Relevant bibliographies by topics / Soil

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Soil'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 8 March 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Soil"

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Hamad, Asal Mahmud, and Mahmood Gazey Jassam. "A Comparative Study for the Effect of Some Petroleum Products on the Engineering Properties of Gypseous Soils." Tikrit Journal of Engineering Sciences 29, no. 3 (October 15, 2022): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjes.29.3.7.

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Gypseous soils are considered problematic soils because the soil cavities happen during receiving the water or this type of soil and solving gypsum materials and contract in a soil volume. In this study, three types of gypseous soils are used; soil1, soil2, and soil3 with gypsum content (28.71%, 43.6%, and 54.88%) respectively, petroleum products (engine oil, fuel oil, and kerosene) are added to the soils with percentages (3%, 6%, 9%, and 12%) for each product. The result showed that specific gravity, liquid limit, optimum moisture content (O.M.C), and maximum dry density decreased with an increased percentage of product for all types of products. The direct shear (dry and soaked case) results show that increasing the (angle of internal friction and the soil cohesion) for soil1, soil2, and soil3 by adding engine oil and fuel oil. Still, when the soils were treated with kerosene, the angle of internal friction increased while cohesion decreased. The collapse potential for the treated soils increases with increasing gypsum content for all petroleum products. The collapse potential (CP) for (soil1) decreased by 47% when using 6% of the engine oil, 48.8% when using 9% of the fuel oil, and 55% when using 9% of the kerosene. The same percentage of the petroleum products (engine oil, fuel oil, and kerosene) decrease the collapse potential for (soil2), (47%, 46%, and 50%) respectively and decrease the collapse potential for (soil 3), (51%, 47.7%, and 52%) respectively. In the unconfined compressive test applied on (soil1) using maximum density, the results show that the soil strength increased (26% and 10%) when using 6% and engine oil and fuel oil, respectively, while the soil strength decreased by 29% when treated with 9% of kerosene.
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Brodský, L., A. Klement, V. Penížek, R. Kodešová, and L. Borůvka. "Building soil spectral library of the Czech soils for quantitative digital soil mapping." Soil and Water Research 6, No. 4 (November 28, 2011): 165–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/24/2011-swr.

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  Spectral libraries are the data archives of spectral signatures measured on natural and/or man-made materials. Here, the objective is to build a soil spectral library of the Czech soils (SSL-CZ). Further on, the overall aim is to apply diffuse reflectance spectroscopy as a tool for digital soil mapping. An inevitable part of the library is a metadata database that stores the corresponding auxiliary information on the soils: type of material (soil, parent material), sample preparation, location of the sample with geographic coordinates, soil classification, morphological features, soil laboratory measurements – chemical, physical, and potential biological properties, geophysical features of and climatological information on the sample location. The metadata database consists of seven general tables (General, Spatial, Soil class, Environmental, Auxiliary, Analytical and Spectra) relationally linked together. The stored information allows for a wide range of analyses and for modelling developments of digital soil mapping applications. An example of partial least-square regression (PLSR) modelling for soil pH and clay content with 0.84 and 0.68 coefficients of determination is provided on the subset of the collected data. Currently, the SSL-CZ database contains more than 500 records in the first phase of development. Spectral reflectance signatures are stored in the range of 350 to 2500 nm with a step of 1 nm measured by ASD FieldSpec 3. The soil spectral library developed is fully compatible with Global Soil Spectral Library (Soil Spectroscopy Group).
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Aitken, RL, and PW Moody. "Interrelations between soil pH measurements in various electrolytes and soil solution pH in acidic soils." Soil Research 29, no. 4 (1991): 483. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9910483.

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Ninety soil samples (81 surface, 9 subsurface) were collected from eastern Queensland and soil pH (1:5 soi1:solution) was measured in each of deionized water (pH,), 0.01 M CaCl2, 0-002 M CaCl2 and 1 M KCl. Soil solution was extracted from each soil after incubation for 4 days at the 10 kPa matric suction moisture content, and pH (pHss) and electrical conductivity were measured. The objectives of this work were to investigate interrelationships between soil pH measurements in various electrolytes and soil solution pH in a suite of predominantly acidic soils. Although the relationships between pHw and pH measured in the other electrolytes could be described by linear regression, the fitting of quadratic equations improved the coefficients of determination, indicating the relationships were curvilinear. The majority of soils exhibited variable charge characteristics (CEC increases with soil pH) and the curvilinear trend is explained on this basis. At low pH, the difference between pH, and pH measured in an electrolyte will be small compared with the difference at higher pH values because, in general, at low pH, soils will be closer to their respective PZSE (pH at which electrolyte strength has no effect). Of the electrolytes used, pH measured in 0.002 M CaCl2 gave the closest approximation to pHs,. However, when soils with ionic strengths greater than 0.018 M were selected (predominantly cultivated surface soils), pH in 0.01 M CaCl2 gave the best approximation to pHss. For predicting pHss, the ionic strength of the electrolyte will need to be matched to that of the soils studied. For a suite of soils with a large range in soil solution ionic strength (as in this study), it is preferable to measure pHss directly.
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Poyon Kizi, Khayitova Sanobar. "SOIL SCIENCE AND SOIL TERMINOLOGY." European International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Management Studies 02, no. 11 (November 1, 2022): 42–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.55640/eijmrms-02-11-12.

