Journal articles: 'Soil conservation Afforestation'

1

Anderson, Dennis. "Economic aspects of afforestation and soil conservation projects." Annals of Regional Science 21, no. 3 (1987): 100–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01287285.

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Paul, K. I., P. J. Polglase, J. G. Nyakuengama, and P. K. Khanna. "Change in soil carbon following afforestation." Forest Ecology and Management 168, no. 1-3 (2002): 241–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-1127(01)00740-x.

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Carling, P. A., M. S. Glaister, and T. P. Flintham. "Soil erosion and conservation on land cultivated and drained for afforestation." Hydrological Processes 7, no. 3 (1993): 317–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.3360070309.

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Zhao, Juan, Xingmin Mu, and Peng Gao. "Dynamic response of runoff to soil and water conservation measures and precipitation based on VAR model." Hydrology Research 50, no. 3 (2019): 837–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2019.074.

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Abstract The Loess Plateau is one of the most erodible areas in the world, and numerous conservation measures have been implemented to control severe soil erosion. Better understanding of the changes in runoff and their influencing factors is required. A vector autoregression (VAR) model was used to simulate the dynamic relationship between runoff and six factors (precipitation, terraces, afforestation, grassing, check dams' construction, and grazing fencing) based on precipitation, runoff, and controlling measures of the Tuwei River basin in the middle reaches of the Yellow River during 1959–2012. Results showed that response of runoff usually lagged behind precipitation and the implementation of soil and water conservation measures. The annual runoff has no response to the increase of each measure area at the first year, but has varying degrees of response from the second year onward. Moreover, the same measure has different effects on runoff in different periods. The contribution of the factors that affect the annual runoff varied in the order of grazing fencing hillside &lt; grassing &lt; check dams' construction field &lt; afforestation &lt; precipitation &lt; terraces. In the long term, the contribution of soil and water conservation measures would be greater than 70% in the fluctuation of annual runoff.

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Jain, Avinash, Girish Chandra, and Raman Nautiyal. "Valuating intangible benefits from afforested areas: A case study in India." Economía Agraria y Recursos Naturales 17, no. 1 (2017): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.7201/earn.2017.01.04.

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Environmental compensation measures usually accompany energy projects. Willingness-To-Pay (WTP) for five intangible benefits derived from afforested areas of a compensatory afforestation programme of National Thermal Power Corporation Dadri are estimated. Conventional Contingent Valuation shows the average WTP € 2.1 per respondent per month with more than 43 % of total WTP for ‘soil conservation and remediation’ and ‘improvement in underground water level’. Logit model method depicts the same order of magnitude but differs significantly at 5 % level for all the benefits. More informed decisions upon energy projects and afforestation programs shall help in conserving forests and their ecosystem services.

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Singha, Chandan. "Impact of the adoption of vegetative soil conservation measures on farm profit, revenue and variable cost in Darjeeling district, India." Environment and Development Economics 24, no. 5 (2019): 529–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x19000226.

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AbstractThis study evaluates the effects of vegetative soil conservation practices (afforestation and/or bamboo planting) on farm profit and its components, revenue and variable cost. Since farmers self-select themselves as adopters of conservation measures, there could be a problem of selection bias in evaluating their soil conservation practices. We address the selection bias by using propensity score matching. We also check if there exists spatial spillover in adoption of vegetative conservation measures and how it affects matching. We use primary survey data from the Darjeeling district of the Eastern Himalayan region for the year 2013. Our results suggest strong spatial correlation. We find that the propensity score estimated from the spatial model provides better matches than the non-spatial model. While the results show that vegetative soil conservation can lead to significant gains in revenue, it also increases costs so that no significant gains in profit accrue to farmers.

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López-Vicente and Wu. "Soil and Water Conservation in Agricultural and Forestry Systems." Water 11, no. 9 (2019): 1937. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11091937.

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This special issue includes six articles that cover a variety of issues about the topic of soil and water conservation in agricultural systems, including the following: a bibliometric analysis of soil and water conservation in the Loess Region of China; regarding croplands, one study evaluated the influence of vegetation covers on topsoil moisture and the effect of physiographic conditions on sediment yield in Spanish vineyards; another study evaluated the influence of plant age on soil water depletion in alfalfa pastures in the Tibet Autonomous Region; in a Chinese forest plantation, the effect of plant age and species on soil bulk density and pH was evaluated, and the most suitable afforestation species and stand age recommended to harvest maximum benefits were determined; regarding water pollution, a study evaluated soil water dynamics during two fallow years and three barley crop seasons in Spain and estimated the effect of the applied fertilizer (slurries or minerals) on nitrate leaching; and finally, another study identified the key information, including heavy metals, for water conservation in the border areas of the Syr Darya River in Kazakhstan. The proper use of soil and water resources is necessary to ensure the future well-being of humans and of the environment.

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BREMER, LEAH L., KATHLEEN A. FARLEY, OLIVER A. CHADWICK, and CAROL P. HARDEN. "Changes in carbon storage with land management promoted by payment for ecosystem services." Environmental Conservation 43, no. 4 (2016): 397–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892916000199.

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SUMMARYAndean grasslands (páramos) are highly valued for their role in regional water supply as well as for their biodiversity and large soil carbon stocks. Several Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) programmes promote either afforestation or alteration of traditional burning regimes under the assumption that these land management strategies will maximize páramo ecosystem services, including carbon storage. However, knowledge of the effects of incentivized land uses is limited. In an evaluation of how afforestation and elimination of burning affect carbon storage at a site in southern Ecuador, we found the highest above-ground biomass carbon levels at afforested sites (99.3–122.0 t C ha−1), while grassland sites reached 23.9 t C ha−1after 45 years of burn exclusion. Soil carbon storage from 0–20 cm was high across all sites (172.8–201.9 t C ha−1), but was significantly lower with afforestation than with burn exclusion. These findings suggest that, although afforestation is generally favoured when carbon is the primary ecosystem service of interest, grasslands with infrequent burning have important potential as a land management strategy when both above-ground biomass and soil carbon are considered. These results are relevant to the development and adaptation of PES programmes focused on carbon as well as those focused on multiple ecosystem services.

