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1
Hilimire, Kathleen, Stephen R. Gliessman, and Joji Muramoto. "Soil fertility and crop growth under poultry/crop integration." Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 28, no. 2 (June 15, 2012): 173–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s174217051200021x.
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AbstractInnovative sources of soil fertility are of utmost importance to growers in light of rising fertilizer costs and environmental concerns. Integrating livestock and crop production is one channel by which agricultural practitioners can enhance soil fertility. For this research, soil fertility was analyzed in pastured poultry/crop agroecosystems to determine whether free-ranging birds and pasture could be used to replace or supplement non-manure-based fertilizers. Soils from adjacent cropped areas were compared to plots with a recent history of pastured poultry use on two farms, and crop plants were grown in each type of soil in a replicated greenhouse experiment. Spatial variation in soil fertility was also assessed relative to location of poultry coops. Pastured poultry plots had elevated soil total C, total N, NH4+–N, NO3−–N, Olsen P, exchangeable K, organic matter, cation exchange capacity and electrical conductivity relative to the control of typically managed organic farm soils without pastured animal inputs. These soil fertility changes conferred greater biomass and height to sunflowers and beans grown in these soils relative to control soils for most treatments. Results suggest that pastured poultry can effectively fertilize soil for certain crops but that a need exists for more research into (1) phosphorus management and (2) ensuring a spatially uniform distribution of manure.
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Fukuda, Monrawee, Dohan M. Soma, Shinya Iwasaki, Satoshi Nakamura, Takashi Kanda, Korodjouma Ouattara, and Fujio Nagumo. "Site-specific responses of lowland rice to acidulated and calcined phosphate rock fertilizers in the Center-West region of Burkina Faso." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (April 19, 2021): e0250240. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250240.
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Soil phosphorus (P) deficiency is a major constraint of crop production in Sub-Saharan Africa. In particular, in the Sudano-Sahelian zone of Burkina Faso, P is rarely replenished as fertilizer supplies are limited in rural areas and because of the socio-economic situation of farmers. There is however, an abundance of local phosphate rock resource in the country. The development of local inorganic P fertilizers to improve crop production and replace the nutrients removed after harvesting, as well as to promote to sustainable agriculture, is desired. This study evaluated the efficiency of low-grade Burkina Faso phosphate rock (BPR)-based P fertilizers, produced by acidulation and calcination-the major fertilizer processing methods, on lowland rice production and the soil factors influencing their effectiveness. The results showed that the acidulated P fertilizers were as effective as conventional commercial P fertilizers on various soil types, textures, and fertility. Calcined P fertilizers were consistently effective on fine-textured soils with high basic fertility. It was found that fine soil texture and basic fertility of the initial soils were important factors in agronomic efficiency of BPR-based fertilizers and the resilience of rice production to climatic variability. It is recommended that soil type, with respect to soil texture, soil properties, inherent fertility, and water availability, should be considered when using BPR-based fertilizers for rice cultivation.
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Romanov, Evgeny, Dmitry Mukhortov, and Tatiana Nureeva. "Application of organic waste composts when producing forest planting material." Bulletin of the Faculty of Forestry, no. 113 (2016): 133–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsf1613133r.
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Most seedlings and saplings of woody plants in the Russian Federation are produced in the open ground in forest nurseries. In order to produce high quality planting material it is necessary to support and preserve soil fertility, which can be obtained by using organic wastes and organic-based fertilizers. Our research is aimed at the assessment of the influence of non-conventional organic fertilizers on fertility of podzols and on the growth rate of seedlings and saplings of woody plants in forest nurseries. Our research shows, that the application of non-conventional organic fertilizers does not result in any accumulation of heavy metal salts in podzols, but optimizes hydro physical and agrochemical properties of the ploughed horizon. The efficiency of non-conventional organic fertilizers depends on their composition, physical and chemical characteristics of the original components, their doses applied and original fertility of soils. A combined application of non-conventional organic fertilizers and sand results in the optimization of practically all soil fertility parameters in middle clay-loam soils, while application of non-conventional organic fertilizers and clay is optimal for application on light soils. The optimal application dose of non-conventional fertilizers depends on soil texture, woody species and the fertilizer composition. An optimal application dose for Norway spruce on a light clay-loam soil is 50-80 tons/ha, and on a middle clay-loam soil is 149-182 tons/ha. It is 50 tons/ha for Scots pine growing on a sandy loam soil, and 100 tons/ha for the same species growing on a sandy soil or a light clay-loam. For Siberian larch growing on a light clay-loam soil the dose of fertilizer applied should be 150 tons/ha. It is recommended to apply composts containing over 50% (by weight) of Category II wastes (substrate) for the amelioration of light soils, and composts containing over 40% (by weight) of Category I wastes (filler) for the amelioration of heavy soils. It would allow for the optimization of soil properties and production of better quality planting material in forest nurseries.
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Corrêa, Juliano Corulli, Agostinho Rebellatto, Marco André Grohskopf, Paulo Cezar Cassol, Paulo Hentz, and Amanda Zolet Rigo. "Soil fertility and agriculture yield with the application of organomineral or mineral fertilizers in solid and fluid forms." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 53, no. 5 (May 2018): 633–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2018000500012.
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Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of organomineral and mineral fertilizers, in their solid and fluid forms, on soils with variable charges with high fertility built up from nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium contents in the soil and plant, as well as on corn (Zea mays) and black oat (Avena strigosa) yield. The treatments consisted of one control and four fertilizers - two organomineral and two mineral - in solid (SO, solid organomineral; and SM, solid mineral) and fluid (FO, fluid organomineral; and FM, fluid mineral) forms applied in Rhodic Kandiudox and Distrochrept soils with no-tillage. The use of organomineral or mineral fertilizers in fluid and solid forms increases total N content in the soil, maintains exchangeable K content in both soils, and may enhance available P content to the depth of 0.6 m in Distrochrept. These factors allowed significantly increasing corn yield, regardless of the fertilizer, and establishing greater residual effect for fluid organomineral fertilizer in the winter black oat yield, even in soils with high fertility.
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Van Straaten, Peter. "Farming with rocks and minerals: challenges and opportunities." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 78, no. 4 (December 2006): 731–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0001-37652006000400009.
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In many parts of the world food security is at risk. One of the biophysical root causes of falling per-capita food production is the declining quality and quantity of soils. To reverse this trend and increase soil fertility soil and plant nutrients have to be replenished. This review provides a literature survey of experiences of using multi-nutrient rock fertilizers for soil fertility enhancement from temperate and tropical environments. Advantages and limitations of the application of rock fertilizers are discussed. Examples are provided from two successful nutrient replenishment projects in Africa where locally available rock fertilizers are used on highly leached acid soils. The potential of combining organic materials alongside rock fertilizers in soil fertility replenishment strategies is stressed.
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Warkentin, B. P. "Tillage for soil fertility before fertilizers." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 80, no. 3 (August 1, 2000): 391–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s99-108.
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The present concern for decreased tillage in crop production systems makes it interesting to look back 300 years to when Jethro Tull introduced his system of intensive tillage for cereals and fodder crops. His experiments in England, at a time when landowners started paying more attention to farming, established that frequent tillage with plows could substitute for manure or fallow in continuous cropping of wheat. The general understanding was that exposed soil absorbed plant nutrients from the atmosphere; therefore, it was important to turn over lower layers and to leave the soil in a loose condition where more surfaces were exposed. In addition to controlling weeds, a probably equally important factor was speeding up mineralization of organic matter through increased aeration. This would account for the increased yields even where weeds were not present, and the ability to substitute tillage for fallow. Tull's system of cultivating wheat grown in rows, sometimes on ridges, was vehemently debated in the 18th century and was not widely accepted. The benefits would have diminished as organic matter content of soils decreased, and was probably not effective on all soils. Key words: Horse-hoeing husbandry, mineralization, ploughing, Jethro Tull
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Burkhanova, Dilnavoza, Dilrabo Kodirova, Munisa Urmanova, Muradjan Karimov, and Matlyuba Usmonova. "Perceived methods for increasing the productivity of irrigated typical gray and grazing soils of Uzbekistan in non-traditional irrigation." E3S Web of Conferences 258 (2021): 03024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125803024.
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This article considers the effective effect of mulching of irrigated typical gray and meadow soils with plant residues and application of various fertilizers on soil fertility, mulching of typical gray soils with plant residues and application of various fertilizers (organic fertilizers, biohumus and biopreparations) in meadow soils. The effect on microbiological activity was determined. The application of various fertilizers (organic fertilizers, biohumus and biopreparations) to typical irrigated gray and meadow soils and mulching of the soil with plant residues have been shown to affect the growth and yield of winter wheat and cotton.
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Vozhik, Yu G., and V. I. Panasyuk. "Technical and technological support for the production of organic fertilizers based on peat." Mehanization and electrification of agricultural, no. 12 (2020): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.37204/0131-2189-2020-12-2.
