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Journal articles on the topic 'Soil disinfection'
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1
Hernández-Lara, Alicia, Margarita Ros, Almudena Giménez, Diego A. Moreno, Francisco J. Díaz-Galiano, María Jesús Martínez-Bueno, Pedro Lozano-Pastor, and José Antonio Pascual. "Organic Amendment for Disinfecting Soil Alters the Metabolites in Spinacia oleracea." Agriculture 13, no. 12 (November 30, 2023): 2227. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13122227.
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Solar radiation and the incorporation of compost into soil is a practice for disinfecting soil that could have some other effects on spinach cultivation. The quality of spinach leaves after two types of soil disinfection, non-amended soil (NAS) and compost-amended soil (CAS), was compared in order to find biomarkers of both types of disinfection. These practices did not show significant differences in nutrient composition (N-P-K) compared to the control soil (CS). However, the amount of harmful nutrients such as NO2− was significantly lower in CAS (65.74 mg kg−1 FW) and NAS (49.99 mg kg−1 FW) than in CS (114.39 mg kg−1 FW). In addition, NO3− levels did not exceed the EU-recommended limit (<3500 mg kg−1 FW). Both types of disinfected soils produced higher concentrations of total phenols and more individual flavonoids in spinach leaves than the control. Combined chemometric analysis of the HRAMS data showed different clustering depending on the type of disinfection (NAS and CAS). Fifteen metabolite compounds could be identified, seven of which are beneficial for health and were more abundant in spinach grown in CAS compared to that grown in NAS or CS. Such beneficial metabolites measured with non-target analysis as markers of CAS-grown spinach. However, more studies are necessary in order to determine the differences between the metabolites of spinach grown in NAS or CAS.
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Pospelova, Irina G., Ivan V. Vozmishchev, and Anatoliy M. Niyazov. "Soil Disinfection Methods in Protected Ground." Elektrotekhnologii i elektrooborudovanie v APK, no. 3 (September 20, 2020): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.22314/2658-4859-2020-67-3-45-49.
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Soil is a favorable environment for many microorganisms, pathogenic bacteria, fungal spores, insect eggs due to the presence of nutrients and moisture in it. Soil treatment from pests and pathogens of agricultural crops for disinfection can be carried out by chemical, energy, thermal, biological methods. The most common method is thermal. This is because many pests and pathogens have a protein structure that is easily destroyed when the temperature increases, and the thermal effect can be obtained from various heat carriers. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in developing an energy-efficient method of soil disinfection using infrared radiation. (Materials and methods) The article shows the relation between the spectral thermoradiation characteristics of soil with characteristics of infrared emitters, namely the amount of applied heat, temperature, conductivity, soil moisture, and exposure time, to justify the rational mode of operation for decontamination of the soil. The article presents a mathematical model for this purpose based on known laws that determine the relationship between the necessary parameters. (Results and discussion) Authors offered a plant for soil disinfection with infrared radiation. It was found that the high energy efficiency of the installation is achieved by a high efficiency of infrared burners and infrared radiation affects directly the object of treatment, the soil. The article presents structural-logical and mathematical models of infrared power supply. (Conclusions) Analysis of the heating kinetics equation showed that the maximum permissible speeds for the process of infrared heating of the soil depend on its thermophysical properties, the maximum permissible temperature, the area and the required depth of warming of the soil. It was found that infrared heating and a device for disinfecting the soil in this way will allow energy-efficient, convenient and fast processing.
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Newberger, Derek R., Ioannis S. Minas, Daniel K. Manter, and Jorge M. Vivanco. "A Microbiological Approach to Alleviate Soil Replant Syndrome in Peaches." Microorganisms 11, no. 6 (May 30, 2023): 1448. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11061448.
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Replant syndrome (RS) is a global problem characterized by reduced growth, production life, and yields of tree fruit/nut orchards. RS etiology is unclear, but repeated monoculture plantings are thought to develop a pathogenic soil microbiome. This study aimed to evaluate a biological approach that could reduce RS in peach (Prunus persica) orchards by developing a healthy soil bacteriome. Soil disinfection via autoclave followed by cover cropping and cover crop incorporation was found to distinctly alter the peach soil bacteriome but did not affect the RS etiology of RS-susceptible ‘Lovell’ peach seedlings. In contrast, non-autoclaved soil followed by cover cropping and incorporation altered the soil bacteriome to a lesser degree than autoclaving but induced significant peach growth. Non-autoclaved and autoclaved soil bacteriomes were compared to highlight bacterial taxa promoted by soil disinfection prior to growing peaches. Differential abundance shows a loss of potentially beneficial bacteria due to soil disinfection. The treatment with the highest peach biomass was non-autoclaved soil with a cover crop history of alfalfa, corn, and tomato. Beneficial bacterial species that were cultivated exclusively in the peach rhizosphere of non-autoclaved soils with a cover crop history were Paenibacillus castaneae and Bellilinea caldifistulae. In summary, the non-autoclaved soils show continuous enhancement of beneficial bacteria at each cropping phase, culminating in an enriched rhizosphere which may help alleviate RS in peaches.
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Pospelova, Irina G., Ivan V. Vosmishchev, and Ivan R. Vladykin. "Development of Energy-Resource-Saving Plants for Disinfection of Soil and Substrate." Elektrotekhnologii i elektrooborudovanie v APK 48, no. 4 (December 2021): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.22314/2658-4859-2021-68-4-3-8.
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The soil is a favorable environment for many microorganisms, pathogenic bacteria, fungal spores, insect eggs due to the presence of nutrients and moisture in it. Soil treatment from pests and pathogens of agricultural crops for the purpose of disinfection can be carried out by chemical, energy, thermal and biological methods. The most common method is thermal. The article proposes to use infrared heating as an alternative energy source. (Research purpose) The research purpose is developing energy-resource- saving installations for disinfection of soil and substrate. (Materials and methods) The article presents three devices and their capabilities for disinfection of soil and substrate with infrared radiation. (Results and discussion) One of the options for progressive scientific and technical developments is the development of software management of soil and substrate disinfection for the implementation of energy-saving electrical technologies, which regulates parameters depending on the set values: heating time, height of the frame with IR burners above the ground, humidity, porosity, soil temperature, ambient temperature and power of infrared burners. (Conclusions) During the analysis of the state and prospects for the tillage before planting, the need for the development of scientifically based devices for disinfection of soil and substrate was justified. The proposed use of software control of soil and substrate disinfection will allow setting and maintaining the required level of treatment depending on the technological process, type of soil, open or closed ground. The use of an automatic disinfection control system will make it possible to achieve optimal processing parameters and increase productive indicators.
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Kryvokhyzha, Ye, V. Pinchuk, and O. Tertichna. "Evaluation of phytotoxicity of disinfectants used for manure disinfection." Agroecological journal, no. 2 (September 14, 2022): 92–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.2.2022.263323.
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Manure as an organic fertilizer in practice of agriculture is allowed to use only if it does not contain pathogenic microorganisms. Upon detection in manure and chicken droppings of pathogens of infectious diseases is carried out their disinfection. Choosing method of disinfection is carried out at the direction of veterinary service taking into account danger of arising of epizootic situation, type of pathogen of disease, presence and type of chemical reagents and technical means. For disinfection of animal by-products by chemical method we use a large number of disinfecting agents potentially hazardous for the environment which is associated with the content in their composition of xenobiotics, in particular aldehydes, chlorine, phenols, etc. The paper presents results of biotesting of soils polluted by disinfecting agents used for disinfection animal by-products, in particular, bioethanol, Novochlor-Extra (contain such active substances how inorganic chlorine compounds and alkali) and Dezaktin (organic chlorine compounds, anion SAS and sodium tripolyphosphate). The assessment was carried out under laboratory conditions through biotesting with the use of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). It is established, that after five-day cultivation of barley seeds in soils containing 1.0, 10.0 and 100.0 mg/kg of such agents as bioethanol, Novochlor-Extra and Dezaktin there was gradual reduction of mass of stem to 10.2% compared to a control. When the content in soils was 1.0, 10.0 and 100.0 mg/kg of investigated disinfectants gradual reduction of length of stem of barley by an average of 12.2% was observed. At pollution of soil investigated agents in the number of 1.0, 10.0 and 100.0 mg/kg we observed the small increase of length of longest of root by an average of 7.8%, which indicates to stimulating influence on the growth of root system and absence of phytotoxicity. When the content of disinfectants bioethanol and Novochlor-Extra in soils was in a quantity of 1000 mg/kg, there was reduction of mass, length of stem and longest root of an average of 19.1, 30.5 and 16.8%, respectively. At pollution of soil at the level of 1000 mg/kg agent of Dezactin we observed reduction of mass of stem to 61.8%, its length on 72.0% and length of longest of root to 67.4% that demonstrated to phytotoxic influence. At the hit of disinfectants with disinfected animal by-products in soils in a quantity of ≥1000 mg/kg it is possible to predict negative impact on morphometric indicators of plant what probably will lead to worsen of their development. The method of determination of pollution of soils by delay growth of root of plants is informative express method for ecological assessment of content in them the disinfectants used for disinfection of animal by-products.
