Journal articles: 'Soil conservation – Research – Jamaica'

1

Blustain, Harvey. "The Political Context of Soil Conservation Programs in Jamaica." Human Organization 44, no. 2 (June 1985): 124–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/humo.44.2.nj832488h30425pp.

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Grunder, Martin. "Soil Conservation Research in Ethiopia." Mountain Research and Development 8, no. 2/3 (May 1988): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3673441.

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Lashley, Beverley, Nicholas Graham, and Nicole Prawl. "Coping with Covid-19: The case of the National Library of Jamaica." Alexandria: The Journal of National and International Library and Information Issues 30, no. 2-3 (August 2020): 135–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0955749020984937.

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While Asian and European countries were grappling with the Covid-19 pandemic, the first imported case from the United Kingdom surfaced in Jamaica on 10 March 2020. The article will trace the steps taken by the National Library of Jamaica (NLJ) before and during the pandemic while improving the value of our cultural heritage to Jamaica and the wider diaspora. The NLJ celebrated 40 years of sterling contribution to the development of Jamaica from March 1979 to April 2020. It has been a leading voice in the region in disaster management and preparedness. Through its Preservation and Conservation Branch, and oversight from the Disaster Preparedness Committee, the NLJ has become a training ground for professionals in the information and conservation field. While highlighting the work of the NLJ, the article will also present statements and surveys conducted on regional and international bodies. These organisations include the Association of Caribbean University, Research and Institutional Libraries (ACURIL), the Community of Directors of National Libraries (a subgroup of the International Federation of Library Associations (IFLA) and the Society of American Archivists. The surveys conducted gleaned a greater appreciation of the impact of Covid-19 on libraries and archives regionally and internationally. The article will address other pandemic crises that have affected Jamaica. It will also demonstrate that being proactive and prepared for viral episodes can mitigate the risks. The NLJ used the opportunity to facilitate service delivery while being socially distant from its patrons.

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Tolchel'nikov, Yu S., V. A. Kharitonov, and V. V. Gorbachev. "REMOTE SENSING METHODS IN SOIL CONSERVATION AND RECLAMATION RESEARCH." Mapping Sciences and Remote Sensing 28, no. 2 (April 1991): 148–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07493878.1991.10641858.

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Haregeweyn, Nigussie, Atsushi Tsunekawa, Jan Nyssen, Jean Poesen, Mitsuru Tsubo, Derege Tsegaye Meshesha, Brigitta Schütt, Enyew Adgo, and Firew Tegegne. "Soil erosion and conservation in Ethiopia." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 39, no. 6 (September 7, 2015): 750–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309133315598725.

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This paper reviews Ethiopia’s experience and research progress in past soil and water conservation (SWC) efforts and suggests possible solutions for improvement. Although indigenous SWC techniques date back to 400 BC, institutionalized SWC activity in Ethiopia became significant only after the 1970s. At least six national SWC-related programs have been initiated since the 1970s and their focus over time has shifted from food relief to land conservation and then to livelihoods. The overall current soil erosion rates are highly variable and large by international standards, and sheet, rill, and gully erosion are the dominant processes. The influence of human activities on the landscape has traditionally been deleterious, but this trend seems to have recently reversed in some parts of the country following the engagement of the communities in land management. The efficiency of SWC measures show mixed results that are influenced by the type of measures and the agro-ecology under which they were implemented; in general, the relative performance of the interventions is better in the drylands as compared with humid areas. Methodological limitations also occur when addressing the economic aspects related to benefits of ecosystem services and other externalities. Although farmers have shown an increased understanding of the soil erosion problem, SWC efforts face a host of barriers related to limited access to capital, limited benefits, land tenure insecurity, limited technology choices and technical support, and poor community participation. In general SWC research in Ethiopia is fragmented and not comprehensive, mainly because of a lack of participatory research, field observations, and adoptable methods to evaluate impacts. A potentially feasible approach to expand and sustain SWC programs is to attract benefits from global carbon markets. Moreover, a dedicated institution responsible for overseeing the research–extension linkage of SWC interventions of the country should be established.

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Morgan, R. P. C. "Soil Erosion Measurement and Soil Conservation Research in Cultivated Areas of the UK." Geographical Journal 151, no. 1 (March 1985): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/633274.

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Manivannan, S., V. Kasthuri Thilagam, and O. P. S. Khola. "Soil and water conservation in India: Strategies and research challenges." Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 16, no. 4 (2017): 312. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2455-7145.2017.00046.7.

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J. E. Gilley and D. C. Flanagan. "Early Investment in Soil Conservation Research Continues to Provide Dividends." Transactions of the ASABE 50, no. 5 (2007): 1595–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.23954.

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Sun, Yan, Junbo Xiao, Yiyuan Zhang, Wenhao Lai, Min Wei, and Junming Wang. "Research Progress on Soil Erosion and Socioeconomic Correlation." E3S Web of Conferences 145 (2020): 02031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202014502031.

