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Journal articles on the topic 'Software PUP'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 18 February 2022

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DODARO, CARMINE, PHILIP GASTEIGER, NICOLA LEONE, BENJAMIN MUSITSCH, FRANCESCO RICCA, and KOSTYANTYN SHCHEKOTYKHIN. "Combining Answer Set Programming and domain heuristics for solving hard industrial problems (Application Paper)." Theory and Practice of Logic Programming 16, no. 5-6 (2016): 653–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1471068416000284.

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AbstractAnswer Set Programming (ASP) is a popular logic programming paradigm that has been applied for solving a variety of complex problems. Among the most challenging real-world applications of ASP are two industrial problems defined by Siemens: the Partner Units Problem (PUP) and the Combined Configuration Problem (CCP). The hardest instances of PUP and CCP are out of reach for state-of-the-art ASP solvers. Experiments show that the performance of ASP solvers could be significantly improved by embedding domain-specific heuristics, but a proper effective integration of such criteria in off-the-shelf ASP implementations is not obvious. In this paper the combination of ASP and domain-specific heuristics is studied with the goal of effectively solving real-world problem instances of PUP and CCP. As a byproduct of this activity, the ASP solverwaspwas extended with an interface that eases embedding new external heuristics in the solver. The evaluation shows that our domain-heuristic-driven ASP solver finds solutions for all the real-world instances of PUP and CCP ever provided by Siemens.

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Foote, Imogen, Stephanie S. Godfrey, and Bruce C. Robertson. "Mate choice explains high genetic diversity in a small founding population of the New Zealand sea lion (Phocarctos hookeri)." Australian Journal of Zoology 66, no. 6 (2018): 343. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo19023.

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Founder populations are susceptible to reduced genetic diversity, which can hinder successful population establishment. A new genetic lineage of the New Zealand sea lion (Phocarctos hookeri) has recently colonised the historical range of the New Zealand mainland (Otago Peninsula). Despite a small founding population, previous research indicated that nuclear genetic diversity in the Otago Peninsula population is similar to that of the larger source population (Sandy Bay, Auckland Islands). Our research aimed to identify whether mechanisms of female mate choice could help to explain the unexpectedly high level of genetic diversity in the founder population. We used genetic data at 12 microsatellite loci for mother–pup pairs from both populations, and the software COLONY to identify putative paternal genotypes inferred from allele sharing between known mother–pup pairs. We found that mating pairs were, on average, more related at the Otago Peninsula location. However, Sandy Bay females were mating with males more related to themselves than expected by chance, while the Otago Peninsula females were not. These findings suggest that female choice in this otariid species appears important, although may be constrained in some situations. Our findings also help to explain how the recently founded population is able to maintain a viable, growing population.

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Webb, Andrew, Jared Knoblauch, Nitesh Sabankar, Apeksha Sukesh Kallur, Jody Hey, and Arun Sethuraman. "The Pop-Gen Pipeline Platform: A Software Platform for Population Genomic Analyses." Molecular Biology and Evolution 38, no. 8 (2021): 3478–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msab113.

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Abstract The Pop-Gen Pipeline Platform (PPP) is a software platform for population genomic analyses. The PPP was designed as a collection of scripts that facilitate common population genomic workflows in a consistent and standardized Python environment. Functions were developed to encompass entire workflows, including input preparation, file format conversion, various population genomic analyses, and output generation. The platform has also been developed with reproducibility and extensibility of analyses in mind. The PPP is an open-source package that is available for download and use at https://ppp.readthedocs.io/en/latest/PPP_pages/install.html.

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Clerch, Linda Biadasz, Alex S. Baras, Gloria DeCarlo Massaro, Eric P. Hoffman, and Donald Massaro. "DNA microarray analysis of neonatal mouse lung connects regulation of KDR with dexamethasone-induced inhibition of alveolar formation." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 286, no. 2 (2004): L411—L419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00306.2003.

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Treatment of newborn mice with dexamethasone (Dex) inhibits the subdivision of lung saccules to form alveoli; treatment with all- trans retinoic acid (RA) prevents this inhibition of septation. To better understand the early molecular signals responsible for the effects of Dex and RA, Affymetrix gene profiling was done on RNA isolated from 4-day-old mice after treatment with 1) diluent, 2) RA (1 mg/kg), 3) Dex (0.7 μg/pup), or 4) RA + Dex. Each sample was assayed in duplicate on U74Av2 GeneChips. Data were analyzed with Affymetrix suite 5.0, corrected for saturation, and evaluated with GeneSpring 5.1 software. Stringent filtering of data by the global error model and condition-to-condition comparisons was used to identify 46 genes demonstrating significantly different expression between the lungs of Dex- and RA + Dex-treated mice. A query of the gene ontology database revealed that the major biological processes affected by treatment with Dex and RA were cell growth/maintenance and cellular communication. On the basis of microarray data analysis, we hypothesize that Dex-induced inhibition of septation is associated with a block in angiogenesis due to downregulation of the kinase domain receptor (KDR), also known as VEGF receptor-2 and fetal liver kinase, and that the downregulation of KDR is prevented by treatment with RA.

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Han, Zijian, Luping Song, Kele Qi, Yang Ding, Mingjun Wei, and Yongcun Jia. "Deciphering the Key Pharmacological Pathways and Targets of Yisui Qinghuang Powder That Acts on Myelodysplastic Syndromes Using a Network Pharmacology-Based Strategy." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2020 (December 8, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8877295.

