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1
Mocali, Stefano, and Anna Benedetti. "Exploring research frontiers in microbiology: the challenge of metagenomics in soil microbiology." Research in Microbiology 161, no. 6 (2010): 497–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resmic.2010.04.010.
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Al-Hashmi, Zeyana, and Said S. Al-Ismaily. "Environmental Soil Microbiology: A Novel Research-Oriented Laboratory Course for Undergraduate Students." Atlas Journal of Science Education 2, no. 2 (2017): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5147/ajse.v2i2.79.
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Laboratory courses have a central and distinctive role in sci- ence education. The need of improving laboratory curricular materials in environmental soil microbiology education is a must more than ever as due to the followings: (i) emerg- ing of new types of soil biological problems associated with new manipulated environments, (ii) the intimacy of human, plants, and animals to soil microbial activities, and (iii) en- vironmental soil-connected issues is the area of current re- search interests. We present a novel research-oriented labo- ratory course for undergraduates in soil science, according to the need of reforming the laboratory curriculum as called by the National Science Education Standards to advocate in- quiry and cognitivity in teaching and learning. Our inquiry- based environmental soil microbiology laboratory course provides a good pedagogical opportunity in promoting criti- cal thinking, making predictions, proposing causative factors, and presenting consistent arguments to support a position through effective scientific writing. The novelty of our labora- tory curriculum relies on the integration of three main com- ponents namely the “skill learning”, “research experience”, and “effective writing skills” which ultimately may help in optimizing students thinking performance towards research oriented mindset. The course is divided into two modules (I
 & II), where in module I students are introduced to the basic principles and techniques in soil microbiology. As for module II, students are assigned a research project to enhance their critical thinking and develop their conceptual skills in design- ing an experiment, problem solving, gathering and analy- sis of data, and scientific writing. The unit content can be modified to suit other specific laboratory curriculums in other branches of natural science without loss of students learning efficiency or impact.
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Al-Hashmi, Zeyana, and Said S. Al-Ismaily. "Environmental Soil Microbiology: A Novel Research-Oriented Laboratory Course for Undergraduate Students." Atlas Journal of Science Education 2, no. 2 (2013): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5147/ajse.2013.0101.
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Kulmatiski, Andrew, and Karen H. Beard. "Reducing sampler error in soil research." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 36, no. 2 (2004): 383–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2003.10.004.
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Alexander, Martin. "Highlights of Research in Division S-3-Soil Microbiology and Biochemistry Since 196." Soil Science Society of America Journal 50, no. 4 (1986): 839–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1986.03615995005000040001x.
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Geisen, Stefan, Martin Hartmann, and Christoph C. Tebbe. "The European Journal of Soil Biology: A catalyst for soil biodiversity research." European Journal of Soil Biology 102 (January 2021): 103262. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejsobi.2020.103262.
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Meunier, Robert, and Saliha Bayır. "Metagenomics approaches in microbial ecology and research for sustainable agriculture." TATuP - Zeitschrift für Technikfolgenabschätzung in Theorie und Praxis 30, no. 2 (2021): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.14512/tatup.30.2.24.
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Technologies such as next generation sequencing (NGS) are transforming research fields at the methodological, conceptual, and organizational level. They open up new possibilities and bring with them new commitments and inherent limitations. We show from a philosophy of science perspective how NGS-based metagenomics has transformed microbial ecology and, with it, parts of agricultural soil science, which integrate ecological approaches with the aim to inform agricultural practices. We reconstruct agricultural science as design science (sensu Niiniluoto) and describe how the possibilities, commitments, and limitations of metagenomics approaches in microbial ecology shape values, situation assessments, and recommendations for interventions of soil microbiology in the context of sustainable agriculture.
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Dashko, Regina, and Anna Shidlovskaya. "Impact of microbial activity on soil properties." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 53, no. 9 (2016): 1386–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2015-0649.
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There are microorganisms in soils and their activity can have a positive or negative impact on soil properties and groundwater. The positive effect of microorganisms includes the self-purification and self-regulation of contaminated groundwater and soil. The negative effect on soil is the change in grain-size composition; the weakening of engineering properties of soils; and the development processes, such as biogas generation, microbial quick-sand formation, and soil liquefaction. This paper addresses the negative effects of microbial activity on soil. Research on the impact of microbial activity in an underground space has been motivated by observations associated with underground infrastructure, such as subway tunnels, utilities tunnels, deep mines including those with tailings, and infrastructure with shallow and deep foundations. An overview of microorganisms in soil and an analysis of microbial activity in soils under the influence of natural and human-made factors are presented. Field and laboratory experiments show the significant impact of microbial activity on the engineering properties and consistency of the soil. Due to the complexity of the process, a study of microbial activity in the soil profile requires an integration of microbiology, biochemistry, engineering geology, and geotechnical engineering knowledge and experience.
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Petersen, Joan, and Patrick Chan. "A College–High School Collaboration to Support Authentic Microbiology Research." American Biology Teacher 82, no. 4 (2020): 201–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/abt.2020.82.4.201.
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A partnership between a community college biology professor and a local high school teacher was established to engage high school students in authentic microbiology research. High school students isolated actinomycetes from soil samples and tested them for their ability to produce antimicrobial chemicals. They also designed and carried out their own experiments with these isolates. Laboratory reports, written assignments, and quizzes were used to assess the scientific learning of the subject covered by the research project. The students' attitudes about science and scientific research were assessed using a standardized survey and written reflection questions. In completing this project, the students applied their knowledge of the scientific method and experimental design to address authentic research questions. They also learned several hands-on laboratory skills, including serial dilution, aseptic technique, isolation of pure cultures, Gram staining, microscopy, and antimicrobial testing. Student feedback was overwhelmingly positive – many expressed an increased interest in pursuing a career in science, and most felt that the project helped them gain confidence in their ability to do science. This project illustrates the importance of establishing partnerships between secondary schools and academic institutions to successfully introduce research to younger students.
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Lestari, Widya, and Kamsia Dorliana Sitanggang. "KARAKTERISASI BAKTERI TANAH PERTANIAN ORGANIK DAN TANAH PERTANIAN ANORGANIK DAN UJI ANTAGONIS TERHADAP JAMUR AKAR PUTIH (Rigidoporus microporus)." JURNAL AGROPLASMA 7, no. 1 (2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.36987/agroplasma.v7i1.1684.
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Research on the Characterization and Antagonist Test of Organic Soil Bacteria and Inorganic Farm Soils Against White Root Fungi (Rigidoporus microporus), was studied at the USU FMIPA Microbiology Laboratory, Medan, in May 2018. The method used was the characterization of agricultural soil bacteria with scatter plates and Yeast media. Extract 1%, obtained 3 soil bacterial isolates namely Sp01, Sp02 and Sp03 and 3 isolates from the inorganic agricultural soils Spa1, Spa2, and Spa3 which were characterized by shape, color, elevation edge and edge of the colony. Sp02 and Sp03 bacteria have greater ability to inhibit the growth of Rigidoporus microporus than Sp01 with inhibition zones of 2.5 and 3.5 mm. Sp a1 bacterium has the highest inhibitory ability of 30 mm against Rigidoporus microporus compared to Spa2 and Spa3. Keywords: Bacteria, Rigidoporus microporus, Faarm soils
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Prokop, G. "The State of EU Soil Policy and Soil Related Research." Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology 4, no. 3 (2005): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11157-005-2239-7.
