Academic literature on the topic 'Soil erosion. eng'
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Journal articles on the topic "Soil erosion. eng"
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Gunawan, Gusta, Dwita Sutjiningsih, Herr Soeryantono, and Soelistiyoweni Widjanarko. "Soil Erosion Prediction Using GIS and Remote Sensing on Manjunto Watershed Bengkulu, Indonesia." JOURNAL OF TROPICAL SOILS 18, no. 2 (2013): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2013.v18i2.141-148.
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The study aims to assess the rate of erosion that occurred in Manjunto Watershed and financial loss using Geographic Information System and Remote Sensing. Model used to determine the erosion is E30 models. The basis for the development of this model is to integrate with the slope of the slope between NDVI. The value of NDVI obtained from satellite imagery. Slope factor obtained through the DEM processing. To determine the amount of economic losses caused by erosion used the shadow prices. The amount of nutrients lost converted to fertilizer price. The results showed that the eroded catchment area has increased significantly. The rate of average annual erosion in the watershed Manjunto in 2000 amounted to 3 Mg ha-1 yr-1. The average erosion rate in the watershed Manjunto annual increase to 27 Mg ha-1 yr-1 in the year 2009. Economic losses due to erosion in 2009 was Rp200,000,- for one hectare. Total losses due to erosion for the total watershed area is Rp15,918,213,133, -. The main factor causing the high rate of erosion is high rainfall, slope and how to grow crops that do not pay attention to the rules of conservation.Keywords: Soil erosion, digital elevation model, GIS, remote sensing, valuation erosion[How to Cite: Gunawan G, D Sutjiningsih, H Soeryantono and S Widjanarko. 2013.Soil Erosion Prediction Using GIS and Remote Sensing on Manjunto Watershed Bengkulu-Indonesia. J Trop Soils 18 (2): 141-148. Doi: 10.5400/jts.2013.18.2.141][Permalink/DOI: www.dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2013.18.2.141]REFERENCESAksoy E, G Ozsoy and MS Dirim. 2009. Soil mapping approach in GIS using Landsat satellite imagery and DEM data. Afr J Agric Res 4: 1295-1302.Ananda J and G Herath. 2003. Soil erosion in developing countries: a socio-economic appraisal. J Environ Manage 68: 343-353.Ananda J, G Herath and A Chisholm. 2001. Determination of yield and Erosion Damage Functions Using Subjectivly Elicited Data: application to Smallholder Tea in Sri Lanka. Aust J Agric Resour Ec 45: 275-289.Ande OT, Y Alaga and GA Oluwatosin. 2009. Soil erosion prediction using MMF model on highly dissected hilly terrain of Ekiti environs in southwestern Nigeria. Int J Phys Sci 4: 053-057.Arnold JG, BA Engel and R Srinivasan. 1998. A continuous time grid cell watershed model. Proc. of application of Advanced Technology for management of Natural Resources.Arsyad S. 2010. Konservasi Tanah dan Air. IPB Press. Bogor-Indonesia (in Indonesian).Asdak C.1995. Hydrology and Watershed Management. Gadjah Mada University Press, Yogyakarta.Barlin RD and ID Moore. 1994. Role of buffer strips in management of waterway pollution: a review. Environ Manage 18: 543-58.Brough PA.1986. Principle of Geographical Information Systems For Land Resources Assessment. Oxford University Press, 194p.Clark B and J Wallace. 2003. Global connections: Canadian and world issues. Toronto, Canada: Pearson Education Canada, Inc.Cochrane T A and DC Flanagan. 1999. Assessing water erosion in small watershed using WEPP with GIS and digital elevation models. J Soil Water Conserv 54: 678 685.Dames TWg. 1955. The Soils of East Central Java; with a Soil Map 1:250,000. Balai Besar Penjelidikan Pertanian, Bogor, Indonesia.Dixon JA, LF Scura, RA Carpenter and PB Sherman. 2004. Economic Analysis of Environmental Impacts 2nd ed. Eartscans Publication Ltd., London.Fistikoglu O and NB Harmancioglu. 2002. Integration of GIS with USLE in Assessment of Soil Erosion. Water Resour Manage 16: 447-467.Green K. 1992. Spatial imagery and GIS: integrated data for natural resource management. J Forest 90: 32-36.Hazarika MK and H Honda. 2001. Estimation of Soil Erosion Using Remote Sensing and GIS, Its Valuation & Economic Implications on Agricultural Productions. The 10th International Soil Conservation Organization Meeting at Purdue University and the USDA-ARS Soil Erosion Research Laboratory.Hazarika S, R Parkinson, R Bol, L Dixon, P Russell, S Donovan and D Allen. 2009. Effect of tillage system and straw management on organic matter dynamics. Agron Sustain Develop 29: 525-533. doi: 10.1051/agro/2009024. Honda KL, A Samarakoon, Y Ishibashi, Mabuchi and S Miyajima.1996. Remote Sensing and GIS technologies for denudation estimation in Siwalik watershed of Nepal,p. B21-B26. Proc. 17th Asian Conference on Remote Sensing, Colombo, Sri lanka.Kefi M and K Yoshino. 2010. Evaluation of The Economic Effects of Soil Erosion Risk on Agricultural Productivity Using Remote Sensing: Case of Watershed in Tunisia. International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Science, Volume XXXVIII, Part 8, Kyoto Japan.Kefi M, K Yoshino, K Zayani and H Isoda. 2009. Estimation of soil loss by using combination of Erosion Model and GIS: case of study watersheds in Tunisia. J Arid Land Stud 19: 287-290.Lal R. 1998. Soil erosion impact on agronomic productivity and environment quality: Critical Review. Plant Sci 17: 319-464.Lal. 2001. Soil Degradation by Erosion. Land Degrad Develop12: 519-539.Lanya I. 1996. Evaluasi Kualitas lahan dan Produktivitas Lahan Kering Terdegradasi di Daerah Transmigrasi WPP VII Rengat Kabupaten Indragiri Hulu, Riau. [Disertasi Doktor]. Program Pasca Sarjana IPB, Bogor (in Indonesian).Mermut AR and H Eswaran. 2001. Some major developments in soil science since the mid 1960s. Geoderma 100: 403-426.Mongkolsawat C, P Thurangoon and Sriwongsa.1994. Soil erosion mapping with USLE and GIS. Proc. Asian Conf. Rem. Sens., C-1-1 to C-1-6.Morgan RPC, Morgan DDV and Finney HJ. 1984. A predictive model for the assessment of erosion risk. J Agric Eng Res 30: 245-253.Morgan RPC. 2005. Soil Erosion and Conservation. 3rd ed. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing Co.Panuju DR, F Heidina, BH Trisasongko, B Tjahjono, A Kasno, AHA Syafril. 2009. Variasi nilai indeks vegetasi MODIS pada siklus pertumbuhan padi. J.Ilmiah Geomat. 15, 9-16 (in Indonesian).Pimentel D, C Harvey, P Resosudarmo, K. Sinclair, D Kurz, M Mc Nair, S Christ, L Shpritz, L Fitton, R Saffouri and R Balir. 1995. Environmental and Economic Costs of Soil Erosion and Conservation Benefits. Science 267: 1117-1123.Saha SK and LM Pande. 1993. Integrated approach towards soil erosion inventory for environmental conservation using satellite and agrometeorological data. Asia Pac Rem Sens J 5: 21-28.Saha SK, Kudrat M and Bhan SK.1991. Erosional soil loss prediction using digital satellitee data and USLE. In: S Murai (ed). Applications of Remote Sensing in Asia and Oceania – Environmental Change Monitoring. Asian Association of Remote Sensing, pp. 369-372.Salehi MH, Eghbal MK and Khademi H. 2003. Comparison of soil variability in a detailed and a reconnaissance soil map in central Iran. Geoderma 111: 45-56.Soil Survey Staff. 1998. Keys to Soil Taxonomy. Eighth Edition. United States Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service. Washington, D.C.
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Odi Enyegue, Timothée Thierry, Eric Flavien Mbiakouo-Djomo, Hugues Tsanga, et al. "Effects of Soil Compaction in the Fight against Unpaved Roads Degradation Due to Erosion Caused by Heavy Rain: Proposition of a Specific CBR Evaluation Model." Engineering 13, no. 03 (2021): 95–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/eng.2021.133008.
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Bellocchi, Gianni, and Nazzareno Diodato. "Rainfall Erosivity in Soil Erosion Processes." Water 12, no. 3 (2020): 722. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12030722.
