To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Soil loss potential.
Journal articles on the topic 'Soil loss potential'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Soil loss potential.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Wang, S., X. Liang, G. Liu, H. Li, X. Liu, F. Fan, W. Xia, et al. "Phosphorus loss potential and phosphatase activities in paddy soils." Plant, Soil and Environment 59, No. 11 (November 7, 2013): 530–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/626/2013-pse.
Full textAbstract:
The effects of phosphorus (P) fertilizer on P loss potential, soil Olsen-P and neutral phosphatase activities in paddy soils fertilized with superphosphate or pig manure (PM) were evaluated in this paper. Data were collected from a field experiment in the Tai Lake Basin, China. Superphosphate rates were 0, 17.5, 26.7, and 35.0 kg P/ha, and PM rates were 0, 1.4, 2.1, and 2.8 t/ha for each crop, respectively. Soil Olsen-P in the plow layer increased to a greater extent with PM than with superphosphate. Pig manure increased neutral phosphatase activities in the plow layer compared with PM-free treatment. In contrast, superphosphate inhibited neutral phosphatase activities compared with superphosphate-free treatment. Spring application of P fertilizer markedly increased the total P of surface water in November (< 0.01 vs. 0.10 mg/L) compared with P-free treatment. The total P of shallow groundwater at a 75 cm depth was ~0.01 mg/L. Phosphorus fertilizer did not influence Olsen-P or neutral phosphatase activities under the plow layer. Downward movement of P did not occur. Appropriate rate of P application of 26.2 kg P/ha for each crop in this soil reduced the risk of P loss in the paddy wetland ecosystem.
2
Chandramohan, T., and Dilip G. Durbude. "Estimation of soil erosion potential using Universal Soil Loss Equation." Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing 30, no. 4 (December 2002): 181–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03000361.
Full text
3
Goss, Don W. "Screening Procedure for Soils and Pesticides for Potential Water Quality Impacts." Weed Technology 6, no. 3 (September 1992): 701–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00036083.
Full textAbstract:
A screening procedure has been developed to evaluate the relative loss of pesticides from soils, to assist the Soil Conservation Service in implementing water quality for conservation planning. This screening procedure is a first-tier evaluation of the impact of using a particular pesticide on a specified soil. The screening procedure was developed from evaluating pesticide loss from over 40 thousand runs of the GLEAMS (Groundwater Loading Efects of Agricultural Management Systems) model. The model input data were a combination of soils and pesticides with a wide range of properties. The estimated pesticide losses were categorized into losses by leaching, losses adsorbed on sediment in runoff, and losses in the solution phase of runoff. Algorithms using soil properties were developed to rate soils into four loss potential classes for leaching and three loss potential classes for the two categories of runoff. Also, algorithms using pesticide properties were developed to rate pesticides into four loss potential classes for leaching and three loss potential classes for runoff. The soil and pesticide groupings are combined in a matrix to give an overall loss potential rating. Statistics of the overall loss potential indicate the low loss potential class is pure, that is, it does not contain occurrences that have medium or high losses. The medium loss potential classes does not contain occurrences of high loss, but does contain many occurrences of low loss. The high loss potential class contains incidences of medium and low loss.
4
Elbasiouny, Heba, Fathy Elbehiry, Hassan El-Ramady, and Eric C. Brevik. "Phosphorus Availability and Potential Environmental Risk Assessment in Alkaline Soils." Agriculture 10, no. 5 (May 14, 2020): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10050172.
Full textAbstract:
Soil phosphorus (P) is an essential element that is often limiting in ecosystems. Excessive use of P fertilizers has led to P loss from soil and introduction into the environment. However, the behavior and potential risk assessment of P in alkaline soils is not well studied. Therefore, soil sampling was performed in alkaline soils in the northern Nile Delta, Egypt. Three analytical procedures (i.e., Mehlich 3 (PM3), Olsen (POlsen), and Bray 1 (PBray) solutions) were used to evaluate P availability and potential environmental risk from P loss. Selected soil properties were determined using standard methods. Mean values of P extracted were in the order PM3 > Polsen > PBray, and were significantly correlated with each other. The PM3 was the highest in silt clay loam and lowest in sandy and loamy soils. To predict potential P loss from the soils, degree of P saturation (DPS), soil P storage capacity (SPSC), and P stability ratio (Psat) were calculated. Results showed the highest DPS was recorded in sandy textured soils, indicating that they have lower sorption capacity, whereas the SPSC was highest in silt clay textures; hence, it is likely they would act as a P sink. Psat was highest in sandy soils, which indicated a high risk for P leaching. Principal component analysis (PCA) performed on the data identified four principal components that described 83.8% of the variation between P and the studied soil parameters. The results indicated that silt was the critical soil characteristic associated with both P sorption and extractability in different textures of soil. The second component confirmed the positive association between the different soil P extraction methods (PM3, POlsen, and PBray).
5
Hazbavi, Z., and S. H. R. Sadeghi. "Potential effects of vinasse as a soil amendment to control runoff and soil loss." SOIL Discussions 2, no. 2 (July 9, 2015): 767–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/soild-2-767-2015.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Application of organic materials are well known as environmental practices in soil restoration, preserving soil organic matter and recovering degraded soils of arid and semiarid lands. So, the present research focused on evaluating the effectiveness of vinasse, on soil conservation under simulated rainfall. Vinasse can be recycled as a soil amendment due to its organic matter. Accordingly, the laboratory experiments were conducted by using 0.25 m2-experimental plots at 20 % slope and rainfall intensity of 72 m h−1 with 0.5 h duration. The effect of three rates of vinasse at 0.5, 1, and 1.5 L m−2 was investigated on runoff and soil loss control. Laboratory results indicated that vinasse at different levels could nonsignificantly (P > 0.05) decrease the runoff amount and soil loss rate in the study plots compared to untreated plots except 1.5 L m−2 which nonsignificantly increased the runoff volume. Also, the results indicated that the soil loss amount at the vinasse application rate of 1 L m−2 was the least. The average amounts of minimum runoff volume and soil loss were about 3985 mL and 46 g for the study plot at 1 L m−2 level of vinasse application.
6
Hazbavi, Z., and S. H. R. Sadeghi. "Potential effects of vinasse as a soil amendment to control runoff and soil loss." SOIL 2, no. 1 (February 17, 2016): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-71-2016.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Application of organic materials are well known as environmental practices in soil restoration, preserving soil organic matter and recovering degraded soils of arid and semiarid lands. Therefore, the present research focused on evaluating the effectiveness of vinasse, a byproduct mainly of the sugar-ethanol industry, on soil conservation under simulated rainfall. Vinasse can be recycled as a soil amendment due to its organic matter content. Accordingly, the laboratory experiments were conducted by using 0.25 m2 experimental plots at 20 % slope and rainfall intensity of 72 mm h−1 with 0.5 h duration. The effect of vinasse was investigated on runoff and soil loss control. Experiments were set up as a control (with no amendment) and three treated plots with doses of 0.5, 1, and 1.5 L m−2 of vinasse subjected to simulated rainfall. Laboratory results indicated that vinasse at different levels could not significantly (P > 0.05) decrease the runoff amount and soil loss rate in the study plots compared to untreated plots. The average amounts of minimum runoff volume and soil loss were about 3985 mL and 46 g for the study plot at a 1 L m−2 level of vinasse application.
7
VOLD, T., M. W. SONDHEIM, and N. K. NAGPAL. "COMPUTER ASSISTED MAPPING OF SOIL EROSION POTENTIAL." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 65, no. 3 (August 1, 1985): 411–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss85-045.
