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Risyadi, Irfan, Dewi Kurniati, and Anita Suharyani. "The Effect of Motivation and Discipline Culture Optimalization on Worker’s Work Performance in Buana Tunas Sejahtera Company (Inc.) Kapuas Hulu Regency." SOCA: Jurnal Sosial, Ekonomi Pertanian 14, no. 2 (2020): 302. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/soca.2020.v14.i02.p10.
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Nowadays, many companies in Indonesia are running in the plantation field. Buana Tunas Sejahtera Company (Inc.) is a palm oil company in West Borneo Province that working under the Kencana Group. This company was organized by leaders, directors, managers, manager assistants, foremen, clerks, permanent workers, and freelance workers. The worker’s work performance in this company was slightly low due to their worker’s low motivation and discipline. This study aimed to know the method to improve the workers’ work performance in Buana Tunas Sejahtera Company (Inc.), Kapuas Hulu Regency. This was a descriptive quantitative study employing an Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) done by software namely Expert Choice 11. There were 100 workers chosen by the purposive sampling technique participated in this study. The result showed that the key point in dealing with the worker's work performance issue was meeting their social need, while improving their salary was a key point in dealing with the motivation issue. Building the worker's responsibility was playing an important role in improving the discipline culture. The company needs to improve the worker’s motivation by conducting training sessions, increasing worker’s salaries during the overtime hours, and giving more motivation to their workers. To improve the discipline culture, the company needs to use clear and firm rules to enforce the proper and accountable behavior among the worker.
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Colomo-Palacios, Ricardo, Cristina Casado-Lumbreras, Sanjay Misra, and Pedro Soto-Acosta. "Career Abandonment Intentions among Software Workers." Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing & Service Industries 24, no. 6 (2012): 641–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hfm.20509.
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Kersten, Mik, and Gail C. Murphy. "Reducing Friction for Knowledge Workers with Task Context." AI Magazine 36, no. 2 (2015): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aimag.v36i2.2581.
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Knowledge workers perform work on many tasks per day and often switch between tasks. When performing work on a task, a knowledge worker must typically search, navigate and dig through file systems, documents and emails, all of which introduce friction into the flow of work. This friction can be reduced, and productivity improved, by capturing and modeling the context of a knowledge worker’s task based on how the knowledge worker interacts with an information space. Captured task contexts can be used to facilitate switching between tasks, to focus a user interface on just the information needed by a task and to recommend potentially other useful information. We report on the use of task contexts and the effect of context on productivity for a particular kind of knowledge worker, software developers. We also report on qualitative findings of the use of task contexts by a more general population of knowledge workers.
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Łubieńska, Katarzyna, and Jacek Woźniak. "MANAGING IT WORKERS." Business, Management and Education 10, no. 1 (2012): 77–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bme.2012.07.
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The text analyses the issue of motivation in software engineers. It bases on the experiences of one of the authors, and on preliminary results of qualitative and quantitative research gathered from 300 software engineers working in the IT financial service sector in Poland. It reviews main approaches to software specialist motivation found in the scientific and practical literature. It critiques some approaches to motivation of software specialists for the long-term consequences of using the motivators that they focus on. It shows that research based on P. Glen’s model (2003a) analyses only hygienic factors (as described by Herzberg) that can hinder the state of flow (Csikszentmihalyi 1975), which is characteristic of internally motivated software specialists. There are no analyses which would show how to secure long-term hygienic factors in the management of IT specialist motivation. Recommendations on long-term hygienic factors form a significant part of the text.
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Liao, Zhifang, Zhi Zeng, Yan Zhang, and Xiaoping Fan. "A Data-Driven Game Theoretic Strategy for Developers in Software Crowdsourcing: A Case Study." Applied Sciences 9, no. 4 (2019): 721. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9040721.
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Crowdsourcing has the advantages of being cost-effective and saving time, which is a typical embodiment of collective wisdom and community workers’ collaborative development. However, this development paradigm of software crowdsourcing has not been used widely. A very important reason is that requesters have limited knowledge about crowd workers’ professional skills and qualities. Another reason is that the crowd workers in the competition cannot get the appropriate reward, which affects their motivation. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a method of maximizing reward based on the crowdsourcing ability of workers, they can choose tasks according to their own abilities to obtain appropriate bonuses. Our method includes two steps: Firstly, it puts forward a method to evaluate the crowd workers’ ability, then it analyzes the intensity of competition for tasks at Topcoder.com—an open community crowdsourcing platform—on the basis of the workers’ crowdsourcing ability; secondly, it follows dynamic programming ideas and builds game models under complete information in different cases, offering a strategy of reward maximization for workers by solving a mixed-strategy Nash equilibrium. This paper employs crowdsourcing data from Topcoder.com to carry out experiments. The experimental results show that the distribution of workers’ crowdsourcing ability is uneven, and to some extent it can show the activity degree of crowdsourcing tasks. Meanwhile, according to the strategy of reward maximization, a crowd worker can get the theoretically maximum reward.
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Lewkowski, Kate, Kahlia McCausland, Jane S. Heyworth, Ian W. Li, Warwick Williams, and Lin Fritschi. "Questionnaire-based algorithm for assessing occupational noise exposure of construction workers." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 75, no. 3 (2017): 237–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2017-104381.
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ObjectivesOccupational noise exposure is a major cause of hearing loss worldwide. In order to inform preventative strategies, we need to further understand at a population level which workers are most at risk.MethodsWe have developed a new questionnaire-based algorithm that evaluates an individual worker’s noise exposure. The questionnaire and supporting algorithms are embedded into the existing software platform, OccIDEAS. Based on the tasks performed by a worker during their most recent working shift and using a library of task-based noise exposure levels, OccIDEAS estimates whether a worker has exceeded the full-shift workplace noise exposure limit (LAeq,8h≥85 dBA). We evaluated the validity of the system in a sample of 100 construction workers. Each worker wore a dosimeter for a full working shift and was then interviewed using the OccIDEAS software.ResultsThe area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.81 (95% CI 0.72 to 0.90) indicating that the ability of OccIDEAS to identify construction workers with an LAeq,8h≥85 dBA was excellent.ConclusionThis validated noise questionnaire may be useful in epidemiological studies and for workplace health and safety applications.
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Burwen, Dale R., and M. Franklin Seawright. "staffTRAK-TB: Software for Surveillance of Tuberculosis Infection in Healthcare Workers." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 20, no. 11 (1999): 770–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/501582.