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Background. Yisui Qinghuang powder (YSQHP) is an effective traditional Chinese medicinal formulation used for the treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). However, its pharmacological mechanism of action is unclear. Materials and Methods. In this study, the active compounds of YSQHP were screened using the traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology (TCMSP) and HerDing databases, and the putative target genes of YSQHP were predicted using the STITCH and DrugBank databases. Then, we further screened the correlative biotargets of YSQHP and MDS. Finally, the compound-target-disease (C-T-D) network was conducted using Cytoscape, while GO and KEGG analyses were conducted using R software. Furthermore, DDI-CPI, a web molecular docking analysis tool, was used to verify potential targets and pathways. Finally, binding site analysis was performed to identify core targets using MOE software. Results. Our results identified 19 active compounds and 273 putative target genes of YSQHP. The findings of the C-T-D network revealed that Rb1, CASP3, BCL2, and MAPK3 showed the most number of interactions, whereas indirubin, tryptanthrin, G-Rg1, G-Rb1, and G-Rh2 showed the most number of potential targets. The GO analysis showed that 17 proteins were related with STPK activity, PUP ligase binding, and kinase regulator activity. The KEGG analysis showed that PI3K/AKT, apoptosis, and the p53 pathways were the main pathways involved. DDI-CPI identified the top 25 proteins related with PI3K/AKT, apoptosis, and the p53 pathways. CASP8, GSK3B, PRKCA, and VEGFR2 were identified as the correlative biotargets of DDI-CPI and PPI, and their binding sites were found to be indirubin, G-Rh2, and G-Rf. Conclusion. Taken together, our results revealed that YSQHP likely exerts its antitumor effects by binding to CASP8, GSK3B, PRKCA, and VEGFR2 and by regulating the apoptosis, p53, and PI3K/AKT pathways.

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Johnson, Kimberly J., David A. Largaespada, Tucker W. LeBien, Raha Allaei, and Julie A. Ross. "Influence of Maternal Folic Acid Supplementation on Hematopoietic Factors in Offspring." Blood 110, no. 11 (2007): 4276. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v110.11.4276.4276.

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Abstract Observational studies of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have generally supported a protective role for maternal intake of foods or vitamins rich in folic acid during pregnancy. Using C57BL/6J mice, we evaluated the effect of dietary folic acid intake in the perigestational period on surface marker and gene expression in B-lineage cells as a potential model to further elucidate the role of maternal diet in the etiology of childhood ALL. Thirty-six female mice were randomized to one of three folic-acid varied diets (low=0.3, control=2.0, high=8.0 mg/kg) one month prior to mating and maintained on the diet until pup weaning at three weeks. Reproductive characteristics and offspring red blood cell (RBC) folate were recorded, and bone marrow lymphocytes were isolated for surface marker characterization by flow cytometry. For gene expression analyses, CD19 positive B-lineage bone marrow cells were purified from three pups per dietary group using anti-CD19 microbeads. Gene expression levels were interrogated using the Agilent mouse whole genome microarray. No statistically significant differences were found among dietary groups with respect to mating success, litter size, estimated 21 day offspring weights, or the percentage of male offspring. However, there were significant differences among the 3 diets in offspring survival to the end of the experiment (39%, 84%, and 30% for the 0.3, 2.0, and 8.0 mg/kg groups, respectively). Pup RBC folate values were positively correlated with dietary folic acid dose with mean values of 428, 615, and 724 ng/ml, respectively. Mice were euthanized at 3 weeks. There was no significant difference in the expression of CD19, IgM, or kappa light chains on bone marrow lymphocytes in the offspring among dietary groups. ANOVA analysis, using Genedata Expressionist Pro software, showed differential expression of 267 genes using a Benjamini and Hochburg false discovery rate cutoff of 10%. Three main patterns of gene expression between pups of different dietary groups were identified through unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis; 152 and 86 genes were up- and down-regulated, respectively, in both the high and the low folic acid groups relative to the control group. Twenty-seven genes showed increasing expression with increasing dietary folic acid dose. In conclusion, dietary folic acid given to dams prior to conception through weaning had a significant effect on offspring survival and gene expression. Additional analyses are underway to determine the relevance of genes found to be differentially expressed with respect to risk of B-cell lineage leukemias followed by validation of relevant gene candidates through quantitative RT-PCR. These data will be used to help inform future etiologic studies of childhood ALL.

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Sirk, Martin M., and Steve B. Howell. "The Three-Dimensional Structure of EUV Accretion Regions of AM Her Stars: Analysis of EUVE Light Curves." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 152 (1996): 343–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100036204.

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We present EUV light curves for a number of AM Her systems observed either as guest observer targets or with the EUVE Right Angle Program. We have formed light curves for eight AM Her stars and show in our presentation the similarities and differences present. We draw some conclusions by grouping the systems by inclination, magnetic field strength, and accretion region geometry. In order to understand the physical structures responsible for the EUV emissions, we have developed a software model to generate synthetic light curves. We find that the EUV accretion regions in the systems UZ For, VV Pup, and AM Her cannot be fit with a flat spot confined to the white dwarf surface, regardless of its shape or brightness profile. Rather, a small, symmetric, raised spot is the only shape consistent with the data. The light curves for systems EF Eri, RE1149+28, AN UMa, and V834 Cen show evidence for additional structure that precedes the primary accretion region in phase. Our model indicates that a large portion of the light curve in each system is seen in absorption. Finally, in three systems, we detect a very gradual rise and fall in the EUV flux (<5% of the peak flux) at phases when the spot is completely obscured behind the white dwarf (WD) limb. We attribute this detection to emission from the accretion column that decreases exponentially with distance from the WD and detect emission at heights up to 15% of the WD radius.

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Qiao, Yi, та Xu Xue. "Implementation of PPP Protocol in μC/OS- II Operating System". Applied Mechanics and Materials 291-294 (лютий 2013): 2830–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.291-294.2830.

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Recently, embedded systems had a tremendous impact on human life. With the development of society, making embedded devices access Internet to share the network resources is the inevitable trend of future development. This paper describes the structure of hardware platform of system, LM3S8962 processor. Then the functions of task management, interrupt management and clock management are analyzed. And by modifying and compiling these codes related with processor, μC/OS-Ⅱ will be ported on the development board, which provides software platform for design and implementation of PPP his article introduces the course of design and implementation of PPP on the software and hardware platform emphatically, including design of main module, LCP module, PAP module, NCP module and PPP module.

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Sousa, Marcelo Biano de, Silvânio Márcio Fernandes, and Márcio Uehara. "Desenvolvimento de Software de Gerenciamento de Processo para Melhorar Qualidade, Engenharia de Métodos e PCP na Construção Civil." Revista Científica Multidisciplinar Núcleo do Conhecimento 02, no. 03 (2017): 443–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.32749/nucleodoconhecimento.com.br/tecnologia/desenvolvimento-de-software.