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Annotation Purpose. To increase the fertility of Ukrainian soils by using organic fertilizers based on peat. Methods. For research, modern scientific and industrial recommendations were used to increase soil fertility through the use of organic fertilizers based on peat. Results. By analyzing the results of scientific and industrial activities in the field of soil fertility, practical recommendations for the use of cheap and affordable peat-based organic matter for this purpose have been identified. Conclusions. It is established that due to the significant reduction of livestock and the rise in price of mineral fertilizers in Ukraine, one of the effective ways to increase soil fertility is the use of organic fertilizers made from peat. Specific recommendations on technology and technical means for achieving this goal are identified. Keywords: soil fertility, organic fertilizers, peat, composts, technology, technical means.
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Prasad, Vishal, Shivani Chaudhary, and Anjali Singh. "Improving Phosphorus Fertility in Soil through Microbial Mediators." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT 4, no. 02 (July 31, 2018): 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.18811/ijpen.v4i02.9.
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Microbes are an important element of the phosphorus cycle operative in the soil and play significant roles in transference of phosphorus between various soil phosphorus pools. Therefore, there has been continued interest in the usage of soil microbes to improve the phosphorus nutrition of plants and increase the overall efficiency of phosphorus use in agricultural systems. This interest originates from the fact that insufficiency of phosphorus is a common problem in soils all over the world, that a foremost cost for agricultural production is due to phosphate fertilizers and that the efficacy of phosphorus used by plants from soil applied phosphate fertilizers is very poor. Hence, with such issues the role of soil microbes in increasing phosphorus fertility in soils becomes more important. In this review several such aspects concerning the solubilisation and mobilization of soil phosphorus by microorganisms for enhancing soil fertility are discussed.
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Kozlova, N. V., and L. S. Malyukova. "Change in the soils’ fertility level of tea agrocenoses in the transition to cultivation without mineral fertilizers in the humid-subtropical zone of Russia." E3S Web of Conferences 254 (2021): 05009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125405009.
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Research was carried out on the basis of preserved field multifactor experiment on tea crop (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) in the conditions of the Sochi Black Sea coast. The application of NPK fertilizers in different doses and combinations according to the experimental scheme was carried out annually from 1986 to 2011. Since 2012, the use of fertilizers has been completely discontinued. The fertility indicators of long-fertilized brown forest acidic soils (in layers 0-20/20-40 cm) were compared with those after 7-8 years of fertilizer withdrawal. During the period of fertilizers’ application, the level of soils’ nitrogen supply significantly exceeded the control (by 30-75/30-56 mg/kg depending on the doses of nitrogen fertilizers). After the fertilizers’ discontinuity, nitrogen supply level equalization occurred in all experimental options. The content of labile phosphorus in soils previously fertilized with high phosphorus doses (120 kg P2O5 ha-1 year-1 and more), during the period of experiment’s conservation decreased by 450-500/350-450 mg/kg, but exceeded the control in 2-2.5 times; in soils previously fertilized by low doses, the indicators have not changed significantly. In soils highly supplied with labile potassium, the content of the element decreased by 70-140 mg/kg. The yield of tea in 2019-2020 was equally low (12-26 cwt/ha) on all options, 2.2-3 times lower than fertilized plantations. After the fertilizers’ withdrawal, there was a decrease in acidity (an average increase in pH by 0.18-0.24/0.12-0.20 units) of agrogenic-acidized soils and an increase in their oppressed respiratory activity (on average by 1.6 times). These changes reflect the tendency of soil self-restoration after the removal of the fertilizers’ load.
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Kharchenko, О. V., S. V. Petrenko, M. G. Sobko, S. I. Medvid, and E. A. Zakharchenko. "Nutrients use efficiency by modern hybrids of maize under arid conditions of the Forest-Steppe." Agrochemistry and Soil Science, no. 91 (August 2021): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/acss91-06.
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The nutrient use efficiency of maize hybrids from the soil or through fertilizers is considered. Cultivation of modern hybrids requires determining the necessary rate of fertilizer to get the planned yield, taking into account their potential productivity and weather conditions. In the absence of data of nutrient uptake for new hybrids, it is proposed to use an indicator of their level of intensity, which is calculated by the ratio of the actual yield and its normative (calculated) value. Studies were conducted in 2018 and 2019 in the fields of the Institute of Agriculture of the Northeast of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine. Soil – chernozem typical leached (Endocalcis Chernozem). Three maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids of Ukrainian selection were used: Zoryany (FAO 190), Leleka (FAO 260) and Donor (FAO 310). The vegetation seasons 2018-2019 were characterized as very arid (hydrothermal coefficient of Selianinov (HTC) 0.45-0.46). The calculated rate intensity of hybrids on average of two years was 1.07 at sites without fertilizers, and 1.36 at sites with fertilizers (N100 P45 K45). The efficiency of soils N,P,K use increases by application of mineral fertilizers. The nutrients output from the soil: nitrogen ‒ 53.8-71.4 %, phosphorus ‒ 20.0-26.6 % and potassium ‒ 65.4-86.8 %. The relative effect of fertilizers on the yield decreases, therefore, rate of natural fertility in the growth of the crop on fertilized soil increases. Due to the natural fertility of soils, the yield of all hybrids increased by an average of 1.33-1.46 t/ha with N100 P45 K45 applying. The dependence of yield of all maize hybrids on hydrothermal conditions in June was obtained. It was found that, all other things being equal, the yield is directly correlated with the FAO index of the hybrid. The payback of mineral fertilizers is estimated as 0.86-1.14 t / c
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Stepanov, A. I., A. Ya Fyodorov, F. V. Nikolaeva, and D. V. Borisova. "THE EFFECT OF ORGANIC FERTILIZERS AND BIOPREPARATION FLAVOBACTERIN ON POTATO YIELD AND SOIL FERTILITY." Siberian Herald of Agricultural Science 48, no. 6 (January 24, 2019): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.26898/0370-8799-2018-6-4.
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The paper presents the results of research into complex effect of organic fertilizers (decomposed cattle manure) in different doses with the biological preparation Flavobacterin on agrochemical parameters and biological activity of permafrost soils in the cultivation of the recognized potato variety Varmas. Field experiments were carried out in 2016–2018 on permafrost chernozem-meadow light-loamy saline soils of the Central Yakut lowland of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The yield of potatoes increased with the application of manure in the dose of 60 t/ha and biological preparation Flavobacterin by 61.4%, control (without fertilizers) – 9.7 t/ha. In the variant: manure 40 t/ha + biopreparation Flavobacterin, the yield amounted to 13.0 t/ha; when treating with the biological preparation – 10.7 t/ha. The use of organic fertilizers in different doses in all studied variants increased the content of phosphorus, potassium and total nitrogen in the soil compared to the control. Combined application of organic fertilizers and biological preparation Flavobacterin increased the biological activity of permafrost soils by 2.9–4.7 times. The intensity of the biological activity of permafrost soils in all years of research was observed during the growing season of crops. The number of soil microorganisms reached its maximum in July and decreased at the end of the growing season (early September), due to the peculiarities of the hydrothermal regime of the soil under study. To preserve soil fertility, it is recommended to use organic fertilizers in combination with the biological preparation based on agrochemical parameters of permafrost soils.
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Sosnovskaya, Ludmila. "WAYS OF INCREASING THE PERFORMANCE OF THE GROUPS OF UKRAINE." ENGINEERING, ENERGY, TRANSPORT AIC, no. 2(105) (May 31, 2019): 100–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2520-6168-2019-2-14.
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The article deals with the main reasons for the decline of soil fertility in Ukraine. The main negative factors are intense mechanical soil cultivation, insufficient amount of introduced fertilizers, widespread use of chemical methods of plant protection, pollution of land with harmful substances, lack of monitoring of soil condition. The methods of increasing the soil fertility are given. First of all, it is necessary to adjust the system of agricultural management, economically interested in agricultural producers to make a scientifically based quantity of quality fertilizers and to increase the content of humus in the soil, to reduce the introduction of harmful substances into the surface layer; remove highly eroded soils from the cultivation and increase the area of forests. A comprehensive approach to the problem and the application of all ways to improve fertility at all levels of production will help to preserve and improve the quality of Ukrainian soils.
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Chathurika, J. A. Surani, Darshani Kumaragamage, Francis Zvomuya, Olalekan O. Akinremi, Donald N. Flaten, Srimathie P. Indraratne, and Warshi S. Dandeniya. "Woodchip biochar with or without synthetic fertilizers affects soil properties and available phosphorus in two alkaline, chernozemic soils." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 96, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 472–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjss-2015-0094.