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Regional studies on the erosive power of rainfall patterns are still limited and the actual impacts that may follow on erosional and sedimentation processes are poorly understood. Given the several interrelated challenges of environmental management, it is also not always unclear what is relevant for the development of adaptive and integrated approaches facilitating sustainable water resource management. This editorial introduces the Special Issue entitled “Rainfall Erosivity in Soil Erosion Processes”, which offers options to fill some of these gaps. Three studies performed in China and Central Asia (by Duulatov et al., Water 2019, 11, 897, Xu et al., 2019, 11, 2429, Gu et al. 2020, 12, 200) show that the erosion potential of rainfall is increasing in this region, driving social, economic, and environmental consequences. In the same region (the Weibei Plateau in China), Fu et al. (Water 2019, 11, 1514) assessed the effect of raindrop energy on the splash distance and particle size distribution of aggregate splash erosion. In the Mediterranean, updated estimates of current and future rainfall erosivity for Greece are provided by Vantas et al. (Water 2020, 12, 687), while Diodato and Bellocchi (Water 2019, 11, 2306) reconstructed and investigated seasonal net erosion in an Italian catchment using parsimonious modelling. Then, this Special Issue includes two technologically oriented articles by Ricks at al. The first (Water 2019, 11, 2386) evaluated a large-scale rainfall simulator design to simulate rainfall with characteristics similar to natural rainfall. The data provided contribute to the information that may be useful for the government’s decision making when considering landscape changes caused by variations in the intensity of a rainfall event. The second article (Water 2020, 12, 515) illustrated a laboratory-scale test of mulching methods to protect against the discharge of sediment-laden stormwater from active construction sites (e.g., highway construction projects).
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Pu, Shengyan, Yaqi Hou, Jin Ma, et al. "Stabilization Behavior and Performance of Loess Using a Novel Biomass-based Polymeric Soil Stabilizer." Environmental and Engineering Geoscience 25, no. 2 (2019): 103–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/eeg-2074.
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ABSTRACT Serious soil erosion can endanger human survival and sustainable development. Therefore, simple and highly efficient soil stabilizers that can be used to treat loess soil, which has poor water stability and easily disintegrates, are a topic of concern for researchers. In this work, a biomass-based polymeric soil stabilizer (CXZ) was prepared using a “green” strategy with polymerization of carboxymethyl cellulose and xanthan gum. A direct shear test, unconfined compressive strength properties, water stability, and erosion resistance were systematically investigated to test the stabilization performance. The stabilizer agglomerated small loess particles into large aggregates through “coating” and “weaving” effects to increase the cohesion, water stability, and erosion resistance significantly, as demonstrated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope. Furthermore, in a 30-day growth experiment, the number of alfalfa plants and the plant height in stabilized loess both increased with the increase in CXZ stabilizer concentration. This work provides insight into a novel biomass-based soil-curing agent, broadening its applications in loess remediation and soil erosion control.
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Golhashem, Mohammad Reza, and Eris Uygar. "Improvement of Internal Stability of Alluvial Clay from Famagusta Bay, Cyprus, Using Copolymer of Butyl Acrylate and Styrene." Environmental and Engineering Geoscience 25, no. 4 (2019): 289–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/eeg-2205.
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ABSTRACT The internal stability of alluvial clays may be significantly compromised during a heavy rainfall due to infiltration of surface water causing sudden inundation, softening, and loss of erosion resistance or mechanical strength. Most of the available stabilization methods for clay soils employ pozzolanic or other cementitious binders, creating a chemically bound clay-admixture matrix. These admixtures commonly require a curing period after placement and compaction. Alternatively, aqueous polymers can be used in diluted form without any need for a curing period. Aqueous polymers can form agglomerations of clay particles enclosed in a matrix of polymer chains, held together by electrostatic and hydrogen bonding, improving erosion resistance. In this research, an aqueous polymer, namely, copolymer of butyl acrylate and styrene (CBAS), is mixed with alluvial clay sampled from Famagusta Bay, Cyprus, and the clay stability test is performed as a basis for assessing the degree of improvement on erosion resistance. A time-dependent approach for the evaluation of test results is followed to increase the accuracy of the analysis of the actual behavior observed during the test. A significant improvement in the erosion resistance is observed in treated test specimens. The mode of collapse of specimens during the clay soil stability test when aqueous polymer is used also changed from being gradual cracking and slaking to explosive. The swelling behavior and the effect of drying on the erosion resistance are also observed in the testing program. X-ray diffraction analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy are performed for observation of the effect of CBAS on microstructural interactions, such as electrostatic bonding and changes in soil fabric.
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Wilken, Florian, Michael Sommer, Kristof Van Oost, Oliver Bens, and Peter Fiener. "Process-oriented modelling to identify main drivers of erosion-induced carbon fluxes." SOIL 3, no. 2 (2017): 83–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/soil-3-83-2017.
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Abstract. Coupled modelling of soil erosion, carbon redistribution, and turnover has received great attention over the last decades due to large uncertainties regarding erosion-induced carbon fluxes. For a process-oriented representation of event dynamics, coupled soil–carbon erosion models have been developed. However, there are currently few models that represent tillage erosion, preferential water erosion, and transport of different carbon fractions (e.g. mineral bound carbon, carbon encapsulated by soil aggregates). We couple a process-oriented multi-class sediment transport model with a carbon turnover model (MCST-C) to identify relevant redistribution processes for carbon dynamics. The model is applied for two arable catchments (3.7 and 7.8 ha) located in the Tertiary Hills about 40 km north of Munich, Germany. Our findings indicate the following: (i) redistribution by tillage has a large effect on erosion-induced vertical carbon fluxes and has a large carbon sequestration potential; (ii) water erosion has a minor effect on vertical fluxes, but episodic soil organic carbon (SOC) delivery controls the long-term erosion-induced carbon balance; (iii) delivered sediments are highly enriched in SOC compared to the parent soil, and sediment delivery is driven by event size and catchment connectivity; and (iv) soil aggregation enhances SOC deposition due to the transformation of highly mobile carbon-rich fine primary particles into rather immobile soil aggregates.
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Baxter, C., J. S. Rowan, B. M. McKenzie, and R. Neilson. "Understanding soil erosion impacts in temperate agroecosystems: bridging the gap between geomorphology and soil ecology using nematodes as a model organism." Biogeosciences 10, no. 11 (2013): 7133–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-7133-2013.
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Abstract. Soil is a key asset of natural capital, providing a myriad of goods and ecosystem services that sustain life through regulating, supporting and provisioning roles, delivered by chemical, physical and biological processes. One of the greatest threats to soil is accelerated erosion, which raises a natural process to unsustainable levels, and has downstream consequences (e.g.~economic, environmental and social). Global intensification of agroecosystems is a recognised major cause of soil erosion which, in light of predicted population growth and increased demand for food security, will continue or increase. Transport and redistribution of biota by soil erosion has hitherto been ignored and thus is poorly understood. With the move to sustainable intensification this is a key knowledge gap that needs to be addressed. Here we highlight the erosion-energy and effective-erosion-depth continuum in soils, differentiating between different forms of soil erosion, and argue that nematodes are an appropriate model taxa to investigate impacts of erosion on soil biota across scales. We review the different known mechanisms of soil erosion that impact on soil biota in general, and nematodes in particular, and highlight the few detailed studies, primarily from tropical regions, that have considered soil biota. Based on the limited literature and using nematodes as a model organism we outline future research priorities to initially address the important interrelationships between soil erosion processes and soil biota.
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VOLD, T., M. W. SONDHEIM, and N. K. NAGPAL. "COMPUTER ASSISTED MAPPING OF SOIL EROSION POTENTIAL." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 65, no. 3 (1985): 411–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss85-045.
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Soil erosion potential maps and summary statistics can be produced from existing information with relative ease with the aid of computers. Soil maps are digitized and survey information is stored as attributes for each soil. Algorithms are then prepared which evaluate the appropriate data base attributes (e.g. texture, slope) for each interpretation. Forty surface soil erosion potential maps were produced for the Lower Fraser Valley which identify the most erosion-prone areas and indicate average potential soil losses to be expected under assumed conditions. The algorithm developed follows the universal soil loss equation. Differences across the landscape in the R, K, and S factors are taken into account whereas the L factor is considered as a constant equal to 1.0. Worst conditions of bare soil (no crop cover, i.e. C = 1.0) and no erosion control practices (i.e. P = 1.0) are assumed. The five surface soil erosion potential classes are determined by a weighted average annual soil loss value based both on the upper 20 cm of mineral soil and on the proportion of the various soils in the polygon. A unique polygon number shown on the erosion potential map provides a link to computer tables which give additional information for each individual soil within that polygon. Key words: Erosion, computer mapping, USLE
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Wilken, Florian, Michael Ketterer, Sylvia Koszinski, Michael Sommer, and Peter Fiener. "Understanding the role of water and tillage erosion from <sup>239+240</sup>Pu tracer measurements using inverse modelling." SOIL 6, no. 2 (2020): 549–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/soil-6-549-2020.
