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Journal articles on the topic 'Soil moisture regime'
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DIONNE, J. L., A. R. PESANT, and G. M. BARNETT. "EFFETS DE LA FUMURE POTASSIQUE ET DES RÉGIMES HYDRIQUES SUR LA RÉPONSE AU POTASSIUM DE LA LUZERNE ET DE LA FLÉOLE DES PRÉS." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 67, no. 4 (November 1, 1987): 811–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss87-078.
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The objectives of this study were to determine the changes in yield response and water use efficiency of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. 'Saranac') and timothy (Phleum pratense L. 'Climax') to potassium applications and variations in soil moisture regimes. For each of the two test crops the factorial combination of the following treatments were replicated three times: three soils (Ste Rosalie clay, Greensboro loam, and Danby sandy loam), potassium (0, 25, 50 and 100 mg K kg−1 of dry soil) and three moisture levels: (1) optimal, 70–100% of available water (AW); (2) semi-dry, 0–100% AW; and (3) dry, 0–50% AW. Yield increases of 68% for alfalfa and 40% for timothy were produced by potassium applied to soil under the optimal moisture regime with almost no yield increase under dry soil moisture conditions. Water use efficiency was higher for alfalfa than for timothy, and increased with rates of potassium on Greensboro loam and Danby sandy loam but not on Ste Rosalie clay. Potassium content of alfalfa was lower when grown at optimal soil moisture than in the dry regime. Differences in potassium content between moisture regimes were small for timothy. Due to higher yields, potassium uptake by alfalfa was greater when soils were cropped at optimal moisture. However, less exchangeable potassium was found after the experiment in soils cropped to alfalfa in the optimal moisture regime than in soils under the dry moisture regime. Therefore potassium fertilizer was most effective at the optimal moisture level (near field capacity). Key words: Potassium fertilization, exchangeable potassium, soil moisture regime, potassium uptake, alfalfa, timothy
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Tejedor, M., C. C. Jiménez, and F. Díaz. "Soil Moisture Regime Changes in Tephra-Mulched Soils." Soil Science Society of America Journal 66, no. 1 (2002): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2002.0202.
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Tejedor, M., C. C. Jiménez, and F. Díaz. "Soil Moisture Regime Changes in Tephra-Mulched Soils." Soil Science Society of America Journal 66, no. 1 (January 2002): 202–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2002.2020.
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Wang, G. Geoff, Shongming Huang, Robert A. Monserud, and Ryan J. Klos. "Lodgepole pine site index in relation to synoptic measures of climate, soil moisture and soil nutrients." Forestry Chronicle 80, no. 6 (December 1, 2004): 678–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc80678-6.
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Lodgepole pine site index was examined in relation to synoptic measures of topography, soil moisture, and soil nutrients in Alberta. Data came from 214 lodgepole pine-dominated stands sampled as a part of the provincial permanent sample plot program. Spatial location (elevation, latitude, and longitude) and natural subregions (NSRs) were topographic variables that might be considered as synoptic measures of climate. Soil moisture regimes (SMRs) were used as synoptic measures of soil moisture supply. Soil nutrient regimes (SNRs) were used as synoptic measures of soil nutrient supply. Simple measures of geographic location (elevation, latitude, longitude) carried the most predictive power, explaining between 33% and 37% of the variation. Site index decreased with elevation, increased with latitude, and had a quadratic relationship with longitude. The Lower Foothills NSR had higher site index (16.1 m) than the Upper Foothills (14.0 m), Montane (11.8 m) and Subalpine (10.3 m) NSRs. Soil moisture regime variables were not significant. Soil nutrient regime variables were also not important, although one was significant in conjunction with elevation, latitude, and longitude (41% explained variation). Standard errors of estimate ranged between 2.64 and 2.94 m for the various synoptic models. Interaction terms between synoptic variables were examined but were found to be non-significant. Key words: site index, climate regime, soil moisture regime, soil nutrient regime, Pinus contorta
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Schwingshackl, Clemens, Martin Hirschi, and Sonia I. Seneviratne. "Quantifying Spatiotemporal Variations of Soil Moisture Control on Surface Energy Balance and Near-Surface Air Temperature." Journal of Climate 30, no. 18 (August 8, 2017): 7105–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-16-0727.1.
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Abstract Soil moisture plays a crucial role for the energy partitioning at Earth’s surface. Changing fractions of latent and sensible heat fluxes caused by soil moisture variations can affect both near-surface air temperature and precipitation. In this study, a simple framework for the dependence of evaporative fraction (the ratio of latent heat flux over net radiation) on soil moisture is used to analyze spatial and temporal variations of land–atmosphere coupling and its effect on near-surface air temperature. Using three different data sources (two reanalysis datasets and one combination of different datasets), three key parameters for the relation between soil moisture and evaporative fraction are estimated: 1) the frequency of occurrence of different soil moisture regimes, 2) the sensitivity of evaporative fraction to soil moisture in the transitional soil moisture regime, and 3) the critical soil moisture value that separates soil moisture- and energy-limited evapotranspiration regimes. The results show that about 30%–60% (depending on the dataset) of the global land area is in the transitional regime during at least half of the year. Based on the identification of transitional regimes, the effect of changes in soil moisture on near-surface air temperature is analyzed. Typical soil moisture variations (standard deviation) can impact air temperature by up to 1.1–1.3 K, while changing soil moisture over its full range in the transitional regime can alter air temperature by up to 6–7 K. The results emphasize the role of soil moisture for atmosphere and climate and constitute a useful benchmark for the evaluation of the respective relationships in Earth system models.
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Gomez Diaz, Jesus David, Alejandro I. Monterroso, Patricia Ruiz, Lizeth M. Lechuga, Ana Cecilia Conde Álvarez, and Carlos Asensio. "Soil moisture regimes in Mexico in a global 1.5°C warming scenario." International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management 11, no. 4 (August 19, 2019): 465–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijccsm-08-2018-0062.
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Purpose This study aims to present the climate change effect on soil moisture regimes in Mexico in a global 1.5°C warming scenario. Design/methodology/approach The soil moisture regimes were determined using the Newhall simulation model with the database of mean monthly precipitation and temperature at a scale of 1: 250,000 for the current scenario and with the climate change scenarios associated with a mean global temperature increase of 1.5°C, considering two Representative Concentration Pathways, 4.5 and 8.5 W/m2 and three general models of atmospheric circulation, namely, GFDL, HADGEM and MPI. The different vegetation types of the country were related to the soil moisture regimes for current conditions and for climate change. Findings According to the HADGEM and MPI models, almost the entire country is predicted to undergo a considerable increase in soil moisture deficit, and part of the areas of each moisture regime will shift to the next drier regime. The GFDL model also predicts this trend but at smaller proportions. Originality/value The changes in soil moisture at the regional scale that reveal the impacts of climate change and indicate where these changes will occur are important elements of the knowledge concerning the vulnerability of soils to climate change. New cartography is available in Mexico.
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Becker-Heidmann, Peter, Olaf Andresen, Dov Kalmar, Hans-Wilhelm Scharpenseel, and Dan H. Yaalon. "Carbon Dynamics in Vertisols as Revealed by High-Resolution Sampling." Radiocarbon 44, no. 1 (2002): 63–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200064687.
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Two Vertisol soil profiles under xeric soil moisture regimes, located at Qedma and Akko, Israel, were investigated and compared to a profile under ustic moisture regime, located in Hyderabad, India. Samples were taken in complete successive 2 cm thin layers down to about 180 cm depth or more. Organic and inorganic carbon were analyzed with regard to 13C and 14C concentrations. While all soils have radiocarbon ages of several thousand years BP, the depth distributions reveal substantial differences between the soil carbon dynamics. 14C and, less pronounced, δ13C clearly reflect the pedoturbation process. Further, its strength is found to be related to mainly soil moisture regime, then clay content and land use. In one soil, a change of growing from C4 to C3 crops in the past can be concluded from the δ13C depth distribution.
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DIONNE, J. L., A. R. PESANT, G. M. BARNETT, and W. N. MASON. "EFFETS DES RÉGIMES THERMIQUES ET HYDRIQUES, DES pH DU SOL ET DE LA FUMURE PHOSPHATÉE SUR LA RÉPONSE AU PHOSPHORE DE LA LUZERNE." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 69, no. 4 (October 1, 1989): 1149–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps89-138.