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Soil erosion and socio-economic interacts with each other. Soil and water loss destroys land resources, causes non-point source pollution, affects the recycling and utilization of water resources, worsens the water environment, and even causes natural disasters such as collapse, landslides, and debris flows. Soil erosion affects regional socio-economic development. On the one hand, economic and social development has caused a sharp increase in people’s demand for the development and utilization of natural resources, which has increased the occurrence of soil and water loss; on the other hand, economic and social development has promoted people’s understanding of soil erosion and soil and water conservation, enabling people to consciously change their production and lifestyle, and having sufficient funds to invest in soil and water conservation and reduce soil erosion.

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Di Prima, Simone, Mirko Castellini, Mario Pirastru, and Saskia Keesstra. "Soil Water Conservation: Dynamics and Impact." Water 10, no. 7 (July 18, 2018): 952. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10070952.

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Human needs like food and clean water are directly related to good maintenance of healthy and productive soils. A good understanding of human impact on the natural environment is therefore necessary to preserve and manage soil and water resources. This knowledge is particularly important in semi-arid and arid regions, where the increasing demands on limited water supplies require urgent efforts to improve water quality and water use efficiency. It is important to keep in mind that both soil and water are limited resources. Thus, wise use of these natural resources is a fundamental prerequisite for the sustainability of human societies. This Special Issue collects 15 original contributions addressing the state of the art of soil and water conservation research. Contributions cover a wide range of topics, including (1) recovery of soil hydraulic properties; (2) erosion risk; (3) novel modeling, monitoring and experimental approaches for soil hydraulic characterization; (4) improvement of crop yields; (5) water availability; and (6) soil salinity. The collection of manuscripts presented in this Special Issue provides more insights into conservation strategies for effective and sustainable soil and water management.

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Sun, Yan, Yiyuan Zhang, Sigao Li, Nan Zhang, and Junming Wang. "Research Progress on Soil and Water Loss and Soil and Water Conservation in Karst Areas." E3S Web of Conferences 145 (2020): 02030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202014502030.

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Based on the research of soil erosion and soil and water conservation in karst areas in China in recent years, the status and progress of soil erosion and soil and water conservation in karst areas in China are discussed. The results show that the soil and water loss in the karst area mainly has two types of soil erosion: surface soil erosion and underground soil erosion. Soil and water loss management in karst areas mainly adopts measures to adjust land use structure, increase vegetation coverage, carry out slope-to-ladder construction, and promote clean energy applications. Different governance models should be adopted for different landform types, different landform parts, different slopes, and different levels of rocky desertification in karst areas.

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Curran, Michael P., Douglas G. Maynard, Ronald L. Heninger, Thomas A. Terry, Steven W. Howes, Douglas M. Stone, Thomas Niemann, Richard E. Miller, and Robert F. Powers. "An adaptive management process for forest soil conservation." Forestry Chronicle 81, no. 5 (September 1, 2005): 717–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc81717-5.

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Soil disturbance guidelines should be based on comparable disturbance categories adapted to specific local soil conditions, validated by monitoring and research. Guidelines, standards, and practices should be continually improved based on an adaptive management process, which is presented in this paper. Core components of this process include: reliable monitoring protocols for assessing and comparing soil disturbance for operations, certification and sustainability protocols; effective methods to predict the vulnerability of specific soils to disturbance and related mitigative measures; and, quantitative research to build a database that documents the practical consequences of soil disturbance for tree growth and soil functions. Key words: soil disturbance; soil compaction; rutting; monitoring (implementation, effectiveness, and validation); criteria and indicators; Montreal Process

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Zhang, Hong Yuan. "Research on Preparation of Soil and Water Conservation in Civil Engineering." Applied Mechanics and Materials 685 (October 2014): 417–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.685.417.

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With the development of economic society and urbanization, there are more park projects in large and medium cities, and the preparation of soil and water conservation plan for thus construction should be mainly considered from equilibrium of earth-rock, flood control and drainage, temporary protection and greening consider, only this can we effectively control and reduce soil erosion of the park project.

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Dalton, Timothy J., Nina K. Lilja, Nancy Johnson, and Reinhardt Howeler. "Farmer Participatory Research and Soil Conservation in Southeast Asian Cassava Systems." World Development 39, no. 12 (December 2011): 2176–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2011.05.011.

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15

Cole-Crosby, Iris, Patrick Igbokwe, Jesse Harness, and Lois Ascough. "SWEET POTATO AS A CROP FOR SOIL CONSERVATION." HortScience 27, no. 11 (November 1992): 1170h—1170. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.11.1170h.

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Most of the research on soil erosion has been done on traditional crops such as cotton, field corn and soybean and not vegetables. The USDA-ARS United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service had developed a process based erosion prediction program called Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP). Alcorn is providing data for the validation of this model for selected fruits and vegetables. WEPP was run for sweet potatoe and cotton using a 10 year simulation. Some input parameters were row width tillage sequences and depths, rainfall, temperature canopy width, canopy cover, vegetative dry matter and leaf area index. The results from WEPP is given as soil loss for 50M at increments of .5M. There was a significant difference in the amount of soil lost from sweet potato when grown as a single crop as compared with cotton.

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Mugandani, Raymond, Liboster Mwadzingeni, and Paramu Mafongoya. "Contribution of Conservation Agriculture to Soil Security." Sustainability 13, no. 17 (September 2, 2021): 9857. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13179857.

