To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Soil cement.
Journal articles on the topic 'Soil cement'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Soil cement.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Fomenko, Olena, and Andrii Siedov. "Use of coarse-grained soils reinforced with cement in the construction of pavement layers." Bulletin of Kharkov National Automobile and Highway University 2, no. 92 (May 10, 2021): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.30977/bul.2219-5548.2021.92.2.80.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Problem. When designing and building pavements, it is necessary to make full use of local low-strength stone materials reinforced with inorganic binders (cement, lime, activated ash, etc.). The economic feasibility of using cement soils for paving in areas not provided with local stone materials is particularly significant. Under these conditions, the cost of 1 m² of cement-soil layer is often 1.5-2 times lower than the cost of 1 m² of a uniform layer of imported materials. layer of imported materials. When using the technology of soil strengthening with inorganic binders, there is no need for a significant amount of transport, as it is possible to strengthen the local soil, which is located nearby, and only binders can be delivered to the work site. It is possible to unload cement in the car for distribution of binder directly on a place of carrying out works. Strengthening local soils can provide a solid foundation. Soils suitable for cement hardening are much more common than stone materials. The strength of coarse-grained soils depends on the constituent rocks and the density of laying. Fragments of igneous rockshave the greatest strength, sedimentary rocks have the lowest. The most active part of the cement-soil mixture, which provides the creation of a new structure of the reinforced soil, is cement. As a result of the interaction of cement with water, with salts present in the soil and partially with the fine part of the soil, a new water-resistant crystallization structure appears in the strengthened soil. The strength of this structure is determined mainly by the composition and quality of cement. During soil treatment with cement, hydration processes, as well as other chemical reactions will increase or slow down dependingon the chemical and mineral compositions of cement, the nature of the soil and its physicochemical state at the time of treatment. When strengthening soils with cements of the same brands, but of different mineral composition, cement soils with different properties will be obtained. Therefore, the final decision on the suitability of cement and its dosage is made based on the results of tests of cement soil samples. In each case, the decision to use highquality cements or additives that increase thestrength and frost resistance of the cement soil must be economically justified.
2
DOLEV, A. A., V. A. ALEKSEEV, and O. YU BAZHENOVA. "SELECTION OF CONCRETE FORMULATIONS FOR THE CREATION OF SOIL-CEMENT PILES IN DIFFICULT ENGINEERING AND GEOLOGICAL CONDITIONS." Building and reconstruction 99, no. 1 (2022): 110–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.33979/2073-7416-2022-99-1-110-119.
Full textAbstract:
Strengthening of soils by jet technology in difficult ground conditions has now become widespread, including in the construction of buried and underground structures. At the same time, a sufficient amount of experimental data has accumulated to predict the properties of the resulting soil cement. The purpose of the work is to determine the optimal consumption of materials for soil-cement structures, taking into account complex engineering and geological conditions. The study of mineral-based hardening systems in water-saturated soils with inclusions of organic deposits or in conditions of high filtration has a number of features that make it difficult to assign optimal technologies and components of cement-based solutions for the formation of soil cements. To determine the final parameters of soil cement, the parameters of soil cement piles at the facilities during the construction of the subway, laboratory data on mixing mineral components and soils of different types, scientific and technical data were analyzed.
3
Hsu, Sung Chi, Huan Yang Chiang, and Ji Yuan Lin. "Effect of Gradation and Cement on the Properties of Soil-Cement Mixtures." Advanced Materials Research 535-537 (June 2012): 1719–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.535-537.1719.
Full textAbstract:
Eight non-plastic soils with different gradation are used for this research to study the appropriate choice of soil-cement mixture for a earth and rock-fill dam construction project. The properties of soil-cement materials are influenced by several factors, including type and proportion of soil, cementitious materials, water content, compaction, uniformity of mixing, curing conditions, and age of the compacted mixture. Based on the experimental results, the maximum dry density will increase with an increase in cement content for soils with low fines content. However, no significant variation was noticed for soils with higher fines content. For given cement content, the maximum density of soil-cement mixture also has a positive correlation with the average grain size, D50, and uniformity coefficient of gradation, Cu. Based on USBR criteria and experimental results, a minimum of 11% of cement content are suitable for soil-cement application on the dam construction. Coarser grain soils are more applicable than finer grain soils to soil-cement construction.
4
Mawardi, Mawardi, Illyas Md Isa, Alizar Ulianas, Edtri Sintiara, Fadhlurrahman Mawardi, and Rizky Zalmi Putra. "The Fabrication of Portland Composite Cement Based on Pozzolan Napa Soil." Materials 14, no. 13 (June 29, 2021): 3638. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14133638.
Full textAbstract:
The objective of this study is to investigate Napa soil’s potential as an alternative additive in producing Portland composite cement. The Napa soil of Tanah Datar district, West Sumatra, Indonesia is a natural material which contains SiO2 and Al2O3 as its major components. The parameters used were the fineness of the cement particles, the amount left on a 45 μm sieve, the setting time, normal consistency, loss on ignition, insoluble parts, compressive strength and chemical composition. The composition of Napa soils (% w/w) used as variables include 4, 8, 12 and 16%. Furthermore, 8% pozzolan was used as a control in this research. The results showed that the compressive strength of Napa soil cement which contained 4% Napa soil was much better compared to that of the control on the 7th and 20th day. Furthermore, all the analyzed Napa soil cements met the standard of cement as stipulated in Indonesian National Standard, SNI 7064, 2016.
5
Omowumi, Ademila. "Engineering Structural Strength Properties of Lateritic Soil-Cement Mix for Road Pavement Stability." Asian Review of Environmental and Earth Sciences 9, no. 1 (December 27, 2022): 23–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.20448/arees.v9i1.4374.
Full textAbstract:
Qualitative construction materials in highway pavement prompted addition of cement at different proportion of 2 - 10% to lateritic soils for enhanced performance. Engineering geological tests were performed on the soil-cement mixture to determine their highway pavement suitability for durable road construction. Furthermore, modelling of the strength characteristics of the mixture presents the correlation between the structural properties and cement mix. Thus, increase in soil-cement California bearing ratio (CBR) and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) values with higher cement mix of 8%, revealed enhanced soil improvement. The soil strength is also affected by the curing period. Better quality strength characteristics obtained decreases pavement thickness with reduced cost in road construction. Relationship between the soil strength properties and cement mix content are represented by polynomial model. This reveals stronger bearing capacity of soil cement mix cured in 14 days with R2 ≥ 0.8. The lateritic soil cement mix at 8% cement content could serve as highway subbase and base construction materials. Cement mix having positive effects on soil geotechnical properties are indication of its effectiveness in enhancing volume stability of different soils. Prolong curing time is essential for compacted soil cement mix for enhanced geotechnical engineering properties and to improve the quality of lateritic soil used as road construction materials. Thus, cement-stabilized lateritic soil reduces cost of road construction, its persistent failure, human and environmental losses.
6
Zhibin, Z. H. L., W. Zhonghao, and MA Xianfeng. "Monitoring the hardening process of cemented soil with polymer optical fibre." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1337, no. 1 (May 1, 2024): 012016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1337/1/012016.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Cement-soil can effectively improve the mechanical characteristics of soft soil and reduce the deformation of foundations through the physical and chemical processes of cement hydration. After mixing cement with soft soil, the hydration reaction of cement consumes a certain amount of water, which leads to a decrease in the water content. The early strength of cement-soil refers to the undrained shear strength within a few hours of mixing. The initial setting time of cement-soil can reflect its early strength development. In this study, polymer optical fibre (POF) sensors are used to visually monitor the early strength of cement-soil with different cement contents; the monitoring results show that the POF sensor can effectively visualize the hydration process of cemented soil. The cement-soil hydration process is divided into three stages: the initial setting time of the cement-soil is 13-15 h, and the final is 33-41 h. Furthermore, the cement content significantly influences the initial and final setting times of cement-reinforced soil. As the cement content increases, the initial and final setting times of the cement–soil decrease. This study proposes a new method for monitoring the strength of cement-reinforced soils.
7
Bui Truong, Son, Nu Nguyen Thi, and Duong Nguyen Thanh. "An Experimental Study on Unconfined Compressive Strength of Soft Soil-Cement Mixtures with or without GGBFS in the Coastal Area of Vietnam." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (June 30, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7243704.