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AbstractThe Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends periodic tuberculin skin testing of healthcare workers with potential exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. However, many healthcare facilities have neither a system to identify workers due for their skin test nor a means of analyzing aggregate data. To illustrate some of the complexities involved in tuberculin skin test (TST) tracking and analysis, and how these might be addressed, this report describes a software package called staffTRAK-TB, developed by the CDC to facilitate surveillance of tuberculosis infection in healthcare workers. staffTRAK-TB records data for each healthcare worker, including demographic information, occupation, work location, multiple TST results, and results of evaluations to determine if clinically active tuberculosis is present. Programmed reports include lists of workers due and overdue for skin tests, and skin test conversion rates by occupation or worksite. Standardization of types of occupations and locations allows data from multiple facilities to be aggregated and compared. Data transfer to the CDC can be performed via floppy diskettes. staffTRAK-TB illustrates important issues in software structure, standardization of occupation and work-location information, relevant data items, and reports and analyses that would be useful in practice. Developing software that adequately addresses the epidemiological issues is complex, and the lessons learned may serve as a model for hospital epidemiologists, infection control personnel, occupational health personnel, and computer programmers considering software development in this area or trying to optimize their facility's TST surveillance.
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BEŇO, MICHAL, JOZEF HVORECKÝ, and JOZEF ŠIMÚTH. "E-PANOPTICON OF FACE-TO-DISPLAY WORKERS: FROM THE OFFICE TO THE HOME." AD ALTA: 11/01 11, no. 1 (2021): 97–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.33543/110197105.
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Electronic Monitoring (EM) is becoming prevalent, enabling varied and pervasive monitoring of workplaces. The research design was a set of e-mail surveys. Quantitative data were analyzed using cross-tabulation of data, descriptive and chi-square tests statistics. The study provides an overview of e-worker monitoring in five countries. Twenty percent of respondents believe that their organization uses employee monitoring software to track their activities. Almost half of the e-workers believe that their activities are not being tracked by software. Nearby 1/10 of the face-to-display workers surveyed would trust their employer more using EM. Four-fifths of e-workers state that EM affects their productivity. Presented data emphasizes that companies using face-to-display workers monitoring software can negatively affect morale and productivity instead of producing better work. Further, employees are often unfamiliar with whether or not there is monitoring software tracking their activities. The study recommends that organizations should inform its employees before implementation of EM system to facilitate their positive attitudes
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Huiqi, Zhao, Abdullah Khan, Xu Qiang, Shah Nazir, Yasir Ali, and Farhad Ali. "MCDM Approach for Assigning Task to the Workers by Selected Features Based on Multiple Criteria in Crowdsourcing." Scientific Programming 2021 (June 17, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4600764.
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Crowdsourcing in simple words is the outsourcing of a task to an online market to be performed by a diverse group of crowds in order to utilize human intelligence. Due to online labor markets and performing parallel tasks, the crowdsourcing activity is time- and cost-efficient. During crowdsourcing activity, selecting the proper labeled tasks and assigning them to an appropriate worker are a challenge for everyone. A mechanism has been proposed in the current study for assigning the task to the workers. The proposed mechanism is a multicriteria-based task assignment (MBTA) mechanism for assigning the task to the most suitable worker. This mechanism uses approaches for weighting the criteria and ranking the workers. These MCDM methods are Criteria Importance Through Intercriteria Correlation (CRITIC) and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). Criteria have been made for the workers based on the identified features in the literature. Weight has been assigned to these selected features/criteria with the help of the CRITIC method. The TOPSIS method has been used for the evaluation of workers, with the help of which the ranking of workers is performed in order to get the most suitable worker for the selected tasks to be performed. The proposed work is novel in several ways; for example, the existing methods are mostly based on single criterion or some specific criteria, while this work is based on multiple criteria including all the important features. Furthermore, it is also identified from the literature that none of the authors used MCDM methods for task assignment in crowdsourcing before this research.
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Rahman, Mawdudur, and Abdullah Abdul-Gader. "Knowledge workers' use of support software in Saudi Arabia." Information & Management 25, no. 6 (1993): 303–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-7206(93)90080-d.
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Ilavarasan, P. Vigneswara. "Is Software Work in India Task Fragmented? — A Study of Software Workers in Bangalore." Sociological Bulletin 56, no. 3 (2007): 127–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0038022920070304.
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Tahir, Windra, Djihad Wungguli, and Muhamad Rezky Friesta Payu. "OPTIMASI PENJADWALAN WAKTU KERJA MENGGUNAKAN INTEGER PROGRAMMING." Euler : Jurnal Ilmiah Matematika, Sains dan Teknologi 7, no. 2 (2019): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.34312/euler.v7i2.10343.
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Scheduling workers is one of the problems faced by every company. The regulations set by the company, the availability of the number of workers, and the division of labor are the determining factors in the scheduling system. This worker scheduling problem can be modeled as an Integer Programming problem. Integer Programming is an optimization technique with linear objective functions, linear constraint functions, and integer variables. This paper discusses the formulation of worker scheduling problems in the form of Integer Programming with workers in companies engaged in the production of Crumb Rubber with the objective function of minimizing the number of workers employed. The next model is implemented using the help of LINGO 11.0 software. The implementation results show that the model is able to produce optimal employee schedules.
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Sharma, Pankaj Parag, Ranjana K. Mehta, Adam Pickens, Gang Han, and Mark Benden. "Sit-Stand Desk Software Can Now Monitor and Prompt Office Workers to Change Health Behaviors." Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 61, no. 5 (2018): 816–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018720818807043.
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Objective: To determine the effectiveness of a computer-based intervention designed to increase sit-stand desk usage and help reverse workplace physical inactivity. Background: Sit-stand desks have been successful in reducing workplace sedentary behavior, but the challenge remains for an effective method to increase the usage in order to experience the health and productivity benefits. Method: Data collection (1-year field study with 194 workers) used a novel method of computer software that continuously recorded objective electric sit-stand desk usage, while taking into account the time a worker spends away from their desk (breaks, meetings). During the baseline period, all workers’ desk usage was recorded by the software, and the intervention period consisted of software reminders and real-time feedback to all workers to change desk positions. Pooled means were calculated to determine desk usage patterns, and effect sizes and pairwise mean differences were analyzed to test for intervention significance. Results: The intervention doubled desk usage by increasing ~1 change to ~2 changes per work day. There was a 76% reduction in workers who never used the sit-stand function of the desk. Medium to large effect sizes from the intervention were observed in all three primary outcome measures (desk in sitting/standing position and desk position changes per work day). Conclusion: These findings demonstrate an effective intervention that increased postural transitioning and interrupted prolonged inactivity while remaining at the workstation. Application: The methods and results in this research study show that we can quantify an increase in desk usage and collect aggregate data continuously.
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Mohd Said, Mohd Azrin. "A Study of Postural Safety and Low-Cost Electromyography (EMG) Device Towards Grocery Workers in Kota Samarahan, Sarawak." Journal of Engineering and Science Research 4, no. 4 (2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.26666/rmp.jesr.2020.4.1.
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Body posture is one of the most important parts when lifting an object as it can causes injury if the wrong technique and body posture were used. A worker will injure their low back if a bad posture is not in consideration. A good body posture is recommended among workers to reduce the chance of injury while lifting and improve their postural safety. The main objectives of this study are to observe the body posture of the worker during lifting and study the comparison of using lower back support when lifting. It also investigates the muscle activity of the worker during heavy lifting using EMG and simulates the worker's movement using CATIA Software for Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) results. The selected grocery was chosen in Kota Samarahan, Sarawak with 7 male respondents are identified to undergo this study. The results show that the worker with lower back support tends to show raw EMG signal with lower muscle activity compared to without using lower back support. Thus, using belt support can reduce muscle activity by up to 67.4% compare to not wearing back support. Raw EMG signals also show 3010 amplitude (mV) muscle activity if postural safety of the workers improved by following the NIOSH lifting Recommendations.