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Mekonnen, Eshetu, Ameha Kebede, Tekle Tafesse, and Mesfin Tafesse. "Application of Microbial Bioenzymes in Soil Stabilization." International Journal of Microbiology 2020 (July 30, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1725482.
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Soil stabilization is a mechanical or chemical alteration of one or more soil properties to create an improved soil material possessing the desired engineering properties. The aim of this article was to review bioenzyme-based soil stabilization techniques with an emphasis on bioenzymes production, mechanism of soil stabilization and future challenges, and opportunities of the sector. Soils are stabilized to increase strength and durability or to prevent erosion and dust generation. Cost-effective soil stabilization technology has been a fundamental part of any construction and is very important for economic growth in any country. In some cases, construction has been challenged due to the high cost of soil stabilization processes. Besides, methods of stabilizations using common stabilizing agents are getting costly. Currently, there is a growing interest to identify new and green technology to improve construction techniques and to expand the road network. Therefore, the search for new materials and improved techniques to process the local materials has received an increased focus. For developing countries, bioenzymes are now creating an opportunity to improve soil stability with tremendous effectiveness in the overall process of soil stabilization. In the world, bioenzymes have been used in different projects for several years and are generally proprietary products, often of patented formulation that needs intensive field tests. Currently, the use and production of bioenzymes is becoming the most promising key for the advancement of a country by saving time, energy, and finance. It also reduces environmental pollution due to carbon emission by the conventional stabilizers. Thus, a better understanding of this emerging technology is of utmost importance to exploit any improvement it can offer to soil stability. With little research and practice, it is possible to produce soil stabilizing bioenzymes using local raw materials. Due to this, production of low cost, easily and widely applicable, and environmentally friendly enzymatic formulations from locally available raw materials should be the interest of research and academic institutes of any country.
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Tarin, Muhammad Waqqas Khan, Lili Fan, Dejin Xie, et al. "Response of Soil Fungal Diversity and Community Composition to Varying Levels of Bamboo Biochar in Red Soils." Microorganisms 9, no. 7 (2021): 1385. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9071385.
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Soil fungi play a vital role in soil nutrient dynamics, but knowledge of their diversity and community composition in response to biochar addition into red soil is either limited or inconsistent. Therefore, we determined the impact of bamboo biochar (BB) with increasing concentrations (0, 5, 20, and 80 g kg−1 of soil, referred to as B0, BB5, BB20, and BB80, respectively) on soil physicochemical properties and fungal communities (Illumina high-throughput sequencing) in red soil under Fokenia hodginsii (Fujian cypress). We found that increasing BB levels effectively raised the soil pH and soil nutrients, particularly under BB80. BB addition significantly increased the relative abundance of important genera, i.e., Basidiomycota, Mucoromycota, and Chytridiomycota that could play a key role in ecological functioning, e.g., wood degradation and litter decomposition, improvement in plant nutrients uptake, and resistance to several abiotic stress factors. Soil amended with BB exhibited a substantial ability to increase the fungal richness and diversity; BB80 > BB20 > BB5 > B0. Basidiomycota, Mucoromycota, Glomeromycota, Rozellomycota, Aphelidiomycota, Kickxellomycota, and Planctomycetes were positively associated with soil pH, total nitrogen, phosphorous, and carbon, and available potassium and phosphorous. Besides, the correlation analysis between the soil fungal communities and soil properties also showed that soil pH was the most influential factor in shaping the soil fungal communities in the red soil. These findings have significant implications for a comprehensive understanding of how to ameliorate acidic soils with BB addition, as well as for future research on sustainable forest management, which might increase soil fungi richness, diversity, and functionality in acidic soils.
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Zhang, Xi, Feng Li, Tingting Liu, et al. "The Variations in the Soil Enzyme Activity, Protein Expression, Microbial Biomass, and Community Structure of Soil Contaminated by Heavy Metals." ISRN Soil Science 2013 (December 26, 2013): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/803150.
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Heavy metals have adverse effects on soil ecology. Given the toxicity of heavy metals, there is an urgent need to select an appropriate indicator that will aid in monitoring their biological effects on soil ecosystems. By combining different monitoring techniques for various aspects of microbiology, the effects of heavy metals on soil microorganisms near a smelter were studied. Our goal was to determine whether proteins could be a proper indicator for soil pollution. This study demonstrated that the activities of acid phosphatase and dehydrogenase, as well as the levels of microbial biomass carbon and proteins, were negatively affected by heavy metals. In addition, significantly negative correlations were observed between these microbial indicators and heavy metals. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis was used in this study to demonstrate that heavy metals also have a significantly negative effect on soil microbial diversity and community structure. The soil protein expression was similar across different soils, but a large quantity of presumably low molecular weight protein was observed only in contaminated soil. Based on this research, we determined that the soil protein concentration was more sensitive to heavy metals than acid phosphatase, dehydrogenase, or microbial biomass carbon because it was more dramatically decreased in the contaminated soils. Therefore, we concluded that the soil protein level has great potential to be a sensitive indicator of soil contamination. Further research is essential, particularly to identify the low molecular weight protein that only appears in contaminated soil, so that further insight can be gained into the responses of microbes to heavy metals.
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Pérez-Hernández, Valentín, Mario Hernández-Guzmán, Marco Luna-Guido, Yendi E. Navarro-Noya, Elda M. Romero-Tepal, and Luc Dendooven. "Bacterial Communities in Alkaline Saline Soils Amended with Young Maize Plants or Its (Hemi)Cellulose Fraction." Microorganisms 9, no. 6 (2021): 1297. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9061297.
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We studied three soils of the former lake Texcoco with different electrolytic conductivity (1.9 dS m−1, 17.3 dS m−1, and 33.4 dS m−1) and pH (9.3, 10.4, and 10.3) amended with young maize plants and their neutral detergent fibre (NDF) fraction and aerobically incubated in the laboratory for 14 days while the soil bacterial community structure was monitored by means of 454-pyrosequencing of their 16S rRNA marker gene. We identified specific bacterial groups that showed adaptability to soil salinity, i.e., Prauseria in soil amended with young maize plants and Marinobacter in soil amended with NDF. An increase in soil salinity (17.3 dS m−1, 33.4 dS m−1) showed more bacterial genera enriched than soil with low salinity (1.9 dS m−1). Functional prediction showed that members of Alfa-, Gamma-, and Deltaproteobacteria, which are known to adapt to extreme conditions, such as salinity and low nutrient soil content, were involved in the lignocellulose degradation, e.g., Marinimicrobium and Pseudomonas as cellulose degraders, and Halomonas and Methylobacterium as lignin degraders. This research showed that the taxonomic annotation and their functional prediction both highlighted keystone bacterial groups with the ability to degrade complex C-compounds, such as lignin and (hemi)cellulose, in the extreme saline-alkaline soil of the former Lake of Texcoco.