Full textAbstract:
Soft soil is widely distributed in Vietnam, especially in the coastal area. In engineering practice, soft soil cannot be used to build any construction and needs to be improved or treated before building construction. In addition, Vietnam has many pig-iron or thermal power plants, which annually produce a huge amount of granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS). Thus, the use of this material for soft soil improvement needs to be considered. This paper presents experimental results on the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of three Vietnam’s soft soils treated with Portland cement and Portland cement with ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS). Binder dosage used in this study is 250, 300, and 350 kg/m3 with the three different water/cement ratios of 0.8, 0.9, and 1.0, respectively. The research results showed that the UCS of soil-cement mixtures depends on soil type, water/cement ratio, cement type, and binder content. Accordingly, the unconfined compressive strength increased with the increase of binder contents, the decrease of the natural water content of soft soil, water/cement ratios, and clay content. The highest value of UCS of treated soils was found for the soil at Site II with the Portland cement content, cement GGBFS, and water/cement ratio of 873 kg/m3, 2355 kg/m3, and 0.8, respectively. Besides, for all the three soils and two binder types, the water/cement ratio of 0.8 was found to be suitable to reach the highest UCS values of treated soil. The research results also showed that the UCS of treated soil with cement GGBFS was higher than that of treated soil with Portland cement. This indicated the effectiveness of the use of Portland cement with GGBFS in soft soil improvement. There is great potential for reducing the environmental problems regarding the waste materials from pig-iron plants in Vietnam and the construction cost as well.
8
Binh, Vũ Ngoc, and Do The Quynh. "Use of Sodium Silicate in Combination with Cement for Improving Peat Soil in Mekong River Delta - Vietnam." International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering 10, no. 4 (February 28, 2021): 52–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.d8442.0210421.
Full textAbstract:
Peat soil is formed from river-bog sediments (abQ232) are largely distributed in Mekong river Delta provinces-Vietnam such as Kien Giang, Hau Giang, Bạc Liêu and Ca Mau. The resuls of research to improve them with many kinds of cements showed that the unconfined compressive strength of soil samples reinforced by cements had increased within 28 days, from 28 to 56 days this strength was reduced. Research for improving the soil above by cement and sodium silicate to increase the strength and stability with curing time had been conducted. The results showed that the concent of 0.5% of sodium silicate in comparison with cement mass was added to soil samples, their strength increased significantly when compared to soil samples without sodium silicate and greater than that of the soil samples reinforced by contents of 1%, 1.5% and 2% of sodium silicate in comparison with cement mass and also the concent of 0.5% of sodium silicate in comparison with cement mass added to soil sample has solved the problem of reducing soil sample strength with curing time.
9
Salahudeen, A. B., N. S. Kpardong, and P. M. Francis. "Enhancement of kaolin clay soil for civil engineering application using rice husk ash and sawdust ash geopolymer cements." Nigerian Journal of Technological Development 20, no. 1 (May 30, 2023): 44–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njtd.v20i1.1232.
Full textAbstract:
These days, good quality road construction materials are scarce and their haulage to the construction site is expensive. When unsuitable materials are encountered during flexible pavement construction, the most technical and economical option is always to improve them to meet design standards. One of these deficient materials mostly encountered in tropical regions is kaolin clay soils. Cement and lime that are traditional deficient soil improvement agents are on high demand therefore have kept the cost of engineering construction financially high. Thus, the use of agricultural wastes such as sawdust and rice husk as alternative construction materials will considerably reduce the cost of construction and as well mitigate the environmental hazards caused by the wastes and cement production. This study investigated and compared the performance of rice husk ash (RHA) and sawdust ash (SDA) geopolymer cements in improving the geotechnical properties of kaolin clay soil used for flexible pavement construction. All laboratory experimental tests were carried out in accordance with British Standard (BS) 1377 and BS 1924 for natural and modified kaolin clay soil samples respectively. Soil samples were mixed with geopolymer cement at stepped concentrations of 0, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20% by dry weight of soil. Results indicated that the plasticity index value of the natural kaolin clay of 18.52% was reduced to 7.24% at 20% RHA geopolymer cement content. The unconfined compressive strength of the natural soil was improved by 600 and 400 % by RHA and SDA geopolymer cements respectively. It was concluded that the use of up to 20% RHA and SDA geopolymer cements can efficiently and eco-friendly improve kaolin clay for flexible pavement foundation purpose.
10
Jin, Qing, Xinzhuang Cui, Junwei Su, Tu Lu, Jieru Wang, and Ruonan Han. "Laboratory Measurement and Analysis of the Deteriorated Layer Permeability Coefficient of Soil-Cement Deteriorated in a Saline Environment." Materials 12, no. 14 (July 12, 2019): 2245. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12142245.
Full textAbstract:
The deterioration of soil-cement in a saline environment leads to a reduction in strength and an increase in permeability. Effective methods of determining the deteriorated layer permeability coefficient of soil-cement are currently lacking. A laboratory test method for measuring the permeability coefficient of the deteriorated layer was proposed using the modified permeability coefficient testing apparatus. According to the proposed method, the permeability coefficient of the deteriorated layer could be obtained after testing the permeability coefficient of the soil-cement specimen in acuring room and testing the equivalent permeability coefficient and deterioration depth of the soil-cement specimen in a deteriorated environment. Using the marine dredger fill from Jiaozhou Bay as a case study, the deteriorated layer permeability coefficients of soil-cements with different cement contents were tested. It turned out that the permeability of the deteriorated layer increases with age. At the beginning of the curing age, higher cement content led to a smaller permeability coefficient of the deteriorated layer of soil-cement. As the curing age increased, the deteriorated layer permeability coefficient of the soil-cement with higher cement content increased. The evolution of the permeability coefficient of a deteriorated layer with age can be formulated as the Logistic function. This study provides support for anti-permeability designs of soil-cement structures in saline environments.
11
Ezreig, Ali Muftah Abdussalam, Mohd Ashraf Mohamad Ismail, and Khaled Ibrahim Azarroug Ehwailat. "Hydrophobic Effect of Soil Stabilization for a Sustainable Subgrade Soil Improvement." Materials 15, no. 9 (April 24, 2022): 3087. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15093087.
Full textAbstract:
The chemical process of using additives to stabilize soils is to improve soil that lacks strong engineering properties. In particular, the moisture susceptibility of subgrade soil through seasonal rains is still questionable. The presence of water in the construction is the cause of deterioration and premature distress of pavements and their supporting geotechnical structures. In this work, the chemical use of hydrophobic caltite (HC) in various amounts (ranging from 3%, 5%, to 7%) and 5% of cement to enhance laterite soils is investigated. The investigation includes the evaluation of soil properties, such as, unconfined compressive strength (UCS) by curing in air and under water, flexural strength (FS), and California Bearing Ratio (CBR) soaked and unsoaked. The addition of caltite with cement increases the strength characteristics with the UCS values of 2078–2853 kPa during the early curing stages (7th day), and 4688–4876 kPa after 90 days of curing. The added caltite in the cement soil samples shows a reduction index of strength loss underwater with the UCS values of 3196, 3334, and 3751 kPa for caltite cemented soil when compared with cement soil alone. FS results suggest that the inclusion of caltite in cement means that post-peak behavior can be enhanced, reducing the brittleness and increasing the ductility. The successful reaction with soil additives occurred in the curing period of 7 days. In terms of the microstructural analysis, results show that HC with cement reduces the porosity, voids, and cracking of laterite soils. Furthermore, new polymer globules, products from the reaction, appeared on the clay particle surfaces, thereby reducing the water absorption. The addition of hydrophobic-caltite to the soil–cement mixture results in increased strength and reduced water absorption in a soil–cement mix, thus achieving a given strength value.
12
Hu, Wenjun, Kun Li, Wenhao Yin, Han Zhang, Yi Xue, Yutong Han, and Pingyun Liu. "Effects of Wetting–Drying Cycles on the Macro and Micro Properties of the Cement-Stabilized Soil with Curing Agent." Buildings 14, no. 6 (June 7, 2024): 1716. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings14061716.
Full textAbstract:
Cement-stabilized soil is a commonly used pavement base/bottom base material. Adding a suitable curing agent to cement-stabilized soil can effectively reduce the dosage of cement, meet the strength requirements, and also greatly improve its water stability. In this paper, three kinds of cement dosage (6%, 8%, and 10%) of cement-stabilized soil were selected to add a 0.04% organic liquid curing agent, and then compared with high-dose cement (10% and 12%)-stabilized soil. The influence of wetting–drying cycles on the mechanical properties of the five stabilized soils was discussed. The mineral composition of cement-stabilized soils before and after the addition of a curing agent was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the microscopic morphology of 10% cement-stabilized soils with a curing agent was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The macroscopic test shows that the unconfined compressive strength of solidified cement-stabilized soil can be divided into three stages with the increase in the times of the wetting–drying cycles, which are the rapid decay stage, stable enhancement stage, and stable decay stage. The wetting–drying stability coefficient first increases, and then decreases with the increase in the times of the wetting–drying cycles. The microscopic test shows that the addition of a curing agent can enhance the content of hydration products in the cement-stabilized soil specimen; at the curing age of 28 d, with the increase in the times of the wet–dry cycles, the structure of the solidified cement-stabilized soil gradually broke down. The surface porosity P and pore diameter d showed an overall upward trend but decreased at the fifth wetting–drying cycle. The pore orientation weakened. The results show that the resistance of cement-stabilized soil with a curing agent is obviously better than that of cement-stabilized soil under wet–dry conditions.