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Eshetu, Zewdu. "Historical C3-C4 vegetation pattern on forested mountain slopes: its implication for ecological rehabilitation of degraded highlands of Ethiopia by afforestation." Journal of Tropical Ecology 18, no. 5 (2002): 743–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467402002481.

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In Ethiopia, plantation forestry for soil conservation and wood supply is mainly based on exotic tree species harvested at 12–25-y rotation age. To evaluate if these forests truly represent ecological rehabilitation of degraded areas through the build-up of soil organic matter before harvest, relative abundances of C3 vs. C4 carbon in soils under a 25-y-old forest on Mt. Yegof have been studied based on changes in soil δ13C values due to vegetation cover changes by afforestation. At Yegof, shrub and tree leaves had δ13C value of −28.7 ± 0.4‰. The grasses showed a value of −30.7 ± 0.6‰ at 2700–3000 m asl (typical C3) and of −13.6 ± 0.3‰ at 2520 m asl (typical C4). Soil δ13C values were −21.7 ± 0.9‰ in soil at 0–5 cm and −20.7 ± 0.6‰ in soil at 30–50 cm indicating a long history of C4-dominated grass or cropland over the elevations sampled. The shifts towards lower δ13C values in soil at 0–5 cm coincide with 25 y of C3 vegetation. Carbon content in topsoil was 3.4–9.2% and in tree leaves was 45–56%. However, an estimate of new C3 carbon (54%) in 0–5 cm soil was low as compared with tropical rain-forest and savanna ecosystems suggesting a slow rate of carbon turnover at Yegof. The results suggest that degraded sites at Yegof may need further duration of forest cover longer than current rotation times of the forests to improve soil conditions and restore soil organic matter and carbon, which have been lost during the past land use. It is encouraging from the perspectives of ecological rehabilitation and soil conservation that a shift in the dominance from C4 vegetation types of agricultural and grassland ecosystems to C3 forest ecosystems could be established in less than 25 y on these highly degraded slopes of Mt. Yegof.

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Hu, Yu Jen, Ya Ting Tsai, Ming Chi Tsai, Ching Ho Yen, and Jyh Bin Ke. "The Study of Carrier of Aerial Afforestation Design." Applied Mechanics and Materials 157-158 (February 2012): 1097–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.157-158.1097.

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In this study, we use the single-winged seeds flying model to study the relevant parameters. Afforestation used as sowing carrier stay in the air spill design to improve sowing distance. This study is further implemented the method currently carried out by Forestry Bureau for afforestation and soil conservation. This study is funded by the relevant principles of fluid dynamics to explore: physical analysis of the five seeds. Reads as follows: (1) structure and trajectory, (2) advance ratio, (3) lift thrust vs. pitch angle, (4) loading vs. terminal velocity, (5) cut-off angle area.. Finally, this study design some carrier models for testing. Spill sowing the spacing and the drift distance experiment analysis results. With experimental data, (shown in Table 2). This research used easy materials that you can make a lot. Fluid mechanical principles could be excellent learning materials for children to explore the use of teaching aids.

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Xia, Zhen Yao, Wen Nian Xu, and Jun Ling Chen. "The Discussion of Plan about Water Conservation and Afforestation of Xiaanxi Artificial Aggregate Production System in Three Gorges Project." Advanced Materials Research 393-395 (November 2011): 1532–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.393-395.1532.

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The Xiaanxi artificial aggregate production system in Three Gorges Project is the largest one in the world by now. In the process of quarrying, the problems of serious water & soil erosion and primary ecological system injury causing by excavation and dreg have not been solved. This paper analyses the site condition of the region, and basing on it, discusses the plan of water conservation and afforestation on quarry slope, stockyard platform and tailing-dump slope. Synthetically applying different methods and technologies, it would be able to achieve the efforts of conserving water and soil as well as good ecological landscape.

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He, Xi. "Ecological Construction Mode of Soil and Water Conservation in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area." E3S Web of Conferences 272 (2021): 01007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127201007.

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The Three Gorges Reservoir Area is an important ecological barrier and an important area of water conservation in China. Due to natural and man-made factors, the regional urbanization process is accompanied by soil erosion. In recent years, by actively implementing measures such as tree planting and afforestation, water and soil conservation projects, the forest coverage rate in the Chongqing Three Gorges Reservoir area has increased significantly, and soil erosion has been initially controlled. But the task of environmental protection in the Three Gorges Reservoir area is still arduous. This research analyzed the causes of soil erosion caused by the urban process, by collected and combed the data of soil erosion in the Three Gorges Reservoir area of Chongqing over the years. The causes of soil erosion in the Three Gorges Reservoir area caused by the urbanization process were deeply analyzed, we proposed to improve legislation and supervision; strengthen publicity and education of soil and water conservation; adopt new technology and technology and other governance countermeasures. The Three Gorges Reservoir is an important ecological barrier in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. The control of soil erosion in the area has important ecological and social benefits for protecting the ecological environment of the Yangtze River Basin in China.

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Guo, Z., and M. Shao. "Impact of afforestation density on soil and water conservation of the semiarid Loess Plateau, China." Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 68, no. 5 (2013): 401–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2489/jswc.68.5.401.

