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1
Wahl, Tony L. "Methods for Analyzing Submerged Jet Erosion Test Data to Model Scour of Cohesive Soils." Transactions of the ASABE 64, no. 3 (2021): 785–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.14212.
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HighlightsFifty-two jet erosion tests performed on four cohesive soils were analyzed by nine different methods.Nonlinear methods performed well on some individual tests but fit inconsistently overall.Several alternate linear solution methods outperformed the widely used Blaisdell method.Simple linear regression of erosion rate versus applied shear stress provided the most consistent relationship between erosion rate and critical shear stress parameters.Abstract. The submerged jet erosion test (JET) is widely used in lab and field settings to quantify erodibility of cohesive soils and determine erosion rate coefficients and critical shear stress values. Test devices with different scales and configurations have been developed in recent years, along with several alternative methods for processing the collected data to determine parameters of linear and nonlinear soil erosion equations. To facilitate standardization, 52 JET experiments were conducted on four different cohesive soils compacted at optimum water content and 2% dry and wet of optimum. Each test was analyzed using nine different methods, four based on the linear excess stress equation (including the commonly used Blaisdell method) and five based on nonlinear erosion equations, including two using the recently popular Wilson model. Results were analyzed to determine the erosion equations and parameter-fitting methods that most effectively represent the observed erosion rates and are of greatest utility for soil erosion modeling and the ranking and classification of soils according to erodibility. Methods based on nonlinear erosion equations fit some data sets well, but they exhibited poor correlation between the erosion rate coefficient and the threshold shear stress parameter for initiating erosion, which is problematic for soil erodibility classification work. Linear methods that simultaneously optimized erosion equation parameters to best fit the total depth of scour or the elapsed time needed to reach specific depths of scour performed better than the Blaisdell method, which has been the informally accepted standard of practice since the late 1990s. However, they also exhibited weak correlation of the erosion rate and critical shear stress parameters. Simple linear regression of average scour rate versus average applied stress provided an effective method for representing the erosion rate versus applied stress curve and exhibited the strongest correlation of the erosion rate coefficient and critical shear stress parameters. Keywords: Cohesive soil, Critical shear stress, Erodibility, Erosion, Erosion laws, Erosion models, Jet erosion test, Shear strss, Soil moisture.
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Eltner, A., D. Schneider, and H. G. Maas. "INTEGRATED PROCESSING OF HIGH RESOLUTION TOPOGRAPHIC DATA FOR SOIL EROSION ASSESSMENT CONSIDERING DATA ACQUISITION SCHEMES AND SURFACE PROPERTIES." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B5 (June 16, 2016): 813–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b5-813-2016.
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Soil erosion is a decisive earth surface process strongly influencing the fertility of arable land. Several options exist to detect soil erosion at the scale of large field plots (here 600 m²), which comprise different advantages and disadvantages depending on the applied method. In this study, the benefits of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry and terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) are exploited to quantify soil surface changes. Beforehand data combination, TLS data is co-registered to the DEMs generated with UAV photogrammetry. TLS data is used to detect global as well as local errors in the DEMs calculated from UAV images. Additionally, TLS data is considered for vegetation filtering. Complimentary, DEMs from UAV photogrammetry are utilised to detect systematic TLS errors and to further filter TLS point clouds in regard to unfavourable scan geometry (i.e. incidence angle and footprint) on gentle hillslopes. In addition, surface roughness is integrated as an important parameter to evaluate TLS point reliability because of the increasing footprints and thus area of signal reflection with increasing distance to the scanning device. The developed fusion tool allows for the estimation of reliable data points from each data source, considering the data acquisition geometry and surface properties, to finally merge both data sets into a single soil surface model. Data fusion is performed for three different field campaigns at a Mediterranean field plot. Successive DEM evaluation reveals continuous decrease of soil surface roughness, reappearance of former wheel tracks and local soil particle relocation patterns.
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Eltner, A., D. Schneider, and H. G. Maas. "INTEGRATED PROCESSING OF HIGH RESOLUTION TOPOGRAPHIC DATA FOR SOIL EROSION ASSESSMENT CONSIDERING DATA ACQUISITION SCHEMES AND SURFACE PROPERTIES." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B5 (June 16, 2016): 813–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b5-813-2016.
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Soil erosion is a decisive earth surface process strongly influencing the fertility of arable land. Several options exist to detect soil erosion at the scale of large field plots (here 600 m²), which comprise different advantages and disadvantages depending on the applied method. In this study, the benefits of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry and terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) are exploited to quantify soil surface changes. Beforehand data combination, TLS data is co-registered to the DEMs generated with UAV photogrammetry. TLS data is used to detect global as well as local errors in the DEMs calculated from UAV images. Additionally, TLS data is considered for vegetation filtering. Complimentary, DEMs from UAV photogrammetry are utilised to detect systematic TLS errors and to further filter TLS point clouds in regard to unfavourable scan geometry (i.e. incidence angle and footprint) on gentle hillslopes. In addition, surface roughness is integrated as an important parameter to evaluate TLS point reliability because of the increasing footprints and thus area of signal reflection with increasing distance to the scanning device. The developed fusion tool allows for the estimation of reliable data points from each data source, considering the data acquisition geometry and surface properties, to finally merge both data sets into a single soil surface model. Data fusion is performed for three different field campaigns at a Mediterranean field plot. Successive DEM evaluation reveals continuous decrease of soil surface roughness, reappearance of former wheel tracks and local soil particle relocation patterns.
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Papaiordanidis, S., I. Z. Gitas, and T. Katagis. "Soil erosion prediction using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) in Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud-based platform." Dokuchaev Soil Bulletin, no. 100 (January 3, 2020): 36–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.19047/0136-1694-2019-100-36-52.
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High-quality soils are an important resource affecting the quality of life of human societies, as well as terrestrial ecosystems in general. Thus, soil erosion and soil loss are a serious issue that should be managed, in order to conserve both artificial and natural ecosystems. Predicting soil erosion has been a challenge for many years. Traditional field measurements are accurate, but they cannot be applied to large areas easily because of their high cost in time and resources. The last decade, satellite remote sensing and predictive models have been widely used by scientists to predict soil erosion in large areas with cost-efficient methods and techniques. One of those techniques is the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE). RUSLE uses satellite imagery, as well as precipitation and soil data from other sources to predict the soil erosion per hectare in tons, in a given instant of time. Data acquisition for these data-demanding methods has always been a problem, especially for scientists working with large and diverse datasets. Newly emerged online technologies like Google Earth Engine (GEE) have given access to petabytes of data on demand, alongside high processing power to process them. In this paper we investigated seasonal spatiotemporal changes of soil erosion with the use of RUSLE implemented within GEE, for Pindos mountain range in Greece. In addition, we estimated the correlation between the seasonal components of RUSLE (precipitation and vegetation) and mean RUSLE values.
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Lazovik, Hleb S., and Antonina A. Topaz. "Assessment of soil erosion hazard and its mapping using GIS technologies." Journal of the Belarusian State University. Geography and Geology, no. 2 (December 28, 2021): 18–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.33581/2521-6740-2021-2-18-31.
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The article presents a method for creating a territory erosion hazard integrated map using RUSLE integral model, Earth remote sensing data and GIS technologies. The studies carried out on this topic are presented, the analysis of which has shown a more active use of integral indicators of water-erosion processes in foreign scientific works. Urgency of updating methodology for studying erosion processes has been substantiated. Theoretical foundations of the application of integral models of soil erosion are given, the application of the RUSLE model is substantiated, and the optimal way of using this model is proposed. The research methodology has been developed, consisting of primary processing of remote sensing data, calculation of the factors of erosion development and creation of a territory erosion hazard integrated map. Based on the processing of aerial photography materials, a point cloud, a digital elevation model and an orthomosaic map of the study area were created. The results of the geoinformation analysis of the remote sensing data, which included calculation of the soil erodibility factor and the topographic factor, are presented. Based on the integral indicator of watererosion hazard, a complex map of the erosion hazard of the territory has been created. Main patterns of geographical distribution of the values of the integral indicator of the water-erosion hazard of the territory are revealed, devised methodology is assessed. It was found that the schematic map reflects the general pattern of water erosion processes: they are more active in places where more dissected relief is spread. Influence of the soil factor on the pattern of the schematic map is shown: the pattern in the territories occupied by sod-podzolic loamy soils qualitatively differs from the pattern on the lands where sod-podzolic sandy loam soils are widespread. Patterns on the schematic map of different parts of the developed linear forms of relief, formed by temporary streams, are described. It is shown that the proposed method can be used to assess the water-erosion hazard of the territory. The need to take into account a larger number of factors and to refine the assessment of existing ones is concluded.
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Oliveira, Bianca Souza de, Antonio Conceição Paranhos Filho, and Eliane Guaraldo. "Identification of erosive processes with free geotechnologies." Terr Plural 16 (September 2022): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5212/terraplural.v.16.2219806.023.
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Linear erosion is one of the types of water erosion that cause the most environmental problems due to the concentration of water flows that has great potential for land degradation. This work aims to identify areas of eroded soil that occur in the Paraíso River Watershed using free geotechnologies through the vectorization of erosion identified through the analysis of high spatial resolution satellite images freely available on the Google Earth platform. The results obtained point out that in the Paraíso River watershed most of the linear erosions are furrow-type features, the mildest form of this type of erosive process. A total of 463 erosion axes were identified, composed of furrows, ravines, and gullies. The temporal monitoring of images has elucidated the origin of the silting identified in a stretch of the Paraíso River near the MS-316 highway. Thus, the availability of high spatial resolution satellite images associated with the resources available for processing spatial data makes it possible to analyze extensive areas and identify erosive processes with greater agility, helping to identify the measures to be adopted to contain and/or recover the sites affected by this environmental problem.
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Bathrellos, G. D., H. D. Skilodimou, and K. G. Chousianitis. "SOIL EROSION ASSESMENT IN SOUTHERN EVIA ISLAND USING USLE AND GIS." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 43, no. 3 (January 24, 2017): 1572. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.11331.
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In the present study the evaluation of soil erosion in Southern Evia Island was carried out. Data related with precipitation, morphology, land cover and lithology were collected. A spatial database was created and the further processing of the collected data was prepared using GIS. The Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) was used to predict the spatial distribution of the average annual rate of erosion. Five major factors were used to calculate the soil loss. These are rainfall erositivity (R), soil erodibility (K), slope length and steepness (LS), cropping management (C) and conservation supporting practice (P). Each factor is the numerical estimate of a specific condition that affects the severity of soil erosion. The obtained soil loss values were used to create the erosion risk map. The applied methodology provides a cost effected and rapid estimation of areas that are vulnerable to soil erosion and need immediate attention from soil conservation point of view. Moreover these results can be used to assist land use planning.
