Relevant bibliographies by topics / Soil conservation economic aspects malawi

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Academic literature on the topic 'Soil conservation economic aspects malawi'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 11 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Soil conservation economic aspects malawi"

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Anderson, Dennis. "Economic aspects of afforestation and soil conservation projects." Annals of Regional Science 21, no. 3 (1987): 100–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01287285.

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Nadkarni, M. V., and V. Govindaru. "Nobody's Child: The Economic and Institutional Aspects of Soil Conservation in India." Journal of Environment & Development 4, no. 1 (1995): 171–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107049659500400109.

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THIERFELDER, CHRISTIAN, W. TRENT BUNDERSON, ZWIDE D. JERE, MUNYARADZI MUTENJE, and AMOS NGWIRA. "DEVELOPMENT OF CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE (CA) SYSTEMS IN MALAWI: LESSONS LEARNED FROM 2005 TO 2014." Experimental Agriculture 52, no. 4 (2015): 579–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479715000265.

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SUMMARYConservation agriculture (CA) was introduced to farmers in Malawi to address soil degradation, declining crop productivity and the need to adapt to climate variability and change. This research from 2005 to 2014 aimed at analysing the effects of CA on longer-term productivity and profitability compared with conventional systems as practiced in two communities of Central Malawi. CA treatments outyielded conventional ridge tilled control plots in Mwansambo and Zidyana on average by between 22 and 31%, respectively. An economic analysis from 2011 to 2014 found that, on average, income was 50 and 83% greater in CA systems than in conventional systems. The crops were produced with 28 -39 less labour days ha−1 compared with the conventional practice, leading to greater net benefits. Despite the higher returns with CA, there are still challenges with residue retention, weed control, adequate rotations, management of pests and diseases as well as other socio-economic constraints. At the same time, there are opportunities to address these challenges through site-specific and adaptive research using innovation systems approaches.
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NGWIRA, A. R., C. THIERFELDER, N. EASH, and D. M. LAMBERT. "RISK AND MAIZE-BASED CROPPING SYSTEMS FOR SMALLHOLDER MALAWI FARMERS USING CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE TECHNOLOGIES." Experimental Agriculture 49, no. 4 (2013): 483–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479713000306.

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SUMMARYAgricultural production in southern Africa is constrained by numerous factors, including low soil fertility, frequent droughts and flooding, limited access to fertilizers and the use of unsustainable management techniques that increase soil erosion rates. Conservation agriculture (CA) is based on the principles of minimum soil disturbance, crop residue retention and crop rotations. CA systems have been proposed to alleviate the negative externalities associated with conventional crop management systems. This study was conducted to examine the riskiness of economic returns of CA technologies based on maize grain yield evaluated in 12 target communities in Malawi from 2005–2011. On average, maize grain yields on both CA treatments exceeded the conventional control treatment by 22.1–23.6%, with differences more distinct in low altitude areas with low rainfall and frequent seasonal dry spells. Stochastic dominance analysis suggest that CA technologies would be preferred by risk-averse farmers, with corresponding differences in risk premiums (compared to conventional maize production systems) ranging between US$40 and US$105. However, these rankings are sensitive to the agroecological zones where the experiments were conducted. The risk premiums associated with the CA technologies in low elevation regions are unambiguous. Risk-averse farmers in higher elevations may need substantial incentives to adopt some CA technologies.
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Lu, Y., and M. Stocking. "Integrating biophysical and socio-economic aspects of soil conservation on the Loess Plateau, China. Part III. The benefits of conservation." Land Degradation & Development 11, no. 2 (2000): 153–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-145x(200003/04)11:2<153::aid-ldr374>3.0.co;2-#.

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Ovchinnikova, Natalia, Daria Burdova, and Maria Garanova. "Arrangement for rational use and conservation of land resources in Rostov region." E3S Web of Conferences 164 (2020): 07005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016407005.