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Vesterdal, Lars, Eva Ritter, and Per Gundersen. "Change in soil organic carbon following afforestation of former arable land." Forest Ecology and Management 169, no. 1-2 (2002): 137–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-1127(02)00304-3.

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Farley, Kathleen A., and Eugene F. Kelly. "Effects of afforestation of a páramo grassland on soil nutrient status." Forest Ecology and Management 195, no. 3 (2004): 281–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2003.12.015.

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Yang, Zhi, Fang Hou, Jinhua Cheng, and Youyan Zhang. "Modeling the Effect of Different Forest Types on Water Balance in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area in China, with CoupModel." Water 13, no. 5 (2021): 654. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13050654.

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Precipitation, throughfall, stemflow, and soil water content were measured, whereas interception, transpiration, evaporation, deep percolation, and soil water recharge were estimated in three plots, including oak (Lithocarpus glaber), Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) forestlands, and maize (Zea mays) farmland in the Three Gorges Reservoir in China. A physical process-based model (CoupModel) was set up with climatic measurements as input and was calibrated with throughfall and vertical frequency domain reflectometry measurements from January 2018 to December 2019. Simulated values of soil moisture were fairly consistent with measured ones, with a determination coefficient (R2) of 0.73–0.91. Evapotranspiration was the main output of water balance, with a percentage of up to 61%, and such output was ranked as follows: oak forest (720 mm/y) > Chinese fir forest (700 mm/y) > maize farmland (600 mm/y). Afforestation influenced water balance, and water recharge was generally less significant in oak forestland than in Chinese fir forestland. Annual simulated deep percolation decreased by 60 mm for oak and 47 mm for Chinese fir compared with that for farmland (452 mm/y) and even more significantly in wet years. This decrease was mainly attributed to increased interception (122–159 mm/y) and transpiration (49–84 mm/y) after afforestation. Simulations indicated that vegetation species significantly influenced the magnitude of water balance components, calling for further attention to the selection of regrown tree species in the planning for afforestation projects, particularly for such projects that aim to improve the quantity of water infiltrating groundwater. Soil and water conservation measures should also be applied scientifically when converting farmland to forest in this area, particularly in the oak forest stand.

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Shi, Shengwei, Wen Zhang, Ping Zhang, Yongqiang Yu, and Fan Ding. "A synthesis of change in deep soil organic carbon stores with afforestation of agricultural soils." Forest Ecology and Management 296 (May 2013): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2013.01.026.

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Hernández-Tecles, Enrique, Jorge De las Heras, Zaida Lorenzo, Miguel Navascués, and Ricardo Alia. "Identification of gene pools used in restoration and conservation by chloroplast microsatellite markers in Iberian pine species." Forest Systems 26, no. 2 (2017): e05S. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/fs/2017262-9030.

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Aim of study: To contribute to the characterization of the origin of material used in afforestation, restoration or conservation activities by using Cp-SSR markers.Area of study: We used information from the natural range of Iberian pines, from Spain.Materials and methods: We used Iberian pines as an example to undertook gene pool characterization based on a wide Iberian sample of 97 populations from five Pinus species (Pinus halepensis, Pinus pinaster, Pinus nigra, Pinus sylvestris and Pinus uncinata). Haplotypes from each analyzed tree (derived from nine chloroplast microsatellites markers in P. halepensis and six in the rest of the species) were obtained. Based on this information we subdivided each species in regions (considering both genetic structure and its application in afforestation, restoration and conservation programs) and tested the assignation of populations to the different groups based on the genetic distance among samples.Main results: The rate of successful identification of populations among the different species was very high (> 94 %) for P. nigra, P. sylvestris and P. uncinata, high (81 %) for P. pinaster, and low (< 65 %) for P. halepensis. Research highlights: Chloroplast DNA markers from extensive population datasets can be used to assign the origin of the forest reproductive material in some pine species.

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Thlakma, Richard Sunday, and John Eche Omale. "AN ASSESSMENT OF THE VARIOUS MITIGATION STRATEGIES TO COMBAT DESERTIFICATION IN JIBIA AND KAITA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREAS OF KATSINA STATE." Geosfera Indonesia 4, no. 2 (2019): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/geosi.v4i2.10192.

