Relevant bibliographies by topics / Soil erosion – Eastern Cape

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Soil erosion – Eastern Cape'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 15 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Soil erosion – Eastern Cape"

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Parwada, Cosmas, and Johan van Tol. "Mapping Soil Erosion Sensitive Areas in Organic Matter Amended Soil Associations in the Ntabelanga area, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 24, no. 9 (October 19, 2020): 1693–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v24i9.29.

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The study aims to map areas sensitive to erosion by water and rainfall erosivity after addition of organic matter (OM) in highly unstable soils. A soil association map was created using digital soil mapping methodology. Soil samples from six soil associations were incubated and analysed for several soil erodibility measures and inferred to the soil association map. Soil stabilization against soil erosion by use of OM was evaluated for 30 weeks under two simulated rainstorms, intermittent rainstorms (IR) and single rainstorm (SR). Rainfall erosivity (R-factor) was calculated from theduration of a rainstorm and the total amount of rainfall received under rainfall simulations. Erodibility factor (K-factor) was estimated using the soil OM content and texture. Largest area (40%) was covered by shallow soils and K-factor range of 0.0693-0.0778 t.ha.hha-1MJ-1mm-1. Largest (60.2%) area had a structural stability index of 0.8 and 42.7% of the area was covered by a dispersion ratio value range of 0.65-0.70. The area size with erosion rates of > 15 t/ha/yr was drastically reduced from 1 to 8 weeks after OM application thereafter gradually increased under both IR and SR. Soil erosion rates of < 5 t-1 ha-1 yr-1 and > 15 t-1 ha-1 yr-1 were most and least observed respectively under both storms. R-factor was higher under IR than SR and the smallest areas with soil erosion rates of > 15 t-1 ha-1 yr-1 contributed most to the lost soil. Organic matter confers soil resistance to erosion up to a certain period before losing its effectiveness. The study provided first assessment of erosion dynamics, basis for identifying conservation priorities which may be applicable in similar areas. Keywords: Erosivity, planning, rainstorm, soil conservation, soil degradation
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du Plessis, Casper, George van Zijl, Johan Van Tol, and Alen Manyevere. "Machine learning digital soil mapping to inform gully erosion mitigation measures in the Eastern Cape, South Africa." Geoderma 368 (June 2020): 114287. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2020.114287.

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Manjoro, Munyaradzi, Vincent Kakembo, and Kate M. Rowntree. "Trends in Soil Erosion and Woody Shrub Encroachment in Ngqushwa District, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa." Environmental Management 49, no. 3 (February 5, 2012): 570–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-012-9810-0.

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Prove, BG, VJ Doogan, and PNV Truong. "Nature and magnitude of soil erosion in sugarcane land on the wet tropical coast of north-eastern Queensland." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 35, no. 5 (1995): 641. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9950641.

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This paper reports measures of soil erosion in sloping sugarcane land under conventional cultivation and various no-tillage surface management techniques and explores the reasons for the differences measured. Soil erosion from conventionally cultivated ratoon cane lands was measured in the range 47-505 t/ha.year, with an average annual loss of 148 t/ha.year. No-tillage practices reduced this erosion to <15 t/ha.year. Groundcover did not affect soil erosion significantly. In the absence of hydrological data, it is anticipated that consolidation of the soil surface at harvest, rather than ground surface cover, is the dominant factor reducing soil erosion. The effect of groundcover on soil erosion is less than the accuracy of the measurement techniques employed (� 20 t/ha.year). Physical and chemical analyses of in situ and eroded soil indicate that sediment from the no-tillage practice may be transported further from the erosion site and carry a more mobile fraction of nutrients.
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Phinzi, Kwanele, and Njoya S. Ngetar. "Land use/land cover dynamics and soil erosion in the Umzintlava catchment (T32E), Eastern Cape, South Africa." Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa 74, no. 3 (August 12, 2019): 223–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0035919x.2019.1634652.

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Parwada, Cosmas, and Johan Van Tol. "The nature of soil erosion and possible conservation strategies in Ntabelanga area, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa." Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B — Soil & Plant Science 66, no. 6 (May 31, 2016): 544–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09064710.2016.1188979.

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Phinzi, Kwanele, and Njoya Silas Ngetar. "Mapping soil erosion in a quaternary catchment in Eastern Cape using geographic information system and remote sensing." South African Journal of Geomatics 6, no. 1 (May 8, 2017): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/sajg.v6i1.2.

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Ighodaro, Ikponmwosa David, Francois S. Lategan, and Wiseman Mupindu. "The Impact of Soil Erosion as a Food Security and Rural Livelihoods Risk in South Africa." Journal of Agricultural Science 8, no. 8 (July 17, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v8n8p1.

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<p>This study evaluates soil erosion/attrition as a major food security and rural livelihoods risk in South Africa, with the Upper and Lower Areas of Didimana, Eastern Cape Province, as a case study. The survey research method was adopted for the study. Farmers and extension officers’ behaviours relating to soil erosion control was negative even though the impact of erosion in the area was high. Approximately 75% of farmers indicated that they lose more than 21% of their crops yearly due to erosion and 55% said their crops and livestock, as well as their household feeding, suffer due to the problem. The results of the multiple linear regression analysis indicate that farm yield and farmers’ access to market are positively related to farmers’ adoption tendencies regarding erosion control, implying that farmers are more willing to adopt recommendations if their yields and access to market can increase. Similarly, age of farmers is positively related with erosion impact, indicating that older people have a higher tendency to cause erosion in the study area. This is true, as the area consists more of older people, who are generally known to resist change, thus low in adoption. Therefore, it is perceived that if farmers manage soil erosion appropriately, they will achieve higher yields. More so, pull factors like improved rural infrastructures and adequate agricultural incentives for youths are suggested to lure more youth in taking into farming in the study area.</p>
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van Tol, Johan, Wilson Akpan, Gcobisa Kanuka, Siphamandla Ngesi, and Dirk Lange. "Soil erosion and dam dividends: science facts and rural ‘fiction’ around the Ntabelanga dam, Eastern Cape, South Africa." South African Geographical Journal 98, no. 1 (November 20, 2014): 169–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03736245.2014.977814.