13
Mansouri, O., S. Berdoudi, N. Houssou, A. Bouslama, and W. Kherfane. "Effect of hardened cement waste and fresh cement in the treatment of expansive soil." Naukovyi Visnyk Natsionalnoho Hirnychoho Universytetu, no. 3 (June 30, 2024): 95–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.33271/nvngu/2024-3/095.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose. To study the effect of hardened cement waste and compare it to the effect of fresh cement in the treatment of expansive soil. Methodology. To show the performance of hardened cement waste compared to that of fresh cement, an experimental study is conducted concerning a swelling clay soil in the Mila region of eastern Algeria. The study involves a series of soil treatment tests with fresh cement and hardened cement waste (with reasonable proportion) for each type of cement. Finally, a comparison of the influence of the addition of hardened cement waste and the addition of fresh cement on the physical and mechanical behavior of the soil. Findings. Treatment with fresh cement provides a good improvement in certain properties, and in this work we show that the use of hardened cement waste could also improve the physical and mechanical characteristics of the treated soil. Originality. The originality of this work is to replace fresh cement with the waste of hardened cement in the treatment of clay soils in general and swelling soils in exceptional cases to minimize the cost of treatment with fresh cement and protect the environment from waste of the cement. Practical value. This study shows that the results obtained by adding 6 % of fresh cement and 6 % of hardened cement waste changed the physical and mechanical properties of the soil (plasticity, bearing capacity, swelling and settlement). Comparison of the results obtained shows that the performance of hardened cement waste represents 90 to 98 % of the performance of fresh cement. The convergence of the treatment results indicates the possibility of replacing fresh cement with hardened waste cement in soil stabilization.
14
Ding, Xiuming, Yuejun Wu, and Junfeng Wang. "Effects of Waste Cement on the Extractability of Cd, Soil Enzyme Activities, Cadmium Accumulation, Activities of Antioxidant Enzymes, and Malondialdehyde (MDA) Content in Lettuce." Applied Sciences 13, no. 14 (July 16, 2023): 8254. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13148254.
Full textAbstract:
Waste cement, a common by-product of urban construction, is often wasted in huge quantities and is worthless. However, some studies have confirmed that waste cement can be used as an alternative heavy metal immobilizing agent. Waste cements, derived from hydrated cement mortar products, were evaluated for soil Cd bioavailability by DTPA extraction and for their efficacy in ameliorating the toxicity of cadmium to soil enzymes and plant antioxidant enzymes. Soil incubation and pot experiments were conducted on three types of waste cement (OPC (ordinary Portland cement), FAC (fly ash cement) and ZEC (zeolite cement)) with an application rate of 1%, 2%, and 3%. The addition of OPC, FAC, and ZEC significantly increased the pH and cation exchange capacity of the soil (p < 0.05). The concentration of DTPA-extractable Cd significantly reduced with a consequential decrease in Cd uptake and transport in lettuce. OPC, FAC, and ZEC application significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced FDA hydrolysis and soil urease activity, except for catalase activity. OPC, FAC, and ZEC, when applied to soil, enhanced the total dry biomass (shoots and roots). Furthermore, the activities of guaiacol peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) declined in lettuce treated with OPC, FAC, and ZEC. With the addition OPC, FAC, and ZEC, the content of MDA in lettuce leaves displayed a remarkable decrease. In conclusion, the waste cements effectively reduced Cd bioavailability and enhanced the antioxidant system of lettuce.
15
ELNakeib, Dr Salem M., Dr Fathi K. Elyaagubi, Dr Mohamed A. Alrabib, Eng Afaf Abouzed, and Eng Hanan Saleh Wanis. "ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METAL CONTAMINATION OF SOIL SAMPLES COLLECTED FROM THE AREA AROUND AL-MARQUB CEMENT PLANT." Scientific Journal of Applied Sciences of Sabratha University 2, no. 2 (November 14, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.47891/sabujas.v2i2.1-9.
Full textAbstract:
Soil samples were collected from and around Almarqub cement factory, AL-Khums city, Libya. These samples were collected from four different sites M1 (inside the factory), M2 (150 m from the factory), M3 (350 m from the factory) and M4 (60 km away from the factory as the control samples. The study was conducted to determine the heavy metal concentration in the soil. Organic matter, pH and water content value were determined according to the method described by Chaturvedi and Sankar (2006). Metals were determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The results obtained for the examined physiochemical properties of soil in the area studied prove that cement dust from the Almarqub cement factory has had a significant impact on the soil. The affected soil properties are pH and total calcium content. These properties were found to be higher than those in similar soils from the same area unpolluted. The increase of soil pH in the same area may be a result of precipitation of cement dust over the years. Metal uptake from cement to soil and plants. Metals determined in contamination soil indicated high concentrations in M1 inside cement factory compared to soil samples as control. Results of the analysis have shown that there are signs of slight impact of soil properties arising from the cement dust on the soils, especially at location inside the factory. Recommendations were offered to monitor the dust falling on the soils through trapping and utilizing the dust emissions of cement.
16
Churilin, V. S., and G. V. Pushkareva. "Soil genetics in its complex stabilization." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo arkhitekturno-stroitel'nogo universiteta. JOURNAL of Construction and Architecture 23, no. 6 (December 26, 2021): 190–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.31675/1607-1859-2021-23-6-190-200.
Full textAbstract:
The problem of the inter-repair time of automobile roads in Russia can be solved by the reinforcing the subgrade soils with cement. Soil is a multicomponent system affecting the deformation and strength properties of the composition (cement and soil). The cement-soil composition has drawbacks, especially in seasonal freezing regions, which affects its durability.In order to increase the composition efficiency, the Nicoflok polymer-mineral additive is used to strengthen subgrade with cement. However, the influence of the type regional and genetic soil on strength properties of the cement-soil + Nicoflok composition is yet studied.The paper presents the factor analysis of the influence of soil genetics on the composition strength properties. The study of the multicomponent system includes the response surface of the soil genetics on the strength properties of the composition. Additional studies are required to move from the qualitative evaluation of the soil genetics on the composition (cement-soil + Nicoflok) to the quantitative evaluation. These studies must be carried out according to a single scheme, which regards the seasonal freezing of subgrade soils in the northern regions of European Russia and West Siberia.
17
Yu, Chuang, Raoping Liao, Chaopeng Zhu, Xiaoqing Cai, and Jianjun Ma. "Test on the Stabilization of Oil-Contaminated Wenzhou Clay by Cement." Advances in Civil Engineering 2018 (July 12, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9675479.
Full textAbstract:
Oil-contaminated soils have been paid much attention due to the reclamation of industrial lands in coastal cities of China. As known, oil-contaminated soils are inapplicable for construction due to their weak engineering properties, thus leading to the requirement of remediation and reclamation for oil-contaminated sites. This study presents an experimental investigation on the stabilization of contaminated soils with Portland cement. Investigations including the Atterberg limits, unconfined compressive strength, direct shear strength, and microstructure of cement-stabilized soils have been carried out, verifying the suitability of applying cement to improve engineering properties. Experimental results show that the geotechnical properties of contaminated soil are very poor. With the application of cement, the liquid limit and plasticity index of contaminated soil samples decrease dramatically, and the strength of treated soils has been improved. Experimental results from scanning electron microscope (SEM) indicate that cement-stabilized oil-contaminated soil is featured with a stable supporting microstructure, owing to the cementation between soil particles. This also confirms the applicability of cement to be served as an additive to treat oil-contaminated soils.
18
Hary Yanto, Fendi, Yusep Muslih Purwana, and Niken Silmi Surjandari. "Finite Element Method (FEM) of Rigid Pavement Laid on Soft Soil Stabilized with Soil Cement Column." Applied Mechanics and Materials 845 (July 2016): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.845.83.
Full textAbstract:
Several investigators have extended the numerical analysis to model ground improvement using soil-column to support structures. Cement columns are widely used to improve the load deformity characteristics of soft soils. This technique would increase soil bearing capacity and reduces soil deformation owing to improving of soil strength and stiffness. The aim of this paper is to determine the rigid pavement structure deformity on soft soil for the cases of with and without column soil cement. Two geometrical models were used in this analysis: (a) without column soil cement and (b) with column soil. The result indicated that the presence of soil cement column considerably contributes to the decrease in deformation due to the increase in stiffness.