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Raveau, Robin, Anissa Lounès-Hadj Sahraoui, Mohamed Hijri, and Joël Fontaine. "Clary Sage Cultivation and Mycorrhizal Inoculation Influence the Rhizosphere Fungal Community of an Aged Trace-Element Polluted Soil." Microorganisms 9, no. 6 (2021): 1333. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9061333.
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Soil fungal communities play a central role in natural systems and agroecosystems. As such, they have attracted significant research interest. However, the fungal microbiota of aromatic plants, such as clary sage (Salvia sclarea L.), remain unexplored. This is especially the case in trace element (TE)-polluted conditions and within the framework of phytomanagement approaches. The presence of high concentrations of TEs in soils can negatively affect not only microbial diversity and community composition but also plant establishment and growth. Hence, the objective of this study is to investigate the soil fungal and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) community composition and their changes over time in TE-polluted soils in the vicinity of a former lead smelter and under the cultivation of clary sage. We used Illumina MiSeq amplicon sequencing to evaluate the effects of in situ clary sage cultivation over two successive years, combined or not with exogenous AMF inoculation, on the rhizospheric soil and root fungal communities. We obtained 1239 and 569 fungal amplicon sequence variants (ASV), respectively, in the rhizospheric soil and roots of S. sclarea under TE-polluted conditions. Remarkably, 69 AMF species were detected at our experimental site, belonging to 12 AMF genera. Furthermore, the inoculation treatment significantly shaped the fungal communities in soil and increased the number of AMF ASVs in clary sage roots. In addition, clary sage cultivation over successive years could be one of the explanatory parameters for the inter-annual variation in both fungal and AMF communities in the soil and root biotopes. Our data provide new insights on fungal and AMF communities in the rhizospheric soil and roots of an aromatic plant, clary sage, grown in TE-polluted agricultural soil.
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Fu, Shenglei, Xiaoming Zou, and David Coleman. "Highlights and perspectives of soil biology and ecology research in China." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 41, no. 5 (2009): 868–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.10.014.
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Tsvetkova, V. A., Yu V. Mokhnacheva, T. N. Kharybina, E. V. Beskaravainaya, and I. A. Mitroshin. "On the approach to the analysis of research vectors as the case study of Microbiology subject area." Scientific and Technical Libraries, no. 12 (February 18, 2021): 83–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.33186/1027-3689-2020-12-83-98.
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It is very important to identify the most developing research areas. The analysis of terminology dynamics, as exemplified by microbiology, enables to make conclusions on the current changes within the corresponding branch of science. The terminological dynamics of the most cited publications demonstrates high relevance of research findings demanded by scientific community. As exemplified by our Microbiology subject index, we introduce the method of identification of the most developing research problems based on key words frequency distribution. We suggest that the share of unique topic-oriented key words in the articles which belong to the same topic-oriented group is a variable that correlates with the range of research studies, methods, and the diversity of microorganisms: the greater is the number of these words, the greater diversity of topics is comprised by scientific papers in the field. Within this study, the group of papers falling under the heading of Genetics of yeasts and microfungi is leading in the number of papers with the number of topic-oriented key words amounting to 83%. Soil microbiology, Geomicrobiology, Pathogen-host interactions, and Bacterial Genetics also belong to the most developing topics.
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Gurtler, Joshua B. "Pathogen Decontamination of Food Crop Soil: A Review." Journal of Food Protection 80, no. 9 (2017): 1461–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-17-040.
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ABSTRACT The purpose of this review is to delineate means of decontaminating soil. This information might be used to mitigate soil-associated risks of foodborne pathogens. The majority of the research in the published literature involves inactivation of plant pathogens in soil, i.e., those pathogens harmful to fruit and vegetable production and ornamental plants. Very little has been published regarding the inactivation of foodborne human pathogens in crop soil. Nevertheless, because decontamination techniques for plant pathogens might also be useful methods for eliminating foodborne pathogens, this review also includes inactivation of plant pathogens, with appropriate discussion and comparisons, in the hopes that these methods may one day be validated against foodborne pathogens. Some of the major soil decontamination methods that have been investigated and are covered include chemical decontamination (chemigation), solarization, steaming, biofumigation, bacterial competitive exclusion, torch flaming, microwave treatment, and amendment with biochar. Other innovative means of inactivating foodborne pathogens in soils may be discovered and explored in the future, provided that these techniques are economically feasible in terms of chemicals, equipment, and labor. Food microbiology and food safety researchers should reach out to soil scientists and plant pathologists to create links where they do not currently exist and strengthen relationships where they do exist to take advantage of multidisciplinary skills. In time, agricultural output and the demand for fresh produce will increase. With advances in the sensitivity of pathogen testing and epidemiological tracebacks, the need to mitigate preharvest bacterial contamination of fresh produce will become paramount. Hence, soil decontamination technologies may become more economically feasible and practical in light of increasing the microbial safety of fresh produce.
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Hamel, Chantal, and Désiré-Georges Strullu. "Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in field crop production: Potential and new direction." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 86, no. 4 (2006): 941–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p05-099.
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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are multipurpose organisms with complex ecological ramifications in the soil system that have been difficult to study and understand. The phytocentric concept of AMF that has prevailed since the naming of these organisms is being replaced by a holistic vision recognizing that AMF are a key element of soil functioning and health rather than a plant root component. Recent advances in knowledge brought about by new techniques for soil microbiology research open the way to AMF management in crop production. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi may influence crop development, even in phosphorus-rich soils. However, growing crops in soil with lower fertility would optimize the expression of the multiple beneficial effects of AMF in agro-ecosystem and reduce nutrient seepage to the environment. The consideration of the soil mycorrhizal potential within the framework of soil testing and fertilization recommendations, the development of improved inoculants and signal molecules to manipulate AMF and the development of cultivars with improved symbiotic qualities would insure the production of good crop yields while improving agroecosystems’ sustainability. Key words: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi management, field crop production, agriculture, soil quality, arbuscular mycorrhizal effect
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Yidong, Xing, Liu Hong, Qing Yanzhe, and Xie Beizhen. "Research of lettuce planting on the soil-like substrate." Journal of Biotechnology 136 (October 2008): S471—S472. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.07.1097.
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Kim, Nakian, María C. Zabaloy, Kaiyu Guan, and María B. Villamil. "Do cover crops benefit soil microbiome? A meta-analysis of current research." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 142 (March 2020): 107701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2019.107701.
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Alteio, Lauren V., Joana Séneca, Alberto Canarini, et al. "A critical perspective on interpreting amplicon sequencing data in soil ecological research." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 160 (September 2021): 108357. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2021.108357.
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Arifin, Mahfud, Rina Devnita, Pujawati Suryatmana, et al. "Soil Acidity, Organic Carbon and Basic Cations as Affected by Nanoparticle of Volcanic Ash and Biofertilizer in Inceptisols." Materials Science Forum 1044 (August 27, 2021): 133–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1044.133.