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Antonius, Nicky, Xiangzhu Gao, and Jun Xu. "Applying Enterprise Social Software for Knowledge Management." International Journal of Knowledge and Systems Science 7, no. 4 (2016): 19–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijkss.2016100102.
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This paper investigates the application of Enterprise Social Software for knowledge management in Australia. The Enterprise Social Software researched here assisted in collaborative knowledge sharing to support data-driven decision making. Enterprise Social Software was beneficial for complex tasks, especially those that involved a wide range of collaborators such as multi-disciplinary teams or geographically distant users. Australian knowledge workers found Enterprise Social Software to be extremely helpful in enhancing their externalisation and combination, but less proficient in socialisation and internalisation. In overall, there was agreement among respondents that Enterprise Social Software was facilitating them to meet work requirements which would be very hard or impossible to deliver without. The findings highlight Enterprise Social Software as a technological platform that diffuses the task complexity facing knowledge workers in Australia as a representation of the next generation Knowledge Management Systems.
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Ó Riain, Seán. "The Missing Customer and the Ever-Present Market." Work and Occupations 37, no. 3 (2010): 320–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0730888410373331.
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Although some software engineers and developers work directly with the final users of their product to generate customized software, many do not. However, drawing on an ethnographic study of software developers in a U.S. firm in Ireland, this article argues that both software developers who work closely with customers and those who do not can be thought of as “service workers.” The article extends the analysis of the “service triangle” of workers, managers, and customers to software workers who interact with customers in the software development and support process. It then uses the case of software workers who do not interact with customers to rethink our definition of what counts as service work. For these workers, the customer also looms large in the workplace—but only as an abstract entity to which they should respond and be attentive, mobilized through organizational mechanisms that transmit and simulate market pressures rather than through concrete interactions with customers themselves. The irony is that an organization of production that mobilizes the customer as the driving force of the production process ultimately, and largely unintentionally, marginalizes the customer as irrational and incompetent—an outsider in the service economy, with little input into the technologies they end up using.
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Yadav, Nisha, Kakoli Banerjee, and Vikram Bali. "A Survey on Fatigue Detection of Workers Using Machine Learning." International Journal of E-Health and Medical Communications 11, no. 3 (2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijehmc.2020070101.
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In the software industry, where the quality of the output is based on human performance, fatigue can be a reason for performance degradation. Fatigue not only degrades quality, but is also a health risk factor. Sleep disorders, depression, and stress are all results of fatigue which can contribute to fatal problems. This article presents a comparative study of different techniques which can be used for detecting fatigue of programmers and data miners who spent lots of time in front of a computer screen. Machine learning can used for worker fatigue detection also, but there are some factors which are specific for software workers. One of such factors is screen illumination. Screen illumination is the light of the computer screen or laptop screen that is casted on the workers face and makes it difficult for the machine learning algorithm to extract the facial features. This article presents a comparative study of the techniques which can be used for general fatigue detection and identifies the best techniques.
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Zhang, Xuefeng, and Jiafu Su. "An approach to task recommendation in crowdsourcing based on 2-tuple fuzzy linguistic method." Kybernetes 47, no. 8 (2018): 1623–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/k-12-2017-0468.
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Purpose Task recommendation is an important way for workers and requesters to get better outcomes in shorter time in crowdsourcing. This paper aims to propose an approach based on 2-tuple fuzzy linguistic method to recommend tasks to the workers who would be capable of completing and accept them. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, worker’s capability-to-complete (CTC) and possibility-to-accept (PTA) for a task needs to be recommended are proposed, measured and aggregated to determine worker’s priority for task recommendation. Therein, the similarity between the recommended task and its similar tasks and worker’s performance on these similar tasks are computed and aggregated to determine worker’s CTC quantitatively. In addition, two factors of worker’s active degree and worker’s preferences to a task category are presented to reflect and determine worker’s PTA. In the process of measuring them, 2-tuple fuzzy linguistic method is used to represent, process and aggregate vague and imprecise information. Findings To demonstrate the implementation process and performance of the proposed approach, an illustrative example is conducted on Taskcn, a widely used Chinese online crowdsourcing market. The experimental results show that the proposed approach outperformed the self-selection approach, especially for complex or creative tasks. Moreover, comparing with task recommendation considering worker’s CTC solely, the proposed approach would be better in terms of workers’ response rate. Additionally, the use of linguistic terms and fuzzy linguistic method facilitates the expression of vague and subjective information and makes recommendation process more practical. Research limitations/implications In the study, the authors capture alternative workers, collect workers’ behaviors and compute workers’ CTC and PTA manually. However, as the number of tasks and alternative workers grow, the issue, i.e. how to conveniently collect workers’ behaviors and determine their CTC and PTA, becomes conspicuous and needs to be studied further. Practical implications The proposed approach provides an alternative way to perform tasks posted in crowdsourcing platforms. It can assist workers to contribute to right tasks, and requesters to get outcomes with high quality more efficiently. Originality/value This study proposes an approach to task recommendation in crowdsourcing that integrates workers’ CTC and PTA for the recommended tasks and can deal with vague and imprecise information.
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Van de Ven, Pepijn, Ricardo Araya, Maria Clara P de Paula Couto, et al. "Investigating Software Requirements for Systems Supporting Task-Shifted Interventions: Usability Study." Journal of Medical Internet Research 21, no. 11 (2019): e11346. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/11346.
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Background There is a considerable shortfall in specialized health care professionals worldwide to deliver health services, and this shortfall is especially pronounced in low-middle-income countries. This has led to the implementation of task-shifted interventions, in which specific tasks are moved away from highly qualified health workers to health workers with less training. The World Health Organization (WHO) has published recommendations for such interventions, but guidelines for software and systems supporting such interventions are not included. Objective The objective of this study was to formulate a number of software requirements for computer systems supporting task-shifted interventions. As the treatment of mental health problems is generally considered to be a task for highly trained health care professionals, it poses interesting case studies for task-shifted interventions. Therefore, we illustrated the use of the identified software requirements in a mobile system created for a task-shifted depression intervention to be provided to older adults in deprived areas of São Paulo, Brazil. Methods Using a set of recommendations based on the WHO’s guidance documentation for task-shifted interventions, we identified 9 software requirements that aim to support health workers in management and supervision, training, good relationship with other health workers, and community embeddedness of the intervention. These 9 software requirements were used to implement a system for the provision of a psychosocial depression intervention with mobile Android interfaces to structure interventions and collect data, and Web interfaces for supervision and support of the health care workers delivering the intervention. The system was tested in a 2-arm pilot study with 33 patients and 11 health workers. In all, 8 of these 11 health workers participated in a usability study subsequent to the pilot. Results The qualitative and quantitative feedback obtained with the System Usability Scale suggest that the system was deemed to have a usability of between OK and Good. Nevertheless, some participants’ responses indicated that they felt they needed technical assistance to use the system. This was reinforced by answers obtained with perceived usefulness and ease of use questionnaires, which indicated some users felt that they had issues around correct use of the system and perceived ability to become skillful at using the system. Conclusions Overall, these high-level requirements adequately captured the functionality required to enable the health workers to provide the intervention successfully. Nevertheless, the analysis of results indicated that some improvements were required for the system to be useable in a task-shifted intervention. The most important of these were better access to a training environment, access for supervisors to metadata such as duration of sessions or exercises to identify issues, and a more robust and human-error–proof approach to the availability of patient data on the mobile devices used during the intervention.