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KRASUSKI, Kamil. "UTILIZATION CSRS-PPP SOFTWARE FOR RECOVERY AIRCRAFT’S POSITION." Scientific Journal of Silesian University of Technology. Series Transport 89 (December 1, 2015): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.20858/sjsutst.2015.89.7.

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Hepp, N. W. "PDP-11 Software Source Book." Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 28, no. 1 (1986): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00043764-198601000-00003.

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Jy, Wenche, Joaquin J. Jimenez, Loreta Bidot, et al. "Surface Adhesion and Growth of Microaggregates under Flow Conditions (I): Role of Cell-Derived Microparticles and Leukocytes." Blood 110, no. 11 (2007): 3725. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v110.11.3725.3725.

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Abstract BACKGROUND. Circulating blood cells and endothelial cells (EC) shed small membranous vesicles termed cell-derived microparticles (MP) upon activation or apoptosis. Many MP species carry procoagulant activity and cell adhesion molecules (CAM) which can mediate interactions with platelets, leukocytes and EC. Therefore, it has been proposed that some species of MP play important roles in hemostasis and thrombosis. To gain new insight on possible MP modulation of cell adhesion to surfaces under flow conditions, we evaluated effects of adding selected MP types to whole blood (WB) or to platelet-rich plasma (PRP) under flow conditions at physiological shear rates. METHODS. A cone-and-plate analyzer (CPA) equipped with microscope and imaging analysis software was used to investigate cell adhesion and growth of micro-aggregates on the plate surface under flow (shear) conditions (Diamed Impact-R). Citrated WB or PRP (110 μL) was preincubated with 20 μL of selected MP for 10 min, then subjected to 1800 sec−1 shear rate for 2 min. Endothelial MP (EMP) were obtained from the supernatant of cultured renal microvascular endothelial cells activated by TNF-α (10 nM) for 24 hr. Platelet MP (PMP) were generated by exposure of PRP to ADP (10 μM) for 30 min. Red cell MP (RMP) were prepared by exposure of washed RBC to calcium ionophore (10 μM) for 60 min. All MP were washed twice with PBS and resuspended at 2 × 106 /μL. Images of adherent microaggregates were measured in terms of percent surface coverage (SC), average size, and number of adherent objects. RESULTS. The difference between PRP and WB: There was 3-fold greater SC and 2-fold larger aggregate size in WB (p&lt;0.0001, p&lt;0.002, respectively) compared to PRP, but no difference in number of objects. This suggests that platelets act as initial seeds, since number of objects was similar between WB and PRP; and that other cells present in WB contribute strongly to the growth of the initial seeds into larger aggregates. This was further supported by finding that addition of washed leukocytes (but not RBC) to PRP resulted in substantial increase of size and SC, to values similar to WB. Effect of PMP: Addition of PMP to PRP had no effect on any parameter. However, addition of PMP to WB had a strong effect, increasing both SC and size (p=0.01), but not number of objects. We attribute this effect to recruitment of leukocytes in WB by PMP. Effect of EMP: In contrast to PMP, addition of EMP to PRP caused all parameters to increase markedly (SC, p=0.005; size, p=0.002; number, p=0.008). Based on our previous work, we attribute this effect may be similar to the in the oresence ristocetin. When EMP were added to WB, again all values increased compared to WB alone, but less markedly (SC, p=0.001; size, p=0.02; number, p=0.03). Effect of RMP: Addition of RMP to either WB or PRP had no significant effect. CONCLUSIONS. First, we demonstrate that platelets are the initial seeds of aggregate deposition on the plate of this device, and that subsequent growth in size depends on both platelets and leukocytes. Second, we show that both PMP and EMP are active in promoting aggregate growth, but in different ways: PMP apparently act mainly to recruit leukocytes, and EMP act to promote platelet adhesion and growth of aggregates. The underlying mechanisms of MP species on adhesion and growth of aggregates and the physiologic or pathologic significance of these observations is being further explored.

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Han, Yongman, Jongcheon Choi, Seong-Je Cho, et al. "A new detection scheme of software copyright infringement using software birthmark on windows systems." Computer Science and Information Systems 11, no. 3 (2014): 1055–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/csis130918064h.

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As software is getting more valuable, unauthorized users or malicious programmers illegally copies and distributes copyrighted software over online service provider (OSP) and P2P networks. To detect, block, and remove pirated software (illegal programs) on OSP and P2P networks, this paper proposes a new filtering approach using software birthmark, which is unique characteristics of program and can be used to identify each program. Software birthmark typically includes constant values, library information, sequence of function calls, and call graphs, etc. We target Microsoft Windows applications and utilize the numbers and names of DLLs and APIs stored in a Windows executable file. Using that information and each cryptographic hash value of the API sequence of programs, we construct software birthmark database. Whenever a program is uploaded or downloaded on OSP and P2P networks, we can identify the program by comparing software birthmark of the program with birthmarks in the database. It is possible to grasp to some extent whether software is an illegally copied one. The experiments show that the proposed software birthmark can effectively identify Windows applications. That is, our proposed technique can be employed to efficiently detect and block pirated programs on OSP and P2P networks.

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Wanas, Sajad Kareem, and Oday Yaseen Mohamed Zeki Alhamadani. "Evaluation of the Performance of Online GPS/GNSS Data Processing Services for Monitoring the Land Deformations and Movements." Journal of Engineering 25, no. 10 (2019): 108–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2019.10.08.

