Academic literature on the topic 'Soil loss potential'
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Journal articles on the topic "Soil loss potential"
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Wang, S., X. Liang, G. Liu, H. Li, X. Liu, F. Fan, W. Xia, et al. "Phosphorus loss potential and phosphatase activities in paddy soils." Plant, Soil and Environment 59, No. 11 (November 7, 2013): 530–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/626/2013-pse.
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The effects of phosphorus (P) fertilizer on P loss potential, soil Olsen-P and neutral phosphatase activities in paddy soils fertilized with superphosphate or pig manure (PM) were evaluated in this paper. Data were collected from a field experiment in the Tai Lake Basin, China. Superphosphate rates were 0, 17.5, 26.7, and 35.0 kg P/ha, and PM rates were 0, 1.4, 2.1, and 2.8 t/ha for each crop, respectively. Soil Olsen-P in the plow layer increased to a greater extent with PM than with superphosphate. Pig manure increased neutral phosphatase activities in the plow layer compared with PM-free treatment. In contrast, superphosphate inhibited neutral phosphatase activities compared with superphosphate-free treatment. Spring application of P fertilizer markedly increased the total P of surface water in November (< 0.01 vs. 0.10 mg/L) compared with P-free treatment. The total P of shallow groundwater at a 75 cm depth was ~0.01 mg/L. Phosphorus fertilizer did not influence Olsen-P or neutral phosphatase activities under the plow layer. Downward movement of P did not occur. Appropriate rate of P application of 26.2 kg P/ha for each crop in this soil reduced the risk of P loss in the paddy wetland ecosystem.
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Chandramohan, T., and Dilip G. Durbude. "Estimation of soil erosion potential using Universal Soil Loss Equation." Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing 30, no. 4 (December 2002): 181–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03000361.
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Goss, Don W. "Screening Procedure for Soils and Pesticides for Potential Water Quality Impacts." Weed Technology 6, no. 3 (September 1992): 701–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00036083.
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A screening procedure has been developed to evaluate the relative loss of pesticides from soils, to assist the Soil Conservation Service in implementing water quality for conservation planning. This screening procedure is a first-tier evaluation of the impact of using a particular pesticide on a specified soil. The screening procedure was developed from evaluating pesticide loss from over 40 thousand runs of the GLEAMS (Groundwater Loading Efects of Agricultural Management Systems) model. The model input data were a combination of soils and pesticides with a wide range of properties. The estimated pesticide losses were categorized into losses by leaching, losses adsorbed on sediment in runoff, and losses in the solution phase of runoff. Algorithms using soil properties were developed to rate soils into four loss potential classes for leaching and three loss potential classes for the two categories of runoff. Also, algorithms using pesticide properties were developed to rate pesticides into four loss potential classes for leaching and three loss potential classes for runoff. The soil and pesticide groupings are combined in a matrix to give an overall loss potential rating. Statistics of the overall loss potential indicate the low loss potential class is pure, that is, it does not contain occurrences that have medium or high losses. The medium loss potential classes does not contain occurrences of high loss, but does contain many occurrences of low loss. The high loss potential class contains incidences of medium and low loss.
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Elbasiouny, Heba, Fathy Elbehiry, Hassan El-Ramady, and Eric C. Brevik. "Phosphorus Availability and Potential Environmental Risk Assessment in Alkaline Soils." Agriculture 10, no. 5 (May 14, 2020): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10050172.
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Soil phosphorus (P) is an essential element that is often limiting in ecosystems. Excessive use of P fertilizers has led to P loss from soil and introduction into the environment. However, the behavior and potential risk assessment of P in alkaline soils is not well studied. Therefore, soil sampling was performed in alkaline soils in the northern Nile Delta, Egypt. Three analytical procedures (i.e., Mehlich 3 (PM3), Olsen (POlsen), and Bray 1 (PBray) solutions) were used to evaluate P availability and potential environmental risk from P loss. Selected soil properties were determined using standard methods. Mean values of P extracted were in the order PM3 > Polsen > PBray, and were significantly correlated with each other. The PM3 was the highest in silt clay loam and lowest in sandy and loamy soils. To predict potential P loss from the soils, degree of P saturation (DPS), soil P storage capacity (SPSC), and P stability ratio (Psat) were calculated. Results showed the highest DPS was recorded in sandy textured soils, indicating that they have lower sorption capacity, whereas the SPSC was highest in silt clay textures; hence, it is likely they would act as a P sink. Psat was highest in sandy soils, which indicated a high risk for P leaching. Principal component analysis (PCA) performed on the data identified four principal components that described 83.8% of the variation between P and the studied soil parameters. The results indicated that silt was the critical soil characteristic associated with both P sorption and extractability in different textures of soil. The second component confirmed the positive association between the different soil P extraction methods (PM3, POlsen, and PBray).
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Hazbavi, Z., and S. H. R. Sadeghi. "Potential effects of vinasse as a soil amendment to control runoff and soil loss." SOIL Discussions 2, no. 2 (July 9, 2015): 767–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/soild-2-767-2015.
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Abstract. Application of organic materials are well known as environmental practices in soil restoration, preserving soil organic matter and recovering degraded soils of arid and semiarid lands. So, the present research focused on evaluating the effectiveness of vinasse, on soil conservation under simulated rainfall. Vinasse can be recycled as a soil amendment due to its organic matter. Accordingly, the laboratory experiments were conducted by using 0.25 m2-experimental plots at 20 % slope and rainfall intensity of 72 m h−1 with 0.5 h duration. The effect of three rates of vinasse at 0.5, 1, and 1.5 L m−2 was investigated on runoff and soil loss control. Laboratory results indicated that vinasse at different levels could nonsignificantly (P > 0.05) decrease the runoff amount and soil loss rate in the study plots compared to untreated plots except 1.5 L m−2 which nonsignificantly increased the runoff volume. Also, the results indicated that the soil loss amount at the vinasse application rate of 1 L m−2 was the least. The average amounts of minimum runoff volume and soil loss were about 3985 mL and 46 g for the study plot at 1 L m−2 level of vinasse application.
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Hazbavi, Z., and S. H. R. Sadeghi. "Potential effects of vinasse as a soil amendment to control runoff and soil loss." SOIL 2, no. 1 (February 17, 2016): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-71-2016.
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Abstract. Application of organic materials are well known as environmental practices in soil restoration, preserving soil organic matter and recovering degraded soils of arid and semiarid lands. Therefore, the present research focused on evaluating the effectiveness of vinasse, a byproduct mainly of the sugar-ethanol industry, on soil conservation under simulated rainfall. Vinasse can be recycled as a soil amendment due to its organic matter content. Accordingly, the laboratory experiments were conducted by using 0.25 m2 experimental plots at 20 % slope and rainfall intensity of 72 mm h−1 with 0.5 h duration. The effect of vinasse was investigated on runoff and soil loss control. Experiments were set up as a control (with no amendment) and three treated plots with doses of 0.5, 1, and 1.5 L m−2 of vinasse subjected to simulated rainfall. Laboratory results indicated that vinasse at different levels could not significantly (P > 0.05) decrease the runoff amount and soil loss rate in the study plots compared to untreated plots. The average amounts of minimum runoff volume and soil loss were about 3985 mL and 46 g for the study plot at a 1 L m−2 level of vinasse application.