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Marks, Abigail, and Dora Scholarios. "Revisiting technical workers: professional and organisational identities in the software industry." New Technology, Work and Employment 22, no. 2 (2007): 98–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-005x.2007.00193.x.
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De Sio, Simone, Fabrizio Cedrone, Edoardo Trovato Battagliola, Giuseppe Buomprisco, Roberto Perri, and Emilio Greco. "The Perception of Psychosocial Risks and Work-Related Stress in Relation to Job Insecurity and Gender Differences: A Cross-Sectional Study." BioMed Research International 2018 (December 19, 2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7649085.
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Introduction. The perception of psychosocial risks exposes workers to develop work-related stress. Recently the attention of scientific research has focused on a psychosocial risk already identified as “job insecurity” that regards the “overall concern about the continued existence of the job in the future” and that also depends on worker’s perception, different for each gender. Aim of the Study. The aim of this cross sectional study is to show if job insecurity, in the form of temporary contracts, can influence the perception of psychosocial risks and therefore increase worker’s vulnerability to work-related stress and how the magnitude of this effect differs between genders. Materials and Methods. 338 administrative technical workers (113 males and 225 females) were administered a questionnaire, enquiring contract typology (permanent or temporary contracts), and the Health Safety Executive questionnaire to assess work-related stress. The Health Safety Executive Analysis Tool software was used to process collected questionnaires and the Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used to evaluate the statistical significance of the differences obtained. Results. Workers with temporary contracts obtained lower scores than workers with permanent contracts in all the domains explored by the Health Safety Executive Analysis questionnaire, statistically significant (P<0,05). The female workers obtained lower scores than male workers in all domains explored by the Health Safety Executive questionnaire. Conclusions. Authors conclude that perception of psychosocial risks can be influenced by job insecurity, in the form of temporary contracts, and increases worker’s vulnerability to work-related stress and differs between genders.
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Andrés Rabosto and Mariano Zukerfeld. "Precarity, precariousness and software workers: wages, unions and subjectivity in the Argentinian software and information services sector." Work Organisation, Labour & Globalisation 11, no. 1 (2017): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.13169/workorgalaboglob.11.1.0087.
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Mayfield, Milton, Jacqueline Mayfield, and Kathy Qing Ma. "Innovation matters: creative environment, absenteeism, and job satisfaction." Journal of Organizational Change Management 33, no. 5 (2020): 715–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jocm-09-2019-0285.
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PurposeWhile there has been an abundance of research on the positive outcomes of creative environment, little work has been done on how creative environment influences the general work outcomes of noncreative specialist workers. The paper aims to fill this void by examining the influence of creative environment on absenteeism among garden variety workers and the mediating role of job satisfaction.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses cross-sectional data of 116 noncreative specialist workers to empirically test the hypotheses. The authors used covariance-based structural equation modeling (SEM) through the lavaan package for the statistical software R.FindingsResults found that, for a cross section of noncreative specialist workers, a one standard deviation increase in a worker's creative environment would decrease that worker's absenteeism by 0.447 standard deviation. The creative environment also explained 11.3% of the variance in absenteeism. Subsequent analysis showed that job satisfaction fully mediated the relationship between the creative environment and absenteeism and that the results were resistant to omitted variable bias.Originality/valueThe study contributes to theory and practice by showing empirically that creative environment leads to positive work outcomes, despite the innovation level required by the job. This study advances research on creative environment by targeting the garden variety workers, underscores the importance of cultivating a creative environment and calls attention to the complexity of the creativity–job affect link.
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Blanas, Sotiris, Gino Gancia, and Sang Yoon (Tim) Lee. "Who is afraid of machines?" Economic Policy 34, no. 100 (2019): 627–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/epolic/eiaa005.
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SUMMARY We study how various types of machines, namely, information and communication technologies, software and especially industrial robots, affect the demand for workers of different education, age and gender. We do so by exploiting differences in the composition of workers across countries, industries and time. Our data set comprises 10 high-income countries and 30 industries, which span roughly their entire economies, with annual observations over the period 1982–2005. The results suggest that software and robots reduced the demand for low- and medium-skill workers, the young and women – especially in manufacturing industries; but raised the demand for high-skill workers, older workers and men – especially in service industries. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that automation technologies, contrary to other types of capital, replace humans performing routine tasks. We also find evidence for some types of workers, especially women, having shifted away from such tasks.
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Shirali, Gholam Abbas, and Leila Nematpour. "Evaluation of resilience engineering using super decisions software." Health Promotion Perspectives 9, no. 3 (2019): 191–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/hpp.2019.27.
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Background: Resilience engineering (RE) is a new approach to upgrade safety management systems. Due to its novelty in the field of safety, RE seems to be promising in providing good indicators to assess priorities in organizational strengths/weaknesses while planning to promote safety within organizations. Several methods have been recently developed to evaluate RE performance. The current study is an attempt to quantify and determine the priorities of RE dimensions in a steel industry using analysis network process (ANP). Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 489 male workers of a steel industry participated. For this purpose, the RE questionnaire was distributed among workers and, then, super decisions software (version 3.2) was used to analyze the data. Results: The results indicated that there was a sufficient level of RE in the organization where top management commitment with normalized weight 0.1781 and awareness-opacity with normalized weight 0.1483 were ranked as the first and last priorities of the organization, respectively. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the top management system, with the adoption of safety policies, has been able to improve the performance of RE in the organization. Managers should consider appropriate measures to improve the RE situation.
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Tetteroo, Daniel, Henk Seelen, Annick Timmermans, and Panos Markopoulos. "Rehabilitation Therapists as Software Creators?" International Journal of Sociotechnology and Knowledge Development 6, no. 1 (2014): 36–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijskd.2014010103.
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The authors discuss the feasibility of End-User Development (EUD) for non-information workers in the context of neurorehabilitation. The authors present a three-week long field deployment of TagTrainer, a system that enables therapists to create, share, and use exercises for arm-hand training with a tangible interactive tabletop application. The experiences suggest that therapists are capable and motivated to create content that is tailored to the training needs of their patients. Three key challenges are identified for enabling EUD practices in a clinical setting, which appear to have a broader relevance outside the specific domain of neurorehabilitation: more support for retrieval and sharing of existing solutions developed by end users, guiding end-user developers to ensure usability and software quality for their creations, and aligning with the revenue model of the organization.