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In recent years, the Global Navigation Satellite Services (GNSS) technology has been frequently employed for monitoring the Earth crust deformation and movement. Such applications necessitate high positional accuracy that can be achieved through processing GPS/GNSS data with scientific software such as BERENSE, GAMIT, and GIPSY-OSIS. Nevertheless, these scientific softwares are sophisticated and have not been published as free open source software. Therefore, this study has been conducted to evaluate an alternative solution, GNSS online processing services, which may obtain this privilege freely. In this study, eight years of GNSS raw data for TEHN station, which located in Iran, have been downloaded from UNAVCO website on a daily basis. Furthermore, TEHN GNSS observations are processed with CSRS-PPP, which is based on Precise Point Positioning (PPP) algorithm, and OPUS, which is based on double difference (DD) algorithm, to compare between these two techniques in terms of station velocity estimation and Earth deformation. On the other hand, TEHN station solutions that produce via scientific software, GIPSY-OSIS, are obtained from Nevada Geodetic Laboratory (NGL) website for data validation. Eventually, the results show that both GNSS online processing services (CSRS-PPP and OPUS) are credibly efficient to estimate station velocities, while CSRS-PPP trustworthy service for monitoring the Earth deformation. 

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Tomasz, Hadaś. "GNSS-Warp Software for Real-Time Precise Point Positioning." Artificial Satellites 50, no. 2 (2015): 59–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/arsa-2015-0005.

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Abstract On April 1, 2013 IGS launched the real-time service providing products for Precise Point Positioning (PPP). The availability of real-time makes PPP a very powerful technique to process GNSS signals in real-time and opens a new PPP applications opportunities. There are still, however, some limitations of PPP, especially in the kinematic mode. A significant change in satellite geometry is required to efficiently de-correlate troposphere delay, receiver clock offset, and receiver height. In order to challenge PPP limitations, the GNSS-WARP (Wroclaw Algorithms for Real-time Positioning) software has been developed from scratch at Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Science in Poland. This paper presents the GNSS-WARP software itself and some results of GNSS data analysis using PPP and PPP-RTK (Real-Time Kinematic) technique. The results of static and kinematic processing in GPS only and GPS + GLONASS mode with final and real-time products are presented. Software performance validation in postprocessing mode confirmed that the software can be considered as a state-ofthe- art software and used for further studies on PPP algorithm development. The real-time positioning test made it possible to assess the quality of real-time coordinates, which is a few millimeters for North, East, Up in static mode, a below decimeter in kinematic mode. The accuracy and precision of height estimates in kinematic mode were improved by constraining the solution with an external, near real-time troposphere model. The software also allows estimation of real-time ZTD, however, the obtained precision of 11.2 mm means that further improvements in the software, real-time products or processing strategy are required.

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Hills, Mark, Paul Klint, and Jurgen J. Vinju. "Enabling PHP software engineering research in Rascal." Science of Computer Programming 134 (February 2017): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scico.2016.05.003.

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Su, Shang-Chiuan, Yi-Ren Chen, Shi-Chun Tsai, and Yi-Bing Lin. "Detecting P2P Botnet in Software Defined Networks." Security and Communication Networks 2018 (2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4723862.

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Software Defined Network separates the control plane from network equipment and has great advantage in network management as compared with traditional approaches. With this paradigm, the security issues persist to exist and could become even worse because of the flexibility on handling the packets. In this paper we propose an effective framework by integrating SDN and machine learning to detect and categorize P2P network traffics. This work provides experimental evidence showing that our approach can automatically analyze network traffic and flexibly change flow entries in OpenFlow switches through the SDN controller. This can effectively help the network administrators manage related security problems.

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Pando Soto, Brian Cesar, and Glen Rodríguez Rafael. "Habilidades de Personal Software Process (PSP) para la industria del software en Latinoamérica." Industrial Data 23, no. 1 (2020): 229–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/idata.v23i1.17243.

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El desarrollo de software es una actividad demandada por el mundo entero, en el que se requiere de habilidades técnicas y blandas para desempeñarse con destreza en una carrera tan globalizada y competitiva. Las investigaciones revisadas muestran la existencia de una brecha entre la industria y la academia. Los centros de formación proveen a los profesionales de habilidades técnicas, sin embargo en estos ultimos tiempos manifiesta la necesidad de contar con habilidades blandas, por lo que es clave estudiarlas y encontrar maneras de poder insertarlas en los profesionales que se integran a la industria. Existe una metodología llamada PSP creada por Watts Humphrey, que ayuda a cada individuo a fortalecer sus destrezas en el proceso de desarrollo de software, a pesar de eso, el método no es muy difundido en la académia y la industria. Esta investigación muestra la importancia de las habilidades blandas según empresas de la región Latino América y el aporte de PSP puede hacer para reducir la brecha de estas habilidades

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Oliveira, Gabriel Diniz de, William Rodrigo Dal Poz, and Marília Sanglard Almeida. "Implementação de um sistema on-line para processamento de dados GNSS." Revista Brasileira de Cartografia 71, no. 2 (2019): 501–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.14393/rbcv71n2-48184.

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O processamento de dados do Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) realizado por softwares científicos é uma necessidade crescente nos estudos da Geodésia Espacial. Porém, o manuseio destes, em geral, nem sempre é uma tarefa fácil. Com isso, um sistema que auxilie no processamento é importante para a eficiência das pesquisas de toda comunidade de usuários. Este trabalho aborda a implementação e a validação de um sistema on-line para processamento e análise de dados GNSS, que possibilite o compartilhamento do uso do software Bernese GNSS. O sistema denominado GNSS-UFV está disponível no endereço http://gnss.ufv.br. Este sistema está preparado para recepcionar, auxiliar e gerenciar as solicitações de processamento de dados GNSS nos métodos Posicionamento por Ponto Preciso (PPP) e Relativo no software Bernese GNSS, e posteriormente encaminhar e armazenar os resultados dos processamentos. O PPP do GNSS-UFV foi testado e comparado com o serviço IBGE-PPP. A média das acurácias das resultantes planimétricas foram iguais para os dois sistemas, 0,013m, já a acurácia média nas componentes altimétricas foi de 0,020m para o IBGE-PPP e 0,018m para o GNSS-UFV. O método Relativo do GNSS-UFV foi comparado com o serviço AUSPOS, onde a média das acurácias das resultantes planimétricas foram de 0,009m e 0,010m e a média das acurácias das componentes altimétricas foram de 0,021m e 0,026m para o AUSPOS e GNSS-UFV, respectivamente.