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This article covers the problem of rational use of land taking into account the economic and environmental aspects, aiming to eliminate any irrational use of land plots in the future. For this reason, it specifies the parameters characterizing the components of a rational land use concept, namely, its compliance with the intended use, sustainable soil fertility and environmental situation. The achievement of rationalization often contradicts the basic objectives of the concept of territorial development. To avoid such contradictions, the authors disclose the principles of rational land use. As of today, the concept of rational land use covers aspects in various spheres, such as ecology, economics, sociology, and, besides, affects environmental measures. Land resources management refers not only to the use of land resources, when natural and economic conditions and properties of the territory are the most fully taken into account, the fundamental socio-economic interests of the society are ensured, high efficiency of production and other activities is achieved, and the productive and other soil properties are recovered and ensured, but also to the possibility of using land by legitimate land users.
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Haregeweyn, Nigussie, Atsushi Tsunekawa, Jan Nyssen, et al. "Soil erosion and conservation in Ethiopia." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 39, no. 6 (2015): 750–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309133315598725.

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This paper reviews Ethiopia’s experience and research progress in past soil and water conservation (SWC) efforts and suggests possible solutions for improvement. Although indigenous SWC techniques date back to 400 BC, institutionalized SWC activity in Ethiopia became significant only after the 1970s. At least six national SWC-related programs have been initiated since the 1970s and their focus over time has shifted from food relief to land conservation and then to livelihoods. The overall current soil erosion rates are highly variable and large by international standards, and sheet, rill, and gully erosion are the dominant processes. The influence of human activities on the landscape has traditionally been deleterious, but this trend seems to have recently reversed in some parts of the country following the engagement of the communities in land management. The efficiency of SWC measures show mixed results that are influenced by the type of measures and the agro-ecology under which they were implemented; in general, the relative performance of the interventions is better in the drylands as compared with humid areas. Methodological limitations also occur when addressing the economic aspects related to benefits of ecosystem services and other externalities. Although farmers have shown an increased understanding of the soil erosion problem, SWC efforts face a host of barriers related to limited access to capital, limited benefits, land tenure insecurity, limited technology choices and technical support, and poor community participation. In general SWC research in Ethiopia is fragmented and not comprehensive, mainly because of a lack of participatory research, field observations, and adoptable methods to evaluate impacts. A potentially feasible approach to expand and sustain SWC programs is to attract benefits from global carbon markets. Moreover, a dedicated institution responsible for overseeing the research–extension linkage of SWC interventions of the country should be established.
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Bista, A., T. N. Joshi, K. Biswokarma, and S. Yadav. "Agronomic and Environmental Aspects of Conservation Agriculture on Wheat Crop Production." International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 7, no. 2 (2019): 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v7i2.24637.

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Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the major vegetable crops of Nepal. Potato is grown all over the globe and consumed as either vegetable or staple food depending upon the crop production scenario. It is also an integral part of human diet. Potato is a high nutrient mining crop and needs higher fertilization for economic tuber production. Despite sufficient application of Nitrogen (N) and Phosphorus (P2O5), low replenishment and widespread potassium deficiency are limiting the potato production in Nepalese condition. Growth parameters such as plant height, leaf area and chlorophyll% was positively correlated with potassium application. Potassium alleviated stresses of frost and drought and reduced incidence of diseases like late blight, black scurf and hollow heart. Potassium also decreased the reducing sugar content and improved chips color and quality. Similarly, potassium application before harvest was found to increase storage life of potato tubers. Furthermore, potassium application significantly increased the yield of potato tubers and quality parameters such as Vitamin C content and specific gravity. Source of potassium and method of potassium application also affected growth, yield and quality parameters. Soil application of potassium in splits coupled with foliar spay was found to perform better. Optimum dose of potassium was recommended for economic tuber production&#x0D; Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 7(2): 161-166&#x0D;
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Ngwira, Amos Robert, Christian Thierfelder, and Dayton M. Lambert. "Conservation agriculture systems for Malawian smallholder farmers: long-term effects on crop productivity, profitability and soil quality." Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 28, no. 4 (2012): 350–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742170512000257.