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The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of phosphorus application, air temperature, soil moisture regime and soil pH on the yield response of, and soil phosphorus availability to, alfalfa (Medicago sativa L ’Saranac’). The following treatments were used in factorial combination: three moisture regimes: (1) semi-dry, with soil moisture between FC (100% of available water or field capacity) and WP (0% of available water or wilting point), (2) optimal, between FC and 70% of available water, (3) wet, between saturation point and FC; three rates of phosphorus in the form of disodium phosphate (0, 12.5 and 25.0 P kg−1 of dry soil; and three soil pH levels: original (5.2 or 5.7), 6.5 and 7.5. Half of the alfalfa was grown in a warm greenhouse section with a minimum daytime temperature of 25 °C and 19 °C at night and the other half in a cool section with a daytime minimum of 15 °C and 9 °C at night. Although shoot yields were higher under warm than under cool conditions, yield response to phosphorus was greater under cool than warm growing conditions. Yield increases due to phosphorus were linear under optimum and wet soil moisture regimes and nonsignificant under the semi-dry regime. Phosphorus application increased root weight by 18% under the cool regime compared to 14% in the warm greenhouse. Phosphorus uptake by alfalfa increased with increasing rates of soil-applied P, except in semi-dry soils at warm temperature, where no effect of P on P uptake was recorded. Phosphorus uptake increased significantly with soil pH and was higher under warm temperature and optimal water regime.Key words: Phosphorus fertilization, available phosphorus, alfalfa, soil moisture regime, air temperature, phosphorus uptake
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Childs, CW, and B. Clayden. "On the definition and identification of aquic soil moisture regimes." Soil Research 24, no. 2 (1986): 311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9860311.
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The definition of an aquic soil moisture regime given in Soil Taxonomy is difficult to understand and, in places, ambiguous. The essence of the definition as written, however, is the requirement for reducing conditions. A soil which is saturated with groundwater or with capillary fringe water may, or may not, have an aquic moisture regime. Reducing conditions are defined in Soil Taxonomy in relation to the virtual absence of dissolved oxygen, though morphological criteria for the differentiation of soil classes are based on the reduction and segregation of iron. The absence of requirements relating to duration of reducing conditions, or to the thickness of reduced soil, suggests that the definition was intended to apply to soil material rather than to a pedon. The aquic moisture regime has a particular depth connotation only when it is applied to the differentiation of soil classes. A simple field test, based on the complexing agent �,�-dipyridyl, is useful for the identification of ferrous ions in soil solutions and hence is potentially useful in the recognition of aquic moisture regimes. The sensitivity of this test limits its usefulness to those soils which contain more than about 0.5% free iron (i.e. iron which can be solubilised as iron(II) under reducing conditions as measured by extraction with dithionite reagent).
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Prax, Alois, and Milan Palát. "Soil moisture regime of South-Moravian floodplains." River Systems 9, no. 3-4 (February 12, 1996): 513–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/lr/9/1996/513.
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Tužinský, L. "Regime and dynamics of soil moisture in forest ecosystems of Záhorská lowland." Journal of Forest Science 52, No. 3 (January 9, 2012): 108–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4492-jfs.
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The paper describes the regime and dynamics of the soil moisture content of sandy soils in Záhorská lowland during different growing seasons. Research plots are situated near Kamenný mlyn, approximately 3 km from Plavecký Štvrtok and 8 km southward from the town of Malacky. Changes in the soil moisture content are described by soil moisture constants (MCC, PDA, WP) and its relation to atmospheric precipitation and to the character of undergrowth is shown. The low water-holding capacity of sandy soils and their high drainage together with dense root system do not allow the sufficient saturation of soil during the growing season. The low wilting point value (2%) leads to the consumption of all available water in the soil. The most frequent is the semiarid interval of soil moisture (PDA –WP) with reduced availability of water to plants (> pF 3.1). The arid interval (< WP) occurrence on hot summer days results in a decrease in transpiration and assimilation intensity of plants, their physiological weakening and premature fall of assimilation organs.
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Nikitin, A. N., O. A. Shurankova, I. A. Cheshyk, H. A. Leferd, Ya V. Mishchenko, E. V. Zhukovskaya, and D. V. Sukhareva. "Experimental assessment of influence of soil moisture on the 137Cs accumulation in shoots of spring wheat." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Biological Series 65, no. 2 (May 16, 2020): 229–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1029-8940-2020-65-2-229-238.
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The aim of this research was to analyze the effect of soil moisture regime on the intensity of 137Cs transfer into cereals using spring wheat as a model species. Accumulation of 137Cs in shoots of spring wheat grown on soil substrates differ by water and nutrients content was analyzed. The investigated water regimes were 40 % (insufficient moisture supply), 70 % (optimal moisture supply) and 85 % (excessive moisture supply) of full moisture capacity of the soils; substrates with optimal and low content of essential mineral nutrients were used in the experiment. The plants were grown in a chamber with controlled climate conditions. Increasing water content in the soil from 40 to 85 % of the total moisture capacity significantly reduces the 137Cs content in plants. The shape of the relationship between soil moisture and the soil-to-plant transfer of 137Cs depends on the agrochemical characteristics of the soil. The difference in the radioisotope accumulation in the shoots of wheat grown on extreme water regimes is about four times when substrate with optimum content of nutrients was used. The difference is less than two times when substrate with a low content of essential nutrients was used; moreover, there are no differences between the 70 and 85 % variants on a substrate with low content of nutrients. The revealed dependencies cannot be explained by the change in the share of bioavailable forms of 137Cs in the soil since it does not significantly change in soils with different moisture regimes.
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Newsom, Larry J., and David R. Shaw. "Soybean (Glycine max) Response to Chlorimuron and Imazaquin as Influenced by Soil Moisture." Weed Technology 6, no. 2 (June 1992): 389–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00034928.
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Field experiments were conducted in 1989 and 1990 to evaluate differential soybean cultivar tolerance to chlorimuron and imazaquin applied PPI, as influenced by soil moisture. Natural rainfall was supplemented with irrigation to achieve three moisture regimes: low (nonirrigated), optimum (5 cm wk–1), and excessive (15 cm wk–1). Imazaquin at 140 g ai ha–1did not adversely affect height or yield of cultivars under any of the moisture regimes. Excessive moisture, regardless of herbicide treatment, reduced height and yield with many of the cultivars. Chlorimuron at 80 g ai ha–1caused additional plant height reductions of 8 cm or more with ‘Asgrow 5403% ‘Asgrow 5979’, ‘Coker 686’, ‘Asgrow 6785’, ‘Hartz 6686’, and 'Sharkey’ in the excessive moisture regime, and yield was reduced 450 kg ha–1or more with ‘Hutcheson’, ‘Terra-Vig 515’, Coker 686, Asgrow 6785, and Hartz 6686. Chlorimuron in the optimum moisture regime reduced the height of Coker 686 and ‘Deltapine 566’ 10 and 11 cm, respectively; however, no yield reductions were noted.
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Mollard, Federico P. O., and Pedro Insausti. "Soil moisture conditions affect the sensitivity ofBromus catharticusdormant seeds to light and the emergence pattern of seedlings." Seed Science Research 19, no. 2 (June 2009): 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960258509301087.
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AbstractThe soil moisture regime may affect dormancy of seeds and their sensitivity to signals that promote germination. We studied the effect of moisture regime on the sensitivity to light of dormantBromus catharticusseeds, and on the emergence pattern of seedlings. Seeds were incubated under continuously hydrated, continuously dehydrated, or fluctuating moisture regimes in a controlled environment (25°C, darkness) for 2 months. After moisture treatments, seeds were exposed to red or far-red light pulses, or to darkness, to determine germinability. In addition, grassland mesocosms with intact seed bank and vegetation were irrigated or subjected to a drought regime in a glasshouse at summer temperatures. After 2 months, the temperature was reduced to correspond to grassland temperatures in autumn; the canopy was removed and half of the mesocosms were covered with filters that exclude red light. Density ofB. catharticusseedlings was evaluated after 2 weeks. Dormancy decreased in continuously hydrated seeds but they still required red light for germination. In contrast, an important fraction of seeds that experienced continuously dehydrated or fluctuating moisture regimes germinated in darkness or after far-red light pulses. In the mesocosms that had experienced a soil drought, a higher density of seedlings emerged in the absence of red light than in the daily irrigated mesocosms. This indicates that a fraction ofB. catharticusseeds acquired the capability to germinate under the canopy, especially in the drought moisture regime. Results indicate that the soil moisture environment experienced during dormancy affects the sensitivity to light ofB. catharticusseeds, as well as the emergence pattern of seedlings.