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Butko, M. P., P. A. Popov, N. K. Gunenkova, and I. V. Timofeeva. "THE TECHNOLOGY OF APPLYING OF THE DRUG HYPONAT-BPO FOR DISINFECTING THE SURFACE OF VARIOUS TYPES OF SOIL IN RELATION TO THE VEGETATIVE MICROFLORA." Problems of Veterinary Sanitation, Hygiene and Ecology 1, no. 4 (2019): 394–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/vet.san.hyg.ecol.201904009.
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The article presents the results of laboratory experiments using a multicomponent disinfectant drug Hyponat-BPO based on sodium hypochlorite for disinfection of various soil types most commonly found on the territory of the Russian Federation in relation to vegetative microflora. According to the results of the experiments, the permeability of various soil types and the disinfecting effect of the Hyponat-BPO preparation were determined for E. coli (pcs.1257) and S. aureus (pcs. 209-Р).
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Huh, Da-An, Woo Ri Chae, Hong Lyuer Lim, Joung Ho Kim, Yoo Sin Kim, Young-Whan Kim, and Kyong Whan Moon. "Optimizing Operating Parameters of High-Temperature Steam for Disinfecting Total Nematodes and Bacteria in Soil: Application of the Box−Behnken Design." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 14 (July 13, 2020): 5029. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17145029.
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Concerns about the widespread use of pesticides have been growing due to the adverse effects of chemicals on the environment and human health. It has prompted worldwide research into the development of a replacement to chemical disinfection of soil. The efficiency of steam sterilization, an alternative to chemical methods, has improved as technology has advanced, and the Agricultural Research and Extension Service in Korea recommends the use of steam sterilization. However, few studies have been conducted on the effects and operating conditions of high-temperature steam disinfection. In this study, we present the optimum operating conditions of a high-steam disinfector, to maximize the cost-effectiveness and removal efficiency of total nematodes and total bacteria in soil using the Box−Behnken design. The experimental data were fitted to a second-order polynomial equation using multiple regression analysis, with coefficients of determination (R2) for each model of 0.9279, 0.9678, and 0.9979. The optimum conditions were found to be a steam temperature of 150.56 °C, running speed of 1.69 m/min, and spray depth of 15.0 cm, with a corresponding desirability value of 0.8367. In the model, these conditions cause the prediction of the following responses: nematode removal efficiency of 93.99%, bacteria removal efficiency of 97.49%, and oil consumption of 70.49 mL/m2. At the optimum conditions for the steam disinfector, the removal efficiencies of nematodes and bacteria were maximized, and the oil consumption was minimized. The results of our study can be used as basic data for efficient soil disinfection using high-temperature steam.
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Gao, Jianmin, Yuhao Shen, and Benlei Ma. "Optimized Design of Touching Parts of Soil Disinfection Machine Based on Strain Sensing and Discrete Element Simulation." Sensors 23, no. 14 (July 13, 2023): 6369. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23146369.
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With the increasing level in the intensification of agricultural production in China, continuous cropping obstacles have become a problem that needs to be solved. The use of vertical rotary tillage technology and soil disinfection technology is an effective solution. In this paper, a vertical rotary soil-tilling variable disinfection combine was developed and an on-board control system with STM32 as the control core was designed to realize the real-time acquisition of powder monopoly torque information and the variable application of soil disinfection chemicals. Based on the obtained experimental soil parameters, a discrete element soil particle model was established, and orthogonal experiments were conducted to analyze the single-blade roller tillage process, and the optimal operating parameters were finally selected as 500 mm powder monopoly depth, 320 r/min knife roller speed, and 0.26 m/s forward speed, respectively. The field experiment found that the average tillage depth of the implement was 489 mm, the stability coefficient of tillage depth was 94.50%, the uniformity coefficient of soil disinfection was 85.57%, and the applied amount and the speed ratio coefficient of the given flow were linearly related, respectively. This research provides a technical reference for the deep tillage and soil disinfection of the powder monopoly.
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Elkayam, R., M. Michail, O. Mienis, T. Kraitzer, N. Tal, and O. Lev. "Soil Aquifer Treatment as Disinfection Unit." Journal of Environmental Engineering 141, no. 12 (December 2015): 05015001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)ee.1943-7870.0000992.
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Pospelova, Irina, Pavel Dorodov, Ivan Vozmishchev, Ilya Titov, Sergey Netesov, and Alexander Sidorov. "Methodology for studying the disinfection of soil mixtures in a thin layer on a conveyor using IR radiation." АгроЭкоИнфо 6, no. 60 (December 30, 2023): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.51419/202136626.
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Growing greens is always accompanied by the development of pests and diseases, the fight against which is an integral part of obtaining a high and high-quality harvest. Heat treatment is one of the best ways to combat plant diseases and pests. Allows you to quickly create the necessary sterile conditions without the use of chemicals. For heat treatment, a device is being developed for disinfecting soil and substrate in a thin layer using IR radiation on a conveyor belt. The prepared soil mixture from the supply hopper falls onto the conveyor belt in a thin layer. An IR emitter with adjustable power within the range of 4...10 kW is installed above the conveyor belt. The movement of the conveyor belt should ensure that the surface of the soil mixture is heated to 100 °C. This is controlled by a temperature sensor, which sends a signal via a programmable relay to the conveyor motor and regulates its movement. The disinfection process makes it possible to achieve high energy efficiency through software regulation, taking into account optimal modes and control of the processing temperature. Keywords: DISINFECTION, IR RADIATION, HEATING, SURFACE, PROGRAM CONTROL, SOIL MIXTURE, DISEASES, PESTS
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Yun, Cuixia, Enke Liu, Massimo Rippa, Pasquale Mormile, Dongbao Sun, Changrong Yan, and Qin Liu. "Effects of Chemical and Solar Soil-Disinfection Methods on Soil Bacterial Communities." Sustainability 12, no. 23 (November 24, 2020): 9833. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12239833.
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The actctivated carbon + solar radiation membrane is an eco-friendly soil disinfestations method for managing soil-borne plant pathogens. However, little was known the impact of Activated carbon + solar radiation membrane on bacterial community structure in strawberry production systems under field conditions. A comprehensive evaluation of the impacts of different soil disinfection methods on the bacterial community structure is fundamental to understand the role of disinfection in maintaining soil health. The changes in the soil bacterial diversity and community composition were detected using realtime fluorescence quantitative PCR (RTFQ PCR) and next-generation sequencing techniques to better understand the effect of soil disinfection. The bacterial community composition was monitored after disinfection using dazomet (DZ), chloropicrin (CP), 100 kg/ha activated carbon + solar radiation membrane (AC1), 200 kg/ha activated carbon + solar radiation membrane (AC2), and 300 kg/ha activated carbon + solar radiation membrane (AC3) and compared with the control (CT). The results indicated that the different dosages of activated carbon (AC1, AC2, and AC3) did not affect the bacterial community structure. On the other hand, DZ and CP considerably reduced the soil biomass and abundance of bacterial species. Chemical fumigants influenced the bacterial community structure, with DZ treatment leading to the dominance of the phylum Firmicutes, accounting for approximately 54%. After fumigation with CP, Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria were the dominant phyla. Beta diversity analysis and principal coordinate analysis revealed that the bacterial communities in the soil treated with DZ and CP formed clusters. Redundancy analysis indicated that soil pH, available potassium, and available phosphorus were the key factors influencing microbial metabolic functional diversity. Thus, it was verified that the damage caused by activated carbon + solar radiation membrane—a potential alternative for chemical fumigant—to the soil bacterial community was less than that caused by chemicals DZ and CP.