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Soil securitization is increasingly becoming a quintessential currency for attaining sustainable development given the mounting global concerns of land degradation, loss of biological diversity and associated ecosystem services, climate change, food insecurity, and water stress. A well-functioning soil is a panacea to address these global concerns. This paper describes the contribution of conservation agriculture (CA) to biological diversity protection, climate change adaptation and mitigation, ecosystem service delivery, food security, and water security as a potential entry point for soil securitization. Using a review of literature, we share some insights into the contribution of CA to the soil security discourse. In our review, we also make key recommendations for good practices under each soil security pillar. Thus, we conclude that empirical research is required to deepen our understanding of the benefits of CA in soil security, especially in developing countries.

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Sojka, R. E., D. L. Karlen, and W. J. Busscher. "A conservation tillage research update from the Coastal plain soil and water conservation research center of South Carolina: A review of previous research." Soil and Tillage Research 21, no. 3-4 (November 1991): 361–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-1987(91)90031-r.

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Sun, Wei Qi, Zhi Ming Liu, and Teng Jiao Liu. "The Research on the K-Factor of Soil Erodibility in Northeast Black Soil Region." Applied Mechanics and Materials 170-173 (May 2012): 1056–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.170-173.1056.

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This article takes soil erodibility factor as the research object, compared with the existing calculation formula. And it takes Yian (in Heilongjiang Province) as an example, quantitatively calculating the specific values of the black soil erodibility factor in northeast district, in order to provide basic data and scientific basis of the black soil for the purpose of conservation and sustainable development of soil and water in northeast district.

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Chimsah, Francis Azumah, Liqun Cai, Jun Wu, and Renzhi Zhang. "Outcomes of Long-Term Conservation Tillage Research in Northern China." Sustainability 12, no. 3 (February 3, 2020): 1062. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12031062.

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Sustainable food production has long been a priority for mankind and this is being challenged by limited arable land, challenged landscapes, and higher human population growth. China started conservation farming around the 1950’s. However, main Conservation Tillage (CT) research started in 1992. Using a systematic meta-analysis approach, this review aims at examining China’s approach to CT and to characterize the main outcomes of long-term CT research across northern China. Data from organizations in charge of CT research in China showed an improvement in crop yield of at least 4% under double cropping systems and 6% under single cropping systems in dry areas of northern China. Furthermore, long-term CT practices were reported to have improved soil physical properties (soil structure, bulk density, pore size, and aggregate stability), soil nutrient levels, and reduction in greenhouse gas emission. Other benefits include significant increase in income levels and protection of the environment. Limitations to CT practice highlighted in this study include occasional reduction in crop yields during initial years of cropping, significant reduction in total N of soils, increase in N2O emission, and the need for customized machinery for its implementation. Outcomes of CT practice are ecologically and economically beneficial though its limitations are worth cogitating.

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SentíS, Ildefonso Pla. "Critical analysis of present research and education on soil and water conservation." Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 19, no. 1 (2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2455-7145.2020.00001.6.

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Zhang, Lichao, LI Jun, and GE Peilin. "Discussion on Plants of Soil and Water Conservation Research in Jiangxi Province." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 565 (October 1, 2020): 012018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/565/1/012018.

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Swanepoel, Corrie M., Lourens H. Swanepoel, and Hendrik J. Smith. "A review of conservation agriculture research in South Africa." South African Journal of Plant and Soil 35, no. 4 (December 20, 2017): 297–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02571862.2017.1390615.

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23

Jett, Lewis W., and Timothy P. Talbot. "Conservation Tillage of Sweetpotato." HortScience 32, no. 4 (July 1997): 605F—606. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.4.605f.

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A cultural practice that can modify and conserve the soil environment is needed in sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] production. The objective of this research was to evaluate conventional and conservation tillage of sweetpotato with four cover crop species (fallow, ryegrass, rye, and wheat). The cover crops were seeded in late Oct. 1995, and the sweetpotato transplants (`Beauregard') were transplanted at two dates the following spring (May and June). Conservation tillage significantly lowered soil temperature (10 cm depth) during storage root initiation and development. Moreover, each cover crop significantly reduced weed emergence and soil erosion. The ryegrass conservation tillage treatment significantly increased marketable yield of sweetpotato in the first planting date, while rye and wheat performed equally well in the second planting date. In the second planting date, white grub (Phyllophaga ephilida Say) injury to storage roots was significantly higher in the conservation tillage treatments. However, conservation tillage seems to be a viable alternative to the conventional method of sweetpotato production.

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Yang, W. "Developing open access in conservation research." Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 66, no. 1 (December 24, 2010): 6A—8A. http://dx.doi.org/10.2489/jswc.66.1.6a.

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Huang, Xiaohui, Qian Lu, and Fei Yang. "The effects of farmers’ adoption behavior of soil and water conservation measures on agricultural output." International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management 12, no. 5 (October 1, 2020): 599–615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijccsm-02-2020-0014.