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AbstractConservation agriculture (CA) systems are based upon minimal soil disturbance; crop residue retention and crop rotation and/or intercrop association are increasingly seen to recycle nutrients, increase yield and reduce production costs. This study examines the effects of CA practices on crop productivity, profitability and soil quality under the conditions encountered by smallholder farmers in two farming communities from 2005 to 2011 in Malawi, as part of the contribution to remedy a lack of supporting agronomic research for these relatively new systems. The drier agroenvironment of Lemu of Bazale Extension Planning Area (EPA) is characterized by sandy clay loam soils and lower rainfall. Here, CA showed positive benefits on maize yield after the first season of experimentation, with highest increases of 2.7 Mg ha−1 and 2.3 Mg ha−1 more yield in CA monocrop maize and CA maize–legume intercrop, respectively, than the conventional tillage in the driest season of 2009/10. In the high rainfall environment of Zidyana EPA (characterized by sandy loam soils), substantial maize yield benefits resulted in the fifth season of experimentation. Farmers spent at most 50 days ha−1 (US$140) producing maize under CA systems compared with 62 days ha−1(US$176) spent under conventional tillage practices. In Lemu, both CA systems resulted in gross margins three times higher than that of the conventional control plot, while in Zidyana, CA monocrop maize and CA maize–legume intercrop resulted in 33 and 23% higher gross margins, respectively, than conventional tillage. In Zidyana, the earthworm population was highest (48 earthworms m−2 in the first 30 cm) in CA monocrop maize, followed by a CA maize–legume intercropping (40 earthworms) and lowest (nine earthworms) in conventionally tilled treatment. In both study locations CA monocrop maize and CA maize–legume intercrop gave higher water infiltration than the conventional treatment. Improvements in crop productivity, overall economic gain and soil quality have made CA an attractive system for farmers in Malawi and other areas with similar conditions. However, for extensive adoption of CA by smallholder farmers, cultural beliefs that crop production is possible without the ubiquitous ridge and furrow system and residue burning for mice hunting have to be overcome.
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Lu, Y., and M. Stocking. "Integrating biophysical and socio-economic aspects of soil conservation on the Loess Plateau, China. Part II. Productivity impact and economic costs of erosion." Land Degradation & Development 11, no. 2 (2000): 141–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-145x(200003/04)11:2<141::aid-ldr373>3.0.co;2-9.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Soil conservation economic aspects malawi"

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Paul, John Mussa. "Analysis of community-based coping and adaptation strategies to climate variability and change for sustainable rural livelihoods : a case study of Kaunda Village in T/A Simlemba, Kasungu District, Malawi." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1012322.

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Rural communities in Malawi are experiencing adverse climatic hazards which are attributed to climate variability and change. The frequent events being experienced include floods, dry spells and seasonal droughts. Rural livelihoods are severely affected because of their sensitivity to these phenomena. The research has analyzed community-based coping and adaptation strategies for sustainable livelihoods among the rural poor in Kaunda village, T/A Simlemba in Kasungu district, Malawi. The research data was collected from groups of male and female participants which also included a group of traditional leaders living in the area. The study used Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) methods such as Focus Group Discussions using the associated tools of resource mapping, transect walks, timelines and livelihood ranking to collect the data. The research findings have revealed that the major climate events experienced in Kaunda village are seasonal droughts and dry spells which have significantly impacted agriculture as a major livelihood activity in Malawi. The study has also revealed the community-based coping and adaptation strategies employed by the people. Recommendations made in this study have highlighted the need to support vulnerable rural communities with resilient and secure livelihoods.
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Lussier, George Richard. "Price incentives for resource quality investments : a hedonic study of agricultural land markets in Quebec's agricultural regions 5,6,7, and 10." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23916.

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Public concern for the intergenerational transfer of natural resources has generated an interest in sustainable development and sustainable agriculture. Policy makers have a new mandate to insure the promotion of sustainable agriculture. At the same time these policy makers must also reduce public expenditures in agriculture. These two conflicting mandates can only be accomplished when private market values for various soil conservation investments are known. Once this market information is known, policy makers can formulate appropriate policies to achieve both goals.<br>The focus of this research is to measure the significant factors affecting land values in the study area. The sample farm sales data used were drawn from four of Quebec's twelve agricultural regions. Two of these regions are among Quebec's most productive. These data were used in conjunction with a Hedonic Pricing Model for the analysis.<br>This research seeks to quantify the implied price paid for land characteristics, soil conservation and capital improvement investments. The research should determine whether the studied land market provides adequate price incentives for private market implementation of soil conservation and capital improvement investments. These investments are necessary to achieve a sustainable agriculture scheme.
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O'Brien, Patricia Ann, and patricia o'brien@rmit edu au. "COncepts and costs for the maintenance of productive capacity: a study of the measurement and reporting of soil quality." RMIT University. Accounting and Law, 1999. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20040930.170346.