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VOLD, T., M. W. SONDHEIM, and N. K. NAGPAL. "COMPUTER ASSISTED MAPPING OF SOIL EROSION POTENTIAL." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 65, no. 3 (August 1, 1985): 411–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss85-045.
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Soil erosion potential maps and summary statistics can be produced from existing information with relative ease with the aid of computers. Soil maps are digitized and survey information is stored as attributes for each soil. Algorithms are then prepared which evaluate the appropriate data base attributes (e.g. texture, slope) for each interpretation. Forty surface soil erosion potential maps were produced for the Lower Fraser Valley which identify the most erosion-prone areas and indicate average potential soil losses to be expected under assumed conditions. The algorithm developed follows the universal soil loss equation. Differences across the landscape in the R, K, and S factors are taken into account whereas the L factor is considered as a constant equal to 1.0. Worst conditions of bare soil (no crop cover, i.e. C = 1.0) and no erosion control practices (i.e. P = 1.0) are assumed. The five surface soil erosion potential classes are determined by a weighted average annual soil loss value based both on the upper 20 cm of mineral soil and on the proportion of the various soils in the polygon. A unique polygon number shown on the erosion potential map provides a link to computer tables which give additional information for each individual soil within that polygon. Key words: Erosion, computer mapping, USLE
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Herrmann, Dustin L., Laura A. Schifman, and William D. Shuster. "Widespread loss of intermediate soil horizons in urban landscapes." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 26 (June 11, 2018): 6751–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1800305115.
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Soils support terrestrial ecosystem function and therefore are critical urban infrastructure for generating ecosystem services. Urbanization processes modify ecosystem function by changing the layers of soils identified as soil horizons. Soil horizons are integrative proxies for suites of soil properties and as such can be used as an observable unit to track modifications within soil profiles. Here, in an analysis of 11 cities representing 10 of the 12 soil orders, we show that urban soils have ∼50% fewer soil horizons than preurban soils. Specifically, B horizons were much less common in urban soils and were replaced by a deepening of A horizons and a shallowing of C horizons. This shift is likely due to two processes: (i) local management, i.e., soil removal, mixing, and fill additions, and (ii) soil development timelines, i.e., urbanized soils are young and have had short time periods for soil horizon development since urbanization (decades to centuries) relative to soil formation before urbanization (centuries to millennia). Urban soils also deviated from the standard A-B-C horizon ordering at a much greater frequency than preurban soils. Overall, our finding of common shifts in urban soil profiles across soil orders and cities suggests that urban soils may function differently from their preurban antecedents. This work introduces a basis for improving our understanding of soil modifications by urbanization and its potential effects on ecosystem functioning and thereby has implications for ecosystem services derived from urban landscapes.
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Tavares, André Silva, Velibor Spalevic, Junior Cesar Avanzi, Denismar Alves Nogueira, Marx Leandro Naves Silva, and Ronaldo Luiz Mincato. "Modeling of water erosion by the erosion potential method in a pilot subbasin in southern Minas Gerais." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 40, no. 2 (April 15, 2019): 555. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2019v40n2p555.
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Soil losses due to water erosion threaten the sustainability of agriculture and the food security of current and future generations. This study estimated potential soil losses and sediment production under different types of land uses in a subbasin in the Municipality of Alfenas, southern Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil. The objective of this research was to evaluate the application of the Potential Erosion Method by the Intensity of Erosion and Drainage program and correlate the findings with the results obtained by the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation as well as geoprocessing techniques and statistical analyses. In the Potential Erosion Method, the coefficient indicating the mean erosion intensity was 0.37, which corresponded to erosion category IV and indicated weak laminar erosion processes, and the total soil loss was 649.31 Mg year-1 and the mean was 1.46 Mg ha-1 year-1. These results were consistent in magnitude with those obtained in the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation, which estimated a mean soil loss of 1.52 Mg ha-1 year-1 and a total soil loss of 668.26 Mg year-1. The Potential Erosion Method suggests that 1.5% of the area presents potential soil losses above the soil loss tolerance limit, which ranged from 5.19 to 5.90 Mg ha-1 year-1, while the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation indicated that 7.3% of the area has potential soil losses above the limit. The maximum sediment discharge was 60 Mg year-1, meaning that 9.3% of the total soil loss reached the depositional areas of the river plains or watercourses. The Potential Erosion Method was efficient in the evaluation of water erosion in tropical soils, and the results were consistent with models widely employed in the estimation of soil losses. Thus, the model can support the evaluation of soil losses in Brazil and is a robust tool for evaluating the sustainability of agricultural activities.
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Dufková, Jana. "Comparison of potential and real erodibility of soil by wind." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 55, no. 4 (2007): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun200755040015.
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Areas the most susceptible to wind erosion were chosen for the comparison of potential and real erodibility of soil by wind. All the areas are located in the Southern Moravia, the south-east of the Czech Republic. Ambulatory measurements of parameters required for wind erodibility determination were done during 2006 in three districts that are heavily endangered by wind erosion (districts of Breclav, Znojmo and Uherske Hradiste). Potential and real erodibility by wind was determined from wind velocity, soil humidity, content of clay and non-erodible soil particles. Potential soil loss does not go over the limit of the tolerable amount of soil loss 10 t.ha – 1.year – 1 at any studied area, even though all the three areas belong to the ones strongly susceptible to wind erosion. On the other hand, the tolerable soil loss for real erodibility 1.4 g.m – 2 was exceeded at two regions. Non-objectivity in the erodibility evaluation of heavy clay soils follows out of the results, as so as evident necessity of new knowledge concerning the determination of wind erosion intensity, because to date used equations come out of presumption that the more clay particles soil contains, the less susceptible to wind erosion is, which is inaccurate.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Soil loss potential"
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Hossler, Katie. "Accumulation of Carbon in Created Wetland Soils and the Potential to Mitigate Loss of Natural Wetland Carbon-Mediated Functions." The Ohio State University, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1239285185.
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Martin, Paulo Sérgio. "Determinação do potencial de perda de solo através do Sistema de Informação Geográfica (SIG) para priorização de estradas rurais no município de Ouro Verde/SP." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/154515.