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SHTYKOV, Valery I., Andrey B. PONOMAREV, and Yury G. YANKO. "Discussing the calculation of erosion rates in the design of filtering structures in cohesive soils." Proceedings of Petersburg Transport University 2021, no. 2 (June 2021): 303–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.20295/1815-588x-2021-2-303-312.
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Objective: To develop a method for calculating erosion rates in the place of contact of filtering structures with cohesive soils. Methods: Previously at the VNIIG n. a. B. E. Vedeneev, hydrodynamic and strength criteria of contact suffusion were established concerning hydraulic structures. However, there were no calculated dependencies for determining the critical Reynolds number and, accordingly, the critical velocity for coarse-grained materials. Through special processing of experimental data on filtration in non-cavity drain fillers of various grades, it was possible to integrate numerous curves into a single one, making it possible to isolate the transient regime boundaries and obtain a formula for the critical Reynolds number. This made it possible to calculate the critical rate. As a result, a formula was obtained for calculating the erosion rate. Results: The calculated dependencies made it possible to determine the critical rate for the filler material and the erosion rate at the contact boundary between the filtering structure and the soil, based on the initial data of the coarse-grained material from which the filtering structures are made, and the characteristics of the soils in which they are built. Practical importance: The proposed calculation method made it possible to: 1) establish whether the manifestations of erosion by the filtration flow are possible in the place of contact of the filtering structure with the soil; 2) develop measures to eliminate erosion. Geotextile material can be laid along the border of the contact of the filtering structure with the soil, or a finer material can be used as a filler in the filtering structure, the actual filtration flow rates in which will be less than the erosional rates. In this case, the erosion rates in the place of contact with the finer material will increase.
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Dahal, Roshan. "Soil Erosion Estimation Using RUSLE Modeling and Geospatial Tool: Case Study of Kathmandu District, Nepal." Forestry: Journal of Institute of Forestry, Nepal 17 (December 23, 2020): 118–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/forestry.v17i0.33627.
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Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model is applied in this study to evaluate the risk of erosion in Kathmandu district. The calculation of erosion requires certain data from various sources available in different formats and scales. Geographic Information System (GIS) was used which allowed considerable time savings in the processing of spatial data, screening the effects of each factor affecting soil erosion. Among various erosion factors, topography, rainfall, soil properties, and soil conservation practices were used for the study. Average soil loss was calculated by multiplying these factors. Final results of soil erosion rates were separated into six classes based on erosion severity, in which 2.18% of land (> 80Mg ha-1yr-1), followed by 2.85% of land (40-80 Mg ha-1yr-1), 5.56% of land (20-40 Mg ha-1yr-1), 8.73% of land (10-20 Mg ha-1yr-1), 10.53% of land (5-10 Mg ha-1yr-1) and 70.14% of land (0-5 Mg ha-1yr-1), falls under very severe, severe, very high, moderate and low severity zone respectively. Area having high slope length (LS) factor has high erosion rate. In Dakshinkali, Nagarjun and Budanilkantha area, there is high erosion rate. From the result, spatial distribution of soil erosion across Kathmandu district, can be applied for management and controlling the erosion.
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Csáfordi, Péter, Andrea Pődör, Jan Bug, and Zoltán Gribovsyki. "Soil Erosion Analysis in a Small Forested Catchment Supported by ArcGIS Model Builder." Acta Silvatica et Lignaria Hungarica 8, no. 1 (December 1, 2012): 39–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10303-012-0004-5.
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Abstract - To implement the analysis of soil erosion with the USLE in a GIS environment, a new workflow has been developed with the ArcGIS Model Builder. The aim of this four-part framework is to accelerate data processing and to ensure comparability of soil erosion risk maps. The first submodel generates the stream network with connected catchments, computes slope conditions and the LS factor in USLE based on the DEM. The second submodel integrates stream lines, roads, catchment boundaries, land cover, land use, and soil maps. This combined dataset is the basis for the preparation of other USLE-factors. The third submodel estimates soil loss, and creates zonal statistics of soil erosion. The fourth submodel classifies soil loss into categories enabling the comparison of modelled and observed soil erosion. The framework was applied in a small forested catchment in Hungary. Although there is significant deviation between the erosion of different land covers, the predicted specific soil loss does not increase above the tolerance limit in any area unit. The predicted surface soil erosion in forest subcompartments mostly depends on the slope conditions.
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Pickup, G., and VH Chewings. "Mapping and Forecasting Soil Erosion Patterns from Landsat on a Microcomputer-based Image Processing Facility." Rangeland Journal 8, no. 1 (1986): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj9860057.
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The paper summarises recent work in the development and implementation of broad scale conceptual and mathematical models of the soil erosion process in flat arid lands. The conceptual model is based on erosion cell behaviour. Its mathematical counterpart is the simultaneous autoregressive random field model recently developed for image modelling.The data used in the mathematical model are derived by transforming standard Landsat MSS data to produce a soil stability index. Practical application of the methods requires the appropriate computer software and an image processing facility. The erosion modelling routines have therefore been implemented as part of a user- friendly microcomputer based image processing package which is now available commercially. The package runs on an IBM XT or AT computer using a Vectrix graphics board and the hardware includes high resolution display and hard copy facilities. Both hardware and software cost less than $30,000 making it ~ossible to decentralise image processing technology to branch offices of government departments or to agricultural consultants.
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Kemper, H., G. Kemper, and T. Klaumuenzner. "SOIL EROSION CALCULATION USING AERIAL IMAGES BASED DTM IN A CROSS BORDER VINERY REGION." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B2-2022 (May 30, 2022): 1041–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b2-2022-1041-2022.
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Abstract. This paper shows the effect of different terrain models extracted out of nadir and oblique aerial surveyed data and the processing to DTM with respect to soil erosion risk evaluation. A cross border area between Germany and France, close to the city of Wissembourg, was affected by soil-erosion several times in the past. Vineyards aligned with the slope improve the risk for soil erosion. Applying the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) in GIS-environment highlights areas of higher or lower risk in order to assist in strategies for a better the soil loss prevention. The lack of sufficient soil data limits the spatial resolution of the study and details given are mainly provided through the very dense terrain model. Nevertheless, terrain is one of the major factors defined in the slope angle and slope length.
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Liu, Yang, Junhui Liu, Yingjuan Zheng, Yulin Kang, Su Ma, and Jianan Zhou. "Tracking Changing Evidence of Water Erosion in Ordos Plateau, China Using the Google Earth Engine." Land 11, no. 12 (December 15, 2022): 2309. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11122309.
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Ordos Plateau is one of the primary sources of sediment in the Yellow River, and changes in regional soil erosion directly affect the ecological status of the lower reaches of the Yellow River. Many recent studies have been published using remote sensing (RS) and geographic information systems (GIS) to evaluate soil erosion. In this study, much satellite remote sensing data in the Google Earth Engine (GEE) can better track soil erosion protection, which is significant in guiding the ecological protection and restoration of the Ordos Plateau and the Yellow River basin. In this study, we used GEE to observe the changes in soil erosion in the Ordos area from 2013 to 2021. The Theil–Sen procedure and Mann–Kendall significance test methods were used to evaluate the trend of land erosion in the Ordos area from 2013 to 2021. Based on GEE, the RUSLE is applied to evaluate soil erosion and analyze the changing trend. As a result, (1) we found that the annual change of soil and water loss in the Ordos Plateau showed three stages: 2013–2015, 2016–2018, and 2018–2021. After 2018, soil loss decreased from 14 × 1017 Mg in 2018 to 4 × 1017 Mg in 2021, which indicates that the environmental restoration project started in 2018 has achieved encouraging results. (2) The results showed that 40.9% of the regional soil erosion trend showed a significant decline, and 45.7% of the regional soil erosion trend showed a slight decline. Only 13.3% of the regional soil erosion is on the rise. (3) The test results of different land use types show that 87.3% of soil erosion occurs in bare and cultivated land. Because the terrain of Ordos is relatively flat, 95.39–96.17% of soil erosion occurs in areas with a slope of 0 to 5. (4) The reliability of the RUSLE model based on the GEE platform is proved by regression model verification of observation data and model prediction results. (5) GEE’s cloud-based features can provide data and scripts to users in developing countries which lack sufficient observation data or the necessary computing resources to develop these data. The results show that GEE has robust analysis and processing ability, can analyze a large amount of data, and can provide efficient digital products for soil erosion research.
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Podhrázská, Jana, Josef Kučera, Filip Chuchma, Tomáš Středa, and Hana Středová. "Effect of changes in some climatic factors on wind erosion risks – the case study of South Moravia." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 61, no. 6 (2013): 1829–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201361061829.
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The intensity of wind erosion is determined by climatic factors (wind direction and wind speed, precipitation, temperature, humidity, presence of negative temperatures), soil and geological factors (geological composition of the area, the size and shape of soil particles, soil moisture, soil structure, mechanical stability of soil), vegetation factors (vegetation cover, crop residues), geomorphological factors (shape and distribution of the slopes, the incidence planes and leeward sites) and anthropogenic factors (length and orientation of land, farming, irrigation). Potential exposure of the wind erosion can be expressed through indexes of soil susceptibility to wind erosion in conjunction with the effects of climatic factors. In connection with the fluctuating values of climatic factors induced by climate changes, differences can be expected to occur also in the size of areas threatened by wind erosion. One of the areas, most endangered by wind erosion in the Czech Republic, is South Moravia. In this region there was performed the regionalization of localities, endangered by wind erosion. This paper presents results of analysis the erosion risks according to climatic and soil characteristics statistically processed for the period from 1901–1950. These are then compared with areas endangered by wind erosion that were established based on the updated set of climatic data and its statistical processing from the period of years 1961–2000. The results are processed into map outputs by using GIS.
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Сабиров and Ayrat Sabirov. "ORGANIZATION OF FOREST SOILS MONITORING." Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 11, no. 3 (October 31, 2016): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/22673.
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The impact of productive activity of human on the ecological balance of nature. Ecological functions of soils of forest biogeocenoses. Regional features of the ecosystems functioning, soil formation factors. Organization of the soil cover state monitoring. Environmental monitoring of forest soils. Objectives of soil monitoring of forest ecosystems. Collection of the available information on forest ecosystems. Choice of monitoring objects. Soil and environmental hospitals. Fixed trial areas. Long-term and seasonal observations of soil properties. Temporary trial areas. Soil monitoring on the route courses. The use of satellite imagery in the environmental assessment of erosive landscapes. Controlled soil indicators. Research methods of soil properties and composition of pollutants. Processing of experimental data using information technology. Mathematical models of the spread of pollutants, the interrelation between soil indicators (in the soil), between soil properties and indicators of the characteristic of forest, the evolution of forest soil. Small-scale and medium-scale regional maps of land erosion, soil contamination by chemicals. Large-scale maps of physical degradation of soils, the content of macronutrients and micronutrients, acidity, humus condition of soils. Maps are accompanied by an explanatory note (soil sketch). Maximum permissible amount of the chemicals (maximum allowable concentrations) polluting the soil. Maximum permissible loading on forest soils under anthropogenic impact. Rational use and protection of forest ecosystems.