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Fertility enhancement with biochar application is well documented for tropical acidic soils; however, benefits of biochar coapplied with synthetic fertilizers (SFs) on soil fertility are not well documented, particularly for alkaline chernozems. We examined the short-term interactive effects of woodchip biochar amendment with fertilizers on selected soil properties, available phosphorus (P), and P fractions of two alkaline Chernozems from Manitoba. Treatments were (1) urea and monoammonium phosphate fertilizers, (2) biochar at 10 g kg−1, (3) biochar at 20 g kg−1, (4) biochar at 10 g kg−1with fertilizers, (5) biochar at 20 g kg−1with fertilizers, and (6) a control. Treated soils were analysed for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and Olsen P concentration biweekly, and for P fractions, cation exchange capacity (CEC), organic carbon (OC), and wet aggregate stability after 70 d of incubation. Biochar amendment without fertilizers significantly increased soil pH and CEC but had no effect on EC, while coapplication with fertilizers significantly increased Olsen P and labile P concentrations. When coapplied with fertilizers, biochar did not significantly increase soil pH relative to the control. Results suggest that biochar improved soil properties and available P in alkaline Chernozems, and the beneficial effects were enhanced when coapplied with SFs.
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Guliyeva, R. "Influence of Fertilization on Gray-Brown Soils on Change of Food Mode in Soil Under Winter Wheat." Bulletin of Science and Practice 6, no. 5 (May 15, 2020): 224–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/54/27.
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The article shows the influence of mineral and organic fertilizer norms on gray–brown soils and changes in the nutritional regime in winter wheat soils under irrigation in the Ganja–Gazakh region. It was found that the application of mineral and organic fertilizers for winter wheat in gray–brown soils significantly affected the change in the nutrient regime of the soil, significantly increasing the amount of nutrients easily absorbed by plants in the plowed and subsoil layers of the soil, as compared to the control (unfertilized) option, effective fertility increased, which in turn had a significant impact on productivity. At the end of the growing season, depending on the norm of mineral fertilizers in the soil layer 0–60 cm, ammonia nitrogen is 13.1–14.1, nitrate nitrogen is 7.2–7.4, mobile phosphorus is 7.0–8.0 and exchangeable potassium — 15.6–19.2 mg/kg, depending on the rate of organic fertilizers at the end of the growing season, ammonia nitrogen 12.6-–13.7, nitrate nitrogen 5.3–5.7, mobile phosphorus 6.2–6.6 and metabolic potassium while it increased by 20.4–21.2 mg/kg.
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Allahverdiev, E. "The Role of Post-grain Residues in Increasing Soil Fertility." Bulletin of Science and Practice 5, no. 12 (December 15, 2019): 191–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/49/20.
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The analysis of the condition of the areas after sowing grain. The results of the influence of organic and mineral fertilizers under various irrigation regimes are analyzed. Various fertilizer and watering options were investigated. The qualitative and quantitative composition of the soil was determined. The research results showed that with 3 irrigations during the growing season and fertilizer rates N120P150K150, the largest accumulation of grain residues occurs. Plant residues contribute to an increase in the content of organo-biological substances, as well as improving the water-physical properties of soils and increasing their fertility.
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Leah, Tamara. "Current humus state of soils in conditions of intensive degradation processes in Moldova." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography, no. 44 (November 28, 2013): 196–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2013.44.1224.
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The paper contains the research results on the evolution of humus content in the arable soils of the Republic of Moldova during 1961–2010. The current humus state of arable soils caused of the agricultural long period of utilization. Studies carried out in Moldova, more than 140 years ago, found that chernozem contained about 5–6 % of humus. In subsequent years, the natural fertility of the soil of Moldova has been declining. In the present the humus content reached the level of 3.1 % on average for the whole agricultural area. As a result of over 140 years from the original natural soil fertility remains 50–60 %. In the recent years the average doses of applied fertilizers on the Moldovan soils were 25 kg/ha. During the last years, the state programs for remediation of humus content, the chemical, physical and biological soil properties, concerning the soil and water protection by the nutrient pollution and substances of plant protection products have been developed. Key words: humus loss, soil degradation, chernozem, fertilizer, measures.
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Bhunia, Shantanu, Ankita Bhowmik, Rambilash Mallick, and Joydeep Mukherjee. "Agronomic Efficiency of Animal-Derived Organic Fertilizers and Their Effects on Biology and Fertility of Soil: A Review." Agronomy 11, no. 5 (April 22, 2021): 823. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11050823.
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Healthy soils are essential for progressive agronomic activities. Organic fertilization positively affects agro-ecosystems by stimulating plant growth, enhancing crop productivity and fruit quality and improving soil fertility. Soil health and food security are the key elements of Organic Agriculture 3.0. Landfilling and/or open-dumping of animal wastes produced from slaughtering cause environmental pollution by releasing toxic substances, leachate and greenhouse gases. Direct application of animal carcasses to agricultural fields can adversely affect soil microbiota. Effective waste management technologies such as thermal drying, composting, vermicomposting and anaerobic digestion transform animal wastes, making them suitable for soil application by supplying soil high in organic carbon and total nitrogen. Recent agronomic practices applied recycled animal wastes as organic fertilizer in crop production. However, plants may not survive at a high fertilization rate due to the presence of labile carbon fraction in animal wastes. Therefore, dose calculation and determination of fertilizer application frequency are crucial for agronomists. Long-term animal waste-derived organic supplementation promotes copiotrophic microbial abundance due to enhanced substrate affinity, provides micronutrients to soils and protects crops from soil-borne pathogens owing to formation of plant-beneficial microbial consortia. Animal waste-derived organically fertilized soils possess higher urease and acid phosphatase activities. Furthermore, waste to fertilizer conversion is a low-energy requiring process that promotes circular bio-economy. Thus, considering the promotion of soil fertility, microbial abundance, disease protection and economic considerations application of animal-waste-derived organic fertilizer should be the mainstay for sustainable agriculture.
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Ghabour, Samir S. I., Saad A. Mohamed, Sawsan A. Saif El-Yazal, and Hasan M. H. Moawad. "Phytochemical Properties of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa, L.) Plants Grown under Bio and Mineral Fertilizers in Different Types of Soil." International Letters of Natural Sciences 83 (July 27, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.83.1.
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The aim of this study was to clarify the phytochemical property evaluation of Roselle plants grown under bio Azotobacterine (Azotobacterchroococcum) and phosphorein (Bacillus polymyxa) and mineral (N, P and K fertilizers at the rates of 25, 50 and 100% from the doses recommended by Ministry of Agriculture) fertilizers applied in different types of soil. Samples of Roselle plants were obtained from different soils (clay soil at Dar El-Ramad farm, sandy loam and saline loamy sand soil at Demo farm, Faculty of Agriculture) at El-Fayoum governorate conditions. Moreover, some of the phytochemical properties (N, P and K percentage in roselle herb and its uptake, photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll A, chlorophyll B and carotenoids), anthocyanin pigment and pH value) of roselle plants (Hibiscus sabdariffa, L.) under different soils were determined. The data obtained showed that, bio and mineral (NPK) fertilizers increased the above compositions of roselle plants under different soils of experiment. The maximum increase of these compositions was obtained by the treatment clay soil × 100% NPK + bio fertilizers, followed by clay soil × 50% NPK + bio fertilizers as compared to saline loamy sand soil × non fertilizer treatment, although, the differences between these treatments and mineral fertilizer at the rate of 100% NPK alone were insignificantly. Therefore, it is economically and environmentally recommended to inoculate roselle seeds with mixture of Azotobacter + Bacillus and fertilize these inoculated plants with 50% NPK for improve chemical compositions (N, P and K percentage in roselle herb and its uptake, photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll A, chlorophyll B and carotenoids), anthocyanin pigment and pH value) of roselle plants under clay soil. Key words: Roselle, Hibiscus sabdariffa L., nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, biofertilization, soil type, salinity, chemical composition.
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Abdelfattah, Mahmoud A., Mostafa M. Rady, Hussein E. E. Belal, Eman E. Belal, Rahmah Al-Qthanin, Hatim M. Al-Yasi, and Esmat F. Ali. "Revitalizing Fertility of Nutrient-Deficient Virgin Sandy Soil Using Leguminous Biocompost Boosts Phaseolus vulgaris Performance." Plants 10, no. 8 (August 10, 2021): 1637. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10081637.
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During the 2019 and 2020 seasons, nutrient-deficient virgin sandy soil was examined along with the investigation of the response of Phaseolus vulgaris plants to soil application with biocompost in integration with chemical fertilizers applied to soil and plants. Four treatments (100% of the recommended NPK fertilizer dose (control), 75% NPK applied to soil + 25% foliar spray, 75% NPK applied to soil + 25% foliar spray + leguminous compost (CL), and 75% NPK applied to soil + 25% foliar spray + CL containing Bacillus subtilis (biocompost; CLB)) were applied in a randomized complete block design. The 75% NPK applied to soil + 25% foliar spray + CLB was the best treatment, which exceeded other treatments in improving soil fertility and plant performance. It noticeably improved soil physicochemical properties, including available nutrients, activities of various soil enzymes (cellulase, invertase, urease, and catalase), soil cation exchange capacity, organic carbon content, and pH, as well as plant growth and productivity, and plant physiobiochemistry, including nutrients and water contents, and various antioxidant activities. The results of the 2020 season significantly outperformed those of the 2019 season, indicating the positive effects of biofertilizers as a strategy to combine soil supplementation with NPK fertilizers and allocate a portion of NPK fertilizers for foliar spraying of plants in nutrient-deficient sandy soils.