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M. K., Krishna Kumar, and Leyanna Susan George. "Pulmonary function of automobile repair workers in the informal sector of Raichur urban." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 4, no. 5 (2017): 1510. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20171571.
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Background: Automobile repair workers of the informal sector are exposed to dusts, toxic fumes and aerosols. Long term occupational exposure may lead to pulmonary function impairment. Hence, the objectives were to study the occurrence of obstructive and restrictive pulmonary impairment among the automobile repair workers by using pulmonary function test and the factors associated with it.Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out in automobile repair workers who work in informal sector in the urban area of Raichur in Karnataka. The pulmonary function tests viz. Forced Expiratory volume in one second, Forced vital capacity, Peak Expiratory Flow Rate per liter and FEV1/FVC ratio in percentage were measured for each worker in sitting posture using a digital spirometer. Data collected were analyzed in SPSS 16.0 software. Chi-square test and t test was used.Results: Out of the 97 automobile repair workers, 42 (43.3%) had normal pulmonary function. Among the abnormal PFT, 20 (20.6%) had obstructive lung function, 25 (25.8%) had restrictive lung function and 10 (10.3%) had mixed obstructive and restrictive lung function. The workers with abnormal PFT consisted of body repair workers (25.0%), mechanical workers (38.1%), spray painters (75.0%), battery repair workers (100.0%) and tyre retreading workers (88.9%).Conclusions: In this study, 56.7% of workers had some form of pulmonary function impairment. Smoking, increase in duration of work hours and years of work showed significant pulmonary impairment. The study highlights the need for creating awareness and encouraging the use of protective gears such as masks, early screening, diagnosis and treatment of respiratory diseases among the garage workers.
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Ibraev, Serik A., Z. Z. Zharylkassyn, E. Z. Otarov, et al. "SOFTWARE COMPLEX FOR THE MONITORING OCCUPATIONAL RISK TO THE HEALTH OF WORKERS." Hygiene and sanitation 97, no. 2 (2018): 171–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2018-97-2-171-174.
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The development of the software complex as an information system of the monitoring and risk evaluation in an industrial plant was carried out as one of the innovative directions of the formation of scientific bases of the preventive environment which possess of capabilities to adapt to a particular enterprise and working conditions. The system includes both traditional methods of statistical analysis and methodologies for the adoption of management solutions for a professional risk, as well as innovative approaches as methods of logical-probabilistic analysis, with the adaptive mechanisms of the clarifying crucial rules based on the permanently updated database. This system is presented in a structured form as Software complex «Occupational risk-monitoring of the health of workers».
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Upadhya, Carol. "Controlling offshore knowledge workers: Power and agency in India's software outsourcing industry." New Technology, Work and Employment 24, no. 1 (2009): 2–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-005x.2008.00215.x.
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Pirkkalainen, Henri, and Jan M. Pawlowski. "Global social knowledge management – Understanding barriers for global workers utilizing social software." Computers in Human Behavior 30 (January 2014): 637–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.07.041.
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Queiroz, Ramberta M. L. T., Beatriz Da C. A. Alves, Glaucia L. Da Veiga, et al. "The effects of work on the health of workers from textile hub in a semi-arid region of Brazil." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 8, no. 6 (2021): 2740. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20211977.
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Background: The main activity in the textile hub is to turn fibers into yarn, yarn into cloth and cloth into textile articles for household use. The aim of this study was to identify the occupational hazards in the textile industry.Methods: This is a transversal descriptive study that took place in the textile hub of Brazil. The environmental risk prevention program (PPRA) of the companies was used to analyse the workers' complaints through their occupational health records and to examine the collected data along with the effects on the worker's health after one year of work. A total of 128 workers took part in this study, with a mean age of 27.2 years. The statistical analysis was performed by using the software SPSS 20.0.Results: A year after, an increase in leisure time was observed thanks to the workers' monthly salaries, but an increase in hospitalization rate was noted, and hearing loss could also be detected.Conclusions: Therefore, the health of these workers was affected after one year of work.
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Zyskowski, Kathryn, and Kristy Milland. "A Crowded Future: Working against Abstraction on Turker Nation." Catalyst: Feminism, Theory, Technoscience 4, no. 2 (2018): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.28968/cftt.v4i2.29581.
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This paper examines digital labor and community through an ethnography of a discussion board supporting short-term digital contract workers on the Amazon Mechanical Turk (mTurk). First, we give a thorough overview of mTurk, the crowdsourcing marketplace, and Turker Nation, a discussion board for workers on mTurk. We trace the experience of interacting with this infrastructure on mTurk as worker and employer. Following, we look at scholarship on software infrastructure and autonomous Marxist theorizations of contemporary work. We demonstrate how the labor of participating on the discussion board Turker Nation helps to counter the abstraction the infrastructure provides. We show how workers on Turker Nation use the platform to structure time, build socializing spaces at work and initiate collective organizing. In doing so, we argue that workers’ labor belies conventional class classification, such as white-collar and blue-collar labor and instead lays the groundwork for how to structure future digital workplaces. We argue that this laboring resists the assumed logic of capitalism for digital labor that subsumes and takes over workers’ lives and conclude by looking at the limitations of the community’s collective organizing in terms of agreeing on points to communicated to the public.
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Maruta, Rikio. "Transforming knowledge workers into innovation workers to improve corporate productivity." Knowledge-Based Systems 30 (June 2012): 35–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.knosys.2011.06.017.
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Ribeiro, Luana Cássia Miranda, Adenícia Custódia Silva e. Souza, Anaclara Ferreira Veiga Tipple, Dulcelene Sousa Melo, Myrian Karla Ayres Veronez Peixoto, and Denize Bouttelet Munari. "Intervening factors in attention flow of professionals injured by biological material." Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP 48, no. 3 (2014): 507–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0080-623420140000300017.
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Objective: To describe the barriers and facilitator factors to follow the attention flow of professionals injured by biological material in the worker perspective. Method: Qualitative descriptive study with data collected through individual interviews with 18 injured workers, assisted in reference public units in the city of Goiânia. The content analysis was carried out with assistance of the ATLAS.ti 6.2 software, under the work organization and subjective perspectives. Results: From the interviews regarding the barriers and facilitator factors emerged the categories: organizational structure, Support from close people, and Knowledge influence. Conclusion: The organized services have enabled more qualified consultations and the workers follow-up, which caused a satisfaction feeling in relation to the working environment.
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Ngo, Sriya, Carolyn M. Sommerich, and Anthony F. Luscher. "Digital Human Modeling of Obese & Aging Workers in Automotive Manufacturing." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 60, no. 1 (2016): 1041–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931213601241.