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This study was conducted on an assessment of the various mitigation strategies to combat desertification in Jibia and Kaita Local Government Areas of Katsina State, Nigeria. The data use includes Satellite imageries for the study such as landsat MSS of 1976, landsat TM of 1987, SPOT XS of 1995 and landsat ETM of 2006 as well as structured questionnaires. Sixty close ended copies of the Questionnaire were administered in the study. Purposive sampling method of administering questionnaires was adopted. The percentages land mass covered for each of these variables was determined and estimated in M2. literature was obtained from various agencies which were responsible for desertification control in Katsina state. It was found from the reserved forest that in 1976 the percentage of reserved forest was 2.57%. In 1987 however, it increased by 73.9% to 76.47 %. By 1995, it declined by 9.42% to 67.05% and further declined by 0.52% in 2006. Effort to combat desertification through the use of reserved forest has been quite significant over the years. Also, noticed was a declined in shelter belt from 5.91% in 1987 to 1.097% in 1995 and a shot up to 7.39% in 2006. About 37% of the respondent opined that the deforestation leads to the disappearance of trees while 33% pinioned that it leads to reduction on agricultural productivity. The major strategy adopted to combat desertification is tree planting as supported by 88% of the respondents. It found that desertification as major environmental problem of the study area has reduced drastically from 43.34% in 1976 to 1.29% in 2006. It was also revealed from this study that some organizations such as European Economic Community/Katsina State government EEC/KTSG, Katsina Afforestation Project Unit KTAPU and Local Government Councils are the major agencies that are responsible for mitigating desertification in the study area. Keywords: Desertification, Mitigation, Afforestation, Shelterbelt and Satellite image References Ariyo, J.A, Abdullahi, C.J. Stigter, O.Z Onyewotu and I. Musa (2005). Community Participation in Planning Desertification, Control Interventions in Northern Nigeria. Lessons from Kano State. A Paper Presented at the Conference on Prospects and Problems of Agricultural Development in Nigeria, Held in Ahmadu Bello University Zaria. June 29th – July 2nd, 2005. Auwal, U. (2006). An Appraisal of Desertification in Arid Zone of Bauchi State. Unpublished PGDEM thesis Department of Geography, Bayero University Kano. Babura, D.U. (2001). Desertifucation in Babura Local Government Area. Unpublished PGDEM Thesis. Department of Geography, Bayero University Kano.  Bala, A. (2003). An Evaluation of Drought Incidence and Hazards in Northern Nigeria. A Paper Presented at a Seminar on the Conservation of the environment. Department of Geography Isa Kaita College of Education, Dutsinma, Katsina State 5th November. Bins, T. (1990). The Threatening Deserts: Ox Blackwell. Campbell, D.J (1986). The Prospects For desertification in Kajiado District Kenya, Geg. Federal Office of Statistics (1999). Annual Abstracts of Statistics: facts and Figures about Nigeria. Katsina Afforestation Project Unit (2006). A brief on Katsina Afforestation Project Unit (FGN ASSISTED) 1st February, 2006. Katsina Afforestation Project Unit (2006). Annual Reports on Afforestation Projects. Katsina Afforestation Project Unit (2009). Annual Reports on Afforestation Project. Katsina Afforestation Project Unit KTAPU. (2009). A brief on Katsina Afforestation Project Unit (FGN ASSITED) 5th February, 2009. Katsina Agricultural and Rural Development Authority KTARDA. (2006). Land Management\ Unit, Historical Background to soil conservation in Katsina State. Katsina Arid Zone Programme EEC/KTSG (1995). Soil Conservation Experience, A paper for KSACDP one day Soil conservation Strategy Workshop 14th December, 1995. Katsina Arid Zone Programme EEC/KTSG. (1995). Historical background of soil conservation efforts in Katsina State. Msafirri, F. (2009). Involving or not Involving Communities in strategies to combat Desertification and Drought in Kenya. Murtala S.K. (2003). An Analysis of the problems of desertification in Katsina local government area. An NCE project, Isa kaita College of Education Dutsin Ma, Katsina state.  Nasiru, I.M. (2009). Combating Desertification and Drought in Nigeria. Daily Trust Monday, 25th. National Population Commission (2006). Federal Republic of Nigeria (2009), National Population Commission Official Gazette No2, Abuja 2nd February 2009 Vol 96. Njeru, J. (2005). Monitoring and Modelling crop growth, water use and production crop growth, water use and production under dry land environment, north west of mount Kenya. Nyong, A.O. and Kanoroglou, P.S (1999). The Influence of water resources and their locations on rural distribution in north eastern Nigeria. A journal of environmental sciences. Owen and Pickering (1997). Global environmental issues. Rutledge and New York. Sagua, V.O, Enabor, E.E, K.O P.R.O, Ojanuga A.V, Mortimore, M. and Kalu, A.E. (1987). Ecological Disasters in Nigeria. Drought and Desertification Federal Ministry of science and Technology Lagos. Sani, M. (1996). Evaluation of Desertification and its effects in Jibia local Government area of Katsina state. Unpublished PGDEM Thesis. Department of Geography Bayero University Kano. Shittu, K. (1999). An Assessment on the socio economic effects of desertification in Katsina state. An Unpublished BSC project Department of Geography Bayero University Kano. Stebbing, E.P. (1935). The Encroaching Sahara: The Threat to west Africa colonies. A geographical Journal. The United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (1997). A new Response an age – old problem. United Nations Conversation on Desertification (1977). Desertification, it Causes and Consequences: Pergmon Press. United Nations, Department for Public Information (1997). The United Nations convention to combat desertification. Whates and Jones (1992). Land Degradation. Edward Arnold London. Copyright (c) 2019 Geosfera Indonesia Journal and Department of Geography Education, University of Jember This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share A like 4.0 International License

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Zhao, F. Z., C. J. Ren, X. H. Han, et al. "Trends in soil microbial communities in afforestation ecosystem modulated by aggradation phase." Forest Ecology and Management 441 (June 2019): 167–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2019.03.036.

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., V. L. Goel, and H. M. Behl . "Induced Variations, Selections and Germplasm Conservation in Selected Tree Species for Afforestation Programs on Degraded Soil Sites." Asian Journal of Plant Sciences 4, no. 3 (2005): 264–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ajps.2005.264.270.

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Zhang, Wentai, Guiqing Hu, Yu Dang, David C. Weindorf, and Jiandong Sheng. "Afforestation and the impacts on soil and water conservation at decadal and regional scales in Northwest China." Journal of Arid Environments 130 (July 2016): 98–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2016.03.003.

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Tang, Guoyong, and Kun Li. "Soil amelioration through afforestation and self-repair in a degraded valley-type savanna." Forest Ecology and Management 320 (May 2014): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2014.02.018.

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Ťupek, Boris, Aleksi Lehtonen, Raisa Mäkipää, et al. "Extensification and afforestation of cultivated mineral soil for climate change mitigation in Finland." Forest Ecology and Management 501 (December 2021): 119672. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2021.119672.

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Lacombe, Guillaume, Olivier Ribolzi, Anneke de Rouw, et al. "Contradictory hydrological impacts of afforestation in the humid tropics evidenced by long-term field monitoring and simulation modelling." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 20, no. 7 (2016): 2691–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-2691-2016.