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Neste presente trabalho buscou-se identificar as diversas variáveis do potencial de perda de solo no município de Ouro Verde/SP, considerando como parâmetro a classificação de solos, geologia, relevo, precipitação pluvial, o uso e ocupação da terra, as práticas de manejo conservacionista, mapeando as áreas com potencial de erosão laminar dos solos e o cruzamento das informações com a situação atual das estradas rurais não pavimentadas. As estradas não pavimentadas foram classificadas em trechos-tipos, destacando-se algumas características importantes, como altura de barranco, se está “encaixada”. O uso do MDE (Modelo Digital de Elevação) possibilitou a representação do relevo da superfície terrestre e com os dados vetoriais do município de Ouro Verde, baixados através do site do IBGE, foi possível a interpretação visual da área de estudo, analisadas através das imagens do satélite Sentinel-2. O objetivo foi identificar as estradas rurais ou trechos prioritários para readequação, através do Sistema de Informação Geográfica (SIG), com mapeamento das áreas do município e realizando o cruzamento de informações e, aplicação da Equação Universal de Perdas de Solo (USLE) e do programa InVEST®, estimando perdas de solo por erosão laminar. Servir de orientação para os gestores públicos (Prefeitura Municipal e FEHIDRO) na análise e tomada de decisão. Para determinação do Fator R para o município de Ouro Verde, a precipitação pluvial foi analisada através de uma série histórica, fornecida pelo Escritório de Desenvolvimento Rural de Dracena. Para determinação dos valores do fator R para os demais municípios que compõem as Unidades de Gerenciamento de Recursos Hídricos 20 e 21, utilizou-se o software livre netErosividade SP. Para realização da priorização dos trechos críticos das estradas, foram utilizados os parâmetros (estruturas e situações), adaptado do Projeto de Desenvolvimento Rural Sustentável – Microbacias Hidrográficas II – Acesso ao mercado, obtendo-se o enquadramento das Classes de priorização. O programa InVEST® possibilitou explorar cenários com resultados futuros prováveis, e assim foram gerados os diversos mapas de potencialidade de erosão para o município de Ouro Verde: Mapa de Susceptibilidade à Erosão Laminar, Mapa do Potencial à Erosão, Mapa do Potencial de Erosão Laminar Total por Microbacias Hidrográficas e Mapa final de Priorização das Estradas Não Pavimentadas. Obteve-se o Mapa Final de Priorização utilizando alguns parâmetros, mas é possível cruzar tantas informações quanto forem necessárias, subjetivas e objetivas, e assim chegar no objetivo, que é a priorização de trechos críticos de Estradas Rurais Não Pavimentadas.
This work aimed to identify the various variables of soil loss potential in the municipality of Ouro Verde / SP, considering as a parameter the classification of soils, geology, relief, rainfall, land use and occupation, management practices conservationist, mapping the areas with potential of laminar erosion of the soils and the crossing of the information with the current situation of the unpaved rural roads. Unpaved roads have been classified into parts-types, highlighting some important characteristics, such as height of ravine, if it is "docked". The use of the MDE (Digital Elevation Model) made possible the representation of the land surface and the vectorial data of the municipality of Ouro Verde, downloaded through the IBGE website, it was possible the visual interpretation of the study area, analyzed through the images of the Sentinel-2 satellite. The objective was to identify the rural roads or priority stretches for readjustment, through the Geographic Information System (GIS), with mapping of the areas of the municipality and carrying out the information crossing and, applying the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) and the InVEST® program, estimating soil losses due to laminar erosion. To serve as guidance for public managers (City Hall and FEHIDRO) in the analysis and decision making. To determine the R factor for the municipality of Ouro Verde, rainfall was analyzed through a historical series, provided by the Office of Rural Development of Dracena. To determine the R factor values for the other municipalities that make up the Water Resources Management Units 20 and 21, the free software netErosividade SP was used. For the prioritization of the critical stretches of the roads, the parameters (structures and situations), adapted from the Sustainable Rural Development Project - Hydrographic Microbasins II - Access to the market, were used to obtain the prioritization classes. The InVEST® program made it possible to explore scenarios with probable future results, thus generating the various erosion potential maps for the municipality of Ouro Verde: Laminar Erosion Susceptibility Map, Erosion Potential Map, Total Laminar Erosion Potential Map by Hydrographic Microbasins and Final Map of Prioritization of Non-Paved Roads. The final Prioritization Map was obtained using some parameters, but it is possible to cross as much information as necessary, subjective and objective, and thus reach the objective, which is the prioritization of critical sections of Non-Paved Rural Roads.
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Baize, David. "A “Drastic” Evaluation of the Ground-Water Pollution Potential of Karst Terrain: Lost River Ground-Water Basin, Warren County, Kentucky." TopSCHOLAR®, 1990. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1889.
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Karst terrains, such as the Lost River Karst Ground-Water Basin, are extremely vulnerable to ground-water contamination. Seven physical factors: depth to water, recharge, aquifer media, soil media, topography, impact of the vadose zone, and hydraulic conductivity, are evaluated using the DRASTIC system to determine the ground-water pollution potential of the study area. A numerical value is calculated for each of the seven factors, and a map layer for each factor is produced. These layers are then “added” together to produce a DRASTIC ground-water pollution potential map. The effectiveness of each factor in evaluating the pollution potential of karst terrain is discussed. It was determined that small scale hydrogeologic features unique to karst areas provide significant influences on contaminant transport that are not addressed by the DRASTIC methodology. Therefore, it is recommended that modifications to the DRASTIC system be made by the users of the DRASTIC system when evaluating the pollution potential of a karst terrain.
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Wang, Yutao. "Indices of Phosphorus Loss Potential from Ontario Agricultural Soils to Surface Waters." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10214/2350.
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Phosphorus (P) loss from agricultural soils has been identified as one of the major causes of eutrophication of surface waters. This study was conducted to evaluate the suitability of various measures of soil P as indicators of risk potential for P loss from agricultural soils to surface waters. To fulfill the research objective, soil samples were collected from six major soil series in southern Ontario, and were subjected to simulated precipitation and to leaching. Relationships between various soil P measures and dissolved reactive P (DRP) concentration in surface runoff and subsurface flow were assessed.
Amongst the selected soil test P (STP) and the estimates of degree of P saturation (DPS), DPSM3-2 [Mehlich-3 P/(Mehlich-3 Al + Fe)], DPSM3-3 (Mehlich-3 P/Mehlich-3 Al), and water extractable P (WEP) had the highest correlation with DRP concentration in surface runoff and leachate across all six soil series. The Fe-oxide coated filter paper P (FeO-P) method gave the second best predictor of DRP concentration through a split-line linear model. The Olsen P test was significantly correlated to DRP losses in runoff and leachate but it was generally not as strongly correlated to DRP losses as were other soil P measures.
Given that soil WEP concentration can represent risk of soil P loss, a study with a greater range of soils (n=391) suggested that DPSM3-2 and DPSM3-3 tended to overestimate P losses from alkaline soils, especially when soils had high DPSM3-2 or DPSM3-3. In comparison, soil FeO-P and DPSOl-b [Olsen P/(Olsen P + P sorption index)] each were significantly correlated to DRP concentrations in surface runoff, subsurface water and soil WEP concentration, and showed reasonable accuracy.