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Vieira, D. A. N., S. M. Dabney, and D. C. Yoder. "Distributed soil loss estimation system including ephemeral gully development and tillage erosion." Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 367 (March 3, 2015): 80–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-367-80-2015.
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Abstract. A new modelling system is being developed to provide spatially-distributed runoff and soil erosion predictions for conservation planning that integrates the 2D grid-based variant of the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation, version 2 model (RUSLER), the Ephemeral Gully Erosion Estimator (EphGEE), and the Tillage Erosion and Landscape Evolution Model (TELEM). Digital representations of the area of interest (field, farm or entire watershed) are created using high-resolution topography and data retrieved from established databases of soil properties, climate, and agricultural operations. The system utilizes a library of processing tools (LibRaster) to deduce surface drainage from topography, determine the location of potential ephemeral gullies, and subdivide the study area into catchments for calculations of runoff and sheet-and-rill erosion using RUSLER. EphGEE computes gully evolution based on local soil erodibility and flow and sediment transport conditions. Annual tillage-induced morphological changes are computed separately by TELEM.
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Wang, Wei, Alim Samat, Yongxiao Ge, Long Ma, Abula Tuheti, Shan Zou, and Jilili Abuduwaili. "Quantitative Soil Wind Erosion Potential Mapping for Central Asia Using the Google Earth Engine Platform." Remote Sensing 12, no. 20 (October 19, 2020): 3430. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12203430.
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A lack of long-term soil wind erosion data impedes sustainable land management in developing regions, especially in Central Asia (CA). Compared with large-scale field measurements, wind erosion modeling based on geospatial data is an efficient and effective method for quantitative soil wind erosion mapping. However, conventional local-based wind erosion modeling is time-consuming and labor-intensive, especially when processing large amounts of geospatial data. To address this issue, we developed a Google Earth Engine-based Revised Wind Erosion Equation (RWEQ) model, named GEE-RWEQ, to delineate the Soil Wind Erosion Potential (SWEP). Based on the GEE-RWEQ model, terabytes of Remote Sensing (RS) data, climate assimilation data, and some other geospatial data were applied to produce monthly SWEP with a high spatial resolution (500 m) across CA between 2000 and 2019. The results show that the mean SWEP is in good agreement with the ground observation-based dust storm index (DSI), satellite-based Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD), and Absorbing Aerosol Index (AAI), confirming that GEE-RWEQ is a robust wind erosion prediction model. Wind speed factors primarily determined the wind erosion in CA (r = 0.7, p < 0.001), and the SWEP has significantly increased since 2011 because of the reversal of global terrestrial stilling in recent years. The Aral Sea Dry Lakebed (ASDLB), formed by shrinkage of the Aral Sea, is the most severe wind erosion area in CA (47.29 kg/m2/y). Temporally, the wind erosion dominated by wind speed has the largest spatial extent of wind erosion in Spring (MAM). Meanwhile, affected by the spatial difference of the snowmelt period in CA, the wind erosion hazard center moved from the southwest (Karakum Desert) to the middle of CA (Kyzylkum Desert and Muyunkum Desert) during spring. According to the impacts of land cover change on the spatial dynamic of wind erosion, the SWEP of bareland was the highest, while that of forestland was the lowest.
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Gunawan, Gusta, Dwita Sutjiningsih, Herr Soeryantono, and Soelistiyoweni Widjanarko. "Soil Erosion Prediction Using GIS and Remote Sensing on Manjunto Watershed Bengkulu, Indonesia." JOURNAL OF TROPICAL SOILS 18, no. 2 (June 10, 2013): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2013.v18i2.141-148.
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The study aims to assess the rate of erosion that occurred in Manjunto Watershed and financial loss using Geographic Information System and Remote Sensing. Model used to determine the erosion is E30 models. The basis for the development of this model is to integrate with the slope of the slope between NDVI. The value of NDVI obtained from satellite imagery. Slope factor obtained through the DEM processing. To determine the amount of economic losses caused by erosion used the shadow prices. The amount of nutrients lost converted to fertilizer price. The results showed that the eroded catchment area has increased significantly. The rate of average annual erosion in the watershed Manjunto in 2000 amounted to 3 Mg ha-1 yr-1. The average erosion rate in the watershed Manjunto annual increase to 27 Mg ha-1 yr-1 in the year 2009. Economic losses due to erosion in 2009 was Rp200,000,- for one hectare. Total losses due to erosion for the total watershed area is Rp15,918,213,133, -. The main factor causing the high rate of erosion is high rainfall, slope and how to grow crops that do not pay attention to the rules of conservation.Keywords: Soil erosion, digital elevation model, GIS, remote sensing, valuation erosion[How to Cite: Gunawan G, D Sutjiningsih, H Soeryantono and S Widjanarko. 2013.Soil Erosion Prediction Using GIS and Remote Sensing on Manjunto Watershed Bengkulu-Indonesia. J Trop Soils 18 (2): 141-148. Doi: 10.5400/jts.2013.18.2.141][Permalink/DOI: www.dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2013.18.2.141]REFERENCESAksoy E, G Ozsoy and MS Dirim. 2009. Soil mapping approach in GIS using Landsat satellite imagery and DEM data. Afr J Agric Res 4: 1295-1302.Ananda J and G Herath. 2003. Soil erosion in developing countries: a socio-economic appraisal. J Environ Manage 68: 343-353.Ananda J, G Herath and A Chisholm. 2001. Determination of yield and Erosion Damage Functions Using Subjectivly Elicited Data: application to Smallholder Tea in Sri Lanka. Aust J Agric Resour Ec 45: 275-289.Ande OT, Y Alaga and GA Oluwatosin. 2009. Soil erosion prediction using MMF model on highly dissected hilly terrain of Ekiti environs in southwestern Nigeria. Int J Phys Sci 4: 053-057.Arnold JG, BA Engel and R Srinivasan. 1998. A continuous time grid cell watershed model. Proc. of application of Advanced Technology for management of Natural Resources.Arsyad S. 2010. Konservasi Tanah dan Air. IPB Press. Bogor-Indonesia (in Indonesian).Asdak C.1995. Hydrology and Watershed Management. Gadjah Mada University Press, Yogyakarta.Barlin RD and ID Moore. 1994. Role of buffer strips in management of waterway pollution: a review. Environ Manage 18: 543-58.Brough PA.1986. Principle of Geographical Information Systems For Land Resources Assessment. Oxford University Press, 194p.Clark B and J Wallace. 2003. Global connections: Canadian and world issues. Toronto, Canada: Pearson Education Canada, Inc.Cochrane T A and DC Flanagan. 1999. Assessing water erosion in small watershed using WEPP with GIS and digital elevation models. J Soil Water Conserv 54: 678 685.Dames TWg. 1955. The Soils of East Central Java; with a Soil Map 1:250,000. Balai Besar Penjelidikan Pertanian, Bogor, Indonesia.Dixon JA, LF Scura, RA Carpenter and PB Sherman. 2004. Economic Analysis of Environmental Impacts 2nd ed. Eartscans Publication Ltd., London.Fistikoglu O and NB Harmancioglu. 2002. Integration of GIS with USLE in Assessment of Soil Erosion. Water Resour Manage 16: 447-467.Green K. 1992. Spatial imagery and GIS: integrated data for natural resource management. J Forest 90: 32-36.Hazarika MK and H Honda. 2001. Estimation of Soil Erosion Using Remote Sensing and GIS, Its Valuation & Economic Implications on Agricultural Productions. The 10th International Soil Conservation Organization Meeting at Purdue University and the USDA-ARS Soil Erosion Research Laboratory.Hazarika S, R Parkinson, R Bol, L Dixon, P Russell, S Donovan and D Allen. 2009. Effect of tillage system and straw management on organic matter dynamics. Agron Sustain Develop 29: 525-533. doi: 10.1051/agro/2009024. Honda KL, A Samarakoon, Y Ishibashi, Mabuchi and S Miyajima.1996. Remote Sensing and GIS technologies for denudation estimation in Siwalik watershed of Nepal,p. B21-B26. Proc. 17th Asian Conference on Remote Sensing, Colombo, Sri lanka.Kefi M and K Yoshino. 2010. Evaluation of The Economic Effects of Soil Erosion Risk on Agricultural Productivity Using Remote Sensing: Case of Watershed in Tunisia. International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Science, Volume XXXVIII, Part 8, Kyoto Japan.Kefi M, K Yoshino, K Zayani and H Isoda. 2009. Estimation of soil loss by using combination of Erosion Model and GIS: case of study watersheds in Tunisia. J Arid Land Stud 19: 287-290.Lal R. 1998. Soil erosion impact on agronomic productivity and environment quality: Critical Review. Plant Sci 17: 319-464.Lal. 2001. Soil Degradation by Erosion. Land Degrad Develop12: 519-539.Lanya I. 1996. Evaluasi Kualitas lahan dan Produktivitas Lahan Kering Terdegradasi di Daerah Transmigrasi WPP VII Rengat Kabupaten Indragiri Hulu, Riau. [Disertasi Doktor]. Program Pasca Sarjana IPB, Bogor (in Indonesian).Mermut AR and H Eswaran. 2001. Some major developments in soil science since the mid 1960s. Geoderma 100: 403-426.Mongkolsawat C, P Thurangoon and Sriwongsa.1994. Soil erosion mapping with USLE and GIS. Proc. Asian Conf. Rem. Sens., C-1-1 to C-1-6.Morgan RPC, Morgan DDV and Finney HJ. 1984. A predictive model for the assessment of erosion risk. J Agric Eng Res 30: 245-253.Morgan RPC. 2005. Soil Erosion and Conservation. 3rd ed. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing Co.Panuju DR, F Heidina, BH Trisasongko, B Tjahjono, A Kasno, AHA Syafril. 2009. Variasi nilai indeks vegetasi MODIS pada siklus pertumbuhan padi. J.Ilmiah Geomat. 15, 9-16 (in Indonesian).Pimentel D, C Harvey, P Resosudarmo, K. Sinclair, D Kurz, M Mc Nair, S Christ, L Shpritz, L Fitton, R Saffouri and R Balir. 1995. Environmental and Economic Costs of Soil Erosion and Conservation Benefits. Science 267: 1117-1123.Saha SK and LM Pande. 1993. Integrated approach towards soil erosion inventory for environmental conservation using satellite and agrometeorological data. Asia Pac Rem Sens J 5: 21-28.Saha SK, Kudrat M and Bhan SK.1991. Erosional soil loss prediction using digital satellitee data and USLE. In: S Murai (ed). Applications of Remote Sensing in Asia and Oceania – Environmental Change Monitoring. Asian Association of Remote Sensing, pp. 369-372.Salehi MH, Eghbal MK and Khademi H. 2003. Comparison of soil variability in a detailed and a reconnaissance soil map in central Iran. Geoderma 111: 45-56.Soil Survey Staff. 1998. Keys to Soil Taxonomy. Eighth Edition. United States Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service. Washington, D.C.