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Abstract. The humid tropics are exposed to an unprecedented modernisation of agriculture involving rapid and mixed land-use changes with contrasted environmental impacts. Afforestation is often mentioned as an unambiguous solution for restoring ecosystem services and enhancing biodiversity. One consequence of afforestation is the alteration of streamflow variability which controls habitats, water resources, and flood risks. We demonstrate that afforestation by tree planting or by natural forest regeneration can induce opposite hydrological changes. An observatory including long-term field measurements of fine-scale land-use mosaics and of hydrometeorological variables has been operating in several headwater catchments in tropical southeast Asia since 2000. The GR2M water balance model, repeatedly calibrated over successive 1-year periods and used in simulation mode with the same year of rainfall input, allowed the hydrological effect of land-use change to be isolated from that of rainfall variability in two of these catchments in Laos and Vietnam. Visual inspection of hydrographs, correlation analyses, and trend detection tests allowed causality between land-use changes and changes in seasonal streamflow to be ascertained. In Laos, the combination of shifting cultivation system (alternation of rice and fallow) and the gradual increase of teak tree plantations replacing fallow led to intricate streamflow patterns: pluri-annual streamflow cycles induced by the shifting system, on top of a gradual streamflow increase over years caused by the spread of the plantations. In Vietnam, the abandonment of continuously cropped areas combined with patches of mix-trees plantations led to the natural re-growth of forest communities followed by a gradual drop in streamflow. Soil infiltrability controlled by surface crusting is the predominant process explaining why two modes of afforestation (natural regeneration vs. planting) led to opposite changes in streamflow regime. Given that commercial tree plantations will continue to expand in the humid tropics, careful consideration is needed before attributing to them positive effects on water and soil conservation.

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Lacombe, G., O. Ribolzi, A. de Rouw, et al. "Afforestation by natural regeneration or by tree planting: examples of opposite hydrological impacts evidenced by long-term field monitoring in the humid tropics." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 12, no. 12 (2015): 12615–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-12-12615-2015.

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Abstract. The humid tropics are exposed to an unprecedented modernization of agriculture involving rapid and highly-mixed land-use changes with contrasted environmental impacts. Afforestation is often mentioned as an unambiguous solution for restoring ecosystem services and enhancing biodiversity. One consequence of afforestation is the alteration of streamflow variability controlling habitats, water resources and flood risks. We demonstrate that afforestation by tree planting or by natural forest regeneration can induce opposite hydrological changes. An observatory including long-term field measurements of fine-scale land-use mosaics and of hydro-meteorological variables has been operating in several headwater catchments in tropical Southeast Asia since 2001. The GR2M water balance model repeatedly calibrated over successive 1 year periods, and used in simulation mode with specific rainfall input, allowed the hydrological effect of land-use change to be isolated from that of rainfall variability in two of these catchments in Laos and Vietnam. Visual inspection of hydrographs, correlation analyses and trend detection tests allowed causality between land-use changes and changes in seasonal flows to be ascertained. In Laos, the combination of shifting cultivation system (alternation of rice and fallow) and the gradual increase of teak tree plantations replacing fallow, led to intricate flow patterns: pluri-annual flow cycles induced by the shifting system, on top of a gradual flow increase over years caused by the spread of the plantation. In Vietnam, the abandonment of continuously cropped areas mixed with patches of tree plantations led to the natural re-growth of forest communities followed by a gradual drop in streamflow. Soil infiltrability controlled by surface crusting is the predominant process explaining why two modes of afforestation (natural regeneration or planting) led to opposite changes in flow regime. Given that commercial tree plantations will continue to expand in the humid tropics, careful consideration is needed before attributing to them positive effects on water and soil conservation.

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Wang, Hui‐Mei, Wen‐Jie Wang, Huanfeng Chen, Zhonghua Zhang, Zijun Mao, and Yuan‐Gang Zu. "Temporal changes of soil physic‐chemical properties at different soil depths during larch afforestation by multivariate analysis of covariance." Ecology and Evolution 4, no. 7 (2014): 1039–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.947.

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Shi, Yun, Sha Geng, and Wen Bao Mi. "A Study on Topographic Differentiation of Small-Watershed Landscapes in the Loess Hilly Region Based on Ecological Restoration Measures." Applied Mechanics and Materials 675-677 (October 2014): 989–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.675-677.989.

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Small watershed is the basic unit of soil and water conservation management in the Loess Hilly Region, and the spatial distribution of different landscapes for land use in small watershed has restricted a variety of ecological processes and ecological benefits of landscapes. This paper combines a geographic information system (GIS) and statistical analysis to reveal the relationship between the spatial distribution of landscape types and topographic factors such as elevation, slope and aspect so as to explore the influences of topographic factors on the spatial distribution pattern of different ecological restoration measures. Gaojianbao Watershed, a typical loess hilly region , is the study area. A land-use map (scale1:50000,2013) of the study area and the topographic map (1:100,000) were used as the base data. The study area is divided into 8 landscape types by the classification of ecological restoration measures. The results showed that: topographic factor is an important factor affecting the watershed ecological restoration, and the spatial distribution of ecological restoration landscapes in Gaojianpu Watershed was significantly associated with topographic factors, featuring obvious vertical distribution. With the rise of elevation, the distribution of landscape types showed the order of ditch protection forest to fruit forest to afforestation (grassland restoration) to barren hills under natural enclosing to level terrace to fish-scale pit to barren hill under afforestation; the spatial distribution of each landscape component was greatly influenced by slope, and the distribution ratio first increased gradually and then decreased; when the aspect shifts from shady to sunny, the distribution ratio of landscapes like afforestation (grassland restoration), level terrace and barren hills under afforestation decreased while the distribution ratio of barren hills under natural enclosing and fruit forests increased, and the landscapes of fish-scale pits and ditch protection forests were basically not affected by aspect.