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Purpose This paper aims to build a theoretical model of the impact of farmers’ adoption behavior of soil and water conservation measures on the agricultural output to analyze the impact of farmers’ adoption behavior of soil and water conservation measures on agricultural output. Design/methodology/approach Based on the field survey data of 808 farmers households in three provinces (regions) of the Loess Plateau, this paper using the endogenous switching regression model to analyze the effect of farmers’ adoption behavior of soil and water conservation measures on agricultural output. Findings Soil erosion has a significant negative impact on agricultural output, and soil erosion has a significant positive impact on farmers’ adoption of soil and water conservation measures. Farmers adopt soil and water conservation measures such as engineering measures, biological measures and tillage measures to cope with soil erosion, which can increase agricultural output. Based on the counterfactual hypothesis, if farmers who adopt soil and water conservation measures do not adopt the corresponding soil and water conservation measures, their average output per ha output will decrease by 2.01%. Then, if farmers who do not adopt soil and water conservation measures adopt the corresponding soil and water conservation measures, their average output per ha output will increase by 12.12%. Government support and cultivated land area have a significant positive impact on farmers’ adoption behavior of soil and water conservation measures. Research limitations/implications The research limitation is the lack of panel data. Practical implications Soil erosion has a significant negative impact on agricultural output, and soil erosion has a significant positive impact on farmers’ adoption of soil and water conservation measures. Farmers adopt soil and water conservation measures such as engineering measures, biological measures and tillage measures to cope with soil erosion, which can increase agricultural output. Social implications The conclusion provides a reliable empirical basis for the government to formulate and implement relevant policies. Originality/value The contributions of this paper are as follows: the adoption behavior of soil and water conservation measures and agricultural output are included into the same analytical framework for empirical analysis, revealing the influencing factors of farmers’ adoption behavior of soil and water conservation measures and their output effects, enriching existing research. Using endogenous switching regression model and introducing instrumental variables to overcome the endogenous problem between the adoption behavior of soil and water conservation measures and agricultural output, and to analyze the influencing factors of farmers’ adoption behavior of soil and water conservation measures and its impact on agricultural output. Using the counter-factual idea to ensure that the two matched individuals have the same or similar attributes, to evaluate the average treatment effect of the behavior of soil and water conservation measures, to estimate the real impact of adaptation measures on agricultural output as accurately as possible and to avoid misleading policy recommendations.

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Van Doren, D. M. "Highlights of Research in Division S-6-Soil and Water Management and Conservation." Soil Science Society of America Journal 50, no. 2 (March 1986): 271–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1986.03615995005000020001x.

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Morgan, R. P. C., J. N. Quinton, and R. J. Rickson. "Modelling Methodology for Soil Erosion Assessment and Soil Conservation Design: The EUROSEM Approach." Outlook on Agriculture 23, no. 1 (March 1994): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003072709402300103.

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Increasing concern about the effects of agriculture on the environment has drawn attention to the inadequate scientific base on which many policy decisions are made. Decisions on how soil should best be protected from erosion demand knowledge of the risk of erosion and of the relative effectiveness of different conservation measures. Process-based erosion models are designed to provide this information. This paper outlines one such model, the European Soil Erosion Model (EUROSEM), which is being developed jointly by scientists from ten European countries. The model incorporates some of the best process-based erosion research being carried out in Europe and, compared with other similar models, contains novel features in the way rill–interrill interactions and the role of vegetation are described. Tests of the model in the UK show that it performs rationally and gives reasonable predictions of storm soil loss and runoff. Some examples of how the model might be used to evaluate conservation measures are provided.

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Hopkins, D. W. "Relevance of soil biology and fertility research to archaeological preservation by reburial." Conservation and Management of Archaeological Sites 6, no. 3-4 (January 2004): 167–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/135050304793137856.

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Negi, G. C. S. "The need for micro-scale and meso-scale hydrological research in the Himalayan mountains." Environmental Conservation 28, no. 2 (June 2001): 95–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892901000091.

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Mountains are fragile ecosystems and globally important as water towers of the earth. Sustainable use of mountains depends upon conservation and optimal use of soil and water resources (Ives & Messerli 1989). Despite regional and global efforts to understand the hydrology of the Himalayan region, soil and water conservation (SWC) programmes in this region mainly rely upon engineering measures. For want of cost-effective vegetative (bioengineering) measures (Deoja et al. 1991), and land use and land cover conducive to SWC, the fragile Himalayan watersheds continue to lose soil and water at alarming rates.

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Liu, Jiajia, Yunpeng Zhao, Xingfeng Si, Gang Feng, Ferry Slik, and Jian Zhang. "University campuses as valuable resources for urban biodiversity research and conservation." Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 64 (September 2021): 127255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2021.127255.

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Bratucu, Gheorghe, and Catalin Paunescu. "RESEARCH ON SOIL PROPERTIES CONSERVATION DURING THE PREPARATION OF GERMINATION BEDS IN GREENHOUSES." Environmental Engineering and Management Journal 9, no. 12 (2010): 1693–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.30638/eemj.2010.233.

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Staddon, W. J., L. C. Duchesne, and J. T. Trevors. "Conservation of forest soil microbial diversity: the impact of fire and research needs." Environmental Reviews 4, no. 4 (April 1, 1996): 267–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/a96-014.