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Akbar, Ruzbeh, Daniel J. Short Gianotti, Kaighin A. McColl, Erfan Haghighi, Guido D. Salvucci, and Dara Entekhabi. "Estimation of Landscape Soil Water Losses from Satellite Observations of Soil Moisture." Journal of Hydrometeorology 19, no. 5 (May 1, 2018): 871–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-17-0200.1.
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Abstract This study presents an observation-driven technique to delineate the dominant boundaries and temporal shifts between different hydrologic regimes over the contiguous United States (CONUS). The energy- and water-limited evapotranspiration regimes as well as percolation to the subsurface are hydrologic processes that dominate the loss of stored water in the soil following precipitation events. Surface soil moisture estimates from the NASA Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission, over three consecutive summer seasons, are used to estimate the soil water loss function. Based on analysis of the rates of soil moisture dry-downs, the loss function is the conditional expectation of negative increments in the soil moisture series conditioned on soil moisture itself. An unsupervised classification scheme (with cross validation) is then implemented to categorize regions according to their dominant hydrological regimes based on their estimated loss functions. An east–west divide in hydrologic regimes over CONUS is observed with large parts of the western United States exhibiting a strong water-limited evapotranspiration regime during most of the times. The U.S. Midwest and Great Plains show transitional behavior with both water- and energy-limited regimes present. Year-to-year shifts in hydrologic regimes are also observed along with regional anomalies due to moderate drought conditions or above-average precipitation. The approach is based on remotely sensed surface soil moisture (approximately top 5 cm) at a resolution of tens of kilometers in the presence of soil texture and land cover heterogeneity. The classification therefore only applies to landscape-scale effective conditions and does not directly account for deeper soil water storage.
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Petit, Hélène V., A. R. Pesant, G. M. Barnett, W. N. Mason, and J. L. Dionne. "Quality and morphological characteristics of alfalfa as affected by soil moisture, pH and phosphorus fertilization." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 72, no. 1 (January 1, 1992): 147–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps92-015.
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Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. ’Saranac’) was grown in a greenhouse on Ste-Rosalie clay and Danby gravelly sandy loam to determine the effects of phosphorus fertilization, air temperature, soil moisture regime and soil pH on chemical composition and plant morphology. The following treatments were applied in factorial combination: three moisture regimes (1, semi-dry, with soil moisture between field capacity or 100% of available water and wilting point or 0% of available water; 2, optimal, between field capacity and 70% of available water; 3, wet, between saturation point and field capacity), three rates of phosphorus in the form of disodium phosphate (0, 12.5 and 25.0 P kg−1 of dry soil) and three soil pH levels (natural, near 5.4, 6.5 and 7.5). Half the alfalfa was grown in a warm greenhouse section with a minimum daytime temperature of 25 °C and 19 °C at night and the other half was grown in a cool section with a daytime minimum of 15 °C and 9 °C at night. Quality of alfalfa was generally improved by water deficit as shown by decreased concentrations of acid detergent fiber (ADF) and acid detergent lignin (ADL) and increased concentrations of crude protein (CP). Cold temperatures decreased ADF content which indicates that quality of alfalfa grown under cold compared to warm temperature regimes is better. Phosphorus fertilization seemed to have more effects on plant morphology and quality under cold than warm temperature regimes. In general, concentrations of CP, ADF and ADL, stem length, leaf area and the number of stems increased in parallel with soil pH. The data indicate that low temperature and low soil moisture regimes were generally associated with higher quality alfalfa than were high temperature and wet soil moisture regimes.Key words: Alfalfa, soil moisture regime, air temperature, phosphorus fertilization, soil pH
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Officer, S. J., R. D. Armstrong, and R. M. Norton. "Plant availability of phosphorus from fluid fertiliser is maintained under soil moisture deficit in non-calcareous soils of south-eastern Australia." Soil Research 47, no. 1 (2009): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr08090.
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Low soil moisture and phosphorus (P) deficiencies restrict grain production in south-eastern Australia. The effect of the soil moisture regime on the plant availability of P from fluid mono-ammonium phosphate (MAP) fertiliser was examined during vegetative growth of wheat and canola in P-responsive soils from the Wimmera, Mallee, and high rainfall zone (Glenelg) regions of Victoria. Three plant growth experiments were performed. In Experiment 1, wheat growth and P uptake increased synergistically as soil moisture increased above permanent wilting point (PWP) and as P rate increased. In Experiment 2, the uptake of P from MAP fertiliser of wheat growing under a soil moisture deficit was examined using radioactive (32P) labelling. A factorial design compared uptake from intact soil cores of 3 soil types (Vertosol, Sodosol, Chromosol), 2 depths of fertiliser placement (40 and 80 mm), and either 0 or 25 kg P/ha. Results showed distinct plant responses to both the presence and depth of MAP fertiliser. Banding MAP close to the seed was most efficient in terms of recovery of the fertiliser P, regardless of the soil moisture conditions. Soil moisture regime affected the plant uptake of soil P, rather than fertiliser P, with more soil P taken up by the plants when soil moisture increased. The plant availability of the residual MAP fertiliser in the soil was subsequently examined in Experiment 3. The availability of the residual MAP to canola seedlings was equivalent to 8 kg P/ha of freshly applied MAP. Following both crops (9 months), Colwell P values indicated no further residual MAP availability in soil that had been under the wet regime, and only a small residual value in soil from the dry regime. Banded application of fluid MAP close to the seed and into soil that is above PWP is recommended, even when a relatively dry season is expected, although the residual value to following crops may be limited.
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Domfeh, O., and N. C. Gudmestad. "Effect of Soil Moisture Management on the Development of Potato mop-top virus-Induced Tuber Necrosis." Plant Disease 100, no. 2 (February 2016): 418–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-05-15-0590-re.
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Potato mop-top virus (PMTV), transmitted by Spongospora subterranea f. sp. subterranea, the causal agent of powdery scab in potato, has become one of the most important tuber necrosis viruses in the United States. The virus has been confirmed in six major potato-producing states in the United States since its identification in 2003. Currently, no control methods are available for PMTV or its vector. A growth-chamber experiment was conducted to investigate the potential of using moisture regime adjustments to manage tuber necrosis caused by PMTV. Two commercial potato cultivars with varying levels of sensitivity to PMTV, ‘Dakota Crisp’ and ‘Ivory Crisp’, were grown in soil obtained from a PMTV-infested field. Over the course of the plant growth cycle, plants of each cultivar were subjected to moisture regimes of wet throughout (WT), wet early/dry late (WEDL), dry early/wet late (DEWL), and dry throughout (DT). Soil moisture levels of 90 and 60% field capacity were considered wet and dry, respectively, while early and late refer to first and last 50 days after planting, respectively. Results of visual assessment conducted 3 months after storage showed significant differences in root gall formation, powdery scab on tubers, and PMTV tuber necrosis among moisture regimes. Powdery scab incidence was significantly higher in the WT and DEWL regimes than WEDL and DT regimes. PMTV tuber necrosis incidence did not differ between the WT and DEWL or between DEWL and WEDL moisture regimes. However, PMTV tuber necrosis incidence was significantly higher in WT than under WEDL and DT regimes. The incidence of PMTV tuber necrosis was significantly lower in the DT regime than in the other three moisture regimes. Severity of PMTV tuber necrosis was significantly higher in the WT than the other regimes, which did not differ statistically among themselves. A significant interaction was found between cultivar and moisture regime on root gall formation, with the highest number of galls found on Ivory Crisp grown in the WT moisture regime. A significant correlation was found between powdery scab incidence on tubers and PMTV-induced tuber necrosis incidence. The results of this study provide useful basic information upon which further work can be built for formulating irrigation management schemes that have the potential of reducing the likelihood of powdery scab infection and PMTV-induced tuber necrosis development in potato.