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Jha, V. C., and S. Kapat. "Degraded lateritic soils cape and land uses in Birbhum district, West Bengal, India." Sociedade & Natureza 23, no. 3 (December 2011): 545–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1982-45132011000300013.

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Degradation of lateritic environment as found in the south western and eastern Birbhum district can be considered as irresistible. Inherently poor physical and chemical status of existing lateritic soil profile and radical conversion of land uses as observed at cadastral level are the key factors of land degradation. Lateritic soilscapes are mostly affected by water erosion induced, vegetal and anthropogenic degradation attaining severe and very severe degradation status. Degraded lands in sample mouzas like Ballabhpur, Shyambati, Chawpahari Jungle, Bodakuri and Pachami account for 60.33%, 71.42%, 72.99%, 87.31% and 79.66% respectively out of their total lateritic exposures. In other words about 36.98%, 71.42%, 61.73%, 56.70% and 76.02% out of their total village areas and mostly non agricultural land use are affected by it. Four degraded villages get the higher priority for friendly landscape conservation actions.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Soil erosion – Eastern Cape"

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Nebo, Godwin Iloabuchi. "Soil aggregates characteristics and interrill erosion in some weakly weathered coarse textured ecotopes in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1004351.

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Aggregate stability and aggregate size distribution on soil surface that is impacted by rain drops affect soil erosion yet little is known about less weathered coarse textured soils. The objectives of the current study were to determine (i) the aggregate stability and associated aggregate fraction size distribution and (ii) the impact of the initial aggregate size on the aggregate stability and the resulting sediment fraction size distribution following rain drop impact in some quartz dominated coarse textured soils in the Eastern Cape Province. Soil samples for this experiment were collected from 14 ecotopes on the surface with a natural slope between 7.5 to 11% and at the depth between 0 to 0.2 m in the Eastern Cape Province. In each ecotope, twenty-five different spots were sampled using a spade at depth 0 to 0.2 m in other to eradicate biasness and ensure homogeneity. Thereafter, the soil samples were mixed to make a composite sample. The composited soil samples were then placed in rigid containers and taken to the soil science laboratory of the University of Fort Hare, Alice Campus where analyses were carried out. The soil properties were determined by passing the < 5 mm soil sample through a 2 mm sieve. The total Na, Ca and Mg contents in the soil samples were also determined using the wet digestion with sulphuric acid method. The total Soil organic matter content (SOM) was determined by the process known as weight loss on ignition. Thereafter, the fraction size distribution and aggregate stability was done by passing < 5 mm soil samples through a 3 mm sieve. The obtained calibrated aggregates between 3 and 5 mm were oven dried at 40o C. Thereafter, five gram (5g) of oven dried calibrated aggregates was immersed in a 50 mL deionized water in a 250 mL beaker for 10 minutes. The soil material left was transferred to a 0.053 mm sieve already immersed in ethanol and moved five times in the ethanol to separate < 0.053 mm from > 0.053 mm fragments. The remaining > 0.053 mm was re-immersed in ethanol and further oven dried at 40o C for 5 minutes. Thereafter, the > 0.053 mm fraction was transferred from 0.053 mm sieve, oven dried at 40o C, dry sieved using Digital Electromagnetic Shaker on a six column of sieves: 2 mm, 1 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.25 mm, 0.106 mm, and 0.053 mm. The aggregate stability was determined using the resulting size distribution in seven classes by calculating the mean weight diameter (MWD, mm). The soils were very stable, moderately stable or unstable. The presence of smectite and cultivation as opposed to pasture lowered aggregate stability. The studied soils showed three different aggregate size distributions. Unstable soils were dominated by 0.106 – 0.25 mm aggregate size and showed a positively skewed aggregate fraction size distribution. Aggregates finer than 0.106 mm were limited because of the coarse nature of the soil texture. Moderately stable soils broke down to both micro aggregates, 0.106 – 0.25 mm and macro aggregates, 2 – 5 mm giving a bimodal distribution. The aggregate size distribution in the very stable soils was dominated by the aggregate fraction size 2 – 5 mm and a negatively skewed aggregate fraction size distribution. The smaller the initial aggregate size the higher was the aggregate stability but the reverse was true for splash erosion. It was thought that the short 5 minutes duration of the rainfall might not have been enough to cause a total breakdown of the aggregates. Alternatively, ecotopes that were dominated by primary soil minerals such as quartz showed different breakdown behaviour compared to those containing secondary minerals such as kaolinite or smectite.
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De, Jager Megan Joan. "An analysis of soil properties associated with badland and gully erosion in rural catchments of the Ngqushwa District, Eastern Cape Province." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/3519.