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Soil science involves the study of the formation and distribution of soil, the biological, chemical and physical properties and processes of soil and how these processes interact with wider systems to help inform environmental management, industry and sustainable development.
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Najafi-Ghiri, M., and A. Abtahi. "Potassium fixation in soil size fractions of arid soils." Soil and Water Research 8, No. 2 (May 15, 2013): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/52/2012-swr.

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Amounts of potassium (K) fixed in soil fractions of 10 calcareous soils of southern Iran were measured to evaluate the contributions of different soil size fractions to K fixation. Soil particles were fractionated after dispersion of the soils with an ultrasonic probe. Potassium fixation analysis was done by addition of 1000 mg K/kg samples. Mineralogy of the size fractions was determined by X-ray diffraction. The clay fractions were dominated by smectite, chlorite, mica, and palygorskite. Potassium fixation capacities ranged from 104 to 148 mg/kg for clay, from 102 to 155 mg/kg for silt, and from 96 to 187 mg/kg for sand fractions. A positive and significant relationship (P < 0.05) was obtained between K fixation capacity and smectite content for the clay fractions. High amounts of K fixed in the sand fraction may be explained by a larger diffusion path of fixed K out of the frayed edges of micaceous and smectitic minerals into the extracting solution, low cation exchange capacity (CEC) of the coarse fraction and thereby the high concentration gradient along solution and interlayers, physical entrapment of K ions in coarse aggregates cemented by carbonates, and by the presence of clay particles in coarse fractions due to incomplete dispersion of coarse aggregates.
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Kodešová, R. "Miroslav Kutílek – Professor of soil science, soil physics and soil hydrology." Soil and Water Research 3, Special Issue No. 1 (June 30, 2008): S5—S6. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/1412-swr.

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Vopravil, J., M. Janeček, and M. Tippl. "Revised soil erodibility K-factor for soils in the Czech Republic." Soil and Water Research 2, No. 1 (January 7, 2008): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/2100-swr.

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In the territory of the Czech Republic there are more than 50% of agricultural soils exposed to water erosion; it is a very urgent problem both at present and for the future. It must be solved now when there is still something to be protected. It is rather complicated to describe the soil properties in terms of soil susceptibility to water erosion because it is a complex relation in which many factors participate. For the complex evaluation of all main factors participating in erosion origination it is possible to apply the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE). It consists of six factors interacting with each other and participating in the origination of soil erosion. One of these factors is the soil erodibility factor (K-factor), the revision of which for soil conditions of the CR is the subject of this study. In total ca. 5000 soil pits from the whole territory of the country were processed and evaluated in detail. The main results of this study are K-factor values (means and variances) for the soil types, subtypes and varieties (represented in the database) according to the Taxonomic Classification System of Soils of the Czech Republic.
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Romanova, Tatyana, Aliaksandr Chervan, and Nadezhda Ivakhnenko. "The essence of soil and soil formation in accordance with soil water regime." Journal of Geography and Cartography 7, no. 2 (November 4, 2024): 6271. http://dx.doi.org/10.24294/jgc.v7i2.6271.

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The obtaining of new data on the transformation of parent materials into soil and on soil as a set of essential properties is provided on the basis of previously conducted fundamental studies of soils formed on loess-like loams in Belarus (15,000 numerical indicators). The study objects are autochthonous soils of uniform granulometric texture. The basic properties without which soils cannot exist are comprehensively considered. Interpolation of factual materials is given, highlighting the essential properties of soils. Soil formation is analyzed as a natural phenomenon depending on the life activity of biota and the water regime. Models for differentiation of the chemical profile and bioenergy potential of soils are presented. The results of the represented study interpret the available materials taking into account publications on the biology and water regime of soils over the past 50 years into three issues: the difference between soil and soil-like bodies; the soil formation as a natural phenomenon of the mobilization of soil biota from the energy of the sun, the atmosphere, and the destruction of minerals in the parent materials; and the essence of soil as a solid phase and as an ecosystem. The novelty of the article study is determined by the consideration of the priority of microorganisms and water regime in soil formation, chemical-analytical identification of types of water regime, and determination of the water regime as a marker of soil genesis.
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Behrens, T., K. Gregor, and W. Diepenbrock. "Separation of soil and canopy reflectance signatures of Mid German agricultural soils." Plant, Soil and Environment 51, No, 7 (November 19, 2011): 296–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3589-pse.