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Zhao, Yang, and Xinxiao Yu. "Effects of climatic variability and human activity on runoff in the Loess Plateau of China." Forestry Chronicle 89, no. 02 (2013): 153–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc2013-032.

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The Loess Plateau in north-central China has a long history of human activities. As a result of climate change, deforestation and sparse vegetative cover, the region suffers from water shortages and severe soil erosion, significantly influencing efforts for sustainable social development. In order to understand the impacts of climatic variability and human activities on runoff and other hydrological factors in this region, the Luoyugou catchment and its paired catchments (Qiaozidong and Qiaozixi) were selected. Statistical analysis indicated precipitation did not vary significantly whereas the annual runoff decreased from 1986 to 2008, with an abrupt change in 1994. Actual evapotranspiration (AET) increased slightly but not significantly. A comparison of runoff in the paired catchments showed land use changes reduced runoff by more than 38% under the same rainfall conditions. Human activities were the strongest contributor to changes in runoff and AET, at 67% and 90% respectively, while the remaining contributor was climate variation. The influence of various human activities on runoff is quite different, and soil-water conservation initiatives have a greater impact on runoff (about 41%). Thus, human activities were the primary reason for the reduction in runoff in the study catchment compared to climate. Greater emphasis should be given to afforestation and soil-water conservation measures.

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Cogliastro, Alain, Daniel Gagnon, Stéphane Daigle, and André Bouchard. "Improving hardwood afforestation success: an analysis of the effects of soil properties in southwestern Quebec." Forest Ecology and Management 177, no. 1-3 (2003): 347–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-1127(02)00395-x.

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Zhang, Qingyin, Xiaoxu Jia, Xiaorong Wei, Mingan Shao, Tongchuan Li, and Qiang Yu. "Total soil organic carbon increases but becomes more labile after afforestation in China’s Loess Plateau." Forest Ecology and Management 461 (April 2020): 117911. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2020.117911.

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Ingerpuu, Nele, Tiiu Kupper, Kai Vellak, et al. "Response of bryophytes to afforestation, increase of air humidity, and enrichment of soil diaspore bank." Forest Ecology and Management 432 (January 2019): 64–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2018.09.004.

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Kohei, MATSUNAGA. "Balancing Afforestation with Grain Production and Water Use for Sustainable Effects of Soil Conservation in the Chinese Loess Plateau." Geographical review of Japan series B 87, no. 2 (2015): 99–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.4157/geogrevjapanb.87.99.

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Ojeda, Fernando. "Pine afforestation, herriza and wildfire: a tale of soil erosion and biodiversity loss in the Mediterranean region." International Journal of Wildland Fire 29, no. 12 (2020): 1142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf20097.

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From a western society’s perspective, wildfires are catastrophic events that jeopardise biodiversity and cause soil erosion, not to mention risk to human lives and properties. However, many Mediterranean-type ecosystems are not only resilient to wildfires but sensitive to the lack of wildfires. This communication focuses on the Mediterranean heathland or herriza as a paradigmatic fire-prone ecosystem to illustrate how most negative impacts allegedly attributed to wildfires actually occur in commercial forestry plantations. They are caused by aggressive forestry practices prior to the wildfire. In natural Mediterranean habitats, such as the herriza, complete wildfire suppression may actually pose a serious threat to biodiversity. The large existing body of scientific knowledge on the relationships of Mediterranean ecosystems with fire should be incorporated into plans and policies dealing with wildfire and conservation to make them more appropriate and efficient. Finally, burned natural areas should not be regarded, or treated, as dead pieces of nature and destroyed ecosystems, but as a transitional stage within the dynamics of Mediterranean-type ecosystems.

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Nouvellon, Yann, Daniel Epron, Antoine Kinana, et al. "Soil CO2 effluxes, soil carbon balance, and early tree growth following savannah afforestation in Congo: Comparison of two site preparation treatments." Forest Ecology and Management 255, no. 5-6 (2008): 1926–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2007.12.026.

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Chandra, Girish, Avinash Jain, and Sanjay Kumar. "Logit model application for valuating intangible benefits from the afforested areas." Forestry Economics Review 2, no. 1 (2020): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/fer-04-2020-0007.

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PurposeThe estimation of market value of intangible benefits of afforestation has always been a challenging task, and the contingent valuation method is a popular method used in environmental assessment. The NTPC set up a coal-based power plant in Korba, India and planted 1.6 million trees on 19% of the project area.Design/methodology/approachThe individual's mean and median willingness to pay (WTP) for four intangible benefits, namely, pollution control (PC), improvement in underground water level (IUGWL), soil conservation and remediation (SCR) in addition to total WTP from the afforestation program of NTPC were estimated using a customized procedure for logit model based upon respondent's age, education, occupation, income and bid amount asked to pay. Stratified multistage random sampling has been used to select the respondents.FindingsThe procedure increases the number of respondents who are willing to pay as compared to conventional CVM. The finding of the study shows that the highest WTP was observed for PC (Rs. 462.84 per month per household) followed by SCR and IUGWL, whereas for total WTP it was Rs. 972.60.Originality/valueThe proposed customized procedure and the results thereof would be useful in improving the WTP estimates for other similar studies in order to conserve the environment.

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Tew, Eleanor R., Elena I. Vanguelova, and William J. Sutherland. "Alternative afforestation options on sandy heathland result in minimal long-term changes in mineral soil layers." Forest Ecology and Management 483 (March 2021): 118906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2020.118906.