19
Sarkar, Razesh Kanti, Hameem Al Hussain, Aseaya Khanom Mim, and Tasnova Chowdhury. "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PORTLAND AND WHITE CEMENT IMPACT ON UNCONFINED COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF SOIL." Malaysian Journal of Civil Engineering 35, no. 3 (November 26, 2023): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/mjce.v35.20802.
Full textAbstract:
Soil improvement plays a vital role in any engineering project, as the entire load from the superstructure is transmitted on the underlaying soil. Weaker soil increases foundation dimension, which is costly and soft soil generally causes difficulties on construction sites when it has low strength and low stiffness. Hence, in order to reduce cost and achieving better structural stability, soil must be stabilized with a mixture in order to achieve larger load carrying capacity. When soils fail to meet the geotechnical requirements, stabilizing the soil using cement is an essential process in geotechnical practice. Clay soil was stabilized in this study using white cement and regular Portland cement. White cement and Portland cement were collected and mixed with clay soil in amounts of 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10%. Soil tests such as grain size distribution, specific gravity test, unconfined compressive test, soil tests were performed on samples. The report includes field sampling, laboratory testing and engineering analysis and evaluation. From the result of unconfined compressive strength test, it is found that the addition of 6%, 8%, 10% of Portland cement and 10% of white cement increases the shear strength of the clay soil.
20
Guo, Yongfa, Jing Cao, Huafeng Sun, Wenyun Ding, Guofeng Hua, Wei Wei, and Siyang Huang. "Effect of Ultrafine Cement (UFC) on the Corrosion Resistance of Cement Soil in Peat Soil Environment." Materials 16, no. 16 (August 8, 2023): 5520. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16165520.
Full textAbstract:
Many peat soils are distributed around plateau lakes, and the reinforcement of peat soils with high organic matter content by ordinary cement cannot meet the actual engineering requirements. In order to obtain better mechanical properties and durability of the reinforcement, this experiment prepared peat soil by mixing humic acid reagent into the alluvial clay soil with low organic matter content. The cement soil samples were prepared by adding cement and ultrafine cement (UFC) by stirring method; the samples were then soaked in fulvic acid solution to simulate the cement soil in the peat soil environment. Using the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) test, scanning electron microscope (SEM) test, and pores and cracks analysis system (PCAS) test, the effect of UFC content change on cement soil’s humic acid erosion resistance was explored, and the optimal UFC content range was sought. The results of the UCS test show that with an increase in immersion time, the strength curves of cement soil samples gradually increase to the peak strength and then decrease. Significant differences in the time correspond to the peak strength, and the overall presentation is two processes: the strength enhancement stage and the corrosion stage of the sample. The incorporation of UFC makes the cement soil in the peat soil environment exhibit excellent corrosion resistance, and the optimal UFC content is 10%. The results of the SEM and PCAS tests show that the microstructure of cement soil after immersion time exceeds 90 days, increases with an increase in immersion time, and its structural connectivity gradually weakens. The excellent characteristics of UFC particles, such as small particle size, narrow particle size distribution, fast hydration reaction rate, high hydration degree, and many hydration products, weakened the adverse effects of humic acid on the cement soil structure to a certain extent. Therefore, although the number of macropores increases, they are not connected. It still presents a relatively compact honeycomb overall structure, which correlates well with the UCS results.
21
Abdulameer AlNaddaf, Hussein Q., Saeed Kouzegaran, Mohammed Y. Fattah, and Ali Akhtarpour. "Effects of Cement Treatment on Water Retention Behavior and Collapse Potential of Gypseous Soils: Experimental Investigation and Prediction Models." Advances in Civil Engineering 2024 (January 16, 2024): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/6637911.
Full textAbstract:
Gypseous soil poses a significant challenge in geotechnical engineering due to its susceptibility to collapse under saturation. This type of soil covers approximately 33% of regions in Iraq, primarily in unsaturated conditions. This study focuses on two types of gypseous soils: one with moderate gypsum content from Karbala city (G1) and the other with high-gypsum content from Tikrit city (G2), to investigate the effects of cement treatment on their water retention behavior and potential for reducing collapse. Different percentages of cement were mixed with both soils to determine the optimum soil–cement mixture for reducing collapse potential (CP) through single oedometer tests. The water retention characteristics and water retention behavior of samples with varying gypsum content and different levels of cement treatment were examined and compared using a controlled-suction oedometer. The soil–water retention curve (SWRC) of these natural and treated gypseous soils was also investigated and compared in both wetting and drying paths. Additionally, multiple pedotransfer functions (PTFs) were assessed to identify or adapt prediction equation(s) for the SWRC of gypseous soil both with and without cement treatment with acceptable accuracy. The results show that adding cement can decrease the CP of gypseous soils; it also affects their SWRC significantly. By making some simple modifications, the PTFs demonstrate acceptable estimations for the water retention curve of both natural and cement-treated gypseous soils.
22
Achampong, Francis, Mumtaz Usmen, and Takaaki Kagawa. "Evaluation of Resilient Modulus for Lime- and Cement-Stabilized Synthetic Cohesive Soils." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1589, no. 1 (January 1997): 70–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1589-12.
Full textAbstract:
The effects of deviator stress, molding moisture content, stabilizer type and content, curing period, and soil type on the resilient modulus (Mr) of lime- and cement-stabilized cohesive soils were investigated by using Hydrite R (kaolinite) and sodium bentonite (montmorillonite) blends. It was found that Mr increases with decreasing deviator stress, increasing lime and cement content, and extended curing period. Moisture variations around optimum had little effect on Mr with higher lime contents. Multiple regression analyses and Student's t-tests indicated that all the factors investigated were significant and could be related to Mr by predictive regression equations. For a given stabilizer type and content, the low-plasticity clay (CL) soil produced the best results. The cement-stabilized CL soil normal cured for 28 days produced the highest Mr value. However, cement stabilization was not found to be very effective for the high-plasticity clay (CH) soil. Mineralogical composition has a marked effect on the Mr of lime and cement-stabilized cohesive soils. Kaolinitic CL soils work better than montmorillonitic CH soils with both lime and cement.
23
Wong, John Kok Hee, Sien Ti Kok, and Soon Yee Wong. "Fibers, Geopolymers, Nano and Alkali-Activated Materials for Deep Soil Mix Binders." Civil Engineering Journal 6, no. 4 (April 1, 2020): 830–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2020-03091511.
Full textAbstract:
Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) and Lime (CaO) have traditionally been used as binder materials for Deep Soil Mix (DSM) ground improvement. Research has been conducted into possible alternatives such as pozzolans to reduce reliance on either cement or lime. However, pozzolans still undergo similar calcium-based reactions in the strengthening process. In this review, further alternative binder materials for soil strength development are explored. These recent developments include fiber reinforcement materials, alkali activation methods, nanomaterials and geopolymers, which can potentially achieve equal or improved performance. Research to date has shown that alkali-activated materials and geopolymers can be equivalent or superior alternatives to pozzolanic supplemented cement binders. The case is made for GP cements which potentially produces 80% less CO2 than conventional portland cement during manufacture. One-part AAM and GP cements are a promising substitute for portland cement in DSM. A combined approach which incorporates both Ca and alkali activated/geopolymer types of materials and hence reactions is proposed.
24
Wassie, Tadesse Abebe, and Gökhan Demir. "Mechanical Strength and Microstructure of Soft Soil Stabilized with Cement, Lime, and Metakaolin-Based Geopolymer Stabilizers." Advances in Civil Engineering 2024 (February 16, 2024): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/6613742.
Full textAbstract:
Soft soils require particular consideration when designing civil engineering structures due to their high compressibility, low shear strength, and permeability. Using chemical additives and geopolymers to stabilize soft soils is a practical approach to improve their engineering properties. The objective of the study was to explore the use of conventional stabilizers alongside metakaolin-based geopolymers. This study also aimed to investigate the compaction characteristics, mechanical strength, shear behavior, and microstructure of stabilized soft soil. The compaction test was carried out using various amounts of cement (6%, 8%, and 10%) and metakaolin (3%, 5%, and 7%) based on the dry weight of the soil. Cement, lime, and geopolymer were added to the soft soil at 15% of the dry weight of the soil for triaxial shear tests. The compaction test results indicated that the stabilized soil exhibited the highest maximum dry density at 8% cement content. Adding metakaolin (MK) to the cement-modified soil decreased the maximum dry density, smoothed the compaction curve, and increased the optimum moisture content. The unconfined compressive strength (UCS) test revealed that cement-stabilized soil had the highest yield stress, while adding MK to the cement-modified soil reduced the yield stress after 7 days of curing. Compared to untreated soft soil, there was a significant increase in shear strength parameters for cement-, metakaolin-, and lime-stabilized soil. This study demonstrates that adding chemical additives and geopolymers can improve the soft soil’s compaction characteristics, mechanical strength, and shear strength parameters.