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Remote sensing can provide visual indications of crop growth during production season. In past, spectral optical estimations were well performed in the ability to be correlated with crop and soil properties but were not consistent within the whole production season. To better quantify vegetation properties gathered via remote sensing, models of soil reflectance under changing moisture conditions are needed. Signatures of reflected radiation were acquired for several Mid German agricultural soils in laboratory and field experiments. Results were evaluated at near-infrared spectral region at the wavelength of 850 nm. The selected soils represented different soil colors and brightness values reflecting a broad range of soil properties. At the wavelength of 850 nm soil reflectance ranged between 10% (black peat) and 74% (white quartz sand). The reflectance of topsoils varied from 21% to 32%. An interrelation was found between soil brightness rating values and spectral optical reflectance values in form of a linear regression. Increases of soil water content from 0% to 25% decreased signatures of soil reflectance at 850 nm of two different soil types about 40%. The interrelation of soil reflectance and soil moisture revealed a non-linear exponential function. Using knowledge of the individual signature of soil reflectance as well as the soil water content at the measurement, soil reflectance could be predicted. As a result, a clear separation is established between soil reflectance and reflectance of the vegetation cover if the vegetation index is known.
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Beylich, Anneke, Hans-Rudolf Oberholzer, Stefan Schrader, Heinrich Höper, and Berndt-Michael Wilke. "Evaluation of soil compaction effects on soil biota and soil biological processes in soils." Soil and Tillage Research 109, no. 2 (August 2010): 133–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2010.05.010.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Soil"

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Alvenäs, Gunnel. "Evaporation, soil moisture and soil temperature of bare and cropped soils /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 1999. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/1999/91-576-5714-9.pdf.

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Robert, Dilan Jeyachandran. "Soil-pipeline interaction in unsaturated soils." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/265508.

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Pipelines that are used for the transport of energy and services are very important lifelines to modem society. Though pipelines are generally buried in unsaturated soils, the design guidelines are based on the assumption that the soil is either dry or fully saturated. For certain geotechnical problems, this assumption may not be acceptable because the water meniscus formed between soil particles creates an additional normal force between them by suction, which in turn forms temporary bonds. A recent series of large-scale physical model experiments at the Pipeline Engineering Research Laboratory (PERL) of Tokyo Gas, Japan show a higher peak load under unsaturated conditions compared to dry conditions. In contrast, recent experiments performed at Cornell University (CU) show that the soil-load due to lateral pipeline movement in dry and unsaturated sands are virtually the same. Thus, the effect of partial saturation on soil loading to pipeline may be different depending on soil type, moisture content and density. The current study investigates this problem through triaxial testing and constitutive modelling of the unsaturated soils used for the experiments and finite element simulations of the experiments. The mechanical behaviour of the sands used in the physical model experiments has been investigated by conducting a series of laboratory experiments. When compacted to the same energy level, Tokyo Gas sand exhibits larger strength in unsaturated conditions than in dry conditions at low confining stress levels mainly due to the suction-induced apparent cohesion generated by the fine particles present in the sand. In contrast, for coarser Cornell sand, the suction effect is found to be small even at low confining stress level, and hence the strength in unsaturated conditions is similar to that in dry ( or fully saturated) conditions. To capture the observed behaviour of dry as well as unsaturated soils, advanced constitutive soil models were developed. For dry (or fully saturated) soils, the modified Mohr-Coulomb and Original Nor-Sand (Cheong, 2006) models were able to simulate the general behaviour including the strain softening effect. To cater for the behaviour of unsaturated soils, the saturated versions of the NorSand and the modified Mohr-Coulomb models were modified in conjunction with the generalised effective stress framework. By simulating the triaxial experimental data, it is demonstrated that the developed models can predict the realistic soil behaviour of unsaturated soils. Using the developed models, the large scale physical model experiments of pipelines subjected to lateral soil movements at PERL and CU were simulated by the explicit finite element method. Good agreement was found between the numerical models and the experiments. Further FE analyses were conducted to investigate the pipeline behaviour under lateral soil movement at conditions of different HID's, moisture contents, and relative densities. The results were synthesized to produce new normalised pipe load charts. Three dimensional finite element analysis was performed to simulate the soil-pipeline interaction under strike-slip fault movements. The finite element model was first validated by comparing the computed results to the data produced from a full scale experiment carried out at CU. The analysis was then further extended by varying the initial conditions of the sand (sand type, density, moisture content, etc.), pipe material, pipe burial depth, and pipeline-fault rupture inclination. It was found in all cases that the peak lateral loads on the pipelines subjected to strike-slip fault movements are less than or equal to the peak loads computed by the 2-D lateral movement simulations.
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Ekanayake, Jagath C. "Soil water movement through swelling soils." Lincoln University, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1761.