Full textAbstract:
Soil erosion potential maps and summary statistics can be produced from existing information with relative ease with the aid of computers. Soil maps are digitized and survey information is stored as attributes for each soil. Algorithms are then prepared which evaluate the appropriate data base attributes (e.g. texture, slope) for each interpretation. Forty surface soil erosion potential maps were produced for the Lower Fraser Valley which identify the most erosion-prone areas and indicate average potential soil losses to be expected under assumed conditions. The algorithm developed follows the universal soil loss equation. Differences across the landscape in the R, K, and S factors are taken into account whereas the L factor is considered as a constant equal to 1.0. Worst conditions of bare soil (no crop cover, i.e. C = 1.0) and no erosion control practices (i.e. P = 1.0) are assumed. The five surface soil erosion potential classes are determined by a weighted average annual soil loss value based both on the upper 20 cm of mineral soil and on the proportion of the various soils in the polygon. A unique polygon number shown on the erosion potential map provides a link to computer tables which give additional information for each individual soil within that polygon. Key words: Erosion, computer mapping, USLE
8
Herrmann, Dustin L., Laura A. Schifman, and William D. Shuster. "Widespread loss of intermediate soil horizons in urban landscapes." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 26 (June 11, 2018): 6751–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1800305115.
Full textAbstract:
Soils support terrestrial ecosystem function and therefore are critical urban infrastructure for generating ecosystem services. Urbanization processes modify ecosystem function by changing the layers of soils identified as soil horizons. Soil horizons are integrative proxies for suites of soil properties and as such can be used as an observable unit to track modifications within soil profiles. Here, in an analysis of 11 cities representing 10 of the 12 soil orders, we show that urban soils have ∼50% fewer soil horizons than preurban soils. Specifically, B horizons were much less common in urban soils and were replaced by a deepening of A horizons and a shallowing of C horizons. This shift is likely due to two processes: (i) local management, i.e., soil removal, mixing, and fill additions, and (ii) soil development timelines, i.e., urbanized soils are young and have had short time periods for soil horizon development since urbanization (decades to centuries) relative to soil formation before urbanization (centuries to millennia). Urban soils also deviated from the standard A-B-C horizon ordering at a much greater frequency than preurban soils. Overall, our finding of common shifts in urban soil profiles across soil orders and cities suggests that urban soils may function differently from their preurban antecedents. This work introduces a basis for improving our understanding of soil modifications by urbanization and its potential effects on ecosystem functioning and thereby has implications for ecosystem services derived from urban landscapes.
9
Tavares, André Silva, Velibor Spalevic, Junior Cesar Avanzi, Denismar Alves Nogueira, Marx Leandro Naves Silva, and Ronaldo Luiz Mincato. "Modeling of water erosion by the erosion potential method in a pilot subbasin in southern Minas Gerais." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 40, no. 2 (April 15, 2019): 555. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2019v40n2p555.
Full textAbstract:
Soil losses due to water erosion threaten the sustainability of agriculture and the food security of current and future generations. This study estimated potential soil losses and sediment production under different types of land uses in a subbasin in the Municipality of Alfenas, southern Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil. The objective of this research was to evaluate the application of the Potential Erosion Method by the Intensity of Erosion and Drainage program and correlate the findings with the results obtained by the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation as well as geoprocessing techniques and statistical analyses. In the Potential Erosion Method, the coefficient indicating the mean erosion intensity was 0.37, which corresponded to erosion category IV and indicated weak laminar erosion processes, and the total soil loss was 649.31 Mg year-1 and the mean was 1.46 Mg ha-1 year-1. These results were consistent in magnitude with those obtained in the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation, which estimated a mean soil loss of 1.52 Mg ha-1 year-1 and a total soil loss of 668.26 Mg year-1. The Potential Erosion Method suggests that 1.5% of the area presents potential soil losses above the soil loss tolerance limit, which ranged from 5.19 to 5.90 Mg ha-1 year-1, while the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation indicated that 7.3% of the area has potential soil losses above the limit. The maximum sediment discharge was 60 Mg year-1, meaning that 9.3% of the total soil loss reached the depositional areas of the river plains or watercourses. The Potential Erosion Method was efficient in the evaluation of water erosion in tropical soils, and the results were consistent with models widely employed in the estimation of soil losses. Thus, the model can support the evaluation of soil losses in Brazil and is a robust tool for evaluating the sustainability of agricultural activities.
10
Dufková, Jana. "Comparison of potential and real erodibility of soil by wind." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 55, no. 4 (2007): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun200755040015.
Full textAbstract:
Areas the most susceptible to wind erosion were chosen for the comparison of potential and real erodibility of soil by wind. All the areas are located in the Southern Moravia, the south-east of the Czech Republic. Ambulatory measurements of parameters required for wind erodibility determination were done during 2006 in three districts that are heavily endangered by wind erosion (districts of Breclav, Znojmo and Uherske Hradiste). Potential and real erodibility by wind was determined from wind velocity, soil humidity, content of clay and non-erodible soil particles. Potential soil loss does not go over the limit of the tolerable amount of soil loss 10 t.ha – 1.year – 1 at any studied area, even though all the three areas belong to the ones strongly susceptible to wind erosion. On the other hand, the tolerable soil loss for real erodibility 1.4 g.m – 2 was exceeded at two regions. Non-objectivity in the erodibility evaluation of heavy clay soils follows out of the results, as so as evident necessity of new knowledge concerning the determination of wind erosion intensity, because to date used equations come out of presumption that the more clay particles soil contains, the less susceptible to wind erosion is, which is inaccurate.
11
Agapiou, Athos, Vasiliki Lysandrou, and Diofantos G. Hadjimitsis. "A European-Scale Investigation of Soil Erosion Threat to Subsurface Archaeological Remains." Remote Sensing 12, no. 4 (February 18, 2020): 675. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12040675.
Full textAbstract:
This communication emanates from the lack of a European-scale study for investigating the potential threats that subsurface archaeological remains face today due to soil loss by water. This research analyses the impact of soil loss on potential subsurface archaeological evidence by integrating open geospatial datasets deriving from two pertinent European studies. The first study’s dataset is related to soil erosion (soil loss provoked by water activity), which was reclassified into three groups alluding the level of threat on potential subsurface archaeological contexts, as follows: (1) areas presenting soil loss from 0 until 5 t/h per year, which are characterised as low threat areas; (2) areas presenting soil loss from 5 until 10 t/h per year, which are characterised as moderated threat; and (3) areas presenting soil loss beyond 10 t/h per year, which are considered as high-risk areas. The second study’s dataset refers to the capacity of soils to preserve specific archaeological materials, classified in four categories based on the properties of the archaeological material (bones, teeth, and shells (bones); organic materials (organics); metals (Cu, bronze, and Fe) (metals); and stratigraphic evidence (strati). Both datasets were imported into a Geographical Information System (GIS) for further synthesis and analysis, while the average threat of soil loss per year was evaluated in a country level (nomenclature of territorial units for statistics (NUTS) level 0). The overall results show that approximately 10% of European soils that potentially preserve archaeological remains are in high threat due to soil loss, while similar patterns—on a European level—are found for areas characterised with moderate to high risk from the soil loss. This study is the first attempt to present a proxy map for subsurface cultural material under threat due to soil loss, covering the entire European continent.
12
Kozlovsky Dufková, Jana, Vladan Jareš, and Petr Húsek. "Determination of wind erosion intensity on heavy clay soils." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 58, no. 2 (2010): 155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201058020155.