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Nanoparticle has been used in agricultural practices such as soil ameliorant. Nanoparticle of volcanic ash and biofertilizer were applied to improve some soil characteristics of Inceptisols. The objective of this research was to optimize the benefit of nanoparticle of volcanic ash and biofertilizer in reducing soil acidity, increasing organic carbon content, and increasing basic cations of Inceptisols. Volcanic ash was obtained from the eruption of Mt. Merapi in Central Java. Nanoparticle was grinded in Nanotechnology and Graphene Research Center, Universitas Padjadjaran. Phosphate solubilizing fungi was used as biofertilizer, isolated in Soil Microbiology Laboratory, Universitas Padjadjaran. A two factors randomized experimental design was used in this research. Nanoparticle of volcanic ash was used as first factor (four levels: 0%, 2%, 4% and 6% of soil weight percentages). Biofertilizer was used as second factor (two levels: 0 and 10 g.kg-1). These two treatments were combined and mixed evenly and incubated for three months in field condition. Every month during those three months a few soil samples were taken to analyze the change of soil characteristics. The results showed that the treatments increased organic carbon content and potassium basic cation but had no effect to soil acidity.
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Kudinova, Alina G., Andrey V. Dolgih, Nikita S. Mergelov, Ilya G. Shorkunov, Olga A. Maslova, and Mayya A. Petrova. "The Abundance and Taxonomic Diversity of Filterable Forms of Bacteria during Succession in the Soils of Antarctica (Bunger Hills)." Microorganisms 9, no. 8 (2021): 1728. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9081728.
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Previous studies have shown that a significant part of the bacterial communities of Antarctic soils is represented by cells passing through filters with pore sizes of 0.2 µm. These results raised new research questions about the composition and diversity of the filterable forms of bacteria (FFB) in Antarctic soils and their role in the adaptation of bacteria to the extreme living conditions. To answer such questions, we analyzed the succession of bacterial communities during incubation of Antarctic soil samples from the Bunger Hills at increased humidity and positive temperatures (5 °C and 20 °C). We determined the total number of viable cells by fluorescence microscopy in all samples and assessed the taxonomic diversity of bacteria by next-generation sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene region. Our results have shown that at those checkpoints where the total number of cells reached the maximum, the FFB fraction reached its minimum, and vice versa. We did not observe significant changes in taxonomic diversity in the soil bacterial communities during succession. During our study, we found that the soil bacterial communities as a whole and the FFB fraction consist of almost the same phylogenetic groups. We suppose rapid transition of the cells of the active part of the bacterial population to small dormant forms is one of the survival strategies in extreme conditions and contributes to the stable functioning of microbial communities in Antarctic soils.
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Costas, Amaya Garcia, Devon L. Ragen, and John W. Peters. "Searching for Nitrogen-Fixing Microorganisms: An Original, Relevant, and Successful Early Research Experience." American Biology Teacher 79, no. 3 (2017): 191–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/abt.2017.79.3.191.
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A five-week research project was designed as part of a summer internship for high school students, and could also be used with educators or in introductory undergraduate research courses. This is a guided-inquiry-based project, framed within the significant issue of supplementing fertilizer use in agriculture with nitrogen-fixing microorganisms. This experience exposes students to how scientists are studying real-world problems; it teaches them basic research techniques, and promotes inquiry-based learning in a real research environment. It also fills a current gap in K-12 education that lacks enough microbiology emphasis. Research interns collect soil samples from various fields and use culture-dependent and culture-independent techniques to test whether there are nitrogen-fixing microorganisms that can be isolated and identified in each soil sample. Students work in a research laboratory making nitrogen-free media; culturing, isolating, and identifying microorganisms; extracting soil DNA; and amplifying the 16S rRNA and nifH genes. We administer a pre-test and a post-test, and students present their research both in a short talk and with a poster. By hosting high school students in a research laboratory and immersing them in laboratory science, we hope to inspire them to pursue a STEM-related career.
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Hynes, Russell K., and Susan M. Boyetchko. "Research initiatives in the art and science of biopesticide formulations." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 38, no. 4 (2006): 845–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2005.07.003.
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Ekamaida, Ekamaida. "COUNTING TOTAL BACTERIA IN LAND ORGANIC WASTE HOUSEHOLD AND LAND INORGANIC WITH TOTAL PLATE COUNT METHOD (TPC)." Jurnal Penelitian Agrisamudra 4, no. 2 (2017): 87–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.33059/jpas.v4i2.288.
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The soil fertility aspect is characterized by the good biological properties of the soil. One important element of the soil biological properties is the bacterial population present in it. This research was conducted in the laboratory of Microbiology University of Malikussaleh in the May until June 2016. This study aims to determine the number of bacterial populations in soil organic and inorganic so that can be used as an indicator to know the level of soil fertility. Data analysis was done by T-Test that is by comparing the mean of observation parameter to each soil sample. The sampling method used is a composite method, which combines 9 of soil samples taken from 9 sample points on the same plot diagonally both on organic soil and inorganic soil. The results showed the highest bacterial population was found in total organic soil cfu 180500000 and total inorganic soil cfu 62.500.000
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Stamenov, Dragana, Simonida Đurić, Timea Hajnal Jafari, Vladimir Ćirić, and Maja Manojlović. "Microbiological Activity in the Soil of Various Agricultural Crops in Organic Production." Contemporary Agriculture 67, no. 1 (2018): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/contagri-2018-0005.
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Summary The purpose of this study is to investigate the microbial activity and the number of different groups of microorganisms in the soil under organic agricultural systems. A range of analyses was conducted on soil samples taken from calcareous chernozem soils managed under organic (7 sites) and conventional agricultural systems (1 site). Laboratory measurements were performed in the Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Novi Sad. The total number of bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi, aminoheterotrophs and azotobacters was determined using the dilution method. Soil dehydrogenase activity was measured spectrophotometrically. The greatest number of the Azotobacter sp. bacteria was recorded in the soil devoted to pumpkins (132.61 × 102) and in the soil devoted to apples (126.39 × 102). The greatest number of aminoheterotrophs (1786.05 × 106) and the total number of bacteria (1370.82 × 106) and actinomycetes (235.45 × 104) were determined in the soil devoted to carrots. Fungi were more abounded in the soil devoted to chard (36.82 × 104) than in the soil devoted to other plants. The research results show that the soil devoted to wheat in organic production indicated a greater number of aminoheterotrophs, total bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi, whereas only the number of Azotobacter sp. was greater in the soil devoted to wheat in the conventional agricultural system. The highest dehydrogenase activity level was determined in the soil devoted to radishes, whereas the lowest dehydrogenase activity level was determined in the soil devoted to apples.
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Cai, Y. J., Y. S. Ok, J. Lehmann, and S. X. Chang. "Recommendations for stronger biochar research in soil biology and fertility." Biology and Fertility of Soils 57, no. 3 (2021): 333–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00374-021-01548-2.
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Davies, Alison. "Pasture research in the UK: Present knowledge and future prospects." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 78, no. 2 (1998): 211–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p97-028.