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This thesis studies the role accounting plays in the monitoring and reporting of soil quality in one sector of the agricultural industry, broadacre farming. A survey was conducted with broadacre farmers in the Loddon Catchment, Victoria, Australia. The primary aim was to determine the effectiveness accounting plays in providing information to decision makers relative to the productive capacity in soil quality and not just on profits. The capital asset in this study was defined as soil quality. Soils and soil quality in particular, are major elements in determining land value. The concern is decisions are being made by potential buyers and other decision makers, particularly policy makers, with regards to soil quality on the basis of incomplete and often misleading information. It is proposed that a major reason is due to the fact that different participants in the agricultural and accounting industries require and use different information. The accounting systems used by farmers are those that have been developed for the manufacturing sector which may not be appropriate for managing long-term, complex resources such as soil. The farmers themselves did not find formal accounting reports useful for decision making because these reports are based on uniform standards and market prices. The topic of soil quality and land degradation is viewed from two perspectives. In one perspective, the proprietary view; the accounting emphasis is on the ownership of assets and the change, both in income and capital, in these assets over time. In this case the accounting equation is seen as assets - liabilities = equities. The proprietor takes all the risk. A more recent perspective in accounting, the entity view, emphasises the assets whether financed from equity or debt and where the accounting equation is seen as assets = equities. The emphasis changes to the income flow from these assets and more interest is shown in current market prices as a reflection of the future value of these assets Profit is not necessarily a good indicator of what farmers are doing for their capital asset. There needs to be greater emphasis on costs undertaken for the conservation of soil. Those costs should be considered an investment and put into the balance sheet and not the profit and loss statement. The major finding of study demonstrates that decision making groups have different
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Dissart, Jean-Christophe. "The economics of erosion and sustainable practices : the case of the Saint-Esprit watershed." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0006/MQ44158.pdf.

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Nakhumwa, T. O. (Teddie Oliver). "Dynamic costs of soil degradation and determinants of adoption of soil conservation technologies by smallholder farmers in Malawi." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25032.

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This thesis aimed at measuring the economic costs of soil degradation and to determine factors that influence the incidence and extent of adoption of soil conservation technologies by smallholder farmers in Malawi. A dynamic optimisation model was used to derive and analyse the optimal conditions for soil resource extraction and use in Malawi, while a selective tobit model was used to simulate the two-step decision-making process of farmers with respect to adoption of soil conservation technologies. Soil degradation has long-term consequences and static models, which form the bulk of studies that have so far been carried out in Africa on this topic, do not account for the inter-temporal dimension of optimal resource management. To deal with this shortcoming, this thesis used an inter-temporal optimisation framework, which considers soil in a time-dependent resource extraction perspective. This thesis has demonstrated that soil degradation is causing an enormous reduction in the productive value of smallholder land in Malawi. Current user cost of soil quality based on current practices of smallholder farmers, which represents annual loss in productive value of land, was estimated to be US$21 per hectare. Based on this value and land area under smallholder agriculture in Malawi, economic costs of soil degradation among smallholder farmers were estimated to amount to 14 per cent of the agricultural GDP. If left unabated, soil degradation threatens not only the future of smallholder agriculture but also, economic growth prospects of the nation. Although not operating on the SS optimal path in terms of soil resource management, current practices show that smallholder farmers in Malawi still consider, to certain degree, the dynamic costs in soil resource use. Hence, there is no strong evidence to suggest that current trends in land degradation are due to an institution failure (i.e., smallholder farmers have private incentives to conserve their soil resource). A result that suggests presence of other factors, most likely market distortions, behind existing deviations of farmers' practices from dynamic optimum. Government's serious support of the input and output market reforms is important not only to make the markets work but also, to make smallholder agriculture a profitable enterprise. It is only when smallholder agriculture becomes profitable that farmers can seriously invest in the soil resource. Agricultural support programs such as "food for work" if extended to include soil conservation, could lead to substantial curtailment of soil erosion since farmers can invest their labour in their own gardens during the critical times of land preparation. The sensitivity analysis indicated that increasing the discount rate to' 5%, SS solutions were close to current practice solutions. This suggests that one reason smallholder farmers are exploiting the soil resource is because they have a higher time preference. The high levels of poverty, especially among the smallholder subsistence farmers in Malawi, entail that farming households are more concerned with their survival now than their future well being. The study estimated an optimal output of 1.5tonlha and nitrogen fertiliser rate of 49 kg/ha at SS. The fertiliser estimates are based on smallholder farming system that incorporates soil conservation. In one of the most detailed studies on nitrogen use efficiency in Malawi, Itimu (1997) indicated that with the incorporation of manure, nitrogen fertiliser use dropped from 60 to 30 kg/ha to produce about 2.5 tons of maize. Malawi uses area specific recommendations for fertiliser application. However, using "best bet" technologies, at least 35kgN/ha is recommended for smallholder farmers on average. The SS optimum fertiliser estimated in the current study was somehow higher due to the fact that an inter-temporal framework, which considered the dynamic costs of soil nutrient extraction, was used. Results from fertiliser recommendation trials may be reinforced if researchers consider the inter-temporal nature and dynamic costs associated with the use of soil. The selective tobit model results indicate that factors that influence smallholder farmers' decisions to adopt soil conservation technologies may not necessarily be the same factors that influence subsequent decision on levels of adoption. The implication of this finding is that different policy prescriptions on soil conservation should strictly be guided by the goals the government wants to achieve. With fertiliser prices being out of the reach of most smallholder farmers in Malawi, soil conservation is one of the reliable options available to reduce soil degradation. However, any policy aimed at improving adoption of soil conservation technologies among smallholder farmers would succeed only if the various needs of smallholder farmers at the two decision stages are properly identified and addressed.<br>Thesis (PhD (Agricultural Economics))--University of Pretoria, 2006.<br>Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development<br>unrestricted
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Yesuph, Asnake Yimam. "Prospects of sustainable land management amidst interlocking challenges in the Upper Beshillo Catchments, Northeastern Highlands of Ethiopia." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/26493.