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While increasing attention has been given to issues surrounding biodiversity in recent years, little is known about the diversity of forest soil microorganisms. This is a serious gap in knowledge given the significant roles played by microorganisms in ecosystem functioning. This paper addresses issues surrounding conservation of microbial diversity in forest soils with an emphasis on the impact of fire. Recently developed techniques such as phospholipid fatty acid profiling, DNA reassociation, and carbon substrate utilization will also be reviewed for their applicability to biodiversity research. Future research needs are also discussed.Key words: biodiversity, conservation, forest soils, fire, microbial diversity.

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朱, 翊. "Research on Data Management System of Soil and Water Conservation Monitoring in Watershed." Computer Science and Application 06, no. 06 (2016): 376–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/csa.2016.66046.

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Min, Zhihua. "Research on the Benefits of Conservation of Soil and Water and Sediment Reduction." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 450 (March 24, 2020): 012119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/450/1/012119.

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Liu, Sinuo, Yin Lei, Jinsong Zhao, Shuxia Yu, and Ling Wang. "Research on ecosystem services of water conservation and soil retention: a bibliometric analysis." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 28, no. 3 (September 8, 2020): 2995–3007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10712-4.

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Ailincăi, C., G. Jităreanu, D. Bucur, and Despina Ailincăi. "Soil Erosion and Conservation Measures in Moldavian Plateau." Cercetari agronomice in Moldova 45, no. 4 (December 1, 2012): 29–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10298-012-0062-1.

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Abstract The long-term experiments carried out at the Agricultural Research Station of Podu-Iloaiei, Iaşi County, Romania, tried to establish some fertilization systems for getting efficient yield increases, which maintain or increase the content of organic carbon from soil. These trials were set up on a 16% slope field, with a cambic Chernozem soil, which has a clayey-loam texture, a neuter to weakly acid response and a mean supply in nutrients. Analyzes performed on soil profiles after 44 years, on land with a slope of 16% and slope length of 310 m, shows that the entire length of slope soil fertility were very different, being influenced by processes of erosion and silting. Soil organic carbon, the depth of 0-20 cm, was between 45.94 t / ha, the foot slope and 27.45 t / ha in the mid-slope area with strong erosion. From the results obtained on erosion in different crop rotations, we have found out that in 16% slope fields from the Moldavian Plateau, soil losses by erosion were diminished below the allowable limit of 3-4 t/ha/year only in case of 4 year-crop rotations with two reserve fields, cultivated with legumes and perennial grasses, which protect soil. Annual soil losses by erosion, registered during the last 30 years, in the Moldavian Plateau, were between 0.246 t/ha in perennial grasses, on the second year of vegetation, and 8.976 t/ha in sunflower. The fertilization of wheat and maize crops at the rate of N80P80 + 60 t/ha manure has determined the increase with 5.5 t/ha (7.8%) in the content of organic carbon from soil, as compared to the rate of N140P100.

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Yasmin, M., M. A. Rahman, F. S. Shikha, M. S. Rahman, J. Rahman, and M. M. H. Tipu. "EFFECT OF MULCH ON SOIL TEMPERATURE, SOIL MOISTURE CONSERVATION AND YIELD OF CHILLI." Journal CleanWAS 4, no. 1 (September 10, 2020): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/jcleanwas.01.2020.36.39.

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The experiment was conducted at Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), Jamalpur, Bangladesh during the period of 2017-18 and 2018-19 with the objectives to evaluate the effect of different mulch on soil temperature, soil moisture conservation and yield attributes of chilli. There were five treatments comprising T1: no mulch, T2: rice straw mulch @ 5 t ha-1, T3: water hyacinth mulch @ 5 t ha-1, T4: black polyethylene mulch and T5: white polyethylene mulch. The results revealed that, all the mulch treatment had higher soil temperature and soil moisture content at 5 cm and 10 cm depth compared to no mulch treatment. Soil temperature was highest in black polyethylene mulch, it increased average soil temperature by about 5.7 oC at 5 cm depth and 5.1 oC at 10 cm depth compared to no mulch treatment at 120 Days. Rice straw mulch treatment recorded highest soil moisture, it increased average soil moisture about 27.87 % at 5 cm depth and 28.57% at 10 cm depth over no mulch treatment. Rice straw mulch treatment produced highest green chilli yield (8.81 t ha-1) which was 26.94 % increased over no mulch treatment (6.94 t ha-1).Considering economic analysis, highest gross return (Tk 352400 ha-1), gross margin (Tk 235400 ha-1) and BCR (3.01) was obtained from same treatment T2 i.e., rice straw mulch treatment.

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Mao, Jun Hua, Fang Qing Chen, and Jin Xia Zhang. "Discussion on the Mechanism Research of Pioneer Plant Roots in Riverbank Soil Conservation and Slope Stabilization in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area." Applied Mechanics and Materials 295-298 (February 2013): 2143–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.295-298.2143.