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Ratnasari, Luthfiya, and Fara Nabila Rossa. "GIS Application for Modelling Erosion Hazard in Batam Island." Journal of Applied Geospatial Information 6, no. 1 (March 16, 2022): 557–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.30871/jagi.v6i1.3919.
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Soil erosion disaster is a disaster that occurs simultaneously with landslide events that occur due to the destruction of the soil layer which then causes erosion followed by landslides. The phenomenon of land erosion occurs due to high rainfall, the influence of slopes and slope length, as well as due to development resources according to Mamarodia (2014). Erosion can also occur due to land degradation, namely the loss of organic matter and nutrients from the root area, this study aims to determine the erosion hazard model in Batam Island which can be displayed in the form of a RUSLE model by utilizing a geographic information system (GIS). The data used in the form of slope maps, land use maps, maps of soil types and rainfall maps on Batam Island using the data processing method used is the RUSLE method to provide information in the form of erosion hazard categories and produce a two-dimensional erosion hazard model map. The result is a map of the erosion hazard model in a two-dimensional form with categories obtained from the combination of the four maps that have been classified. The results of this research are information on the area of soil erosion with very light categories (24,200.42 Ha), light (5,488, 20 Ha), medium (5,100.42 Ha), heavy (3,029.43 Ha), and very heavy (2,929.64 ha) spread over Batam Island. The slope with the highest slope height is class 129,284 ft to 148,627 ft, and the lowest height elevation is in class -6,11 ft to 13,232 ft. the Batam area tends to have an area with an elevation of 13,232 ft to an altitude of 32,574 ft.
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Guiney, Rebecca, Elettra Santucci, Samuel Valman, Adam Booth, Andrew Birley, Ian Haynes, Stuart Marsh, and Jon Mills. "Integration and Analysis of Multi-Modal Geospatial Secondary Data to Inform Management of at-Risk Archaeological Sites." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 9 (August 24, 2021): 575. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10090575.
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Climate change poses an imminent physical risk to cultural heritage sites and their surrounding landscape through intensifying environmental processes such as damaging wetting and drying cycles that disrupt archaeological preservation conditions, and soil erosion which threatens to expose deposits and alter the archaeological context of sites. In the face of such threats, geospatial techniques such as GIS, remote sensing, and spatial modelling have proved invaluable tools for archaeological research and cultural heritage monitoring. This paper presents the application of secondary multi-source and multi-temporal geospatial data within a processing framework to provide a comprehensive assessment of geophysical risk to the Roman fort of Magna, Carvoran, UK. An investigation into the ancient hydraulic system at Magna was carried out with analysis of vegetation change over time, and spatio-temporal analysis of soil erosion risk at the site. Due to COVID-19 restrictions in place at the time of this study, these analyses were conducted using only secondary data with the aim to guide further archaeological research, and management and monitoring strategies for the stakeholders involved. Results guided inferences about the ancient hydraulic system, providing insights regarding how to better manage the site at Magna in the future. Analysis of soil erosion allowed the identification of hot spot areas, indicating a future increase in rates of erosion at Magna and suggesting a seasonal period of higher risk of degradation to the site. Results have proven that freely available multi-purpose national-scale datasets are sufficient to create meaningful insights into archaeological sites where physical access to the site is inhibited. This infers the potential to carry out preliminary risk assessment to inform future site management practices.
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Jakubínský, Jiří, Vilém Pechanec, Jan Procházka, and Pavel Cudlín. "Modelling of Soil Erosion and Accumulation in an Agricultural Landscape—A Comparison of Selected Approaches Applied at the Small Stream Basin Level in the Czech Republic." Water 11, no. 3 (February 26, 2019): 404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11030404.
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This article deals with the modelling of erosion and accumulation processes in the contemporary cultural landscape of Central Europe. The area of interest is the headwater part of the small stream catchment—the Kopaninský Stream in central Czech Republic. It is an agricultural and forest–agricultural landscape with a relatively rugged topography and riverbed slope, which makes the terrain very vulnerable to water erosion. The main aim of this article is to compare the results of four selected soil erosion and sediment delivery models, which are currently widely used to quantitate the soil erosion and sediment accumulation rates, respectively. The models WaTEM/SEDEM, USPED, InVEST and TerrSet work on several different algorithms. The model outputs are compared in terms of the total volume of eroded and accumulated sediment within the catchment per time unit, and further according to the spatial distribution of sites susceptible to soil loss or sediment accumulation. Although each model is based partly on a specific calculation algorithm and has different data pre-processing requirements, we have achieved relatively comparable results in calculating the average annual soil loss and accumulation. However, each model is distinct in identifying the spatial distribution of specific locations prone to soil loss or accumulation processes.
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Maliuha, V. M., and V. V. Minder. "Age periods of the development of protective forest plantations in the restoration of eroded ravine and ravine lands." Ukrainian Journal of Forest and Wood Science 12, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 6–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31548/forest2021.02.001.
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At present, high-level attention is paid to the issues of the role, significance, optimal use of soils, their protection and combating degradation. By introducing the Sustainable Development Goals at the national level, Ukraine is obliged to introduce new programs and projects that, in practice, will have macroeconomic stability, ecological balance and social cohesion. During scientific research on the multifunctional role of protective forest plantations, which at one time were created on eroded territories, which include gully-ravine lands, to revive the properties of soils, work was carried out to substantiate their regenerative function. To achieve this goal, 90 soil-forest typological stations were established in erosion control plantations of various periods of plant growth and development with the selection of 270 soil samples. A study of their water-physical and agrochemical properties was carried out with the processing of the data obtained by statistical methods. Based on the analysis of scientific literary sources, the study of successful production experience and our own research on anti-erosion plantations to determine their impact on soil properties and the environment, qualitative stages of the ecological restoration of eroded soils have been developed. Changes in the age periods of growth and development of woody plants in protective forest plantations created on gully-ravine lands lead to a gradual step-by-step ecological restoration of eroded soils. Thus, a clear correlation of the age periods of growth and development of woody plants with the qualitative stages of ecological restoration of eroded soils was obtained. The selection of research objects provided for taking into account the same technology for creating anti-erosion plantings, growth and development in the same conditions, corresponding to five age periods of growth and development of woody plants. In each age period, qualitative changes occur during the growth and development of the vegetation cover, as well as quantitative changes in indicators characterizing the properties of the soil, which are presented in comparison with the control, which is the pasture. The main functions of these plantings are presented. Attention is paid to all age periods of growth and development of anti-erosion plantings in terms of forest measures for the successful cultivation of anti-erosion plantings and their effective action. The stages of ecological restoration of eroded territories are clearly consistent with the identified age periods. The prospects for understanding the process of restoring protective vegetation cover, including forest plantations, and their direct impact on the properties of eroded soils are opening up. Keywords: erosion processes, eroded soils, anti-erosion role, periods of development, qualitative stages, soil properties, hydraulic roughness.
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Bitner, A. K., D. O. Gafurov, O. M. Gafurov, N. V. Myshevskiy, E. V. Temenyova, A. O. Gafurov, and A. V. Samkov. "HYDROCARBON PROSPECTS OF THE CHULAKANSKAYA AREA IN THE KRANOYARSK TERRITORY ACCORDING TO GEOCHEMICAL DATA." Geology and mineral resources of Siberia, no. 1 (March 2022): 26–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.20403/2078-0575-2022-1-26-35.
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Soil vapor survey o soil deposits exposed by erosion has been carried out on the Chulakanskaya area. The areal migration arch-like anomalous zone coinciding with the Chulakan uplift and the semicircular zone around the East Chulakan uplift have been mapped. The field of increased helium concentrations reflects elem of deep fault tectonics. The deposits prediction was conducted on the basis of the neural network modeling by the mathematical apparatus technique; the forecast is correlated with specified uplifts. The presence of the hydrocarbon migration shows on the Chulakanskaya area and the results of statistical processing of geochemical data indicate the possible existence of gas condensate accumulations with oil rims similar to the Sobinskoye one. The area is recommended for exploratory drilling.
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Šurjanac, Nenad, Vukašin Milčanović, Siniša Polovina, Jovana Cvetković, and Ivana Živanović. "Application of multispectral sensor in quantification of Soil Protection Coefficient (Xa) in Erosion Potential Method." Sustainable Forestry: Collection, no. 85-86 (2022): 169–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/sustfor2285169s.
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In this paper, Soil Protection Coefficient (Xa) was quantified through the approach of high resolution multispectral orthomosaic segmentation and classification. The approach was presented in the example of ski lane in ski center Kopaonik. The data collection was performed through application of Unmanned Aerial System equipped with 5band multispectral sensor and RGB sensor. Data processing was performed with digital photogrammetric and Object Based Image Analyses software. The Soil Protection Coefficient represents the descriptive and very sensitive parameter of Erosion Potential Method. Application of 5 spectral bands, of which 2 bands are very sensitive to the type of land use /land cover allowed precise detection, delineation and classification of different land cover/use types. These types were directly tied to the values of Xa coefficient which were originally proposed by the author of the Erosion Potential Method, professor Slobodan Gavrilović. The final result was a georeferenced digital map classified with both land cover/use and Xa values classes. This approach created the potential to use such maps for further analyses, planning, and modeling of erosion protection measures.
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Diarra, B. "Modeling of soil erosion by water in the provinces of Sikasso and Koulikoro (Republic of Mali)." Anthropogenic Transformation of Nature 7, no. 2 (2021): 36–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2410-8553-2021-2-36-48.
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Soil along water is arguably the most precious resource on the planet. In addition to its economic benefits, soil provides critical biological services [7]. Despite its pillar functions for society, soil is often overlooked and thus is subjected to degradation and erosion. Soil erosion represents a serious global threat to land, freshwater, and oceans [3]. In Western Africa, erosion is perceived as a critical threat to the livelihoods of millions of people. This study attempts to assess and map the potential annual soil loss in the provinces of Sikasso and Koulikoro (republic of Mali). Spatial modeling of soil loss by rainfall for the year 2018 was provided using rainfall data derived from the European Joint Re-search Center, the Soil Map of the World (FAO), digital elevation model (SRTM), vegetation activity (MODIS / Terra). Methods of calculation were based on the Remote Sensing and the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE). The Geoinformation processing of the RUSLE subcomponents involved the use of the LS-factor algorithm of the Sys-tem for Automated Geoscientific Analyses (SAGA) and the Raster calculator of the ArcGIS tool box. The potential soil loss within the area ranged from 0.02 ton/ha/year to 98.87 tons/ha/year with a mean of 1.63 ton/ha/year. The spatial pattern of the erosion showed a rate of 0.02 to 1 ton/ha/year for 39% of the territory, 1 to 3 tons/ha/year for 47.58%, while 0.01% experienced a rate of more than 50 tons/ha/year. This study despite its match with the result of the global soil loss by water established by Borreli et al (2020) [3], needs to be verified by direct measurements.