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Digital human modeling has become an important tool in several industries, particularly in manufacturing. However, when these models are used, their use is often limited to “50th percentile” male and female models. The dimension is typically not explicitly named, but is inferred to be stature. The U.S. population is growing in size and age, which increases the range of abilities and limitations of the workforce. The objective of this study was to improve the understanding of how to better create and utilize digital human models that reflects a worker population that is diverse in stature, weight, and age. Previous research has yet to adequately incorporate this range of human population diversity into human digital modeling used in industrial modeling applications. Through use of CATIA Delmia (Dassault Systémes), a popular digital human modeling software tool, this research investigates how modeling software can be utilized in a number of ways to depict variations in worker size and age, for planning manual assembly and other work tasks. Validation of the models was assessed through filming, questionnaires, and interviews of workers in an automobile assembly plant. This research was able to show the limitations of current applications of human modeling with respect to the age, weight, and stature of a diverse worker population and provides suggestions for how to improve modeling.
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McManus, John. "The Global Software Industry Evaluating the Software Markets of the BRIC Nations." Asia Pacific Business Review 3, no. 2 (2007): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097324700700300201.
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The world software industry and associated markets are estimated to be worth 1.1 trillion US Dollars, ninety percent of the world's exports in software is from the United States and Europe evidence would also suggest that outside the United States and Europe, the new and emerging countries within the software industry are Brazil, Russia, India and China (known as the BRIC Nations). The Software industry greatly affects the economic systems of these countries. Although figures vary these emerging markets account currently for around 6 per cent of global export markets. While “lower cost labour” is the most commonly cited reason for offshoring, intense global competition in an environment of slower growth and low inflation demands constant vigilance over costs. Due to low costs and high quality, using offshore resources in selected countries seems to make good economic sense. Beyond the cost incentive, global sourcing provides several other practical benefits including: the ability of multinational organisations to efficiently stage all year round operations; the opportunity to customize products and services to meet local needs; and the means of geographically deploying workers and facilities to succeed in globally dispersed, highly competitive markets. This paper examines some of the issues within these emerging countries within the wider global software industry.
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Kameo, Nahoko. "A Culture of Uncertainty: Interaction and Organizational Memory in Software Engineering Teams under a Productivity Scheme." Organization Studies 38, no. 6 (2017): 733–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0170840616685357.
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Drawing on an ethnography of software engineering teams that introduced a new and empowerment-centered productivity scheme, this study delineates how, despite management’s affirmation of its commitment, software engineers produced and reproduced a ‘culture of uncertainty’ characterized by constant doubt about how long the scheme would last. Engineers shared previous experiences of failed productivity schemes and collectively used this organizational memory to understand their new situation. Workers drew on this organizational memory in everyday interaction to sustain a culture in which everyday management decisions served as indicators of management’s potential abandonment of the scheme; as a result, workers remained uncommitted to the scheme. Workers interactionally employed organizational memory as a resource that they used to interpret and respond to changes. Analysis of this process shows the links between organizational memory, culture creation, and culture’s influence on productivity scheme changes.
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Khairil and Hari Aspriyono. "Implementasi Metode SAW dalam Penilaian Kinerja Tenaga Harian Lepas." Jurnal Teknik 19, no. 1 (2021): 85–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.37031/jt.v19i1.148.
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The performance assessment of Civil Servants at the Bengkulu Province Communication, Informatics, and Statistics Service (Diskominkotik) process has utilized an e-performance application. However, the assessment of daily workers' performance is not included, which means evaluating their performance and competence would take a long time. This study aims to determine daily workers to get the best performance rewards using the Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) method. The research method used was the waterfall method, supported by data from observations, interviews, and questionnaires. Unified Modeling Language (UML) was used to analyze and design the system and in the coding stage, Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 software connected to a MySQL database was used, and in the testing stage, a Black-box testing approach was employed. The results showed that the implementation of the SAW method in the decision support system application could speed up the process of evaluating the performance of daily workers at Bengkulu Province Diskominkotik. Furthermore, daily workers’ performance appraisal became more objective because it involves the participation of many parties so that the results of the best daily worker employee performance appraisal can be accepted by various parties.
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Shang, Rui, YongMei Ma, Farhad Ali, et al. "Selection of Crowd in Crowdsourcing for Smart Intelligent Applications: A Systematic Mapping Study." Scientific Programming 2021 (July 8, 2021): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9368128.
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Crowdsourcing is a task-solving model in which human crowd is hired to solve a particular task. During the crowdsourcing process, the crowd selection is performed in order to select appropriate crowd workers for a specific task; without appropriate selection of crowd workers, the process of crowdsourcing is aimless. The main goal of this paper was to identify the features of crowd in crowdsourcing activity, reasons behind crowd participation in the activity of crowdsourcing, and the existing techniques that were utilized for crowd selection in crowdsourcing. Search strings with corresponding keywords were used to capture relevant studies related to crowdsourcing, and crowd selection was classified under conference papers, journal articles, proceedings, and book chapters. 81 relevant studies are selected from 7 digital data repositories using a search strategy. In crowdsourcing practices, crowd selection was considerably addressed. Nonetheless, it has been noticed that the selection is based only on a single crowd worker attribute such as confidence, past success, efficiency, and experience. For the efficiency and effectiveness of the crowdsourcing operation, crowd selection on multicriteria features is essential.
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Bo, Jianzhu, Fan Shi, Xi Wang, et al. "Statistical Analysis for Identifying Differentially MicroRNA in Serum Exosomes of Lead Workers." Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2020 (December 2, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8841127.
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Exosomes can transmit central nervous system (CNS) information to the peripheral circulatory system through the brain barrier, and exosomes in the blood can also enter the central nervous system likewise. The components of exosomal contents play a pivotal role in cell signal communication, and thus, the transmission of exosomal content components is considered as a newly discovered method of long-distance communication between cells. The current is aimed to explore the changes of the exosomal microRNA group in the serum of lead-exposed workers, which might be involved in the lead-induced neuroinflammation, especially the activation of microglia and the release of inflammatory factors. We proposed a method combining statistical analysis and experiment according to the different expression of exosomal microRNA. Firstly, we divided workers into two groups, lead-exposed group and control group, and then questionnaires were used to obtain their basic information, and medical testing methods were used to obtain their serum exosomes. Secondly, principal component analysis was used to construct a comprehensive index of neurobehavioral function. Furthermore, volcano map and heatmap were used to display the differential gene distribution and correlation analysis of expression levels, respectively. Finally, two software applications, TargetScan and miRanda, were used to predict the target genes of the significantly different microRNAs, respectively, and the target genes predicted by the two software applications are screened according to the scoring standards of each software. Our results showed that 73 microRNAs were changed in the serum exosomes of lead-exposed worker, among which 48 microRNAs are upregulated and 25 microRNAs are downregulated. Moreover, the miR-124 and miR-506 were identified, and they might be involved in the process of lead-induced neuroinflammation.
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Rehman, Zahid Ur, Saira Sherin, Sajjad Husain, Noor Muhammad, and Talat Bilal. "Assessment and Quantification of Risks Associated with Small Scale Mining, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan." International Journal of Economic and Environmental Geology 11, no. 3 (2020): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.46660/ijeeg.vol11.iss3.2020.478.