Compared to STP and routine DPS, a detailed soil DPS estimated from P sorption isotherm (DPSsorp) and P buffering capacity (PBC0), could provide reliable predictions of runoff DRP concentration across different soil types. Within each soil type, runoff DRP concentration increased linearly with increasing DPSsorp following a common slope of approximately 1.79, while the common change point was at a PBC0 value of approximately 0.29 L mg-1. A unit change in the PBC0 value resulted in a much greater change in runoff DRP concentration below the change point than above the change point.The OMAFRA (Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Affaires) – MOE (Ontario Ministry of Environment) Nutrient Management Joint Research Program and the University of Guelph-OMAFRA (Environmental Sustainability Research Theme) Research Program.
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Tesfamichael, Solomon Gebremariam. "Mapping potential soil erosion using rusle, remote sensing, and GIS : the case study of Weenen Game Reserve, KwaZulu-Natal." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/6399.
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Accelerated soil erosion is drawing a growing attention with the recognition that the rate of soil loss is too great to be met by soil formation rate. Weenen Game Reserve (WGR) is an area with an unfortunate history of prolonged soil erosion due to excessive overgrazing that led to severe land degradation with prominent visible scars. This problem triggered the general objective of estimating and mapping potential soil erosion in WGR. Assessing soil loss in the area objectively has important implications for the overall management plans as it is reserved for ecological recovery. The most important variables that affect soil erosion are considered as inputs in soil loss estimation models. In this study the RUSLE model, which uses rainfall, soil, topography, and cover management data, was employed. From the rainfall data, an erosivity factor was generated by using a regression equation developed by relating EI30 index and total monthly rainfall. The soil erodibility factor was calculated using the soil erodibility nomograph equation after generating the relevant data from laboratory analysis of soil samples gathered from the study area. Using exponential ordinary kriging, the point values of this factor were interpolated to fill in the non-sampled areas. The topographic effect, which is expressed as the combined impact of slope length and slope steepness, was extracted from the DEM of the study area using the flow accumulation method. For mapping of the land cover factor, in situ measurements of cover from selected sites were undertaken and assigned values from the USLE table before being related with MSAVI of Landsat 7 ETM+ image. These values were then multiplied to get the final annual soil loss map. The resulting potential soil loss values vary between 0 and 346 ton ha-1 year-l with an average of 5 ton ha-1 year-l. About 58% of the study area experiences less than 1 ton ha-1 year-1 indicating the influence of the highest values on the average value. High soil erosion rates are concentrated in the central part extending as far as the south and the north tips along the eastern escarpments and these areas are the ones with the steepest slopes. The results indicate a high variation of soil loss within the study area. Nevertheless, the majority of the area falling below the average might foresee that the soil erosion problem of the area can be minimized significantly depending largely on soil management. The most important areas for intervention are the medium and low erosion susceptible parts of WGR, which are mainly found in the flatter or gently sloping landscapes. The steepest areas are mostly covered with rocks and/or vegetation and hence less effort must be spent in managing them. Overall, the reported increasing density of the vegetation community in the area that reduces the exposure of soil from the impact of direct raindrops and surface-flowing water must be pursued further.Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2004.
Books on the topic "Soil loss potential"
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Alexander, John D. Nitrogen-loss potential ratings for Illinois soils: By John D. Alexander. [Illinois: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, College of Agriculture, Agricultural Experiment Station in cooperation with the Soil Conservation Service, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture], 1987.
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Alexander, John D. Nitrogen-loss potential ratings for Illinois soils: By John D. Alexander. [Illinois: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, College of Agriculture, Agricultural Experiment Station in cooperation with the Soil Conservation Service, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture], 1987.
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D, Alexander John. Nitrogen-loss potential ratings for Illinois soils: By John D. Alexander. Illinois: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, College of Agriculture, Agricultural Experiment Station in cooperation with the Soil Conservation Service, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, 1987.
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Potensi laju erosi di DAS Tondano Hulu: Suatu analisis menggunakan metode universal soil loss equation (USLE) dengan memanfaatkan teknologi sistem informasi geografis (SIG) = Erosion potential at Tondano Upper Watershed : an analysis using universal soil loss equation (USLE) in geographical information system (GIS) technology. Jakarta: Program Studi Ilmu Lingkungan, Program Pascasarjana, 2001.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Soil loss potential"
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Goulding, Keith, T. Scott Murrell, Robert L. Mikkelsen, Ciro Rosolem, Johnny Johnston, Huoyan Wang, and Marta A. Alfaro. "Outputs: Potassium Losses from Agricultural Systems." In Improving Potassium Recommendations for Agricultural Crops, 75–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59197-7_3.
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AbstractPotassium (K) outputs comprise removals in harvested crops and losses via a number of pathways. No specific environmental issues arise from K losses to the wider environment, and so they have received little attention. Nevertheless, K is very soluble and so can be leached to depth or to surface waters. Also, because K is bound to clays and organic materials, and adsorbed K is mostly associated with fine soil particles, it can be eroded with particulate material in runoff water and by strong winds. It can also be lost when crop residues are burned in the open. Losses represent a potential economic cost to farmers and reduce soil nutritional status for plant growth. The pathways of loss and their relative importance can be related to: (a) the general characteristics of the agricultural ecosystem (tropical or temperate regions, cropping or grazing, tillage management, interactions with other nutrients such as nitrogen); (b) the specific characteristics of the agricultural ecosystem such as soil mineralogy, texture, initial soil K status, sources of K applied (organic, inorganic), and rates and timing of fertilizer applications. This chapter provides an overview of the main factors affecting K removals in crops and losses through runoff, leaching, erosion, and open burning.
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Mengistu, Daniel, Woldeamlak Bewket, and Rattan Lal. "Soil Erosion Hazard Under the Current and Potential Climate Change Induced Loss of Soil Organic Matter in the Upper Blue Nile (Abay) River Basin, Ethiopia." In Sustainable Intensification to Advance Food Security and Enhance Climate Resilience in Africa, 137–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09360-4_7.
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Nnamani, C. V., D. B. Adewale, H. O. Oselebe, and C. J. Atkinson. "African Yam Bean the Choice for Climate Change Resilience: Need for Conservation and Policy." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 453–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_203.
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AbstractGlobal warming has emerged as a major challenge to development and human wellbeing in Sub-Saharan Africa in general and Nigeria in particular. Periodic incidents show that this challenge will continue and increase in impact on all aspects of natural resources – agriculture, ecosystems services, biodiversity depletion, environmental degradation and human health. Recognizing the enormous potential of underutilized plant genetic resources (PGRs) is crucial as sources of solutions to a number of these threatening challenges emanating from climate change (food and nutrition insecurity, genetic erosion, loss of agro-biodiversity, green job growth and income generation) cannot be over-emphasized. Sphenostylis stenocarpa (Hochst. ex. A. Rich) Harms., commonly known as African yam bean (AYB) belonging to the leguminous Fabaceae, is an underutilized PGR with rich portfolio which could serve as vital source of robust adaption and resilient germplasm for vulnerable local communities in Nigeria. Its substantial nutritional, environmental, cultural, social, medicinal, industrial and soil restorative potentials underpins its position as climate – smart species. Enhancing the potentials of African yam bean via robust innovative approaches for wider utilization through accelerated research, farmer seed exchanges, in-situ and ex-situ conservations, farmers selection, and policy programs such as seed sovereignty will accentuate its adaptation and used as resilient climate –smart species for the vulnerable groups in Nigeria to cushion impact of climate change.