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D, Enkhtuya, Tuul D, and Munkhtsetseg T. "Effects of mineral and organic fertilizers on soil organic carbon fractions in agricultural chestnut soil." Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 22, no. 03 (May 9, 2018): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjas.v22i03.958.
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Soil organic matter can be analyzed on the basis of the different fractions. Changes in the levels of organic matter, caused by land use, can be better understood by alterations in the different fractions. Therefore in order to discover tendency of soil fertility sustainability it is significant to research on stable and labile form fractions of soil organic carbon by advanced methodology and modern technique. Our research work aimedto evaluate the effect of mineral and organic fertilizers on the labile and stable organic carbon of the chestnut soil in Mongolia. The soils samples used in this study we collected from variants of mineral (N60P40K40), organic (biohumus 1t / hec.) Fertilizer and their combination of the Long-term fertilizers experiments of Plant and Agriculture Institute Changes in soil organic C by land use for agricultural purposes occurred mainly in the fraction of particulate organic matter (> 20 μm). The clay and silt fractions were quatified with a Mastersizer S after distruction organic substances and carbonates using H2O2 and HCI and the sand fraction was determined by wet sieving. According to our research, the stable form of organic carbon in chestnut soil is 39, 0-40,1% of the total fine particle size and 59, 9-61,0% of the active form fraction. On the other hand, variants with fertilizer tend to have increased stabile composition of soil organic carbon. It indicates that soil fertility protection and increased stability are possible in the country’s agricultural technology if use mineral and organic fertilizers.
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Et. al., Hasanova Aynur Oruj,. "Composition and amount of nutrients entering the soil with cotton biomass and green manure." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 2 (April 10, 2021): 3127–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i2.2357.
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The experience of developed countries in the field of agriculture and research results show that high efficiency from mineral fertilizers can be obtained on fertile soils. That is, the soil should contain a large amount of organic substances, microelements, beneficial microorganisms, various enzymes that activate microbiological processes, normalize and optimize the nutritional, thermal and water-physical properties of the soil. This can be achieved by regularly applying crop residues and organic fertilizers to the soil. Siderata - green fertilizers - are of great importance for increasing soil fertility.
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Kuzin, Andrei, Alexei Solovchenko, Ludmila Stepantsova, and Grigory Pugachev. "Soil fertility management in apple orchard with microbial biofertilizers." E3S Web of Conferences 222 (2020): 03020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202022203020.
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Intensification of horticulture in Russia involves planting of new high-density orchards with drip irrigation and fertigation as well as intensification of the exploitation of traditional orchards. This approach involves an increase in mineral fertilizer application imposing the risk of soil fertility loss. For several reasons, the use of traditional organic fertilizers like manure in orchards is currently marginal. Although bacteria-based biofertilizers cannot substitute mineral fertilizers completely, they can significantly reduce the need for mineral fertilizer application. The effect of microbial biofertilizers of the brands “Azotovit” (Azotobacter chroococcum), “Phosphatovit” (Bacillus mucilaginosus), as well as a mixture of bacteria and the fungus, “Organic” (Azotobacter chroococcum, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, Trichoderma harzian) was studied in two field experiments. In the experiment #1, the preparations “Azotovit” and “Phosphatovit” were delivered through a drip irrigation system in various combinations with mineral fertilizers. In experiment #2, the preparation “Organic” was also applied to the soil with irrigation water, also in combination with the mineral fertilizer. When solely applied, none of the studied preparations changed significantly the soil nutrient content and yield as compared with the variant fertilized by the mineral fertilizer at the maximum studied application rate. The combination of the microbial biofertilizer and mineral fertilizers applied at a low rate ensured the yield commensurate to that obtained under high-rate application of the mineral fertilizer.
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Nisha, Sofina, Surendra Prasad, and Jagdish Bhati. "Evaluation of soil nutrient management practices of taro farmers in Taveuni, Fiji." South Pacific Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 32, no. 2 (2014): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sp14010.
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There is evidence that the soil health in Taveuni, Fiji is deteriorating over time threatening livelihoods of taro producers. The present study was conducted to understand the soil nutrient management practices followed by taro farmers in Taveuni. The study revealed that the farmers in Taveuni use various organic and chemical fertilizers and various other soil fertility management practices such as mulching, crop rotation with legumes, yagona and agroforestry. The quantity of nitrogen, phosphorous and potash (NPK) applied to taro crop on different types of soils was meager. The study further revealed that there was imbalanced and insufficient use of chemical fertilizers and organic sources of soil nutrients. The main cause of low use of fertilizers was that the farmers in Taveuni do not know the fertility status of their farms as no soil testing was ever done and majority of them are also not fully aware of various low-cost organic methods of maintaining soil fertility of farms.
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Vozhik, Yu. "Ways to increase soil fertility." Mehanization and electrification of agricultural, no. 10(109) (2019): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37204/0131-2189-2019-10-2.
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Purpose. Improve soil fertility Ukraine. Methods. The scientific and practical concepts of the use of natural means for the industrial production of cheap organic fertilizers in real field conditions are used in the work. Results. By analyzing the results of scientific research and practical recommendations of agricultural producers, the real ways are recommendations are made for obtaining high quality organic fertilizers using inexpensive and natural ingredients. Conclusions. It is established that the deficit of organic matter in the soils of Ukraine, which was created due to landslide reduction of animal husbandry and natural manure, is quite realistically compensated by the use, of cheap natural materials such as peat, sapropels, siderates and vegetable residues, composting them in a stationary environment. with the use of microbiological preparations. The features of the technology of their use are identified and the necessary technical means. Keywords: organic fertilizers, peat, sapropels, siderates, plant residues, microbiological preparations, composts.
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Wu, Jiasen, Jianqin Huang, Dan Liu, Jianwu Li, Jinchi Zhang, and Hailong Wang. "Effect of 26 Years of Intensively ManagedCarya cathayensisStands on Soil Organic Carbon and Fertility." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/857641.
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Chinese hickory (Carya cathayensis), a popular nut food tree species, is mainly distributed in southeastern China. A field study was carried out to investigate the effect of long-term intensive management on fertility of soils under aC.cathayensisforest. Results showed that after 26 years’ intensive management, the soil organic carbon (SOC) content of the A and B horizons reduced by 19% and 14%, respectively. The reduced components of SOC are mainly the alkyl C and O-alkyl C, whereas the aromatic C and carbonyl C remain unchanged. The reduction of active organic matter could result in degradation of soil fertility. The pH value of soil in the A horizon had dropped by 0.7 units on average. The concentrations of the major nutrients also showed a decreasing trend. On average the concentrations of total nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) of tested soils dropped by 21.8%, 7.6%, and 13.6%, respectively, in the A horizon. To sustain the soil fertility andC.cathayensisproduction, it is recommended that more organic fertilizers (manures) should be used together with chemical fertilizers. Lime should also be applied to reduce soil acidity.
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Bulluck, L. R., and J. B. Ristaino. "Effect of Synthetic and Organic Soil Fertility Amendments on Southern Blight, Soil Microbial Communities, and Yield of Processing Tomatoes." Phytopathology® 92, no. 2 (February 2002): 181–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.2002.92.2.181.
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Soil fertility amendments, including composted cotton-gin trash, swine manure, a rye-vetch green manure, or synthetic fertilizers, were applied to subplots and tillage on bare soil; or tillage followed by surface mulch with wheat straw were applied to main plots to determine the effect on the incidence of southern blight caused by Sclerotium rolfsii, yield of processing tomato, and soil microbial communities. The amendment-tillage interaction was significant in 1997 and disease incidence was 67% in tilled bare soil receiving synthetic fertilizers; whereas disease incidence was 3, 12, and 16% in surface-mulched plots amended with a composted cotton-gin trash, swine manure, or a rye-vetch green manure. The amendment effect was significant in 1998, and disease incidence was 61% in plots receiving synthetic fertilizer and was 23, 44, and 53% in plots receiving cotton-gin trash, swine manure, or rye-vetch green manure, respectively. In 1997, yields were highest in tilled surface-mulched plots amended with synthetic fertilizers, cotton-gin trash, or swine manure, respectively. In 1998, yields were low in all plots and there were no significant differences in yield due to treatment. Propagule densities of antagonistic soil fungi in the genus Trichoderma were highest in soils amended with composted cotton-gin trash or swine manure in both years. Propagule densities of fluorescent pseudomonads in soil were higher in plots amended with organic amendments than with synthetic fertilizers in both years. Propagules densities of enteric bacteria were elevated in soils amended with raw swine manure biosolids in both years. Our research indicates that some organic amendments, such as cotton-gin trash, reduced the incidence of southern blight in processing tomato and also enhanced populations of beneficial soil microbes.
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Zulfia, Tukenova, Alimzhanova Mereke, Kazybaeyeva Saule, Ashimuly Kazhybek, and Zhylkybaev Oral. "Soil Invertebrate Animals as Indicators of Contamination of Light Chestnut Ground of Southeast of Kazakhstan." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.32 (August 26, 2018): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.32.18398.