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The present work is a contribution to description and understanding of the distribution and movement of water in swelling soils. In order to investigate the moisture distribution in swelling soils a detailed knowledge of volume change properties, flow characteristics and total potential of water in the soil is essential. Therefore, a possible volume change mechanism is first described by dividing the swelling soils into four categories and volume change of a swelling soil is measured under different overburden pressures. The measured and calculated (from volume change data) overburden potential components are used to check the validity of the derivation of a load factor, ∝. Moisture diffusivity in swelling soil under different overburden pressures is measured using Gardner's (1956) outflow method. Behaviour of equilibrium moisture profiles in swelling soils is theoretically explained, solving the differential equation by considering the physical variation of individual soil properties with moisture content and overburden pressure. Using the measured volume change data and moisture potentials under various overburden pressures, the behaviour of possible moisture profiles are described at equilibrium and under steady vertical flows in swelling soils. It is shown that high overburden pressures lead to soil water behaviour quite different from any previously reported.
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Zhang, Guanghui, and 張廣輝. "Soil-water characteristics of sandy soil and soil cement with and without vegetation." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/208025.

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The use of soil cement as a growth medium was examined in this study. During the monitoring, green soil cement revealed diverse ecological values. The survival rates of plants in each soil conditions were higher than 80%,which was very promising. Furthermore, the survival rates dropped when the soil density reached95%, which means soil density might influence the survival rate of plant. Plant growth rates in sandy soil were higher than that in soil cement. In particular, low soil density facilitated plant growth in sandy soil, whereas density effect was not clear to plant growth performance in soil cement. Experiments were undertaken to study the soil-water characteristics of sandy soil and soil cement in field and laboratory condition. The influence of vegetation and material density on the development of negative pore water pressure (PWP) and degree of saturation (Sr) in the studied materials was investigated. The field planting experiments proved a promising survival rate of Schefflera heptaphylla in both types of materials while sandy soil promoted better growth of the seedlings than the soil cement. From the field study, PWP and Sr of sandy soil responded noticeably and promptly to natural drying and wetting cycles. However, the responses in soil cement were relatively mild. When subjected to the same drying-wetting cycles, PWP responded more slowly and to a smaller magnitude compared with that of soil cement. In addition, Sr changed little in soil cement. An increase in the density of the sandy soil promoted rapid development of negative PWP, while an opposite trend was observed for soil cement. Attempts have been made to explain the observations from the perspectives of material permeability and change in water content during a drying period in both soil types. Furthermore, in sandy soil, the development of PWP (with a measurement limit of -90 kPa) was minimally affected by the presence of vegetation, while vegetation noticeably helped the development of negative PWP in the soil cement. Bounds of the soil-water characteristic curve of the studied materials were presented based on estimates from the drying and wetting scanning curves derived from the field monitoring. A complementary laboratory study was carried out in an environmental chamber with controllable temperature and humidity. Monitoring results from the laboratory agreed well with that obtained from the field.
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Corneo, Paola Elisa. "Understanding soil microbial community dynamics in vineyard soils: soil structure, climate and plant effects." Doctoral thesis, country:CH, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10449/23970.