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Pasture research in the UK has increasingly been aimed at understanding the mechanisms that underlie pasture plant responses to different managements. The need to develop agricultural systems that are both sustainable and economically viable has strengthened interest in reliable animal production from pasture and has emphasised the need to understand how white clover can best be maintained in the grazed sward. Breeders are focusing on meeting the nutritional requirements of the grazing animal and are enjoying increasing success in incorporating new genetic material from plant collections into varieties of grass and clover which are better able to withstand environmental stresses. Economic and environmental considerations have stimulated interest in gaining further insights into the nature of (and the reasons for) the species changes which follow reductions in fertiliser inputs and stocking rates. The possibility of harnessing the preferences of different grazing animals to influence vegetational change is being explored. Soil microbiology and nutrient availability in soils (and their influence on future productive capacity) are also influenced by reduced inputs and are subjects attracting increased interest. This paper discusses current understanding of these topics in the UK and identifies some specific problems that require further study. Key words: Clover, grass, grazing, pasture composition, plant breeding
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Devnita, Rina, Apong Sandrawati, Mahfud Arifin, Pujawati Suryatmana, Muhammad Amir Solihin, and Fikri Utami Wulandari. "Application of Nanoparticle of Merapi Volcanic Ash and Phosphate-Solubilizing Fungi in Improving Inceptisols Characteristics." Materials Science Forum 1044 (August 27, 2021): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1044.113.
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Nanoparticles of Merapi volcanic ash and phosphate-solubilizing fungi were expected to function as ameliorants in improving some Inceptisols characteristics. Nanoparticles of volcanic ash were used in accelerating and streamlining the chemical reaction in the soil. Phosphate-solubilizing fungi were expected to assist the process of several soil reactions. The aim of the research was to improve some chemical characteristics like available P, cation exchange capacity, Fe, and Zn content of Inceptisols in Cilembu Village, Sumedang District, West Java Province, Indonesia. The research used a complete randomized experimental design in factorial with two factors. The first factor was the nanoparticle of Merapi volcanic ash consisted of four doses on soil weight percentage (0%, 2%, 4%, and 6%). The second factor was phosphate-solubilizing fungi consisted of two doses (without and 10 g.kg-1). The volcanic ash was collected from Mt. Merapi, Central Java, after the eruption of November 2010 and kept in the Laboratory of Soil Physics and Conservation in Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran. The nanoparticle of volcanic ash was processed at Nanotechnology and Graphene Research Centre, Universitas Padjadjaran. The phosphate-solubilizing fungi were isolated from Inceptisols in Soil Microbiology Laboratory, Universitas Padjadjaran. These treatments were combined and mixed with soils and incubated for three months. Every one month during those three months of the incubation period, some soils were taken to be analyzed of available P, cation exchange capacity (CEC), available Fe, and available Zn. The result showed that there was no interaction between the nanoparticle of Merapi volcanic ash and phosphate-solubilizing fungi to parameters investigated except the CEC after two months of incubation. There was an effect of nanoparticle volcanic ash and phosphate-solubilizing fungi individually to available Fe dan Zn. There was a trend of increasing available P, and CEC and decreasing available Fe and Zn by the longer period of incubation.
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DOAN, CRAIG H., and P. MICHAEL DAVIDSON. "Microbiology of Potatoes and Potato Products: A Review." Journal of Food Protection 63, no. 5 (2000): 668–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-63.5.668.
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Many types of spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms exist on fresh, minimally processed, and fully processed potato products. Potatoes are processed into many products including frozen, dried, ready-to-eat, and minimally processed. The microbiological quality of finished potato products is influenced by the natural microflora, processing, handling, and human contact. The natural microflora of potatoes are influenced by soil and airborne inocula, agricultural practices, harvesting methods, and storage conditions. The microflora of processed products are influenced by all of the factors and conditions affecting the natural microflora as well as the processes applied to the product. Increased consumer demand for new and existing potato products highlights the importance of ensuring their microbiological safety. This review considers the sources of microorganisms, microflora, foodborne disease pathogens, and outbreaks associated with, and selected microbiological research involving, potatoes and potato products.
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Kardanpour, Z., O. S. Jacobsen, and K. H. Esbensen. "Local versus field scale soil heterogeneity characterization – a challenge for representative sampling in pollution studies." SOIL Discussions 2, no. 1 (2015): 619–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/soild-2-619-2015.
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Abstract. This study is a contribution to development of a heterogeneity characterisation facility for "next generation" sampling aimed at more realistic and controllable pesticide variability in laboratory pots in experimental environmental contaminant assessment. The role of soil heterogeneity on quantification of a set of exemplar parameters, organic matter, loss on ignition (LOI), biomass, soil microbiology, MCPA sorption and mineralization is described, including a brief background on how heterogeneity affects sampling/monitoring procedures in environmental pollutant studies. The Theory of Sampling (TOS) and variographic analysis has been applied to develop a fit-for-purpose heterogeneity characterization approach. All parameters were assessed in large-scale profile (1–100 m) vs. small-scale (0.1–1 m) replication sampling pattern. Variographic profiles of experimental analytical results concludes that it is essential to sample at locations with less than a 2.5 m distance interval to benefit from spatial auto-correlation and thereby avoid unnecessary, inflated compositional variation in experimental pots; this range is an inherent characteristic of the soil heterogeneity and will differ among soils types. This study has a significant carrying-over potential for related research areas e.g. soil science, contamination studies, and environmental monitoring and environmental chemistry.
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Magarey, RC. "Microbiological aspects of sugarcane yield decline." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 47, no. 3 (1996): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9960307.
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Sugarcane is an important Australian crop earning over $1.8 billion in export revenue annually. The crop is grown as a monoculture, and much of the production area has been continually cropped for over 60 years. Increasing production trends plateaued in the 1970s and soil based constraints now reduce industry income by $200~1 annually. The condition, termed sugarcane yield decline (YD), is similar to replant diseases in other crops. Large growth responses to soil fumigation, soil solarisation, and the application of fungicides, suggest that soil microbiology is intimately involved. Research has identified a previously unclassified oomycete, Pachymetra chaunorhiza, as a new sugarcane root pathogen. Additional root pathogens identified include Pythium arrhenomanes and various nematode species. Other organisms which appear to be involved in YD, are discussed.
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Hao, Jianjun, and Katherine Ashley. "Irreplaceable Role of Amendment-Based Strategies to Enhance Soil Health and Disease Suppression in Potato Production." Microorganisms 9, no. 8 (2021): 1660. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9081660.
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Soilborne diseases are a major constraining factor to soil health and plant health in potato production. In the toolbox of crop management, soil amendments have shown benefits to control these diseases and improve soil quality. Most amendments provide nutrients to plants and suppress multiple soilborne pathogens. Soil amendments are naturally derived materials and products and can be classified into fresh or living plants, organic or inorganic matters, and microbial supplements. Fresh plants have unique functions and continuously exude chemicals to interact with soil microbes. Organic and inorganic matter contain high levels of nutrients, including nitrogen and carbon that plants and soil microorganisms need. Soil microorganisms, whether being artificially added or indigenously existing, are a key factor in plant health. Microbial communities can be considered as a biological reactor in an ecosystem, which suppress soilborne pathogens in various mechanisms and turn soil organic matter into absorbable forms for plants, regardless of amendment types. Therefore, soil amendments serve as an energy input, nutrient source, and a driving force of microbial activities. Advanced technologies, such as microbiome analyses, make it possible to analyze soil microbial communities and soil health. As research advances on mechanisms and functions, amendment-based strategies will play an important role in enhancing soil health and disease suppression for better potato production.