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Accelerated soil erosion holds strong links to excessive land degradation, socioeconomic problems and accelerated climate change, particularly in developing countries such as South Africa. An analysis of the properties of severely eroded soils is undertaken to determine which characteristic properties influence the erodibility of the soils at several gully and badland sites in three catchments of the Ngqushwa rural municipality, which is tagged as one of the area’s most severely affected by soil erosion and degradation in the Eastern Cape. Physical, biological and chemical properties of the soils were analysed, including aggregate stability, soil texture, organic matter- and carbon content, clay mineralogy, sesquioxide content as Fe2O3 and cation composition. The distribution of a number of these properties was also determined, particularly between erosion sites, along hillslope profiles and with depth. The study area comprises three catchments, namely Mgwalana, Bira and Gqora which share common soil parent materials, land use history, exhibit similar topography and advanced degree of erosion. A total of 63 soil samples were strategically collected from identified erosion zones and site controls devoid of active erosion; where stability was evident by means of vegetation cover and soil surface condition. Surface samples were collected above 30cm depth and subsurface samples at depths greater than 30cm. To determine the fate of carbon additional samples were collected from runon and sink zones at the Mgwalana catchment along a transect from top to bottom slope. Laboratory analyses was performed to determine the soil properties, whereby C content was measured by the dry combustion method, Fe2O3- and cation content by Atomic Absorption (AA) Spectrometer, texture by the separation method described by Schlichting, Blume & Stahr (1995), clay mineralogy by X-Ray Diffraction and organic matter content by conversion of total C. In addition to these properties being used to infer aggregate stability, the wet sieving method was also used for this purpose and for validation of the other soil properties. The results revealed that no one soil property has a greater influence on aggregate stability than the others, but rather that the stability of the soil is dependent on the combinations of these properties in the soil and the interactions that occur between them. Based on this, the results indicated greater stability for runon, sink and control samples, mainly in the topsoil, which were characterised by a relatively higher C- and organic matter content, loam texture and higher concentrations of Ca2+. Furthermore, the less stable eroded samples were characterised by a more clay rich texture particularly in the subsoil, relatively lower C- and organic matter contents and a greater sodicity due to higher concentrations of Na+. The least stable soils belonged to the Gqora catchment, which were found to consist of higher silt content in the topsoil and a higher Fe2O3 content in the subsoil. The clay mineralogy was relatively uniform across all catchments, comprising of primarily illite and secondly kaolinite. The sample with the highest sodicity in terms of ESP contained smectite clay in addition to illite and kaolinite which is assumed to contribute to this increased Na+ concentration. These findings aid in the conclusion that the chemical characteristics of the soils, in association with biological and, to a less extent, physical properties of the soil exacerbate the erosion problem initiated by the extrinsic contributors, such as climate and topography. Investigation into the fate of carbon on eroded lands revealed a topographically driven dynamic whereby the total carbon content was found to be greater at the top and middle slope positions as well as in the sink zone. These hillslope sections were found to have a lower slope gradient and slightly more pronounced concave shape to those sections with lower C values. These topographic variables influence the degree of gully erosion taking place at different hillslope sections, which tends to be greater where slope angle is increased and convexity exists, resulting in the removal of soil C at these positions and its deposition in areas of accumulation, namely the runon and sink zones of low angle concave slope sections. The findings of this research may be used to develop restoration and management strategies with the ultimate goal to reduce the soils vulnerability to erosion by enhancing those soil properties conducive to greater aggregate stability as determined in the present study.
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Parwada, Cosmas. "Litter quality effects on soil stabiltiy and erodibility in the Ntabelanga Area, Eastern Cape, South Africa." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/4824.

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Soil organic matter (SOM) plays a primary role in aggregation and stabilization of soils, hence reducing their susceptibility to erosion. In South Africa (SA), most soils have low (< 4 percent) soil organic matte (SOM) contents, making them susceptible to soil erosion. Little is known about SOM quality effects in soil stabilization in the SA context, it is therefore difficult to advocate specific organic matter sources in order to stabilize a particular soil. This study evaluated effects of different litter quality sources (Vachellia karoo (sweet thorn) leaf litter and Zea mays (maize) stover) on soil aggregate stabilization at a soil micro-level (soil aggregate), guided by the following specific objectives; (i) to characterize soil properties that influence the erodibility of soils in the Ntabelanga area, Eastern Cape (EC) Province, SA (ii) to assess fractionation of organic carbon during decomposition of different litter sources (iii) to determine rate of soil macroaggregate re-formation under different litter amendments (iv) to determine the influence of different litter quality on splash soil erosion and (v) to delineate the Ntabelanga area into different soil erosion sensitivity zones. Soil samples collected from a proposed Ntabelanga dam site, EC Province, SA, were characterized for factors influencing erodibility. Soil physical and chemical properties were analyzed, soil erodibility (K-factor) estimated using SOC content and surface properties and soil loss rates by splashing determined under rainfall simulations at 360 mm h-1 rainfall intensity. Soil loss was then correlated with the chemical and physical soil properties. SOC showed significant (P< 0.05) inverse relationship with soil loss. Soils samples were bulked to seven composite samples according to major soil horizons (orthic A, melanic A, pedocutanic B, red apedal B, saprolite, G horizon and prismacutanic B) in the areas of soil associations, macroaggregate (> 0.250 mm) were removed by passing through a 0.250 mm sieve. The remaining soil microaggregates (< 0.250 mm) were then mixed with high quality Vachellia karoo leaf litter (C/N = 23.8) and low quality Zea mays stover (C/N = 37.4) and incubated at 23oC for 30 weeks. Jars were arranged as a 7 × 3 factorial laid in completely randomized design (CRD) with three replicates. Data was repeatedly measured at 1, 3, 8, 14, 23 and 30 weeks after incubation: to determine the stabilization of SOM by fractionating the soil particulate organic matter (POM), rate of soil macroaggregate re-formation and influence of litter quality on splash soil erosion along a decomposition continuum. Free light fractions (Free LF), coarse particulate organic matter (CoPOM) and fine particulate organic matter (FiPOM) within macroaggregates (> 250 μm) decreased exponentially from week 1 to 30 and were significantly (p < 0.05) influenced by litter quality × soil horizon × time interactions. A similar trend for FiPOM fractions in macroaggregates was observed in the 53-250 μm microaggregates (p < 0.05). The greatest influence on changes in POM fractions occurred within the first 3 weeks of incorporation. Both V. karroo leaf litter and Z. mays stover significantly stabilized the macroaggregates within the first 3 weeks after incubation. Cumulative macroaggregates yields, mean weight diameter (MWD), percentage water stable aggregates (%WSA) and whole soil stability index (WSSI) in litter amended soils increased up to week 8 of incubation and thereafter gradually declined in all soils. An increase in macroaggregation resulted in increased MWD, WSSI values and large and small aggregates distribution. Aggregation was significantly higher in soils with higher clay content than sand content, suggesting that soil texture was highly influential in litter decomposition. Rate of litter decomposition was influenced by soil type × time interactions which determined extent and macroaggregation dynamics along a decomposition continuum. The amount of splashed sediments was determined from each soil horizon at 360 mm h-1 simulated rainfall intensity applied as either single 8minute rainstorm (SR) or 4 × 2minute intermittent rainstorms (IR) separated by a 72 h drying period. Results showed a reduction in splashed sediments under IR and SR storms in litter-amended soils during the first 8 weeks of incubation with gradual increase thereafter. More sediments were splashed under IR than SR and litter quality had no influence on splashed sediments per soil horizon. Soil horizons profile with more clay than sand particles enhanced the litter effects on the soil resistance against detachment. The amount of SOC loss was influenced by primary particle size distribution and initial SOC content of the soil. Rainfall pattern and the initial SOC content were the main factors by which different soils influenced SOC loss. More rainstorm patterns should be investigated on these soils.
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Manjoro, Munyaradzi. "Soil erosion and sediment source dynamics of a catchment in the Eastern Cape province, South Africa: an approach using remote sensing and sediment source fingerprinting techniques." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1015038.