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Siam, Hanan, Saleh A.L., Abd El-Moez M.R., Holah S.H, and Abou Zeid S.T. "Influence of different moisture regimes and n-fertilization on electrochemical changes and some nutrients in the leachate solution during growing period of rice plants." International Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 4, no. 3 (July 1, 2015): 303. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijbas.v4i3.3745.
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<p>A pot experiment was conducted in the greenhouse of NRC, Dokki, Giza, Egypt, using clay loam soil to study the effect of different moisture regimes (M1, M2 and M3) and fertilizer treatment(F0, F1, F2, F3, and F4) on electrochemical change and concentration of some nutrients in the leachate solution during growing period of rice plant (variety Sakha 102).</p><p>The important results could be summarized in the follows: PH values showed the highest decreases under all the fertilizer treatments when the moisture regime of M1 was used followed by M2 and M3 in descending order. Furthermore, pH values showed higher decreases when the fertilizer treatment of F3 was used followed by F4, F2, F1 and F0 in decreasing order.</p><p>Under all soil moisture regimes and fertilizer treatment Eh values sharply decreased during the 12 days after starting (DAS), then they decreased to the lowest values at 24 DAS. The soil moisture regimes decreased Eh values in soil solution during the growth period of rice plants. The highest decreases were obtained under soil moisture of M1 followed by M2 and M3 in descending order. The greatest decreases of Eh values were obtained by using the fertilizer treatment of F3 followed by F4, F2, F1 and F0 in descending order.</p><p>Results showed that , P, K+, Fe++ and Mn++ concentrations in soil solution were higher in the early stages of rice plans and reached a peak at 24 days after staring (DAS), then the concentrations of all the studied nutrients gradually decreased with increasing the growth period.</p><p>Inorganic N-fertilizer treatments (F1 and F2) gave higher nutrients concentrations under all soil moisture regimes as compared with N-organic fertilizer treatment alone (F4). Combination of organic and inorganic fertilizer (F3) gave the higher nutrients concentration in the leachate solutions followed by fertilizer treatments of F2, F1, F4 and F0 in decreasing order.</p><p>The highest values of , P, K+, Fe++ and Mn++ concentrations were obtained at 24 days after starting (DAS) by using the fertilizer treatment of F3 under soil moisture regime of M1 (F3 M1¬) followed by F3M2 and F3M3 in decreasing order, while the lowest values were obtained at 72DAS under soil moisture regime of M3 and unfertilized treatment F0 (M3F0).</p>
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Tužinský, Ladislav, Eduard Bublinec, and Marek Tužinský. "Development of soil water regime under spruce stands." Folia Oecologica 44, no. 1 (June 27, 2017): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/foecol-2017-0006.
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AbstractThe aim of this paper is to analyse the water regime of soils under spruce ecosystems in relation to long-lasting humid and drought periods in the growing seasons 1991-2013. The dominant interval humidity in observing growing seasons is semiuvidic interval with soil moisture between hydro-limits maximal capillary capacity (MCC) and point of diminished availability (PDA). Gravitationally seepage concentrated from accumulated winter season, water from melting snow and existing atmospheric precipitation occurs in the soil only at the beginning of the growing season. The supplies of soil water are significantly decreasing in the warm climate and precipitant deficient days. The greatest danger from drought threatens Norway spruce during the summer months and it depends on the duration of dry days, water supply at the beginning of the dry days, air temperature and the intensity of evapotranspiration. In the surface layers of the soil, with the maximum occurrence of active roots, the water in semiarid interval area between hydro-limits PDA and wilting point (WP) decreases during the summer months. In the culminating phase occurs the drying to moisture state with capillary stationary and the insufficient supply of available water for the plants. Physiological weakening of Norway spruce caused by set of outlay components of the water balance is partially reduced by delivering of water by capillary action from deeper horizons. In extremely dry periods, soil moisture is decreasing also throughout the soil profile (0-100 cm) into the bottom third of the variation margin hydro-limits MCC-PDA in the category of capillary less moving and for plants of low supply of usable water (60-90 mm). The issue of deteriorated health state of spruce ecosystems is considered to be actual. Changes and developments of hydropedological conditions which interfere the mountain forests represent the increasing danger of the drought for the spruce.
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Brais, Suzanne, and Claude Camiré. "Keys for soil moisture regime evaluation for northwestern Quebec." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 22, no. 5 (May 1, 1992): 718–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x92-096.
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Soil moisture regime is an important component of forest land classification at the local level, and in Quebec, it is a criterion for many decisions concerning forestry activities. To facilitate consistent evaluation of soil moisture regime, dichotomous keys were developed for the Abitibi–Temiscamingue region of northwestern Quebec using topographic and edaphic variables and a nonparametric discriminant classification procedure. Probability of correctly classifying a new observation ranges between 63 and 71%, whereas 98–99% of the observations are classified in their moisture class of origin or in an adjacent class.
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Miller, M. Ryan, and Jason K. Norsworthy. "Influence of Soil Moisture on Absorption, Translocation, and Metabolism of Florpyrauxifen-benzyl." Weed Science 66, no. 4 (June 7, 2018): 418–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/wsc.2018.21.
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AbstractFlorpyrauxifen-benzyl is a new active ingredient that represents an additional tool in rice (Oryza sativaL.) weed control by providing an alternative mechanism of action. Studies were conducted to evaluate soil moisture influences on florpyrauxifen-benzyl absorption, translocation, and metabolism in three problematic weeds. In the absorption/translocation study, barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crus-galli(L.) P. Beauv.], hemp sesbania [Sesbania herbacea(Mill.) McVaugh], and yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentusL.) were treated with [14C]florpyrauxifen-benzyl under two soil moisture regimes (7.5% and 60% field capacity). Greater absorption occurred under moist conditions (60% soil moisture content). More translocation of the herbicide to the area above the treated leaf occurred under moist versus dry soil across all weed species.Sesbania herbaceatranslocated 25% of the absorbed herbicide above the treated leaf, a result greater than that of the other two weed species at 60% soil moisture. However, no differences in translocation occurred among the weed species at the 7.5% soil moisture regime. In the metabolism study, 95% of the herbicide recovered was in its acid form under the high soil moisture regime forS. herbacea, a species that shows extreme sensitivity to even low doses of this herbicide, and soil moisture influenced the amount of acid form found in all species. While these data provide a limited view into the physiological processes being affected, they do suggest that forE. crus-galli,S. herbacea, andC. esculentus, soil moisture content in the field will likely play a significant role in absorption, translocation, and metabolism of florpyrauxifen-benzyl.
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Zhao, Can, Mengyun Chen, Xiaofeng Li, Qigen Dai, Ke Xu, Baowei Guo, Yajie Hu, Weiling Wang, and Zhongyang Huo. "Effects of Soil Types and Irrigation Modes on Rice Root Morphophysiological Traits and Grain Quality." Agronomy 11, no. 1 (January 10, 2021): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11010120.
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Soil moisture plays an important role in rice (Oryza sativa L.) root development and grain quality. However, little is known about the effects of soil type on rice root morphophysiological traits (RMTs) and grain quality under different irrigation modes. A soil-grown experiment was conducted during the 2016–2017 rice growing seasons in Yangzhou city with three soil types, namely, clay soil, loamy soil, and sandy soil, and three irrigation regimes, namely, conventional irrigation (CI, 0 kPa), alternate wetting and moderate drying (AWMD, −15 kPa), and alternate wetting and severe drying (AWSD, −25 kPa). The AWMD regime improved the RMT by 3.05–48.95% when compared with the CI and AWSD regimes, and the RMTs in loamy were 7.38–93.67% higher than those in clay and sandy soil under AWMD across 2016 and 2017. The AWMD regime improved the rice milling quality and appearance quality both in clay and loamy soil by 2.88–10.08% and 15.43–45.77%, respectively. The CI regime improved the processing quality and nutritional quality of rice in sandy soil. Both loamy and clay soils improved the rice RMTs and grain quality under an AWMD regime. The RMTs were very significantly correlated with water use efficiency, rice milling, and cooking quality and were negatively correlated with rice appearance quality. The AWMD regime can affect the rice RMT and can improve the rice grain quality in loamy soil. Our results provide a theoretical basis for the design of water-saving rice irrigation regimes and for an improvement in rice grain quality in the process of rice cultivation.