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Li, Qi, Xiaohe Sun, Chunjiang Zhao, Shuo Yang, Chenchen Gu, and Changyuan Zhai. "Effect of Microwave Treatment at 2.45 GHz on Soil Physicochemical Properties and Bacterial Community Characteristics in Phaeozems of Northeast China." Agronomy 13, no. 2 (February 19, 2023): 600. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13020600.
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Microwave irradiation is a new means of non-toxic, residue-free, and green soil disinfection that prevents and controls soil diseases, insects, and weeds and helps to improve crop quality and yield. Soil microorganisms, as an important part of the ecosystem, are closely related to crop growth and health. To investigate the changes of soil physicochemical properties and microbial communities during microwave soil disinfection for different time periods, phaeozems from northeastern China were selected for microwave treatment at 3, 6, 9, and 12 min, and their physicochemical properties were measured after 30 days of incubation. The test soils (0–20 cm) after 30 days of incubation were used, and high-throughput sequencing was performed to detect changes in their soil microbial structure under different microwave time treatments. Microwave treatment had significant effects on soil pH, nitrate (NO3--N), ammonium (NH4+-N), and available phosphorus (AP) content. As shown by the Shannon, Chao, and Ace indices, microwave treatment at 3 min had the lowest effect on bacterial diversity compared to the control treatment (CK). Shannon index decreased by 9.92%, 24.56%, 34.37%, and 38.43% after 3, 6, 9, and 12 min microwave treatments, respectively; Chao index decreased by 7.69%, 18.13%, 32.21%, and 57.91%, respectively; Ace index decreased by 6.40%, 6.98%, 20.89%, and 52.07%, respectively. The relative abundance of beneficial soil microorganisms Micromonospora, Fictibacillus, Paenibacillus, and Bacillus (Firmicutes) increased significantly compared to CK. The results indicated that although the microwave treatment altered the soil microbial community, beneficial soil microorganisms showed faster recovery. In addition, pH, soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen ratio (C/N), soil-available phosphorus (AP), and NO3--N were important factors affecting bacterial community diversity and composition following microwave treatment, and bacterial community composition was driven by soil chemical properties such as soil pH, SOC, C/N, and NO3--N. Microwave treatments at different time periods affected soil microbial community structure to different degrees, and soil bacteria of copiotrophic taxa (e.g., Firmicutes) were relatively higher than the control. Overall, microwave treatment from 3–6 min may be more suitable for soil disinfection. The study of the effect of microwave on soil physicochemical properties and bacterial microbial community not only provides some scientific reference for the rational application of microwave soil disinfection, but also has positive significance for soil-borne disease control and crop quality improvement.
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ADACHI, Yoshinori, Hajime AOYAMA, Kazuyoshi ISHIKAWA, Junya SEKI, Saori ISHIMURA, Yuichi SATSUMI, and Asami TAKAHASHI. "G150035 Practical use of Soil Disinfection Robot." Proceedings of Mechanical Engineering Congress, Japan 2011 (2011): _G150035–1—_G150035–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecj.2011._g150035-1.
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Yang, Zhenjie, Adnan Abbas, Xiaochan Wang, Muhammad Ameen, Haihui Yang, and Shakeel Ahmed Soomro. "Influence of Soil Particle Size on the Temperature Field and Energy Consumption of Injected Steam Soil Disinfection." Processes 8, no. 2 (February 20, 2020): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8020241.
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Soil steam disinfection (SSD) technology is an effective means of eliminating soil borne diseases. Among the soil cultivation conditions of facility agriculture in the Yangtze River Delta region of China, the clay soil particles (SPs) are fine, the soil pores are small, and the texture is relatively viscous. When injection disinfection technology is applied in the clay soil, the diffusion of steam is hindered and the heating efficiency is substantially affected. To increase the heating efficiency of SSD, we first discretized the continuum model of Philip and De Vries into circular particle porous media of different sizes and random distribution. Then with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) numerical simulation technology, a single-injection steam disinfection model for different SP size conditions was constructed. Furthermore, the diffusion pattern of the macro-porous vapor flow and matrix flow and the corresponding temperature field were simulated and analyzed. Finally, a single-pipe injection steam disinfection verification test was performed for different SP sizes. The test results show that for the clay soil in the Yangtze River Delta region of China, the test temperature filed results are consistent with the simulation results when the heat flow reaches H = 20 cm in the vertical direction, the simulation and test result of the heat flow in the maximum horizontal diffusion distance are L = 13 cm and 12 cm, respectively. At the same disinfection time, the simulated soil temperature change trend is consistent with the test results, and the test temperature is lower than the simulated temperature. The difference between the theoretical temperature and the experimental temperature may be attributed to the heat loss in the experimental device. Further, it is necessary to optimize the CFD simulation process and add the disintegration and deformation processes of soil particle size with the change of water content. Furthermore, the soil pores increase as the SP size increases and that a large amount of steam vertically diffuses along the macropores and accumulates on the soil surface, causing ineffective heat loss. Moreover, soil temperature distribution changes from oval (horizontal short radius/vertical long radius = 0.65) to irregular shape. As the SP size decreases, the soil pore flow path becomes fine; the steam primarily diffuses uniformly around the soil in the form of a matrix flow; the diffusion distance in the horizontal direction gradually increases; and the temperature distribution gradually becomes even, which is consistent with the soil temperature field simulation results. Similar to the energy consumption analysis, the maximum energy consumption for SP sizes>27mm and <2mm was 486and 477kJ, respectively. Therefore, proper pore growth was conducive to the diffusion of steam, but excessive pores cause steam to overflow, which increased energy consumption of the system. Considering that the test was carried out in an ideal soil environment, the rotary tiller must be increased for fine rotary tillage in an actual disinfection operation. Although large particles may appear during the rotary tillage process, an appropriate number of large particles contributes to the formation of a large pore flow, under the common effect of matrix flow, it will simultaneously promote greater steam diffusion and heating efficiency. The above theoretical research has practical guiding significance for improving the design and disinfection effect of soil steam sterilizers in the future.
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Sun, Xiaohe, Chunjiang Zhao, Shuo Yang, Haolin Ma, and Changyuan Zhai. "Simulations and Experiments of Soil Temperature Distribution after 2.45 GHz Long-Term Microwave Treatment." Agriculture 12, no. 7 (June 23, 2022): 909. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12070909.
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Soil disinfection is an important agronomic measure to prevent soil-borne diseases, insects, weeds and other hazards. Based on the premise of being environmentally friendly, microwave soil disinfection can improve crop yield and quality in a pollution-free, residue-free and green way. The law of microwave soil heating is the theoretical basis of microwave soil disinfection. Therefore, in this paper, loess soil of North China and black soil of Northeast China are used as test materials to explore the law of soil heating under the action of microwaves. First, COMSOL Multiphysics software was used to simulate the temperature field change in the microwave-irradiated soil, and a simulation model of the temperature field of the microwave-irradiated soil was constructed to analyze the effective working range and temperature distribution characteristics of the microwave-irradiated soil. Second, using the 2.45 GHz microwave treatment, the following conditions were tested: soil moisture conditions of 10%, 15%, 20% and 23% (within the natural moisture content range). The loess and black soil were treated by microwave irradiation for 1~12 min, respectively (1 min/time increment). A single-factor experiment was designed to explore the influence of these factors on the soil heating law. The results show that the two soil surface temperatures are positively correlated with the soil moisture content, both of which satisfy Tsurface23% > Tsurface20% > Tsurface15% > Tsurface10%, and the surface temperature of black soil is higher than that of loess. According to the experimental results of the internal temperature distribution of loess and black soil irradiated by microwaves, the surface equations of “irradiation time–soil depth-soil temperature” and “irradiation time–soil moisture content–soil temperature” were constructed by surface fitting. When the irradiation time and moisture conditions are the same, the average temperature inside the irradiation area satisfies T¯α black soil > T¯α loess. The results of long-term microwave soil heating preliminarily confirmed the feasibility of microwave soil disinfection and the optimal conditions of microwave irradiation in loess of North China and Northeast black soil, which provides a certain reference for the study of soil-borne diseases inactivation at high temperature.