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Abstract. Soil redistribution on arable land is a major threat for a sustainable use of soil resources. The majority of soil redistribution studies focus on water erosion, while wind and tillage erosion also induce pronounced redistribution of soil materials. Tillage erosion especially is understudied, as it does not lead to visible off-site damages. The analysis of on-site/in-field soil redistribution is mostly based on tracer studies, where radionuclide tracers (e.g. 137Cs, 239+240Pu) from nuclear weapon tests are commonly used to derive the erosion history over the past 50–60 years. Tracer studies allow us to determine soil redistribution patterns but integrate all types of soil redistribution processes and hence do not allow us to unravel the contribution of individual erosion processes. The aim of this study is to understand the contribution of water and tillage erosion leading to soil patterns found in a small hummocky ground moraine kettle hole catchment under intensive agricultural use. Therefore, 239+240Pu-derived soil redistribution patterns were analysed using an inverse modelling approach accounting for water and tillage erosion processes. The results of this analysis clearly point out that tillage erosion is the dominant process of soil redistribution in the study catchment, which also affects the hydrological and sedimentological connectivity between arable land and the kettle hole. A topographic change up to 17 cm (53 yr)−1 in the eroded parts of the catchment is not able to explain the current soil profile truncation that exceeds the 239+240Pu-derived topographic change substantially. Hence, tillage erosion already started before the onset of intense mechanisation since the 1960s. In general, the study stresses the urgent need to consider tillage erosion as a major soil degradation process that can be the dominant soil redistribution process in sloped arable landscapes.
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West, A. J., M. Arnold, G. AumaÎtre, et al. "High natural erosion rates are the backdrop for present-day soil erosion in the agricultural Middle Hills of Nepal." Earth Surface Dynamics 3, no. 3 (2015): 363–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esurf-3-363-2015.
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Abstract. Although agriculturally accelerated soil erosion is implicated in the unsustainable environmental degradation of mountain environments, such as in the Himalaya, the effects of land use can be challenging to quantify in many mountain settings because of the high and variable natural background rates of erosion. In this study, we present new long-term denudation rates, derived from cosmogenic 10Be analysis of quartz in river sediment from the Likhu Khola, a small agricultural river basin in the Middle Hills of central Nepal. Calculated long-term denudation rates, which reflect background natural erosion processes over 1000+ years prior to agricultural intensification, are similar to present-day sediment yields and to soil loss rates from terraces that are well maintained. Similarity in short- and long-term catchment-wide erosion rates for the Likhu is consistent with data from elsewhere in the Nepal Middle Hills but contrasts with the very large increases in short-term erosion rates seen in agricultural catchments in other steep mountain settings. Our results suggest that the large sediment fluxes exported from the Likhu and other Middle Hills rivers in the Himalaya are derived in large part from natural processes, rather than from soil erosion as a result of agricultural activity. Catchment-scale erosional fluxes may be similar over short and long timescales if both are dominated by mass wasting sources such as gullies, landslides, and debris flows (e.g., as is evident in the landslide-dominated Khudi Khola of the Nepal High Himalaya, based on compiled data). As a consequence, simple comparison of catchment-scale fluxes will not necessarily pinpoint land use effects on soils where these are only a small part of the total erosion budget, unless rates of mass wasting are also considered. Estimates of the mass wasting contribution to erosion in the Likhu imply catchment-averaged soil production rates on the order of ~ 0.25–0.35 mm yr−1, though rates of mass wasting are poorly constrained. The deficit between our best estimates for soil production rates and measurements of soil loss rates supports conclusions from previous studies that terraced agriculture in the Likhu may not be associated with a large systematic soil deficit, at least when terraces are well maintained, but that poorly managed terraces, forest, and scrubland may lead to rapid depletion of soil resources.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Soil erosion. eng"
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Sanchez, Rodrigo Baracat. "Agricultura de precisão em argissolo com variação nas formas de relevo sob o cultivo de cana-de-açúcar /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105283.
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Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi a aplicação de métodos de agricultura de precisão e modelos matemáticos em um argissolo com variações na forma do relevo sob cultivo de cana-de-açúcar na região de Catanduva (SP). A área estudada apresentou duas diferentes pedoformas (uma côncava, C+P+, e outra convexa, C-P-). Numa área total de 200 ha, instalou-se uma malha contendo 623 pontos espaçados por uma distância de 50 metros a fim de analisar a variabilidade espacial dos atributos granulométricos e químicos do solo, e a qualidade da matéria-prima (ART - açúcares redutores totais). Nessa mesma área, foi confeccionada outra malha contendo 188 pontos espaçados por uma distância de 150 metros para análise espacial da espessura do horizonte A + E. Amostras de solos foram coletadas em todos os pontos da malha, na profundidade 0,0-0,2 metro, e análises granulométricas, químicas e de qualidade foram feitas em laboratórios. Calculou-se a estatística descritiva, e a dependência espacial entre as amostras foi determinada utilizando-se semivariogramas. Mapas de krigagem foram confeccionados para os atributos estudados. Os resultados mostraram que a utilização da agricultura de precisão e modelo matemático é a forma mais eficaz na redução de custos para aplicação de adubos. Nessas condições, a pedoforma côncava necessitou de 12% a menos de fertilizantes quando comparada com a pedoforma convexa. Esses resultados corroboram a maior fertilidade da área côncava, que também possui menor taxa de erosão e maior espessura do horizonte A + E. Ressalta-se que a modelagem matemática apresenta índices para a redução de custos. Com isso, o uso de técnicas de agricultura de precisão poderá, ao longo dos anos, trazer ganhos significativos nos sistemas de produção, pois este identifica zonas específicas de manejo.<br>Abstract: The aim of this work was to apply precision agriculture and mathematical models in order to reduce the fertilization cost of a red-yellow Argissol cultivated with sugar cane in different pedoforms (concave, C + P +, and convex, CP-) located in the region of Catanduva (SP) . A grid having 623 points was installed in an area of 200 ha, whith points spaced by 50 meters, in order to analyze the spatial variability of the texture parameters, soil fertility and amount of raw material (TRS-total reducing sugars). In the same area another grid having 188 points was installed, with minumum distance of 150 meters, in order to provide the spatial analysis of the A+E soil horizon thicknesses. Soil samples were collected in all grid points in the depth of 0,0-0,2 meters. They were submitted to texture, fertility and quality analyzes in a laboratory. Descriptive statistics was calculated and spatial dependence of samples determined by using semivariograms. Maps of kriging were made for all the studied attributes. Results showed that the use of precision agriculture coupled with mathematical modelling is the most effective way to reduce costs for fertilizers application. The concave pedoform needed 12% less fertilizer when compared to the convex pedoform. These results are in accordance with the higher fertility of concave pedoform that has also lower erosion rates and higher horizon thickness. Another result obtained from the mathematical modeling is the derivation of specific indexes for cost reduction. We believe that the application of precision agriculture over the next years could bring significant gains in production, as this technique identifies areas demanding specific management.<br>Orientador: José Marques Junior<br>Coorientador: Gener Tadeu Pereira<br>Banca: Marcílio Vieira Martins Filho<br>Banca: Ailto Antonio Casagrande<br>Banca: Zigomar Menezes de Souza<br>Banca: José Paulo Molin<br>Doutor
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Francisco, Alyson Bueno. "O processo de voçorocamento no perímetro urbano de Rancharia-SP : sua dinâmica e as propostas de recuperação /." Presidente Prudente : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96673.