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Zhu, Xi, Jie Lin, Qiao Dai, Yanying Xu, and Haidong Li. "Evaluation of Forest Conversion Effects on Soil Erosion, Soil Organic Carbon and Total Nitrogen Based on 137Cs Tracer Technique." Forests 10, no. 5 (2019): 433. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10050433.

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Soil erosion can affect the horizontal and the vertical distribution of soil carbon at the landscape scale. The 137Cs tracer technique can overcome the shortcomings of traditional erosion research and has proven to be the best method to study soil erosion. To understand the responses of soil organic carbon and nitrogen to soil erosion and forest conversion in the development of slope economic forests in rocky mountain areas, three representative types of economic forests that were all formed after clear-cutting and afforestation on the basis of CBF (coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forests) were selected: CF (chestnut forests) with small human disturbance intensity, AF (apple forests), and HF (hawthorn forests) with high interference intensity. The results showed that all land use types have significantly eroded since 1950; the average annual loss of soil was 0.79 mm in the CBF, 2.31 mm in the AF, 1.84 mm in the HF, and 0.87 mm in the CF. The results indicated aggravation of soil erosion after the transformation of the CBF into an economic forest. The economic forest management reduced the average carbon storage and accelerated nutrient loss. The better vegetation coverage and litter coverage of CF made them stand out among the three economic forest varieties. Therefore, when developing economic forests, we should select species that can produce litter to ensure as much soil conservation as possible to reduce the risk of soil erosion.

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Dogbey, James, Cassie Quigley, Megan Che, and Jeffrey Hallo. "Using Smartphone Technology in Environmental Sustainability Education." International Journal of Mobile and Blended Learning 6, no. 1 (2014): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijmbl.2014010101.

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This study engaged key stakeholders in an economically and environmentally fragile region in Kenya in a unique, interdisciplinary, and integrative approach to explore the extent to which the use of smartphone technology helps access the environmental values and sustainability perspectives of the people of the Maasai land. The results of the study indicate that the participants' environmental values and sustainability perspectives, exposed through photovoices, pertain mainly to issues regarding livestock grazing, deforestation, soil erosion, wildlife and human co-habitation, waste management, afforestation, and the conservation of the natural vegetation. A common theme permeating the participants' photovoices was their awareness of the intertwining effects of these major environmental issues on the environment. The results also suggest a strong understanding of ecological compositions and connections in the environment by the participants.

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Cao, Jianjun, Hong Tian, Jan F. Adamowski, Xiaofang Zhang, and Zijian Cao. "Influences of afforestation policies on soil moisture content in China’s arid and semi-arid regions." Land Use Policy 75 (June 2018): 449–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2018.04.006.

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Smal, Halina, Sławomir Ligęza, Jacek Pranagal, Danuta Urban, and Dorota Pietruczyk-Popławska. "Changes in the stocks of soil organic carbon, total nitrogen and phosphorus following afforestation of post-arable soils: A chronosequence study." Forest Ecology and Management 451 (November 2019): 117536. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2019.117536.

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Szramka, Hubert, and Krzysztof Adamowicz. "Forest development and conservation policy in Poland." Folia Forestalia Polonica 62, no. 1 (2020): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ffp-2020-0004.

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AbstractWhilst, in many countries, the scale of forest loss from business-as-usual development is immense, in Poland, this problem does not exist. However, obtaining additional land areas for afforestation is a main issue in Poland. In Poland, after the World War II, the forest area has been systematically growing. In 1945, the forest area was about 6.5 million ha, and the forest cover was 21%. In 2016, the forest area reached 9.2 million ha, and forest cover amounted to 29.5%. Today, there are 0.24 ha of forests per one inhabitant of Poland. The size of wood resources in stands is also changing. In 1945, forest resources on the trunk amounted to approximately 906 million m3, and in 2016, it reached 2.4 million m3. The problem, however, is the uneven distribution of forests in Poland. Forests in Poland are very strictly protected by law. There are two most important acts, Forest Act of 2001 and Nature Conservation Act of 2004, that regulate principles for the retention, protection and augmentation of forest resources. Over the past decades in Poland, the social demands regarding non-economical functions of forest such as recreational activities, soil and water protection and mitigation of global warming became an important and constantly growing challenge for forest managers. Thus we suggest that, first of all, it is very important to extract the leading function for a given forest area. Interactions between development and conservations policies are very tied and may suggest the need of their integration. In this article, we present the concept of development policy for forest management and forest protection in Poland.

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Zinn, Yuri L., Dimas V. S. Resck, and José E. da Silva. "Soil organic carbon as affected by afforestation with Eucalyptus and Pinus in the Cerrado region of Brazil." Forest Ecology and Management 166, no. 1-3 (2002): 285–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-1127(01)00682-x.

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Tau Strand, Line, Wendy Fjellstad, Leah Jackson-Blake, and Heleen A. De Wit. "Afforestation of a pasture in Norway did not result in higher soil carbon, 50 years after planting." Landscape and Urban Planning 207 (March 2021): 104007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2020.104007.

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Chen, C. R., L. M. Condron, and Z. H. Xu. "Impacts of grassland afforestation with coniferous trees on soil phosphorus dynamics and associated microbial processes: A review." Forest Ecology and Management 255, no. 3-4 (2008): 396–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2007.10.040.

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Jiu, Jinzhu, Hongjuan Wu, and Sen Li. "The Implication of Land-Use/Land-Cover Change for the Declining Soil Erosion Risk in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 10 (2019): 1856. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16101856.