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The change of fluctuating rhythm of water level resulted from the construction of the Three Gorges Hydropower Project impacts the composition and structure of riverbank plant communities and plant growth in the reservoir area, which further affects the effects of plant root systems on soil conservation and slope stabilization. The changing trends of riverside ecological environment and vegetation in the reservoir area were analyzed in this paper, so was the study of mechanism on plant root systems in soil conservation and slope stabilization. Some suggestions were put forward finally for the mechanism research of pioneer plant roots in riverbank soil conservation and slope stabilization. It was suggested that the effects and mechanism of plant roots in soil conservation and slope stabilization in the Three Gorges reservoir area could be evaluated and uncovered by studying the temporal and spatial dynamics of root tensile strength, erosion resistance, shear resistance, soil physical and chemical properties, and their relationship with dynamics of the pioneer plant root structure responding to environmental changes induced by the construction of the hydropower project. The study also should include field investigation and simulated experiments in laboratory. The field investigation could reveal the changes of temporal and spatial dynamics of pioneer plant roots’ tensile strength, erosion resistance, shear resistance, and soil physical properties. The simulated experiments could evaluate quantitatively the relationship between plant root structure and their effects on soil conservation and slope stabilization.

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Skaggs, Rhonda, and Soumen Ghosh. "Assessing Changes in Soil Erosion Rates: A Markov Chain Analysis." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 31, no. 3 (December 1999): 611–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800008877.

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AbstractMarkov chain analysis (one-step and long-run) is applied to the National Resources Inventory (NRI) database to evaluate changes in wind-based soil erosion rates over time. The research compares changes in soil erosion rates between NRI sample sites with and without applied conservation practices for a random sample of Great Plains counties. No significant differences between sites are found for half of the counties evaluated. The effectiveness and efficiency of conservation policies are thus questioned in light of these research results.

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Wang, Danyang, Zhongwu Li, Guangming Zeng, Xiaodong Nie, and Chun Liu. "Evaluation of Regionalization of Soil and Water Conservation in China." Sustainability 10, no. 9 (September 17, 2018): 3320. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10093320.

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This paper evaluates the regionalization of soil and water conservation in China, decades after its widespread implementation across the country. The authors mainly address two questions. First, to what extent could achievements in soil erosion and water management be attributed to regionalization? Statistics and cases show that enhancement of research on soil erosion and ecology, popularization of technologies and mathematical methods and more complete databases are the main improvements to theoretical research; the distribution of region-specific measures and monitoring sites and the development of a responsibility system are the main impacts on practice. Second, is there any weakness to regionalization? Econometric and management methods are currently not well integrated into the process of regionalization; indicators used for division lack standardization, thus weakening the accuracy of regionalization; also, there are limits to its implementation. Using scenario analysis, the authors discuss the possibility of involving economics and management science in the process of regionalization and the approach to combine qualitative analysis with quantitative analysis, while also arguing the importance of establishing an effective cooperation mechanism between different government departments and between government and actors. For government, the evaluation could be helpful to recognize the success, strengths and weaknesses of regionalization of soil and water in China and hence to take further steps to formulate region-specific policies dealing with complex environmental and economic problems in different regions.

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Zhu, Lian Qi, and Wen Bo Zhu. "Research on Effects of Land Use/Cover Change on Soil Erosion." Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (January 2012): 1038–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.1038.

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This paper studied the impacts of land use/cover change on soil erosion in Fujian mountainous areas on the basis of analysis on long period inspection and experimental materials in Jianou Niu Kenglong Experimental Station and the Provincial Soil and Water Conservation Station, researched soil erosion mechanism of mountain grassland ecosystem, and different soil erosion modulus under different land use and land cover types. Through analysis, we have got the results that the coefficient of runoff has minus linear relation with grassland coverage, and the modulus of soil erosion has index relation with grassland coverage.

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Nyamekye, Clement, Michael Thiel, Sarah Schönbrodt-Stitt, Benewinde Zoungrana, and Leonard Amekudzi. "Soil and Water Conservation in Burkina Faso, West Africa." Sustainability 10, no. 9 (September 6, 2018): 3182. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10093182.

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Inadequate land management and agricultural activities have largely resulted in land degradation in Burkina Faso. The nationwide governmental and institutional driven implementation and adoption of soil and water conservation measures (SWCM) since the early 1960s, however, is expected to successively slow down the degradation process and to increase the agricultural output. Even though relevant measures have been taken, only a few studies have been conducted to quantify their effect, for instance, on soil erosion and environmental restoration. In addition, a comprehensive summary of initiatives, implementation strategies, and eventually region-specific requirements for adopting different SWCM is missing. The present study therefore aims to review the different SWCM in Burkina Faso and implementation programs, as well as to provide information on their effects on environmental restoration and agricultural productivity. This was achieved by considering over 143 studies focusing on Burkina Faso’s experience and research progress in areas of SWCM and soil erosion. SWCM in Burkina Faso have largely resulted in an increase in agricultural productivity and improvement in food security. Finally, this study aims at supporting the country’s informed decision-making for extending already existing SWCM and for deriving further implementation strategies.

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Kravchenko, Yu. "Ukrainian Chernozem Fertility Reproduction under Soil Conservation Agriculture." Agrobìologìâ, no. 1(157) (May 25, 2020): 67–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-9270-2020-157-1-67-79.