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Orientador: João Osvaldo Rodrigues Nunes<br>Banca: Antonio Manoel dos Santos Oliveira<br>Banca: Edson Luís Piroli<br>Resumo: A erosão de solos tornou-se um problema ambiental e social, sendo a erosão linear do tipo voçorocamento a mais impactante. Inúmeras cidades vivenciam as consequências causadas pelas voçorocas localizadas nas áreas de baixas vertentes e fundos de vale, e os custos ao poder público para a recuperação destas áreas degradadas é significativo. Diante deste cenário preocupante, este trabalho visou apresentar a dinâmica de um processo de voçorocamento localizado na periferia da cidade de Rancharia-SP, na escala espacial e temporal, tendo como objetivo principal apresentar propostas para o controle da erosão acelerada. Através do método das estacas foi possível apontar as áreas com maiores taxas erosivas laminares e lineares, em uma parcela da área degradada. No método de barramentos com o uso de bambus e pneus, implantados em canais de escoamento concentrado, foi possível constatar que a metodologia de baixo custo apresentou resultados positivos, com a queda das taxas de erosão e regeneração da vegetação rasteira. Além dos resultados experimentais de campo, o trabalho relacionou os elementos da paisagem com a dinâmica do processo erosivo e apresentou as políticas de controle de erosão urbana, procurando apontar as alternativas viáveis na recuperação de áreas degradadas.<br>Abstract: The soil erosion has become an environmental and social problem, and the linear erosion of the most striking type gully. Many cities experience the consequences caused by the gullies located in areas of lower slopes and valley bottoms, and the costs to the government to recover these degraded areas is significant. Faced with this troubling scenario, this work was to present the dynamics of a process of gullies located on the outskirts of Rancharia, Sao Paulo State, at spatial and temporal scale, having as main objective to present proposals to control accelerated erosion. Through the method of cutting was possible to identify the areas with increased rates of erosion laminar and linear in a portion of the degraded area. In the method of barriers with the use of bamboo and tires, set up in outlets concentrated, it was established that the low-cost method showed positive results, with falling rates of erosion and regeneration of undergrowth. In addition to the experimental results of field work related elements of the landscape with the dynamics of erosion and introduced policies of urban erosion control, trying to point out viable alternatives in the recovery of degraded areas.<br>Mestre
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Silva, Ramon Felipe Bicudo da 1981. "Planejamento do uso do solo em uma bacia hidrográfica para conservação dos recursos hídricos /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/93819.
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Orientador: Célia Regina Lopes Zimback<br>Banca: Sérgio Lazaro de Lima<br>Banca: Silvio Frosini de Barros Ferraz<br>Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi construir um banco de dados digital do meio físico e desenvolver uma metodologia para a definição das áreas hidrologicamente importantes no ciclo hidrológico em uma sub-bacia hidrográfica, visando à priorização destas áreas em planos de recuperação de áreas degradadas, compensações florestais ou uso sustentado por meio de práticas de manejo conservacionistas. A sub-bacia hidrográfica pesquisada, localizada no interior do estado de São Paulo, estende-se sobre o Reverso da Cuesta, atravessando o Front e com sua foz na Depressão Periférica, no Rio Tietê. A cobertura do solo predominante é a cana-de-açúcar - 38% (10423 ha). O levantamento de solos em nível semidetalhado identificou uma série de comportamentos expressos através de diferentes tipos de solos relacionados com declividade, proximidade ao Front da Cuesta, rede de drenagem ou mesmo à Depressão Periférica onde a rocha originária são os arenitos Botucatu e Pirambóia ou ao Reverso da Cuesta onde a rocha originária é o arenito Marília. O uso do Geoprocessamento permitiu equacionar um volume de informações em velocidade e precisão que a mente humana não seria capaz de processar em igual desempenho. A partir dos resultados da pesquisa, pôde-se concluir que: o desenvolvimento de um mapa semidetalhado de solos foi fundamental para a obtenção de informações sobre os comportamentos das diferentes unidades pedológicas da subbacia frente às respostas na sua interação com a água<br>Abstract: The objective of the Project was build a digital data base of the physical environment and develop a methodology to the definition of sensible areas for the hydrological process on a watershed, allocation these areas for environmental restoration planning, forestry practices and sustainable use by conservations practices of the management. The watershed is located at the country of Sao Paulo State and spread out above the Reverse of the Cuesta, crossing the Front reaching your river mouth in the Periferic Depression, at Tietê River. The predominant land cover is sugar cane - 38% (10423 ha). The soil survey at the semidetailed level has been identified a number os behaviors expressed by the different kinds of soil and their relationships with slope, proximity of the Front, water drainage and even Periferic Depression where the original rock is Botucatu sandstone, and in the Reverse is the Marília sandstone. The Geoprocessing approach allowed to equate an amount of geoinformations with a high speed and precision that would be impossible by the human mind in equal performance. In according with the results of the research, could be conclude that: the developing of the semidetailed soil map was fundamental for the informations about the behaviors of the soil units in their interactions with water<br>Mestre
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Morais, Tatiane Pereira Santos. "Avaliação dos atributos do solo sob diferentes ocupações na microbacia hidrográfica do córrego da Fazenda Glória Em Taquaritinga (SP) /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100854.
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Orientadora: Teresa Cristina Tarlé Pissarra<br>Banca: Renato Farias do Valle Junior<br>Banca: Sérgio Campos<br>Banca: José Frederico Centurion<br>Banca: João Antonio Galbiatti<br>Resumo: A retirada da cobertura vegetal original e a implantação de áreas de pastagem e canade- açúcar, com práticas de manejo inadequadas, acarretam modificações nas propriedades químicas, físicas e biológicas dos solos, com limitações na utilização agrícola e susceptibilidade à erosão. Assim, estudos dos processos físicos e químicos são importantes para avaliar as mudanças de origem natural ou antrópica sobre os meios. O estudo teve como objetivos avaliar os atributos químicos e físicos de um Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo em três microbacias hidrográficas, em áreas de vegetação nativa, pastagem e cana-de-açúcar bem como analisar a ocorrência das áreas de maior escoamento superficial e, consequentemente, maior predisposição ao processo erosivo nas microbacias. A área de estudo compreendeu a microbacia hidrográfica do Córrego da Fazenda Glória, Município de Taquaritinga, Estado de São Paulo. Para a amostragem do solo foi realizada a caracterização do volume superficial, e essas amostras foram coletadas na superfície das vertentes das microbacias e em cada uso/ocupação selecionado. Os resultados obtidos foram avaliados por meio da comparação de médias para o teste de Tukey a 5%. A partir das curvas de nível da carta topográfica e dos pontos levantados com receptor geodésico de navegação com metodologia diferencial foi gerado uma malha de pontos georreferenciados em cada microbacia, para gerar o modelo numérico do terreno a partir da incorporação dos divisores de água e da rede de drenagem. As avaliações dos atributos físicos e químicos dos solos nas microbacias hidrográficas e em diferentes tipos de uso e ocupação demonstraram uma diferença significativa entre as áreas. O manejo do solo alterou os atributos químicos e físicos com impacto nas camadas superficiais do solo. A matéria orgânica foi um dos atributos mais sensíveis... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)<br>Abstract: The removal of original vegetation cover and the deployment of pastures and sugarcane, with inadequate management practices, cause changes in the chemical, physical and biological properties of soils, with limitations on agricultural use and susceptibility to erosion. Thus, studies of physical and chemical processes are important to assess changes of natural development or anthropic on the means. The study was conducted to evaluate the physical and chemical attributes of a Ultisol in three watersheds, in areas of native vegetation, pasture and sugarcane, as well as, analyze the occurrence of the areas of greatest runoff and, consequently, greater predisposition to erosive processes in watersheds. The study area was the Córrego da Fazenda Glória watershed, Municipality of Taquaritinga, State of São Paulo. Soil sampling was performed to characterize the superficial volume, and these samples were collected on the surface of the watersheds and in three different land use selected. The results obtained were evaluated by the comparison of averages for the Tukey test at 5%. From the curves in a topographical map and from points collected with geodetic navigation receiver in a differential methodology was generated a digital elevation method in each watersheds. The assessments of physical and chemical attributes of soils in hydrographic watersheds and different land uses demonstrated a significant difference between the areas. Soil management altered the chemical and physical attributes impact in the soil superficial layers. The organic matter was one of the attributes more sensitive to changes due to agricultural practices. The digital terrain model showed a great potential, considering the scale of study of watersheds; and can help in spatial planning, urban and regional planning and zoning<br>Doutor
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Andrade, Nilo Sérgio Ferreira de. "Valoração econômica das perdas de nutrientes por erosão em cana-de-açúcar /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100851.