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VOLOZHANINOV, SERGEY S. "APPLICATION OF PHYSICAL TREATMENT METHODS FOR SOIL DISINFECTION." Agricultural engineering, no. 6 (2022): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/2687-1149-2022-6-32-37.
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To reduce the chemical load on the soil, plants and fruits, it is important to use alternative methods of soil and plant cultivation, which include irradiation with non-ionizing radiation. To establish the range of technological parameters and operating modes of the developed machines for tillage with non-ionizing radiation, the authors developed a technique and an experimental installation capable of providing infrared and ultraviolet radiation. To study the soil intended for use as protected greenhouse ground, standard methods for determining the physical, microbiological, and qualitative properties of the soil were applied. In the course of research, fi ve modes of soil cultivation were implemented: infrared radiation for three hours with and without the mechanical mixing of the soil; ultraviolet radiation for one hour; exposure for one hour to one infrared and one ultraviolet emitters with the mechanical mixing of the soil; processing for one hour with three infrared emitters and one ultraviolet with the mechanical mixing of the soil. Microbiological studies of the soil treated at the experimental unit were carried out within one hour after the selection of the material according to the presented method. It has been experimentally established that, depending on the modes of soil cultivation, the number of microorganisms decreases by 14…98%. The combination of infrared and ultraviolet radiation with a simultaneous threefold increase in the thermal power of radiation for one hour helps to reduce the number of microorganisms up to 98%. The decrease in the content of microorganisms in the soil due to non-ionizing radiation is the fi rst step to establish the design and technological parameters and operating modes of the developed machines used for tillage in protected greenhouse conditions.
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Fanti, Alessandro, Michele Spanu, Matteo Bruno Lodi, Francesco Desogus, and Giuseppe Mazzarella. "Nonlinear Analysis of Soil Microwave Heating: Application to Agricultural Soils Disinfection." IEEE Journal on Multiscale and Multiphysics Computational Techniques 2 (2017): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jmmct.2017.2723264.
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Wilson, James, and Aaron B. Margolin. "Efficacy of Glutaraldehyde Disinfectant Against Cryptosporidium parvum in the Presence of Various Organic Soils." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 86, no. 1 (January 1, 2003): 96–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/86.1.96.
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Abstract The opportunistic protozoan Cryptosporidium parvum is highly resistant to disinfectants, including those specifically used for processing reused medical equipment in hospitals. C. parvum oocysts were dried onto glass and steel grooved penicylinders and challenged with 2.5% glutaraldehyde solution in the presence of 3 types of soil with exposures at 10 min, 90 min, and 10 h. The influence of organic soils on disinfection was measured with 5% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 10% FBS, and 5 mg mucin/mL. An in vitro excystation procedure and cell culture infection assay were used to determine survivability of oocysts after the germicide challenge. In the presence of organic soil, all oocysts removed from carriers excysted and infected cell monolayers after all germicide contact times. However, excystation was observed only from oocysts that received no protection from organic soil after 10 h exposure. In these samples, no infection was observed in the cell monolayers. The results of this research demonstrate the importance of thorough cleaning of medical equipment before disinfection.
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Zubareva, G. I. "Environmental and Economic Features of Application of Various Methods of Disinfection of the Treated Sewage of a Holiday House." Ecology and Industry of Russia 22, no. 9 (September 21, 2018): 58–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0395-2018-9-58-61.
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The types of wastewater of a holiday house are considered. The necessity of disinfection of the treated domestic sewage at house before their soil recovery is substantiated. The methods of disinfection of treated holiday house drainage are described: chlorination, ozonizing, ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, and their essence is revealed. Their advantages and disadvantages are listed. A comparative ecological characterization of the indicated methods of disinfection of sewage is given. Factors influencing the efficiency of disinfection of wastewater by these methods and on the economic indicators of processes are indicated. As a result of the environmental and economic evaluation of disinfection methods, a conclusion has been made in favor of the prospect of applying the UV irradiation method for disinfection of the treated wastewater from a holiday house.
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Yang, Zhenjie, Xiaochan Wang, and Muhammad Ameen. "Influence of the Spacing of Steam-Injecting Pipes on the Energy Consumption and Soil Temperature Field for Clay-Loam Disinfection." Energies 12, no. 17 (August 21, 2019): 3209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12173209.
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Soil steam disinfection (SSD) technology is one of the effective means to eliminate soil-borne diseases, especially under the condition of clay-loam soil cultivation for facility agriculture in Yangtze River delta (China). With the fine particles, small pores and high density of the soil, the way of steam transport and heat transfer are quite different from those of other cultivation mediums, and when using SSD injection method, the diffusion of steam between pipes will be affected, inhibiting the heat transfer in the dense soil. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the influence of steam pipe spacing (SPS) on the energy consumption and soil temperature (ST) for clay-loam disinfection. The best results are to find a suitable SPS that satisfies the inter-tube steam that can be gathered together evenly without being lost to the air under limited boiler heating capacity. To this purpose, we first used a computational fluid dynamics model to calculate the effective SPS to inject steam into deep soil. Second, the ST, ST rise rate, ST coefficient of variation, and soil water content variation among different treatments (12, 18, 24, or 30 cm pipe spacing) were analysed. Finally, the heating efficiency of all treatments depending on the disinfection time ratio and relative energy consumption was evaluated. The result shows that in the clay-loam unique to Southern China, the elliptical shape of the high-temperature region obtained from the numerical simulation was basically consistent with the experiment results, and the ratios of short diameter to long diameter were 0.65 and 0.63, respectively. In the SPS = 12 and 18 cm treatments, the steam completely diffused at a 0–20 cm soil layer depth, and the heat transfer was convective. However, at an SPS = 12 cm, steam accumulation occurred at the steam pipe holes, causing excessive accumulation of steam heat. The relative energy consumptions for SPS = 30, 24, and 12 cm were above 2.18 kJ/(kg·°C), and the disinfection time ratio was below 0.8. Thus, under a two-pipe flow rate = 4–8 kg/h, the inter-tube steam was found to be completely concentrated with a uniform continuous high temperature distribution within the soil for an appropriate SPS = 18–22 cm, avoiding the unnecessary loss of steam heat, and this method can be considered for static and moving disinfection operations in the cultivated layer (−20–0 cm) of clay loam soil. However, for soil with higher clay contents, the SPS can be appropriately reduced to less than 18 cm. For soil with lower clay contents and higher sand contents, the SPS can be increased to more than 22 cm.
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Marín-Guirao, J. I., J. C. Tello, M. Díaz, A. Boix, C. A. Ruiz, and F. Camacho. "Effect of greenhouse soil bio-disinfection on soil nitrate content and tomato fruit yield and quality." Soil Research 54, no. 2 (2016): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr15106.
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Intensive horticultural practices in the greenhouse can cause proliferation of soil phytopathogenic organisms and pollution of groundwater from nitrate leaching. Among the different soil disinfection techniques, bio-disinfection through the addition of organic amendments (OA), with subsequent solarisation (biosolarisation) or without (biofumigation), is an efficient and economically viable alternative for the control of soil pathogens. This greenhouse experiment was conducted to initiate the process of conversion of a conventional tomato culture to organic farming. The effects of OA applied through biofumigation and biosolarisation in the first season on soil nitrate concentration and tomato fruit yield and quality were evaluated with the following treatments: control, no OA; T1, 0.3 kg m–2 of dehydrated pellets of Brassica carinata seed meal; T2, 0.8 kg m–2 of packaged and dehydrated B. oleracea var. italica; T3, T2 + 0.15 kg m–2 of dehydrated poultry manure; T4, T1 + 0.16 L m–2 of microbial cocktail. The experiment was carried out over the autumn crop cycle of two seasons (2011–12, 2012–13). Addition of OA increased soil nitrate concentration, more so with biosolarisation. Total and marketable yield of tomato and number of marketable fruits were higher in the biosolarised plots in the first crop after treatments. No effects were observed in the second crop after treatments. Except for tomato fruit firmness, quality attributes (size, soluble solids, acidity and colour) improved with some OA treatments. The supply of OA through biosolarisation is a soil disinfection technique with potential to minimise the impact of nitrate leaching and to provide improved yield and quality of tomatoes.