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Land degradation is a great threat to the Beshlo Catchment in Blue Nile Basisn, not merely as an environmental issue, but also a social and economic problem. In Gedalas Watershed (one of the micro catchments of Beshelo), land degradation, mediated by both biophysical and socio-economic drivers, is among the major environmental sustainability and social-economic development threats in the area. The threat is manifested in depletion of natural vegetations, water, soil and other natural resources; disruption of ecosystem functions, processes, integrity, and services. Given its particular vulnerability, watershed management activities have been in operation since the mid-1970s. Recently, the idea of Sustainable land management through integrated watershed development program has been initiated with the objective of reducing land degradation risks and ensuring food security at both the nationwide and family circle. Despite these investments and efforts, real evidences of success and failures of such efforts were not satisfactory explored. The objectives of this study were, therefore, to analyze the existing status and future prospects of sustainable land management and evaluates its implication on the environmental integrities and the local livelihoods specific to Gedalas watershed. For this effect, the study investigated the dynamics, deriving forces and implications of LULC, soil erosion and soil fertility status of the watershed, current status of watershed management practices, pertinent challenges and opportunities for practicing land management technologies and approaches that might help meet the sustainability requirements of SLM practices. In addition, the study explored factors that determine the willingness of farming households to undertake SLM practice. As the study carried in the coupled human-environment system of rural landscapes, interdisciplinary geographical approaches which integrats social and natural science methodologies were employed to deal with issues of land degradation-and-rehabilitation status comprehensively. The general findings of the study show that though it would be dificult to measure all the composite aspects of land degradation, some of the parameters considered in this study revealed that land degradation is a perpetuating challenge in the watershed. It is evidenced from the overall undesirable land use/cover changes i.e transition of 21.25% of Afro/sub alpine landscapes, 17.59% of the grasslands and 8% of shrub lands to either to cultivated land or settlement areas over the 1973–2017 period, which have unintended negative socio-ecological repercussions on the watershed; high annual mean soil loss value (which range from 37t/ha/year average values to 393 t/ha/yr soil loss rates on water courses) that exceed threshold level and a wide gap between the need for SLM and the actual achievement of SLM practices,including limited adherence to the idea behind contemporary land management policies and implementation principles and approaches. The study further revealed the presence of opportunities as well as a myriad of challenges that need to be tackled in order to achieve sustainable land management goals. The study colcludes that, though, some encouraging progresses have been observed in the SLM project sites; land degradation has remained a problem in the watershed. This calls for strenuous efforts to promote and assist wide scale adoption of SLM practices that address the pervasive land degradation problem and achieve land degradation neutrality as highlighted in sustainable development goals.<br>Department of Geography<br>Ph. D. (Geography)
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Books on the topic "Soil conservation economic aspects malawi"