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Zhao, Can, Mengyun Chen, Xiaofeng Li, Qigen Dai, Ke Xu, Baowei Guo, Yajie Hu, Weiling Wang, and Zhongyang Huo. "Effects of Soil Types and Irrigation Modes on Rice Root Morphophysiological Traits and Grain Quality." Agronomy 11, no. 1 (January 10, 2021): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11010120.
Full textAbstract:
Soil moisture plays an important role in rice (Oryza sativa L.) root development and grain quality. However, little is known about the effects of soil type on rice root morphophysiological traits (RMTs) and grain quality under different irrigation modes. A soil-grown experiment was conducted during the 2016–2017 rice growing seasons in Yangzhou city with three soil types, namely, clay soil, loamy soil, and sandy soil, and three irrigation regimes, namely, conventional irrigation (CI, 0 kPa), alternate wetting and moderate drying (AWMD, −15 kPa), and alternate wetting and severe drying (AWSD, −25 kPa). The AWMD regime improved the RMT by 3.05–48.95% when compared with the CI and AWSD regimes, and the RMTs in loamy were 7.38–93.67% higher than those in clay and sandy soil under AWMD across 2016 and 2017. The AWMD regime improved the rice milling quality and appearance quality both in clay and loamy soil by 2.88–10.08% and 15.43–45.77%, respectively. The CI regime improved the processing quality and nutritional quality of rice in sandy soil. Both loamy and clay soils improved the rice RMTs and grain quality under an AWMD regime. The RMTs were very significantly correlated with water use efficiency, rice milling, and cooking quality and were negatively correlated with rice appearance quality. The AWMD regime can affect the rice RMT and can improve the rice grain quality in loamy soil. Our results provide a theoretical basis for the design of water-saving rice irrigation regimes and for an improvement in rice grain quality in the process of rice cultivation.
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Yadav, R. L., and S. R. Prasad. "Moisture use characteristics of sugarcane genotypes under different available soil moisture regimes in alluvial entisols." Journal of Agricultural Science 110, no. 1 (February 1988): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600079624.
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SummaryTo study the response of three sugarcane genotypes (CO 1148, COJ 64 and CO 1158) to variations in moisture availability in sandy loam soil (entisol), field trials were conductedat Lucknow (26·5° N, 80·5° E, 120 m altitude) during 1984–5 and 1985–6. Three moisture regimes, i.e. wet (irrigation at 75% available soil moisture (ASM)), moist (irrigation at 50% ASM) and dry (irrigation at 25% ASM) were maintained during the pre-monsoon (before June) period in spring-planted (February-March) sugarcane. During the summer months (until June)the variety CO 1148 had a significantly greater sheath moisture percentage than COJ 64 and CO 1158. Under stress conditions, leaf area index was reduced most in COJ 64 and least in CO 1148.Underground shoots and roots grew faster in CO 1148, and the growth of above-ground parts was quicker in COJ 64. Compared with the 75% ASM regime the reduction in cane yield in the 25% regime was more in COJ 64 and CO 1158 (31 t/ha) than in CO 1148 (12 t/ha). The water requirement of COJ 64 was greater than that of the other varieties. Therefore, for higheryields COJ 64 needed frequent irrigation whereas CO 1148 performed well even under moderate irrigation (50% ASM).
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Kubík, Ladislav. "Hydropedological parameters limiting soil moisture regime floodplain ecosystems of south Moravia." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 53, no. 1 (2005): 71–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun200553010071.
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Soil moisture regime of floodplain ecosystems in southern Moravia is considerably influenced and greatly changed by human activities. It can be changed negatively by water management engineering or positively by landscape revitalizations. The paper deals with problems of hydropedological characteristics (hydrolimits) limiting soil moisture regime and solves effect of hydrological factors on soil moisture regime in the floodplain ecosystems. Attention is paid especially to water retention curves and to hydrolimits – wilting point and field capacity. They can be acquired either directly by slow laboratory assessment, derivation from the water retention curves or indirectly by calculation using pedotransfer functions (PTF). This indirect assessment uses hydrolimit dependency on better available soil physical parameters namely soil granularity, bulk density and humus content. The aim is to calculate PTF for wilting point and field capacity and to compare them with measured values. The paper documents suitableness utilization of PTF for the region of interest. The results of correlation and regression analysis for soil moisture and groundwater table are furthermore presented.
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SINGH, M. "Effect of soil moisture regime, nitrogen and modified urea materials on yield and quality of geranium (Pelargonium graveolens) grown on alfisols." Journal of Agricultural Science 133, no. 2 (September 1999): 203–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859699006863.
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Two field experiments were conducted during 1996–98 at Bangalore, India to study the effect of soil moisture regimes (0·3, 0·6 and 0·9 IW:CPE ratios) irrigation water:cumulative pan evaporation (IW:CPE) ratios and three rates of nitrogen application (0, 100 and 200 kg/ha) and in another experiment, three soil moisture regimes (0·3, 0·6 and 0·9 IW: CPE ratios), two rates of nitrogen application (100 and 200 kg/ha) and modified urea materials [prilled urea (PU) and dicyandiamide coated urea (DCDCU)] on oil content, herbage, oil yield and quality of geranium grown on altisols. Soil moisture maintained at 0·6 IW:CPE ratio significantly increased the herbage and oil yields of geranium. Application of 200 kg N/ha gave the maximum herbage and oil yield compared with those obtained from 0 and 100 kg N/ha. DCDCU produced higher yield than PU. The concentration and quality of essential oil were not influenced either by soil-moisture regime, rates or carriers of N.
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Moffett, Jody E., and William B. McCloskey. "Effects of soil moisture and yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) density on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)." Weed Science 46, no. 2 (April 1998): 231–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500090470.
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The influence of soil moisture on the competitive relationship between yellow nutsedge and cotton was determined in an additive competition experiment where main plots were irrigation regimes and subplots were nutsedge densities. Increasing nutsedge density caused a significant linear decrease in seed cotton yield. Regression analysis indicated that approximately 9 (1993), 12 (1994), or 37 (1995) kg ha−1of seed cotton yield was lost for each additional initial nutsedge tuber per meter of crop row. Both postharvest stem biomass, an indicator of total aboveground biomass, and seed cotton yield increased with increasing soil moisture in all 3 yr of the study. Increasing yellow nutsedge density reduced midseason cotton height in both wet and dry soil moisture regimes but only slightly reduced postharvest stem biomass in the wet treatment in 1995. There was an interaction between soil moisture regime and yellow nutsedge density only with respect to midseason cotton leaf water potentials. Soil moisture availability did not interact with the effect of yellow nutsedge density with respect to end of the season stem biomass or seed cotton yield.
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Farrelly, Niall, Áine Ní Dhubháin, and Maarten Nieuwenhuis. "Site index of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) in relation to different measures of site quality in Ireland." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 41, no. 2 (February 2011): 265–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x10-203.
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To examine the relationships between Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.) site index and site quality variables, we sampled 201 Sitka spruce stands covering the entire range of sites supporting the growth of the species in Ireland. Site index varied significantly with climate and climate surrogate variables, some site quality variables, soil physical and chemical properties, edatopes (combinations of soil nutrient and moisture regimes), rotation types, provenance, and fertilizer regimes. We developed a series of models to predict site index using climate, site, soil physical and chemical properties, edaphic variables, and management factors as predictor variables. Soil nutrient regime (SNR) exhibited the strongest relationship of all variables examined in the study, explaining 51% of the variation in site index, with site index increasing with increasing SNR. We found that edaphic variables of soil moisture regime and SNR produced the best prediction of site index. The species showed the best development on fresh to very moist sites, with rich to very rich soil nutrient regimes. We also developed a composite model explaining 62% of the variation in site index and an elevation zone model (>300 m) explaining 74% of the variation in site index.
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Kumar, Naveen, Suresh Kumar, Parveen Kumar, and Meena Sewhag. "Soil moisture depletion and ground water use by bed planted barley as influenced by cultivars, crop geometry and moisture regimes." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 9, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 1465–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v9i3.1385.