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Hoang, Khanh Quoc, and Ngoc Bich Nguyen. "Identification of Basidiomycetes laccase genes in Nam Cat Tien forest soil by metagenomics." Science and Technology Development Journal 16, no. 3 (2013): 60–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v16i3.1639.
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It was reported that there were 0.1 – 1% microorganism discovered by traditional cultivation, 99% others were not known cause of difficuties or impossible for growing in labratory’s conditions. Studying on microorganisms without culture was an aim of modern microbiology diversity. This research was used metagenomics method to access the diversity of laccase genes of mushrooms in Nam Cat Tien forest soil. The technique was simple, fast and cheap such as extracting and purifing DNA directly from soil, cloning by using retrograde primers and analyzing sequences of genes library. We have identified successfully laccase-like gene from samples collected in Nam Cat Tien forest.
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Lazcano, Cristina, Xia Zhu-Barker, and Charlotte Decock. "Effects of Organic Fertilizers on the Soil Microorganisms Responsible for N2O Emissions: A Review." Microorganisms 9, no. 5 (2021): 983. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9050983.
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The use of organic fertilizers constitutes a sustainable strategy to recycle nutrients, increase soil carbon (C) stocks and mitigate climate change. Yet, this depends largely on balance between soil C sequestration and the emissions of the potent greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O). Organic fertilizers strongly influence the microbial processes leading to the release of N2O. The magnitude and pattern of N2O emissions are different from the emissions observed from inorganic fertilizers and difficult to predict, which hinders developing best management practices specific to organic fertilizers. Currently, we lack a comprehensive evaluation of the effects of OFs on the function and structure of the N cycling microbial communities. Focusing on animal manures, here we provide an overview of the effects of these organic fertilizers on the community structure and function of nitrifying and denitrifying microorganisms in upland soils. Unprocessed manure with high moisture, high available nitrogen (N) and C content can shift the structure of the microbial community, increasing the abundance and activity of nitrifying and denitrifying microorganisms. Processed manure, such as digestate, compost, vermicompost and biochar, can also stimulate nitrifying and denitrifying microorganisms, although the effects on the soil microbial community structure are different, and N2O emissions are comparatively lower than raw manure. We propose a framework of best management practices to minimize the negative environmental impacts of organic fertilizers and maximize their benefits in improving soil health and sustaining food production systems. Long-term application of composted manure and the buildup of soil C stocks may contribute to N retention as microbial or stabilized organic N in the soil while increasing the abundance of denitrifying microorganisms and thus reduce the emissions of N2O by favoring the completion of denitrification to produce dinitrogen gas. Future research using multi-omics approaches can be used to establish key biochemical pathways and microbial taxa responsible for N2O production under organic fertilization.
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Pestereva, E. S., and S. A. Pavlova. "Selection of sunflower and its mixtures on the permafrost soil of Central Yakutia." Agrarian science, no. 6 (July 26, 2021): 50–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.32634/34/0869-8155-2021-350-6-50-54.
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Relevance. For the development of the main branch of agriculture in Yakutia — animal husbandry, one of the most pressing problems is the availability of feed. The article presents the results of research conducted at the Yakut Research Institute of Agriculture. Methods. Scientific research on the selection of sunflower mixtures with promising forage crops was carried out at site 30 “A“(on the basis of the laboratory of feed production of the YANIISKH) on the second over-floodplain terrace of the Lena River in 2018-2019.Results. The results of research on the growth and development of forage crops, the formation of yield, chemical composition and nutritional value of sunflower and its mixtures with promising annual crops are presented. High indicators for thedevelopment and yield of the tested crops were provided by sunflower mixed with corn 42.7 t/ha of green mass and sunflower mixed with Sudan grass 40.2 t/ha of green mass. The terms of sowing and harvesting of sunflower and its mixtures on permafrost soils are determined — sowing — the first decade of June, harvesting-the second decadeof August before early-autumn frosts in the phase of mass flowering and throwing out panicles of the tested forage crops.
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Rifai, M. Rustam, Hening Widowati, and Agus Sutanto. "UJI SINERGIS KONSORSIA BAKTERI INDIGEN LCN DENGAN KONSORSIA BAKTERI TANAH DI KEBUN PERCOBAAN UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH METRO SEBAGAI SUMBER BELAJAR BIOLOGI." BIOLOVA 1, no. 2 (2020): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.24127/biolova.v1i2.303.
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Abstract: Antagonistic bacteria in the activities of one organism with other organisms compete with each other in fighting over places, air, water, food (nutrients). If the bacteria do not compete with each other but those bacteria can interact and synergize, and share the same nutritional sources and behave cooperatively between bacteria in their habitat. It is said to be synergisticThe goal is to find out the 15 consortia of LCN indigenous bacteria with soil bacteria can be synergistic so, it can be consortified. To utilize the synergistic test results of the consortia of LCN indigen bacteria with soil bacteria as a source of learning biology. The research design is a quantitative experiment . Synergistic test using Streak Plate Method on Nutrient Agar medium. The test results show that X2value 56.86> X2table 23.68 with α 0.05 in the chi-square table, so it can be concluded that there is a synergy between LCN Indigenous Bacteria and Soil Bacteria. The validation results show that the microbiology practicum guide with 96% results has a very good qualification so, it is suitable as a biology learning source in the form of a microbiology practicum guide based on scientific approach.
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Pestereva, E. S., and S. A. Pavlova. "Selection of sunflower and its mixtures on the permafrost soil of Central Yakutia." Agrarian science, no. 6 (July 26, 2021): 50–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2021-350-6-50-54.
Full textAbstract:
Relevance. For the development of the main branch of agriculture in Yakutia — animal husbandry, one of the most pressing problems is the availability of feed. The article presents the results of research conducted at the Yakut Research Institute of Agriculture.Methods. Scientific research on the selection of sunflower mixtures with promising forage crops was carried out at site 30 “A“(on the basis of the laboratory of feed production of the YANIISKH) on the second over-floodplain terrace of the Lena River in 2018-2019.Results. The results of research on the growth and development of forage crops, the formation of yield, chemical composition and nutritional value of sunflower and its mixtures with promising annual crops are presented. High indicators for the development and yield of the tested crops were provided by sunflower mixed with corn 42.7 t/ha of green mass and sunflower mixed with Sudan grass 40.2 t/ha of green mass. The terms of sowing and harvesting of sunflower and its mixtures on permafrost soils are determined — sowing — the first decade of June, harvesting-the second decade of August before early-autumn frosts in the phase of mass flowering and throwing out panicles of the tested forage crops.