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Workshop, on Economics of Conservation (4th 1991 Lilongwe Malawi). Workshop on Economics of Conservation, Lilongwe, Malawi, 4th, 18-22 March, 1991. s.n., 1991.

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H, Reichelderfer K., and United States. Dept. of Agriculture. Economic Research Service, eds. Choices for implementing the conservation reserve. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, 1987.

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Aromolaran, A. B. Economic analysis of soil conservation practices in southwestern Nigeria. Winrock International, 1998.

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Grohs, Florian. An economic evaluation of soil conservation measures in Zvimba and Chirau Communal Lands. Dept. of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zimbabwe, 1991.

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Raitt, Daryll D. Economic impact of the conservation targeting program: Daviess and Harrison Counties, Missouri : targeting erosion control : a report from a national research project : research on targeting. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, 1986.

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Raitt, Daryll D. Economic impact of the conservation targeting program: Daviess and Harrison Counties, Missouri : targeting erosion control : a report from a national research project : research on targeting. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, 1986.

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Raitt, Daryll D. Economic impact of the conservation targeting program: Daviess and Harrison Counties, Missouri : targeting erosion control : a report from a national research project : research on targeting. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, 1986.

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Nielson, James. Targeting erosion control: Delivering technical and financial assistance : a report from a national research project. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, Agricultural Research Service, 1985.

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Graaff, J. de. Soil conservation and sustainable land use: An economic approach. Royal Tropical Institute, 1993.

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Ribaudo, Marc. Reducing soil erosion: Offsite benefits. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "Soil conservation economic aspects malawi"

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"Part 4: Social, Economic and Institutional Aspects." In Monitoring and Evaluation of Soil Conservation and Watershed Development Projects, edited by Jan de Graaff, John Cameron, Samran Sombatpanit, Christian Pieri, and Jim Woodhill. CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429187865-23.

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Hussaini Jagaba, Ahmad, Shamsul Rahman Mohamed Kutty, Gasim Hayder Ahmed Salih, et al. "Palm Oil Clinker as a Waste by-Product: Utilization and Circular Economy Potential." In Elaeis guineensis [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97312.

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Conservation of natural resources to create ecological balance could be significantly improved by substituting them with waste by-products. Palm oil industry operations increases annually, thereby generating huge quantity of waste to be dumped into the landfill. Palm oil clinker (POC) is a solid waste by-product produced in one of the oil palm processing phases. This chapter is designed to highlight the generation, disposal problems, properties and composition of POC. The waste to resource potentials of POC would be greatly discussed in the chapter starting with the application of POC in conventional and geopolymer structural elements such as beams, slabs, columns made of either concrete, mortar or paste for coarse aggregates, sand and cement replacement. Aspects such as performance of POC in wastewater treatment processes, fine aggregate and cement replacement in asphaltic and bituminous mixtures during highway construction, a bio-filler in coatings for steel manufacturing processes and a catalyst during energy generation would also be discussed. Circular economy potentials, risk assessment and leaching behavior during POC utilization would be evaluated. The chapter also discusses the effectiveness of POC in soil stabilization and the effect of POC pretreatment for performance enhancement. Towards an efficient utilization, it is important to carry out technical and economic studies, as well as life cycle assessments, in order to compare all the POC areas of application described in the present review article. POC powder has proven to be pozzolanic with maximum values of 17, 53.7, 0.92, 3.87, 1.46, for CaO, SiO2, SO3, Fe2O3 and Al2O3. Therefore, the present chapter would inspire researchers to find research gaps that will aid the sustainable use of agroindustry wastes. The fundamental knowledge contained in the chapter could also serve as a wake-up call for researchers that will motivate them to explore the high potential of utilizing POC for greater environmental benefits associated with less cost when compared with conventional materials.
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