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The Three Gorges Reservoir Region (TGRR) in China is an ecologically and politically important region experiencing rapid land use/cover changes and prone to many environment hazards related to soil erosion. In the present study, we: (1) estimated recent changes in the risk pattern of soil erosion in the TGRR, (2) analysed how the changes in soil erosion risks could be associated with land use and land cover change, and (3) examined whether the interactions between urbanisation and natural resource management practices may exert impacts on the risks. Our results indicated a declining trend of soil erosion risk from 14.7 × 106 t in 2000 to 1.10 × 106 t in 2015, with the most risky areas being in the central and north TGRR. Increase in the water surface of the Yangtze River (by 61.8%, as a consequence of water level rise following the construction of the Three Gorges Dam), was found to be negatively associated with soil erosion risk. Afforestation (with measured increase in forest extent by 690 km2 and improvement of NDVI by 8.2%) in the TGRR was associated with positive soil erosion risk mitigation. An interaction between urbanisation (urban extant increased by 300 km2) and vegetation diversification (decreased by 0.01) was identified, through which the effect of vegetation diversification on soil erosion risk was negative in areas having lower urbanisation rates only. Our results highlight the importance of prioritising cross-sectoral policies on soil conservation to balance the trade-offs between urbanisation and natural resource management.

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Bujanov, P. M. "Ecological problems of sandy area afforestation in the south of Ukraine." Ecology and Noospherology 25, no. 1-2 (2014): 92–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/031409.

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The town of Oleshky, renamed as Tsiurupinsk in 1928, is located in the Kherson region of Ukraine, near the railway station Tsiurupinsk. The Nizhnyodniprovsky Research Station "Afforestation of sands and viticulture" is located here. The total area of forest fund in Kherson region is 221.7 thousand hectares. The percentage of forest land is 3.3 %. 45 thousand hectares of this area belong to Tiurupinsk forest. The tree composition involves 74 % of coniferous and 26 % of deciduous breeds. 62 % of Cherson forests were created by man. The pine forests on the Oleshkovsky (Nizhnyodniprovsky) sands were created in the middle of the XIX сentury. This was dictated by the urgent task of fixing the sands by the black storms, using the fertility of sands in forest managment and agriculture. Completely joining the authors of papers devoted Oleshkovsky sands, their afforestation, recreation, conservation and management of the southern pine forest complexes, we consider important to mention: in harsh growing conditions of pine trees it is extremely necessary to strive for a complex biogeocenological research, to a comprehensive in-depth knowledge of pine ecosystems, at which typological approach is obligatory not from the standpoint of common assessments of forest growth conditions, but using typological principles of Professor A. L. Belgard established for the conditions of geographical and often environmental inadequacy of forest to habitat conditions; the typology provides diversity of soil types of Oleshkovsky forest growth conditions where there are two variants of soils – with and without salinity, with different gradations of humidification – from very dry to wet soils; it is necessary to take into account the extent of the influence of planted forests on the environment, which depends primarily on the ecological forest structure, which refers to the light structure of the stands and the duration of their habitat transforming influence. Light structure, in its turn depends on the architectonics of the tree crowns forming part of the forest (Belgard, 1971); using the special equipment it is necessary to create or improve the network of hydrological monitoring wells covering all environmental profiles, catens and plots, to conduct large-scale monitoring studies of the cyclic and successional forms of dynamics of forest hydrology: groundwater level, the chemistry, radioecology, organic matter, biota and also flow direction of groundwater movement (hydraulically interconnected), their degree of contamination, sanitary toxicological and other features; to explore sandy soils for content and quality of humus to evaluate soil fertility (Orlov, 1981); to explore microclimatic regimes to identify critical data to the vitality of pine plantations; with all indicators of systematic characteristics of a pine (Pinus silvestris L.), it has about 100 species. In the culture of Ukraine there are about 35 species. But, as foresters observe, not every pine (Pinus silvestris L.). gives a good effect of growth and development in every kind of environmental ecotope. It is necessary to consider the differences between hereditary traits of burned 350 years old samples of the eternal pinewood in Samarsky forest and artificial pine plantations grown from seed material taken from a completely different habitat conditions. Oak acorns, collected in the floodplain of River Dniester and planted in the watershed of Gyrnetsovy forest in Moldavia, dieback at the age of 30 years, but oak acorns, collected in plakor conditions and landed next to the first, have high vitality, intensive growth and development. It is well known that the Scots pine (Pinus silvestris) and Cretaceous pine (Pinus cretacea) do not differ in systematics. But Scots pine planted on chalk mountains near Scots pine are different. The first pine does not give seed regeneration, and the second one has acquired the ability to reproduce itself easily on Cretaceous and to hоld on barren rock outcrops (Milkov, 1959); in the study of sandy habitats it is necessary to establish consort links in biogeocenoses, their horizontal and vertical structures, ecomorphic features of the forest, its age population type, and as a result - to establish the viability and sustainability of pine plantations to the conditions; finally, it should be emphasized that only a comprehensive and integrated approach to the study of forest ecosystems in the steppe (horizontal and vertical structure) can give a reliable information about the successfully constructed plantation, its stability and durability.

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Stevens, Antoine, and Bas van Wesemael. "Soil organic carbon stock in the Belgian Ardennes as affected by afforestation and deforestation from 1868 to 2005." Forest Ecology and Management 256, no. 8 (2008): 1527–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2008.06.041.

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Cao, Hongyu, Yujia Du, Guanglei Gao, Liangyi Rao, Guodong Ding, and Ying Zhang. "Afforestation with Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica remodelled soil bacterial community and potential metabolic function in the Horqin Desert." Global Ecology and Conservation 29 (September 2021): e01716. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01716.

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Xiang, Yangzhou, Ying Liu, Xuejiao Yue, et al. "Factors controlling soil organic carbon and total nitrogen stocks following afforestation with Robinia pseudoacacia on cropland across China." Forest Ecology and Management 494 (August 2021): 119274. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2021.119274.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Soil conservation Afforestation'

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