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Orientador: Marcílio Vieira Martins Filho<br>Banca: Zigomar Meneses de Souza<br>Banca: José Luiz Rodrigues Torres<br>Banca: Afonso Lopes<br>Banca: Maria Ignez Espagnoli Geraldo Martins<br>Resumo: O objetivo geral deste trabalho foi demonstrar o valor econômico das perdas de nutrientes por erosão do solo, no cultivo da cana-de-açúcar. Especificamente, avaliar as perdas de nutrientes por erosão (P, K, Ca e Mg), o custo de reposição de nutrientes e de produção da cana, e os indicadores de análise de investimentos: valor presente líquido, taxa interna de retorno e a relação benefício / custo em dois sistemas de colheita (cana crua e queimada) em Catanduva - SP, em área de 100 ha para cada sistema, formadas e colhidas no mesmo período de (2002 a 2007), com similaridade quanto ao tipo de solo, variedade, topografia e número de cortes. A metodologia baseou-se na equação universal da perda de solos, teoria dos custos de produção e de reposição de nutrientes, e teoria dos indicadores das análises de investimentos. Estimou-se que a área com cana queimada perdeu mais nutrientes em todos os cortes, por isso o maior custo médio de reposição de nutrientes R$ 33,93 ha-1 ano-1, sendo de R$ 21,12 ha-1 ano-1 para a cana crua. O menor custo de produção foi da cana crua em todos os cortes, média de R$ 29,60 t-1, sendo de R$ 32,71 t-1 para a queimada. A cana crua apresentou um lucro médio de R$ 5,70 t-1 (R$ 562,87 ha-1 ano-1) e a queimada de R$ 2,59 t-1 (R$ 217,46 ha-1 ano-1). O retorno econômico da cana crua é superior ao da cana queimada, evidenciado ainda mais por meio dos resultados obtidos pelos dois sistemas de colheita, considerando-se índices de análises de investimentos (VPL, TIR, B/C). Conclui-se que a cana crua apresentou o melhor retorno técnico e econômico em virtude de proporcionar melhor conservação do solo e da água, a qual foi valorada pelo custo de reposição de nutrientes perdidos por erosão<br>Abstract: The general objective of this work was to demonstrate the economic value of nutrients loss by soil erosion in sugarcane cultivation. Specifically, It was to evaluate the nutrient loss through erosion (P, K, Ca and Mg), the cost of replacing the nutrients and the production of sugar cane, and also the indicators of investment analysis: liquid present value, the internal return tax, and the benefit cost relation in two harvesting systems (raw cane and burnt) in Catanduva, São Paulo state, Brazil. An area of 100 ha was studied for each system, formed and harvested in the same period (2002 and 2007), with similarities in the type of soil, variety, topography, and the number of cuts. The methodology was based on the universal equation of soil loss and the theory of production costs and the replacement of nutrients. It was estimated that an area of burnt sugar cane lost more nutrients in all of the cuts, thus it has the highest average cost of replacing the nutrients, BRR$33.93 ha-1 year-1, compared with BRR$21.12 ha-1 year-1 for raw cane. The lowest production cost was with raw cane in all of the cuts, with an average of BRR$29.60 t-1, compared to BRR$32.71 t-1 for burnt cane. Raw cane presents an average profit of BRR$5.70 t-1 (BRR$562.87 ha-1 year-1) and burnt BRR$2.59 t-1 (BRR$217.46 ha-1 year-1). The economic return on raw cane is higher than that of burnt cane, which is proven from the results obtained from the two systems of harvesting through the analysis of the investment indexes (LPV, IRT, B/C). We can conclude that raw cane presents the best technical and economic return in its ability to better conserve soil and water, which is valued in the cost of nutrient replacement and losses through erosion<br>Doutor
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Borges, Patrícia. "A evolução dos processos erosivos na Bacia do Ribeirão Alam Grei - SP : uma contribuição ao planejamento ambiental /." Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95647.
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Orientador: Cenira Maria Lupinacci da Cunha<br>Banca: Regina Célia de Oliveira<br>Banca: Antonio Carlos Tavares<br>Acompanha 14 mapas anexos<br>Resumo: A problemática ambiental da erosão dos solos tem se intensificado nos dias atuais, sendo alvo de vários estudos e pesquisas que visam buscar soluções frente a problemática do esgotamento dos solos, principalmente àqueles submetidos às praticas agrícolas. A bacia hidrográfica do Alam Grei é uma destas áreas que vêm sofrendo com o desencadeamento dos processos erosivos em toda a sua extensão, na qual se constata que a alteração antrópica, principalmente com a retirada da mata original para o uso de pastagens, plantação de cana-de-açúcar e áreas construídas, vem acarretando a formação de feições geomorfológicas que indicam tais processos em seus vários estágios de evolução. Desta forma, a pesquisa proposta tem por objetivo avaliar historicamente o comportamento dos processos erosivos na bacia do Ribeirão Alam Grei por meio da Equação Universal de Perdas de Solo nos anos de 1972, 1995 e 2008, visando assim, oferecer informações que contribuam para o planejamento ambiental da bacia para que as ações nela desenvolvidas venham ser compatíveis com a capacidade de suporte do meio físico da área.<br>Abstract: Nowadays the environmental problem of soil erosion has gotten bigger and has been a target of several studies and researches that aim to look for solutions to the problem of the soil exhaustion, mainly those ones submitted to agricultural practice. Alam Grei's hydrographic basin is one of these areas that are suffering with erosive processes in all its extension where it is possible to verify that the anthropic alteration, mainly because of the removal of the original forest for pasture, sugarcane plantation and built areas, has been causing the formation of geomorphologic features which indicate such processes in their several evolution stages. So, the proposed research aims to historically evaluate the behavior of the erosive processes in the basin of Alam Grei streamlet through the Universal Soil Loss Equation in 1972, 1995 and 2008, seeking to offer information to contribute to the environmental planning of the basin so that the actions developed there come to be compatible with the support capacity of the area physical environment.<br>Mestre
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Costa, Carla Deisiane de Oliveira 1984. "Escoamento superficial e risco de erosão do solo na sub-bacia Jardim Novo Horizonte, Município de Ilha Solteira-SP /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/93797.
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Orientador: Antônio de Pádua Sousa<br>Banca: Marlene Cristina Alves<br>Banca: João Antonio Galbiatti<br>Resumo: A Sub-Bacia Jardim Novo Horizonte está localizada no município de Ilha Solteira, noroeste do Estado de São Paulo. Esta região apresenta graves problemas ambientais, como erosão do solo e assoreamento dos rios, além da escassez de vegetação nativa. As classes de solos presentes na Sub-Bacia são o Latossolo Vermelho e o Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo. A presente pesquisa foi realizada com o objetivo de estudar algumas propriedades físicas que interferem na dinâmica da água nos solos da Sub-Bacia Jardim Novo Horizonte, a capacidade de drenagem da Sub-bacia e o escoamento superficial, para o conhecimento dos locais de risco de erosão e de degradação do solo. Foram realizadas análises físicas e químicas dos solos sob diferentes usos e manejos. A coleta de solo foi realizada em dez locais ao longo da Sub-Bacia, sendo sete localizados no Latossolo e três no Argissolo, cada local amostrado constou de cinco repetições. No Latossolo foram amostrados os usos: cultura da manga, quatro locais com pastagem, cultura anual e vegetação degradada com pequenos fragmentos de vegetação nativa em área de transição entre o Latossolo e o Argissolo. No Argissolo foram amostrados os usos: dois locais com pastagem e cultura anual. Os resultados das propriedades físicas, químicas e relacionadas à dinâmica da água nos solos foram submetidos à análise conjunta para cada classe de solo e teste de Tukey, sendo utilizado o programa computacional SAS. A simulação do escoamento superficial foi realizada utilizando-se o programa computacional SIMHUNER. Constatou-se a partir dos dados obtidos que a degradação de algumas propriedades físicas e químicas do Latossolo pelo uso e manejo causa maior risco de erosão para a Sub-bacia Jardim Novo Horizonte. As taxas de infiltração da água nos solos moderadas e rápidas promovem baixo escoamento superficial... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)<br>Abstract: The sub-watershed Jardim Novo Horizonte is located in Ilha Solteira-SP, Brazil, in the northeast of São Paulo State. This region shows grave environment problems, such as soil erosion and river sedimentation, as well as few native forests. Soils in the sub-watershed are classified as Red Oxisol and Red-Yellow Alfisol. This research had the objective of studying soil physical attributes that affect water dynamics, drainage capacity of the sub-watershed and surface runoff in the sub-watershed Jardim Novo Horizonte, contributing to identify areas of erosion risk and soil degradation. Soil physical and chemical properties were evaluated under different cropping systems. Sampling took place in ten spots along the sub-watershed. Seven and three samples were taken from the Oxisol and Alfisol, respectively. Five replications were evaluated for each place. The following systems were sampled from the Oxisol: area cropped with mango, four areas under pasture, area with annual crop and degraded area with fragments of native forest in a transition between the Oxisol and the Alfisol. Two places under pasture and annual crop were sampled in the Alfisol. Results of physical and chemical attributes, as well as water dynamics in soil, were submitted to combined analysis for each soil class and to the Tukey test, using the SAS program. The simulation of surface runoff was carried through using the SIMHUNER program. Physical and chemical degradation of the Oxisol, caused by soil use and management, lead to higher erosion risk in the sub-watershed Jardim Novo Horizonte. Moderate and higher rates of water infiltration in soil cause low surface runoff. The sub-watershed showed good drainage capacity and low surface runoff. However, some region were more susceptible to erosion due to degradation of some soil attributes that affect water dynamics, mostly in the Oxisol.<br>Mestre
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Casarin, Rui Donizete 1955. "Controle de erosão em estradas rurais não pavimentadas, utilizando sistema de terraceamento com gradiente associado a bacias de captação /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/93814.