25
Hairulla, Hairulla. "PENGGUNAAN SOIL CEMEN SEBAGAI BAHAN PERKERASAN JALAN DI TINJAU TERHADAP NILAI CBR." MUSTEK ANIM HA 6, no. 2 (August 1, 2017): 143–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.35724/mustek.v6i2.679.
Full textAbstract:
Perkembangan Kabupaten Merauke akan menimbulkan tingginya permintaan akan prasarana jalan yang memadai. Dalam peningkatan mutu jalan konstruksi soil cement, konstruksi lama ditimbun dengan material baru (selected mateials) dan distabilisasi, hal ini akan memberikan beberapa kerugian, diantaranya bangunan Box culvert akan mengalami penambahan beban mati diatasnya dan pengambilan bahan terus menerus tentunya akan merusak alam. Tujuan penulisan ini adalah (1) Mengetahui pemanfaatan material daur ulang perkerasan soil cement lama sebagai bahan perkerasan jalan, (2) Mengetahui hasil pemanfaatan daur ulang perkerasan soil cement sebagai bahan perkerasan jalan tanpa penambah material baru selected materials (Selmat).Metode yang digunakan adalah metode pengujian CBR labolatorium SNI. Pengujian dilakukan dengan dua sample tanah yaitu material hasil bongkaran soil cement dan selected materials (selmat), untuk diketahui nilai CBR yang dihasilkan kemudian dibandingkan. dengan metode ini juga akan diketahui kekuatan penggunaan soil cemen sebagai bahan yang di daur ulang sebagai material perkerasan jalan.Hasil pengujian CBR Labolatorium disimpulkan bahwa dengan penambahan semen sebanyak 12% ditambah pemeraman 7 hari, diperoleh nilai CBR rata-rata pada selected materials (selmat) sebesar 30,17%. Sedangkan material bongkaran soil cement mengalami peningkatan yang baik yaitu nilai CBR rata-rata sebesar 73,02%. Maka material bongkaran soil cement dapat digunakan sebagai bahan perkerasan jalan dengan cara distabilisasi dan telah memenuhi syarat perkerasan jalan yaitu sebagai lapis fondasi bawah (subbase) CBR ≥ 35%.
26
Rama Rao, P. Kodanda, and C. Rajakumar. "Green Stabilization of Clay Soil Using Cement Kiln Dust." International Journal of PharmTech Research 13, no. 1 (2020): 109–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.20902/ijptr.2019.130113.
Full textAbstract:
This research work is aimed to evaluate the suitability of cement kiln dust for stabilization of expansive clay soil in Coimbatore. The laboratory work involved index properties to classify the soil sample. The preliminary investigation of the soil shows that it belongs to CH class of soil in the BIS soil classification system. Soils under this class are generally of poor engineering use. Atterberg limits, free swell, free swell index, compaction, UCS and CBR tests were used to evaluate properties of stabilized soil. The soil was stabilized with cement kiln dust in stepped concentration of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% by dry weight of the soil. Analysis of the results shows that high improvement on the geotechnical properties of cement kiln dust stabilized soil. Cement kiln dust reduces plasticity index, swelling and MDD with an increase in OMC, UCS and CBR with all higher cement kiln dust contents. From this study it was found out that cement kiln dust stabilized soil meet the minimum requirement of IRC pavement specification for use as a sub-grade material in road construction.
27
Kawamura, Masashi, and Yoshio Kasai. "Compressive Strength and Density of Fly-Ash Substituted Soil-Cement Concrete." Key Engineering Materials 302-303 (January 2006): 376–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.302-303.376.
Full textAbstract:
Soil-cement concrete can be manufactured by mixing portland cement, water and on-site soil and has been studied by the authors. This study deals with compressive strength and density of soil-cement concrete where the portland cement was partially substituted with fly-ash. Saturated surface-dry condition of on-site soils has never been taken into account in the conventional mix design whereas experiments of determining the saturated surface-dry conditions were carried out with the help of the concept of effective water content to assure the quality and the designed strength. Effects of fly-ash on the strength and density of soil-cement concrete were studied by altering cement-fly-ash ratio, soil-sand ratio, binder-water ratio and age under a constant unit water content
28
Seregin, Nikolay. "An integrated way to improve the properties of soil-cement pile foundations." E3S Web of Conferences 157 (2020): 06006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202015706006.
Full textAbstract:
The scientific article presents the results of the development of a method for improving the properties of soil-cement pile foundations by the drilling-mixing method using mechanical activation of soil-cement mixture in filler soils. Two methods for improving filler soils are considered. The choice of the mathematical methods for the research is justified. The feasibility of a complex combination of mathematical modeling methods and experimental design to achieve the goal set in this scientific article is substantiated. The physicomechanical characteristics of soil-cement are considered: a measure of brittleness, brittleness coefficient, compressive strength, splitting strength, strength variation coefficient. Based on the research, practical recommendations are given for improving soil-cement pile foundations.
29
Mohammad, Louay N., Amar Raghavandra, and Baoshan Huang. "Laboratory Performance Evaluation of Cement-Stabilized Soil Base Mixtures." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1721, no. 1 (January 2000): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1721-03.
Full textAbstract:
In-place cement-stabilized soils have served as the primary base material for the majority of noninterstate flexible pavements in Louisiana for many years. These materials are economically and easily constructed and provide outstanding structural characteristics for flexible pavements. However, these cement-treated materials crack due to shrinkage, with the cracks reflecting from the base to the surface. A laboratory study examined the performance of four different cement-stabilized soil mixtures recently used in the construction of test lanes at the Louisiana Pavement Testing Facilities. Laboratory tests included the indirect tensile strength and strain, unconfined compressive strength, and indirect tensile resilient modulus tests. The four mixtures were ( a) in-place-mixed cement-treated soil with 10 percent cement, ( b) plant-mixed cement-treated soil with 10 percent cement, ( c) plant-mixed cement-treated soil with 4 percent cement, and ( d) plant-mixed cement-treated soil with 4 percent cement and fiber reinforcement. The results indicated that there was no significant difference in performance between the plant-mixed and in-place-mixed cement-treated soil mixtures. The inclusion of fiber to the cement-treated soil mixture significantly increased the indirect tensile strain and the toughness index. Increases in compaction effort maintained or significantly increased the indirect tensile strength and unconfined compressive strength. Increases in curing period maintained or significantly increased indirect tensile and unconfined compressive strength as well as the resilient modulus of the mixtures.
30
Kalkan, Ekrem. "Freeze-Thaw Behavior of Stabilized Clayey Soil with Red Mud and Cement." International Journal of Science and Engineering Applications 11, no. 01 (January 2022): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.7753/ijsea1101.1004.
Full textAbstract:
The clayey soils in areas with seasonal frost are exposed to at least one freeze-thaw cycle every year and worsen their engineering properties. To prevent the engineering properties of clayey soils, it is necessary to improve the freeze-thaw resistance of them. In this study, the clayey soil was stabilized by using red mud and cement additive materials. Prepared samples of clayey soil and stabilized clayey soil were subjected to the unconfined compressive test. To investigate the effects of red mud and cement additive materials on the freeze-thaw resistance of clayey soil, the natural and stabilized expansive soil samples were exposed to the freeze-thaw cycles under laboratory conditions. The obtained results showed that the red mud and cement additive materials increased the freeze-thaw resistance of clayey soil. Consequently, it was concluded that red mud and cement additive materials can be successfully used to improve the freeze-thaw resistance of clayey soils.
31
Rangkuti, Nuril Mahda. "ANALYZED SOIL IMPROVEMENT BASED GYPSUM AND CEMENT IN SOIL CLAY." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 7, no. 12 (June 8, 2020): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v7.i12.2019.295.