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Janeček, Miloslav, Vít Květoň, Eliška Kubátová, Dominika Kobzová, Michaela Vošmerová, and Jana Chlupsová. "Values of rainfall erosivity factor for the Czech Republic." Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics 61, no. 2 (June 1, 2013): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/johh-2013-0013.
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Abstract The processing of ombrographic data from 29 meteorological stations of the Czech Hydrometeorological Institute (CHMI), according to the terms of the Universal Soil Loss Equation for calculating long term loss of soil through water erosion, erosion hazard rains and their occurrence have been selected, with their relative amount and erosiveness - R-Factors determined for each month and years. By comparing the value of the time division of the R-Factor in the area of the Czech Republic and in selected areas of the USA it has been demonstrated that this division may be applied in the conditions of the Czech Republic. For the Czech Republic it is recommended to use the average value R = 40 based on the original evaluation.
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Polovina, Sinisa, Boris Radic, Ratko Ristic, and Vukasin Milcanovic. "Spatial and temporal analysis of natural resources degradation in the Likodra River watershed." Bulletin of the Faculty of Forestry, no. 114 (2016): 169–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsf1614169p.
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Soil is an important natural resource whose proper use requires a good knowledge of all endogenous and exogenous factors that cause different types of degradation. Erosion is one of the forms of soil degradation. Erosion processes are characterized by a distinctive complexity and the factors affecting them are dynamics and change in space and time. A complex system degradation requires a multidisciplinary approach to the use of modern methods and techniques. Today, a large number of models are available for the assessment of soil loss through erosion as well as the levels of risk from erosion, today. Most of these are based on the logics of GIS thanks to its ability to sublimate heterogeneous information. In this paper, the analysis of spatial and temporal degradation of natural resources is carried out in the Likodra River watershed. The Likodra River is located in the northwestern part of the Republic of Serbia, and is positioned in the municipality of Krupanj. The main stream in the immediate vicinity of the town of Krupanj formed from four small streams that have expressed torrential character (the Bogostica with the Krzava and the Cadjavica with the Brstica). In May 2014, the urban area and rural parts of the municipality Krupanj were affected by catastrophic flash floods that resulted in the loss of human lives and enormous material damage. Soil degradation in the study area was analyzed using the Erosion Potential Method (EPM). The method is characterized by a high degree of reliability for determining the intensity of erosion, calculation of sediment yield and transport. The advantage of this method compared to other methods its lower complexity in terms of quantity of input parameters, simplicity and the possibility of application in GIS. In addition, the method has the advantage of choice, because it was developed in this area. The method is based on the analytical processing of data on factors affecting erosion. As the erosion spatial phenomenon appears on the map according to the classification on the basis of the calculated analytical erosion coefficient (Z), which depends on the characteristics of the soil, vegetation cover, relief and visible degree of erosion. By applying the Erosion Potential Method (EPM) an erosion map has been developed, showing the spatial distribution of erosion processes in the catchment area of the Likodra River watershed. The erosion map provides an insight into the state of erosion processes of different intensity and character. For the study basin, all its visible manifestations are manifested in the medium coefficient of erosion Zsr = 0.204. The current state of erosion was analyzed in comparison with the situation in the original 1983 erosion map of FR Serbia.
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Law, Samuel Lik Ging, King Kuok Kuok, Shirley Gato Trinidad, Po Chan Chiu, Md Rezaur Rahman, Muhammad Khusairy Bin Bakri, and Mei Yun Chin. "Experimental Approach to Developing Equatorial Soil Loss Equation." Journal of Hunan University Natural Sciences 49, no. 10 (October 30, 2022): 28–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.55463/issn.1674-2974.49.10.5.
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This paper aims to develop a soil loss equation used within an equatorial climate (2,300 – 6,000 mm of annual rainfall) and hilly terrain based on measured data from the experiment concerning measured erosion outcomes, called Equatorial Soil Loss Equation (EQSLE). The equation under development should consider high equatorial rainfall intensities and challenging topographical conditions, thus introducing the new factors – Equatorial Rainfall Erosivity Factor (Reqt-factor) and Equatorial Slope Length Factor (Leqt-factor). The process included a photogrammetric method and image processing for raindrop size distribution and an experimental plot setup for a length differential study. The final equation has the form of A=Reqt⸱Leqt⸱S⸱K⸱C⸱P for soil erosion estimation in the equatorial region with the involvement slope and hilly terrain. The performance of the Reqt-factor and Leqt-factor are evaluated using the experimental data, and works of literature are carried out for the results. The formation of the two factors has addressed the challenges of high rainfall intensities and extreme terrain conditions faced by Peninsular Malaysia and East Malaysia. In future work, more case studies on the performance of soil loss rate prediction should be conducted to improve the overall performance of EQSLE as well as the respective factors.
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Asensio, Carlos, Francisco Javier Lozano, Pedro Gallardo, and Antonio Giménez. "Soil wind erosion in ecological olive trees in the Tabernas desert (southeastern Spain): a wind tunnel experiment." Solid Earth 7, no. 4 (August 22, 2016): 1233–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-7-1233-2016.
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Abstract. Wind erosion is a key component of the soil degradation processes. The purpose of this study is to find out the influence of material loss from wind on soil properties for different soil types and changes in soil properties in olive groves when they are tilled. The study area is located in the north of the Tabernas Desert, in the province of Almería, southeastern Spain. It is one of the driest areas in Europe, with a semiarid thermo-Mediterranean type of climate. We used a new wind tunnel model over three different soil types (olive-cropped Calcisol, Cambisol and Luvisol) and studied micro-plot losses and deposits detected by an integrated laser scanner. We also studied the image processing possibilities for examining the particles attached to collector plates located at the end of the tunnel to determine their characteristics and whether they were applicable to the setup. Samples collected in the traps at the end of the tunnel were analyzed. We paid special attention to the influence of organic carbon, carbonate and clay contents because of their special impact on soil crusting and the wind-erodible fraction. A principal components analysis (PCA) was carried out to find any relations on generated dust properties and the intensity and behavior of those relationships. Component 1 separated data with high N and OC contents from samples high in fine silt, CO3= and available K content. Component 2 separated data with high coarse silt and clay contents from data with high fine sand content. Component 3 was an indicator of available P2O5 content. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was carried out to analyze the effect of soil type and sampling height on different properties of trapped dust. Calculations based on tunnel data showed overestimation of erosion in soil types and calculation of the fraction of soil erodible by wind done by other authors for Spanish soils. As the highest loss was found in Cambisols, mainly due to the effect on soil crusting and the wind-erodible fraction aggregation of CaCO3, a Stevia rebaudiana cover crop was planted between the rows in this soil type and this favored retention of particles in vegetation.
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CARVALHO, AIRTON MARQUES DE, LUIZ DIEGO VIDAL SANTOS, FRANCISCO SANDRO RODRIGUES HOLANDA, ALCEU PEDROTTI, and GUILHERME MATOS ANTONIO. "DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING FOR EVALUATION OF PASPALUM MILLEGRANA SCHRAD ROOT SYSTEM1." Revista Caatinga 33, no. 1 (March 2020): 100–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252020v33n111rc.
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ABSTRACT The characterization of the plant root system is of great importance for the understanding of its contribution to soil shear resistance, constituting an important tool for decision making in soil bioengineering works. The objective of this work was to evaluate the growth and distribution characteristics of the root system of Paspalum millegrana Schrad. grass in Entisol using Digital Imaging Processing (DIP). The data were obtained by opening a soil pit to expose the root system of Paspalum grass up to 1.70 m depth. The profile wall and volumetric ring methods were used to collect quantitative information of the root system. The SAFIRA software and the ArcMAP software belonging to the ArcGIS suite were used for image processing. The profile wall method showed that Paspalum grass has a large volume of roots in the first 0.40 m to 1.30 m soil depth. It was observed that the root length and volume of Paspalum grass reach depths beyond 1.70 m, which is important to increase soil resistance to erosion processes. The profile wall method when compared to the volumetric ring method proved to be more efficient to understand the behavior of the Paspalum grass root system since it enables an assessment of its spatial distribution with better detailing.
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Xiong, Muqi, Ranhao Sun, and Liding Chen. "Global analysis of support practices in USLE-based soil erosion modeling." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 43, no. 3 (March 13, 2019): 391–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309133319832016.
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Support practices (SPs) influence the magnitude of soil loss and can be readily influenced by human interventions to mitigate soil loss. The SPs factor is expressed as the P-factor in the widely used soil erosion model – the universal soil loss equation (USLE) – and its revised version. Although the effects of SPs on soil erosion are well recognized, the quantification of the P-factor for soil loss modeling remains challenging. This limitation of the P-factor particularly restricts the applicability of USLE-based models at large scales. Here, we analyzed the P-factor values in USLE-based models from 196 published articles. The results were as follows: (a) an increasing trend in the number of studies has been observed in recent years, especially at large scales; (b) the P-factor values for paddy fields, orchards, and croplands were 0.16 ± 0.15, 0.47 ± 0.12, and 0.49 ± 0.21, respectively, and in terms of different types of SPs, the P-factor values for terracing, contouring, and strip-cropping were 0.28 ± 0.18, 0.52 ± 0.24, and 0.49 ± 0.28, respectively; (c) various methods have been developed for P-factor qualification, although the methods that consider SP conditions were most frequently used in studies with relatively smaller areas (< 100 km2), suggesting that USLE-based models are in need of improvement via the quantification of the P-factor, particularly with respect to the regional and global scale; and (d) further improvements of the P-factor for soil erosion modeling should concentrate on building P-factor datasets at the regional level according to data on the effectiveness of SPs on soil loss control based on field experiments in published articles, using advanced image processing techniques based on higher-resolution satellite imagery and developing proxy indicators for P-factors at large scales.
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Chashchin, Aleksey, Iraida Samofalova, and Natalya Mudrykh. "The use of morphometric indicators of the relief for soil mapping of around plants in the conditions of the middle taiga in the northern part of the Perm region." InterCarto. InterGIS 27, no. 4 (2021): 162–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.35595/2414-9179-2021-4-27-162-174.