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Savchenko, L., S. Minenko, and V. Savchenko. "ANALYSIS OF EXISTING ENERGY INSTALLATIONS FOR ULTRAVIOLET DISINFECTION OF RECIRCULATING NUTRIENT SOLUTION IN SYSTEMS OF CROPS AUTOMATIC HYDROPONIC IRRIGATION IN PROTECTED GROUND." Ukrainian Journal of Natural Sciences, no. 2 (January 28, 2023): 174–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.35433/naturaljournal.2.2023.174-180.
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Decisive for solving food security problems in Ukraine while preserving and restoring the ecology of the environment should be an intensive method of management, i.e. the orientation of economic entities of their own activities on the innovative type of development, active use of scientific and technical developments and implementation of modern agricultural innovations. In its turn, the qualitative and quantitative indicators of crop production of protected soil depend on the technical condition of technological equipment.
The purpose of the work is research and analysis of existing power plants for ultraviolet disinfection of recirculating nutrient solution in systems of automatic hydroponic irrigation of crops in a protected soil, as well as elucidation of the impact of filtration and disinfection of nutrient solution on the presence of microorganisms when reusing plants in systems. The paper investigates the ways to improve the operation of power plants for ultraviolet disinfection of recirculating nutrient solution in the cultivation of crop products of protected soil. It provides the value of the required radiation dose for 90% disinfection of the recirculation solution from various bacteria, viruses and fungal spores and the dependence of bactericidal efficiency on the wavelength of light. Ultraviolet rays with a length from 200 to 280 nm (UV-C range) have the most pronounced bactericidal effect. Research in this area has shown that the optimal wavelength for irradiation is 253.7 nm. As a result of such irradiation, microorganisms die or lose their ability to reproduce. It has been proven that the classical layout scheme of power plants for ultraviolet disinfection of the recirculation solution is inefficient, because it does not rid the recirculation solution of turbidity and the presence of iron and does not guarantee high efficiency of the ultraviolet disinfection plants. The paper describes the method of carbonate precipitation of metal ions, which is based on the formation of insoluble metal compounds as a result of treatment of an aqueous solution with carbonates or bicarbonates of alkali metals. Prospects for further research are the development of methods and tools to improve the operation of power plants for ultraviolet disinfection of recirculating nutrient solution in the cultivation of crop products of protected soil.
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Yang, Zhenjie, Muhammad Ameen, Yilu Yang, Anyan Xue, Junyu Chen, Junyou Yang, Pengcheng Fang, et al. "Study on the Temperature and Water Distribution of Hot Air in Red Loam Based on Soil Continuous Cropping Obstacles." Agriculture 14, no. 4 (April 8, 2024): 588. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14040588.
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In recent years, the problematic circumstances of the constant cropping problem in facility crops have become increasingly serious. Compared to chemical disinfection, soil steam disinfestation offers the benefits of environmental protection and being pollution-free, which can effectively reduce the problem of constant cropping in crops. However, during the steam disinfection procedure, a large quantity of liquid water is formed due to the condensation of high-temperature steam, which causes soil pore blockage, seriously affecting the mass and heat transfer efficacy of steam and, thus, affecting the disinfection efficiency. Therefore, to solve this problem, this paper proposes the use of hot air dehumidification to remove excess water from soil pores and achieve the goal of dredging the pores. However, further exploration is needed on how to efficiently remove excess water from different pore structures through hot air applications. Therefore, this paper first used CFD simulation technology to simulate and analyze the hot air flow field, mass, and heat transfer in soil aggregates of different sizes (<2 mm to >8 mm). Then, based on the soil hot air heating experimental platform, research was conducted on the mass and heat transfer mechanism of hot air under diverse soil pore conditions. The results show that as the soil particle size increases from <2 mm to >8 mm, the number of soil macropores also increases, which makes the soil prone to the formation of macropore thermal currents, and the efficiency of hot air heating for dehumidification first increases and then decreases. Among them, the 4–6 mm treatment has the best dehumidification effect through hot air heating, with a deep soil temperature of up to 90 °C and a water content reduction of 6%. The 4–6 mm treatment has a high-temperature heating and dehumidification area of 15–20 cm deep. The above results lay the theoretical foundations for the parameters of hot air heating and dehumidification operations, as well as the placement of the hot air pipe. This paper aims to combine hot air dehumidification technology, for the removal of excess water from soil, and dredging soil pores, ultimately achieving the goal of improving soil steam disinfection efficiency.
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Sarraf, S., and J. Farah. "SOIL DISINFECTION IN LEBANON WITH SOLAR ENERGY-SOLARIZATION." Acta Horticulturae, no. 245 (August 1989): 209–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1989.245.27.
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Yang, Zhenjie, Xiaochan Wang, and Muhammad Ameen. "Changes in soil temperature and water content under mobile soil steam disinfection." International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 14, no. 3 (2021): 120–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.25165/j.ijabe.20211403.5026.
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Chaichi, Mehrdad, Ahmad Nemati, Amir Dadrasi, Moslem Heydari, Mohadeseh Hassanisaadi, Ali Reza Yousefi, Timothy C. Baldwin, and Andrea Mastinu. "Germination of Triticum aestivum L.: Effects of Soil–Seed Interaction on the Growth of Seedlings." Soil Systems 6, no. 2 (April 15, 2022): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems6020037.
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Seed size, sowing depth, and seed disinfection can affect seed germination and seedling establishment, which, in turn, can directly affect crop growth and yield. The current study was comprised of two experiments, the first of which was conducted in the laboratory, and a second which was performed under glasshouse conditions. The objective of these experiments was to investigate the effects of seed size, sowing depth, and seed disinfection on seed germination and initial seedling growth of selected wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars. The treatments in laboratory experiment were arranged in a completely randomized design, which included: (Ι) four wheat cultivars (Pishgam, Haydari, Soissons, and Mihan), (ΙΙ) two seed size classes (x < 2.25 mm, and x > 2.25 mm), and two disinfection treatments (no-disinfection and disinfection), (ΙΙΙ) with five replicates. In addition to the aforementioned treatments, the effect of planting depth (4, 6, and 8 cm) was also investigated in the subsequent glasshouse experiment. The best results were obtained at a sowing depth of 4 cm, in the non-disinfected treatment, using large seeds. In contrast, the lowest percentage and speed of seed germination and vigor index were observed in seeds sown at 8 cm depth, in the disinfected seed treatment, using small seeds. Large seeds contain larger nutrient stores which may improve seed germination indices, which would therefore result in improved percentage and speed of seed germination, followed by faster coleoptile and seedling growth, higher seedling dry weight and seed vigor. These data also illustrated that seed disinfection in the Pishgam and Haydari cultivars had inhibitory effects upon coleoptile growth and seedling length, which could be related to the fungicide’s chemical composition. Unlike other cultivars, disinfection did not show a significant effect on the Soissons cultivar. Based on our data, in order to improve both the speed of wheat seed germination and subsequent plant growth and development; it is necessary to select high-quality, large seeds, planted at a specific planting depth, which have been treated with an effective disinfectant; all of which will be specific for the wheat cultivar in question. Overall, the current study has provided useful information on the effect size seed, sowing depth, and disinfection have upon germination characteristics and seedling growth of wheat cultivars, which can form the basis for future field scale trails.