Full textAbstract:
Wind erosion, common problem of light-textured soils, was determined on heavy clay soils in the foothills of Bílé Karpaty Mountains, Czech Republic. Soil erodibility by wind was determined from the Map of potential erodibility of soil by wind and from the calculation of potential and real soil loss by wind. All the determinations show underestimation of soil erodibility by wind on heavy clay soils, because methods that are used for this are based above all on the assessment of clay particles content and the presumption the more clay particles soil contains, the less vulnerable to wind erosion is. The potential erodibility of soil by wind is 0,09 t . ha−1 per year. The determined value does not exceed the tolerable soil loss limit 10 t . ha−1 per year for deep soils. The real average erodibility of soil by wind has the highest value 1,47 g . m−2 on November 30th, 2008. Other soil losses that do not exceed the tolerable soil loss limit 1,4 g . m−2, were determined on March 18th and 28th, 2008. Big difficulties come with the assessment of the erodibility of heavy clay soils in the areas, where soil erosion verifiably exists, but it is not assessable by objective calculating methods. Evident necessity of new knowledge concerning the determination of wind erosion intensity follows from the results.
13
Šurda, Peter, Ivan Šimonides, and Jaroslav Antal. "A DETERMINATION OF AREA OF POTENTIAL EROSION BY GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS." JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT 15, no. 3 (September 30, 2007): 144–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16486897.2007.9636922.
Full textAbstract:
Accelerated water erosion is the major problem of agricultural soils all over the world and also in the Slovak Republic. Accelerated erosion occurs in 55 % of agricultural land. It belongs to physical degradation of fertile land, and the whole process is irreversible. Therefore, it is very important to localize the presence of accelerated erosion and apply the basic principles of soil erosion control. Geographic information systems (GIS) are an effective tool for various environmental analyses, so it can also be succesfully used for determination of potential erosion intensity. The aim of this work was to create a map of domain areas that describes potential water erosion. As an area of interest the cadastral territory of Topolcianky in the Slovak Republic was selected. For this purpose the GIS software Arcview from ESRI was used. Water erosion process was modelled by universal soil loss equation (USLE) which computes an average annual soil loss. The limit values of acceptable intensity of soil loss are defined in the Collection of Laws of the Slovak Republic (Act No 220/2004 Coll). The final result of this work is a map that divides the domain area according to potential annual soil loss into several categories. In this case the domain area was divided into four categories. The first category, named slightly threatened soil, had 620,05 ha of agricultural land (77,48 per cent of the total agricultural land of domain area). The second category, called averagely threatened soil, had 106,56 (13,32 per cent of the total agricultural land). The third category (intensively threatened soil) had 70,91 ha (8,86 per cent of the total agricultural land) and finally the fourth category (very intensively threatened soil) had 2,74 ha (0,34 per cent of the total agricultural land).
14
Yang, Xiao-Ru, Hu Li, San-An Nie, Jian-Qiang Su, Bo-Sen Weng, Gui-Bing Zhu, Huai-Ying Yao, Jack A. Gilbert, and Yong-Guan Zhu. "Potential Contribution of Anammox to Nitrogen Loss from Paddy Soils in Southern China." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 81, no. 3 (November 21, 2014): 938–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02664-14.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACTThe anaerobic oxidation of ammonium (anammox) process has been observed in diverse terrestrial ecosystems, while the contribution of anammox to N2production in paddy soils is not well documented. In this study, the anammox activity and the abundance and diversity of anammox bacteria were investigated to assess the anammox potential of 12 typical paddy soils collected in southern China. Anammox bacteria related to “CandidatusBrocadia” and “CandidatusKuenenia” and two novel unidentified clusters were detected, with “CandidatusBrocadia” comprising 50% of the anammox population. The prevalence of the anammox was confirmed by the quantitative PCR results based on hydrazine synthase (hzsB) genes, which showed that the abundance ranged from 1.16 × 104to 9.65 × 104copies per gram of dry weight. The anammox rates measured by the isotope-pairing technique ranged from 0.27 to 5.25 nmol N per gram of soil per hour in these paddy soils, which contributed 0.6 to 15% to soil N2production. It is estimated that a total loss of 2.50 × 106Mg N per year is linked to anammox in the paddy fields in southern China, which implied that ca. 10% of the applied ammonia fertilizers is lost via the anammox process. Anammox activity was significantly correlated with the abundance ofhzsBgenes, soil nitrate concentration, and C/N ratio. Additionally, ammonia concentration and pH were found to be significantly correlated with the anammox bacterial structure.
15
SOINNE, H., K. SAARIJÄRVI, and M. KARPPINEN. "Sensitivity of soil phosphorus tests in predicting the potential risk of phosphorus loss from pasture soil." Agricultural and Food Science 17, no. 3 (December 4, 2008): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.2137/145960608786118785.
Full textAbstract:
The objective of this study was to examine the effects of urine and dung additions on the phosphorus (P) chemistry of pasture land and to compare the sensitivity of two soil extraction methods in assessing the P-loading risk. In a field experiment, urine and dung were added to soil in amounts corresponding to single excrement portions and the soil samples, taken at certain intervals, were analysed for pHH2O, acid ammonium acetate extractable P (PAc) and water extractable total P (TPw), and molybdate reactive P (MRPw). Urine additions immediately increased soil pH and MRPw, but no such response was observed in PAc extraction due to the low pH (4.65) of the extractant enhancing the resorption of P. The PAc responded to the dunginduced increase in soil total P similarly as did Pw, which suggests that both tests can serve to detect areas of high P concentration. However, water extraction was a more sensitive method for estimating short-term changes in P solubility. In pasture soils, the risk of P loss increases as a result of the interaction of urination and high P concentration in the topsoil resulting from continuous dung excretion.;
16
Bremer, E., J. J. Miller, and T. Curtis. "Placement of ion-exchange membranes for monitoring nutrient release from flooded soils." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 98, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 709–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjss-2018-0082.
Full textAbstract:
Placement of Plant Root Simulator (PRS®) probes (ion-exchange membranes in a plastic support) may strongly influence nutrient supply measurements and their relationship to nutrient loss to overlying water due to gradients in ion activity and redox potential with depth. A laboratory study was conducted with two soils contrasting in potential nutrient loss (manured vs. unamended control) to determine the impact of probe placement (vertical, horizontal, and flat on the soil surface) on nutrient supply rate. The supply rates of the redox-sensitive nutrients Mn and Fe were generally 1–2 orders of magnitude lower for PRS probes placed on the soil surface than buried vertically. In contrast, the supply rate of P and K varied by 1–2 orders of magnitude between soils, but placement impacts were modest or absent. The ratio between manured and control soils in water P concentration was identical to that of soil P supply rate determined with PRS probes placed flat on the soil surface. All placements were effective in demonstrating the increased potential for loss of P and K from the manured soil, but only measurements from PRS probes placed on the soil surface were closely related to loss of the redox-sensitive nutrients Mn and Fe.
17
Ritchey, Edwin L., Carrie A. Knott, and Lloyd W. Murdock. "Potential Nitrogen Loss from Frozen Soil Nitrogen Applications to Wheat." Crop, Forage & Turfgrass Management 1, no. 1 (June 26, 2015): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/cftm2014.0054.
Full text
18
Dari, Biswanath, Vimala D. Nair, and Willie G. Harris. "Approaches for evaluating subsurface phosphorus loss potential from soil profiles." Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 245 (July 2017): 92–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2017.05.006.
Full text
19
Dodd, R. J., R. W. McDowell, and L. M. Condron. "Changes in soil phosphorus availability and potential phosphorus loss following cessation of phosphorus fertiliser inputs." Soil Research 51, no. 5 (2013): 427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr13168.