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In Ukraine 57.5 % of agricultural land is subjected to erosion with 10–24 million tons of humus, 0.3–0.96 million tons of nitrogen, 0.7–0.9 million tons of phosphorus and 6–12 million tons of potassium lost annually. Degradation processes are also common on chernozems, which cover about 60 % of the Ukrainian territory. The aim of the research is to defi ne the most eff ective soil conservation practices and legislative decisions aimed to conservation/recovering the Ukrainian chernozem fertility. The experimental data of the agrochemical certifi cation of Ukrainian lands, data from scientifi c papers, stock and instructional materials as well as our own fi eld and laboratory studies were used. It has been established that the long-term use of deep subsurface tillage on typical chernozem increases, compared with plowing, the content of 10–0.25 mm of air-dry and water-resistant aggregates, the bulk density, soil water storages, water infi ltration rates, the content of mobile phosphorus and exchangeable potassium, pHH2O, CaCO3 stocks, the contents of humic and fulvic acids, molecular weights of humic acids – by 5.5 and 3.06 %; 0.05 g/cm3; 25.5 mm; 22.6 mm/h; 0.1 and 3 mg/100 g of soil; 0.03 pHH2O; 18 t/ha, 0.02 and 0.04 %, 91195 kDa, respectively. Fertilizers may contribute to the crop yields increase from by 60% in the Polissya, by 40 % – in the Forest Steppe, by 15 % – in the Wet Steppe, by 10 % – in the Dry Steppe and by 40 % – in the Irrigated Steppe areas. In soil-conservation rotations, the crop placement and alternation are advisable to combine with strips or hills sowing, taking into account the local relief features; soil alkalinization, applying anti-erosion structures. Ukrainian agriculture will receive additional 10–12 million tons of forage units or 20–22 % from all fodder in a fi eld agriculture under increasing 8–10 % of arable lands for intercrops. It is advisable to mulch the eroded chernozems of Ukraine depending on their texture composition: 1.3 t/ha of mulch for sandy and loamy soils, 1.9 t/ha – for sandy and 1.1 t/ha – for loamy soils. The implementation of soil conservation agriculture can minimize some soil degradation processes and improve eff ective soil properties required to realize the biological potential of cultivated plants. Key words: chernozem, degradation, fertility, soil conservation technologies, agriculture policy.

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Laker, M. C. "Advances in soil erosion, soil conservation, land suitability evaluation and land use planning research in South Africa, 1978–2003." South African Journal of Plant and Soil 21, no. 5 (January 2004): 345–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02571862.2004.10635069.

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Jian, Gu, Yin Guanghua, Ma Ningning, Sun Zhan-xiang, Li Xue, Wang Shijie, and Zhou Xiaole. "Microscopic mechanisms of soil moisture related to hydromulching." Journal of Water and Climate Change 9, no. 2 (April 9, 2018): 275–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2018.058.

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Abstract Hydromulching is a new mulch product which has positive effects on soil moisture conservation and the inhibition of evaporation. However, current research on its soil moisture conservation effect has mainly adopted the field fixed-point observation method, rather than revealing the soil moisture conservation mechanism from the microstructure of the hydromulching. This paper applied spectrum analysis technology to observe the structure and micromorphological features of hydromulching, which will be able to reveal the mechanism of soil moisture conservation. Three types of hydromulching, based on laboratory preparation, were used to analyze the mechanism of soil moisture, using the infrared spectrometer (FTIR) and environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM). The results showed that −OH generates intermolecular hydrogen bonds between carboxymethylcellulose sodium (CMC) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA); the hydrogen bonds were formatted between the molecules of the two components, strengthening their compatibility, which increased the effectiveness of the hydromulching and created a dense mesh structure. ESEM observation results showed that preparation 1's hydromulching coverage had good effects, while preparations 2 and 3 performed poorly. Therefore, we can conclude that hydromulching effectively cements soil particles. Then it can generate the soil membrane structure to reduce evaporation and improve soil moisture conservation function.

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Salvia, Rosanna, Rosaria Simone, Luca Salvati, and Giovanni Quaranta. "Soil Conservation Practices and Stakeholder’s Participation in Research Projects—Empirical Evidence from Southern Italy." Agriculture 8, no. 6 (June 14, 2018): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture8060085.

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Shen, Zhenzhou, Wenyi Yao, Peiqing Xiao, Yan Wu, Jingru Song, Jie Liu, Mingxin Liu, et al. "Research Progress of Soil and Water Conservation in Pisha Stone Area of Yellow River." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1637 (September 2020): 012085. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1637/1/012085.

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Sharratt, Brenton, Mingchu Zhang, and Stephen Sparrow. "Twenty years of conservation tillage research in subarctic Alaska." Soil and Tillage Research 91, no. 1-2 (December 2006): 82–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2006.01.010.

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S, Saikhantsetseg, Baatartsol B, and Nambar L. "Weed study of mulched field in soil conservation technology." Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 26, no. 01 (April 30, 2019): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjas.v26i01.1204.