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Fallik, Elazar, Sharon Alkalai-Tuvia, Daniel Chalupowicz, Yohanan Zutahy, Merav Zaaroor, Marina Beniches, and Abraham Gamliel. "Effects of rootstock and soil disinfection on quality of grafted watermelon fruit (Citrullus lanatus L.): a two-year study." Israel Journal of Plant Sciences 63, no. 1 (May 18, 2016): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07929978.2016.1151287.
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Grafting is a rapid, effective alternative to the relatively slow methodology of breeding, to provide crop plants with increased tolerance to environmental stress and better yield and quality of fruit vegetables. We evaluated the effect of grafting and soil disinfestation on pre- and postharvest parameters in two consecutive years. In both 2013 and 2014, soil disinfection significantly improved the viability of nongrafted plants compared to the same plants grown in nontreated soil. In both years, plants which were grafted on “Nurit” or “TZ” rootstocks showed significantly better vine vigor, with no evidence of disease in either disinfested or nontreated soil. The yield of marketable watermelon fruit was significantly higher in grafted versus nongrafted plants. Grafting significantly influenced watermelon rind color and flesh color, and strongly influenced taste and texture. Watermelon fruit harvested from plants grafted on “Nurit” were tastier and had better flesh texture than fruit harvested from “TZ”-grafted plants. Disinfection during those two years affected only seed formation. The year factor highly influenced rind color, total soluble solids (TSS) near the rind, TSS at the fruit's heart, taste, and texture. An interaction between grafting and year was found on flesh and TSS near the rind. No grafting × disinfection × year interaction was found.
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Sun, Xiaohe, Changyuan Zhai, Shuo Yang, Haolin Ma, and Chunjiang Zhao. "Simulations and Experiments of the Soil Temperature Distribution after 2.45-GHz Short-Time Term Microwave Treatment." Agriculture 11, no. 10 (September 27, 2021): 933. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11100933.
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Microwave treatment is a green and pollution-free soil disinfection method. The application of microwaves to disinfect soil before cultivation is highly important to increase crop yields and protect the ecological environment. The electromagnetic field is an important parameter influencing the soil temperature field in the process of microwave soil treatment, and the change in soil temperature directly affects soil disinfection. Therefore, this article carried out research on the heating pattern in North China loess due to microwave treatment. First, COMSOL software was employed to simulate the microwave soil treatment process to analyze microwave penetration into soil. Second, with the application of microwaves at the designed frequency produced with a 2.45-GHz tunable microwave generating microdevice, soil with water contents of 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% was treated for 10~60 s (at 10-s time intervals), and experiments on the influence of the microwave output power, treatment time, and soil moisture content on the soil temperature were performed via the controlled variable method. The simulation results indicate that with increasing soil moisture content, the microwave frequency inside the soil model increases, and the electric field intensity value decreases in the model at the same depth. After microwaves traverse through the 20-cm soil model, the incident field strength is three orders of magnitude lower than the outgoing field strength. The results of the microwave soil treatment experiment reveal that: (1) Compared to microwave output power levels of 1.8 and 1.6 kW, a level of 2 kW is more suitable for microwave soil disinfection. (2) After treatment, the highest temperature occurs on the soil surface, not within the soil. (3) The location of the highest soil internal temperature after microwave treatment increasingly approaches the soil surface with increasing soil moisture content, and the microwave output power does not affect the location of the highest soil internal temperature. Combining the electromagnetic field simulation and microwave soil treatment experiment results, it was found that the higher the field strength is, the higher the temperature value, and the highest soil internal temperature after microwave treatment often occurs at the first electromagnetic wave peak.
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Hron, Rebecca J., Doug J. Hinchliffe, Christopher P. Mattison, and Brian D. Condon. "The effect of cotton fiber inclusion on the hard surface cleaning capacity of nonwoven substrates." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 14 (January 2019): 155892501988962. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558925019889620.
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Hard surface cleaning and disinfection is critically important in environments where microbial contamination can result in the spread of food-borne illnesses and infectious diseases. Successful disinfection of a hard surface can be impeded by the presence of a soil load in the form of protein, fat or other material. Fibrous materials used as applicators for surface disinfecting solutions require careful consideration to ensure the active ingredient remains efficacious. Of equal importance are the mechanical and surface properties of the applicator including tensile strength, cleaning efficiency, and absorbency. Therefore, the successful disinfection of a hard surface can be greatly enhanced by an applicator that also effectively removes organic contaminants, is strong enough to resist structural failure, and reduces water waste when a disinfecting solution is applied. The cleaning and physical properties of nonwoven applicators in the form of disposable wipes composed of cotton, rayon, polyester, and blends thereof were evaluated with several assays. Dynamic wiping assays, surface roughness, and tensile testing were conducted to compare the physical and surface properties of the wipes. The removal of organic contaminants was found to correlate with higher wipe surface roughness that increased with cellulosic fiber content. Tensile testing demonstrated the greige cotton, which has not been subjected to processing such as scouring or bleaching, had increased wet strength while rayon wipes lost significant strength when wet. Greige cotton wipes were also produced as a sustainable product with reduced absorbency that would minimize water usage and waste. The results indicated that inclusion of greige cotton fibers in wipes offers improvements over currently available wipes without sacrificing strength or cleaning efficiency.
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Bouwer, Herman. "Issues in artificial recharge." Water Science and Technology 33, no. 10-11 (May 1, 1996): 381–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0696.
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Interest in artificial recharge with normal water and sewage effluent continues to increase. Issues discussed in this paper include recharge with infiltration basins, soil-aquifer treatment of sewage effluent, potable use of water from aquifers recharged with sewage effluent, nitrogen removal, pre-treatment of sewage effluent, disinfection, well recharge, clogging parameters, superchlorination, disinfection byproducts, vadose zone wells, seepage trenches, and constructed aquifers used as intermittent sand filters.
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孙, 效荷. "Summary of Application of Microwave Technology in Soil Disinfection." Hans Journal of Soil Science 09, no. 02 (2021): 31–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/hjss.2021.92005.
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Suchshikh, V. Yu, B. Kanatov, M. R. Yusupov, S. M. Djusenov, and A. A. Karimov. "Development of a method for disinfection of soil foci." Vestnik KGMA im I K Akhunbaeva, no. 4 (2022): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.54890/1694-6405_2022_4_38.
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Dabire, A. P., V. Hien, M. Kisa, A. Bilgo, K. S. Sangare, C. Plenchette, A. Galiana, Y. Prin, and R. Duponnois. "Responses of soil microbial catabolic diversity to arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation and soil disinfection." Mycorrhiza 17, no. 6 (April 25, 2007): 537–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00572-007-0126-5.
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Tanneberger, Franziska, Ahmed Abd El Wahed, Melina Fischer, Paul Deutschmann, Hanna Roszyk, Tessa Carrau, Sandra Blome, and Uwe Truyen. "Efficacy of Liming Forest Soil in the Context of African Swine Fever Virus." Viruses 14, no. 4 (March 31, 2022): 734. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14040734.
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Since September 2020, Germany has experienced the first ever outbreak of African swine fever (ASF). The first known cases occurred exclusively in wild boar in forest areas in Brandenburg and Saxony; in July 2021, infected domestic pigs were also confirmed for the first time. As wild boar are considered the main reservoir for the virus in the European region, an effective interruption of this infection chain is essential. In particular, the removal and safe disposal of infected carcasses and the direct disinfection of contaminated, unpaved ground are priorities in this regard. For the disinfection, highly potent as well as environmentally compatible disinfectants must be used, which are neither influenced in their effectiveness by the soil condition nor by increased organic contamination. Thus, in this study, slaked lime, milk of lime and quicklime (1% to 10% solutions) were selected for efficacy testing against the test virus recommended by the German Veterinary Society (DVG), Modified Vaccinia Ankara virus (MVAV), and ASF virus (ASFV) in conjunction with six different forest soils from Saxony in two different soil layers (top soil and mineral soil) each. In summary, 10% of any tested lime type is able to inactivate both MVAV and ASFV under conditions of high organic load and independent of the water content of the soil. At least a 4 log reduction of the virus titer in all tested forest soil types and layers and by all applied lime types was observed. In conclusion, the high efficacy and suitability of all tested lime products against both viruses and in the presence of high organic load in forest soil can be confirmed and will help to control ASF spread.