Full textAbstract:
Land is an important element of the structure underneath a construction, so that the soil must have a good carrying capacity. But the reality on the ground is that many soils have low carrying capacity, so it is necessary to stabilize the soil with gypsum and cement. This study aims to determine the effective percentage of gypsum and cement addition and the effect of the addition of Gypsum and Cement to physical changes in clay soil in terms of the CBR (California Bearing Ratio) value of the curing time. This research was conducted in the laboratory, by testing the physical properties of the soil and the carrying capacity of the soil (CBR) with variations in the addition of gypsum and cement by 1%, 3%, and 5% with a long curing time of 1, 7, and 14 days . Sample testing is carried out with two treatments, namely soil samples are first cured and then compacted and the sample is solidified first and then cured. From the research results obtained the largest CBR (California Bearing Ratio) value occurs in the variation of the addition of Gypsum and Cement 5% with the length of time for soil specimens to be compacted first before curing is equal to 41.54%, this is due to the mixture of soil with gypsum and cement has been manjai solid before the collection can occur, the cavities between soil particles also become solid, so that the strength also increases. From the California Bearing Ratio results, it can be seen that the addition of gypsum and cement to clay soil shows an increase in the value of California Bearing Ratio on clay.
32
Aniculaesi, Mircea, Irina Lungu, and Anghel Stanciu. "Cure Time Effect on Compressibility Characteristics of Expansive Soils Treated with Eco-Cement." Advanced Materials Research 587 (November 2012): 129–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.587.129.
Full textAbstract:
The objective of this paper is to investigate the influence of curing time on expansive soil as a construction material when treated with eco-cement stabilizer, as partly substituting the Portland cement. Standard consolidation samples were prepared from treated soils with 10 % cement (5% eco-cement and 5% Portland cement), reported to the dry unit weight of soil, and cured for 1, 7 and 14 days. After this period the soil samples were then socked in water and standard consolidation tests were performed on them. The compressibility characteristics, for the improved soil with 10% cement, Eoed, mv and Cv have shown a significant improvement during the first 7 days. After 7 days curing time the variation of compressibility characteristics is less pronounced.
33
Rasouli, Habib, Hana Takhtfirouzeh, Abbasali Taghavi Ghalesari, and Roya Hemati. "Bearing Capacity Improvement of Shallow Foundations Using Cement-Stabilized Sand." Key Engineering Materials 723 (December 2016): 795–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.723.795.
Full textAbstract:
In order to attain a satisfactory level of safety and stability in the construction of structures on weak soil, one of the best solutions can be soil improvement. The addition of a certain percentage of some materials to the soil may compensate for its deficiency. Cement is a suitable material to be used for stabilization and modification of a wide variety of soils. By using this material, the engineering properties of soil can be improved. In this study, the effect of soil stabilization with cement on the bearing capacity of a shallow foundation was studied by employing finite element method. The material properties were obtained by conducting experimental tests on cement-stabilized sand. Cement varying from 2% to 8% by soil dry weight was added for stabilization. The effect of reinforced soil block dimensions, foundation width and cement content were investigated. From the results, it can be figured out that by stabilizing the soil below the foundation to certain dimensions with the necessary cement content, the bearing capacity of the foundation will increase to an acceptable level.
34
Mavroulidou, Maria, Christopher Gray, Fortunate Gumbochuma, and Michael J. Gunn. "A comparative assessment of chemical stabilisers including waste materials, for the treatment of swelling-shrinking soils." E3S Web of Conferences 195 (2020): 03028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019503028.
Full textAbstract:
This paper assesses comparatively the performance of a number of innovative soil stabilisers for the treatment of a highly swelling-shrinking soil, against that of commercial calcium lime. The production of lime, a most common soil stabiliser, involves high energy consumption, carbon dioxide emissions and the depletion of natural raw materials. Alternatives are actively sought, in particular industrial wastes and by-product materials or lower energy demand cements e.g. reactive magnesia (MgO) cements. In this paper calcium lime, reactive magnesia, industrial wastes and mixes of these with lime are comparatively assessed, based on a number of conventional measures of the propensity of a soil to swell, i.e. plasticity characteristics and swelling characteristics (swelling strains, swelling pressures, swelling indices). Furthermore, as expansive soils are typically in an unsaturated state hence sensitive to both changes in water content and suction, filter paper testing was performed to provide additional evidence of the effect of the treatments on the swelling/shrinking soil. According to the main findings, for the treatment of swelling shrinking soils, binders coming from the paper recycling industry show most promise as alternatives to lime; reactive magnesia cement had a smaller effect than calcium based stabilisers in improving the swelling-shrinking of the soil, yet it also suppressed swelling and shrinkage considerably; it thus shows potential for use as an alternative to common soil stabilisers (Portland cement and calcium lime) to alleviate the environmental impact of the latter.
35
Fadhil, Roaa M., and Haifaa A. Ali. "Effect of Soaking and Non-soaking Condition on Shear Strength Parameters of Sandy Soil Treated with Additives." Civil Engineering Journal 5, no. 5 (May 21, 2019): 1147–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2019-03091319.
Full textAbstract:
The present paper aims to improve shear strength parameters: cohesion (c), and angle of internal friction (∅) for sandy soil treated by additives before and after soaking. The samples of sandy soil were obtained from Karbala city and then classified as poorly graded sand (SP) with relative density Dr (30%) according to the system of (USCS). The experiment has three stages. In the first stage ,the soil was treated with three different percentages of cement (3 ,5 and 7%) of dry weight for the soil with three different percentages of water content (2, 4 and 8%) in each above percentage of cement, while the second stage includes (2%) of lime from soil weight mixed with each different percentage of cement . In the third stage, (50%) of polymer of cement weight was mixed with each different percentage of cement. An analysis of behavior sandy soils treated by additives was carried out with the Direct Shear Tests. All the samples were cured (3) days before and after soaking. The results of the experiment showed that increase in shear strength parameters of sandy soil; especially the angle of internal friction with the rate value (16.6 %) of cement only, (21.88 %) of cement with lime , (20.3%) of cement with the polymer before soaked condition. After soaking condition, it was increased with the rate value (14.3%) with cement only, (23.57%) of cement with lime, and (15.38%) of cement with the polymer as compared with soil in the natural state.
36
Septianto, Septianto, R. M. Rustamaji, and Eka Priadi. "UTILIZATION OF SPENT BLEACHING EARTH WASTE IN SOIL-CEMENT STABILIZATION FOR ROAD FOUNDATION LAYERS IN TERMS OF THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SOIL." Jurnal Teknik Sipil 23, no. 3 (August 28, 2023): 417. http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/jts.v23i3.67769.
Full textAbstract:
Various studies have been carried out to improve the parameters of soil mechanical properties. Efforts to improve the mechanical properties of the soil can be carried out in multiple ways, including automated means through compaction and chemical means through the addition of cement base materials. To improve the stability and properties of the subgrade soil, the cement base material that is commonly used is Portland Composite Cement (PCC). In several studies, apart from cement base materials, waste base materials have also been used for stabilization subgrade. This includes using bleached soil residues and rice husk ash as additives to stabilize the soil. The results showed that the use of soil bleaching waste in soil cement stabilization can be used to improve the mechanical properties of the embankment soil and the composition of the soil bleaching waste mixture so that mechanically, it is proven to provide the most effective improvement so that it can be used for road foundation layers made of cement soil. As part of this research, many tests can be carried out on normal and stabilized soils. Various percentages of SBE are 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%. PCC is introduced into the soil at a rate of 8% of the dry weight of the soil.
37
Popoola, Oluniyi Oyedeji, Jonathan Segun Adekanmi, and Omolade Regina Olulope. "CORN-COB ASH AS PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF CEMENT FOR STABILIZATION OF LATERITE SOIL." Journal of Civil Engineering, Science and Technology 15, no. 1 (April 5, 2024): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/jcest.5467.2024.
Full textAbstract:
Properties of underlying soils and borrowed soil samples are some of the key factors that determine the performance rate of roads. Most of the underlying soils possess some characteristics that make them unsuitable for use. There are available agricultural waste products in most rural settlements which can be used to treat unsuitable soils. This research examined the use of corn cob ash (CCA) as an admixture to cement on some selected geotechnical properties of laterite soil. The choice of the A-7-5 class of laterite soil is due to its general rating as poor material for subgrade and other layers of road pavement by the classification system of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). Cement was gradually added to the soil sample in steps of 2% from 0% to 10% by weight of the soil sample and its effect on the plasticity of the sample was examined. The addition of cement performed optimally on the soil’s plasticity at 4% which was used to form different mixtures of cement and CCA having a total sum not exceeding 4%. The additives were added to the soil sample which was subjected to laboratory tests such as compaction, California bearing ratio (CBR) and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) compacted with the efforts of 596kN/m2 and 1192kN/m2. The combination of 2% cement and 2% CCA on the soil sample improved the plasticity index and UCS properties of the soil to its optimal level while 3-1 and 4-0 cement-CCA performed optimally for CBR and compaction respectively. Thus, it was concluded that CCA performed optimally with cement at a ratio varying between 4:0 to 3:1 total percentage not exceeding 4% of the weight of the soil sample.