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Gorfu Tessema, Bezaye, Heiko Daniel, Zenebe Adimassu, and Brian Wilson. "Soil Carbon Storage Potential of Tropical Grasses: A Review." In Botany - Recent Advances and Applications [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97835.
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Environmental degradation and climate change are key current threats to world agriculture and food security and human–induced changes have been significant driving forces of this global environmental change. An important component is land degradation which results in a diminished soil organic carbon (SOC) stock with concomitant loss of soil condition and function. Land management to improve soil organic matter content, condition and productivity is therefore a key strategy to safeguard agricultural production, food supply and environmental quality. Soil organic carbon sequestration through the use of plant species with high photosynthetic efficiency, deep roots and high biomass production is one important strategy to achieve this. Tropical pastures, which are adapted to a wide range of environmental conditions have particular potential in this regard and have been used extensively for land rehabilitation. Tropical pastures also have advantages over trees for biomass and carbon accumulation due to their rapid establishment, suitability for annual harvest, continual and rapid growth rates. In addition, tropical pastures have the potential for SOC storage in subsoil horizons due to their deep root systems and can be used as biomass energy crops, which could further promote their use as a climate change mitigation option. Here we aimed to review current knowledge regarding the SOC storage potential of tropical grasses worldwide and identified knowledge gaps and current research needs for the use of tropical grasses in agricultural production system.
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Warrick, Arthur W. "Soil Water Flow." In Soil Water Dynamics. Oxford University Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195126051.003.0007.
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The definitions of hydraulic head and soil water potential in chapter 1 assumed equilibrium. However, the primary motivation was to develop a background useful to describe dynamic systems. If a system is in equilibrium, no flow will occur; otherwise, flow will occur from regions of high to low hydraulic head. The primary flow equation will be Darcy’s law. When Darcy’s law is combined with conservation of mass, the result is a continuity equation that can have several different forms. We will refer to all of those forms generically as soil water flow equations. Generally, for unsaturated conditions, the soil water flow equation is called the Richards equation. A starting point is to examine two classical relationships from fluid dynamics, the Bernoulli and the Poiseuille laws. Bernoulli’s law relates the total potential for ideal fluids and is commonly derived in introductory physics and fluid mechanics texts (see Serway, 1990). Assumptions include an ideal fluid (non-viscous), which is one that is incompressible and which exhibits steady and irrotational flow. For these conditions, the sum of gravitational, pressure, and inertial energy at positions S1and S2 are the same along any streamline For a real fluid, viscosity causes a loss of energy as friction that must be overcome. Additionally, for most problems of interest in soils, the velocity head will be negligible compared with the pressure and gravitational terms.
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Vineeth, T. V., Shrvan Kumar, Monika Shukla, Anil Chinchmalatpure, and Parbodh ChanderSharma. "Ecological and Economic Potential of Major Halophytes and Salt Tolerant Vegetation in India." In Abiotic Stress in Plants [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.93841.
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Soil salinization is a global and climatic phenomenon that affects various spheres of life. The present rate of salinization is perilously fast because of global climate change and associated events leading to enhanced land degradation, loss of soil fertility and crop productivity. In this chapter, we tried to focus on the arid and semiarid regions of India along with our coastal zone which are economically fragile regions and need much closer attention. In future, India will face extreme pressure on its land resources in agriculture because of likely rapid degradation of these resources. Thus, salt affected soils must be brought under cultivation by adopting site specific strategies to ensure national food and nutritional security. In this regard, a comprehensive review of the major halophytes of these ecological zones, its mechanism of salt tolerance, ecological and economic potential is done. The potential applications of saline land vegetation including halophytes in climate change mitigation, phytoremediation, desalination, food, secondary metabolite and nutraceutical production, medicine, and saline agriculture have been discussed. Further, we tried to focus on popular farmer adopted halophytic species including edible ones, their uses, products of economic significance etc. which is highly imperative for effective utilization of these saline soils leading to improved livelihood and sustenance of resource poor farmers along with improved ecological balance.
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Gillette, Dale, and H. Curtis Monger. "Eolian Processes on the Jornada Basin." In Structure and Function of a Chihuahuan Desert Ecosystem. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195117769.003.0013.
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In arid and semiarid lands, soil erosion by wind is an important process that affects both the surface features and the biological potential of the ecosystem. The eolian flux of soil nutrients into or out of an ecosystem results in enrichment or impoverishment of its biological potential. In the Jornada Basin, wind erosion is the only significant mechanism for the net loss of soil materials because fluvial processes do not remove materials from the basin. Vigorous wind erosion leads to topographic changes, altering the growing conditions for plants and animals. Examples of such changes in topography are the formation of sand dunes or the removal of whole soil horizons. Our goal in this chapter is to describe the construction of a mathematical model for wind erosion and dust production for the Jornada Basin. The model attempts to answer the following questions: 1. Which soils are affected by wind erosion? 2. How does wind erosion occur on Jornada soils? 3. Does changing vegetation cover lead to a change in the source/sink relationship? 4. Is the Jornada a source or sink of eolian materials? If it is a source, what materials are lost? 5. How does wind erosion change the soil-forming process? We will provide provisional answers for the questions and outline work that will more clearly define these answers. Airborne dust has a significant residence time in the atmosphere and acts to modify the radiative properties of the atmosphere, mainly by back-scattering the incoming solar radiation (Andreae 1996). Changing land uses in arid and semiarid areas (e.g., overgrazing and cultivation) can drastically alter the dust emissions to the atmosphere (Tegen et al. 1996). The climatic effects of soil-derived dust were investigated in an experiment in central Asia (Golitsyn and Gillette 1993). Using measured size distributions for emitted dust (Sviridenkov et al. 1993) and various real and imaginary indices of refraction (Sokolik et al. 1993), Sokolik and Golitsyn (1993) calculated climatic effects. Atmospheric dust decreased the total radiative balance of the underlying surface and at the same time induced general warming of the underlying surface–atmosphere system due to a decrease in the system albedo over the arid zones.
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Priyabrata, Santra, R. Goyal, J. Tewari, M. Roy, and J. Singh. "Assessment of potential soil loss rate by wind and water erosion in Jodhpur region of western Rajasthan, India." In GlobalSoilMap, 139–43. CRC Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b16500-28.