Full textAbstract:
Long-term application of phosphorus (P) fertilisers to agricultural soils can lead to in the accumulation of P in soil. Determining the rate of decline in soil P following the cessation of P fertiliser inputs is critical to evaluating the potential for reducing P loss to surface waters. The aim of this study was to use isotope exchange kinetics to investigate the rate of decline in soil P pools and the distribution of P within these pools in grazed grassland soils following a halt to P fertiliser application. Soils were sourced from three long-term grassland trials in New Zealand, two of which were managed as sheep-grazed pasture and one where the grass was regularly cut and removed. There was no significant change in total soil P over the duration of each trial between any of the treatments, although there was a significant decrease in total inorganic P on two of the sites accompanied by an increase in the organic P pool, suggesting that over time P was becoming occluded within organic matter, reducing the plant availability. An equation was generated using the soil-P concentration exchangeable within 1 min (E1 min) and P retention of the soil to predict the time it would take for the water-extractable P (WEP) concentration to decline to a target value protective of water quality. This was compared with a similar equation generated in the previous study, which used the initial Olsen-P concentration and P retention as a predictor. The use of E1 min in place of Olsen-P did not greatly improve the fit of the model, and we suggest that the use of Olsen-P is sufficient to predict the rate of decline in WEP. Conversely, pasture production data, available for one of the trial sites, suggest that E1 min may be a better predictor of dry matter yield than Olsen-P.
20
Wang, Y. T., T. Q. Zhang, I. P. O'Halloran, Q. C. Hu, C. S. Tan, D. Speranzini, I. Macdonald, and G. Patterson. "Agronomic and environmental soil phosphorus tests for predicting potential phosphorus loss from Ontario soils." Geoderma 241-242 (March 2015): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2014.11.001.
Full text
21
Lense, Guilherme Henrique Expedito, Rodrigo Santos Moreira, Taya Cristo Parreiras, Derielsen Brandão Santana, Talyson De Melo Bolelli, and Ronaldo Luiz Mincato. "Water erosion modeling by the Erosion Potential Method and the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation: a comparative analysis." Ambiente e Agua - An Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Science 15, no. 4 (July 8, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4136/ambi-agua.2501.
Full textAbstract:
Water erosion is the principal degradation process of tropical soils, and its effects can be measured by modeling techniques. Erosion models provide a diagnosis of the soil loss intensity and can support the planning of soil conservation practices. Models with low data requirements, such as the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) and, more recently, the Erosion Potential Method (EPM), are mainly applied in Brazil. Thus, the objective of this work was to estimate water erosion soil-loss rates using the EPM and RUSLE models on a tropical subbasin, followed by a comparison of their outcomes. The models’ application considered soil physical parameters, edaphoclimatic conditions of the area, land use, and subbasin management practices. The accuracy of the methods was verified using total transported sediment and water discharge data. We compared the models using Pearson's correlation analyses, considering a 5% of significance. We found a predominance of moderate-intensity erosion with average soil loss of 1.17 and 1.46 Mg ha-1 year-1, measured by EPM and RUSLE, respectively. The EPM model underestimated soil losses by 15.27%, and RUSLE overestimated by 19.08%, indicating a higher percentage of areas with high erosion rates (4.60%). The models presented results with a different order of magnitude, but with significant correlations, indicating that both methods pointed out similar zones of intense and light-erosion rates.
22
Nyambo, Patrick, Thembalethu Taeni, Cornelius Chiduza, and Tesfay Araya. "Effects of Maize Residue Biochar Amendments on Soil Properties and Soil Loss on Acidic Hutton Soil." Agronomy 8, no. 11 (November 10, 2018): 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy8110256.
Full textAbstract:
Soil acidification is a serious challenge and a major cause of declining soil and crop productivity in the Eastern parts of South Africa (SA). An incubation experiment investigated effects of different maize residue biochar rates on selected soil properties and soil loss in acidic Hutton soils. Biochar amendment rates were 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10% (soil weight) laid as a completely randomized design. Soil sampling was done on a 20-day interval for 140 days to give a 5 × 7 factorial experiment. Rainfall simulation was conducted at 60, 100 and 140 days after incubation to quantify soil loss. Relative to the control biochar amendments significantly improved soil physicochemical properties. After 140 days, biochar increased soil pH by between 0.34 to 1.51 points, soil organic carbon (SOC) by 2.2% to 2.34%, and microbial activity (MBC) by 496 to 1615 mg kg−1 compared to control. Soil aggregation (MWD) changes varied from 0.58 mm to 0.70 mm for the duration of the trial. Soil loss significantly decreased by 27% to 70% under biochar amendment compared to control. This indicates that maize residue biochar application has the potential to improve the soil properties and reduce soil loss in the degraded acidic Hutton soil.
23
Baas, Peter, Jennifer D. Knoepp, and Jacqueline E. Mohan. "Well-Aerated Southern Appalachian Forest Soils Demonstrate Significant Potential for Gaseous Nitrogen Loss." Forests 10, no. 12 (December 17, 2019): 1155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10121155.
Full textAbstract:
Understanding the dominant soil nitrogen (N) cycling processes in southern Appalachian forests is crucial for predicting ecosystem responses to changing N deposition and climate. The role of anaerobic nitrogen cycling processes in well-aerated soils has long been questioned, and recent N cycling research suggests it needs to be re-evaluated. We assessed gross and potential rates of soil N cycling processes, including mineralization, nitrification, denitrification, nitrifier denitrification, and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) in sites representing a vegetation and elevation gradient in the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service Experimental Forest, Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory in southwestern North Carolina, USA. N cycling processes varied among sites, with gross mineralization and nitrification being greatest in high-elevation northern hardwood forests. Gaseous N losses via nitrifier denitrification were common in all ecosystems but were greatest in northern hardwood. Ecosystem N retention via DNRA (nitrification-produced NO3 reduced to NH4) ranged from 2% to 20% of the total nitrification and was highest in the mixed-oak forest. Our results suggest the potential for gaseous N losses through anaerobic processes (nitrifier denitrification) are prevalent in well-aerated forest soils and may play a key role in ecosystem N cycling.
24
Petter, Fabiano A., and Beata E. Madari. "Biochar: Agronomic and environmental potential in Brazilian savannah soils." Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 16, no. 7 (July 2012): 761–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1415-43662012000700009.
Full textAbstract:
Due to the high activity of microorganisms, the loss of soil organic matter is high in tropical regions. This loss becomes even greater if the soil is managed improperly or when there is no technology that leverages the permanence of the soil carbon by maintaining appropriate levels of organic matter, providing chemical, physical and biological soil improvements and contributing to reduce CO2 emissions to the atmosphere. Due to its aromatic structure, biochar is a highly stable form of carbon in the soil that may contribute to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, such as CO2, N2O and CH4, and act as a soil conditioner, improving the physical and chemical properties of the soil. Biochar may also result in increased productivity due to the improvement of soil attributes or a possible electrophysiological effect. Research over the past decades has demonstrated the potential of biochar as a soil conditioner, improving fertility and nutrient-use efficiency, in addition to maximising the productivity of crops, such as soybean and rice.
25
Zhang, Xiuwei, and Feihai Yu. "Physical disturbance accelerates carbon loss through increasing labile carbon release." Plant, Soil and Environment 66, No. 11 (November 2, 2020): 584–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/257/2020-pse.