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Orientador: Eduardo Luiz de Oliveira<br>Banca: Raimundo Leite Cruz<br>Banca: Eliane Viviani<br>Resumo: A erosão provocada pela água no leito e nas margens das estradas rurais de terra está intimamente relacionada à má drenagem, sendo um dos principais fatores para sua degradação. Para que o sistema de drenagem seja feito de forma adequada é necessário o conhecimento da erodibilidade, capacidade de infiltração de água no solo e adoção de práticas mecânicas de elevação do greide e interceptação de águas através de dispositivos de captação. O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi desenvolver um sistema de contenção de águas pluviais em trecho de estrada rural encaixada no terreno, em solo do tipo Argissolo Distrófico Abrúptico de textura arenosa, com base em técnicas de abatimento de taludes, elevação do greide da estrada com abaulamento transversal e desviador do fluxo das águas, seguido de segmentos de terraços embutidos associados a bacias de captação. A área de estudo é em contorno a um trecho da estrada Rural PLA 06 localizada na região Centro-Oeste do Estado de São Paulo com coordenadas geográficas no espigão: Latitude 22º 34'54"S e Longitude 49º 25'02"O e altitude 594 metros e, na parte baixa do trecho: Latitude 22º34'53"S e longitude 49º24'34"O e altitude 544 metros. 22º34'53"S e longitude 49º24'34"O e altitude 544 metros. As frações granulométricas ...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)<br>Abstract: The erosion caused by water in the roadbeds and at the margins of terrene roads in rural areas is closely related to poor drainage, one of the main factors to their degradation. For the drainage system is done in an appropriate manner, knowledge of the erosionability and of the ability of water infiltration into the soil is necessary as well as the adoption of practices of mechanical roadbed lifting and interception of water through reception devices. The goal of this research was to develop a system to contain rain water in a rural stretch of road seated on the ground in the soil type Abruptic Distrophic Argisol of sandy texture, based on techniques for abatement of embankments, raising the roadbeds across the road with bulging deflector and the flow of water, followed by segments of terraces built in association with the catchment basins. The study outline comprehends a stretch of the rural road PLA 06 located in the Central West of Sao Paulo State in the jetty with geographic coordinates: latitude 22 ° 34 '54" S and longitude 49 ° 25' 02"; the altitude is of 594 meters and, at the bottom of the extension: latitude 22 ° 34'53" S and longitude 49 ° 24'34". The altitude in this stretch is 544 meters... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)<br>Mestre
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Mesquita, Marisa Vianna. "Degradação do meio físico em loteamento nos bairros Invernada, Fortaleza e Água Azul, como estudos de casos da expansão urbana do município de Guarulhos (SP) /." Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/102944.
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Orientador: Antonio Roberto Saad<br>Coorientador: Antonio Manoel dos Santos Oliveira<br>Banca: José Eduardo Zaine<br>Banca: Eduardo Soares de Macedo<br>Banca: Claudio José Ferreira<br>Banca: Marcio Roberto Magalhães de Andrade<br>Resumo: O município de Guarulhos, segunda maior cidade em população no Estado de São e pertencente à Região Metropolitana de São Paulo - RMSP vem sofrendo uma ocupação acelerada e desordenada ao longo de décadas. Dividido fisiograficamente em dois macrocompartimentos, separados pela Falha do Rio Jaguarí, Guarulhos possui na sua porção sul uma área já consolidada com terrenos mais apropriados à ocupação e com mais facilidade de acesso a serviços e infraestrtura. As áreas com problemas encontram-se na porção norte do município, que além de serem áreas com presença de declividades acentuadas, são ocupadas irregularmente, carentes em infraestrutura e planejamento do Poder Público. Resultado da pressão de ocupação na porção norte do município foram analisados três microbacias pertencentes aos Bairros Invernada, Fortaleza e Água Azul que possuem ocupações com históricos diferentes resultando ao longo do tempo em degradações ambientais principalmente no que se refere à dinâmica superficial. Para elaboração do Mapa de Degradação Ambiental para as três microbacias foram utilizados: o método de sobreposição de informações do IPT (2004) para as Microbacias Taquara do Reino (Bairro Invernada) e Guaraçau (Bairro Água Azul) e o método de Unidades Básicas de Compartimentação (UBCs) de Vedovello (2000) para a microbacia Lavras (Bairro Fortaleza). Os dados obtidos indicam que as três microbacias sofrem com a degradação ambiental, materializada em problemas de dinâmica superficial como escorregamentos nas regiões declivosas e um grande volume de assoreamentos, principalmente nas planícies aluvionares. A falta de planejamento e de infraestrutura nesses bairros corroboram para um aumento dessa degradação necessitando de cartografia geotécnica que possa auxiliar o Poder Público na melhor forma de uso do solo e a gerenciar os problemas existentes<br>Abstract: The municipality of Guarulhos, second large in population, state of São Paulo belongs to the RMSP - Metropolitan Region of São Paulo, has suffered from a disorderly and accelerated occupation during the decades. Fisiogeographically divided in two macro compartments, separated by Jaguari River Fault, Guarulhos has in its South portion a well done consolidated area more appropriate to land occupation resulting in facilities to access services and infrastructure as well. The biggest problems are in the Northern-part that beyond to be areas with an accentuated declivity, are irregularly occupied with no infrastrueture or governmental assistance planning. Due to the occupation stress in the Northern portion were analyzed three micro basins belonging to the Invernada, Fortaleza and Agua Azul Quarters with different historical occupations resulting in a short term in an environmental degradation especially regarding to dynamie surface. To elaborate the three micro basins Environmental Degradation Map were used two methods: overlaping information for the micro basins applied for Taquara do Reino (Invernada Quarter) and Guaraçau (Água Azul quarter) and the Compartimentation Basie Units methods applied to the Lavras micro basin (Fortaleza Quarter). The obtained datas suggest that the three basins suffer with the environmental degradation revealed in dynamic surface problems such as slide, a great volume of silting, mainly of the alluvial plains. The absence of planning and infrastructures in these places assure to an increase of this degradation, requiring geotechnical cartography in order to help the government to go on in a best way to use the land and manage the existing problems<br>Doutor
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Sherriff, Sophie C. "Soil erosion and suspended sediment dynamics in intensive agricultural catchments." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2015. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/e4d08cd3-dc85-4e0e-96e2-f76430ee27e3.
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Excessive delivery of fine sediment from agricultural river catchments to aquatic ecosystems can degrade chemical water quality and ecological habitats. Management of accelerated soil losses and the transmission of sediment-associated agricultural pollutants, such as phosphorus, is required to mitigate the drive towards sustainable intensification to increase global food security. Quantifying soil erosion and the pathways and fate of fine-grained sediment is presently under-researched worldwide, and particularly in Ireland. This thesis established a sediment monitoring network upon an existing catchment study programme (Agricultural Catchments Programme) in five instrumented catchments (~10 km2) across Ireland. The research used novel, high quality measurement and analysis techniques to quantify sediment export, determine controls on soil erosion and sediment transport, and identify sediment contributions from multiple sources in different agricultural systems over time to evaluate approaches to fine sediment management. Results showed suspended sediment measurement using a novel ex situ methodology was valid in two of the study catchments against in situ and direct depth-integrated cross-section methodologies. Suspended sediment yields in the five intensive agricultural catchments were relatively low compared to European catchments in the same climatic zone, attributed to regionally-specific land use patterns and land management practices expressed in terms of ‘landscape complexity’ (irregular, small field sizes partitioned by abundant hedgerows and high drainage ditch densities) resulting in low field-to-channel connectivity. Variations in suspended sediment yield between catchments were explained primarily by soil permeability and ground cover, whereby arable land use on poorly-drained soils were associated with the largest sediment yields. Storm-event sediment export and sediment fingerprinting data demonstrated that sediment connectivity fluctuations resulted from rainfall seasonality, which in turn regulated the contrasting spatial and temporal extent of surface hydrological pathways. Increased transport occurred when and where sediment sources were available as a result of hillslope land use (low groundcover) or channel characteristics. Field topsoils were most vulnerable when low groundcover coincided with surface hydrological pathways; frequently on poorly-drained soils and following extreme rainfall events on well-drained soils as storage decreased. Although well-drained soils currently demonstrate low water erosion risk, past sugar beet crops exposed freshly drilled soils during periods of greater rainfall risk and soil removal during crop harvesting. Sediment loss from grassland catchments dominated by poorly-drained soils and extensive land drainage (sub-surface and surface) primarily derived from channel banks due to the delivery of high velocity flows from up-catchment drained hillslopes. Catchment specific soil erosion and sediment loss mitigation measures are imperative to cost-effectively preserve or improve soil and freshwater ecosystem quality worldwide.