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The digital elevation model (DEM) matrix allows to reveal the relationship of the soil cover with morphometric parameters. Therefore, in the absence of the possibility of a large-scale field survey of soils, for territories with a high degree of erosion hazard, the data on the relief make it possible to carry out predictive large-scale soil maps. The aim of the work is to create a cartographic model of the soil cover of agricultural land based on the extrapolation of the results of DEM processing and to compare it with the existing large-scale soil map in similar natural conditions. The object of research is the territory of LLC “Selskoe” located in the Solikamsk urban district of the Perm region. Agricultural land use belongs to the northernmost agricultural lands in the region. The total area of research was 429 hectares of arable land. The plot includes 8 fields. For soil mapping, a digital elevation model ALOS 30 and a large-scale soil map of the key site were used, which characterizes part of the land use of the subsidiary farm “Voskhod”. Using the results of the classification of the relief according to the GIS SAGA TPI based landform classification algorithm as a contour base and the existing soil map of the key site, a soil map of LLC “Selskoe” was made by the extrapolation method. The steepness of the slopes and the topographic moisture index were used as auxiliary data. In conditions of complex relief, a clear dependence of the location of soils on relief elements has been established. By extrapolating data from a large-scale soil survey, 10 soil cartographic units were identified. According to the relief elements, podzolic, sod-podzolic, bog-podzolic and alluvial soils were identified. In terms of granulometric composition, light soils prevail, a small area is occupied by medium loamy soils.
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Faria, André Luiz Lopes de, Jorge Xavier da Silva, and Maria Hilde de Barros Goes. "ANÁLISE AMBIENTAL POR GEOPROCESSAMENTO EM ÁREAS COM SUSCEPTIBILIDADE À EROSÃO DO SOLO NA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO RIBEIRÃO DO ESPÍRITO SANTO, JUIZ DE FORA (MG)." Caminhos de Geografia 4, no. 9 (June 29, 2003): 50–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.14393/rcg4915308.
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This geoenvironmental study developed at the watershed of the Ribeirão do Espírito Santo, at municipality of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais State, aimed problematic areas (susceptibility areas Soil Erosion). Electronic data processing was done through SAGA/UFRJ software, where was prepared a diagnosis study of the main issues at watershed level was performed. Conventional techniques and methods such as field surveys, map and Landsat TM image interpretations were used. Thematic maps generated were used to perform an environmental analysis.
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Taryono, T., Sugiharto Budi Santoso, and Yuli Priyana. "Geomorfological Study on the Evaluation of Critical Land in Cepogo, Boyolali, Central Java Province." Forum Geografi 15, no. 2 (December 20, 2016): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/forgeo.v15i2.4576.
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Land is natural resources within processing needs to the wise action in order to give good returns for human and being prevented it’s conservation. In the utility of it’s land this land is proper to the agriculture land have sometime emergedthe environment problems, namely the balance of nature is disturbed. It doesn’t mean that land is forbidden to use, but in the it’s utility purposes this land must be considered it’s capability or it’s balance. If form and manner of using this land doesn’t disturb the natural balance, it means to be guaranted. In the countrary, if form and remain to be guaranted. In the contrary, if form and manner of using this land disregard with it’s capability, then the natural balance is disturbed, the land is called asland within dangerous condition or critical land. The coresponding problem that arises in Kecamatan Cepogo under Boyolali district on the surface level land and southern land resembles the critical land that the most erosion appearance can be found assuch sheet erosion, gully erosion, erosion in the other side, vallage forest, settlement land. Mixing estate and the infertile land. This recent exploration purpose is to understand physical factor that affects the critical land as well as to collect and to clarity the critical land. The used method is survey and laboratory analysis by land unit approach ascartography unit. The adopted data of this research is used the effectively width of soil, texture, soil permeability, soil slope, and soil appearance. From this research is understood that the explorated land has three critical land levels, namely; the medium critical land level is 4411,09 are or 17,48%, the wight critical soil level is 7909,74 are or 12,86% of the whole exploration area wide.
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Toyibulah, Yoga, Fahrunsyah Fahrunsyah, and Hasbiadi Hasbiadi. "Kajian Kesesuaian Lahan Tanaman Padi Sawah di Kecamatan Tanjung Selor Berbasis Sistem Informasi Geografis." JIA (Jurnal Ilmiah Agribisnis) : Jurnal Agribisnis dan Ilmu Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian 7, no. 3 (June 15, 2022): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.37149/jia.v7i2.24044.
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Evaluation of the level of land suitability for rice crops is used in planning agricultural land use so that inhibiting factors and solutions can be found in processing land to be planted. This study aims to evaluate the suitability of land for rice crop plants by implementing a geographic information system that facilitates and accelerates the data processing process so that research output can be used for consideration in land use in Tanjung Selor Subdistrict of Bulungan District. The variable used in this study was temperature, water availability (rainfall), oxygen availability (soil drainage conditions), root media (soil texture), erosion hazard (slope), flood hazard (inundation), and land use. Rainfall data are obtained from the analysis of climate factor data from 2011 to 2020, soil texture data is obtained from field observations and soil maps, slope data were obtained from the Digital Elevation Model in 2014, and land use data is obtained from land-use map interpretation in 2019. Of the seven parameters, four parameters are obtained from the map, namely rainfall map, soil map, slope map, and land use map. Soil sampling and observations in the field in 2021 are carried out to obtain data on temperature, flood hazards, and soil drainage conditions. Based on the results of the analysis of land suitability of rice in Tanjung Selor Subdistrict, 13,65% is suitable marginal, and 86,35% is not suitable for planting rice. Tanjung Selor Subdistrict is dominated by areas that cannot be planted on and can be planted, but the results are less than optimal.
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Landa, M., J. Jeřábek, O. Pešek, and P. Kavka. "SMODERP2D SOIL EROSION MODEL ENTERING AN OPEN SOURCE ERA WITH GPU-BASED PARALLELIZATION." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4/W14 (August 23, 2019): 143–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w14-143-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> SMODERP2D is a runoff-soil erosion physically-based distributed episodic model used for calculation and prediction processes at agricultural areas and small watersheds. The core of the model is a raster based cell-by-cell mass balance calculation which includes the key hydrological processes, such as effective precipitation, surface runoff and stream network routing. Effective precipitation, the forcing of the runoff and erosion processes, is reduced by surface retention and infiltration. Surface runoff consists of two components: slower sheet and concentrated rapid rill flow. Stream network routing is performed line-by-line in the user predefined polyline layer.</p><p>SMODERP is a long-term project driven by the Department of Landscape Water Conservation at the Czech Technical University in Prague. At the beginning, SMODERP has been developed as a surface runoff simulated by profile model (1D). Later the model has been redesigned using a spatially distributed method. This version is named SMODERP2D. Ongoing development is focused on obtaining parameters of the hydrological models, incorporating new infiltration and flow routing routines, and conceptualization of a rill flow and rill development. The model belongs to a family of so-called GIS-based hydrological models utilizing capabilities of GIS software for geospatial data processing. Importantly, the SMODERP2D project is currently entering an open source world. Originally the model could be run only in proprietary Esri ArcGIS platform. A new version of the model presented by this manuscript adds support for two key open source GIS platforms, GRASS GIS and QGIS. A newly developed GRASS module and QGIS plugin significantly increases the accessibility of the SMODERP2D model for research purposes and also for engineering practice.</p><p>Middle scale distributed hydrological models often encounter with high computation costs and long model runtime. Long runtime is caused by high-resolution input data which is easily available nowadays. The project also includes an experimental version of the SMODERP2D model enabling the parallelization of computations. This parallelization is done using TensorFlow, and its goal is to decrease the time needed for its run. It is supported by both CPU and GPU. Parallelization of computations is an important step towards providing SMODERP2D web processing services in order to allow quick and easy integration to highly specialized platforms such as Atlas Ltd.</p>
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Helmayuni and Mardianto. "Economic Valuation of “Parak” Traditional Agroforestry West Sumatera (Case Study in Nagari Paninggahan, Solok Regency)." INFLUENCE : International Journal of Science Review 3, no. 3 (September 24, 2021): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.54783/influence.v3i3.154.
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This study aims to determine the economic value, which is a direct and indirect benefit (tangible and intangible) of Parak in the research area. This research used a case study method, and the sampling was carried out in a purposive manner consisting of 50 sample farmers. The data used in this study are primary data and secondary data. Preliminary data were obtained by direct interviews with respondents based on the questionnaire provided, while secondary data were taken from agencies related to this research. The processing of data obtained in the field shows that Parak plays an important role in supporting the economy of farmers in Nagari Paninggahan either directly or indirectly. The direct use value obtained from the plant is IDR. 46,753,650 (66,316 per cent), from firewood of IDR. 23,070,000 (32,722 percent) and from livestock IDR. 678,550 (0.963 per cent) so that the total direct use income is IDR. 70,502,200 per year of all commodities cultivated by the sample farmers. Meanwhile, for indirect use, such as household/domestic water use, IDR. 13,312,320/year and agricultural irrigation water IDR. 54,052,111/year. The total indirect usage is IDR. 67,364,431,-. Per year. Agroforestry patterns can cover the soil layer well and have an effective influence on soil erosion control to increase the supply of water in the soil. Respondents have also carried out other conservation activities by constructing bench terraces, terracing systems, and other buildings to suppress sedimentation and erosion.
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Puflea, Suzana Mirela, and Ion Ioniţă. "Characteristics of the Land Degradation in the Stavnic River Basin." Present Environment and Sustainable Development 10, no. 1 (June 1, 2016): 189–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pesd-2016-0017.
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Abstract Located in the Central Moldavian Plateau, the Stavnic catchment is associated to a left tributary of the upper Barlad River, and extends on 21,341 ha of which 39% is under forest. The typical hilly landforms, the alternation of permeable and impermeable rocks (clays, sands, loess-like deposits), the unrolling of wetted and dry periods, the sequence of freeze and thaw cycles, and the influence of the anthropogenic factor triggered the acceleration of land degradation processes. The present day geomorphic processes such as soil erosion, gullying, mass movements and silting of reservoirs represent a major threat to the local environment. Soil erosion on the agricultural land covers mainly the land with slopes of over 5%, and it highlights through different stages of intensity. By data processing, gained from the soil surveys undertaken by O.J.S.P.A. Iasi and Vaslui, it is obviously that moderate-excessive soil erosion extends on 52% of the surveyed area. The gully erosion apparently plays secondary role in the Stavnic catchment. However, there has been identified a total number of 330 gullies, most of them being included into discontinuous gullies class, often located on the hillslopes. Landslides are the most representative geomorphologic processes and they extend on 12,006 ha, which represents 56% of the Stavnic catchment. One mention must be made, that in the context of climate aridisation occurred during the last three decades, the landslides are almost all stabilized. The majority of the few active landslides have frequently formed through the reactivation of the old landslide diluvia. By using the Cesium-137 technique in dating the recent sediments from the Cazanesti accumulation, within the lower Stavnic catchment, the mean siltation rate of 4.5 cm yr-1 after the Chernobyl nuclear accident was estimated.