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The use of living organisms as biological indicators for environmental change necessitates the development of a number of criteria on the basis of which it is possible to select indicator species. These include the biological activity of soils (mesofauna, enzymes). Bioindicators with a chronic anthropogenic load on the soil, in particular with prolonged application of fertilizers, can react to very weak effects due to dose accumulation, in addition, they make it unnecessary to use expensive and laborious physical and chemical methods for measuring biological parameters. The novelty of our research is based on the study of the influence of anthropogenic influences on the biological activity of soils in comparison with its basic indicators. This will allow us to establish a correlation between the soil fauna and the main traditional indicators of soil fertility, and significantly enhance their ecological significance in assessing agricultural practices in agricultural production. It has been revealed that the soils under study differ in relatively favorable physical properties, which in turn affects the distribution of the mesofauna. When the biological activity of soils was diagnosed, a decrease in the activity of soil mesofauna was noted in variants with high doses of phosphorus fertilizers depending on the type of soil. In light chestnut soils, meso-faunistic indices are reduced to (16 ind·m-2) and poor group diversity. The main representatives of the soil mesofauna are Carabidae, Formicidae, Lumbricidae, Scarabeidae. Typical species for fertilized soils are Carabidae, Lumbricidae, Scarabeidae. It was revealed that larvae of the mesofauna of soils from the family Curculionidae, Scarabaeidae are characteristic representatives. Representatives of these families can be used as bioindicators in conducting studies on the investigated soils. Bioindicator species of the investigated soils are present irrespective of the use of mineral fertilizers and, accordingly, the level of pesticide content.
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Saakian, Alexander. "Problems of agroecological assessment of soil fertility." АгроЭкоИнфо 3, no. 45 (June 3, 2021): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.51419/20213304.
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The paper proves the need to clarify the agroecological assessment of soils, taking into account the migration of substances, the non-exchange fixation of biophilic elements by the soil, the relationship between the properties of soils, the intensity and speed of soil-forming processes, and the manifestation of the law of decreasing fertility. It is shown that on well-cultivated sod-podzolic soils of the Moscow region, the losses of elements with high water and ground water averaged 19.3 and 6.9 kg/ha of N-NO3, 0.7 and 1.2 N-NH4 in the crop rotation. Losses with surface-runoff waters were: nitrogen-2.2 kg / ha, potassium-7.0; calcium-11.0; magnesium-6.0; phosphorus-0.9 kg / ha per year. When the Ca/K ratio in the soil solution of this soil was 0.44±0.03 and 2.7±0.1, the content of water – soluble iron was 57.9±7.4 and 5.3±0.7 mg/l, respectively; manganese-2.3±0.4 and 1.1±0.2 mg/l. It is shown that plants consume biophilic elements from different soil horizons, which must be taken into account in the balance of biophilic elements. It is shown that the optimal soil properties differ depending on the hydrothermal conditions of the territory, the combination of soil properties. It is proved that in order to choose the optimal crops for growing on certain soils, it is necessary to take into account the alienation of energy with the crop. Keywords: SOIL FERTILITY, FERTILIZERS, BALANCE, ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY
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Odoh, Nkiruka, and N’cho C.O. "INVESTIGATING NPK, MOLYBDENUM AND ZINC EFFECTS ON SOYBEAN NODULATION, NITROGEN FIXATION AND YIELD IN NORTHERN GUINEA SAVANNA SOILS." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN AGRICULTURE 5, no. 3 (February 15, 2016): 740–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jaa.v5i3.4314.
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Soybean, like other grain legumes, requires some essential nutrients to accomplish the dual purpose of fixing atmospheric nitrogen and high yielding. A screen house experiment was then setup to investigate the effect of N, P, K, Zn and Mo onnodulation and growth of soybean. Soils from six farmers’ fields in Kaya, northern Guinea savanna and seven fertilizercompounds were used in a factorial experiment laid out in completely randomized design. Data collected at 8 weeks afterplanting on biomass yields, nodulation variables, N2-fixation, mycorrhizal roots colonization, and N and P uptake wereanalyzed using SAS. Soils test revealed variation of soils’ chemical contents among farmers field, especially for P with51.7 mg kg-1in Soil 1 to 2.7 mg kg-1in Soil 4. Significant effects from soils and fertilizers were observed on biomass yield,nodulation and nutrient uptake. Nitrogen fixation potential of TGX 1448–2E, however, was not increased by soils orfertilizer treatments. Soil x fertilizer effects was significant on P-uptake, shoot and nodule dry weight. It was observed thatK application reduced shoot dry weight and P-uptake in soil 1. Owing to these results in response to fertilizer treatments,soybean fertilization should be recommended according to soil inherent fertility.
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Amirrullah, Johanes, Yanter Hutapea, NPS Ratmini, and Agung Prabowo. "Farmer Mentoring in Determining Fertilization Dosage of Corn Plants (Zea Mays L.) Using Soil Test Equipment." Jurnal Lahan Suboptimal : Journal of Suboptimal Lands 9, no. 1 (April 1, 2020): 102–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.33230/jlso.9.1.2020.437.
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Amirrullah J, Hutapea Y, Ratmini NPS, Prabowo A. 2020. Farmer mentoring in determining fertilization dosage of corn plants (Zea mays L.) using soil test equipment. Jurnal Lahan Suboptimal: Journal of Suboptimal Lands 9(1): 102-108.Balanced fertilization is very important to do in marginal soils. The constraints in the use of marginal soils are physical, chemical and biological soil characteristics which do not support planting growth. Determination of fertilizer dosage for corn commodity in one region can be different depending on the available nutrient content that testing needs to be carried out. This study aimed to mentor farmers in taking appropriate soil samples and determined fertilizer doses according to location specifications and application of fertilizers on target using the Dry Soil Test Kit (Perangkat Uji Tanah Kering). This activity was carried out in Fajar Jaya Village, Ogan Komering Ulu District in February 2019. The results of the soil analysis of the location used as a demonstration plot derived from the results of low soil fertility analysis with soil acidity at pH 4-5 with acid crystals, moderate P, K and C-organic nutrients were relatively low. The recommended fertilizer is as follows: urea 325 kg/ha given 3 times, one-third the dose, carried out 1 MST, 4 MST and 6 MST; TSP 200 kg/ha; KCl 125 kg/ha; 5,000 kg/ha of compost and 1,000 kg/ha of lime stocked during tillage 1 week before planting. Fertilization application method applied by farmers is not in accordance with the recommendations; consequently, it is necessary to fertilize to increase nutrient content.
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Silva, Andrisley Joaquim da, Fernando França da Cunha, Cassiano Garcia Roque, Monice Donatila Tavares da Silva, Diego Oliveira Ribeiro, and Manuel Rodrigues Carballal. "Replacement of liming and NPK fertilization with turkey litter in degraded areas grown with Urochloa decumbens." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 39, no. 2 (March 15, 2018): 467. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2018v39n2p467.
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Soil fertility and acidity correction in recovering areas require high doses of correctives and fertilizers. Therefore, the use of low-cost products may be an alternative in infertile areas. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of soil fertilization and correction methods on the yield of degraded areas cultivated with Urochloa decumbens and soil chemical attributes. The study was conducted in Orthic Quartzarenic Neosol in Mineiros, Goiás, Brazil, from October 2011 to September 2013. The experiment included soil samples treated with 2 Mg ha-1 of dolomitic limestone, a standard fertilizer (45, 54, and 75 kg ha-1 of N, P, and K, respectively), or 3 Mg ha-1 of turkey litter, and a control sample without correction/fertilization. Each treatment included four replicates in a completely randomized block design. The experimental plots consisted of areas of 4.0 m2 (2.0 ?? 2.0 m). The dry matter yield of forage grass and the following soil chemical attributes were evaluated: organic matter, hydrogen potential (pH in CaCl2), phosphorus (resin), potassium, calcium, magnesium, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and base saturation. The data were subjected to analysis of variance, and the means were compared using Tukey’s test at a level of significance of 0.05. Fertilization did not affect the pH, potassium, and CEC of the soil. Fertilization with turkey litter increased the levels of organic matter, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, and base saturation compared with soils subjected to standard fertilization or liming. Furthermore, soils fertilized with turkey litter presented higher dry matter yield of Urochloa decumbens compared with unfertilized soils or soils subjected to acidity correction by liming but were not significantly different from soils treated with standard fertilizers. Therefore, fertilization with 3 Mg ha-1 of turkey litter is recommended for improving degraded pastures.
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Sergeeva, Natalya, and Olesya Yaroshenko. "The application of biomodified fertilizers as a way to increase the effective fertility of orchard soils." BIO Web of Conferences 34 (2021): 05001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213405001.