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This study originated from an evaluation of the performance of a commercially available high concentration point focus concentrator PV system. The effect of module design flaws was studied by using current-voltage (I-V) curves obtained from each module in the array. The position of reverse bias steps revealed the severity of mismatch in a string of series-connected cells. By understanding the effects of the various types of mismatch, power losses and damage to the solar cells resulting from hot spot formation can be minimized and several recommendations for improving the basic performance of similar systems were made. Concern over the extent and type of defect failure of the concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) cells prompted an investigation into the use of a light beam induced current (LBIC) technique to investigate the spatial distribution of defects. An overview of current and developing LBIC techniques revealed that the original standard LBIC techniques have found widespread application, and that far-reaching and important developments of the technique have taken place over the years. These developments are driven by natural progression as well as the availability of newly developed advanced measurement equipment. Several techniques such as Lock-in Thermography and the use of infrared cameras have developed as complementary techniques to advanced LBIC techniques. As an accurate contactless evaluation tool that is able to image spatially distributed defects in cell material, the basis of this method seemed promising for the evaluation of concentrator cells.
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Ighodaro, Ikponmwosa David. "The perceived impact of soil erosion on food security in the upper and lower areas of Didimana in the Eastern Cape of South Africa." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1006781.

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Due to the particular nature of accelerated soil erosion, its impact on food security is usually very intense. The impact starts first on the farmer, and then to his/ her environment. This is why soil erosion, when unchecked, is very devastating. Therefore this study was set to evaluate the perceived impact of soil erosion on food security in the Upper and Lower Areas of Didimana, Eastern Cape of South Africa, and the role farmers’ adoption behaviours play in the interaction. Three specific objectives were put forward by the study, vis-à-vis: (1) to establish farmers’ perceptions on the impact of soil erosion on food security of the study area; (2) to establish farmers’ innovation adoption behaviour with respect to soil erosion control in the study area; and (3) to establish farmers’ perceptions on the impact of extension activities with respect to soil erosion-control in the study area. The central argument of discussion is that soil erosion like every other agricultural problem, is the result of farmers’ non-adoption or inappropriate adoption of improved and recommended soil management technologies in the study area. The survey method of research was adopted for the study, where data were collected, using a well structured questionnaire, from a total of 60 farmers in the study area, through a simple random sampling process. Farmers’ perception suggested that the impact of soil erosion in their area is severe. This severity is demonstrated firstly in the form of climate change, as the time of rain in their area is gradually changing, and thus changing their time of cropping. Similarly the livelihoods of farmers are being negatively affected, as farmers’ crops, livestock, and even household feeding are being affected. More so, findings indicate that most farmers now plant fewer crops and there is an estimation of crop loss by most farmers of well between 21-60 percent of crops every year. Farmers’ perception further revealed that due to soil erosion, over 50 percent of farmers are unsustainable and a total of 71.7 percent of farmers’ population admitted that the amount of food available for their households is being severely affected. In virtually every sphere of human endeavours improved technologies have been developed to solve human problems, but the main reason problems like soil erosion is still very evident is the fact of farmers’ non-adoption or inappropriate adoption of specific recommended technologies. In the study area, the role of farmers’ adoption behaviour in the interaction of the impact of soil erosion on food security was very prominent. Findings indicate that despite the presence of certain recommended soil management technologies in the study area, majority of farmers do not use them neither extension advices. Moreover their satisfaction with those technologies was found to be low, which could be an explanation why they do not use them. For innovation to be adopted, rejected or utilized inappropriately, the effectiveness and performance of agricultural extension, as well as farmers’ perception play a great role. Thus in the study area, farmers’ perception on extension effectiveness indicates that extension hardly talk about soil erosion and its control during times of their visit. Similarly, farmers’ rating for extension services and advices was as well very low (23.4 percent). In fact, a comparison of farmers’ traditional methods of soil erosion control with extension recommendations (53.4 percent) indicated that farmers perceive their local methods of more importance than extension methods. In the same vein, majority of farmers in the area indicated that extension officers are inadequate in their jobs. Reasons offered range from issues of unreliability, lack of regular visits, communication problems, less attention for crop farming, and other reasons such as extension being unconcerned for subsistence farmers, as well as the fact that they focus more on cooperatives. In all, the findings of the descriptive statistics reveal that the impact of soil erosion on food security in the study area is very significant, and the results of the linear regression model of relationships in the study reveal that soil erosion relates positively with age of farmers, their product quality, and their sustainability. In a similar note, the innovation adoption behaviours of farmers was also found to be positively related to farm yield and food accessibility. Thus showing that innovation adoption behaviour of farmers in the interaction of soil erosion and food security in the study area is significant. Therefore, efforts should be geared toward improving factors that increases yield and accessibility of farmers to serve as boosters of farmers’ motivation towards the adoption of appropriate soil management technologies in their area.
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Boucher, Kim Gillian. "The effect of pineapple cultivation on factors influencing soil erodibility in the Eastern Cape, South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005502.