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Yamelynets, Taras. "THEORETICAL BASICS OF THE SCIENTIFIC TREND OF INFORMATIONAL SOIL SCIENCE." PROBLEMS OF GEOMORPHOLOGY AND PALEOGEOGRAPHY OF THE UKRANIAN CARPATHIANS AND ADJACENT AREAS, no. 11(01) (January 13, 2021): 170–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/gpc.2020.1.3207.
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The definition of informational soil science as a new trend of soil science is proposed, and includes a system of ordering, collecting, storing and analyzing of the soil data at different hierarchical levels, obtaining continuous in space and time information on soil conditions for modeling and balanced use, reproduction and management of soils, resources based on environmental, social, environmental, economic and legal requirements. The subject of informational soil science is all aspects of the functioning of information, namely: (1) the processes of origin, transmission, storage, processing, dissemination of information about the soil, its properties and soil processes; (2) ways to manage information processes; (3) general patterns of influence of information processes on the nature of applied communications in soil science. Traditional and modern methods of analysis of soil information, which form the modern methodological apparatus of informational soil science, are also considered. Peculiarities of formation of thematic databases of soil formation factors, in particular determining geomorphological factor, and use of spatial analytical functions of soil information systems in modeling of influence of a relief on development of erosion processes of a certain territory are considered. Since informational soil science, as an applied trend of soil science, is considered an integrated scientific subject, it also uses the methods and achievements of many applied and humanitarian sciences. It can be argued that in connection with the development of a new direction of organization and analysis of soil data based on automated information systems, new terminology borrowed from computer science, computer theory and programming is widely used in soil science, the vocabulary of concepts in mathematics is significantly expanded. This is an inevitable and necessary for our science process that helps to increase its efficiency in connection with the use of modern achievements of these relatively new disciplines. Keywords: soil information; informatiology; data base; informational soil science.
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Hategekimana, Yves, Mona Allam, Qingyan Meng, Yueping Nie, and Elhag Mohamed. "Quantification of Soil Losses along the Coastal Protected Areas in Kenya." Land 9, no. 5 (May 1, 2020): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9050137.
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Monitoring of improper soil erosion empowered by water is constantly adding more risk to the natural resource mitigation scenarios, especially in developing countries. The demographical pattern and the rate of growth, in addition to the impairments of the rainfall pattern, are consequently disposed to adverse environmental disturbances. The current research goal is to evaluate soil erosion triggered by water in the coastal area of Kenya on the district level, and also in protected areas. The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model was exercised to estimate the soil loss in the designated study area. RUSLE input parameters were functionally realized in terms of rainfall and runoff erosivity factor (R), soil erodibility factor (K), slope length and gradient factor (LS), land cover management factor (C) and slope factor (P). The realization of RUSLE input parameters was carried out using different dataset sources, including meteorological data, soil/geology maps, the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and processing of satellite imagery. Out of 26 districts in coastal area, eight districts were projected to have mean annual soil loss rates of >10 t·ha−1·y−1: Kololenli (19.709 t·ha−1·y−1), Kubo (14.36 t·ha−1·y−1), Matuga (19.32 t·ha−1·y−1), Changamwe (26.7 t·ha−1·y−1), Kisauni (16.23 t·ha−1·y−1), Likoni (27.9 t·ha−1·y−1), Mwatate (15.9 t·ha−1·y−1) and Wundanyi (26.51 t·ha−1·y−1). Out of 34 protected areas at the coastal areas, only four were projected to have high soil loss estimation rates >10 t·ha−1·y−1: Taita Hills (11.12 t·ha−1·y−1), Gonja (18.52 t·ha−1·y−1), Mailuganji (13.75.74 t·ha−1·y−1), and Shimba Hills (15.06 t·ha−1·y−1). In order to mitigate soil erosion in Kenya’s coastal areas, it is crucial to regulate the anthropogenic disturbances embedded mainly in deforestation of the timberlands, in addition to the natural deforestation process caused by the wildfires.
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Yola, N. Yuanita, A. Kurniawan, E. O. Nugroho, R. J. Martin, I. F. Muhammad, F. S. Wijaya, and N. Fauzi. "Coastal protection system design at the Indonesian Mangrove Center in Pekalongan, Central Java – Indonesia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1065, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 012062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1065/1/012062.
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Abstract The Pekalongan area suffered from coastal flooding and heavy coastal erosion due to land subsidence and increasing wave condition in the last decade. Pekalongan government built a land dike in 2018 to protect Pekalongan city from coastal flooding. This study aims to determine a suitable coastal protection system, consisting of hard-structures and mangroves, to solve the erosion problem at the Pekalongan coast, specifically at the future Pekalongan Mangrove Information Centre (PIM). Environmental data, i.e., wind, wave, current, tidal, sediment, and soil data, were obtained by field survey and secondary data collection from open-source data. The selection of the most suitable coastal protection design concepts was performed by comparing several alternatives of structure materials. Coastal protection layout was obtained based on a numerical sediment transport model result using Delft3D software. From environmental data processing and analysis with various design aspects, the top elevation of the coastal protection structure is +4.5 m MSL (Mean Sea Level). The configuration of the mangrove planting media consists of ‘guludan’ structure technique with dimension 10 m x 5 m x 4 m.
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Saiya, Halvina Grasela, Suprapto Dibyosaputro, and Sigit Herumurti Budi Santosa. "USLE Estimation for Potential Erosion at Wae Heru Watershed and Wae Tonahitu Watershed, Ambon Island, Indonesia." Indonesian Journal of Geography 48, no. 2 (January 5, 2017): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijg.17619.
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Abstract Calculate the potential erosion at Wae Heru and Wae Tonahitu Watershed aims to map and assess the potential erosion, in order to be a scientific consideration for exploration and development. The method is a field survey to determine the forms of land use and other forms of conservation efforts; secondary data collection, i.e. soil data, rainfall data, slopes data and data interpretation from Geo Eye satellite imagery in 2012. Further data processing used USLE formula with ArcGIS program. The results showed that the potential erosion of Wae Heru Watershed and Wae Tonahitu Watershed are in very light potential class. This is because the conditions in the upstream are still forested largely. However, at the downstream potential for erosion is vary, i.e. light class, moderate class, heavy class and very heavy class. This is because the conditions in the downstream undergo conversion into settlement, moor, garden, open land and sand mining. Abstrak Menghitung potensi erosi di Wae Heru dan Wae Tonahitu Daerah Aliran Sungai bertujuan untuk memetakan dan menilai potensi erosi, agar menjadi pertimbangan ilmiah untuk eksplorasi dan pengembangan. Metode ini adalah survei lapangan untuk menentukan bentuk penggunaan lahan dan bentuk lain dari upaya konservasi; pengumpulan data sekunder, data tanah yaitu, data curah hujan, data yang lereng dan interpretasi data dari citra satelit Geo Eye pada tahun 2012. pengolahan data lebih lanjut digunakan rumus USLE program ArcGIS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa erosi potensi Wae Heru DAS dan Wae Tonahitu Daerah Aliran Sungai di kelas potensial sangat ringan. Hal ini karena kondisi di hulu masih berhutan sebagian besar. Namun, pada potensi hilir erosi adalah bervariasi, yaitu kelas ringan, kelas menengah, kelas berat dan kelas yang sangat berat. Hal ini karena kondisi di hilir mengalami konversi menjadi pemukiman, tegalan, kebun, lahan terbuka dan penambangan pasir.
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Wibowo, R. Y. K. S., R. Hermawan, and S. B. Rushayati. "Stemflow and throughfall on several tree architectural models." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 918, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/918/1/012002.
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Abstract The aim of developing urban forests for steep areas is to prevent erosion. Erosion can be caused by stemflow and throughfall. The difference in stemflow and throughfall is thought to be due to differences in the tree architecture model. The study investigates the effects of several tree architectural models on the amount of stemflow and throughfall. It is hoped that data and information of this research can be taken into consideration in selecting tree species for the benefit of soil and water conservation in urban forest areas that have the potential for erosion and sedimentation. The collection and processing of data comprised the rainfall data obtained from Meteorological Climatological and Geophysical Agency, measurement of leaf area index using a hemispherical photograph and Hemiview 2.1 software, measurement of stemflow and throughfall in five tree architectural models (Massart, Aubreville, Koriba, Rauh, and Troll). Afterward, the relationship between the dependent and independent variables is known through multiple linear regression analysis using Minitab 16 software. The result showed that the tree architectural model influences stemflow and throughfall. The tree architectural model with the highest stemflow and throughfall is Rauh, and the lowest belongs to the Massart architectural model. The tree architectural model that can be used for land and water conservation is Massart; the species is Diospyros discolor Willd.
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Schilling, Keith, Matthew Streeter, Sophie Pierce, Greg Brennan, and Marty St. Clair. "Subsurface Nitrate Processing Beneath Drainageways: Are They Landscape Opportunities for Subsurface Drainage Remediation?" Journal of the ASABE 65, no. 5 (2022): 985–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/ja.15116.
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HighlightsDrainageways contain fine-textured and nutrient rich alluvial soils conducive for denitrification.NO3-N concentrations in drainageway groundwater were 70% lower than observed in cropped fields.A new grass waterway design connects subsurface water from upland cropped fields to the drainageway deposits for NO3-N remediation.Abstract. Efforts to reduce nutrient export from agricultural crop production in the U.S. Midwest are leading to development of new conservation practices. In this study our objectives were to: (1) characterize subsurface soils and hydrogeology found in two main drainageway areas in eastern Iowa, (2) compare groundwater quality to upland agricultural fields, and (3) utilize a groundwater flow model to assess the capacity of drainageways to provide additional NO3-N processing in agricultural watersheds. Using data obtained from a network of 12 shallow wells installed across six different waterways, we found that the waterways contained fine-textured and nutrient rich alluvial soils derived from erosion and deposition of upland loess and till. Concentrations of NO3-N in waterway groundwater (3.1 mg/l) were 70% lower compared to groundwater beneath nearby cropped fields (10.5 mg/l). A shallow water table in the organic-rich drainageway soils provides the requisite organic carbon, anaerobic soil conditions, and nitrogen supply for denitrification to occur. Numerical modeling suggested that groundwater from the surrounding catchment discharges approximately 53 m3/day into the waterways and reduces NO3-N mass by 144.3 kg/yr, or 7.8 kg/ha. Results suggest that drainageways could be better exploited for additional NO3-N reductions from subsurface drainage if the flow could be diverted into these areas. Keywords: Denitrification, Grass waterway, Nitrate-nitrogen, Saturated buffer.