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Small scale mining industry is considered more hazardous than other industries worldwide. Large number of workers receive minor and major injuries leading to disabilities or loss of lives due to frequent accidents in mines. Main causes of accidents in mines are fall of roof, improper ventilation system, gases, fires and mine explosions. Beside these hazards, violation of rules and regulations for mine workers are common, which also cause accidents. This paper is focused on issues associated with the health and safety of workers of Cherat Coal Mines (CCM), Abbottabad Coal Mine (ACM) and Abbottabad Soapstone Mine (ASM), Pakistan. The collected data were analyzed with SPSS computer statistics software. The data analyses indicated that the lack of education and violation of safety laws cause accidents in mines. Results show that problems that were rated higher by more than 60% of workers included slide and fall, dust, roof fall and explosive related hazards. In survey more than 50% of the workers admitted the existence of gases, fire and low height mines are common hazards in their workplace. The results also indicated that not only workers but management are also affected by accidents. More than 17% of worker in CCM faced serious accidents up to 3 times during one year. Up to 26% of workers in CCM, 13% in ACM and 15% in ASM suffered accidents for which they had 3 workdays off. It has been concluded that training should be arranged, especially the safety related training on regular basis to reduce the risk of accidents.
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Laurini, E., M. Rotilio, P. De Berardinis, et al. "COFLEX: FLEXIBLE BRACELET ANTI COVID-19 TO PROTECT CONSTRUCTION WORKERS." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVI-4/W1-2021 (September 3, 2021): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlvi-4-w1-2021-63-2021.
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Abstract. To implement the protocol contrasting the diffusion of Covid-19, the employer is required, to ensure the safety and health of the worker at work, to adopt measures related to the control of body temperature (with respect for privacy), the minimum distance during work and all other activities such as breaks, canteen breaks, access to toilets, in addition to the adoption of specifically developed safety procedures, such as e.g. the use of man-down detection devices. In this context, the project aims to illustrate a system able of providing support in the safeguarding of workers' health on construction sites. This system, based on information received from sensors capable of identifying workers' positions (e.g., if less than 1m away) and their vital parameters (e.g., body temperature, gasped breathing), as well as moving objects inside the construction site area (e.g., to check if a worker is passing under a moving crane), will raise early alerts directly to the workers and/or to the central software, with respect for privacy, to immediately activate all the necessary measures to mitigate the risk. The system, based on the data communicated by the various sensors, will store and process them for the purpose of extracting useful information for risk management. The proposed system configured itself as a new product taking advantage from a high Technology Readiness Level maturated from the Smart Safety Belt already developed by some of the authors.
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Arya Putra N.N, Sidiq, Nunung Widyaningsih, and Bambang P.K. Bintoro. "Influence of workers performance to implementation of security, safety, health, and sustainability." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 9, no. 2 (2020): 520. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v9i2.30654.
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This study was carried out to investigate and analyze the effect of worker behavior on security, safety, health, and sustainability (In Indonesian referred to as Keamanan, Keselamatan, Kesehatan, and Keberlanjutan or K4). This study employed a descriptive research method using a quantitative approach. The sample/ subject of the study was obtained through a random sample method with a total sample of 55 respondents. Data analysis in this study was conducted using Partial Least Square (PLS); a variant based choice method of the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) method. This method was used to explain the relationship of an independent variable with its indicators and to illustrate the relationship between an independent and dependent variable using the SmartPLS software. The results of the analysis indicate that K4 was strongly influenced by the behavior of construction workers with the highest significance value in the sequence, namely the workers, attitude, knowledge, and actions.
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Grznár, Patrik, Martin Krajčovič, Arkadiusz Gola, et al. "The Use of a Genetic Algorithm for Sorting Warehouse Optimisation." Processes 9, no. 7 (2021): 1197. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9071197.
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In the last decade, simulation software as a tool for managing and controlling business processes has received a lot of attention. Many of the new software features allow businesses to achieve better quality results using optimisation, such as genetic algorithms. This article describes the use of modelling and simulation in shipment and sorting processes that are optimised by a genetic algorithm’s involvement. The designed algorithm and simulation model focuses on optimising the duration of shipment processing times and numbers of workers. The commercially available software Tecnomatix Plant Simulation, paired with a genetic algorithm, was used for optimisation, decreasing time durations, and thus selecting the most suitable solution for defined inputs. This method has produced better results in comparison to the classical heuristic methods and, furthermore, is not as time consuming. This article, at its core, describes the algorithm used to determine the optimal number of workers in sorting warehouses with the results of its application. The final part of this article contains an evaluation of this proposal compared to the original methods, and highlights what benefits result from such changes. The major purpose of this research is to determine the number of workers needed to speed up the departure of shipments and optimise the workload of workers.
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Rynkiewich, Katharina, Jinal Makhija, Mary Carl Froilan, et al. "Healthcare Worker Experiences Implementing CRE Infection Control Measures at a vSNF—A Qualitative Analysis." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 41, S1 (2020): s244—s245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.802.
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Background: During 2017–2019 in the Chicago region, several ventilator-capable skilled nursing facilities (vSNFs) participated in a quality improvement project to control the spread of highly prevalent carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE). With guidance from regional project coordinators and public health departments that involved education, assistance with implementation, and adherence monitoring, the facilities implemented a CRE prevention bundle that included a hand hygiene campaign that promoted alcohol-based hand rub, contact precautions (personal protective equipment with glove/gown) for care of CRE-colonized residents, and 2% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) wipes for routine resident bathing. We conducted a qualitative study to better understand the ways that vSNF employees engage with the implementation of such infection control measures. Methods: A PhD-candidate medical anthropologist conducted semistructured interviews with management (N = 5), nursing staff (N = 6), and certified nursing assistants (N = 6) at a vSNF in the Chicago region (Illinois) between September 2018 and November 2018. More than 11 hours of semistructured interviews were collected and transcribed. Data collection and analysis focused on identifying healthcare worker experiences during an infection control intervention. Transcriptions of the data were analyzed using thematic coding aided by MAXQDA qualitative analysis software. Results: Healthcare workers described the facility using language associated with a family environment (Table 1). Furthermore, healthcare workers demonstrated motivation to implement infection control policies (Table 2). However, healthcare workers expressed cultural and structural challenges encountered during implementation, such as their belief that some infection control measures discouraged maintenance of a home-like environment, lack of time, and understaffing. Some healthcare workers perceived that alcohol-based hand rub was ineffective over time and left unpleasant textures on the skin. Additionally, some workers did not trust the available gown and gloves used to prevent transmission. Lastly, healthcare workers typically did not prefer 2% CHG wipes over soap and water, citing residual resident postbathing smell as one indicator of CHG ineffectiveness. Conclusions: In a vSNF we found both considerable support and challenges implementing a CRE prevention bundle from the healthcare worker perspective. Healthcare workers were dedicated to recreating a home-like environment for their residents, which sometimes felt at odds with infection control interventions. Residual misconceptions (eg, alcohol-based hand rub is not effective) and negative worker perceptions (eg, permeability of contact precaution gowns and/or residue from alcohol-based hand rub) suggest that ongoing education and participation by healthcare workers in evaluating infection control products for interventions is critical.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None
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Parra, Lina, Leonardo Quintero, and María Fernanda Maradei Garcia. "Decreasing the load on the lower back with an ergonomic cutting tool for harvesting oil palm bunches." DYNA 85, no. 207 (2018): 214–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/dyna.v85n207.69836.