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Majić, Ivana, Ankica Sarajlić, Emilija Raspudić, Marko Josipović, and Gabriella Kanižai Šarić. "Effects of Irrigation and Bioproducts of Microbial Origin on Nematode Community and Mycorrhizal Root Colonization in Soybean." In Nematodes - Recent Advances, Management and New Perspectives [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99294.
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Soybean (Glycine max L. Merr) is the most important legume and threaten by diverse pests and diseases. Complex interactions among rhizosphere organisms are found in all agro-ecosystems. Results of these interactions can be positive and/or negative in terms of plant production. Soil nematode community consists of different trophic groups of nematodes. Nematodes are the most abundant soil invertebrates. Several nematode species penetrate soybean roots as parasites, and can cause loss in yields. Arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi are obligate plant symbionts that colonize soybean roots naturally. The aim of the study was to evaluate effects of irrigation and amendments of bioproducts containing beneficial soil microorganisms (ABM) on nematode community and mycorrhizal root colonization in soybean. Field experiments were conducted in soybean in 2013 in Osijek, Croatia. The plots were either rain fed or irrigated to 60-100% field water capacity (FWC). We tested soil amendments and soil + foliar amendments of three commercial products containing beneficial organisms. Average number of nematodes per soil sample varied from 186,67 (soil ABM in non-irrigated plots) to 297,57 (soil+foliar ABM in plots with 60-100% FWC), and there were no significant differences between the treatments. Bacterial feeding nematodes were the most abundant, while plant parasitic genus Pratylenchus was the most abundant among other plant parasitic nematodes. There was no clear influence of any of the treatments on soil nematode community. Amendments of the bioproducts increased mycorrhizal root colonization in rain fed plots, while it decreased the mycorrhizal root colonization when soybeans were irrigated. Irrigation increased mycorrhizal root colonization in plots without amendments of the bioproducts, and mycorrhizal colonization differed significantly between the sampling dates. Further research is needed to determine if irrigation alters the potential of mycorrhiza to colonize the roots.
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Erfani Agah, Ali. "Numerical Modeling of Soil Water Flow and Nitrogen Dynamics in a Tomato Field Irrigated with Municipal Wastewater." In Recent Advances on Numerical Simulations [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.98487.
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Because of water scarcity, reduction of annual rainfall and the use of wastewater in agriculture, there is a need for research to evaluate the potential impacts of using such sources on hydraulic soil properties and groundwater quality. Nitrate loss from the area under cultivation and regular use of fertilizer and wastewater is a major reason for non-point source contamination on agricultural lands. Numerical model, Hydrus-1D used to simulate soil nitrate in soil cultivated with tomato-crop during the growing period, in North-East Iran. A randomized completely blocked design with five irrigation treatments with different sources of nitrogen was applied. Comparison between simulated and measured soil moisture content shows that the model can follow the temporal variation of soil water content. However, some over estimation of the measured data was observed during the simulation period. To evaluate the Hydrus model performance with respect to nitrogen transport and transformations, the simulated nitrogen concentrations (NH4-N and NO3-N) are compared for different treatments at different depths of soil profile, (7.5, 22.5, 37.5, 52.5 and 120 cm from soil surface). It takes about 4 days to convert 90% of urea into ammonium and it takes about 70 days to convert 90% of ammonium into nitrate. However, urea concentrations decreased with time between irrigations as a result of hydrolysis. As expected, at 3.73 days, the urea was concentrated near the surface, immediately after fertigation. Ammonium remained concentrated in the immediate in the top soil at all times for all treatments. There was only slight movement, because of soil adsorption and subsequent fast nitrification and/or root uptake. In contrast to ammonium, nitrate moved continuously downwards during the 28-day simulation period, as nitrate is not adsorbed, whereas denitrification was assumed negligible. Leaching percentages were smaller for nitrate wastewater compared to nitrate- fertilizer, and manure. Base on simulation results treated municipal wastewater by an aerated lagoon can be used as a valuable source of irrigation without causing contamination of groundwater.
Conference papers on the topic "Soil loss potential"
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Dennis C. Flanagan, James R. Frankenberger, and Charles R. Meyer. "Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) Technology for Assessment of Runoff, Soil Loss and Sediment Yield Potential." In 2006 Portland, Oregon, July 9-12, 2006. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.20707.
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Akinmolayan, Akintunde, Kayode Adepoju, Samuel Adelabu, and Abiodun Osunmadewa. "Estimating Potential Annual Soil Loss of Watershed in Nigeria Using Rulse in a GIS and Remote Sensing Environment." In IGARSS 2018 - 2018 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2018.8519388.
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Shafer, David S., David DuBois, Vic Etyemezian, Ilias Kavouras, Julianne J. Miller, George Nikolich, and Mark Stone. "Fire as a Long-Term Stewardship Issue for Soils Contaminated With Radionuclides in the Western U.S." In The 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2007-7181.
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On both U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and U.S. Department of Defense sites in the southwestern United States (U.S.), significant areas of surface soils are contaminated with radionuclides from atmospheric nuclear testing, and with depleted uranium, primarily from military training. At DOE sites in Nevada, the proposed regulatory closure strategy for most sites is to leave contaminants in place with administrative controls and periodic monitoring. Closure-in-place is considered an acceptable strategy because the contaminated sites exist on access-restricted facilities, decreasing the potential risk to public receptor, the high cost and feasibility of excavating contaminated soils over large areas, and the environmental impacts of excavating desert soils that recover very slowly from disturbance. The largest of the contaminated sites on the Tonopah Test Range in Nevada covers over 1,200 hectares. However, a factor that has not been fully investigated in the long-term stewardship of these sites is the potential effects of fires. Because of the long half-lives of some of the contaminants (e.g., 24,100 years for 239Pu) and changes in land-cover and climatic factors that are increasing the frequency of fires throughout the western U.S., it should be assumed that all of these sites will eventually burn, possibly multiple times, during the timeframe when they still pose a risk. Two primary factors are contributing to increased fire frequency. The first is the spread of invasive grasses, particularly cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum and Bromus rubens), which have out-competed native annuals and invaded interspaces between shrubs, allowing fires to burn easier. The second is a sharp increase in fire frequency and size throughout the western U.S. beginning in the mid-1980s. This second factor appears to correlate with an increase in average spring and summer temperatures, which may be contributing to earlier loss of soil moisture and longer periods of dry plant biomass (particularly from annual plants). The potential risk to site workers from convective heat dispersion of radionuclide contaminants is an immediate concern during a fire. Long-term, post-fire concerns include potential changes in windblown suspension properties of contaminated soil particles after fires because of loss of vegetation cover and changes in soil properties, and soil erosion from surface water runoff and fluvial processes.
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Memon, Saud, and Paul Fromme. "Stray Current Corrosion Assessment of Utility Pipes." In 2016 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2016-5709.