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Global climate change has been increasing year by year, and this change has become more intense in our country. According to a study published by the Institute of Meteorology, Hydrology and Environmental Research, the temperature has risen by 1.56 degrees over the last 60 years, with the change expected to rise by 1.99 degrees by 2020 and by 3.13 degrees by 2050. Mongolia has an extreme continental climate, and its’ plant cover is loose, soil humus layer is thinner, has mainly light mechanically compounded soil, low precipitation in winter, dryness in spring. On the other hand, using a short rotation of grain fallow has created agro-ecological conditions such as vulnerable and a poorly-recovered environment. Under this situation, crop technologies need to be adapted to mitigate these negative consequences of the climate. Creating a large amount of plant covering will protect the soil from direct sunlight and its consequences. The final result of our research work is focused on identifying the changes of soil moisture regime of the covered area furthermore, the positive and negative impacts on the soil, decrease of weeds. As a result of covering the soil surface with straw, temperature reduced by 2 degrees during the planting season, weeds grew 3.4 times less, the moisture of soil increased by 5.5 mm and plantlet of wheat seeds increased by 6.2 percent respectively. As an average of study years weed quantity at mulched variants was less by 14 pc/m2 and less weight 7.1 g/m2 than mulch less variants, this was increased weight of the main crop by 36.6 g/m2 and yield by 1.8 t/ha, respectively. Хөрс хамгаалах хучлагатай тариалангийн технологийн хог ургамлын судалгааны дүн Хураангуй: Дэлхийн хэмжээнд уур амьсгалын өөрчлөлт эрчимжиж, жилээс жилд дулаарал нэмэгдэж, энэхүү өөрчлөлт нь манай орны нөхцөлд бага хугацаанд илүү хүчтэй мэдрэгдэх боллоо. Ус цаг уур, орчны судалгаа, мэдээллийн хүрээлэнгээс гаргасан судалгаагаар сүүлийн 60 жилийн хугацаанд агаарын температур 1.56 хэмээр нэмэгдсэн, энэхүү өөрчлөлт цаашид үргэлжлэх ба 2020 он гэхэд 1.99 хэм, 2050 онд 3.13 хэмээр нэмэгдэх төлөвтэй байгааг судлаачид тогтоосон байна. Дулаарал нэмэгдэхийн хэрээр хөрсний чийгийн ууршилт нэмэгдэж, бэлчээрийн болон таримал ургамлын чийг хангамж дутагдах, хур тунадасны хүртээмж буурах нь зайлшгүй болно. Хур тунадас багатай, чийг хангалтгүй үед тариалангийн технологи нь уур амьсгалын энэхүү сөрөг үр дагаварт дасан зохицсон, нөлөөллийг нь бууруулахад чиглэх шаардлагатай бөгөөд бидний судалгааны үр дүн нь тариалангийн талбайд ургамлын нөмрөг үүсгэснээр хөрсийг халалт цонолтоос хамгаалах, хучлага бүхий талбайн хөрсний чийг дулааны горимын өөрчлөлт, сүрлэн хучлага хог ургамалд хэрхэн нөлөөлж буйг илрүүлэв. Тариалангийн талбайн хөрсний гадаргууд 3 т сүрлэн хучлага үүсгэснээр хавар тарилтын үед хөрсний үр суух гүний дулааныг 2 хэмээр бууруулж, хөрсний өнгөн 0-50 см гүний чийгийг 5.5 мм-ээр нэмэгдүүлснээр буудайн үрийн соёололтыг 6.2 %-иар нэмэгдүүлж, хог ургамал 3.4 дахин бага ургажээ. Хучлагатай талбайн цэцэглэлтийн үеийн хог ургамал 14 ш/м2-ээр, хог ургамлын жин 7.1 г/м2 -аар хучлагагүй хувилбараас бага байхад үндсэн таримлын жин нь 36.6 г/м2-аар их байгаа нь 1.8 ц/га-аар ургацыг нэмэгдүүлэв. Түлхүүр үг: Сүрлэн хучлага,чийг, дулаан, ургац

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Telles, Tiago Santos, Sonia Carmela Falci Dechen, and Maria de Fátima Guimarães. "Institutional landmarks in Brazilian research on soil erosion: a historical overview." Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 37, no. 6 (December 2013): 1431–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-06832013000600001.

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The problem of soil erosion in Brazil has been a focus of agricultural scientific research since the 19th century. The aim of this study was to provide a historical overview of the institutional landmarks which gave rise to the first studies in soil erosion and established the foundations of agricultural research in Brazil. The 19th century and beginning of the 20th century saw the founding of a series of institutions in Brazil, such as Botanical Gardens, executive institutions, research institutes, experimental stations, educational institutions of agricultural sciences, as well as the creation and diversification of scientific journals. These entities, each in its own way, served to foster soil erosion research in Brazil. During the Imperial period (1808-1889), discussions focused on soil degradation and conserving the fertility of agricultural land. During the First Republic (1889-1930), with the founding of various educational institutions and consolidation of research on soil degradation conducted by the Agronomic Institute of Campinas in the State of São Paulo, studies focused on soil depletion, identification of the major factors causing soil erosion and the measures necessary to control it. During the New State period (1930-1945), many soil conservation practices were developed and disseminated to combat erosion and field trials were set up, mainly to measure soil and water losses induced by hydric erosion. During the Brazilian New Republic (1945-1964), experiments were conducted throughout Brazil, consolidating soil and water conservation as one of the main areas of Soil Science in Brazil. This was followed by scientific conferences on erosion and the institutionalization of post-graduate studies. During the Military Regime (1964-1985), many research and educational institutions were founded, experimental studies intensified, and coincidently, soil erosion reached alarming levels which led to the development of the no-tillage system.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Soil conservation – Research – Jamaica'

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