Full textAbstract:
Labile carbon (C) is a major source of C loss because of its high vulnerability to environmental change. Yet its potential role in regulating soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics remains unclear. In this study, we tested the effect of physical disturbance on SOC decomposition using soils from two abandoned farmlands free of management practice for more than 28 years. The soil respiration rate was measured in undisturbed and disturbed soil columns and was inversely modeled using the two-compartment model. We found that the C loss was 16.8~74.1% higher in disturbed than in undisturbed soil columns. Physical disturbance increased the total amount of labile C (C<sub>1</sub>) loss by 136~241%, while had no effect on the kinetic decomposition rate constants of both labile (k<sub>1</sub>) and stable (k<sub>2</sub>) SOC decomposition. Physical disturbance fragmented the large macroaggregates into small macroaggregates, microaggregates, and free silt and clay-sized fractions. This indicates that C loss was derived from the initially protected labile C, and there was no change of SOC fraction being decomposed. Our results give insights into the understanding of the extent of labile C loss to physical disruption and demonstrate the potential effect of physical disturbance on SOC dynamics.
26
Gomes, Luciene, Silvio Simões, Eloi Dalla Nora, Eráclito de Sousa-Neto, Maria Forti, and Jean Ometto. "Agricultural Expansion in the Brazilian Cerrado: Increased Soil and Nutrient Losses and Decreased Agricultural Productivity." Land 8, no. 1 (January 8, 2019): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land8010012.
Full textAbstract:
While food and nutrition security are issues that national and international organizations are tackling, one of the central problems often overlooked is the essential role of soils in providing nutritious food. Soils are the base for food production and food security. However, the majority of soils are in fair and poor conditions, with the most significant threats being erosion and loss of nutrients. In this study, we estimate the potential of soil loss, agricultural productivity loss, and nutrient loss for Brazil’s most important agricultural region, the Brazilian Cerrado, for the years 2000 and 2012. For this, we applied the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model integrated with a geographical information system (GIS) to estimate annual soil loss rate and agricultural productivity loss, and used total nitrogen and total phosphorus in soil to estimate the annual nutrient loss rate caused by soil loss. All model factors and data were obtained from the literature. The results show that agricultural expansion in the Brazilian Cerrado is increasing the area of severe erosion, occasioning agricultural productivity decrease and soil nutrient depletion. The annual soil loss rate increased from 10.4 (2000) to 12.0 Mg ha−1 yr−1 (2012). Agricultural productivity loss occurred in more than 3 million hectares of crops and silviculture in 2000 and in more than 5.5 million hectares in 2012. Severely eroded areas lost between 13.1 and 25.9 times more nutrients than areas with low and moderate soil loss rates. These findings show that government policy should be directed to ensure the sustainable use of soils, mainly in agriculturally consolidated regions of the Brazilian Cerrado.
27
Víctora, C., A. Kacevas, and H. Fiori. "Soil vulnerability in Uruguay: potential effects of an increase in erosive rainfall on soil loss." Climate Research 9 (1997): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/cr009041.
Full text
28
Yu, Na Young, Dong June Lee, Jeong Ho Han, Kyoung Jae Lim, Jonggun Kim, Ki Hyoung Kim, Soyeon Kim, Eun Seok Kim, and Youn Shik Park. "Development of ArcGIS-based Model to Estimate Monthly Potential Soil Loss." Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers 59, no. 1 (January 31, 2017): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5389/ksae.2017.59.1.021.
Full text
29
Kamaludin, H., T. Lihan, Z. Ali Rahman, M. A. Mustapha, W. M. R. Idris, and S. A. Rahim. "Integration of remote sensing, RUSLE and GIS to model potential soil loss and sediment yield (SY)." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 10, no. 4 (April 10, 2013): 4567–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-10-4567-2013.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Land use activities within a basin serve as one of the contributing factors which cause deterioration of river water quality through its potential effect on erosion. Sediment yield in the form of suspended solid in the river water body which is transported to the coastal area occurs as a sign of lowering of the water quality. Hence, the aim of this study was to determine potential soil loss using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model and the sediment yield, in the Geographical Information Systems (GIS) environment within selected sub-catchments of Pahang River Basin. RUSLE was used to estimate potential soil losses and sediment yield by utilizing information on rainfall erosivity (R) using interpolation of rainfall data, soil erodibility (K) using field measurement and soil map, vegetation cover (C) using satellite images, topography (LS) using DEM and conservation practices (P) using satellite images. The results indicated that the rate of potential soil loss in these sub-catchments ranged from very low to extremely high. The area covered by very low to low potential soil loss was about 99%, whereas moderate to extremely high soil loss potential covered only about 1% of the study area. Sediment yield represented only 1% of the potential soil loss. The sediment yield (SY) value in Pahang River turned out to be higher closer to the river mouth because of the topographic character, climate, vegetation type and density, and land use within the drainage basin.
30
Kadam, Ajaykumar, B. N. Umrikar, and R. N. Sankhua. "Assessment of Soil Loss using Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE): A Remote Sensing and GIS Approach." Remote Sensing of Land 2, no. 1 (December 31, 2018): 65–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21523/gcj1.18020105.
Full textAbstract:
A comprehensive methodology that combines Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE), Remote Sensing data and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques was used to determine the soil loss vulnerability of an agriculture mountainous watershed in Maharashtra, India. The spatial variation in rate of annual soil loss was obtained by integrating raster derived parameter in GIS environment. The thematic layers such as TRMM [Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission] derived rainfall erosivity (R), soil erodibility (K), GDEM based slope length and steepness (LS), land cover management (C) and factors of conservation practices (P) were calculated to identify their effects on average annual soil loss. The highest potential of estimated soil loss was 688.397 t/ha/yr. The mean annual soil loss is 1.26 t/ha/yr and highest soil loss occurs on the main watercourse, since high slope length and steepness. The spatial soil loss maps prepared with RUSLE method using remote sensing and GIS can be helpful as a lead idea in arising plans for land use development and administration in the ecologically sensitive hilly areas.
31
Kantola, Ilsa B., Michael D. Masters, David J. Beerling, Stephen P. Long, and Evan H. DeLucia. "Potential of global croplands and bioenergy crops for climate change mitigation through deployment for enhanced weathering." Biology Letters 13, no. 4 (April 2017): 20160714. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2016.0714.
Full textAbstract:
Conventional row crop agriculture for both food and fuel is a source of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) to the atmosphere, and intensifying production on agricultural land increases the potential for soil C loss and soil acidification due to fertilizer use. Enhanced weathering (EW) in agricultural soils—applying crushed silicate rock as a soil amendment—is a method for combating global climate change while increasing nutrient availability to plants. EW uses land that is already producing food and fuel to sequester carbon (C), and reduces N 2 O loss through pH buffering. As biofuel use increases, EW in bioenergy crops offers the opportunity to sequester CO 2 while reducing fossil fuel combustion. Uncertainties remain in the long-term effects and global implications of large-scale efforts to directly manipulate Earth's atmospheric CO 2 composition, but EW in agricultural lands is an opportunity to employ these soils to sequester atmospheric C while benefitting crop production and the global climate.
32
Lefebvre, Guy, and Fabien Burnotte. "Improvements of electroosmotic consolidation of soft clays by minimizing power loss at electrodes." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 39, no. 2 (April 1, 2002): 399–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t01-102.
Full textAbstract:
Although it appears promising in many laboratory studies, electroosmotic consolidation of soft clays is seldom used in practical applications. A study of well-documented case records of field applications illustrates the difficulty of transmitting the electrical potential to the soil deposit through the use of electrodes. An important amount of the electrical potential is indeed lost at the soilelectrode contact. The loss of potential at this point has been studied in a laboratory setup designed to reproduce the conditions existing in the field during electroosmotic consolidation. The laboratory results confirm that only about a third of the electrical potential applied at the electrodes is effectively transmitted to the soil and available for electroosmotic consolidation. Moreover, the laboratory studies have shown that a chemical treatment to increase the soil conductivity at the soilelectrode contact can double the electrical potential effectively transmitted to the soil and greatly improve the performance of electroosmotic consolidation.Key words: electroosmosis, soft clays, consolidation, potential loss, electrode treatment, soil improvement.