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Stray current corrosion will occur at each point where the current transfers from a metallic conductor (such as structural reinforcement) to the electrolyte (i.e, the soil or concrete). Hence stray current leakage can cause corrosion damage to the rails, railway metallic structures, utility pipelines in the soil and any other low resistance metal buried in the vicinity. The hazard posed by stray current is not confined to structures that are within the vicinity of the railway. Stray currents can flow considerable distances (particularly in soils of low resistivity) and can therefore cause corrosion damage to what may be considered remote structures. This paper presents the importance of corrosion control on utility pipes and then presents and evaluates potential metal loss using arithmetic equations and basic modeling.
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Park, Jack, Lisa Wheeler, Katherine Johnston, and Mike Statters. "Geotechnical Lessons Learned From Nineteen Railway Trenchless Crossings During Construction of a Transmission Pipeline." In 2020 13th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2020-9702.
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Abstract When new pipelines are constructed, they often cross existing major infrastructure, such as railways. To reduce potential service disruption, it is a common practice to complete these crossings using trenchless technologies. Without proper methods and oversight in planning and construction, there may be serious safety and financial implications to the operators of the railways and the public due to unacceptable settlement or heave. If movement tolerances are exceeded, the schedule and financial loss to the railway operators could be in the millions of dollars per day. Recent construction of a new pipeline across the Canadian prairies implemented ground movement monitoring plans at 19 trenchless railway crossings in order to reduce the potential for impact to the track and railway operations. The specifics of the plan varied for each site and were based on the expected ground conditions, as well as permit requirements from the various railway operators, but typically included ground movement monitoring surveys, observation of the cuttings, recommendations for a soil plug at the leading edge of the bore casing, and frequent communication with both the railway operators and the contractors. For all crossings, the expected soil and groundwater conditions were obtained from pre-construction boreholes and confirmed during excavation of the bore bays. Based on the expected ground conditions, appropriate soil plug lengths, if required, were recommended. In general, fine-grained clay/silt-dominated soils needed minimal to no soil plug in order to minimize the potential for ground heave, while coarser-grained sand-dominated soils needed a longer soil plug in order to reduce the potential for “flowing soil” which would cause over excavation along the bore path. Prior to boring, surface monitoring points were established along the tracks to monitor for changes in the ground surface elevation. Additional subsurface points were installed for crossings where the potential for over excavation was higher. These monitoring points were surveyed before, throughout, and following completion of construction, and the frequency of the surveys was increased when the movement was nearing or exceeding specified tolerances. The effort to monitor and reduce the potential for ground movement was a coordinated effort between the geotechnical engineers, railway operators, and construction contractors. The purpose of this paper is to present the lessons learned from the 19 trenchless railway crossings, including the challenges and successes. Recommendations for ground movement monitoring are also provided to help guide railway operators, design and geotechnical engineers, and contractors during the construction of future trenchless pipeline crossings of railway infrastructure.
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Russo, Wanderley Camargo, Alcindo Pereira dos Santos Filho, Celso Rodrigues da Silveira Filho, Cláudio dos Santos Amaral, Maurício Martines Sales, Carlos Alberto Lauro Vargas, Patrícia de Araújo Romão, and Diego Tarley Ferreira Nascimento. "Susceptibility to Erosion of Pipeline Rights-of-Way in Tropical Soils: Case of a Brazilian Pipeline." In ASME 2013 International Pipeline Geotechnical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipg2013-1935.
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TRANSPETRO is responsible, among other activities, by operation and maintenance of pipelines throughout Brazil. Particularly in the Midwest region the company operates the OSBRA pipeline, which moves about 8.7 Mm3/years of fuel and covers approximately 1,000 km long, predominantly in tropical soils. Erosive processes are significant and constitute the main geotechnical occurrence in OSBRA pipelines rights-of-way. In order to identify the susceptibility to erosion of the area close to the pipelines were developed basic thematic maps, that overlaid will help in identifying homogeneous zones in terms of existing material susceptibility. The mapping is being accompanied by an extensive endeavor of field inspections along the pipeline rights-of-way, that comprised geotechnical investigations, verifying the conditions of use and soil management, the conservation status of existing drainage works and geotechnical characterization of soil samples of major geological formations, including erodibility tests. The methodology is being developed in ArcGIS frame, starting from the morphometric analysis and the use of Digital Elevation Models (DEM), aiming to understanding superficial flow conditions (acceleration and concentration) and consequent soil loss. The modeling results will be compared with historical occurrences erosive 15 (fifteen) years of pipeline operation, seeking for an adherence on various geological, topographical and meteorological tested. The methodology will improve further procedures for identifying potential erosions in tropical soils and will allow to anticipating preventive maintenance in the most susceptible locals the pipeline rights-of-way, suggesting mitigation measures best suited for each type of potential erosive mechanism.
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Muth, David, Joshua Koch, Douglas McCorkle, and Kenneth Bryden. "A Computational Strategy for Design and Implementation of Equipment That Addresses Sustainable Agricultural Residue Removal at the Subfield Scale." In ASME 2012 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2012-71430.
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Agricultural residues are the largest potential near term source of biomass for bioenergy production. Sustainable use of agricultural residues for bioenergy production requires consideration of the important role that residues play in maintaining soil health and productivity. Innovation equipment designs for residue harvesting systems can help economically collect agricultural residues while mitigating sustainability concerns. A key challenge in developing these equipment designs is establishing sustainable reside removal rates at the sub-field scale. Several previous analysis studies have developed methodologies and tools to estimate sustainable agricultural residue removal by considering environmental constraints including soil loss from wind and water erosion and soil organic carbon at field scale or larger but have not considered variation at the sub-field scale. This paper introduces a computational strategy to integrate data and models from multiple spatial scales to investigate how variability of soil, grade, and yield within an individual cornfield can impact sustainable residue removal for bioenergy production. This strategy includes the current modeling tools (i.e., RUSLE2, WEPS, and SCI), the existing data sources (i.e., SSURGO soils, CLIGEN, WINDGEN, and NRCS managements), and the available high fidelity spatial information (i.e., LiDAR slope and crop yield monitor output). Rather than using average or representative values for crop yields, soil characteristics, and slope for a field, county, or larger area, the modeling inputs are based on the same spatial scale as the precision farming data available. There are three challenges for developing an integrated model for sub-field variability of sustainable agricultural residue removal—the computational challenge of iteratively computing with 400 or more spatial points per hectare, the inclusion of geoprocessing tools, and the integration of data from different spatial scales. Using a representative field in Iowa, this paper demonstrates the computational algorithms used and establishes key design parameters for an innovative residue removal equipment design concept.
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Cuéllar, Pablo, Matthias Baeßler, and Werner Rücker. "Pore-Pressure Accumulation and Soil Softening Around Pile Foundations for Offshore Wind Turbines." In ASME 2012 31st International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2012-84201.