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The study examines the effect of ridged pineapple cultivation on factors influencing the soil erodibility of Glenrosa and Oakleaf soil forms in the Bathurst district of South Africa. A number of physical and chemical variables influencing soil erodibility are investigated, namely soil moisture, bulk density, porosity, infiltration rate, aggregate stability, shear strength, soil texture, soil structure, penetrability, organic carbon, pH and cation exchange capacity. These soil characteristics are examined in undisturbed soils under natural vegetation and compared to those on adjacent traffic areas, pineapple ridges and pineapple furrows. The results of the analyses between the four sample sites indicate that ridged cultivation of pineapples has a negative effect on factors influencing soil erodibility on the areas studied. The results of the analysis within each of the sample sites do not illustrate any clear relationships and thus depict the complexity and multiplicity of the soil erodibility phenomenon. A further study, augmenting the soil erodibility data with actual soil loss data, is recommended
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Van, der Waal Benjamin Wentsel. "Sediment connectivity in the upper Thina Catchment, Eastern Cape, South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1019754.

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[Portion of abstract]: Sediment dynamics are influenced by transformed landscape connectivity in catchments worldwide. The upper Thina catchment, an important high rainfall resource in the northern Eastern Cape, South Africa, is an example of where ongoing subsistence farming on communal land has led to overgrazing and trampling that has initiated large erosive features (e.g. gullies) and river incision. The formation of gullies led to increased hillslope-channel connectivity and the resultant river incision decreased the channel-valley fill connectivity. These two changes in connectivity led to increased sediment export from the catchment that has various down-stream ecological and socio-economic impacts. This study investigates how the change in hillslope-channel and channel-valley fill connectivity has altered the sediment dynamics in the Vuvu catchment, a headwater tributary of the Thina River. A combination of methods were used to assess the changes in hillslope-channel and channel-valley fill connectivity. High resolution aerial images were used to map source features, such as fields, gullies, sheet erosion, landslides, roads and livestock tracks. Topographic and geological characteristics of the source features were extracted using a Geographic Information System. Furthermore, hillslope-channel pathways, such as the natural drainage network, continuous gullies, discontinuous gullies, roads and livestock tracks were mapped and analysed in terms of topographic and geological characteristics. Historic aerial images were assessed to calculate the date the larger gullies began forming. Recent aerial photos and cross sectional surveys of the valley fill were combined to map the various sediment sinks. Particle size and organic content were analysed for flood bench cores and terrace samples. The chronology of the flood benches was determined using unsupported Pb-210 and Cs-137 dating, and determined for the terraces using Optically Stimulated Luminescence dating. Quantitative and qualitative sediment tracing approaches, using mineral magnetic properties, were used to trace the origin of suspended sediment (collected during flood events), sediment stored in the flood benches and sediment stored in the terraces. Hydrological monitoring was used to assess the potential to store sediment on flood benches along the valley fill through flood bench inundation frequency. Hydrological and hydraulic modelling extended the measured inundation frequencies to a 73 year period and other cross sections along the valley fill. Furthermore, a future scenario of an increased vegetation cover and reduced hillslope-channel connectivity was assessed in terms of channel-valley fill inundation frequency.
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Kakembo, Vincent. "A reconstruction of the history of land degradation in relation to land use change and land tenure in Peddie district, former Ciskei." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005523.