33
Negese, Ajanaw, Endalkachew Fekadu, and Haile Getnet. "Potential Soil Loss Estimation and Erosion-Prone Area Prioritization Using RUSLE, GIS, and Remote Sensing in Chereti Watershed, Northeastern Ethiopia." Air, Soil and Water Research 14 (January 2021): 117862212098581. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1178622120985814.
Full textAbstract:
Soil erosion by water is the major form of land degradation in Chereti watershed, Northeastern Ethiopia. This problem is exacerbated by high rainfall after a long period of dry seasons, undulating topography, intensive cultivation, and lack of proper soil and water conservation measures. Hence, this study aimed to estimate the 23 years (1995-2018) average soil erosion rate of the watershed and to identify and prioritize erosion-vulnerable subwatersheds for conservation planning. The integration of the revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE), geographic information system, and remote sensing was applied to estimate the long-term soil loss of the watershed. The RUSLE factors such as rainfall erosivity ( R), soil erodibility ( K), topography ( LS), cover and management ( C), and support and conservation practices ( P) factors were computed and overlayed to estimate the soil loss. The result showed that the annual soil loss rate of the watershed ranged up to 187.47 t ha−1 year−1 in steep slope areas with a mean annual soil loss of 38.7 t ha−1 year−1, and the entire watershed lost a total of about 487 057.7 tons of soil annually. About 57.9% of the annual watershed soil loss was generated from 5 subwatersheds which need prior intervention for the planning and implementation of soil conservation measures. The integrated use of RUSLE with GIS and remote sensing was found to be indispensable, less costly, and effective for the estimation of soil erosion, and prioritization of vulnerable subwatersheds for conservation planning.
34
Mandal, U. K., and K. Kumari. "GEOSPATIAL TECHNOLOGY BASED SOIL LOSS ESTIMATION FOR SUSTAINABLE URBAN DEVELOPMENT OF BUTWAL SUBMETROPOLITAN CITY, NEPAL." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B3-2020 (August 21, 2020): 137–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b3-2020-137-2020.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Geo-spatial technology was attempted to estimate the potential and actual soil loss and its correlative interpretation with physiographic soil units and land use and cover types in Butwal sub-metropolitan city, Central Region of Nepal. Among several empirical and physically based soil erosion models, widely used RKLS and RKLSCP, Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) were employed to estimate the potential and actual soil loss in the present investigation, respectively. Five years of rainfall, topographic contour-spot height and soil map were basically used as source of information for in-depth investigation. Butwal sub-metropolitan located at foothill of Chure/Siwalik range was found highly sensitive or prone to soil erosion. A total of 32.68 and 1.83 million tons soil was potentially and actually estimated annually being lost from the city. Erosion rates were found highly correlated with the slope of physiographic soil unit. 60.93% of the total potential soil loss was mainly contributed only by physiographic-soil unit 12 with the spatial extent of 34.10% of the city area. This unit was characterized by steeply to very steeply sloping mountainous terrain having dominant slope greater than 30° and loamy skeletal as dominant soil texture. Significant difference was found in the estimation of RKLS and RKLSCP indicating the substantial reduction contribution of soil loss by land use/cover types predominated by forest. after agriculture. Thus physiographic-soil unit 12 having soil loss highest must be given higher priorities for soil conservation and optimum urban land use planning required for sustainable urban development. Lower percentage of actual soil to the potential loss indicated the fact of contribution of cover management and erosional control practice factor in reducing soil erosion in existing situation.
35
Nash, David, Murray Hannah, Kirsten Barlow, Fiona Robertson, Nicole Mathers, Craig Butler, and Jessie Horton. "A comparison of some surface soil phosphorus tests that could be used to assess P export potential." Soil Research 45, no. 5 (2007): 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr06142.
Full textAbstract:
Phosphorus (P) exports from agricultural land are a problem world-wide and soil tests are often used to identify high risk areas. A recent study investigated changes in soil (0–20 mm), soil water and overland flow in 4 recently laser-graded (<1 year) and 4 established (laser-graded >10 years) irrigated pastures in south-eastern Australia before and after 3 years of irrigated dairy production. We use the results from that study to briefly examine the relationships between a series of ‘agronomic’ (Olsen P, Colwell P), environmental (water-extractable P, calcium chloride extractable P, P sorption saturation, and P sorption), and other (total P, organic P) soil P tests. Of the 2 ‘agronomic’ soil P tests, Colwell P explained 91% of the variation in Olsen P, and Colwell P was better correlated with the other soil tests. With the exception of P sorption, all soil P tests explained 57% or more of the total variation in Colwell P, while they explained 61% or less of Olsen P possibly due to the importance of organic P in this soil. Variations in total P were best explained by the organic P (85%), Calcium chloride extractable P (83%), water-extractable P (78%), and P sorption saturation (76%). None of the tests adequately predicted the variation in P sorption at 5 mg P/L equilibrating solution concentration. The results of this limited study highlight the variability between soil P tests that may be used to estimate P loss potential. Moreover, these results suggest that empirical relationships between specific soil P tests and P export potential will have limited resolution where different soil tests are used, as the errors in the relationship between soil test P and P loss potential are compounded by between test variation. We conclude that broader study is needed to determine the relationships between soil P tests for Australian soils, and based on that study a standard protocol for assessing the potential for P loss should be developed.
36
Weier, KL, CW McEwan, I. Vallis, VR Catchpoole, and RJ Myers. "Potential for biological denitrification of fertilizer nitrogen in sugarcane soils." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 47, no. 1 (1996): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9960067.
Full textAbstract:
Nitrogen (N) fertilizer is being lost from sugarcane soils following application to the crop. This study was conducted to estimate the quantity of N being lost from the soil through biological denitrification and to determine the proportion of gaseous N being emitted either as N2O or as N2. Field studies were conducted on four different soils (humic gley, alluvial massive earth, red earth and gleyed podzolic), and on different crop management systems, by installing plastic (PVC) cylinders (23.5 cm diam., 25 cm long) in the soil to a depth of 20 cm beside the plant row in a ratoon sugarcane crop. 15N-labelled KNO3 was applied as a band across each cylinder to a depth of 2.5 cm at a rate of 160 kg N/ha. After rainfall or irrigation, the cylinders were capped for 3 h intervals and gas in the headspace sampled in the morning and afternoon, for up to 4 days. Denitrification losses from the humic gley ranged from 247 g N/ha.day for cultivated plots to 1673 g N/ha.day for no-till plots. Over the sampling period, this was equivalent to 3.2% and 19.7% of the N applied, respectively. Nitrous oxide accounted for 46% to 78% of the total N lost. For the alluvial, massive earth and the red earth and gleyed podzolic, losses over the sampling period ranged from 25 to 117 g N/h.day and represented <1% of the N applied. Recovery of 15N in the soil ranged from 67% at the first sampling on the red earth soil to 4.9% at the third sampling on the alluvial, massive earth soil. In a glasshouse study, intact soil cores (23.5 cm diam., 20 cm long), taken from the humic gley and the alluvial, massive earth, were waterlogged after band application of 15N-labelled KNO3 at a rate of 160 kg N/ha. Gas samples from the headspace were taken after 3 h, and then morning and afternoon for the next 14 days. Denitrification losses ranged from 13.2 to 38.6% of N applied with the majority of gaseous N loss occurring as N2. Total recoveries after 14 days, including the evolved gases, ranged from 68.7 to 88.2%. We conclude that denitrification is a major cause of fertilizer N loss from fine-textured soils, with nitrous oxide the major gaseous N product when soil nitrate concentrations are high.