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The crucial trend in the intensification of gardening is the use of agrochemicals, including the systematic application of mineral fertilizers, regulated by the production flow chart of fruit products. Technological pressure on the soil causes aggravating the ecological problem of loss of the fertility level in the conditions of the orchard monoculture. The search for sustainable and environmentally effective approaches to solving the problem of managing fertility factors is aimed at studying the effects of biological and biomodified fertilizers. The changes in the main indicators of the effective fertility of the structural-metamorphic agrosem in the conditions of the orchard monoculture with the application of biomodified organo-mineral fertilizer were studied in dynamics. The prolonged effect of organo-mineral fertilizer on increasing the content of the main indicators of effective fertility in the soil was determined six years after application. The use of biomodified organo-mineral fertilizer in the orchard fertilization system is considered as an element of an integrated strategy for the management of orchard soil fertility.
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Medvedev, V. "Soil Spatial Heterogeneity and Systems of Agriculture." Agricultural Science and Practice 2, no. 1 (April 15, 2015): 50–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/agrisp2.01.050.
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Aim. To consider soil continuality and discreteness as features of heterogeneity manifestation in a soil cover, important for construction of agriculture systems. Methods. Geostatistical research of soil spatial heterogeneity, revealing the contours of a fi eld with various parameters of fertility. Results. The use of principles of precise agriculture and inspection of indicative properties of fi eld soils using a regular grid allowed to divide a fi eld into contours with three levels of fertility: the fi rst one is characterized by optimal or close to optimum properties which allows refusing from (or reducing substantially) tillage, introduction of fertilizers or chemical ameliorates; the second one has average parameters of fertility corresponding to zonal soils and demands the application of zonal technologies; the third one (with the worst parameters of fertility) presupposes regular use of the improved technologies. Conclusions. The introduction of precise agriculture will allow replacing a traditional zonal system with thenew which is soil-protecting and resource-saving one.
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Bhatt, R., and Sanjay Swami. "Soil fertility status of Ratte Khera farm of Punjab Agricultural University, Punjab, India." Journal of Environmental Biology 41, no. 6 (November 15, 2020): 1665–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.22438/jeb/41/6/si-247.
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Aim: To delineates micro and macro nutrients along with physico-chemical properties of Ratte-Khera farm of Punjab Agricultural University (PAU), Ludhiana, Punjab, India for effective use of nutrients. Methodology: Thirty two soil samples were collected during 2019 from eight different location using GPS from different soils depths viz.? 0-15,15-30, 30-60 and 60-90 cm in the problematic water logged soils of Ratte-khera farm. Further, GPS maps were also prepared pertaining to different depths for the judicious use of fertilizers in the region.? Parker nutrient index was also evaluated for different nutrients for the region. Results: Around 87.5% of the samples had normal pH (6.5 -8.7) and 12.5% soils were with pH on higher side with higher range of EC, lower range of SOC, higher and potassium. About 87.5 % samples were in higher available-phosphorus. Further, lower and higher range of DTPA zinc and copper observed in samples while 25 and 37.5% recorded with lower range of DTPA iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn). Correlation analysis revealed? availability of Fe is positively associated with Mn, P, Cu and Zn in the soil. Interpretation: Soils of Ratte-Khera farm reported to be saline (white alkali soils) with normal range of pH (no need to add any gypsum or lime). Final recommendation is to apply 25% higher dose of nitrogenous (N) and phosphatic (P) fertilizers with no need for potassic fertilizers. Further, micro-nutrients should be applied as and when symptoms observed on the field crops.
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Youssef, Mohamed Ahmed, Arwa Abdulkreem AL-Huqail, Esmat F. Ali, and Ali Majrashi. "Organic Amendment and Mulching Enhanced the Growth and Fruit Quality of Squash Plants (Cucurbita pepo L.) Grown on Silty Loam Soils." Horticulturae 7, no. 9 (August 28, 2021): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae7090269.
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Adoption of suitable organic fertilizers and soil mulching are useful tools to enhance soil quality, which will inevitably lead to improved growth and yield of crops. Little is known about the soil organic amendments and Azolla (Azolla pinnata) under soil organic mulching on the growth and yield of squash plant (Cucurbita pepo L.). A comparative study mainly focused on the impacts of organic fertilizer treatments on soil fertility and squash growth under wheat straw mulch was conducted on wooden boxes filled with silty loam soil. Wheat straw, as an organic mulch, and five organic-fertilization treatments were added to the soil. Wheat straw with a size of <2 cm was added to the soil surface with a 2 cm thickness. The fertilization treatments were: control (CO), chemical fertilizer (CF), compost (CT), vermicompost (VC), and dry Azolla (DA). Wheat straw mulch had positive effects on the soil properties, growth, and yield. The maximum fruit yield was obtained from the soil fertilized with DA under wheat straw mulch, while the lowest one was found in the control without mulching. Azolla and organic fertilizers showed a remarkable superiority over the mineral fertilization in increasing the soil fertility as well as the growth and quality of squash fruits; this superiority increased under the wheat straw mulching system. The application of recommended mineral fertilization (CF), compost (CT), vermicompost (VC), and dry Azolla (DA) under wheat straw mulch increased the soil available-N by 2, 20, 12, and 29%, respectively, above the control (CO), while these organic fertilizers without mulching increased the soil available-N by 11, 32, 26, and 48%, respectively. The production of vegetable crops such as squash plants requires the addition of organic fertilizers and mulching to increase yield and quality of fruits.
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Kádár, Imre. "Long-term effect of fertilization on soil fertility." Agrokémia és Talajtan 63, no. 1 (June 1, 2014): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/agrokem.63.2014.1.12.
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The surplus of the NPK balances of Hungarian agriculture, appearing in the nutrient balance sheet is a consequence of intensive fertilization in the past. Hungary had a positive P-balance between 1960 and 1990 for 30 years, and a positive NK-balance between 1970 and 1990 for 20 years during the 20th century.Studying the long-term effects of superphosphate in a field experiment on calcareous chernozem soil, it was found that the “half life time” of residual P was 5–7 years. The trial, i.e. the P after-effect lasted for 20 years.Liming and fertilization are the main soil fertility improving considerations for acidic sandy soils. These soils are often poor in all major nutrients. Mineral fertilizers, mainly NH4NO3, acidify soil, the pH values sink in comparison to the unfertilized plot. Liming and use of dolomite powder may counterbalance the acidification.
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Ngoran Banye, Eveline, Victor François Nguetsop, and Fritz Tabi Oben. "Integrated Soil Fertility Management Options for Maize Production and Sustainability in the Western Highlands of Cameroon." Cameroon Journal of Experimental Biology 14, no. 1 (March 10, 2021): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/cajeb.v14i1.3.
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Background: Continuous cultivation without fertilizer application and soil erosion are responsible for plant nutrient depletion and yield decline of major food crops in Sub-Saharan Africa.Methods: Nutrient status of Calliandra calothyrsus, Leucaena leucocephala, Acacia angustissima and Cassia spectabilis were characterized. Field experiments were conducted over two years in the Western Highlands of Cameroon to evaluate the effects of the application of leaf biomass of agroforestry tree species and mineral fertilizers on maize yield performance. The residual effects on soil physicochemical properties were also investigated for umbric Cambisols of Babungo and ustic Oxisols of Bansoa. Ten treatments encompassing; sole leaf biomass of Calliandra calothyrsus, Leucaena leucocephala, Acacia angustissima and Cassia spectabilis, leaf biomasses combined with NPK fertilizer, sole NPK fertilizer and absolute control were laid in a randomized complete block design and replicated three times. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and the Duncan Test (p < 0.05) used for mean separation.Results: All the species characterized had nitrogen, polyphenol and lignin contents greater than 2.5 %, 5 % and 15 % respectively. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed among treatments on maize growth, productivity parameters and soil chemical properties for both soil types. The highest maize grain yields were recorded in plots amended with 1 t/ha of biomass of Calliandra calothyrsus or Leucaena leucocephala as well as1.5 t/ha of biomass of Acacia angustissima and Cassia spectabilis plus mineral fertilizer (50 N+ 37.5 P2O5 + 45 K2O) on both soils compared to other treatments.on umbric Cambisols and ustic Oxisols respectively. The residual effects of treatments on soil chemical properties showed severe nutrient depletion in control plots and those amended with sole inorganic fertilizer.Conclusions: Combined application of agroforestry tree biomass and inorganic fertilizers remains an appropriate technology to enhance maize yield and sustain production of resource-limited farmers of acid tropical soils..
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Предоляк О. М., Круглик С. Г., Нагорна О. В., and Плотніцька А. В. "ВІДТВОРЕННЯ ПРОДУКТИВНОСТІ ҐРУНТІВ В ПРИРОДНИХ ТА ВИРОБНИЧИХ УМОВАХ." World Science 2, no. 7(35) (July 12, 2018): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.31435/rsglobal_ws/12072018/6012.
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It was investigated the effect of long fallow and systematic minimizing tillage on organic matter in soils and its potential renewing ability. It was investigated the factors of influence on the mineralization and humification of soil organic matter. Using of energy-saving technologies and alternative organic fertilizers increases soil organic matter and gives the results close to the fallow values. It was found that soil fertility performance to the fallow levels are possible with prolonged use of organic fertilizers and minimize soil tillage.