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Beyer, Lothar, Daniel M. White, and Manfred Bölter. "Soil organic matter composition, transformation, and microbial colonisation of Gelic Podzols in the coastal region of East Antarctica." Soil Research 39, no. 3 (2001): 543. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr00023.
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During recent soil geographical expeditions to Casey Station (Coastal Antarctica), soils with the morphological features of Gelic Podzols (WRB: Spodic Haplic Cryosols) were found to be widespread. The purpose of this paper is to provide further information on these unique soils with respect to soil organic matter (SOM), microbiology, and soil formation. Antarctic Podzols develop on solid rock, outwash sediments, and abandoned penguin rookeries. A comparison of different SOM depth profiles, however, revealed carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) of unknown origin. The SOM composition was characterised by a mean C/N ratio of 10, with a high content of carboxyl-C units, probably derived from amino acids, organic acids, and oxidised carbohydrates. Pyrolysis-GC/MS and NMR showed a notable variation between SOM in depth profiles and the horizons within each profile. Microbial colonisation was affected by the surface vegetation, content of organic C, and the influence of seabirds. Correlations between selected SOM compounds and bacteria on the vegetated soils suggested that algal and moss C influence SOM to a great extent. Most of the long-chain C moieties in the antarctic Podzols appeared to contain multiple oxygen- and N-containing functional groups, cyclic ionised and heterocyclic structures, and alkylations. Data suggest that, along with the podzolisation process, organic acids, non-humified carbohydrates, and N-containing moieties migrated from the topsoil into the spodic horizons. The results are discussed with respect to (i) soil formation and (ii) microbial colonisation in the cold climate. The Gelic Podzols hold huge amounts of C and N but their origin is poorly understood. Explaining the origin of the SOM should be a focus for future research in antarctic soil biogeochemistry.
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Lee, K. E. "Some trends and opportunities in earthworm research or: Darwin's children—the future of our discipline." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 24, no. 12 (1992): 1765–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0038-0717(92)90185-z.
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Tállai, Magdolna. "The effect of bentonite on the quantity change of soil microorganisms, the CO2-production and the activity of saccharase enzyme." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 26 (July 16, 2007): 287–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/26/3088.
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We examined the impact of bentonite – the perspective improving material of sandy soils – and treatments of livestock manure composted with bentonite on sandy soils, within the framework of a small-plot experiment.The adjustment of the experiment was made on the Experiment Site of the Nyíregyháza Research Centre of the University of Debrecen, Centre of Agricultural Sciences (UD CAS). We collected soil samples from parcels treated with increasing bentonite doses (5, 10, 15, 20 t/ha) on the one hand, and from the parcels treated with livestock manure composted with increasing doses of bentonite, on the other.We performed laboratory research in the soil microbiology laboratory of the Soil Science Faculty of UD CAS DAS, during which we determined the total number of bacteria, the quantity of microscopic fungi, the number of cellulose-decomposing bacteria, the CO2-production of the soil and the activity of saccharase enzyme.During the evaluation of the examinations, we made a statistical analysis using SPSS 9.0. We determined the average of measurements, the standard deviation of controls, the standard deviation, the significance value and we also performed a correlation analysis.Concerning the impacts of bentonite treatment and the treatment of livestock manure composted with bentonite on the examined microbiological features of sandy soil, we can summarize the following:• Our results prove that the microbiologic activity of the soil has increased owing to the impact of bentonite treatments regarding total number of bacteria and the quantity of microscopic fungi. ”Pure bentonite” treatments – although not significantly in every case – increased these values, but larger doses decreased them. The treatments of livestock manure composted with bentonite resulted in a larger increase regarding both parameters.• The number of cellulose-decomposing bacteria was increased by the low doses of both series, and was decreased by the higher doses. Higher bentonite doses decreased it in a higher – significant – degree than those of treatments of livestock manure composted with bentonite, whose low dose caused salient number of bacteria.• Regarding the carbon-dioxide formation, we have experienced an increase even in the case of low dose treatments (nevertheless, the increase did not prove to be significant), but – similarly to the quantitative changes in the number of cellulose-decomposing bacteria – the large doses of both series of treatment decreased the CO2-production of the soil.• Bentonite also increased the activity of saccharase enzyme significantly. We learned that”pure bentonite” treatments increased the activity of the enzyme to a higher degree than composted treatments. Moreover, it can be stated that the treatments of larger doses of both bentonite and livestock manure composted with bentonite have decreased the enzyme activity – not significantly, though.• Based on the correlation analysis, it can be stated that as an impact of the treatments, the microbiological activity of the soil has also increased with the increase of the number of soil microbes, as in both treatment series we have experienced a tight positive correlation (r=0.81-0.82) between the change of total number of bacteria and the CO2-production of soil. In both treatments, there was a medium correlation between the total number of fungi and soil respiration (r=0.63-0.63). Furthermore, it can be stated that the usage of organic manure had a positive effect on the activity of cellulose-decomposing bacteria, as in this treatment series there was a positive correlation (r=0.65) between this physiological group and CO2-production. Both treatments prosperously impacted the activity of saccharase enzyme, because there was a medium correlation (r=0.62-0.64) between the activity of the enzyme and soil respiration.
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Fitrah, Rahmi, Mokhammad Irfan, and Robbana Saragih. "ENUMERASI DAN ANALISIS BAKTERI TANAH DI HUTAN LARANGAN ADAT RUMBIO (Enumeration And Bacteria Analysis of Soil on The Larangan Adat Rumbio Forest)." JURNAL AGROTEKNOLOGI 8, no. 1 (2017): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.24014/ja.v8i1.3211.
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One of indicator of soil fertility is the population level of microbial in the soil. This research aims to determine the number of bacterial populations in the soil on yhe Larangan Adat Rumbi Forest with different levels of depth. This research has been carried out on January-February 2015 in the Laboratory of Pathology, Entomology and Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Sciences of State Islamic University of Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau. The method that was used namely observation method by taking soil samples on the Larangan Adat Rumbio Forest then calculated the number of colonies of bacteria and analyze the morphology of the bacteria that was obtained macroscopically and microscopically. Parameters measured were pH of soil, the population of bacteria, bacterial morphology, gram stain, and bacterial cell shape based on soil depth of 0-10 cm, 11-20 cm, 21-30 cm. Observations carried out two stages macroscopic and microscopic observation. The results showed the soil pH on the Larangan Adat Rumbio Forest was 4,11. Total population of bacteria at depth of 0-10 cm namely 3,0 x 109 CFU, then at a depth of 11-20 cm namely of 2,2 x 109 CFU and at depth of 21-30 cm namely 1,6 x 108 CFU. The Results of purification of culture was obtained six isolat two coccus and four bacil consisting of five gram negative bacteria and one gram positive. Need to do further research on bacteria identification to genus or species level.
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ZHENG, Chunli, Hongkai LIAO, and Chenglong TU. "Global trends of antibiotics research: comparison using network analysis to map the tendencies of antibiotics in water, soil and sediment." Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 112, no. 1 (2021): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755691021000189.