38
Isaev, B. N., S. Yu Badeev, A. G. Lunev, N. N. Tsapkova, V. V. Logutin, M. V. Kuznetsov, and V. S. Badeev. "Strengthening of soils by soil-cement elements." Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering 47, no. 5 (December 2010): 202–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11204-010-9110-8.
Full text
39
Chudinov, Sergey A. "Fiber Cement Soil in the Construction of Pavements for Logging Roads." Lesnoy Zhurnal (Forestry Journal), no. 2 (April 2, 2024): 118–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2024-2-118-127.
Full textAbstract:
The most important factor in increasing the efficiency of the development of forest tracts is the development and improvement of the transport and operational condition of the network of logging roads. Inert road construction materials, such as sand, crushed stone, crushed stone-sand mixture or gravel-sand mixture, are traditionally used for the construction of pavements for logging roads. However, in the areas with a shortage of these materials, the cost of road construction increases significantly. An alternative technology that can significantly reduce or completely eliminate the use of inert road construction materials is the stabilization of local soils for the construction of pavement structural layers. The soil stabilization technology consists in mixing them with binders and compacting them at the optimal moisture content of the mixture. In doing so, the resulting material acquires the desired strength and frost resistance. The most effective and common binder for soil stabilization is Portland cement. However, along with high strength properties and frost resistance, cement soils, due to their crystalline structure, have low crack resistance, which worsens transport and operational performance and shortens the service life of road pavements. One of the rational solutions for increasing the security of soil stabilization for the construction of road pavements is the installation of fiber cement soil layers. The object of this research is fiber cement soil for the construction of structural layers of road pavements for logging roads. The aim is to improve the physical and mechanical properties and frost resistance of soils stabilized with Portland cement with the addition of the material based on basalt fiber. Laboratory tests of compressive and tensile strength during splitting, as well as frost resistance of fiber cement soils of various compositions were carried out in accordance with GOST R 70452–2022. According to the data obtained, fiber cement soil has higher strength and frost resistance compared to cement soil. The fibers distributed throughout the cement-soil matrix effectively perceive external loads, providing high physical and mechanical indicators, and therefore crack and frost resistance of the material. The use of fiber cement soil for the construction of pavements for logging roads will increase the durability and reliability of their operation, as well as reduce the costs of construction and operation of road transport infrastructure of forest tracts.
40
Peng, Hong Tao, Hai Tao Su, Xin Ping Zhang, and Jun Wang. "Comparison of the Effectiveness of Enzyme and Portland Cement for Compressive Strengths of Stabilized Soils." Advanced Materials Research 281 (July 2011): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.281.1.
Full textAbstract:
Portland cement can be used as soil stabilizer, but poses some problems such as dust pollution, consumption of fossil energy and relatively large amounts of calcium-rich raw materials. Enzyme as a soil enzymatic stabilizer is a natural organic compound and promising material to reduce the application of Portland cement. Perma-Zyme is one type of enzyme. The results of the study showed that soil type and curing method significantly affected the effectiveness of the treatments with Perma-Zyme and Composite Portland cement. Under the air-dry conditions, the unconfined compressive strengths of soils stabilized with Composite Portland cement were lower than those treated with Perma-Zyme at each age. In sealed glass containers, the unconfined compressive strengths of soils treated with Composite Portland cement were higher than those treated with Perma-Zyme. These results indicate that after compaction, the surface of soil stabilized with Portland cement should be moistened with a spray of some water or cover with materials (such as plastic sheet)，but the surface of soil stabilized with Perma-Zyme need not spray water and cover with materials in the actual project construction.
41
Souza, Juliana Maria de, Rafaela Chagas Rudnick, and Juliana Azoia Lukiantchuki. "Evaluation of the incorporation of construction waste (CW) for the stabilization of soil-cement mixtures." Ambiente Construído 20, no. 4 (December 2020): 261–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1678-86212020000400471.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The reuse of construction waste (CW) has been increasingly adopted as a way to reduce the environmental impact from inadequate disposal of this material worldwide. The stabilization of soils with cement is a common practice, enabling the use of this material in a variety of projects. However, depending on the type of soil, frequently large quantities of cement are needed, making the technique impracticable. The use of CW in the soil stabilization process may be an alternative for reducing the amount of cement and improving the strength of the mixture. The objective of this work was to investigate the use of CW to partially replace a lateritic clay soil in soil-cement mixtures. Besides the natural soil (S), a mixture of soil and CW (S-CW) was used with proportions of 50% of each. The cement content levels evaluated were 0%, 4%, 6% and 8% and the curing periods varied from 7 to 28 days. The results showed superior strength values for the S-CW compared to the soil-cement. This confirms that the use of CW reduces the percentage of cement necessary for the stabilization of a clayey soil and presents an alternative, more environmentally appropriate destination for this material.
42
Wang, Feng Chi, Peng Fei Li, and Xiao Peng Ye. "Effects of Salt Corrosion and Freeze-Thaw Cycle on Rubberized Cement-Soil." Advanced Materials Research 152-153 (October 2010): 967–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.152-153.967.
Full textAbstract:
In order to improve salt corrosion and frost resistance of cement-soil, the waste tire rubber powder was mixed into cement-soil to form rubberized cement-soil. In the salt corrosion and freeze - thaw cycle (SCFT) conditions, compressive strength of rubberized cement-soil increases first and then decreases with rubber content increasing. The more numbers of SCFT cycles, the more strength slip increases. But in high concentration conditions, the strength of rubberized cement-soil with 5%-10% rubber content reduces. With the solution concentration or SCFT cycles number increasing, peak stress of rubberized cement-soil and common cement-soil gradually reduces, but strength slip of rubberized cement-soil is lower than of cement-soil. Studies indicate that the performance of rubberized cement-soil surpasses common cement-soil decided by the relationship between rubberized cement-soil skeleton elastic behavior and coupling expansive force.
43
Nguyen, Thanh Tu, Minh Duc Nguyen, Tong Nguyen, and Thanh Chien Phan. "Interface Shear Strength Behavior of Cement-Treated Soil under Consolidated Drained Conditions." Buildings 13, no. 7 (June 27, 2023): 1626. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13071626.
Full textAbstract:
This paper presents a series of laboratory tests to determine the shear strength and interface shear strength of cement-treated silty soil under consolidated and drained conditions. The test variables include the effective normal stress, cement content, and curing period. Experimental results indicated that the effective shear strength and interface shear strength of cement-treated soil specimens increased significantly as the cement content increased. After 28 days, the average shear strength ratio increased from 1.28 to 2.4, and the average interface efficiency factor improved from 1.15 to 1.55 as the cement content increased from 3% to 10%. It resulted from an increase in grain size and the fraction of sand-sized particles in the treated soils, approximately in two-time increments for the specimens treated with 10% cement content after 28 days of curing. In addition, the peak and residual values of the shear strength and interface shear strength of the cement-treated soil specimens were determined to assess their brittle behavior under high shear deformation. Last, two new empirical models are introduced herein. The first power equation is to predict the shear strength ratio of cement-treated soil at 28 days of curing using the soil-water/cement content ratio. The other proposed model is useful for assessing the rate of shear strength and interface shear development of cement-treated soil specimens within 56 days of curing.
44
Okonkwo, Ugochukwu Nnatuanya, and Charles Kennedy. "The Effectiveness of Cement and Lime as Stabilizers for Subgrade Soils with High Plasticity and Swelling Potential." Saudi Journal of Civil Engineering 7, no. 03 (April 13, 2023): 40–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sjce.2023.v07i03.001.
Full textAbstract:
This study investigated the effects of cement and lime on the mechanical properties of subgrade soils, which are challenging to stabilize due to high plasticity and swelling potential. The study found that both cement and lime are effective stabilizing agents that increase the OMC, with cement being more effective in reducing the OMC of black cotton soil. The engineering properties of stabilized Chokocho subgrade soil were also evaluated, and the use of cement and lime as stabilizers was found to be effective in improving soil characteristics for subgrade applications. This was indicated by increased maximum dry density values, reduced plasticity index values, and increased California bearing ratio and unconfined compressive strength values. The chemical composition test demonstrated that calcium plays a significant role in soil stabilization, while aluminum can potentially affect soil stability negatively. Other elements such as magnesium, iron, silicon, zinc, and nickel contribute positively to soil stability. The low amounts of lead, copper, manganese, potassium, sulfur, and titanium present in the soil indicate a minor contribution to soil stabilization, but their impact on soil properties and plant growth cannot be ignored. Overall, the study highlights the importance of considering specific soil types and conditions when undertaking soil stabilization projects. The findings provide valuable information for future research in this field, particularly in investigating the effectiveness of other stabilizers and their interactions with specific soil types. The use of cement and lime in soil stabilization is an effective method for enhancing the strength and durability of weak soils, as shown by the reduction in plastic limit values observed in the stabilized soil samples. The appropriate content of cement and lime to use in soil stabilization could inform standards and codes for soil stabilization.