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A history of land degradation is reconstructed in a part of the dividing ridge between the Great Fish and Keiskamma rivers, in Peddie District, former Ciskei. The study entails a comparative investigation of the progressive changes in land use, vegetation and soil erosion in three tenure units, namely: former commercial farms, traditional and betterment villages. Analysis of the sequential aerial photography of the area for 1938,1954, 1965, 1975 and 1988 is employed. This is backed by groundtruthing exercises. Data thus obtained are quantified, and linkages between degradation, anthropogenic and physical factors are derived using PC ARC/INFO GIS. Differences in land tenure systems emerge as the main controlling factor to variations in land degradation. Confinement of vegetation diminution and erosion to traditional and betterment villages is observed at all dates. Scantily vegetated surfaces and riparian vegetation removal are a characteristic feature of both areas throughout the study period. 'Betterment,' introduced in the early 1960s to curb land degradation is, instead observed to exacerbate it, particularly soil erosion. Trends in land use change are characterised by the abandonment of cultivated land, which is noted to coincide with a sharp rise in population. Erosion intensification into severe forms particularly between 1965 and 1975, coincident with a period of extreme rainfall events, emerges as the most significant degradation trend. A close spatial correlation between abandoned cultivated land and intricate gullies is identified. So is the case between grazing land and severe sheet erosion. Within the grazing lands, an examination of erosion and categories of vegetated surfaces reveals that erosion occurs predominantly on the scanty vegetation category. Such erosion-vegetation interaction largely explains the non-recovery of the scanty vegetation category, even during periods of intense rainfall. Extensive channel degradation is evident along stream courses with scanty riparian vegetation. Physical factors are noted to have a significant bearing on erosion. The high prevalence of erosion on the Ecca group of rocks confirms its erosion-prone nature. Pockets of colluvium and alluvium accumulation in the steep bottomlands are identified as the sites of the most severe gully erosion. Field surveys at some of the sites indicate that a dolerite sill through the area forms a boundary of colluvium accumulation and the upslope limit to gully incision. That these sites are recognised as formerly cultivated land, portrays the interaction between physical and anthropogenic variables with regard to inducing degradation in the area.
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9

Van, der Waal Benjamin Wentsel. "The influence of Acacia Mearnsii invasion on soil properties in the Kouga Mountains, Eastern Cape, South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005515.

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The invasion of Acacia mearnsii in the Kouga catchment, Eastern Cape, South Africa, has various negative impacts on the ecosystem. These impacts include: reduced species richness, increased water use, increased nutrients and increased N cycling rates. The native shrubby fynbos vegetation has adapted to the acidic nutrient poor soils and Mediterranean climate of the Kouga Mountains. Fynbos, however, is currently being out competed by the much taller Acacia mearnsii trees, due to their competitive nature and ability to fix nitrogen, thereby enriching the soil. The invaded sections of the valley bottoms and lower hill slopes are characterised by an almost complete monoculture of Acacia mearnsii, with very few fynbos species still present. The Department of Water and Environmental Affairs sponsored Working for Water programme started clearing Acacia mearnsii in 1996 in the Kouga Mountains. Cleared sites have remained bare for long periods, indicating that soil properties are not favourable for indigenous propagule re-establishment. The aim of this research was to assess how A. mearnsii invasion and clearing affect fynbos recovery through its impact on soils. This was done by characterising vegetation and soil properties on fynbos, infested and cleared slopes. Vegetation cover for various growth forms was determined and a species list was compiled for each plot. The slope angle, surface hardness, litter cover, bare ground cover and soil depth were measured in the field, whereas water repellency, particle size and the chemical composition were measured in the laboratory. Furthermore, the plant establishment capacity of soils from fynbos, infested and cleared slopes was calculated. This was done by germinating fynbos seeds and growing fynbos plants in soils from the various slopes. The effect that invasion and clearing has on soil erosion was quantified using erosion plots on fynbos, infested and cleared slopes. The invasion and clearing of Acacia mearnsii led to an increase in soil nutrients, especially nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, carbon and manganese. Furthermore, soils became more acidic, with increased water repellency and reduced surface hardness. The vegetation changed to a tree-dominated structure, replacing the native species. Native plant germination was relatively unaffected by invasion and clearing, with an increase in germination just after clearing. Plant growth of a native grass, Themeda triandra, and herb, Helichrysum umbraculigerum, has increased on soils from cleared slopes. This study showed that soil movement increased on slopes which are invaded and cleared of Acacia mearnsii, with erosion rates doubling on invaded slopes
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Wade, Rebecca Jane. "A quantitative study of waterborne soil erosion on arable land in eastern Scotland : towards erosion prediction." Thesis, University of Dundee, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.244481.

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Books on the topic "Soil erosion – Eastern Cape"

1

Patric, James H. Some effects of grazing on soil and water in the eastern forest. Broomall, PA: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, 1986.

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Ries, Johannes B. Bodenerosion in der Hochgebirgsregion des östlichen Zentral-Himalaya untersucht am Beispiel Bamti/Bhandar/Surma, Nepal =: Soil erosion in the high mountain region, eastern central Himalaya, a case study in the Bamti/Bhandar/Surma area, Nepal. [Freiburg i.Br.]: Im Selbstverlag des Institutes für Physische Geographie der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg i.Br., 1994.

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Schaffner, Ruth. Vegetation of stabilizing and eroding slopes in eastern Nepal =: Die Vegetation stabilisierender und erodierender Hänge in Ostnepal. [Zurich: Geobotanischen Institutes der ETH, Stiftung Rübel], 1987.

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Mannaerts, Christiaan. Assessment of the transferability of laboratory rainfall-runoff and rainfall-soil loss relationships to field and catchment scales: A study in the Cape Verde Islands. Enschede: International Institute for Aerospace Survey and Earth Sciences (ITC), 1993.

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Yan, Ying. A model for predicting soil loss ratio and crop production in eastern Washington. 1989.

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Gomez, Sharon N. Soil erosion assessment in the Republic of Cape Verde, West Africa, using a geographic information system. 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Soil erosion – Eastern Cape"

1

Safriel, Uriel N., Pedro Berliner, Ariel Novoplansky, Jonathan B. Laronne, Arnon Karnieli, Itzhak Moshe, A. Kharabsheh, A. Ghaleb Mohammad, and G. Kusek. "Soil Erosion-Desertification and the Middle Eastern Anthroscapes." In Sustainable Land Management, 57–124. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14782-1_3.