37
Hseu, Zeng-Yei, Shih-Hao Jien, Wei-Hsin Chien, and Ruei-Cheng Liou. "Impacts of Biochar on Physical Properties and Erosion Potential of a Mudstone Slopeland Soil." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/602197.
Full textAbstract:
Food demand and soil sustainability have become urgent issues recently because of the global climate changes. This study aims to evaluate the application of a biochar produced by rice hull, on changes of physiochemical characteristics and erosion potential of a degraded slopeland soil. Rice hull biochar pyrolized at 400°C was incorporated into the soil at rates of 2.5%, 5%, and 10% (w/w) and was incubated for 168 d in this study. The results indicated that biochar application reduced the Bd by 12% to 25% and the PR by 57% to 92% after incubation, compared with the control. Besides, porosity and aggregate size increased by 16% to 22% and by 0.59 to 0.94 mm, respectively. The results presented that available water contents significantly increased in the amended soils by 18% to 89% because of the obvious increase of micropores. The water conductivity of the biochar-amended soils was only found in 10% biochar treatment, which might result from significant increase of macropores and reduction of soil strength (Bd and PR). During a simulated rainfall event, soil loss contents significantly decreased by 35% to 90% in the biochar-amended soils. In conclusion, biochar application could availably raise soil quality and physical properties for tilth increasing in the degraded mudstone soil.
38
Li, Ximing, and Cheng Sun. "Synergistic Effect of Carbamide and Sulfate Reducing Bacteria on Corrosion Behavior of Carbon Steel in Soil." International Journal of Corrosion 2018 (August 1, 2018): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7491501.
Full textAbstract:
Synergistic effect of carbamide and sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) on corrosion behavior of carbon steel was studied in soils with moisture of 20% and 30%, by soil properties measurement, weight loss, polarization curve, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results show that carbamide decreased the soil redox potential and increased soil pH. In soil without SRB, carbamide made corrosion potential of Q235 steel much more positive and then inhibited corrosion. Meanwhile, in soil with SRB, 0.5 wt% carbamide restrained SRB growth and inhibited biocorrosion of Q235 steel. Corrosion rate of carbon steel decreased in soil with 30% moisture compared with that with 20% moisture.
39
MUSA, Saheed I., Felix M. OKE, and Charlotte C. NDIRIBE. "Bioremediation of diesel polluted soils with Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth)." Notulae Scientia Biologicae 12, no. 4 (December 21, 2020): 920–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb12410814.
Full textAbstract:
Diesel oil contamination is a growing environmental concern in most crude oil processing regions of the world. This study assessed the efficacy of both fresh and powdered Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth) as potential biostimulants in the remediation of diesel oil contaminated soils using three test concentrations (50 g, 100 g and 150 g) and a control (0 g). The remediation process was monitored by assaying the total organic carbon (TOC), total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH), and soil pH before and after amendment with the fresh and powdered E. crassipes for 90 days. The result showed increase in soil pH, TOC, TPH and volatile matter (VM) in comparison with the control due to soil contamination by diesel oil. However, there was a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in soil pH and TOC with the introduction of fresh and powdered E. crassipes at different concentrations. Contaminated soil amended with 100 g of fresh E. crassipes showed the highest TOC loss (59.7%) alongside soil amended with 100 g of powdered E. crassipes (47.36%) while the control showed the least TOC loss (0.91%). Similarly, soil TPH decreased significantly across all concentrations after amendment (p < 0.05). Overall, soil amended with fresh E. crassipes showed higher TPH loss than soil amended with powdered E. crassipes. This study reveals the potentials of using E. crassipes in the remediation of diesel oil contaminated soils. Above all, we demonstrate that fresh E. crassipes is a potentially stronger biostimulant than powdered E. crassipes.
40
Endalamaw, Nega T., Mamaru A. Moges, Yadeta S. Kebede, Bekalu M. Alehegn, and Berhanu G. Sinshaw. "Potential soil loss estimation for conservation planning, upper Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia." Environmental Challenges 5 (December 2021): 100224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envc.2021.100224.
Full text
41
Kates, Norah, David Butman, Fritz Grothkopp, and Sally Brown. "Tools to Quantify the Potential for Phosphorus Loss from Bioretention Soil Mixtures." Journal of Sustainable Water in the Built Environment 7, no. 4 (November 2021): 04021014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/jswbay.0000959.
Full text
42
Olumuyiwa, Amosu Cyril. "Reclamation of the Enugu Coal Mine Site at Abandonment." Indian Journal of Environment Engineering 1, no. 2 (November 10, 2021): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijee.a1812.111221.
Full textAbstract:
Mining of coal (fossil fuel) resources in Enugu resulted in groundwater pollution/depletion and left the mine site with the potentials of air pollution, loss of landscape/aesthetic degradation and soil contamination. Other Environmental impacts were extensive soil damage, alteration in microbial communities and affecting vegetation leading to destruction of vast amounts of land and displacement of dwellers. Reclamation is the process to restore the ecological integrity of these disturbed mine land areas. It includes the management of all types of physical, chemical and biological disturbances of soils such as soil pH, fertility, microbial community and various soil nutrient cycles that makes the degraded land soil productive. Mining does not mean permanent loss of land for other use. On the other hand it holds potential for altered and improved use apart from restoring for agriculture, forestry and irrigation. This paper attempts to view the best practices for reclaiming the abandoned Enugu coal mine site which ceased production since 2002.
43
EATON, LEONARD J., and DAVID G. PATRIQUIN. "INORGANIC NITROGEN LEVELS AND NITRIFICATION POTENTIAL IN LOWBUSH BLUEBERRY SOILS." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 68, no. 1 (February 1, 1988): 63–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss88-006.
Full textAbstract:
Soil ammonium and nitrate in the top 15 cm of soil were monitored after application of ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate to plots at 14 PF (previously fertilized) and 12 NF (never fertilized) lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.) stands representing a range of soil types and management histories. Overall, nitrate values in unfertilized and ammonium sulfate plots were higher at PF than at NF sites, suggesting greater nitrification at PF sites. In laboratory incubation studies, nitrification proceeded immediately in soil from a PF site, but only after a 4-wk lag in that from an adjacent NF site. Nitrification rates were low compared to that in a garden soil (pH 6.6). N-Serve inhibited nitrification in both soils. In ammonium nitrate plots, "excess" N values (N values in fertilized plots minus values in unfertilized plots) were higher for PF than for NF sites, suggesting greater immobilization, plant uptake or loss of N at NF sites. There was no evidence, in laboratory studies, of immobilization of added N by soil from either type of site. Rhizome N concentration increased significantly in response to fertilization at an NF site, but not at a PF site. Key words: Blueberry (lowbush), fertilizer and soil nitrogen
44
Heaney, D. J., M. Nyborg, E. D. Solberg, S. S. Malhi, and J. Ashworth. "Overwinter nitrate loss and denitrification potential of cultivated soils in Alberta." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 24, no. 9 (September 1992): 877–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0038-0717(92)90009-m.
Full text
45
VanDyke, Laura S., Darrell J. Bosch, and James W. Pease. "Impacts of Within-Farm Soil Variability on Nitrogen Pollution Control Costs." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 31, no. 1 (April 1999): 149–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0081305200028843.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe effects of considering variable within-farm soil runoff and leaching potential on costs of reducing nitrogen losses are analyzed for a Virginia dairy. Manure applications may cause nitrogen losses through runoff and leaching because of factors such as uncertain nitrogen mineralization. Farmers can reduce nitrogen control costs by applying manure on soils with less nitrogen loss potential. Ignoring within-farm soil variability may result in overstating the farm's costs of reducing nitrogen losses.