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Zulkarnain, Zulkarnain. "KAJIAN STATUS KERUSAKAN LAHAN UNTUK PRODUKSI BIOMASSA DI KECAMATAN MARANGKAYU KABUPATEN KUTAI KARTANEGARA." ZIRAA'AH MAJALAH ILMIAH PERTANIAN 47, no. 3 (October 8, 2022): 406. http://dx.doi.org/10.31602/zmip.v47i3.8326.
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The objectives of the study of land degradation status for biomass production are: (1) to collect data and information on initial soil conditions on land use for biomass production; (2) to determine land damage status for biomass production on land use for biomass production; and (3) mapping the status of land damage in Marangkayu sub-District, Kutai Kartanegara Regency.The research was carried out for 4 months, the research location was in Semangkok and Sebuntal Villages, Marang Kayu sub District, Kutai Kartanegara Regency. Research activities carried out include: preparation, field observations, soil sampling, soil sample preparation, soil analysis in the laboratory, data processing, and interpretation, and reporting. The results showed that: (1) Land with undamaged status was found in wetlands at Semangkok 4 location; (2) Dry land with mild damage status occurred at Semangkok 5, Semangkok 6, Sebuntal 5, and Sebuntal 6 locations, while wetlands with mild damage status occurred at Semangkok 1, Semangkok 2, Semangkok 3, Sebuntal 1 and Sebuntal 2 locations; (3) Wetlands with moderate damage occurred at Sebuntal 3 and Sebuntal 4 locations, not dry lands with moderate and heavy damage; and (4) Land damage for biomass production mostly occurs in dry land caused by damage to the basic properties of the soil which includes soil erosion, fraction composition, and soil pH, while in wetlands that are damaged with damaged soil properties are soil pH. and the depth of the pyrite layer.
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Caldas, Anildo, Teresa Pissarra, Renata Costa, Fernando Neto, Marcelo Zanata, Roberto Parahyba, Luis Sanches Fernandes, and Fernando Pacheco. "Flood Vulnerability, Environmental Land Use Conflicts, and Conservation of Soil and Water: A Study in the Batatais SP Municipality, Brazil." Water 10, no. 10 (September 29, 2018): 1357. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10101357.
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In many regions across the planet, flood events are now more frequent and intense because of climate change and improper land use, resulting in risks to the population. However, the procedures to accurately determine the areas at risk in regions influenced by inadequate land uses are still inefficient. In rural watersheds, inadequate uses occur when actual uses deviate from land capability, and are termed environmental land use conflicts. To overcome the difficulty to evaluate flood vulnerability under these settings, in this study a method was developed to delineate flood vulnerability areas in a land use conflict landscape: the Batatais municipality, located in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. The method and its implementation resorted to remote sensed data, geographic information systems and geo-processing. Satellite images and their processing provided data for environmental factors such as altitude, land use, slope, and soil class in the study area. The importance of each factor for flood vulnerability was evaluated through the analytical hierarchy process (AHP). According to the results, vast areas of medium to high flood vulnerability are located in agricultural lands affected by environmental land use conflicts. In these areas, amplified flood intensities, soil erosion, crop productivity loss and stream water deterioration are expected. The coverage of Batatais SP municipality by these vulnerable areas is so extensive (60%) that preventive and recovery measures were proposed in the context of a land consolidation–water management plan aiming flood control and soil and water conservation.
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Liu, Lichao, Quanpeng Bi, Qianwei Zhang, Junjie Tang, Dawei Bi, and Liqing Chen. "Evaluation Method of Soil Surface Roughness after Ditching Operation Based on Wavelet Transform." Actuators 11, no. 3 (March 12, 2022): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act11030087.
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Soil surface roughness (SSR) is an important parameter affecting surface hydrology, erosion, gas exchange and other processes. The surface roughness of the farmland environment is directly related to the tillage process. In order to accurately characterize the random roughness (RR) parameters of the surface after ditching, a three-dimensional (3D) digital model of the surface was obtained by laser scanning under the conditions of an indoor ditching test, and the influence of oriented roughness components formed by removing ridge characteristics on the RR of the surface was analyzed by introducing the wavelet processing method. For this reason, four groups of ditching depths and two types of surface conditions (whether the surface was agglomerated or not) were designed in this paper. By comparing the root mean squared height (RMSH) and correlation length (CL) data calculated before and after wavelet processing under each group of tests, it was concluded that the RMSH values of the four groups before and after wavelet processing all change more than 200%, the change amplitude reached 271.02% under the treatment of 12 cm ditching depth, meanwhile, the average CL value of five cross-sections under each group of ditching depths decreased by 1.43–2.28 times, which proves that the oriented roughness component formed by furrows and ridges has a significant influence on the calculation of RR. By further analyzing the roughness value differences of clods and pits in different directions and local areas before and after wavelet transform, it was shown that the wavelet transform can effectively remove the surface anisotropy characteristics formed in the tillage direction and provide a uniform treatment method for the evaluation of surface RR at different ditching depths.
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Rukhovich, Dmitry I., Polina V. Koroleva, Alexey D. Rukhovich, and Mikhail A. Komissarov. "Informativeness of the Long-Term Average Spectral Characteristics of the Bare Soil Surface for the Detection of Soil Cover Degradation with the Neural Network Filtering of Remote Sensing Data." Remote Sensing 15, no. 1 (December 26, 2022): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15010124.
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The long-term spectral characteristics of the bare soil surface (BSS) in the BLUE, GREEN, RED, NIR, SWIR1, and SWIR2 Landsat spectral bands are poorly studied. Most often, the RED and NIR spectral bands are used to analyze the spatial heterogeneity of the soil cover; in our opinion, it is outmoded and seems unreasonable. The study of multi-temporal spectral characteristics requires the processing of big remote sensing data based on artificial intelligence in the form of convolutional neural networks. The analysis of BSS belongs to the direct methods of analysis of the soil cover. Soil degradation can be detected by ground methods (field reconnaissance surveys), modeling, or digital methods, and based on the remote sensing data (RSD) analysis. Ground methods are laborious, and modeling gives indirect results. RSD analysis can be based on the principles of calculation of vegetation indices (VIs) and on the BSS identification. The calculation of VIs also provides indirect information about the soil cover through the state of vegetation. BSS analysis is a direct method for analyzing soil cover heterogeneity. In this work, the informativeness of the long-term (37 years) average spectral characteristics of the BLUE, GREEN, RED, NIR, SWIR1 and SWIR2 bands of the Landsat 4–8 satellites for detecting areas of soil degradation with recognition of the BSS using deep machine learning methods was estimated. The objects of study are the spectral characteristics of kastanozems (dark chestnut soils) in the south of Russia in the territory of the Morozovsky district of the Rostov region. Soil degradation in this area is mainly caused by erosion. The following methods were used: retrospective monitoring of soil and land cover, deep machine learning using convolutional neural networks, and cartographic analysis. Six new maps of the average long-term spectral brightness of the BSS have been obtained. The information content of the BSS for six spectral bands has been verified on the basis of ground surveys. The informativeness was determined by the percentage of coincidences of degradation facts identified during the RSD analysis, and those determined in the field. It has been established that the spectral bands line up in the following descending order of information content: RED, NIR, GREEN, BLUE, SWIR1, SWIR2. The accuracy of degradation maps by band was determined as: RED—84.6%, NIR—82.9%, GREEN—78.0%, BLUE—78.0%, SWIR1—75.5%, SWIR2—62.2%.
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Deveci, Hüsne Seda, Aziz Koru, Ufuk Sakarya, İsmail Tevrizoğlu, Mustafa Teke, Ramazan Küpçü, Bülent Avenoğlu, et al. "THE BENEFITS AND CHALLENGES OF HAVING AN OPEN AND FREE BASIS SATELLITE DATA SHARING PLATFORM IN TURKEY: GEZGİN." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B8 (June 24, 2016): 1341–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b8-1341-2016.
Full textAbstract:
Turkey is a county that experiences rapid socioeconomic development, which, in turn, leads to high urbanization rates due to migration of people from rural to urban areas, many large-scale development projects (e.g. highways, dams, housing and infrastructure), and environmental problems that adversely affect agriculture, such as soil erosion and deforestation. Furthermore, Turkey lies in a region prone to natural disasters, especially earthquakes, landslides, flooding and forest fires. Successfully overcoming these challenges requires continuous monitoring to enable rapid response as well as the development of effective socioeconomic policies. In this regard, space-based earth observation (EO) systems play a critical role in the rapid acquisiton and extraction of crucial information. The first launch of the first Turkish-designed satellite, RASAT, in 2011 led to the wide-spread exploitation of space-based resources by Turkish institutions through the dissemination of EO data on an open and free basis via the GEZGIN internet portal (http://www.gezgin.gov.tr). The push for data sharing was further instigated by the nationally funded project GEOPORTAL (“Satellite Image Processing and Geoportal Development Project”) and European Union FP7 project EOPOWER (“Earth Observation for Economic Empowerment”), which strove to create conditions for sustainable economic development through the increased use of Earth observation products and services for environmental applications. In this work, the technical challenges involving processing and preparing raw satellite data for dissemination as well as software design of the GEZGIN Portal will be presented.
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Deveci, Hüsne Seda, Aziz Koru, Ufuk Sakarya, İsmail Tevrizoğlu, Mustafa Teke, Ramazan Küpçü, Bülent Avenoğlu, et al. "THE BENEFITS AND CHALLENGES OF HAVING AN OPEN AND FREE BASIS SATELLITE DATA SHARING PLATFORM IN TURKEY: GEZGİN." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B8 (June 24, 2016): 1341–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b8-1341-2016.
Full textAbstract:
Turkey is a county that experiences rapid socioeconomic development, which, in turn, leads to high urbanization rates due to migration of people from rural to urban areas, many large-scale development projects (e.g. highways, dams, housing and infrastructure), and environmental problems that adversely affect agriculture, such as soil erosion and deforestation. Furthermore, Turkey lies in a region prone to natural disasters, especially earthquakes, landslides, flooding and forest fires. Successfully overcoming these challenges requires continuous monitoring to enable rapid response as well as the development of effective socioeconomic policies. In this regard, space-based earth observation (EO) systems play a critical role in the rapid acquisiton and extraction of crucial information. The first launch of the first Turkish-designed satellite, RASAT, in 2011 led to the wide-spread exploitation of space-based resources by Turkish institutions through the dissemination of EO data on an open and free basis via the GEZGIN internet portal (http://www.gezgin.gov.tr). The push for data sharing was further instigated by the nationally funded project GEOPORTAL (“Satellite Image Processing and Geoportal Development Project”) and European Union FP7 project EOPOWER (“Earth Observation for Economic Empowerment”), which strove to create conditions for sustainable economic development through the increased use of Earth observation products and services for environmental applications. In this work, the technical challenges involving processing and preparing raw satellite data for dissemination as well as software design of the GEZGIN Portal will be presented.