Books on the topic "Soil erosion. eng"
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Gardner, Gary T. Shrinking fields: Cropland loss in a world of eight billion. Edited by Peterson Jane A and Worldwatch Institute. Worldwatch Institute, 1996.
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Use of 137Cs for Soil Erosion Assessment. UN, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/40ec8289-en.
Full textBook chapters on the topic "Soil erosion. eng"
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Ali, Jauhar, Mahender Anumalla, Varunseelan Murugaiyan, and Zhikang Li. "Green Super Rice (GSR) Traits: Breeding and Genetics for Multiple Biotic and Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Rice." In Rice Improvement. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66530-2_3.
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AbstractThe frequent fluctuations in global climate variability (GCV), decreases in farmland and irrigation water, soil degradation and erosion, and increasing fertilizer costs are the significant factors in declining rice productivity, mainly in Asia and Africa. Under GCV scenarios, it is a challenging task to meet the rice food demand of the growing population. Identifying green traits (tolerance of biotic and abiotic stresses, nutrient-use efficiency, and nutritional grain quality) and stacking them in high-yielding elite genetic backgrounds is one promising approach to increase rice productivity. To this end, the Green Super Rice (GSR) breeding strategy helps to pool multi-stress-tolerance traits by stringent selection processes and to develop superior GSR cultivars within a short span of 4–5 years. In the crossing and selection process of GSR breeding, selective introgression lines (SILs) derived from sets of early backcross BC1F2 bulk populations through both target traits and non-target traits were selected. Genotyping of SILs with high-density SNP markers leads to the identification of a large number of SNP markers linked with the target green traits. The identified SILs with superior trait combinations were used for designed QTL pyramiding to combine different target green traits. The GSR breeding strategy also focused on nutrient- and water-use efficiency besides environment-friendly green features primarily to increase grain yield and income returns for resource-poor farmers. In this chapter, we have highlighted the GSR breeding strategy and QTL introgression of green traits in rice. This breeding strategy has successfully dissected many complex traits and also released several multi-stress-tolerant varieties with high grain yield and productivity in the target regions of Asia and Africa.
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Gillette, Dale, and H. Curtis Monger. "Eolian Processes on the Jornada Basin." In Structure and Function of a Chihuahuan Desert Ecosystem. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195117769.003.0013.
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In arid and semiarid lands, soil erosion by wind is an important process that affects both the surface features and the biological potential of the ecosystem. The eolian flux of soil nutrients into or out of an ecosystem results in enrichment or impoverishment of its biological potential. In the Jornada Basin, wind erosion is the only significant mechanism for the net loss of soil materials because fluvial processes do not remove materials from the basin. Vigorous wind erosion leads to topographic changes, altering the growing conditions for plants and animals. Examples of such changes in topography are the formation of sand dunes or the removal of whole soil horizons. Our goal in this chapter is to describe the construction of a mathematical model for wind erosion and dust production for the Jornada Basin. The model attempts to answer the following questions: 1. Which soils are affected by wind erosion? 2. How does wind erosion occur on Jornada soils? 3. Does changing vegetation cover lead to a change in the source/sink relationship? 4. Is the Jornada a source or sink of eolian materials? If it is a source, what materials are lost? 5. How does wind erosion change the soil-forming process? We will provide provisional answers for the questions and outline work that will more clearly define these answers. Airborne dust has a significant residence time in the atmosphere and acts to modify the radiative properties of the atmosphere, mainly by back-scattering the incoming solar radiation (Andreae 1996). Changing land uses in arid and semiarid areas (e.g., overgrazing and cultivation) can drastically alter the dust emissions to the atmosphere (Tegen et al. 1996). The climatic effects of soil-derived dust were investigated in an experiment in central Asia (Golitsyn and Gillette 1993). Using measured size distributions for emitted dust (Sviridenkov et al. 1993) and various real and imaginary indices of refraction (Sokolik et al. 1993), Sokolik and Golitsyn (1993) calculated climatic effects. Atmospheric dust decreased the total radiative balance of the underlying surface and at the same time induced general warming of the underlying surface–atmosphere system due to a decrease in the system albedo over the arid zones.
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Chibuzor Okenmuo, Frank. "Erosion Quantification and Management: Southeastern Nigeria Case Study." In Landscape Architecture [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99551.
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Soil erosion in Southeastern Nigeria is assuming an unusual dimension despite efforts by successive governments to control the phenomenon. Agronomic activities on eroding surfaces can give rise to landscapes much different from the original. Research activities in erosion quantification, the findings and how their applications have contributed to soil erosion management are highlighted. A key factor is the community efforts which have been relegated to a top-down approach occasioned by land use, land tenure and technological changes. The system is often a preventive management approach which achieves ecological and economic benefits. This chapter also discusses the indigenous methods of soil conservation and proposes their inclusions for sustainable management. To manage soil erosion in the region, emphasis must be placed on preventive management rather than crisis-management. Such approach will ensure that fewer resources are expended and land is appropriately conserved. To this end, soil can play its many environmental roles adequately.
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"Soil: Water and wind erosion." In OECD Compendium of Agri-environmental Indicators. OECD, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264186217-9-en.
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"Purpose and methods measuring soil erosion." In Use of 137Cs for Soil Erosion Assessment. UN, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/82b377ef-en.
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"Advantages of 137Cs method." In Use of 137Cs for Soil Erosion Assessment. UN, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/449dba8f-en.
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"Conversion of 137Cs data to soil loss values." In Use of 137Cs for Soil Erosion Assessment. UN, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/f97b428f-en.
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"Site selection and sampling strategy." In Use of 137Cs for Soil Erosion Assessment. UN, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/dcb3a001-en.
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"References." In Use of 137Cs for Soil Erosion Assessment. UN, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/cf6b9482-en.
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"Principles of 137Cs method." In Use of 137Cs for Soil Erosion Assessment. UN, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/c01ac0e2-en.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Soil erosion. eng"
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Israr, Jahanzaib, Buddhima Indraratna, and Cholachat Rujikiatkamjorn. "Experimental Investigation into Internal Erosion Potential for Granular Filters." In The 13th Baltic Sea Region Geotechnical Conference. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13bsgc.2016.037.
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Internal erosion is a phenomenon whereby the filtrates under the influence of significant seepage forces accompany the finer fraction from potential internally unstable filters (e.g. broadly- and gap-graded soil), occasionally rendering them ineffective. The filter assessment for internal erosion or instability potential is emphasized through particle size distribution based geometrical criteria ignoring the effect of compaction. In this study, the results of hydraulic gradient controlled internal erosion tests conducted over a wide range of compacted sand-gravel mixtures were used to analyse some of the available geometrical criteria, which interestingly showed partial success in assessing the filter’s internal erosion potential. It was revealed that the occurrence of internal erosion is a combined function of particle size distribution and the relative density of soils that had been ignored in many of the existing criteria. A comparison between the assessments obtained from some of the particle size based criteria and that from a constriction size based technique was reported for a large body of published data. It was observed that the latter criterion, which incorporates the effects of both particle size distribution and relative density of soils in tandem, could assess the reported test results with higher accuracy.
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Bubel, Julian, Marc-André Pick, and Jürgen Grabe. "Stability of Artificial Subaqueous Slopes in Sandy Soils Under Wave Loads." In ASME 2015 34th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2015-41827.
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Shallow foundation structures in marine environments can rarely be placed on top of the sea floor. Weak soils usually need to be excavated to place the structure on more stable ground. Steep but stable slopes of the resulting pit meet both economic and ecologic aims as they minimise material movement and sediment disturbance. This paper focuses changes of geometry of submarine slopes in non-cohesive soils (erosion, sedimentation, breach failure, liquefaction failure) due to surface waves. After Terzaghi the angle between slope and the horizontal of the ground surface of cohesionless soil is at most equal to the critical state friction angle, as obviously true for dry soil. However, it can be observed that natural submarine slopes of sandy soils are always mildly sloped. During the construction of artificial submarine pits under offshore conditions it should be considered that the long-term slope-inclination is less than onshore due to hydrodynamic actions (e. g. flow, waves, earthquakes). Large surface waves cause excess pore water pressures within the soil body, leading to a reduction of effective stresses and in case of submarine slopes to changes of the slope geometry depending on wave length L, wave height H, water depth h and soil properties (permeability k, relative density Dr). During our preliminary work we investigated such processes based on the coupling of linear wave theory and linear quasistatic consolidation theory (e.g. [1]). With the help of numerical modelling we solved corresponding equations considering also materially nonlinear consolidation. However, deformations were always limited by used Lagrangian-FEM. Recent developments at our Institute enable the use of an Eulerian-FEM approach with an u-p-Formulation for fully saturated soil [2]. This allows larger deformations of the subaqueous slope to be numerically investigated.