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Huang, Wei, Pascale Defraigne, Giovanna Signorile, and Ilaria Sesia. "Improved Multi-GNSS PPP Software for Upgrading the DEMETRA Project Time Monitoring Service." Sensors 19, no. 20 (2019): 4389. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19204389.

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The H2020 DEMETRA project provides short latency clock monitoring services to the time users using the Atomium precise point positioning (PPP) software developed by the Royal Observatory of Belgium. In this paper, three recent updates of the current Atomium software are introduced: adding Galileo signals in the PPP computation; the option to constrain the receiver clock; PPP with integer ambiguity resolution. The advantages of these updates are demonstrated: Combining the Galileo and global positioning system (GPS) signals for PPP time transfer will further improve the frequency stability inside the computation batch; PPP with receiver clock constraint is not only used to reduce the short-term noise of the clock measurements but can also be used for some specific applications to a keep continuous clock solution in the computation batch or retrieve correct clock measurements from extremely noisy environments; the integer PPP allows a continuous clock solution, and improves the mid-term and long-term stability of the frequency transfer compared to the current PPP frequency transfer techniques.

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Rufino, João, Muhammad Alam, João Almeida, and Joaquim Ferreira. "Software defined P2P architecture for reliable vehicular communications." Pervasive and Mobile Computing 42 (December 2017): 411–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pmcj.2017.06.014.

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Silberberg, David. "Applying the personal software process (PSP) with Ada." ACM SIGAda Ada Letters XVIII, no. 6 (1998): 219–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/301687.289627.

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Alcay, Salih, Omer Faruk Atiz, and Sermet Ogutcu. "Comparison of RT-PPP and RT-PPP-AR Methods." Academic Perspective Procedia 3, no. 1 (2020): 308–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.33793/acperpro.03.01.61.

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The Precise Point Positioning (PPP) is an absolute positioning method which emerged as an alternative to the relative positioning method. This method is widely used in many applications in recent years. In this method the static and kinematic positioning can be performed with high accuracy by using single GNSS receiver. In the last few years, the PPP method has started to be used in real time (RT-PPP) thanks to the real-time precise products (satellite orbit and clock data) produced by different organizations like IGS, BKG, CNES, ESA, EUREF, GFZ etc. The high interest in RT-PPP has accelerated the development of this method and many software have been developed. Recently, some of the software have ability to apply integer ambiguity resolution (AR). For this purpose, in this study the positioning performance of RT-PPP method was tested using two options of PPP-WIZARD software (RT-PPP, RT-PPP-AR). Three IGS stations were chosen in different geographical regions. The real-time coordinates of the stations belong to the observation period of about 4 hours were derived simultaneously with the RT-PPP and RT-PPP-AR options in 1 second epoch interval. The results obtained are given in a comparative approach.

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Mendes da Rocha, Rodrigo Santos, Gabriel Oliveira Jerez, Gabriela De Oliveira Nascimento Brassarote, and João Francisco Galera Monico. "Avaliação do efeito da cintilação ionosférica e de diferentes intervalos de tempo de coleta de dados no posicionamento por ponto preciso na sua forma on-line." Revista Brasileira de Geomática 5, no. 2 (2017): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.3895/rbgeo.v5n2.5429.

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O PPP é um método de posicionamento por GNSS que utiliza efemérides precisas, correções dos relógios dos satélites e possíveis modelagens de erros. As possibilidades de aplicações do PPP têm aumentado nos últimos anos, especialmente devido aos serviços on-line, destacando-se entre estes IBGE-PPP, GAPS, APPS e RT_PPP. Esses serviços têm sido utilizados em várias pesquisas e aplicações, porém são poucos os experimentos que consideram ocorrência de cintilação ionosférica. Portanto, no estudo realizado foram selecionados dados de duas estações da RBMC em regiões de alta e baixa atividade ionosférica. Utilizou-se dados de duas épocas do ano, com fraca e forte influência da cintilação ionosfera, buscando-se avaliar o desempenho dos serviços de PPP on-line em diferentes intervalos de tempo de coleta de dados GNSS e sob a influência da cintilação ionosférica no posicionamento PPP utilizando o software RT_PPP. Com os dados disponíveis o IBGE-PPP obteve melhores resultados que os demais softwares e o aumento de tempo de coleta de dados melhorou a acurácia do posicionamento. A estação na região sob menor cintilação ionosférica no período de maior atividade ionosférica alcançou resultados mais acurados, entretanto, não se pôde concluir que o motivo foi a cintilação ionosférica.

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YU, Min. "P2P Data Management." Journal of Software 17, no. 8 (2006): 1717. http://dx.doi.org/10.1360/jos171717.

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Grazioli, Fernanda, Diego Vallespir, Leticia Pérez, and Silvana Moreno. "The Impact of the PSP on Software Quality: Eliminating the Learning Effect Threat through a Controlled Experiment." Advances in Software Engineering 2014 (September 30, 2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/861489.

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Data from the Personal Software Process (PSP) courses indicate that the PSP improves the quality of the developed programs. However, since the programs (exercises of the course) are in the same application domain, the improvement could be due to programming repetition. In this research we try to eliminate this threat to validity in order to confirm that the quality improvement is due to the PSP. In a previous study we designed and performed a controlled experiment with software engineering undergraduate students at the Universidad de la República. The students performed the same exercises of the PSP course but without applying the PSP techniques. Here we present a replication of this experiment. The results indicate that the PSP and not programming repetition is the most plausible cause of the important software quality improvements.

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Deitrick, William J., and Wit Stryczniewicz. "Development and Testing of Data Reduction Software for Measurements Using Pressure Sensitive Paints." Transactions on Aerospace Research 2018, no. 4 (2018): 68–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/tar-2018-0031.