46
Śpitalniak, Michał, Krzysztof Lejcuś, Jolanta Dąbrowska, Daniel Garlikowski, and Adam Bogacz. "The Influence of a Water Absorbing Geocomposite on Soil Water Retention and Soil Matric Potential." Water 11, no. 8 (August 20, 2019): 1731. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11081731.
Full textAbstract:
Climate change induces droughts that are becoming more intensive and more frequent than ever before. Most of the available forecast tools predict a further significant increase in the risk of drought, which indicates the need to prepare solutions to mitigate its effects. Growing water scarcity is now one of the world’s leading challenges. In agriculture and environmental engineering, in order to increase soil water retention, soil additives are used. In this study, the influence of a newly developed water absorbing geocomposite (WAG) on soil water retention and soil matric potential was analyzed. WAG is a special element made from geotextile which is wrapped around a synthetic skeleton with a superabsorbent polymer placed inside. To describe WAG’s influence on soil water retention and soil matric potential, coarse sand, loamy sand, and sandy loam soils were used. WAG in the form of a mat was used in the study as a treatment. Three kinds of samples were prepared for every soil type. Control samples and samples with WAG treatment placed at depths of 10 cm and 20 cm were examined in a test container of 105 × 70 × 50 cm dimensions. The samples had been watered and drained, and afterwards, the soil surface was heated by lamps of 1100 W total power constantly for 72 h. Soil matric potential was measured by Irrometer field tensiometers at three depths. Soil moisture content was recorded at six depths: of 5, 9, 15, 19, 25, and 30 cm under the top of the soil surface with time-domain reflectometry (TDR) measurement devices. The values of soil moisture content and soil matric potential were collected in one-minute steps, and analyzed in 24-h-long time steps: 24, 48, and 72 h. The samples with the WAG treatment lost more water than the control samples. Similarly, lower soil matric potential was noted in the samples with the WAG than in the control samples. However, after taking into account the water retained in the WAG, it appeared that the samples with the WAG had more water easily available for plants than the control samples. It was found that the mechanism of a capillary barrier affected higher water loss from soil layers above those where the WAG had been placed. The obtained results of water loss depend on the soil type used in the profile.
47
Dilshad, M., JA Motha, and LJ Peel. "Surface runoff, soil and nutrient losses from farming systems in the Australian semi-arid tropics." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 36, no. 8 (1996): 1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9961003.
Full textAbstract:
Most soils suitable for dryland agriculture in north-west Australia occur in the Daly Basin. These are sesquioxidic soils which include red, yellow and grey earths, and soils related to yellow and red earths. The potential, for these arable soils to be degraded by highly erosive rainfalls, common to the region, is high. Farming practices strongly influence the soil surface characteristics (vegetation cover, roughness, soil strength), which in turn control surface runoff, and sediment detachment and transport. In studies conducted during 1984-89 in the Daly Basin, conventionally tilled catchments, produced 1.5-2 times more runoff and lost 1.5-6 times more soil than their no-tillage counterparts (all catchments were within soil conservation banks). In these conventionally tilled catchments, soil loss was <8.1 t/ha.year. Other studies in the region have shown that, without soil conservation banks, soil loss can be around 100/ha.year under conventional tillage. Little work, however, has been undertaken on farms in the Australian semi-arid tropics to study the movement of nutrients and herbicides (in ionic and adsorbed forms) and further research is warranted.
48
Zhao, Yajie, Caiyan Lu, Yi Shi, Bin Huang, and Xin Chen. "Soil fertility and fertilization practices affect accumulation and leaching risk of reactive N in greenhouse vegetable soils." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 96, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 281–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjss-2015-0058.
Full textAbstract:
Elevated soil fertility levels induced by continuous chemical fertilizer and (or) manure application may affect N loss potential and redistribution within soil-crop system. A 49-d packed soil column experiment with a factorial design of three soil fertility levels and four fertilization treatments was conducted to evaluate the effects of soil fertility and fertilization treatments on the accumulation and leaching risk of reactive N. The results showed that the 49-d cumulative leaching loss of total reactive N ranged from 176.3 to 499.0 kg N ha−1. The cumulative leaching losses of total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) in NPK treatment were significantly higher than those in other three treatments in fertility level I and II soils. The cumulative leaching loss of NO3−-N was significantly greater in NPK + M or NPK treatment than in CK treatment in fertility level I or III soils, and it was remarkably greater in M treatment than in other three treatments in fertility level II soil. In total, 64.0% of TDN in soil leachate existed in the form of DON, and 35.1% was nitrate-N among different soil fertility and fertilization treatments. These results indicated that DON was an important component of N leaching loss and could not be neglected in sustainable development of vegetable greenhouse soil.
49
Monti, Michele, Giuseppe Badagliacca, Maurizio Romeo, and Antonio Gelsomino. "No-Till and Solid Digestate Amendment Selectively Affect the Potential Denitrification Activity in Two Mediterranean Orchard Soils." Soil Systems 5, no. 2 (May 21, 2021): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems5020031.
Full textAbstract:
Improved soil managements that include reduced soil disturbance and organic amendment incorporation represent valuable strategies to counteract soil degradation processes that affect Mediterranean tree cultivations. However, changes induced by these practices can promote soil N loss through denitrification. Our research aimed to investigate the short-term effects of no-tillage and organic amendment with solid anaerobic digestate on the potential denitrification in two Mediterranean orchard soils showing contrasting properties in terms of texture and pH. Denitrifying enzyme activity (DEA) and selected soil variables (available C and N, microbial biomass C, basal respiration) were monitored in olive and orange tree orchard soils over a five-month period. Our results showed that the application of both practices increased soil DEA, with dynamics that varied according to the soil type. Increased bulk density, lowered soil aeration, and a promoting effect on soil microbial community growth were the main DEA triggers under no-tillage. Conversely, addition of digestate promoted DEA by increasing readily available C and N with a shorter effect in the olive grove soil, due to greater sorption and higher microbial efficiency, and a long-lasting consequence in the orange orchard soil related to a larger release of soluble substrates and their lower microbial use efficiency.
50
Kuo, Yu-Lin, Chia-Hisng Lee, and Shih-Hao Jien. "Reduction of Nutrient Leaching Potential in Coarse-Textured Soil by Using Biochar." Water 12, no. 7 (July 15, 2020): 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12072012.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Loss of nutrients and organic carbon (OC) through leaching or erosion may degrade soil and water quality, which in turn could lead to food insecurity. Adding biochar to soil can effectively improve soil stability, therefore, evaluating the effects of biochar on OC and nutrient retention and leaching is critical. Methods: We conducted a 42-day column leaching experiment by using sandy loam soil samples mixed with 2% of biochar pyrolyzed from Honduran mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) wood sawdust at 300 °C (WB300) and 600 °C (WB600) and a control sample. Leaching was achieved by flushing the soil column on day 4 and every week during the 42-day experiment and adding a water volume for each flushing equivalent to the field water capacity. Results: Biochar application increased the final soil pH and OC, NH4+-N, NO3−-N, available P concentrations but not exchangeable K concentrations. In particular, WB600 exhibited superior performance in alleviating soil acidification; WB300 engendered high NO3−-N concentrations. Biochar application effectively retained water in soil and inhibited the leaching of the aforementioned nutrients and dissolved OC. WB300 reduced NH4+-N and K leaching by 30%, and WB600 reduced P leaching by 68%. Conclusions: Biochar application can improve nutrient retention and reduce the leaching potential of soils and connected water bodies.