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A field experiment was conducted during rabi season 2011-2012 at Research Farm, CCS Haryana Agri-cultural University, Hisar, Haryana (India) to study the periodic soil moisture depletion and ground water use by bed planted barley as influenced by cultivars, crop geometry and moisture regimes under shallow water table conditions. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications keeping combinations of three cultivars viz., BH 393, BH 902 and BH 885 and two crop geometries viz 2 rows per bed and 3 rows per bed (70 cm wide with 40 cm top and 30 cm furrow) in main plots and three moisture regimes (irrigation at IW/CPE 0.3, 0.4 & 0.5) in sub plots. The results revealed that maximum soil moisture depletion (105 mm) and ground water contribution (62 mm) were recorded in BH 902, followed by BH 393 and BH 885. Among crop geometries, soil moisture depletion (96.6 mm) and ground water contribution (61 mm) were recorded higher in 3 rows per bed than 2 rows per bed. Among three moisture regimes, the soil moisture depletion (108 mm) and ground water contribution (65 mm) decreased with increase in moisture regime from irrigation at IW/CPE 0.3 to irrigation at IW/CPE 0.4 or 0.5.
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Vargas Zeppetello, Lucas R., David S. Battisti, and Marcia B. Baker. "The Origin of Soil Moisture Evaporation “Regimes”." Journal of Climate 32, no. 20 (September 16, 2019): 6939–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-19-0209.1.
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Abstract Evaporation plays an extremely important role in determining summertime surface temperature variability over land. Observations show the relationship between evaporation and soil moisture generally conforms to the Budyko “two regime” framework; namely, that evaporation is limited by available soil moisture in dry climates and by radiation in wet climates. This framework has led climate models to different parameterizations of the relationship between evaporation and soil moisture in wet and dry regions. We have developed the Simple Land–Atmosphere Model (SLAM) as a tool for studying land–atmosphere interaction in general, and summertime temperature variability in particular. We use the SLAM to show that a negative feedback between evaporation and surface temperature gives rise to the two apparent evaporation “regimes” and provide analytic solutions for evaporative cooling anomalies that demonstrate the nonlinear impact of soil moisture perturbations. Stemming from the temperature dependence of vapor pressure deficit, the feedback we identify has important implications for how transitions between wet and dry land surfaces may impact temperature variability as the climate warms. We also elucidate the impacts of surface moisture and insolation perturbations on latent and sensible heat fluxes and on surface temperature variability.
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Cely-Reyes, Germán Eduardo, Karen Victoria Suárez-Parra, and Rosalina González-Forero. "Water use efficiency in four irrigation regimes in bulb onion production in the Alto Chicamocha Irrigation District." Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas 14, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 393–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.17584/rcch.2020v14i3.12347.
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The bulb onion is one of the most important agricultural products in Colombia. The productive conditions of the Riego del Alto Chicamocha (Boyaca) district are a regional and national benchmark for this market. The objective of this research was to evaluate four irrigation regimes in terms of production and irrigation water efficiency in bulb onion crops. This trial was in the municipality of Nobsa, village of Dicho (Boyaca). A completely randomized design with four treatments was used: irrigation regime with 150% evapotranspiration (Evt); moisture-based irrigation regime, detected with soil moisture sensors; irrigation regime with 100% Evt; irrigation regime with 60% Evt, along with four repetitions. Starting three weeks after transplant and for 11 weeks (77 days), the polar diameter (cm), equatorial diameter (cm), root length (cm), leaf length (cm), SPAD units, stomatal conductance and irrigation water use efficiency were determined. The irrigation regime with 100% Evt had the best performance in terms of the polar and equatorial diameters and the root and leaf lengths, which were reflected in the fresh weight at harvest. The irrigation regime with soil moisture values obtained from remote sensors, with lower amounts of applied water, had better values for the transformation of water to fresh mass, with 13.64 kg mm-1.
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Grey, W. E., R. E. Engel, and D. E. Mathre. "Reaction of spring barley to common root rot under several moisture regimes: Effect on yield components, plant stand, and disease severity." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 71, no. 2 (April 1, 1991): 461–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps91-063.
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The reaction of spring barley to common root rot and its effect on yield components, plant stand, and disease severity was studied under several moisture regimes. Infection of barley from natural soil inoculum, primarily Cochliobolus sativus, was augmented with inoculum of C. sativus or Fusarium culmorum to insure uniform disease pressure during plant development. In one study during the 1986 and 1987 growing seasons, a line-source sprinkler irrigation system was utilized to establish a soil moisture gradient from a high-moisture regime receiving both irrigation water and rainfall to a dryland regime receiving only rainfall. In 1986, a second study was carried out to examine the effect of soil moisture at three locations that differed in annual precipitation. Plant emergence and harvestable tillers were reduced by C. sativus in both studies as compared to the noninoculated controls. Grain yield loss was associated with C. sativus and low plant density under drought but not under moderate to high moisture conditions. In the irrigated moisture regimes, moderate and high rainfall locations, the inoculated plants compensated for reduced plant stand and harvestable tillers by producing heavier kernels. Disease severity, based on the subcrown internode lesion development during the soft dough growth stage, did not differ in the dryland and irrigated moisture regimes. However, disease severity was higher in the drought location than in the moderate and high rainfall locations. Prolonged drought and disease pressure during seedling development can result in grain yield reductions, whereas subsequent moisture will affect the crop's ability to compensate for common root rot. Key words: Hordeum vulgare, ranking and selection, canopy temperature
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Tewari, S., J. Kulhavý, Rock BN, and P. Hadaš. "Remote monitoring of forest response to changed soil moisture regime due to river regulation." Journal of Forest Science 49, No. 9 (January 16, 2012): 429–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4716-jfs.
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Floodplain forest response to changed soil moisture regime and nutrient availability due to river regulation was studied using remote sensing (ETM) data. Images of May and October 2001 were used to prepare NDVI, SAVI, 5/4-ratio images and ETM band 7. Comparisons of the LAI, NDVI, 5/4-ratios and ETM band 7 mean values were done to find out the differences between the flooded and non-flooded sites. Unsupervised clustering of images was done using single transformed channels, i.e. NDVI, SAVI, 5/4-ratio and ETM band 7 to find seasonal variations in the values of these indices. The results were found to be in agreement with ground research.
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Levshunov, Ivan, Yuri Mazhayskiy, and Olga Chernikova. "The feasibility of using soil runoff in calculating the water balance of ameliorated soil." E3S Web of Conferences 285 (2021): 06003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128506003.
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The water regime on the reclaimed lands changes significantly during the year, and its possible change must be established or predicted in advance at the project stage. From the main characteristics of the water regime of soil, it is possible to reliably predict changes in moisture reserves and, worse, the dynamics of groundwater levels. Prediction of changes in moisture reserves in soil is carried out using “water balance calculations”. The results of long-term field research have shown that the main factors causing surface runoff are: the amount and intensity of precipitation, the initial moisture content of the upper soil layers, the slope and condition (agricultural use) of the site surface. The feasibility of using a variable runoff boundary in calculating the water balance of ameliorated soil is shown. The results of field experiments on the study of surface runoff in conditions of loamy soil are presented. Two-factor dependences of the daily runoff from precipitation and soil moisture have been obtained in case of its various agricultural uses.
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Schaefli, B., R. J. van der Ent, R. Woods, and H. H. G. Savenije. "An analytical model for soil-atmosphere feedback." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 16, no. 7 (July 5, 2012): 1863–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-1863-2012.
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Abstract. Soil-atmosphere feedback is a key for understanding the hydrological cycle and the direction of potential system changes. This paper presents an analytical framework to study the interplay between soil and atmospheric moisture, using as input only the boundary conditions at the upstream end of trajectory, assuming advective moisture transport with average wind speed along this trajectory and vertical moisture exchange with the soil compartment of uniform vertical properties. Precipitation, evaporation from interception and runoff are assumed to depend through simple functional relationships on the soil moisture or the atmospheric moisture. Evaporation from soil moisture (including transpiration) depends on both state variables, which introduces a nonlinear relationship between the two compartments. This nonlinear relationship can explain some apparently paradoxical phenomena such as a local decrease of precipitation accompanied by a runoff increase. The solutions of the resulting water balance equations correspond to two different spatial moisture regimes showing either an increasing or a decreasing atmospheric moisture content along a trajectory starting at the coast, depending on boundary conditions and parameters. The paper discusses how different model parameters (e.g. time scales of precipitation, evaporation or runoff) influence these regimes and how they can create regime switches. Such an analysis has potential to anticipate the range of possible land use and climate changes or to interpret the results of complex land-atmosphere interaction models. Based on derived analytical expressions for the Horton index, the Budyko curve and a precipitation recycling ratio, the analytical framework opens new perspectives for the classification of hydrological systems.