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Abstract The paper concentrates on post-processing of data necessary for pressure measurements using Pressure Sensitive Paints (PSP). The purpose of the study was to develop and test procedures for extraction of the surface pressure distribution from the images captured during PSP tests. The core issues addressed were reduction of the influence of model movement and deformation during wind tunnel run and synchronization between conventional pressure tap measurements and PSP data, necessary for in-situ calibration. In the course of the studies, two approaches on image registration were proposed: the first based on geometric transformation of control points pairs with cross-correlation tuning and the second based on similarity finding and estimation of geometric transformation of the images. Performance of the developed algorithm was tested with use of experimental set-up allowing for controlled movement of the imagined target with micrometer resolution. Both of the proposed approaches to PSP image resection proved to perform well. After testing of the software, the PSP system was used for determination of the pressure field on flat plate exposed to impinging jet. The presented procedures and results can be useful for research groups developing in-house PSP measurements systems for wind tunnel tests and internal flow investigations.

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Leistert, Oliver. "TECHNOLOGIE: MIETMODELL SOFTWARE ADOBE." POP 3, no. 2 (2013): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/pop.2013.0207.

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de Rop, Christiane, Jan Priesack, Andreas Tiede, and Arne Trummer. "Platelet-Derived Microparticles Accelerate Engraftment of Peripheral Blood Stem Cells in Human Allogeneic Transplantation." Blood 106, no. 11 (2005): 3035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v106.11.3035.3035.

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Abstract While the procoagulant activity of platelet derived microparticles (PMP) has been widely accepted, knowledge regarding their immunological and adhesive qualities is still limited. It has been shown that murine BM cells covered with PMP engrafted lethally irradiated mice significantly faster than those not covered, indicating that PMPs play an important role in the homing of peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC). Here we studied the impact of PMP on engraftment in human allogeneic PBSC transplants for patients with hematological malignancies. PBSC samples were collected in buffered citrate from transplantation bags after infusion of transplants into patients with hematological malignancies (AML = 5, ALL = 1). Conditioning regimens included busulfan/cyclophosphamide (Bu/Cy), anti-CD66b-radioimmunotherapy (RIT)/Bu/Cy, and reduced intensity regimens with fludarabin/busulfan (Flu/Bu) and FLAMSA. Platelet-poor plasma (PPP) was prepared (1500g for 20min), immediately shock-frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at −80°C. For further analysis PPP’s were carefully thawed at room temperature (RT). 90μl of PPP was stained with 5μl of CD41-PE and CD62P-FITC each for 15min at RT in the dark (IgG1-FITC and -PE served as negative controls, TRAP-6 (10μM) stimulated whole blood processed in same way as samples as positive control). To stop staining 900μl PBS/BSA 2% was added and 500μl of this solution were transferred into BD Trucount tubes by reverse pipetting giving a final concentration of 100 beads/μl. Samples were analyzed immediately using Coulter FC500 flow cytometer with CXP software. As expected the CD34 cell count (mean=5.1x106/kg body weight, SD=2.0x106/kg) showed a significant correlation (p=0.0197, Pearson r=−0.83) with the time to engraftment (mean=15.7days, SD=2.0d). The amount of CD62P positive microparticles (mean=423/μl, SD=119/μl) and the conditioning regimen showed no significant correlation with CD34 cell count or time to engraftment with leucocytes >1000/μl. In contrast, CD41-PMP count (mean=1223/μl, SD=857μl) correlated significantly with the CD34 cell count (p=0.0086, Pearson r=0.92) and the time to engraftment (p=0.0039, Pearson r = −0.95). Therefore, PBSCT contain significant amounts of PMP which are most likely generated during apheresis. Preliminary results show a stronger correlation with time to engraftment than does CD34 cell count. We conclude that PMP may accelerate engraftment of PBSC in humans. However, this function seems unrelated to P-Selectin expression. Therefore, further studies aiming to identify other adhesion molecules involved in PMP-mediated engraftment of PBSCT are warranted.

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Cao, Yan Ming, and Li Pan. "Design and Implementation of a CIM-SPL Based RBAC Policy Language." Applied Mechanics and Materials 195-196 (August 2012): 126–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.195-196.126.

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Since the original CIM-SPL policy language does not support access control policy, the CIM-SPL is extended with the RBAC model in this paper. Then a new CIM-SPL based RBAC policy language is designed and implemented. The syntax specification of the new policy language complies with the original CIM-SPL. So it is quite suitable to describe access control policies for information systems specified by CIM. The implementation framework of the new access control policy language is based on the IETF PDP/PEP approach and is integrated in the Open Pegasus system which is the most widely used open-source software of CIM implementation. At last, a case study of Health Information System is used to demonstrate the flexibility and applicability of the new access control policy language.

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Ahmad, Ashfaq, Nisar Ahmad, and Nadia Malik. "Impact of Risk Determinants on the Perceived Performance of Software Projects in Emerging Economies." Global Management Sciences Review V, no. IV (2020): 48–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gmsr.2020(v-iv).06.

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Effective control of risk factors ensures the performance of projects in any industry. Risk factors can influence software projects of any size and type. This research aims to identify and examine different risk factors associated with projects in the software industry. The relationship between Software Project Risks (SPRs) and Perceived Project Performance (PPP) measures is determined. This study is based on a survey approach, and a questionnaire is used to record opinions and responses from 199 software professionals working in the Pakistan software industry. The results showed that the association between SPRs and PPP measures is statistically significant, and there exist a positive relationship. It is concluded that an increase in understanding of SPRs can increase PPP measures used to evaluate the software project. The results will help researchers and professionals in understanding the impact of different risk factors on software projects' perceived performance.

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Moreton, Robert. "A Process Model for Software Maintenance." Journal of Information Technology 5, no. 2 (1990): 100–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026839629000500206.

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This paper draws on work undertaken for the Butler Cox Productivity Enhancement Programme (PEP) to describe a process model which will provide a basis for overcoming the problems of cost and complexity associated with software maintenance. PEP is a continuous program that is open to organizations wishing to measure and improve systems development and productivity. The paper argues that for maintenance work to be effective, it is vital to control the input to the process — the procedure by which change requests are notified and managed in the first place. The procedure of change management is followed by impact analysis, system release planning, change design, implementation, testing and system release/integration. These steps, which occur sequentially, are supported by a further activity that continues concurrently - progress monitoring. The conclusion of the paper is that a coordinated program, effective across the whole maintenance process and designed to control changes to the system, will become more and more critical as the complexity of the system increases. Formal procedures are essential to ensure that software is not degraded and to provide an audit facility. At the same time there are several automated change and control packages now available that could help to reduce administrative overheads and increase control over system changes.