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This thesis aimed at characterising the structure of the bacterial and fungal community living in vineyard soils, identifying and describing the parameters that explain the distribution of the microbial communities in this environment. Vineyards represent an economical relevant agro-ecosystem, where vines, long-lived woody-perennial plants, are normally cultivated at different altitudes. The maintenance of the soil quality is at the base of a productive agriculture and thus the investigation of its biological component, its structure and all the processes that take place into the soil are of importance. Microorganisms represent one of the main biological components of the soil and they are involved in numerous bio-geochemical processes, such as nutrient cycling and degradation of the soil organic matter (SOM). The understanding of the effect of abiotic and biotic factors on the soil microbial communities is crucial for the maintenance of this agro-ecosystem. Considering that viticulture is widespread in North Italy we selected the Trentino region as study area at the basis of our investigations. A first on field study was carried out on soils collected in nine vineyards located along three altitudinal transects. The sites were selected on the basis of the same soil origin, texture and pH, and similar weather conditions. Our aim was to understand the effect of altitude considered as a climatic and physicochemical gradient on the soil bacterial and fungal community, comparing the soil microbial structure at different altitudes (200, 450, 700 m a.s.l.) and in different seasons. Along these altitudinal gradients, soil temperature is decreasing while soil moisture is increasing, thus offering an experimental design to investigate the effect of these climatic parameters. To further exploit the effect of soil temperature, we then carried out one year microcosm experiment. Temperature is one of the main factors affecting soil microbial communities and the recent worries about climate change stimulated the interest in a better understanding of its effect. Our aim was to assess the effect of temperature alone, isolating its effect from all the other parameters present in the field. In particular we investigated the effect of soil seasonal temperature fluctuations and the effect of a moderate soil warming of 2 °C above normal seasonal temperatures. Furthermore we assessed the effect of stable temperatures without fluctuations (3 and 20°C). To fully characterise the vineyard environment we conducted a third experiment to understand the effect of weeds and of soil type on the bacterial and fungal community structure, to reflect on their role in this environment. Weeds are widespread plants in the vineyards and are usually controlled because they compete for nutrients with vines. Through a greenhouse experiment where we used a combination of three different weeds (Taraxacum officinalis, Trifolium repens and Poa trivialis) and four different soils collected in vineyard, we aimed at characterising the bacterial and fungal communities of the bulk and rhizosphere soil and of the roots. The genetic structure of the soil bacterial and fungal communities in the three different experiments was assessed by automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (ARISA), a fingerprinting technique based on the analysis of the length heterogeneity of the bacterial and fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) fragment. Multivariate analyses were carried out to visualise and determine the effect of the different parameters investigated on the soil microbial community ordination. We found that altitude, behaving as a physicochemical gradient separates the soil microbial community living at 200 and 700 m a.s.l. Different parameters correlating with altitude explained the distribution of bacteria and fungi in the altitudinal transects. Qualitatively the different vineyards were characterised by a stable core microbiome, a number of ribotypes stable in time and space. Among the climatic parameters, while soil moisture was correlating with altitude and helped explaining the distribution of the microbial communities, the soil temperature did not play any role. Seasonally the soil microbial communities were stable and the differences among the soil microbial communities living at the lower and higher sites were related to the physicochemical parameters and not to the temperature effect. Investigating the effect of temperature in microcosm experiment, isolating its effect from all the other parameters, we determined the presence of a direct effect of temperature, soil type dependent. The soil bacterial community was fluctuating under the effect of temperature fluctuations, while the fungal community was mainly stable. Soil warming did not have any effect on the microbial community as observed on field in the altitudinal gradient, where temperature was not the factor explaining the differences between the microbial community at 200 and 700 m a.s.l. Vineyards, as other temperate environments, are quite stable to subtle changes in soil temperatures in the range forecasted by the climate change events. Even if we did not find a direct effect of temperature on the soil microbial communities, temperature could indirectly affect the soil microorganisms, acting on plant cover, nutrients availability, soil moisture and plant exudation. The soil structure was the main determinant of the microbial community associated to the bulk soil also in presence of plants. Characterising the microbial community associated to the weeds, we found that the different compartments (roots, rhizosphere and bulk soil) were colonised by qualitatively and quantitative different microbial structure, in particular on the roots. Differences in the microbial community associated to the rhizosphere and to the bulk soil were plant type dependent. The structure of the microbial community associated to the roots was mainly determined by the plant species, while the soil type was the main determinant of the microbial community associated to the bulk soil. Weeds are not expected to particularly affect the bacterial community associated to the bulk soil in vineyards, while they could play a role shaping the soil fungal community
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Njie, Momodou. "Modelling soil moisture dynamics in vegetated soils." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.406159.

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Dash, Suresh R. "Lateral pile soil interaction in liquefiable soils." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.543468.

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Gebhardt, Martha Mary. "Soil Amendment Effects on Degraded Soils and Consequences for Plant Growth and Soil Microbial Communities." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/556614.