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Ofori, Solomon, David Kwesi Abebrese, Iveta Růžičková, and Jiří Wanner. "Reuse of Treated Wastewater for Crop Irrigation: Water Suitability, Fertilization Potential, and Impact on Selected Soil Physicochemical Properties." Water 16, no. 3 (February 1, 2024): 484. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w16030484.
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This study evaluates the suitability of treated wastewater (TWW: secondary effluent and membrane effluent) for crop irrigation and the resultant impact on crop growth and soil physicochemical characteristics. Carrot seeds (Daucus carota subsp. sativus) were grown on loam soil and irrigated with tap water (Tap), secondary effluent (SE), and membrane effluent (ME) until maturity. Bacteriological analyses showed four log counts of E. coli and thermotolerant coliforms for secondary effluent, making it unsafe for the irrigation of carrots. Tap water and membrane effluent fulfilled the microbial limit for water reuse and were suitable for irrigation. The sodium absorption ratio, Kelly index, and magnesium hazard assessments indicated that all three irrigation water streams were suitable for irrigation. The average mass of carrot fruits for Tap, SE, and ME was 2.14 g, 3.96 g, and 3.03 g, respectively. A similar trend was observed for the dry matter composition: Tap had 15.9%, SE had 18.3%, and ME had 16.6%. The soil pH increased from 7.08 to 7.26, 7.39, and 7.33 for tap water-, secondary effluent-, and membrane effluent-irrigated soils, respectively. Nitrate-nitrogen and potassium levels increased in the TWW-irrigated soil, while that of the tap water-irrigated soil decreased. Sodium levels in the TWW-irrigated soil increased significantly but did not induce soil sodicity. The application of the TWW enhanced the growth of the carrot plants and increased the soil nutrient levels. Hence, using TWW in agricultural irrigation could promote food production and also limit the overdependency on freshwater resources. However, TWW should be disinfected by using UV disinfection and ozonation to reduce the risk of microbial contamination. Such disinfection methods may not lead to the formation of toxic byproducts, and therefore secondary pollution to crops is not anticipated.
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Marsum, Marsum, Sunarto Sunarto, Widodo Widodo, Khayan Khayan, and Slamet Wardoyo. "Waste treatment innovation for infusion bottles using soil solution." PLOS ONE 17, no. 8 (August 22, 2022): e0273394. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0273394.
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The amount of medical waste, especially infusion bottles, is a problem for environmental pollution. Improper management of infusion bottle waste can have an impact on disease transmission. The medical waste treatment used high technology and high costs will be a financial burden, so simple and effective treatment innovations is needed. This study uses an experimental method of removing bacteria from infusion bottles using a mixture of water and Andoso soil as a solution for washing infusion bottle waste. The soil solution concentration used in washing was 45% with a contact time of 2 minutes. The experiment was carried out with two repetitions. The treatment effect on decreasing the number of bacteria using a multiple linear regression mathematical model. The results showed that the disinfection process of bacterial-contaminated infusion bottles using water required rinsing up to six times, whereas using 45% andosol soil solution only rinsed once. The effectiveness of the disinfection of infusion bottles contaminated with bacteria using soil solution reduces the number of bacteria by 98%.
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Dombrovsky, Aviv, Netta Mor, Shelly Gantz, Oded Lachman, and Elisheva Smith. "Disinfection Efficacy of Tobamovirus-Contaminated Soil in Greenhouse-Grown Crops." Horticulturae 8, no. 7 (June 21, 2022): 563. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8070563.
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The tobamoviruses tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) and cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV) have caused severe crop damages worldwide. Soil-mediated dispersion of the mechanically transmitted tobamoviruses constitute a major hindrance toward mitigating disease spread in crops carefully planted under sanitized conditions. Tobamoviruses are viable for months in soil and plant debris and for more than a year adhere to clay. However, a low percentage of infectious foci occur in soil following a tobamovirus-infected growing cycle, rendering disinfection studies of several contaminated plots inconclusive for large-scale crop productions. We have therefore formulated a rigorous platform for studying disinfectant efficacy in greenhouses by pouring a virus inoculum to planting pits prior to disinfectant treatment and by truncating seedling roots before planting, which was otherwise conducted under sanitized conditions. We have found that chlorine-based Taharan was significantly efficient in preventing disease spread of ToBRFV and CGMMV in tomato and cucumber plants, respectively. KlorBack was often as good as Taharan. In addition, a formulation of chlorinated tri-sodium phosphate used at a nonphytotoxic 3% concentration showed disinfection efficiency similar to Taharan effect on ToBRFV infection only. Our study provided a small-scale platform for disinfectant efficacy evaluation necessary for application in tobamovirus-contaminated soil, which commonly occurs in commercial tomato and cucumber greenhouses.
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LI, Ying-Mei, Hong-Mei CAO, Fu-Li XU, Wu-Ting REN, Jian-Li LIU, Shu-Lian ZHANG, Feng ZHANG, and Zhi-Jie CHEN. "Effects of different forms of soil disinfection on soil physical properties and cucumber growth." Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture 18, no. 6 (December 21, 2010): 1189–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1011.2010.01189.
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Padhi, R. K. "Carbonaceous DBP (THMs and HAAs) formation during Cl2 and ClO2 treatment of aqueous soluble fractions of soil derived natural organic matter." Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology 8, no. 3 (2022): 597–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ew00716e.
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Organic content from composite soil samples was isolated, fractionated into hydrophilic, hydrophobic and transphilic constituents and their potential for disinfection byproduct formation during Cl2 and ClO2 treatment was evaluated.
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Khamkure, Sasirot, Edmundo Peña Cervantes, Alejandro Zermeño González, Rubén López Cervantes, Prócoro Gamero Melo, and Homero Ramírez. "Number of residual thermotolerant coliforms on plants and in soil when using reclaimed domestic wastewater for irrigation." Water Science and Technology 67, no. 2 (January 1, 2013): 380–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.577.
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The reclamation of domestic wastewater for irrigation is one alternative approach to solve the water scarcity crisis, but it is essential to control the microbiological quality of wastewater used for irrigation. The removal of thermotolerant coliforms, also known as faecal coliforms (FC), from treated domestic wastewater by intermittent media infiltration (IMI) in column was studied. The columns were filled with natural filter media (soil, soil/charcoal and zinc-modified zeolite, Zeo-Zn), and wastewater, IMI-treated wastewater and disinfected wastewater were compared. The numbers of residual FC on Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris) and in agricultural soil were determined over a 4-month period. The column using Zeo-Zn had a higher FC removal efficiency (2.98 log) than columns with other filter media and disinfection (1.87–2.57 log) due to the bactericidal properties of Zn2+. The treatment of wastewater using Zeo-Zn and disinfection both decreased the accumulation of FC on plants and in soil to approximately 1–20 MPN/g dry matter. IMI-treated wastewater using the column with Zeo-Zn was suitable for unrestricted agricultural use, complied with Mexican regulations (as did disinfected wastewater) and had a low risk of FC contamination of plants and soil.
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Quanrud, David M., Robert G. Arnold, L. Gray Wilson, and Martha H. Conklin. "Effect of soil type on water quality improvement during soil aquifer treatment." Water Science and Technology 33, no. 10-11 (May 1, 1996): 419–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0700.
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Bench-scale soil column experiments were performed at The University of Arizona to examine the effects of soil type and infiltration rate on the removal of wastewater organics during soil aquifer treatment (SAT). The suitability of such waters for potable uses following a combination of above-ground treatments and SAT polishing was under investigation. SAT was simulated in 1-meter soil columns containing repacked homogenized soils ranging from poorly graded sands to silty sands. Soils were obtained from existing and potential effluent recharge sites in Arizona. All columns received chlorinated/dechlorinated secondary effluent, ponded to a 25-cm depth above the soil surface, under alternating wet/dry conditions. Treatment efficiencies in biologically active and inhibited columns were compared to determine the mechanism(s) of water quality improvements and the sustainability of SAT. Water quality parameters included: (i) non-purgable dissolved organic carbon and (ii) UV absorbance at 254 nm (used as a measure of disinfection-by-product precursors). Differences in through-column removal of non-purgable dissolved organic carbon were significant for columns containing sandy loam (56%), sand (48%) and silty sand (44%). Removal of UV-absorbing organics was not significantly different for columns containing sand and sandy loam (22 and 20%, respectively). There was no significant correlation between infiltration rate and removal efficiency of either organic parameter for both soils.