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Anatolyevna Pronko, Nina, Viktor Vladislavovich Korsak, Lubov Gennadievna Romanova, Aleksey Vladimirovich Kravchuk, and Vladimir Viktorovich Afonin. "The Effect of Prolonged Irrigation on the Dry Steppe Soils’ Fertility in the Volga Region." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.38 (December 3, 2018): 1210. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.38.27764.
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The article deals with the negative effect of the prolonged irrigation on the contents and quality of humus, and plant nutrients’ stock in the soil. The research was aimed at studying the nature and regularities of the transformation of organic matter (humus) and nutrients in the dark chestnut soil of dry steppe zone in the Volga region in the process of irrigation over half a century long. Field and laboratory experiments, as well as theoretical methods, such as mathematical statistics were used for studying the soil agrochemical properties. The research has shown that humus mineralization in irrigated soils is more pronounced, compared to nonirrigated soils, dehumification increases with increasing the period of irrigation and intensification of agriculture; the content and stock of humus decreases with irrigation, and is accompanied by the negative changes in its qualitative composition. The article describes the reasons for dehumification and negative changes in the qualitative composition of humus in the dark chestnut soils: deficient nitrogen balance due to insufficient use of nitrogen fertilizers, which resulted in the destruction of the organic matter in the soil, increased share of tilled crops in the crop structure, absence of nitrogen-fixing ability in alfalfa due to significant soil compaction, and insufficient introduction of organic fertilizers. The found peculiarities of dehumification and reduction of nutrients availability in the soil, which are the most dangerous degradation processes in the soils of the region that reduce the efficiency of irrigated agriculture, are required for developing substantiated solutions for preventing dehumification, restoring the fertility of irrigated soils, and reducing deficiency of foodstuffs in arid regions.
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Laekemariam, Fanuel, and Kibebew Kibret. "Explaining Soil Fertility Heterogeneity in Smallholder Farms of Southern Ethiopia." Applied and Environmental Soil Science 2020 (May 13, 2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6161059.
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Soil is spatially heterogeneous and needs site-specific management. However, soil nutrient information at larger scale in most cases is lacking. Consequently, fertilizer advisory services become dependent upon blanket recommendation approach. Subsequently, it affects yield and profitability. This study is aimed at explaining soil fertility heterogeneity in Wolaita zone, Southern Ethiopia. About 789 soil samples were collected to evaluate soil physical (color, particle size, and bulk density) and chemical properties (pH, OC, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, PBS, and CEC). The laser diffraction method for soil particles and mid-infrared diffused reflectance (MIR) spectral analysis for OC, TN, and CEC determination were employed. Mehlich-III extraction and inductively coupled plasma (ICP) spectrometer measurement were used for the remaining elements. The result based on principal component analysis showed that 52% of the total variations were explained by exchangeable bases, CEC, pH, available P, Cu, B, and particle sizes. Clay texture and acidic soil reaction are dominant. Soil parameters with the following ranges were found at low status: soil OC (0.2–6.9%), total N (0.01–0.7%), available P (0.1–238 mg/kg), S (4–30 mg/kg), B (0.01–6.9 mg/kg), and Cu (0.01–5.0 mg/kg). Besides, low levels of exchangeable Ca, Mg, and K (Mg-induced K deficiency) on 22, 34, and 54% soil samples, respectively, were recorded. The soil contained sufficient Fe, Zn, and Mn. In conclusion, the study aids in developing practical decision for optimum soil management interventions and overcomes lower productivity occurring due to fertilizer use that is not tailored to the local conditions. Overall, continuous cropping, low return of crop residues, and low and/or no fertilizer application might have caused the low status of N, P, K, S, B, and Cu. Therefore, application of inorganic fertilizers specific to the site, lime in acidic soils, and organic fertilizers are recommended to restore the soil fertility and improve crop productivity.
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Samuel, Alina Dora, Simona Bungau, Delia Mirela Tit, Carmen Elena Melinte (Frunzulica), Lavinia Purza, and Gabriela Elena Badea. "Effects of Long Term Application of Organic and Mineral Fertilizers on Soil Enzymes." Revista de Chimie 69, no. 10 (November 15, 2018): 2608–1612. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.18.10.6590.
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Long term productivity and conservation of soils is critical for sustaining agricultural ecosystems. The specific objective of the work reported was to determine the effects of long term application of organic and mineral fertilizers on soil enzyme activity as an index of soil biology and biochemistry. Three key soil enzymes involved in intracellular metabolism of microorganisms and two soil enzymes involved in phosphorus metabolism were selected. Actual and potential dehydrogenase, catalase, acid and alkaline phosphatase activities were determined in the 0-20 cm layer of an eroded soil submitted to a complex fertilization experiment. Results showed that addition of mineral fertilizers to organic (green manure and farmyard manure) fertilizers led to a significant increase in each activity because of increased plant biomass production which upon incorporation stimulates soil biological activity. The enzymatic indicators of soil quality calculated from the values of enzymatic activities depending on the kind of fertilizers showed that by the determination of enzymatic activities valuable information can be obtained regarding fertility status of soils. A weak positive correlation between enzymatic indicators of soil quality and maize yield was established. The yield data demonstrate the superiority of farmyard manure which provided greater stability in crop production. Substantial improvement in soil biological activity due to application of organic fertilizers with mineral fertilizers contribute in maintaining the productivity and soil health.
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Reyes Moreno, Giovanni, Aquiles Enrique Darghan Contreras, and Diego Andrés Ramírez Lesmes. "Design of a surface response model to determine the optimal value for wood volume in Acacia mangium Willd, by applying different doses of biochar to the soil." DYNA 86, no. 211 (October 1, 2019): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/dyna.v86n211.78331.
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The low fertility of soils of the eastern plains of Colombia makes it necessary to search for methods of improving different soil properties. Fertile soils increase yields of different crops in the region, and particularly agroforestry agroecosystems will increase wood volume. Including stabilized waste residues such as biochar will probably increase fertility. The objective of this research was to estimate the optimal volume of Acacia mangiumwood that can be obtained, when using two fertilizers applied to the soil at two levels, fitting a central composite design with star points. In the model, two levels of treatment were applied: 40 and 80 ton · ha-1of biochar and 50 and 100 g per plant ofsynthetic fertilizer 15-15-15. The optimum wood volume was found at 8566.9 cm3when the biochar was combined with 63.1 ton·ha-1and 15-15-15 at a dose of 84.4 g per plant.
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Chathurika, J. A. S., D. Kumaragamage, S. P. Indraratne, and W. S. Dandeniya. "Improving soil carbon pool, soil fertility and yield of maize (Zea mays L.) in low-fertile tropical Alfisols by combining fertilizers with slow-decomposing organic amendments." Journal of Agricultural Science 157, no. 1 (January 2019): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859619000327.
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AbstractAmendment of recalcitrant organic materials with high carbon/nitrogen (C/N)-ratio may improve and maintain soil labile C for a longer period, thus enhancing the productivity of soils with low fertility; however, immobilization of N may affect the plant growth negatively. To reduce the negative impacts, recalcitrant organic materials can be pre-incubated with N-rich sources or applied in combination with fertilizers. The current study evaluated sawdust biochar (BC) and pre-incubated cattle manure–sawdust mixture (CS) amendments with synthetic fertilizers in improving soil carbon pool, soil fertility and maize (Zea mays L.) yield on a tropical Alfisol. Four treatments: control, site-specific fertilizer (SSF), site-specific fertilizer with sawdust biochar (BC + SSF) or pre-incubated cattle manure-sawdust mixture (CS + SSF), were evaluated for two seasons with maize. The residual effect was evaluated in the third season. During the year of active C application, lability index, C management index and potentially mineralizable N were significantly greater in CS + SSF than BC + SSF treatment. However, the same indices measured in the third season with no further application of amendments were significantly greater in BC + SSF than in CS + SSF treatment, indicating an increase in more recalcitrant C pool with BC amendment. Application of organic amendments improved soil fertility parameters compared with the application of fertilizer alone. Maize yield was significantly increased by fertilizer, with or without organic amendments; with significantly greater yield in BC + SSF than other treatments. Results suggest that soil amendment with BC had greater potential to improve the soil carbon pool and maintain labile carbon for a longer period than a pre-incubated CS.
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Biri, Alemayehu, Kibret Ketema, Solomon Ayele, and Dagnachew Lule. "Analysis of Crop Production Constraints Through Participatory Rural Appraisal in Harari Region, Eastern Ethiopia; Implications for Research and Development." Journal of Agriculture and Crops, no. 510 (October 1, 2019): 209–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/jac.510.209.217.