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Human activities that disrupt soil properties are fundamentally changing ecosystems. Soil degradation decreases microbial abundance and activity, leading to changes in nutrient availability, soil organic matter, and plant growth and establishment. Land use and land cover change are widespread and increasing in semiarid regions of the southwestern US, which results in reductions of native plant and microbial abundance and community diversity. Here we studied the effects of soil degradation and amendments (biochar and woodchips) on microbial activity, soil carbon and nitrogen availability, and plant growth of ten semi-arid plants species native to the southwestern US. Results show that woodchip amendments result in poor overall plant growth, while biochar amended soils promoted plant growth when soil quality was reduced. Additionally, amendments had a strong influence on microbial activity, while the presence and species identity of plants did not. Biochar amended soils led to increases in the potential activities of enzymes involved in the degradation of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus rich substrates. Woodchips, caused an increase of potential activity in enzymes involved in the degradation of sugar and proteins. These results show that microbes and plants respond differently to soil treatments and suggest that microbial responses may function as earlier indicators of the success of re-vegetation attempts.
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Wagai, Rota. "Climatic and Lithogenic Controls on Soil Organic Matter-Mineral Associations." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2005. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/WagaiR2005.pdf.

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Keller, Thomas. "Soil compaction and soil tillage - studies in agricultural soil mechanics /." Uppsala : Dept. of Soil Sciences, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2004. http://epsilon.slu.se/a489.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Soil"

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Fanning, Delvin Seymour. Soil. New York: Wiley, 1989.

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Troeh, Frederick R. Soils and soil fertility. 5th ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993.

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M, Thompson Louis, ed. Soils and soil fertility. 6th ed. Ames, Iowa: Blackwell Pub., 2005.

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Remmelzwaal, A. Botswana soil database: Guidelines for soil profile description. Gaborone: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 1988.

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K, Davis B. N., ed. The Soil. London: HarperCollins, 1991.

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Bowman, Chris. Soil. Minneapolis, MN: Bellwether Media, 2014.

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Cunningham, Kevin. Soil. Greensboro, N.C: Morgan Reynolds Pub., 2009.

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Walker, Kate. Soil. New York: Marshall Cavendish Benchmark, 2012.

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Gershuny, Grace. The soul of soil: A guide to ecological soil management. 3rd ed. Davis, Calif: agAccess, 1995.

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W, Buol S., and Buol S. W, eds. Soil genesis and classification. 4th ed. Ames: Iowa State University Press, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "Soil"

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Waddington, Donald V. "Soils, Soil Mixtures, and Soil Amendments." In Turfgrass, 331–83. Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society of America, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronmonogr32.c10.

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Castilho, Pierre del, and Rainer Breder. "Soils and Soil Solutions." In Sampling and Sample Preparation, 43–56. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60632-8_5.

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McGrath, Timothy J. "Soils and soil models." In Analysis and Design of Gravity Flow Conduits and Buried Bridges, 50–77. New York: CRC Press, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429162619-4.

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Huntley, Brian John. "Soil, Water and Nutrients." In Ecology of Angola, 127–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18923-4_6.

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AbstractThis Chapter provides an introduction to basic elements of soil science, from an understanding of the soil profile, its develop and its importance to plant growth. The processes of weathering and the development of laterites, calcretes, salinised and other major soil types and their distribution in Angola are described. Soil water relations and soil chemistry and thus the availability of water and nutrients are fundamental determinants of plant growth, species composition and productivity. The differences between dystrophic (low base status) and eutrophic (high base status) soils and the distribution of the mesic/dystrophic savanna biome and the arid/eutrophic savanna biome, which dominate Angolan landscapes (totaling over 90% of the vegetation mantle of the country) are emphasised. The Key Soil Groups of Angola are mapped and their characteristics summarised. Sandy arenosols cover 53% of Angola, mainly comprising the Kalahari sands of the eastern half of Angola. Ferralsols cover 23% of Angola, occupying the spine of crystalline rocks along the western highlands. Both are of low nutrient status but carry dense miombo woodlands where they have not been transformed by human activities. Richer soils occur along the escarpment and hot coastal lowlands. The processes of land degradation, due to inappropriate soil management threaten the livelihoods of communities living on these fragile soils, are described.
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Hågvar, Sigmund. "Soil Biology: Soil Animals and Soil Acidity." In Ecological Studies, 101–21. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2604-8_5.

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Olsen, Rolf Arnt. "Soil Biology: Soil Microflora and Soil Acidity." In Ecological Studies, 122–35. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2604-8_6.

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Adewara, O. A., T. C. Adebayo-Olajide, J. S. Ayedun, B. C. Kotun, A. J. Adeleke, A. David Brown, O. J. Alabi, and S. T. Ogunbanwo. "Soil Formation, Soil Health and Soil Biodiversity." In Earth and Environmental Sciences Library, 95–121. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-53270-2_5.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Soil." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 675. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_10851.

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Sudduth, Kenneth A., Hak-Jin Kim, and Peter P. Motavalli. "Soil." In Environmental Analysis by Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors, 23–61. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-0676-5_2.