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Shafer, David S., David DuBois, Vic Etyemezian, et al. "Fire as a Long-Term Stewardship Issue for Soils Contaminated With Radionuclides in the Western U.S." In The 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2007-7181.
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On both U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and U.S. Department of Defense sites in the southwestern United States (U.S.), significant areas of surface soils are contaminated with radionuclides from atmospheric nuclear testing, and with depleted uranium, primarily from military training. At DOE sites in Nevada, the proposed regulatory closure strategy for most sites is to leave contaminants in place with administrative controls and periodic monitoring. Closure-in-place is considered an acceptable strategy because the contaminated sites exist on access-restricted facilities, decreasing the potential risk to public receptor, the high cost and feasibility of excavating contaminated soils over large areas, and the environmental impacts of excavating desert soils that recover very slowly from disturbance. The largest of the contaminated sites on the Tonopah Test Range in Nevada covers over 1,200 hectares. However, a factor that has not been fully investigated in the long-term stewardship of these sites is the potential effects of fires. Because of the long half-lives of some of the contaminants (e.g., 24,100 years for 239Pu) and changes in land-cover and climatic factors that are increasing the frequency of fires throughout the western U.S., it should be assumed that all of these sites will eventually burn, possibly multiple times, during the timeframe when they still pose a risk. Two primary factors are contributing to increased fire frequency. The first is the spread of invasive grasses, particularly cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum and Bromus rubens), which have out-competed native annuals and invaded interspaces between shrubs, allowing fires to burn easier. The second is a sharp increase in fire frequency and size throughout the western U.S. beginning in the mid-1980s. This second factor appears to correlate with an increase in average spring and summer temperatures, which may be contributing to earlier loss of soil moisture and longer periods of dry plant biomass (particularly from annual plants). The potential risk to site workers from convective heat dispersion of radionuclide contaminants is an immediate concern during a fire. Long-term, post-fire concerns include potential changes in windblown suspension properties of contaminated soil particles after fires because of loss of vegetation cover and changes in soil properties, and soil erosion from surface water runoff and fluvial processes.
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Amórtegui Gil, José Vicente. "Risk Assessment of Hydrocarbon Pipelines Facing Natural Hazards." In ASME 2017 International Pipeline Geotechnical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipg2017-2513.
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Hydrocarbon pipelines are exposed to hazards from natural processes, which may affect their integrity and trigger processes that have consequences on the environment. Among the natural hazards are the effects of the earthquakes, the neotectonic activity, the volcanism, the weathering of soils and rocks, the landslides, the flows or avalanches of mud or debris, the processes related to sediment transport such as the erosion, the scour by streams, the floods and the sloughing due to rains. Those processes are sometimes related to each other, e.g. the earthquakes can produce slides, or movement of geological faults, or soil liquefaction; the rain can trigger landslides and can cause avalanches and mudslides or debris flow; the volcanic eruptions can originate landslides and avalanches, or pyroclastic flows. Human activities can also induce or accelerate “natural” processes that affect the integrity of the pipelines. The strength and stiffness of the pipelines allow them to tolerate the effects of natural hazards for some period of time. The amount of time depends on the strength and deformability, the stress state, the age, the conditions of installation and operation of the pipelines and their geometric arrangement with regard to the hazardous processes. In the programs for pipeline integrity management, the risk is defined as a function that relates the probability of the pipeline rupture and the consequences of the failure. However, some people define risk as the summation of the indicators of probability and consequences, such as a RAM matrix. Others define the risk as the product of the probability of failure times the cost of the consequences, while the overall function used to evaluate the rupture probability of a pipeline facing hazards considered in the ASME b31.8 S standard includes all the elements involved in the failure process. In that standard, for the specific analysis of natural hazards, it is proposed that the function is separated in the two following principal elements: the probability of occurrence of the threatening process (hazard) and the pipeline’s capacity to tolerate it. In this paper a general function is proposed, which is the product of the probability of occurrence of the threatening process, the vulnerability of the pipeline (expressed as the fraction of the potential damage the pipe can undergo), and the consequences of the pipeline failure (represented in the summation of the costs of the spilled product, its collection, the pipeline repair and the damages made by the rupture).
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Yadav, Udaivir, and Pawan Negi. "Free Span Rectifications in Submarine Pipeline Projects: A Case Study." In ASME 2017 India Oil and Gas Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/iogpc2017-2429.
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Seabed features along a subsea pipeline route are highly stochastic. Free spans may be created in the pipelines due to seabed irregularities, subsequent scouring, and horizontal movements of pipeline during operation. It is quite common to encounter free spanning sections along the pipeline route from the very start till the end. Spanning of subsea pipelines is a primary area of concern not only in the detailed design and installation stage but also during the operation stage. For ensuring the pipeline safety during operation, underwater surveys must be conducted at suitable intervals. The frequency of such pipeline free spanning surveys depends on the operators’ interest and the statutory requirements. The static and dynamic characteristic of the pipeline spans should be investigated to ensure that the pipeline can be operated within acceptable safety levels. The unsupported spans that incur static as well as dynamic loads on the pipeline, may lead to vortex-induced vibrations and ultimately fatigue, and thus affecting the pipeline serviceability and design life. Vortex induced vibrations are not allowed to occur in the operation life as far as the conventional design is considered but DNV - RP - F105 allows the onset of vortex induced vibrations provided that the fatigue damage due to vortex induced vibrations doesn’t exceed the allowable values. Pipe soil interaction has a huge impact on the pipeline design as well as the pipeline service life. Analysis of the existing conditions and stress levels based on the site-specific surveys and environmental data needs to be carefully carried out for determining the acceptability of spans and the effective intervention works if required. Hydrological studies and numerical modeling may also need to be carried out for sediment transportation analysis and for proper assessment & quantification of sea bed erosion, trenching and backfilling requirements. In the present work, the acceptable criteria in terms of static and dynamic stresses and fatigue damage limits due to vortex induced vibrations as per DNV - RP - F105 have been discussed. Further comprehensive analysis philosophy and the criticalities in the design analysis for free spanning of subsea pipeline are presented. A case study based on an offshore project in western India has been presented involving the major project issues. The main areas of concerns & challenges faced are examined in detail. Further study has been conducted for the other available strategic solutions in the VIV mitigation and rectification of free spanning sections.
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Saji, Genn. "“Long-Cell Action” Corrosion: A Basic Mechanism Hidden Behind Components Degradation Issues in Nuclear Power Plants." In 14th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone14-89350.
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In spite of industries’ effort over the last 40 years, corrosion-related issues continue to be one of the largest unresolved problems for nuclear power plants worldwide. There are several types of strange corrosion phenomena from the point of view of our current understanding of corrosion science established in other fields. Some of these are IGSCC, PWSCC, AOA, and FAC (Erosion-Corrosion). Through studying and coping with diverse corrosion phenomena, the author believes that they share a common basis with respect to the assumed corrosion mechanism (e.g., ‘local cell action’ hypothesis). In general, local cell action is rarely severe since it produces a fairly uniform corrosion. The ‘long cell action’ that transports electrons through structures far beyond the region of local cell corrosion activities has been identified as a basic mechanism in soil corrosion. If this mechanism is assumed in nuclear power plants, the structure becomes anodic in the area where the potential is less positive and cathodic where this potential is more positive. Metallic ions generated at anodic corrosion sites are transported to remote cathodic sites through the circulation of water and deposits as corrosion products. The SCC, FAC (E-C) and PWSCC occur in the anodic sites as the structure itself acts as a short-circuiting conductor between the two sites, the action is similar to a galvanic cell but in a very large scale. This situation is the same as a battery that has been short-circuited at the terminals. No apparent external potential difference exists between the two electrodes, but an electrochemical reaction is still taking place inside the battery cell with a large internal short current. In this example what is important is the potential difference between the local coolant and the surface of the structural material. Long cell action corrosion is likely enhancing the local cell action’s anodic corrosion activities, such as SCC, FAC/E-C, and PWSCC. It tends to be more hazardous because of its localized nature compared with the local cell action corrosion. There exist various mechanisms (electrochemical cell configurations) that induce such potential differences, including: ionic concentration, aeration, temperature, flow velocity, radiation and corrosion potentials. In this paper, the author will discuss these potential differences and their relevance to the un-resolved corrosion issues in nuclear power plants. Due to the importance of this potential mechanism the author is calling for further verification experiments as a joint international project.