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Participatory rural appraisals (PRA) were conducted in July 14 to 30, 2016 in AGP-II project target districts: Erar waldiya and Dire Teyara in Harari region of Ethiopia. PRA exercises were conducted using various PRA tools which included review of secondary data, focus group discussions, field observations (Transact walk) and pair-wise ranking. The tools were used to identify the biophysical and socio-economic constraints, opportunities and developments within the kebeles. Agricultural and animal productions are common in the surveyed Kebeles of the AGP-II target districts. Mixed farming is widely practiced in the kebeles of both districts. Staple food crops like maize and sorghum, and cash crops like vegetables and khat (Catha edulis Forsk) are commonly produced across all targets of AGP-II districts and also as region as well. Growing maize and sorghum in khat alleys is another cropping system practiced in both districts. The PRA work has also identified various categories of constraints to increasing crop production in the areas. The major bottlenecks include lack of improved crop varieties, low soil fertility, deforestation, moisture stress, disease and insect pests, and lack of awareness on soil fertility crop management. In most of the PRA Kebeles, it was found that continuous cropping, complete removal of crop residues from farm lands, soil erosion, deforestation, absence of fallowing, and inadequate soil fertility management practices are the major causes for low soil fertility and crop yields. In most cases, farmers apply Di-ammonium phosphate (DAP), urea and farmyard manure to improve soil fertility and crop yield. However, very few farmers use integrated application of chemical fertilizers and farmyard manure for crop production. In addition, no scientifically formulated and recommended fertilizer rates are available for the specific soils and environments. Thus, due to the lack of scientifically recommended rates of fertilizers and high costs of mineral fertilizers, farmers often use smaller rates of mineral N and P fertilizers based on haphazard estimations.
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Muzoora, Albert K., Nelson Turyahabwe, and Jackson G. M. Majaliwa. "Validation of Farmer Perceived Soil Fertility Improving Tree Species in Agropastoral Communities of Bushenyi District." International Journal of Agronomy 2011 (2011): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/212515.
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In sub-Saharan Africa, including Uganda, there is declining soil fertility and limited on-farm use of inorganic fertilizers due to poverty and limited subsidies for inorganic fertilizer use. Thus, integration of soil fertility improving tree species (SFITs) in farming systems remains a plausible option to sustaining soil productivity. However, knowledge of the effects of many of the locally growing farmer perceived soil fertility enhancing tree species on to soil chemical and nutrient contents are thus still lacking, and this has constrained decisions on their adoption and scaling up. The objectives of this paper were to identify farmers' preferred soil fertility improving tree species in agropastoral communities of Kyeizooba subcounty Bushenyi district, and characterize their litter content and assess their effect on selected soil chemical properties. Semistructured questionnaires were administered to 333 randomly selected agropastoral farmers. Litter and soils under canopy soils were sampled from three different environments: Under canopy radius (A), canopy edge (B), open pasture land up to thrice the canopy radius (C). Results revealedEucalyptusas the most common tree species on livestock farms, followed byErythrina abyssinica. The highest litter content was recorded forMarkhamia lutea(240 g/cm2under its canopy) followed byCroton macrostachyus(90 g/cm2), and 19 g/cm2Erythrina abyssinica. Nitrogen was higher (P=.02) inErythrina abyssinicalitter, K and carbon inCroton macrostachyuslitter (P=.03). These results give evidence that of soil improversErythrina abyssinica,Croton macrostachyus, andMarkhamia luteamay positively affect soil fertility. Farmers' indigenous knowledge and or valuation of important tree species can be relied on, and thus, their indigenous knowledge need to be incorporated during identification of tree species for promotion in farming systems.
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Romanenko, O. L., I. S. Kushch, A. V. Agafonova, Yu O. Tenyukh, M. M. Solodushko, and N. M. Usova. "Dynamics of soil fertility parameters in the Zaporizhzhya region and the ways of its restoration." Scientific Journal Grain Crops 4, no. 2 (December 11, 2020): 353–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0144.
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During 2000–2018, the results of the application of organic and mineral fertilizers in dynamics and their effect on the content of humus and nutrients in the soils of the Zaporizhzhya region were reviewed. To control the state of soil fertility use the calculation of the balance of humus and nutrients. This makes it possible to determine the extent to which the application of nutrients with fertilizers covers their removal by crop yields. Negative tendencies have been identified, which have led to the deterioration of soil fertility in the Zaporizhia region. Measures are proposed to achieve a deficit-free balance of humus and nutrients. On average, in 2000–2018, the level of mineral fertilizer application in the Zaporizhia region remained low – 38 kg/ha (nitrogen – 28 kg, phosphorus – 7, potassium – 3 kg), and manure – only 0.2 t/ha. According to the results of agrochemical certification of agricultural lands, the dynamics of changes in the content of humus, easily hydrolyzed nitrogen, mobile compounds of phosphorus and potassium over the past 18 years has been determined. The average weighted content of humus in the soils in the VIII round was 3.44 %, IX – 3.52, X – 3.40, XI (2016–2018) – 3.57 %, which indicates the stability of this indicator. The weighted average nitrogen content, which is easily hydrolyzed during all rounds, has close values (83.6–90.3 mg/kg) and corresponds to a low level of its supply. The content of mobile phosphorus compounds during the VIII – IX rounds was quite stable (97.1–101.6 mg/kg), and in the X–XI rounds there was even an increase to 123.3–123.4 mg/kg. The phosphorus regime of soils is stable and corresponds to the increased level of security, except for the ninth round (average). Potassium regime of the soil for eighteen years also remains stable and refers to a high level of security (159.6–176.8 mg/kg). The balance of humus and nutrients in the soils of the region remains negative. There is a tendency of positive changes if we compare the results for the first (2003–2014) and second (2003–2018) periods. Thus, to achieve a positive balance of humus it is necessary to apply 2 t/ha of straw (+400 kg/ha), 20 kg/ha of nitrogen fertilizers and 6.4 t/ha of manure, and in 2003–2018 – respectively 2 t / ha straw (+400 kg/ha), 20 kg/ha of nitrogen, 5.8 t/ha of manure. Key words: soil, balance, dynamics, humus, fertility, organic and mineral fertilizers.
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Gerke, Jörg. "Carbon Accumulation in Arable Soils: Mechanisms and the Effect of Cultivation Practices and Organic Fertilizers." Agronomy 11, no. 6 (May 27, 2021): 1079. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11061079.
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The organic carbon content of soils is a key parameter of soil fertility. Moreover, carbon accumulation in soils may mitigate the increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration. The principles of carbon accumulation in arable soils are well known. The inclusion of clover/alfalfa/grass within the rotation is a central instrument to increase soil organic carbon. In addition, the regular application of rotted or composted farmyard manure within the rotation can increase soil organic carbon contents much more than the separate application of straw and cattle slurry. Humic substances, as a main stable part of soil organic carbon, play a central role in the accumulation of soil carbon. A major effect of compost application on soil carbon may be the introduction of stable humic substances which may bind and stabilize labile organic carbon compounds such as amino acids, peptides, or sugars. From this point of view, a definite soil carbon saturation index may be misleading. Besides stable composts, commercially available humic substances such as Leonardite may increase soil organic carbon contents by stabilization of labile C sources in soil.
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Aweto, A. O., O. Obe, and O. O. Ayanniyi. "Effects of shifting and continuous cultivation of cassava (Manihot esculenta) intercropped with maize (Zea mays) on a forest alfisol in south-western Nigeria." Journal of Agricultural Science 118, no. 2 (April 1992): 195–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600068787.
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SUMMARYSoils in farmlands near Ibadan, Nigeria, where shifting or continuous cultivation of cassava intercropped with maize is practised, were sampled in February 1990 and their characteristics compared with those of similar, uncultivated, forest soil. Organic matter, total nitrogen, exchangeable calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium, cation exchange capacity and pH were lower in the cultivated soils. Continuous cultivation exerted a greater effect on soil organic matter, total nitrogen and available phosphorus status then did shifting cultivation. It is suggested that inorganic and organic fertilizers and mulch should be applied to cultivated soil to conserve the soil nutrients. Fallows of 3–6 years following 1–3 years of cropping appeared incapable alone of adequately restoring soil fertility. They should, therefore, be supplemented with fertilizer applications.
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Janzen, H. H., and R. E. Karamanos. "Short-term and residual contribution of selected elemental S fertilizers to the S fertility of two Luvisolic soils." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 71, no. 2 (May 1, 1991): 203–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss91-020.
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A 3-yr program was carried out in central Alberta to evaluate the immediate and residual contributions of various fertilizer sulfur sources to the pool of plant-available sulfate in soil. Three elemental sulfur products, a finely-divided suspension and two elemental sulfur + bentonite products, and ammonium sulfate were applied at various rates (0–120 kg S ha−1) in factorial arrangement with various supplemental rates of sulfate (0–40 kg S ha−1). Temporal patterns of plant-available sulfur release varied significantly among fertilizer S sources, suggesting different agronomic niches for the various forms. While ammonium sulfate and the finely divided S suspension provided almost immediate correction of S deficiency, the S-bentonite products appeared be better suited to long-term maintenance of soil S fertility. The relatively slow release of plant-available S in the latter products was attributed to ineffective dispersion of the products in the soil. These slow-release characteristics need to be considered in the formulation of fertilizer recommendations on soils previously amended with S-bentonite products. Key words: Oxidation, plant availability, residual effect, S fertilizers