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Gretel, Van Wieren. "Soil." In Food, Farming And Religion, 33–47. Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2018. | Series: Routledge environmental humanities: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315151168-3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Soil"

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Shishkov, Toma, Emil Dimitrov, and Ekaterina Filchev. "FOREST SOILS FROM SREDNA GORA MOUNTAIN IN BULGARIA." In 24th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2024, 237–44. STEF92 Technology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024/3.1/s13.29.

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The soils from the central part of Sredna Gora Mountain in Bulgaria were studied aiming to establish the occurrence of contemporal soil forming processes occured in the forest ecosystem. Soils were analyzed to determine the carbon content, the soil organic matter composition and the total soil acidity. The precise soil classification based on the detail morphological diagnostic was carried out. The ecological conditions in forest ecosystem determine the mode of humic substances in the studies soils. Soils are characterized with low degree of humification and considerable amount of organic matter only on the soil surface. Generally, large proportion of absorbed nutrients is returned annually to the soil and is reabsorbed after biological breakdown of litter. Forest soils considerably differ by the soil organic matter (SOM) composition. The quantity and quality of humic substances is linked to the important soil functions. Humic acids are mainly in the upper part in the first soil and fulvic acids dominated in the lower part of profile. Humic acids in the second soil are bounded with calcium and composing humic type of humus. In the shallow soil, formed on the hard rock, the fulvic acids dominate that composing the fulvic type of humus. In the studied forest ecosystem the advanced natural soil acidification occurs mainly in the most upper part of soils.
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Ponomaryov, Andrey B. "REINFORCEMENT OF SOIL FOUNDATIONS." In VIII Петрухинские чтения. АО «НИЦ «Строительство», 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.37538/2713-1149-2024-104-123.

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This article gives the basic terms and definitions of geosynthetic materials currently used in construction. The main functions and types of geosynthetics are shown. Most of the article is devoted to the results obtained by various researchers of the Perm Scientific School. The results of reinforcing sandy and clayey soils with geosynthetic materials, reinforcing soil pads, using fiber soil, reinforcing karst soils, and using geosynthetics in seasonally freezing soils are shown.
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Singh, Shikha, Sindhu Jagadamma, Junyi Liang, Gangsheng Wang, and Melanie Mayes. "SENSITIVITY OF MICROBIAL PROCESSING OF SOIL CARBON TO SOIL MOISTURE IN DIFFERENTLY-TEXTURED SOILS." In 67th Annual Southeastern GSA Section Meeting - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018se-312541.

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Baumgartl, Thomas, J. Chan, F. Bucka, and E. Pihlap. "Soil organic carbon in rehabilitated coal mine soils as an indicator for soil health." In 14th International Conference on Mine Closure. QMC Group, Ulaanbaatar, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36487/acg_repo/2152_121.

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Pospisilova, Lubica. "APPLICATION OF SOIL CONDITIONERS IN SANDY SOILS." In 15th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2015. Stef92 Technology, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2015/b32/s13.005.

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Andromalos, Kenneth B., Yasser A. Hegazy, and Brian H. Jasperse. "Stabilization of Soft Soils by Soil Mixing." In Soft Ground Technology Conference. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40552(301)16.

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Zou, L., and E. C. Leong. "Soils with Bimodal Soil-Water Characteristic Curve." In Second Pan-American Conference on Unsaturated Soils. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784481684.006.

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Bean, E. Z., and M. D. Dukes. "Soil Amendments for Mitigation of Compacted Soils." In Low Impact Development International Conference (LID) 2010. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41099(367)66.

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Drnevich, Vincent P., Carlos E. Zambrano, Sochan Jung, and Julia P. Clarke. "Electrical Conductivity of Soils and Soil Properties." In GeoCongress 2008. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40972(311)40.

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Contreras, Ulysses, Guangbu Li, Craig D. Foster, Ahmed A. Shabana, Paramsothy Jayakumar, and Michael D. Letherwood. "Soil Models Survey and Vehicle System Dynamics." In ASME 2012 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2012-71450.

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The mechanical behavior of soils may be approximated using different models that depend on particular soil characteristics and simplifying assumptions. For this reason, researchers have proposed and expounded upon a large number of constitutive models and approaches that describe various aspects of soil behavior. However, there are few material models capable of predicting the behavior of soils for engineering applications and are at the same time appropriate for implementation into finite element (FE) and multibody system (MBS) algorithms. This paper presents a survey of different commonly used terramechanics and continuum-based soil models. The aim is to provide a summary of soil models, compare them, and examine their suitability for integration with large-displacement FE absolute nodal coordinate formulation (ANCF) and MBS algorithms. Special emphasis is placed on the formulations of soils used in conjunction with vehicle dynamic models. A brief review of computer software used for soil modeling is provided and the implementation of these soil models in MBS algorithms used in the analysis of complex vehicle systems is discussed.
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Reports on the topic "Soil"

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Ponder, Felix Jr, and Darrell E. Alley. Soil sampler for rocky soils. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Research Station, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/nc-rn-371.