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Bondarev, A. G. "Soil Tillage Systems Applied in Russia to Prevent Soil Erosion and Degradation." In Soil Quality, Sustainable Agriculture and Environmental Security in Central and Eastern Europe, 253–57. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4181-9_19.

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Tagwira, F. "Soil Erosion and Conservation Techniques for Sustainable Crop Production in Zimbabwe." In Environment and Sustainable Development in Eastern and Southern Africa, 118–27. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-26643-2_8.

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Jankauskas, B., and G. Jankauskiene. "An Erosion Control System for Sustainable Land Use in a Lithuanian Catchment." In Soil Quality, Sustainable Agriculture and Environmental Security in Central and Eastern Europe, 277–83. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4181-9_22.

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Zhang, J. C., D. L. DeAngelis, and J. Y. Zhuang. "Models of Reforestation for Soil Erosion Control in the Hilly Region of the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River." In Theory and Practice of Soil Loss Control in Eastern China, 161–212. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9679-4_10.

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Nhemachena, Charles, and James Chakwizira. "Spatial Mapping and Analysis of Integrated Agricultural Land Use and Infrastructure in Mhlontlo Local Municipality, Eastern Cape, South Africa." In Developments in Soil Classification, Land Use Planning and Policy Implications, 505–21. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5332-7_28.

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Svetlitchnyi, Alexander A. "Soil Erosion Induced Degradation of Agrolandscapes in Ukraine: Modeling, Computation and Prediction in Conditions of the Climate Changes." In Regional Aspects of Climate-Terrestrial-Hydrologic Interactions in Non-boreal Eastern Europe, 191–99. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2283-7_21.

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Trimble, Stanley W. "The Historical Decrease of Soil Erosion in the Eastern United States – The Role of Geography and Engineering." In Engineering Earth, 1383–93. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9920-4_77.

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Nwaogu, Chukwudi, Onyedikachi Joshua Okeke, Simon Assuah Adu, Edeko Babine, and Vilém Pechanec. "Land Use—Land Cover Change and Soil-Gully Erosion Relationships: A Study of Nanka, South-Eastern Nigeria Using Geoinformatics." In Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography, 305–19. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61297-3_22.

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Nyamadzawo, G., P. Nyamugafata, R. Chikowo, T. Chirwa, and P. L. Mafongoya. "Soil and Carbon Losses under Rainfall Simulation from Two Contrasting Soils under Maize-Improved Fallows Rotation in Eastern Zambia." In Soil Erosion and Carbon Dynamics, 197–206. CRC Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203491935-16.

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Conference papers on the topic "Soil erosion – Eastern Cape"

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John J Ramirez Avila, Edgar F Almanza Manrique, and Sandra L Ortega Achury. "Soil Erosion and Productivity Losses in Highly Degraded Soils of the Eastern Savannas of Colombia." In International Symposium on Erosion and Landscape Evolution (ISELE), 18-21 September 2011, Anchorage, Alaska. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.39302.

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Persico, Lyman P., Leslie D. McFadden, and Joseph R. McAuliffe. "CLIMATIC CONTROLS ON THE TIMING OF HILLSLOPE SOIL FORMATION AND EROSION IN THE EASTERN MOJAVE DESERT." In GSA Annual Meeting in Phoenix, Arizona, USA - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019am-339463.

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"The Role of Inappropriate Agricultural Practices on Soil Degradation in the Eastern Cape: the Case of Farming at Sheshegu Community." In Nov. 16-17, 2020 Johannesburg (SA). Eminent Association of Pioneers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17758/eares10.eap1120112.

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Sirotkin, Vyacheslav. "EVALUATION OF SOIL EROSION IN THE FOREST-STEPPE ZONE OF EASTERN EUROPEAN RUSSIA BY HYDROPHYSICAL AND SPECTRORADIOMETRIC INDICATORS." In 19th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference EXPO Proceedings. STEF92 Technology, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2019/3.2/s13.024.

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Shixian Gu. "The study on the relationship between land use and soil erosion in the Hengduan mountainous region of the Eastern Tibet." In 2011 International Conference on Remote Sensing, Environment and Transportation Engineering (RSETE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rsete.2011.5964424.

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Nie, X. J., K. K. Xu, and H. J. Liu. "Notice of Retraction: Soil erosion and organic carbon dynamics across steep hillslopes in the Hengduan Mountain Region of eastern Tibet, China." In 2010 2nd Conference on Environmental Science and Information Application Technology (ESIAT 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/esiat.2010.5568315.

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Dorokhova, Evgenia, Evgenia Dorokhova, Dmitry Dorokhov, and Dmitry Dorokhov. "SEDIMENT MAPPING AND TRANSPORT PATHWAYS IN THE NEARSHORE ZONE OF THE RUSSIAN PART OF THE SOUTH-EASTERN BALTIC SEA." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21610/conferencearticle_58b43152071d3.