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Davila Nicanor, Leticia. "Reliability Improvement with PSP of Web-Based Software Applications." Computer Science & Engineering: An International Journal 2, no. 4 (2012): 9–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/cseij.2012.2402.

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Stark, J. A., and R. Crocker. "Trends in software process: the psp and agile methods." IEEE Software 20, no. 3 (2003): 89–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ms.2003.1196328.

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Tarng, James J., Qiongsen Yu, and Kevin D. Reilly. "A digital conference like software tool for PDP programs." ACM SIGICE Bulletin 21, no. 1 (1995): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/208632.208637.

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De Laat, Cornelius T. A. M., and Johan G. Kromme. "General-purpose fast CAMAC software for PDP-11 computers." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 239, no. 3 (1985): 556–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(85)90036-1.

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FANG, Qi-Ming, Guang-Wen YANG, Yong-Wei WU, and Wei-Min ZHENG. "P2P Web Search Technology." Journal of Software 19, no. 10 (2008): 2706–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1001.2008.02706.

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Xu, Xin, Kai Tang, Jiang Hua Li, and Hua Fang. "The Implementation and Experiment of PEP Device in Satellite Networks." Applied Mechanics and Materials 336-338 (July 2013): 1713–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.336-338.1713.

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PEP device can be used to improve the performance of TCP in satellite networks. An implementation of PEP device was discussed in this paper. Its software architecture and experiment in satellite networks were presented. The experiment results show that this PEP device can greatly improve the performance of user applications. And the other advantage is that the software and protocol stack in user applications need not be modified.

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Li, Zhi. "Brief Discussion on PSP and its Application and Implementation in Software Engineering Management." Applied Mechanics and Materials 533 (February 2014): 423–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.533.423.

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After years of development, software process management has become a mature system that contains a lot of management practices and models, in which is the most well-known CMM process model. However it only provides process improvement guidance from macro perspective rather than micro perspective that containing clearly specific knowledge and skills required for the individual. PSP is designed for individual software engineers, and provides necessary and strong support for CMM implementation. Its methodology has become more and more mature and been applied widely. From the perspective of software quality management, this paper makes a systematic overview of PSP including its developing route, framework, application and so on , it also provides suggestions and measures for software companies to implement PSP.

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Xie, Haiyong, Y. Richard Yang, Arvind Krishnamurthy, Yanbin Grace Liu, and Abraham Silberschatz. "P4p." ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review 38, no. 4 (2008): 351–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1402946.1402999.

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Maevsky, D. A., O. V. Naidenko, E. J. Maevskaya, O. V. Strelzov, and A. A. Naidenko. "RESEARCH OF ACCURACY OF SOFTWARE SOFTWARE RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT." ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER SYSTEMS 33, no. 108 (2020): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15276/eltecs.32.108.2020.2.

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The aim of the work is to establish the presence or absence of dependence of the accuracy of reliability assessment on the programming language and software reliability model. To this end, software reliability modeling was performed using the main reliability models, such as: Dzhelinsky-Moranda, non- uniform Poisson process (Gela-Okumoto), Schneide-Windows, Musa, Weibul model, S-Shaped model, Du- ena, geometric model of Moranda, Musa-Okumoto. The existence of the problem of choosing a reliability model, which is due to their large number, is noted. It is shown that the problem of choosing a model has not yet been resolved. For research, we selected time series for defect detection in 40 software systems writ- ten in various programming languages: JavaScript, Ruby, Python, Objective-C, C ++, Scala, C #, PHP, C, Java, Rust, ActionScript. The data source for the specified time series is the Internet resource Github.com. Modeling was carried out using specialized software developed by the authors. The simulation accuracy was estimated as the mean-squared deviation of the calculated cumulative defect detection curve from the real one. The dependence of the accuracy of software reliability assessment on the programming language and reliability model is given. Recommendations are given on choosing a model for a software system de- pending on the programming language. It is concluded that there is no one universal model that with ac- ceptable accuracy would allow us to evaluate the reliability of a software system, regardless of the pro- gramming language in which it was written.

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Mohammed, Israa H., Tariq N. Ataiwe, and Hisham Al Sharaa. "Accuracy Assessment of a Variety of GPS Data Processing, Online Services and Software." Geomatics and Environmental Engineering 15, no. 4 (2021): 5–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.7494/geom.2021.15.4.5.

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The processing of GPS observations in precise positioning is complex and requires professional surveyors since it must be carried out after each static measurement. In GPS network adjustment, the obtaining of the correct coordinates of the determined point is possible after determining the components of GPS vectors and aligning the networks of these vectors, while PPP requires the availability of precise products for the reference satellites orbits and clock. For that reason, surveyors can take advantage of free online GPS data processing. In this paper, the authors compare the results obtained from different sources of free online GPS data processing (AUSPOS, OPUS, CenterPoint RTX, APPS, MagicGNSS, CSRS-PPP, GAPS, and SCOUT) in terms of their accuracy, availability, and operation. This is then compared with free GPS processing software (gLAB and RTKLIB), and finally with commercial software (TBC Trimble Business Center). The results show that online processing services are more accurate than offline processing software, which indicates the strength of their algorithms and processes. The CSRS-PPP online service had the best results. The difference between the relative solution of AUSPOS and OPUS, and CSRS-PPP is insignificant.

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Pando Soto, Brian Cesar, and Glen Dario Rodriguez Rafael. "Estado del arte de PSP y la Industria del Software." Industrial Data 21, no. 2 (2018): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/idata.v21i2.15610.

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Medir el esfuerzo de las personas dedicadas al desarrollo de software ha sido visto muy poco en la ingeniería de software, el SEI propuso un conjunto de prácticas disciplinadas para la gestión del tiempo y mejora de la productividad personal de los programadores o ingenieros de software en las tareas de desarrollo y mantenimiento de software, mediante el seguimiento del desempeño planeado frente al desempeño real, al que lo denomino Personal Software Process (PSP) (Humphrey, 2000) por Watts Humphrey en los años 90s. Las investigaciones que se revisaron muestran que a nivel mundial las habilidades con las que los ingenieros van a la industria de la ingeniería de software no cubren las expectativas de la industria, y como PSP es parte de este fortalecimiento de habilidades.