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Schaefli, B., R. J. van der Ent, R. Woods, and H. H. G. Savenije. "An analytical model for soil-atmosphere feedback." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 8, no. 5 (September 7, 2011): 8315–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-8-8315-2011.
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Abstract. Soil-atmosphere feedback is a key for understanding the hydrological cycle and the direction of potential system changes. This paper presents an analytical framework to study the interplay between soil and atmospheric moisture, using as input only the boundary conditions at the upstream end of an atmospheric moisture stream line. The underlying Eulerian-Langrangean approach assumes advective moisture transport with average wind speed along the stream line and vertical moisture exchange with the soil compartment of uniform vertical properties. Precipitation, evaporation from interception and runoff are assumed to depend through simple functional relationships on the soil moisture or the atmospheric moisture. Evaporation from soil moisture (including transpiration) depends on both state variables, which introduces a nonlinear relationship between the two compartments. This nonlinear relationship can explain some apparently paradoxical phenomena such as a local decrease of precipitation accompanied by a runoff increase. The solutions of the resulting water balance equations correspond to two different moisture regimes along a stream line, either monotonically increasing or decreasing when traveling inland, depending on boundary conditions and parameters. The paper discusses how different model parameters (e.g. time scales of precipitation, evaporation or runoff) influence these regimes and how they can create regime switches. Such an analysis has potential to anticipate the range of possible land use and climate changes or to interpret the results of complex land-atmosphere interaction models. Based on derived analytical expressions for the Horton index, the Budyko curve and a precipitation recycling ratio, the analytical framework opens new perspectives for the classification of hydrological systems.
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Romashchenko, M. I., S. S. Kolomiets, and A. S. Bilobrova. "LABORATORY DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEM FOR WATER-PHYSICAL SOIL PROPERTIES." Міжвідомчий тематичний науковий збірник "Меліорація і водне господарство", no. 2 (December 12, 2019): 199–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/mivg201902-193.
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Actuality of the problem. Irrigation has become a determining factor in the formation of bioproduction processes of new agricultural crop varieties and hybrids due to global climate change for all soil-climatic zones of Ukraine. Moreover, irrigation efficiency is determined to a significant degree by the reliability of the soil water-physical properties. The purpose of comprehensive hydrophysical studies was to determine the basic soil water-physical properties and constants necessary to create favorable soil regimes of reclaimed lands, and to do the mathematical modeling of the soil water regime. Complex laboratory hydrophysical tests of soil samples of undisturbed structure make it possible to determine hydrophysical functions for each soil sample: water holding capacity, water conductivity and water-physical constants of full and minimum moisture capacity, wilting moisture and maximum hygroscopic moisture, which can be determined on the same soil sample located on the same soil desorption curve from full moisture capacity to maximum hygroscopic humidity. The primary saturation of the soil sample under vacuum to full moisture capacity provides a single curve of water retention capacity taking into account structural macroporosity, which is the main feature of this technique. The resulting capillary hysteresis loop has the algorithm: fast nonequilibrium desorption from full moisture capacity and slow equilibrium sorption enables to build a differential curve of the distribution of pore volume over radii, characterizing the structure of the soil pore space. These structural characteristics are sensitive to soil processes, which determine the direction of epigenetic changes in the structure of the soil pore space and the direction of evolution of the soil matrix. The threshold of structural soil macroporosity formation is established from the loop of capillary hysteresis by the ratio of meniscus radii exceeding . Conclusions. The proposed system of soil laboratory diagnostics has advantages over the existing diagnostic methods and significantly increases the information content of complex hydrophysical tests, provides qualitatively new information on soils and provides mathematical modeling with the necessary parameters of mass transfer processes in moisture-saturated soils of the aeration zone.
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Kula, Emmanuel, and Martin Lazorík. "Centipedes, millipedes, terrestrial isopods and their relationships to physical and chemical properties of forest soils." Entomologica Fennica 27, no. 1 (August 20, 2019): 33–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.33338/ef.84657.
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The quality of soil environment in forest ecosystems of mountain zones was characterised by skeleton content and particle size as well as soil moisture and chemistry and used for deepening the knowledge of ecological requirements of centipedes, millipedes and terrestrial isopods. Soil skeleton and size of the particles were significant environmental factors, with Lithobius austriacus, Lithobius erythrocephalus and Lithobius nodulipes preferring stony soils. The isopods Ligidium hypnorum and Hyloniscus riparius were closely bound to heavy soils with a high clay content, which was related to increased soil moisture and indication ofwaterlogged soils. Soil reaction (pH/KCl) was less associated with the occurrence of the studied invertebrates. The soils with higher skeleton content and a favourable moisture regime containing more Ca2+ and Mg2+ were more attractive to some centipedes (Strigamia acuminata, Lithobius microps) and isopods (Trachelipus ratzebargii, Oniscus asellus, Porcellio scaber).
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Manafova, A. "Dynamics of Water-temperature Regime of the Main Types of Soils of the Shirvan Steppe of Azerbaijan." Bulletin of Science and Practice 7, no. 8 (July 15, 2021): 136–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/69/18.
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Physical, chemical and temperature regimes and properties of the soils of the Shirvan steppe are considered. The salt composition of soils is analyzed and the suitability of their use in agriculture is determined. The thermal conductivity coefficient does not change significantly during the day. This indicator is close to the indicator of thermal conductivity in sierozem-meadow soils. The moisture content of the soil in the arable layer was 22–24%, and in dry periods — 10–11%. In winter, soil moisture was 26–28%. In general, the soils are suitable for agriculture, for the cultivation of a number of vegetables and melons.
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Lodh, Abhishek. "Soil Moisture: An Essential Climate Variable in Indian Monsoon Regime." IOSR Journal of Applied Geology and Geophysics 1, no. 1 (2013): 64–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/0990-0116484.
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Dóka, Lajos. "Moisture regime of chernozem soil at different water supply levels." Agrokémia és Talajtan 62, no. 1 (June 1, 2013): 23–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/agrokem.62.2013.1.2.
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A növénytermesztési tér, ezen belül a csernozjom talaj vízháztartási folyamatainak sokoldalú vizsgálata, elemzése, a folyamatok parametrizálása különösen fontos. A vizsgálatokat — az 1983-ban Ruzsányi László által beállított, 2004-től Pepó Péter által vezetett — polifaktoriális tartamkísérletben kukoricával végeztük, melyet nemcsak jelentős vetésterülete, hanem a vízellátás, a növénytermesztési tér vízháztartása szempontjából kifejezett szenzibilitása, érzékenysége is indokol. A kísérletet különböző vetésváltási rendszerekben (mono-, bi- és trikultúra), három eltérő csapadékellátottságú [egy aszályos (2007), egy csapadékos (2008) és egy száraz (2009)] évjáratban végeztük. A kísérletben N120+PK tápanyagszinttel, két öntözési kezeléssel (Ö1-kezelés: nem öntözött, Ö3-kezelés: öntözött), valamint 60 000 tő·ha−1 állománysűrűséggel dolgoztunk.A mértékadó talajréteget három szintre osztottuk, (0–60; 61–120 és 121–200 cm), melyekben vizsgáltuk a talajnedvesség tenyészidőbeli alakulását. Az eredmények alapján a felső (0–60 cm) talajszint nedvességkészlet-változása volt a legintenzívebb, mind a csapadék, mind az öntözés közvetlen hatása itt mutatható ki a legegyértelműbben.Vizsgálataink alapján megállapítottuk, hogy a csernozjom talaj vízkészletét a vetésváltás nagymértékben befolyásolja. A három vetésváltás közül a monokultúrás vetésváltásban számítottuk a legkisebb talajnedvesség térfogatszázalékos értékeket, bi- és trikultúrában már az induló vízkészlet is 3–4 tf%-kal nagyobb értékeket mutatott, és ez a tendencia a teljes tenyészidőszakban megmaradt, mind a nem öntözött, mind az öntözött kezelésekben. A vizsgálati eredmények alapján megállapítható, hogy a csernozjom talaj vízháztartása, a kukoricaállomány vízellátása szempontjából a monokultúrás termesztés függ a legnagyobb mértékben a vízellátottsági viszonyoktól.A kísérleti adatokból megállapítható, hogy az öntözés főként a 0–60 cm-es gyökérzónában fejtette ki hatását, megközelítőleg vízkapacitásig feltöltötte a talaj felső rétegét, ezáltal kedvező víz- és tápanyagellátási körülményeket teremtve a növényállomány számára.