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Gonzalez-Guzman, Adrian. "Optimizing wheat seed treatment with entomopathogenic fungi for improving plant growth at early development stages." Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 19, no. 4 (December 2021): e1004-e1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2021194-17120.
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Aim of study: Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) are biocontrol agents, plant growth promoters, and increase tolerance to biotic-abiotic stresses. In this study we investigated the factors associated to the application method, which are crucial for the interaction between the fungus and the host plant at initial crop growth stages. Area of study: The study was performed in Cordoba (Spain) Material and methods: Three experiments were performed to investigate: (i) the effect of different concentrations of the surfactant Tween® 80 (0, 0.5, 1, 5, and 10%) on wheat seed coating with conidia of Metarhizium brunneum and seed and conidia viability; (ii) the performance of wheat seedlings at first growth stages after their inoculation with Beauveria bassiana or M. brunneum via seed coating or soil drenching; and (iii) the role of soil sterilization and seed disinfection on leaf concentration of chlorophyll (SPAD) and B. bassiana or M. brunneum colonization. Main results: Tween® 80 concentration linearly improved seed coating (up to 127%) without altering wheat seeds and fungal conidia germination. Seedling length of inoculated plants was significantly increased with B. bassiana and M. brunneum (67% and 46%, respectively) via seed coating. Seed disinfection was key to achieve an enhancement in wheat SPAD (10-18%) with B. bassiana or M. brunneum concerning Control, that combined with sterilization of soil showed the highest endophyte colonization rates (up to 83.3% with both fungi) Research highlights: The surfactant concentration, application method, seed disinfection, and soil sterilization are key parameters to improve the potential benefits on the EPF-plant relationship.
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Xie, Xuewen, Lida Chen, Yanxia Shi, Ali Chai, Tengfei Fan, Baoju Li, and Lei Li. "Response of Microbial Recovery Rate to Straw Return after Calcium Cyanamide Soil Disinfection." Horticulturae 10, no. 1 (December 19, 2023): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10010002.
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At present, returning vegetable straw in situ is an effective measure to solve environmental pollution and improve soil properties. However, the direct return of straw to the field can reduce the release rate of soil organic matter and cause serious soilborne diseases. The combined application of calcium cyanamide (CaCN2) and straw can solve this problem. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of CaCN2 combined with pepper straw return on cucumber yield, soil physicochemical properties, and soil microbial communities during 2020 to 2021 in Shandong Province, China. The treatments were designed as follows: (1) calcium cyanamide soil disinfection, CC; (2) fresh pepper straw return, LJ; (3) fresh pepper straw return combined with calcium cyanamide disinfection, LJ+CC; and (4) natural soil without straw return treatment, CK. Compared with CK, the LJ+CC treatment significantly improved cucumber production by 20%. The cultivable microbial community in the soil was temporarily inhibited during soil fumigation treatment, and the cultivable bacterial and actinomycete communities in the soil return to their initial levels after the film was removed (harvest period). The numbers of culturable bacteria and actinomycetes in the soil in the LJ+CC treatment were 4.68 × 107 CFU/g and 5.17 × 107 CFU/g, respectively, higher than those in the soil in the CC treatment. The contents of TN and OM in the LJ+CC treatment increased by 13.1% and 13.5%, respectively, compared with that in LJ. Therefore, the LJ+CC treatment enhanced soil fertility and cucumber yields. CaCN2 can promote straw decomposition and straw can promote soil microbial recovery, and their combined application is considered a feasible and sustainable technique for utilizing vegetable residues in the greenhouse. The combination of returning pepper straw to the field and calcium cyanamide technology achieves a win-win situation of resource circulation and economic circulation by converting agricultural waste into fertilizer before being put into production. Based on this, it is recommended that the straw returning technology receives strong policy support, stimulates researchers to explore the feasibility of different vegetable straw returning to the field, promotes the implementation of this technology achievement, and leverages the environmental benefits of the application of straw returning technology.
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Mahmoudi, Ebrahim, and Farid Moeinpour. "Performance of silver-coated red soil nanocomposites in water disinfection." Water Quality Research Journal 54, no. 1 (October 31, 2018): 70–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2018.021.
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Abstract The present research studied the anti-bacterial effect of silver-coated red soil nanoparticles on Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli (E. coli) from water. The effects of disinfectant concentration (0.02, 0.05 and 0.1 g/mL), contact time (10, 20 and 30 minutes) and bacteria number (102, 104 and 106 CFU/mL) have been also investigated. To obtain important factors, the interactions between factors and optimal experimental design in surface response method were used based on Box-Behnken design. According to the research findings, the system is efficient in eliminating E. coli. The results showed that E. coli elimination efficiency intensified through increasing the amount of disinfectant from 0.02 to 0.1 g/mL. Expanding contact time from 10 minutes to 30 minutes also heightened the E. coli elimination rate. R2 for E. coli elimination is 0.9956 indicating a good agreement between model experimental data and forecasting data.
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Sushchy, V. Yu, A. A. Sultanov, Yu M. Gorelov, B. Kanatov, and K. Nurlan. "New BA-12 disinfectant for disinfection soil foci of anthrax." "Veterinary Medicine" Journal 23, no. 9 (September 2020): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.30896/0042-4846.2020.23.9.14-18.
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EGUSA, Nobuyuki, Koudai KASE, Syuichi YAMAMOTO, Yoshihiko MASUDA, and Tatemasa HIRATA. "CHANGE IN SOIL TEMPERATURE UNDER FARMLAND DISINFECTION USING SOLAR HEAT." Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshuu B 64, no. 4 (2008): 267–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscejb.64.267.
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Ouyang, Canbin, Wensheng Fang, Bing Huang, Baoqiang Hao, Dongdong Yan, Qiuxia Wang, Yuan Li, and Aocheng Cao. "Comprehensive soil disinfection technologies to soilborne disease of Chinese yam." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1270 (February 2020): 177–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2020.1270.20.
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Wu, Chaorong, Yuan Wang, Yiyun Chen, and Haiyan Wu. "Effective management of Meloidogyne enterolobii using anaerobic soil disinfection technique." Scientia Horticulturae 332 (June 2024): 113215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113215.
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Dumitrescu, I. L., M. Vintila, and M. Toma. "Experimental determinations of microwave soil disinfection in vegetable growing areas." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1391 (March 2024): 365–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2024.1391.50.
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Neilsen, G. H., and J. Yorston. "Soil Disinfection and Monoammonium Phosphate Fertilization Increase Precocity of Apples on Replant Problem Soils." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 116, no. 4 (July 1991): 651–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.116.4.651.
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In an apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) orchard with a severe replant problem, tree size was increased by the 2nd year and number of fruit by the 3rd year by treating the planting hole soil with formalin or mancozeb plus monoammonium phosphate (MAP) fertilizer. Growth increases were evident each year for 4 years only for the MAP + formalin treatment. In a second orchard, with a less severe replant problem, planting-hole treatment with formalin or dazomet + MAP increased tree size by year 2. Number of fruit in year 2 was increased by formalin and mancozeb + MAP treatments, although this effect persisted in year 3 only for mancozeb + MAP. Leaf P concentrations were increased to high values in the first year by MAP fertilization but declined in subsequent years. Leaf Mn concentration also increased in one orchard, a consequence of fertilizer-induced acidification of planting hole soil and Mn uptake from the fungicide mancozeb. Chemical names used: tetrahydro-3,5-dimethyl-2 H -l,3,5-thiadiazine-2-thione (dazomet); 37% aqueous solution formaldehyde (formalin); Zn, Mn ethylene dithiocarbamate (mancozeb).