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Zhao, Jing Ying, and Hai Guo. "The Development of a Local Area Network Communication Software Based on Peer-to-Peer Mode." Advanced Materials Research 905 (April 2014): 627–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.905.627.

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Compared with traditional client/server modes, peer-to-peer (P2P) mode has obvious advantages in eliminating the performance bottleneck of server and enhancing the utilization rate of network resources. Based on P2P technology, local area network (LAN) communication software was well designed in this paper. By using the support function of Java for multithreading technology and socket technology, P2P mode was adopted to realize various communication functions, such as LAN text message transmission, file transfer and voice transmission. Though processing multicast messages, the software can detect the login and logout status of LAN users. Proved by testing, this software can operate stably in a system environment installed with Java Virtual Machine (JVM).

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Leistert, Oliver. "TECHNOLOGIE: MIETMODELL SOFTWARE ADOBE." POP 2, no. 2 (2013): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/pop.2013-0207.

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OYAMA, Akira, Nobuyoshi FUJIMATSU, Masato ITO, and Kozo FUJII. "Development of Postprocessing Software for PSP/TSP Pressure Measurement System." Journal of the Visualization Society of Japan 25, Supplement1 (2005): 313–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3154/jvs.25.supplement1_313.

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Suranto, Beni. "PSP AND PQI: HOW DO THEY IMPROVE INDIVIDUAL SOFTWARE PROCESS." Teknoin 20, no. 4 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.20885/teknoin.vol20.iss4.art1.

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OBARA, Michitaro, and Seiichi OHTAKI. "112 Stress Analysis of Pip Bends Using General FEM Software." Proceedings of Conference of Hokkaido Branch 2005.44 (2005): 24–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmehokkaido.2005.44.24.

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Johansen, Max E., Wenche Jy, Pamela B. Dudkiewicz, and Yeon S. Ahn. "Red Cell Microparticles (RMP) and Other Cell-Derived Microparticles (C-MP) in Hemolytic Anemias." Blood 120, no. 21 (2012): 5158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v120.21.5158.5158.

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Abstract Abstract 5158 Introduction: The lifespan of red cells (RBC) are shortened by several mechanisms in hemolytic anemias (HA): Ab-mediated hemolysis in autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA), complement-mediated lysis in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH), microangiopathy in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) and hemoglobinopathy in sickle cell anemia (SS) and thalassemia (Thal). During hemolysis, RMP are released along with MP from platelets (PMP), endothelia (EMP) and leukocytes (LMP). The role of MP in HA is unknown but may be involved in complications of HA. Methods: We investigated RMP and other MP profiles in the following hemolytic anemias in active phase: 14 patients with AIHA, 10 with TTP, 4 with PNH, 8 with SS or Thalassemia (SS - Thal), along with 60 healthy controls. Whole, citrated blood was centrifuged at 1600xgfor 10 minutes to yield platelet-poor plasma (PPP). Microparticles in the PPP were measured by FITC- or PE-conjugated mAb specific to the aforementioned cell types. Control plasma was prepared in an identical fashion from healthy volunteers. We compared RMP profiles and other MP in HA during active phase and in remission. Associations with clinical features were calculated using the R statistical software. Results: Means and standard deviations of C-MP in the different types of HA are shown in the TABLE. Mean RMP and PMP were highest in SS-Thal, followed by AIHA. Mean Annexin V binding procoagluant MP were higher in all subgroups of HA and highest in SS-Thal, followed by TTP. EMP in all subgroups was similar or lower than controls. Regarding clinical associations, high RMP levels were associated with low hemoglobin (p=0. 01), high reticulocytes (p=0. 003), and high LDH (p=0. 01) across all groups. High reticuloctye counts (>3. 0 %) were also associated with significantly elevated PMP (p=0. 04) and total MP counts by Ulex (p=0. 003). HAs in remission had marginally lower RMP levels than controls (p=0. 05). None of the subtypes had significantly higher EMP, LMP, or PMP compared to each other or controls. Conclusion: The small population yielded large standard deviations in the MP counts and did not allow statistical study among subgroups of patients with HA. However prothrombotic MPs such as Annexin V, PMP tend to be higher in HA. A larger scale future study will clarify this issue. The constellation of elevated LDH, reticulocytes, and decreased hemoglobin were associated with increased RMP. Therefore we suggest that elevated RMP may be viewed as an additional, new diagnostic marker of active hemolysis. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Berber, M., R. Munjy, and J. Lopez. "Kinematic GNSS positioning results compared against Agisoft Metashape and Pix4dmapper results produced in the San Joaquin experimental range in Fresno County, California." Journal of Geodetic Science 11, no. 1 (2021): 48–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jogs-2020-0122.

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Abstract RTKLIB which is an open source Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) software has gained rapid acceptance among Surveying professionals thanks to recent developments in UAS (Unmanned Aerial System) technology. RTKLIB enables standard and precise point positioning (PPP) in real-time and post-processing modes to be performed. As such, UAS users utilize this software to analyze GNSS data collected by GNSS systems on UAS. By being versatile and free, RTKLIB is commonly used by many; however, it is not the only freely available GNSS software. There are also freely available online GNSS data processing software running on servers. These online GNSS data processing services provide data processing in static, kinematic and rapid static modes. Because UAS collect data in kinematic mode, in this study, kinematic data processing by aforementioned software (CSRS-PPP, GAPS and APPS) is analyzed. The results coming from these software are compared against the results produced by photogrammetric software (Agisoft Metashape and Pix4Dmapper). The aim of this practical project is to produce generalizable knowledge about the performance of these software. It is found out that RTKLIB and CSRS-PPP achieved cm-level precision. Yet, GAPS and APPS achieved dm-level precision both for horizontal and vertical coordinates. This study demonstrates the precision and accuracy expected from these software if they are used for kinematic GNSS data processing.

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