28, no. 8 (October 2012): 1340–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2011.11.005.

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Pereira, Alexandre L. D. "Software interoperability, intellectual property and competition law — Compulsory licenses for abuse of market dominance." Computer Law & Security Review 27, no. 2 (April 2011): 175–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clsr.2011.01.001.

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Kleinke, Brian. "Challenges and lessons learned introducing an evolving open source technology into an established legacy Ada and C++ program." ACM SIGAda Ada Letters 40, no. 2 (April 27, 2021): 70–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3463478.3463485.

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When the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) launched the System Wide Information Management (SWIM) initiative, the FAA had the goal of using the same portable, open infrastructure across all participating systems in the National Airspace System (NAS). Around 2008 for SWIM Segment 1, the FAA chose Iona Software's Free/Open Source Software (FOSS) based bundle, which was known and supported under the Fuse brand. The FAA obtained the licenses used by programs, including EnRoute Automation Modernization (ERAM), through Iona, which was later acquired by Progress and RedHat.

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Singh, Param Vir, and Corey Phelps. "Networks, Social Influence, and the Choice Among Competing Innovations: Insights from Open Source Software Licenses." Information Systems Research 24, no. 3 (September 2013): 539–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/isre.1120.0449.

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Tran, Diem Ngoc, Tom Vinant, Théo Marc Colombani, and Diem Ho-Kieu. "An R Code for Implementing Non-hierarchical Algorithm for Clustering of Probability Density Functions." Journal of Advanced Engineering and Computation 2, no. 3 (September 30, 2018): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.25073/jaec.201823.194.

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This paper aims to present a code for implementation of non-hierarchical algorithm to cluster probability density functions in one dimension for the first time in R environment. The structure of code consists of 2 primary steps: executing the main clustering algorithm and evaluating the clustering quality. The code is validated on one simulated data set and two applications. The numerical results obtained are highly compatible with that on MATLAB software regarding computational time. Notably, the code mainly serves for educational purpose and desires to extend the availability of algorithm in several environments so as having multiple choices for whom interested in clustering. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Pho, Kim-Hung, and Vu-Thanh Nguyen. "Comparison of Newton-Raphson Algorithm and Maxlik Function." Journal of Advanced Engineering and Computation 2, no. 4 (December 31, 2018): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.25073/jaec.201824.219.

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Our main objective is in antagonizing the performance of two approaches: the Newton-Raphson (N-R) algorithm and maxLik function in the statistical software R to obtain optimization roots of estimating functions. We present the approach of algorithms, examples and discussing about two approaches in detail. Besides, we prove that the N-R algorithm can perform if our data set contain missing values, while maxLik function cannot execute in this situation. In addition, we also compare the results, as well as, the time to run code to output the result of two approaches through an example is introduced in [1].This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium provided the original work is properly cited.

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Seghir, Samira, Tahar Bouthiba, Samia Dadda, Rebiha Boukhari, and Abdelhakim Bouricha. "Fault Location in High Voltage Transmission Lines Using Resistance, Reactance and Impedance." Journal of Advanced Engineering and Computation 2, no. 2 (June 30, 2018): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.25073/jaec.201822.92.

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This paper presents two methods for on-line computation of dynamic fault location in HV transmission lines using three means; resistance, reactance and impedance. These methods can be used for dynamic distance protection of the transmission line. The Gilchrist method and McInnes method are presented. The proposed methods use digital set of short circuit current and voltage measurements for estimating fault location. A practical case study is presented in this work to evaluate the proposed methods. A study is done to evaluate the best mean to locate the fault. A comparison of these two methods is presented. MATLAB-Simulink software was used to do all the tests. Results are reported and conclusions are drawn. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Bouricha, Abdelhakim, Tahar Bouthiba, Samira Seghir, and Rebiha Boukhari. "Dynamic Fault Classification and Location in Distribution Networks." Journal of Advanced Engineering and Computation 2, no. 3 (September 30, 2018): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.25073/jaec.201823.114.

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This paper presents a method for detecting, classifying and localizing faults in MV distribution networks. This method is based on only two samples of current or voltage signals. The fault detection, faultclassification and fault localization are based on the maximum value of current and voltage as a function of time. A study is presented in this work to evaluate the proposed method.A comparative study between current and voltage method detection has been done to determine which is the fastest. In addition, the classication and localization of faults were made by the same method using two samples signal. Simulation with results have been obtained by using MATLAB / Simulink software. Results are reported and conclusions are drown. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Hasselbring, Wilhelm, Leslie Carr, Simon Hettrick, Heather Packer, and Thanassis Tiropanis. "From FAIR research data toward FAIR and open research software." it - Information Technology 62, no. 1 (February 25, 2020): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/itit-2019-0040.

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AbstractThe Open Science agenda holds that science advances faster when we can build on existing results. Therefore, research data must be FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable) in order to advance the findability, reproducibility and reuse of research results. Besides the research data, all the processing steps on these data – as basis of scientific publications – have to be available, too.For good scientific practice, the resulting research software should be both open and adhere to the FAIR principles to allow full repeatability, reproducibility, and reuse. As compared to research data, research software should be both archived for reproducibility and actively maintained for reusability.The FAIR data principles do not require openness, but research software should be open source software. Established open source software licenses provide sufficient licensing options, such that it should be the rare exception to keep research software closed.We review and analyze the current state in this area in order to give recommendations for making research software FAIR and open.

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Dalle, Jean-Michel, and Nicolas Jullien. "Windows vs. Linux: Some Explorations into the Economics of Free Software." Advances in Complex Systems 03, no. 01n04 (January 2000): 399–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219525900000285.

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The article presents an economic analysis of Free Software. We insist on the role played by Public Licenses, which implement a very subtle and efficient way of dealing with positive externalities associated with creativity, in providing the software industry with such a new development methodology and business model, now already challenging some of Microsoft's main products. To test our argument, we turn to a stochastic interaction model to study the current competition between Linux and Windows NT/2000 in the market for Operating Systems, as this model allows us to deal with both local and global positive externalities. Its results enlighten the existence of different diffusion regimes depending on producer strategies, the main question having to do with the redistribution of positive external economies associated with diffusion of new technologies, therefore confirming our suggestion that Free Software might be a superior economic model than proprietary software.

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Silaen, Kalpin Erlangga, and Mohammad Amin Soetomo. "Managing Risks of Managed Webhosting Outsourcing." ACMIT Proceedings 3, no. 1 (March 18, 2019): 56–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.33555/acmit.v3i1.27.

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Outsourcing managed webhosting to the provider can give benefits from cost savings point of view. With outsourcing webhosting, company can focus with their core business without worrying how to manage their webhosting, backup, hardware, software and licenses. Unfortunately, this also raised security issues and impact business. This paper provides another insight about risks in webhosting outsourcing and a model to manage those risks based on NIST SP800-30.

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