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ABSTRACTAntibiotic residues have entered into the environment owing to the unreasonable use and disposal of antibiotics. The emergence of antibiotic resistance poses a huge threat to ecosystems and human health. In this study, the network analysis method was used to compare publications on antibiotics in water, soil and sediment from the aspects of countries, institutes, journals, subject categories and keywords based on Web of Science Core Collection. The results indicated that the United States of America and China had dominant positions of studies on antibiotics. The Chinese Academy of Sciences published the most articles on antibiotic research. ‘Chemosphere’, ‘Science of the Total Environment’, ‘Environmental Science and Technology’ and ‘Applied and Environmental Microbiology’ all appeared in the top six journals. ‘Environmental Sciences and Ecology’ was the core subject category of antibiotic research. Further analysis results depicted that ‘Antibiotics’, ‘Tetracycline’ and ‘Antibiotic Resistance’ were found as the research hotspots. Tetracycline and oxytetracycline all showed in the top 50 keywords of antibiotics research in water, soil and sediment. However, chlortetracycline, sulfadiazine and tylosin all emerged only in the top 50 keywords of antibiotics study in soil. In future, more attention should be paid to antibiotic resistance genes and antibiotic resistance bacteria in antibiotics research.
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Song, Ling, Julia Drewer, Bo Zhu, et al. "The impact of atmospheric N deposition and N fertilizer type on soil nitric oxide and nitrous oxide fluxes from agricultural and forest Eutric Regosols." Biology and Fertility of Soils 56, no. 7 (2020): 1077–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00374-020-01485-6.
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Abstract Agricultural and forest soils with low organic C content and high alkalinity were studied over 17 days to investigate the potential response of the atmospheric pollutant nitric oxide (NO) and the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O) on (1) increased N deposition rates to forest soil; (2) different fertilizer types to agricultural soil and (3) a simulated rain event to forest and agricultural soils. Cumulative forest soil NO emissions (148–350 ng NO-N g−1) were ~ 4 times larger than N2O emissions (37–69 ng N2O-N g−1). Contrary, agricultural soil NO emissions (21–376 ng NO-N g−1) were ~ 16 times smaller than N2O emissions (45–8491 ng N2O-N g−1). Increasing N deposition rates 10 fold to 30 kg N ha−1 yr−1, doubled soil NO emissions and NO3− concentrations. As such high N deposition rates are not atypical in China, more attention should be paid on forest soil NO research. Comparing the fertilizers urea, ammonium nitrate, and urea coated with the urease inhibitor ‘Agrotain®,’ demonstrated that the inhibitor significantly reduced NO and N2O emissions. This is an unintended, not well-known benefit, because the primary function of Agrotain® is to reduce emissions of the atmospheric pollutant ammonia. Simulating a climate change event, a large rainfall after drought, increased soil NO and N2O emissions from both agricultural and forest soils. Such pulses of emissions can contribute significantly to annual NO and N2O emissions, but currently do not receive adequate attention amongst the measurement and modeling communities.
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Webster, Gordon, T. Martin Embley та James I. Prosser. "Grassland Management Regimens Reduce Small-Scale Heterogeneity and Species Diversity of β-Proteobacterial Ammonia Oxidizer Populations". Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68, № 1 (2002): 20–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.68.1.20-30.2002.
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ABSTRACT The impact of soil management practices on ammonia oxidizer diversity and spatial heterogeneity was determined in improved (addition of N fertilizer), unimproved (no additions), and semi-improved (intermediate management) grassland pastures at the Sourhope Research Station in Scotland. Ammonia oxidizer diversity within each grassland soil was assessed by PCR amplification of microbial community DNA with both ammonia oxidizer-specific, 16S rRNA gene (rDNA) and functional, amoA, gene primers. PCR products were analysed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, phylogenetic analysis of partial 16S rDNA and amoA sequences, and hybridization with ammonia oxidizer-specific oligonucleotide probes. Ammonia oxidizer populations in unimproved soils were more diverse than those in improved soils and were dominated by organisms representing Nitrosospira clusters 1 and 3 and Nitrosomonas cluster 7 (closely related phylogenetically to Nitrosomonas europaea). Improved soils were only dominated by Nitrosospira cluster 3 and Nitrosomonas cluster 7. These differences were also reflected in functional gene (amoA) diversity, with amoA gene sequences of both Nitrosomonas and Nitrosospira species detected. Replicate 0.5-g samples of unimproved soil demonstrated significant spatial heterogeneity in 16S rDNA-defined ammonia oxidizer clusters, which was reflected in heterogeneity in ammonium concentration and pH. Heterogeneity in soil characteristics and ammonia oxidizer diversity were lower in improved soils. The results therefore demonstrate significant effects of soil management on diversity and heterogeneity of ammonia oxidizer populations that are related to similar changes in relevant soil characteristics.
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Ustroev, Anatoliy A., and Evgeniy A. Murzaev. "Efficiency of using seeder crops for uncomplacing soil in the technology of cultivation of potato." Agrarian science, no. 11-12 (January 20, 2021): 101–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2020-343-11-101-104.
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Relevance. The formation of the potato yield, along with a balanced diet, is significantly influenced by the physical condition of the soil, namely the hardness of the soil. As a basic option for soil decompaction, a technological method of soil cultivation to a depth of up to 40 cm using chiselless tools is currently used. As an alternative, biological means of soil decompaction can be used by introducing fields occupied by green manure crops into the crop rotation during the entire field season. The purpose of the research is to assess the effectiveness of a new technological method of soil decompaction, which consists in the use of green manure crops in potato crop rotation.Materials and methods. Experimental studies were carried out from June to August 2019 on the experimental field of the IAEP in the crop rotation of growing organic potatoes. The previous cultivation was autumn plowing of the field from under perennial grasses. Yellow mustard was used as a green manure — a fast-growing one-year green manure crop.Results. The results of experimental studies of the influence of sowing green manure (yellow mustard) on the change in soil hardness in a fallow field in a potato crop rotation are presented. The high efficiency of the studied biological method of soil decompaction was established, providing a decrease in hardness in the zone where the “plow sole” was previously noted from 4.8 to 2.5 MPa.
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Schulz, S., R. Brankatschk, A. Dümig, I. Kögel-Knabner, M. Schloter, and J. Zeyer. "The role of microorganisms at different stages of ecosystem development for soil formation." Biogeosciences 10, no. 6 (2013): 3983–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-3983-2013.
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Abstract. Soil formation is the result of a complex network of biological as well as chemical and physical processes. The role of soil microbes is of high interest, since they are responsible for most biological transformations and drive the development of stable and labile pools of carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and other nutrients, which facilitate the subsequent establishment of plant communities. Forefields of receding glaciers provide unique chronosequences of different soil development stages and are ideal ecosystems to study the interaction of bacteria, fungi and archaea with their abiotic environment. In this review we give insights into the role of microbes for soil development. The results presented are based on studies performed within the Collaborative Research Program DFG SFB/TRR 38 (http://www.tu-cottbus.de/ecosystem ) and are supplemented by data from other studies. The review focusses on the microbiology of major steps of soil formation. Special attention is given to the development of nutrient cycles on the formation of biological soil crusts (BSCs) and on the establishment of plant–microbe interactions.