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To achieve a more robust interpretation of sediment conditions and transport, our study combines the two different interpretation techniques. A side-scan sonar survey was used as a basis for detail sedimentological investigation. Grain-size analyses of grab samples provided sediment transport direction and decoding of sonar data. The new detail lithological map of the underwater shore slope of the northern Sambian peninsula and the Russian part of the Curonian spit in 1:50 000 scale is created. For the first time, the stretched zone of very fine sands is outlined at depths of 25-30 m of the Curonian spit underwater slope. These sands are relicts, and their formation is connected with accumulative processes on the ancient shores of the Baltic Sea. Separate morpho-lithodynamic cells are distinguished on the submarine slope of the northern Sambian peninsula coast up to a depth of 20 m. The cape areas of the Sambian peninsula serve as cell boundaries where a divergence of sediment trend and seabed erosion are observed. The convergence of sediment transport directions is confined to the bight’s central parts. Fine and very fine-grained sand accumulation prevails here.
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Dorokhova, Evgenia, Evgenia Dorokhova, Dmitry Dorokhov, and Dmitry Dorokhov. "SEDIMENT MAPPING AND TRANSPORT PATHWAYS IN THE NEARSHORE ZONE OF THE RUSSIAN PART OF THE SOUTH-EASTERN BALTIC SEA." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/conferencearticle_5b1b9489e8deb2.41910928.

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To achieve a more robust interpretation of sediment conditions and transport, our study combines the two different interpretation techniques. A side-scan sonar survey was used as a basis for detail sedimentological investigation. Grain-size analyses of grab samples provided sediment transport direction and decoding of sonar data. The new detail lithological map of the underwater shore slope of the northern Sambian peninsula and the Russian part of the Curonian spit in 1:50 000 scale is created. For the first time, the stretched zone of very fine sands is outlined at depths of 25-30 m of the Curonian spit underwater slope. These sands are relicts, and their formation is connected with accumulative processes on the ancient shores of the Baltic Sea. Separate morpho-lithodynamic cells are distinguished on the submarine slope of the northern Sambian peninsula coast up to a depth of 20 m. The cape areas of the Sambian peninsula serve as cell boundaries where a divergence of sediment trend and seabed erosion are observed. The convergence of sediment transport directions is confined to the bight’s central parts. Fine and very fine-grained sand accumulation prevails here.
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9

Sokolov, Andrei, Andrei Sokolov, Boris Chubarenko, and Boris Chubarenko. "CONDITIONS FAVOURABLE FOR PROTECTION THE MARINE SHORE OF THE VISTULA SPIT AND SAMBIAN PENINSULA (THE BATIC SEA, KALININGRAD OBLAST) BY OFFSHORE DISPOSAL OF DREDGED MATERIAL." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21610/conferencearticle_58b4315feec11.

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Three dumping sites located at the south-eastern part of the Baltic Sea (Kaliningrad Oblast) at shallow depths are considered. The first one is located to the south of the Vistula Lagoon inlet in front of a permanently eroded open marine shore segment. The second one is located to the north of the Vistula Lagoon inlet, and is used now for disposing of dredged material extracted from the Kaliningrad Seaway Canal. The third dumping site is located near the northern shore of the Sambian Peninsula to the east of the Cape Gvardeijski and assigned for disposing the dredged material extracted from the fairway to the Pionerskij Port located nearby. The last site is planned to be used for disposing of dredged material from the future port that should be constructed there before the beginning of the FIFA World Cup 2018. All three dumping sites are located not far from the eroded segments of the shore. The question behind the study is: would it possible that disposed material will naturally transported from the damping site to the shore and accumulate there to protect it from erosion? A numerical hydrodynamic-transport 3D model (MIKE) was used to model sediment transport under different wind actions. The winds with the speed stronger than 15 m/s complete wash out disposed material from the dumping site and spreading it over the wide area with a negligible layer thickness. Winds of about 7-10 m/s transport material along the shore at a distance of few kilometers that may be useful for shore protection. The first location of the dumping site (to the south of the Vistula Lagoon inlet) looks very ineffective for potential protection the shore nearby. At the other hand, the second and especially the third locations are favorable for transport of disposed material to the shore, the most favorable conditions are at onshore or alongshore currents.
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Sokolov, Andrei, Andrei Sokolov, Boris Chubarenko, and Boris Chubarenko. "CONDITIONS FAVOURABLE FOR PROTECTION THE MARINE SHORE OF THE VISTULA SPIT AND SAMBIAN PENINSULA (THE BATIC SEA, KALININGRAD OBLAST) BY OFFSHORE DISPOSAL OF DREDGED MATERIAL." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/conferencearticle_5b1b9371113076.35772440.

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Three dumping sites located at the south-eastern part of the Baltic Sea (Kaliningrad Oblast) at shallow depths are considered. The first one is located to the south of the Vistula Lagoon inlet in front of a permanently eroded open marine shore segment. The second one is located to the north of the Vistula Lagoon inlet, and is used now for disposing of dredged material extracted from the Kaliningrad Seaway Canal. The third dumping site is located near the northern shore of the Sambian Peninsula to the east of the Cape Gvardeijski and assigned for disposing the dredged material extracted from the fairway to the Pionerskij Port located nearby. The last site is planned to be used for disposing of dredged material from the future port that should be constructed there before the beginning of the FIFA World Cup 2018. All three dumping sites are located not far from the eroded segments of the shore. The question behind the study is: would it possible that disposed material will naturally transported from the damping site to the shore and accumulate there to protect it from erosion? A numerical hydrodynamic-transport 3D model (MIKE) was used to model sediment transport under different wind actions. The winds with the speed stronger than 15 m/s complete wash out disposed material from the dumping site and spreading it over the wide area with a negligible layer thickness. Winds of about 7-10 m/s transport material along the shore at a distance of few kilometers that may be useful for shore protection. The first location of the dumping site (to the south of the Vistula Lagoon inlet) looks very ineffective for potential protection the shore nearby. At the other hand, the second and especially the third locations are favorable for transport of disposed material to the shore, the most favorable conditions are at onshore or alongshore currents.
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