45
Baldovino, Jair A., Ronaldo Izzo, and Abdullah Ekinci. "Strength Relationship Equation for Artificially Stabilized Rammed Sedimentary Soils." Buildings 12, no. 9 (September 12, 2022): 1433. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12091433.
Full textAbstract:
Soils from the superficial layers of the Guabirotuba formation (in Brazil) are problematic due to their expansive and low-bearing capacity. Stabilizing these soils with a calcium-based binder is a technique that must be explored. Therefore, this study aims to determine the mechanical behavior of stabilized sedimentary silts with cement and binder in various conditions. Four types of fine soils were used in deformed conditions. These soils were mixed with cement and compacted to measure their mechanical behavior. The specimens were tested in unconfined compressive and split tensile tests prepared with respect to several molding conditions: the moisture content, the curing period, durability cycles, the dry unit weight, the cement content, the cement type, and the soil type. This study was also carried out to develop a simplified approach to estimating the unconfined compressive strength (qu or UCS) and split tensile strength (qt or STS) of soil-cement or soil-cement–binder mixes. The results further demonstrate the influence of the porosity/volumetric cement index (η/Civ) on the qu- and qt-adjusted two new parameters—bo = 0.174 (dependent on cement) and k = 2.565 (dependent on the type of soil)—proposed herein for all mixtures studied. Using the proposed new parameters, a unique equation was developed to estimate the strength of the compacted blends as a function of the porosity and binder content, with an acceptance of 93% and an error close to 6%.
46
Chudinov, Sergey. "Structural strength characteristics of fiber cement soil in road pavement of timber roads in the Sverdlovsk region." Forestry Engineering Journal 14, no. 1 (June 20, 2024): 116–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2024.1/7.
Full textAbstract:
The solution to the problem of increasing the efficiency of the technology for strengthening soils of logging highway structures can be dispersed reinforcement of the cement-soil matrix with fiber. The resulting composite material, fiber cement soil, in the forest zone has increased strength properties and crack resistance. In order to study the structural strength characteristics of fiber cement soil: the angle of internal friction and the specific coefficient of adhesion, laboratory studies were carried out using a single-plane cutting unit GT 0.2.1. Samples of fiber cement soil were made on the basis of natural soil from the subgrade of a logging road in the Sverdlovsk region containing 2 %, 4 %, 6 % Portland cement and 0 %, 0.75 %, 1.5 % fiber based on waste from the production of basalt thermal insulation boards. Structural strength characteristics were determined and it was found that the addition of basalt fiber in the composition of fiber cement soil affects the angle of internal friction at a significance level of p = 0.000026 and at p = 0.000016 the specific coefficient of adhesion depending on the content of Portland cement. With a content of 2 % Portland cement, the addition of 1.5 % basalt fiber reduces the specific coefficient of adhesion by 8 % (10 kPa) and the angle of internal friction by 1°, due to the insufficient development of the cement-soil matrix of the fiber-cement soil. With a content of 6% Portland cement, the addition of 1.5 % basalt fiber increases the adhesion coefficient by 43 % (258.7 kPa) and the angle of internal friction by 2°, due to retention in the cement-soil matrix and the perception of external loads by the fiber due to axial tension. It is advisable to use the obtained indicators of specific adhesion and angle of internal friction for modeling and calculating road pavement structures for logging roads made of fiber cement soil using the finite element method, taking into account loads from timber transport and difficult natural conditions of the forest zone.
47
Muhudin, Abdullahi Abdulrahman, Mohammad Sharif Zami, Ismail Mohammad Budaiwi, and Ahmed Abd El Fattah. "Experimental Study of Thermal Conductivity in Soil Stabilization for Sustainable Construction Applications." Sustainability 16, no. 3 (January 23, 2024): 946. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16030946.
Full textAbstract:
Soils in Saudi Arabia are emerging as potential sustainable building materials, a notion central to this study. The research is crucial for advancing construction practices in arid areas by enhancing soil thermal properties through stabilization. Focusing on Hejaz region soils, the study evaluates the impact of stabilizers such as cement, lime, and cement kiln dust (CKD) on their thermal behavior. This investigation, using two specific soil types designated as Soil A and Soil B, varied the concentration of additives from 0% to 15% over a 12-week duration. Employing a TLS-100 for thermal measurements, it was found that Soil A, with a 12.5% cement concentration, showed a significant 164.54% increase in thermal conductivity. When treated with 2.5% lime, Soil A reached a thermal conductivity of 0.555 W/(m·K), whereas Soil B exhibited a 53.00% decrease under similar lime concentration, reflecting diverse soil responses. Notably, a 15% CKD application in Soil A led to an astounding 213.55% rise in thermal conductivity, with Soil B recording an 82.7% increase. The findings emphasize the substantial influence of soil stabilization in improving the thermal characteristics of Hejaz soils, especially with cement and CKD, and, to a varying extent. This study is pivotal in identifying precise, soil-specific stabilization methods in Saudi Arabia’s Hejaz region, essential for developing sustainable engineering applications and optimizing construction materials for better thermal efficiency.
48
Kumar, Prince, Anand J. Puppala, Surya Sarat Chandra Congress, and Jeb S. Tingle. "Resilient moduli characterization of cement-treated silt." E3S Web of Conferences 544 (2024): 11014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202454411014.
Full textAbstract:
The performance of a flexible pavement depends on the resilient modulus (MR) of subgrade soil. Thus, MR is a key design parameter for mechanistic-empirical pavement design of flexible pavements. Generally, the resilient modulus is determined by conducting repeated load triaxial (RLT) tests in the laboratory and has been used to characterize the subgrade soil behavior under repeated traffic loading conditions. The use of cement to stabilize natural subgrade soils is widely accepted by transportation agencies. Several research studies were conducted on the resilient behavior of cementtreated soils. However, limited research studies have been conducted on the resilient behavior of cement-treated silty soil. Therefore, the current research study assessed the resilient moduli properties of cement-treated silt. Cement-stabilized soil specimens were statically compacted and cured in a humid room for a stipulated curing period before conducting RLT tests. RLT tests were conducted on cement-treated specimens at different cement dosages and curing periods to study the effect of the cement dosage and curing time on the resilient modulus. Test results indicated that a significant improvement in performance was observed after cement treatment. The untreated soil specimens exhibited stresssoftening behavior with an increase in deviator stress, whereas the cement-treated specimens exhibited stress-hardening behavior. The resilient modulus was increased with an increase in cement dosage. Regression analyses were conducted on RLT test results using three-parameter universal model and model parameters were determined. It was observed that the three-parameter universal model exhibited an excellent fit with experimental data.
49
Sas, Wojciech, and Andrzej Głuchowski. "Effects of stabilization with cement on mechanical properties of cohesive soil – sandy-silty clay." Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Land Reclamation 45, no. 2 (December 1, 2013): 193–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sggw-2013-0016.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Effects of stabilization with cement on mechanical properties of cohesive soil - sandy- -silty clay. Ground improvement as a result of stabilization with cement has its impact on soft soils such as sandy clay in engineering constructions. Stabilized soils are also used in foundation design, where improvement of mechanical properties is needed. Because of these reasons, knowledge of physical and mechanical properties is needed. The relationship stress - strain of soils stabilized with cement is often unclear and strength characteristics need to be clear. In this paper results of physical and mechanical properties soil stabilized with cement are presented
50
Ji, Jinlan, and Guisheng Fan. "Prediction of the permeability-reducing effect of cement infiltration into sandy soils." Water Supply 17, no. 3 (November 15, 2016): 851–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2016.183.
Full textAbstract:
Univariate analysis on the permeability-reducing effects of cement infiltration into sandy soil was carried out using a series of experiments on sandy soil infiltrated by adding fine cement grains. The SPSS statistical analysis software was used on these experimental data to construct multivariate prediction models on the permeability-reducing effects of cement infiltration into sandy soils. The results indicate that it is possible to predict permeability-reducing effects using transfer functions. Relatively satisfactory predictions were achieved by inputting the postponed time of water supply, soil dry density, quantity of added cement, water pressure head of cement infiltration, physical clay-silt particle content of soil, and other factors as independent variables. A comparison between the multivariate linear and non-linear models showed that the two models had similar accuracy. The multivariate linear model is relatively simple, and hence can be used to predict permeability-reducing effects. The development of the models has scientific implications for soil modification by altering soil permeability through cement infiltration. It also has practical significance in predictive research on reducing the migration of ground surface pollutants into groundwater.