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The foundation of offshore wind turbines usually involves the installation of large-diameter steel piles in the seabed, either in monopile or multi-pile configurations (jacket, tripod, etc…), which have to ensure a proper fixity of the turbine during its whole service life-time. However, such foundations raise several challenges and novel questions, partly due to the special characteristics of the offshore environment (for instance, the large numbers of load cycles from wind and waves and the possible influence of transient changes of pore water pressure around the pile) and aggravated by their large diameter, reduced slenderness and elevated ratio of lateral to vertical loads (see Fig. 1). This paper studies the effects of cyclic lateral loading on the offshore piles focusing on the possibility of a progressive accumulation of residual pore water pressure within the saturated embedding soil. As it will be shown, this can lead to significant changes of their behaviour under external loading, which can potentially compromise the foundation’s stability or serviceability. The paper will also analyse some singular effects of an irregular loading (e.g. cyclic loading with variable amplitude), in particular the so-called “order effects” and the phenomena arising during a realistic storm of moderate magnitude, and discuss their potential for transient damages to the foundation’s stiffness. All these phenomena, which can lead to a loss of serviceability of the structure, have been investigated by the authors by means of a coupled bi-phasic analytical model of the offshore foundation featuring a versatile constitutive law suitable for the soil. The constitutive model, in the frame of the theory of Generalized Plasticity, can reproduce some complex features of cyclic soil behaviour such as the tendency for a progressive densification under cyclic loading, which is responsible for the soil liquefaction phenomena in undrained conditions. Finally, some implications of these issues for the practical design of offshore monopiles will be discussed and some specific recommendations for the design procedures will be outlined.
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Abdalla, Basel, Chengye Fan, Colin Mckinnon, Vincent Gaffard, Annie Audibert-Hayet, Edmond Coche, and Ayman Eltaher. "Extended Porosity Rate Function for Frost Heave." In ASME 2014 33rd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2014-24221.
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Frost heave is a common phenomenon in the Arctic, where soil expands in the direction of heat loss due to ice lens growth upon freezing. It also occurs if a refrigerated structure is buried in unfrozen frost heave-susceptible soil, and thus special considerations are required when designing chilled or LNG pipelines in the Arctic. In the past decades, many theoretical and numerical methods have been developed to predict the frost heave of freezing soil. Among them, the rigid ice model, segregation potential model, and porosity rate function model are the most popular. These frost heave models work well in predicting the soil response during a pure freezing process, but none of these methods consider a thawing and consolidation of soil, which is the opposite but integrated process when the system undergoes the annual temperature cycle. In this study, efforts are made to extend the porosity rate function to the thawing branch based on reasonable assumptions. With the extended model, a fluctuating surface temperature can be applied on top of the soil surface to simulate a continuous changing ambient temperature. The extended model is realized in ABAQUS with user defined subroutines. It is also validated with test data available in the public domain. As an application example, the extended model is utilized to simulate a chilled gas line buried in frost-susceptible soil to estimate its frost heave over a multi-year operation.
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Mansour, Alaa M., Brian J. Gordon, Qi Ling, and Qiang Shen. "TLP Survivability Against Progressive Failure of Tendon and Foundation Systems in Offshore Western Australian Harsh Environment." In ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2013-11468.
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In this paper the design robustness of Tension Leg Platform (TLP) tendon and tendon foundation systems of a TLP that is located in offshore Western Australia is investigated. A case study of a TLP that is self-stable (without tendons) has been considered. The study involves the numerical simulation of progressive failure of tendons in cyclonic events. The TLP response during the transition from a restrained TLP with all tendons to the free-floating condition has been numerically simulated. The numerical results from this simulation have been verified against physical model test measurements. The numerical simulation is repeated for a TLP with an optimized hull design that does not maintain stability when all tendons fail. Cost versus benefit in these two cases is quantified and compared. The progressive failure of the TLP Gravity Base Foundation (GBF) system has also been investigated in this paper. One of the potential failure modes for this type of foundation is the loss of suction underneath the foundation. Increasing the amount of solid ballast in the GBF increases the net downward load on the soil and reduces the reliance on the soil suction. Numerical simulations of the progressive loss of suction are performed for two cases; 1) slightly over designed foundation to include extra ballast and 2) optimized foundation design that is highly rely on the soil suction. Again, cost versus benefit in these two cases is presented. The paper provides clear insights supported by calculations and model tests for proposed design robustness that could be built in a TLP design at a relatively small additional cost to address uncertainties associated with designing TLP in offshore Western Australian harsh environment region.
Reports on the topic "Soil loss potential"
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Berkowitz, Jacob, Christine VanZomeren, Nia Hurst, and Kristina Sebastian. An evaluation of soil phosphorus storage capacity (SPSC) at proposed wetland restoration locations in the western Lake Erie Basin. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42108.
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Historical loss of wetlands coupled with excess phosphorus (P) loading at watershed scales have degraded water quality in portions of the western Lake Erie Basin (WLEB). In response, efforts are underway to restore wetlands and decrease P loading to surface waters. Because wetlands have a finite capacity to retain P, researchers have developed techniques to determine whether wetlands function as P sources or sinks. The following technical report evaluates the soil P storage capacity (SPSC) at locations under consideration for wetland restoration in collaboration with the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (GLRI) and the H2Ohio initiative. Results indicate that the examined soils display a range of P retention capacities, reflecting historic land-use patterns and management regimes. However, the majority of study locations exhibited some capacity to sequester additional P. The analysis supports development of rankings and comparative analyses of areas within a specific land parcel, informing management through design, avoidance, removal, or remediation of potential legacy P sources. Additionally, the approaches described herein support relative comparisons between multiple potential wetland development properties. These results, in conjunction with other data sources, can be used to target, prioritize, justify, and improve decision-making for wetland management activities in the WLEB.
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Douglas, Thomas A., Christopher A. Hiemstra, Miriam C. Jones, and Jeffrey R. Arnold. Sources and Sinks of Carbon in Boreal Ecosystems of Interior Alaska : A Review. U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41163.
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Boreal ecosystems store large quantities of carbon but are increasingly vulnerable to carbon loss due to disturbance and climate warming. The boreal region in Alaska and Canada, largely underlain by discontinuous permafrost, presents a challenging landscape for itemizing carbon sources and sinks in soil and vegetation. The roles of fire, forest succession, and the presence/absence of permafrost on carbon cycle, vegetation, and hydrologic processes have been the focus of multidisciplinary research in boreal ecosystems for the past 20 years. However, projections of a warming future climate, an increase in fire severity and extent, and the potential degradation of permafrost could lead to major landscape and carbon cycle changes over the next 20 to 50 years. To assist land managers in interior Alaska in adapting and managing for potential changes in the carbon cycle, this paper was developed incorporating an overview of the climate, ecosystem processes, vegetation, and soil regimes. The objective is to provide a synthesis of the most current carbon storage estimates and measurements to guide policy and land management decisions on how to best manage carbon sources and sinks. We provide recommendations to address the challenges facing land managers in efforts to manage carbon cycle processes. The results of this study can be used for carbon cycle management in other locations within the boreal biome which encompasses a broad distribution from 45° to 83° north.