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Wentworth, Jonathan, and Cagla Stevenson. Sustaining the soil microbiome. Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, May 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.58248/pn601.

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The soil microbiome, communities of microorganisms in soils, underpin natural processes in soil habitats and are affected by environmental and land use change. This POSTnote gives an overview of the benefits provided by the soil microbiome, ways of assessing the soil microbiome, and measures to improve its condition.
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Dehaene, Michiel, Daniel López-García, Jana Fried, Chiara Tornaghi, Francis Rayns, Valentine Cadieux, Hari Byles, et al. SOIL NEXUS: Urban soil care for food production, community greenspace, and environmental resilience. Coventry University, December 2024. https://doi.org/10.18552/cawr/2024/0002.

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Global urbanisation is leading to the degradation of living soils, with substantial and direct impacts on climate, biodiversity, food security, and human health. Urban land use policies are beginning to address soil protection. However, they rarely address the depollution and remediation of urban soils and the revitalisation of the agricultural socio-economic fabric, both essential to recover and maintain healthy soils. Instead polluted soils are often managed through further soil sealing (i.e. covering with a plastic ‘geotextile’ layer to isolate it and adding new soil on top). As alternatives, emerging urban communities of practice are currently experimenting with integrated and holistic practices of soil care, such as sourcing urban organic waste streams (food waste, leaves, grass clippings, waste from breweries, ecological paperboard packaging, etc.) for topsoil regeneration or using nature-based approaches (e.g. bioremediation) for the depollution of topsoils. Such practices urgently need enabling and adequate policy frameworks to be mainstreamed and aligned with related policies regarding climate action, green/blue infrastructure and urban food policy plans.
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Keller, Adrienne Blair, and Stephen Dwight Handler. Soil organic carbon in temperate managed ecosystems. [Houghton, Michigan]: Northern Forests Climate Hub, June 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2024.8633528.ch.

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Soils store more carbon than the atmosphere and vegetation combined, an impressive fact that underscores the importance of considering soils when managing for ecosystem carbon. Not only do soils store vast amounts of carbon, but soil carbon also persists in the ecosystem for much longer than other pools of carbon. This primer is an introduction to soil organic carbon storage, sequestration, and cycling in terrestrial managed ecosystems. The effects of site factors, climate change, and management on soil carbon are discussed.--
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Gombert, D. II. Evaluation of soil washing for radiologically contaminated soils. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10163686.

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Cunnane, J. C., V. R. Gill, S. Y. Lee, D. E. Morris, M. D. Nickelson, D. L. Perry, and V. C. Tidwell. Uranium soils integrated demonstration: Soil characterization project report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10180428.

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Busby, Ryan, H. Torbert, and Stephen Prior. Soil and vegetation responses to amendment with pulverized classified paper waste. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/44202.

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The United States Army produces a significant amount of classified paper waste that is pulverized to a fine consistency unsuitable for recycling. However, cheap, high quality organic materials such as classified paper waste are useful as soil amendments. The objective of this research was to evaluate the utilization of pulverized classified paper waste as a soil amendment to improve soil health and increase establishment of desirable native grasses on degraded Army training lands. Paper was applied at rates of 9 to 72 Mg ha⁻¹ to two soil types at Fort Polk, LA: an alfisol (very fine sandy loam - Fine, smectitic, thermic Chromic Vertic Hapludalfs) and an ultisol (loamy fine sandy - Loamy, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Arenic Paleudults). These are common soil orders found on military training lands nationwide and represent fertile (alfisol) and unfertile (ulitsol) soils. Vegetation and soils were monitored over 2 growing seasons. No increase in heavy metals were observed in soils. Extensive analysis showed very low levels of regulated contaminants in the paper, but most were below detection limits. The ultisol site showed improved soil physical and chemical properties, while desirable vegetation benefitted from nutrient immobilization at the alfisol site. Based on the results of this study, applying pulverized paper waste to soil at a rate of 35.9 Mg ha⁻¹ is recommended. Application of paper waste to soils had no adverse environmental effects, improved soil physiochemical properties, and facilitated establishment of desirable native vegetation.
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Siegrist, R. L. (Contaminated soil). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6076299.

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Research Institute (IFPRI), International Food Policy. Soil Fertility. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/9780896298460_18.

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DeJong, Joel, and Paul Kassel. Soil Moisture. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-1372.

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