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Harvesting palm oil crops involve different risk factors that decrease workers’ safety and physical integrity. This paper compares stress on the lower back when using the conventional tool and a new cutting system for cutting bunches. The biomechanical analysis is carried out using simulations generated by JACK Siemens software. The study found a 95.97% reduction of intradiscal compression (L4/L5) when cutting bunches and showed that pressure on all joints was reduced, in certain cases, such as the back and elbow, by up to 100%. That is, when cutting using the new system, the worker maintains a neutral posture of the spine. The new design comprises a point of support on which the tool rests and means that workers only have to direct the blade. Future studies should compare both tools in terms of productivity while preserving the ergonomic characteristics.
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Kundapur, Poornima Panduranga, and Lewlyn Lester Raj Rodrigues. "Analysis of a Theoretical KMS Model Implementation in the Indian IT Sector Using PLS-SEM." Journal of Information & Knowledge Management 16, no. 01 (2017): 1750001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219649217500010.
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The software industry being highly resource-oriented tries to ensure that knowledge residing in the minds of the employees is effectively utilised for leveraging core business competencies. Therefore, providing effective knowledge management systems (KMSs) to utilise this knowledge for optimising business processes has become crucial for enterprises to stay competitive. This paper attempts to assess the effectiveness of KMS implementations from a knowledge workers’ perspective via six dimensions of the Jennex and Olfman (J&O) KMS success model. Quantitative data was collected through a web-based survey questionnaire from knowledge workers in 25 Indian software companies. Statistical analysis of the study’s model was conducted using SmartPLS® (version 2.0.M3) software for assessment of both measurement and structural models. The empirical analysis of the model’s hypotheses indicated that a knowledge worker’s intent to use a KMS is significantly dependent on Service and Knowledge/Information Quality dimensions of J&O KMS success model. This paper implies that the J&O KMS success model seems to have adequate predictive power for most implied variables with the exception of System Quality. The J&O KMS success model from a practical point of view offers a means for organisations to evaluate and predict the effectiveness of KMS implementations. The results produced in this study may allow KM practitioners to know more about the levers that help to improve their KMS and thus suitably prioritise their investment plans accordingly.
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Dutheil, Frédéric, Morteza Charkhabi, Hortense Ravoux, et al. "Exploring the Link between Work Addiction Risk and Health-Related Outcomes Using Job-Demand-Control Model." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 20 (2020): 7594. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17207594.
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Purpose of the study: Work addiction risk is a growing public health concern with potential deleterious health-related outcomes. Perception of work (job demands and job control) may play a major role in provoking the risk of work addiction in employees. We aimed to explore the link between work addiction risk and health-related outcomes using the framework of job-demand-control model. Methods: Data were collected from 187 out of 1580 (11.8%) French workers who agreed to participate in a cross-sectional study using the WittyFit software online platform. The self-administered questionnaires were the Job Content Questionnaire by Karasek, the Work Addiction Risk Test, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale and socio-demographics. Data Analysis: Statistical analyses were performed using the Stata software (version 13). Results: There were five times more workers with a high risk of work addiction among those with strong job demands than in those with low job demands (29.8% vs. 6.8%, p = 0.002). Addiction to work was not linked to job control (p = 0.77), nor with social support (p = 0.22). We demonstrated a high risk of work addiction in 2.6% of low-strain workers, in 15.0% of passive workers, in 28.9% of active workers, and in 33.3% of high-strain workers (p = 0.010). There were twice as many workers with a HAD-Depression score ≥11 compared with workers at low risk (41.5% vs. 17.7%, p = 0.009). Sleep quality was lower in workers with a high risk of work addiction compared with workers with a low risk of work addiction (44.0 ± 27.3 vs. 64.4 ± 26.8, p < 0.001). Workers with a high risk of work addiction exhibited greater stress at work (68.4 ± 23.2 vs. 47.5 ± 25.1) and lower well-being (69.7 ± 18.3 vs. 49.3 ± 23.0) compared with workers at low risk (p < 0.001). Conclusions: High job demands are strongly associated with the risk of work addiction. Work addiction risk is associated with greater depression and poor quality of sleep. Preventive strategies should benefit from identifying more vulnerable workers to work addiction risk.
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Aula, Heppy Ridhatul, Dewi Kurniasih, and Farizi Rachman. "Psychological Capital Impacts on Safety Behavior of Contractor Workers using the SEM Method." Indonesian Journal Of Occupational Safety and Health 10, no. 2 (2021): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/ijosh.v10i2.2021.180-187.
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Introduction: A steam power plant company is an electric energy production company, utilizing main energy sources such as coal, biomass, and other energies that are related to production process. This company is a big industry that operates 24 hours and have many various steps of production process. It is also supported by a variety of high-risk system equipment such as confined spaces, working at height, hot work, ergonomics, mechanics, and others. This type of work can lead to workers’ unsafe conditions and unsafe acts. One of the causes is the psychological aspects of workers, namely the lack of workers’ awareness and understanding in implementing occupational safety aspects. Workers’ psychology in this study is Psychological Capital (PsyCap) with self-efficacy, hope, optimism, and resilience dimensions. This study aims to analyze PsyCap impacts on safety behavior of contractor workers. Methods: this study was an observational analytic research using cross-sectional approach. The population was all workers in a steam power plant company in units 7&8, totalling 400 contractors. This study was conducted by distributing questionnaires to 101 respondents of contractor workers. The questionnaires consisted of items about self-efficacy, hope, optimism, and resilience dimension of PsyCap and safety compliance and safety participation dimension of safety behavior. The analysis used a Structural Equational Modeling (SEM) method and AMOS software. Results: PsyCap dimensions that impacted on safety behavior was optimism. Conclusion: optimism dimension was the factor that had the strongest impact on safety behavior especially workers’ safety compliance. Meanwhile, other PsyCap dimensions which did not have not impact on safety behavior were safety compliance and safety participation dimensions.Keywords: contractor worker, psychological capital, safety behavior, steam power plant company, structural equational modelling
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Clemens, Michael A. "Why Do Programmers Earn More in Houston than Hyderabad? Evidence from Randomized Processing of US Visas." American Economic Review 103, no. 3 (2013): 198–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.103.3.198.
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Why do workers earn so much more in the United States than in India? This study compares the earnings of workers in the two countries in a unique setting. The product is perfectly tradable (software), technology differences are nil (they are members of the same work team), and the workers are identical in expectation (those who enter the United States are chosen by natural randomization). The results suggest that output tradability, technology, and human capital together explain much less than half of the earnings gap. Location itself may have large effects on individual workers' wages and productivity, for reasons poorly understood.