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张, 露. "Study Advances of Soil Moisture Regime on the Loess Plateau." Hans Journal of Agricultural Sciences 07, no. 06 (2017): 412–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/hjas.2017.76053.
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Muromtsev, N. A., and K. B. Anisimov. "THE PECULIAR FORMATION OF THE WATER REGIME IN SODDY-PODZOLIC SOIL IN DIFFERENT POSITIONS OF SOIL CATENA." Dokuchaev Soil Bulletin, no. 77 (March 1, 2015): 78–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.19047/0136-1694-2015-77-78-93.
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Under consideration is the dynamics of moisture reserves and soil water potential in different parts of the catena represented by soddy-podzolic slightly gleyed soil. Peculiar features in the development of moisture reserves have been identified in different elevated positions of this catena and their transformation in time depending on the weather conditions. It is shown that the dynamics of soil water potential in dependence on the depth of the soil profile and time well agrees with the peculiar changes in moisture reserves.
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Vdovina, Tatyana, Andrey Vinokurov, Elena Isakova, and Olga Lagus. "Research of water-physical properties of soil with application of hydrogel in the Kurchum district of the Eastern-Kazakhstan region." Bulletin of the Karaganda University. “Biology, medicine, geography Series” 99, no. 3 (October 25, 2020): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2020bmg3/29-35.
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The purpose of the research is to study the water-physical parameters of the soil, on the basis of which it is possible to analyze the moisture regime and draw conclusions about the applied innovative technologies. The results of the experiments; set according to the developed recommendations by the employees of the Altay Botanical Garden. The article provides data on the water-physical properties of the soil: density, humidity and maximum field moisture capacity. The results of the experiments showed that with the help of the «Akvasorb» hydrogel, it is possible to regulate the water regime of soils and increase the moisture reserves available to plants in conditions of water scarcity. Thus, the addition of the preparation at a rate of 1.5 kg/m3 and 2.0 kg/m3 helps to retain the greatest amount of moisture in the soil from 15 % to 24 % across all horizons. These same norms increase the water reserves in the oil, especially in the spring and improve its density. All this contributes to a better development of plants.
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Liu, Hongyuan, Yang Yang, Keli Zhang, and Chuanlong Sun. "Soil Erosion as Affected by Freeze-Thaw Regime and Initial Soil Moisture Content." Soil Science Society of America Journal 81, no. 3 (May 2017): 459–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2016.08.0271.
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Sağlam, M., H. S. Öztürk, S. Erşahin, and A. İ. Özkan. "Spatial variation of soil physical properties in adjacent alluvial and colluvial soils under Ustic moisture regime." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 8, no. 2 (April 28, 2011): 4261–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-8-4261-2011.
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Abstract. Soils vary spatially due to differences in soil management and soil formation factors. The soil spatial variability is an important determinant of efficiency of farm inputs and yield. This study was carried out to identify and compare spatial variation of some soil physical properties by geostatistics in alluvial and adjacent colluvial soils formed under ustic moisture regime at Gökhöyük State Farm (1750 ha), Amasya, Turkey. Seventy four soil samples were collected on a regular grid (500 × 500-m) and additional 224 samples were collected on 28 500-m fine-transects, randomly superimposed between the nodes of grids. Semivariograms and corresponding kriging maps for soil texture, soil organic matter (SOM), bulk density (BD), saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks), and available water content (AWC) were prepared. Statistical analyses were conducted separately for colluvial and alluvial sites as well as whole area. The soils in alluvial site is rich in clay with high BD and SOM, and low in Ks and AWC; and the soils in colluvial site was designated as low in Ks, SOM, and AWC and high in BD. All variables, except SOM, showed a strong spatial dependency. In general, nugget, sill and range values of most of the studied soil variables decreased from alluvial site to colluvial site. When local (alluvial and colluvial sites separately) and global (alluvial + colluvial) kriged maps for BD, AWC, and soil textural separates, use of global semivariograms (one semivariogram for entire study area) resulted in lost of some details in colluvial sites, suggesting that local semivariograms for alluvial and colluvial soils should be used in kriging predictions at the farm. The results had significant implications for water management as AWC was spatially associated to clay content in alluvial site and to clay and sand contents in colluvial site.
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Kebede, Elias, Yonas Derese, Nigussie Abebe, Fikadu Robi, and Kebede Nanesa. "Validation of irrigation scheduling for cultivation of irrigated wheat in semi-arid climatic condition of Ethiopia." International Journal of Agricultural Extension 6, no. 2 (September 9, 2018): 139–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.33687/ijae.006.02.2560.
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ABSTRACTThis study was conducted for three years (2014-2016) to validate irrigation scheduling of irrigated wheat cultivation to determine appropriate irrigation regime. The experiments were irrigation scheduling based on CROPWAT Model 8.0 and validation on field trial. The treatments were arranged in randomized complete block design with three replications. The field trial was involving three irrigation regime treatments were used for comparison. The treatments were Treatment 1 (T1): Optimal irrigation regime as determined by Cowpat for windows that provides irrigation water of D1=50mm at an interval of I1=7 days, Treatment 2(T2): Optimal irrigation regime as determined by Cowpat for windows that provides irrigation water of D2=67mm at an interval of I2=10 days. Treatment 3(T3): Optimal irrigation regime as determined by Cowpat for windows that provides irrigation water of D3=108.3mm at an interval of I3=15 days. Treatment 4(T4): An irrigation regime that provides irrigation water at critical soil moisture depletion and an amount that would refill the soil moisture depletion to field capacity. Result indicated that grain yield was significantly affected by irrigation levels. Irrigation regime of Treatment 4 produced higher grain yield 2400 kg/ha and 20.0q/ha in 2015 and 2016 cropping season. The highest mean yield of wheat (2200 kg/ha) was obtained from critical moisture refill field capacity irrigation application. Whereas, the lowest mean yield (1778 kg/ha) was obtained from T3, 7 days irrigation interval and 50mm irrigation application. This indicates that yield of wheat decrease with decreasing water amount and short interval frequency. Irrigation scheduling based on cowpat model with irrigation regime that provides irrigation water at critical soil moisture depletion and an amount that would refill the soil moisture depletion to field capacity found promising optimum wheat scheduling under Werer and similar areas.
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Lamontagne, L., C. Camiré, and C. Ansseau. "La végétation forestière du delta de Lanoraie, Québec." Canadian Journal of Botany 69, no. 8 (August 1, 1991): 1839–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b91-234.
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The vegetation and the soil characteristics of the sandy terraces of the Lanoraie Delta, Quebec, were sampled at 84 forest sites using the methods of Whittaker and Canada Soil Information System. The ordination results show that the soil moisture regime (xeric–hydric) and the pH (3.5–5.0) are the main factors responsible for the spatial distribution of the vegetation. When these results (ordination analysis) and those of the cluster analysis are superimposed, the relationship between the five vegetation groups studied and particular ecological conditions can be seen. Thus, two groups of vegetation dominated by conifers are found in the middle of the terraces. One of these is dominated by Tsuga canadensis and the other by Abies balsamea and Picea rubens. These two groups are found on podzolic, gleyed soils with a mounded microrelief, which are strongly acidic (pH < 3.5) and have a hydric–mesic moisture regime. The remaining three vegetation groups are dominated by deciduous species. Among these, two groups arise from human activities such as logging or farming. One of these is dominated by Fagus grandifolia, Acer saccharum, Acer rubrum, and Quercus rubra and is composed of mature trees. The other is dominated by Pinus strobus, Polulus grandidentata, Populus tremuloides, or Betula papyrifera and is composed of young trees. These two types occupy the edge of the terraces where the topography is flat and the soil podzolic with a moderately to slightly acidic pH (4.0–5.0) and a xeric–mesic moisture regime. Finally the third group, dominated by Acer rubrum, is found on medium acidic (pH = 4.0), gleyed soils with a hydric–mesic moisture regime. This study shows that Acer rubrum is the best suited species for sandy, acidic, and nutrient-poor sites of the Lanoraie Delta. Key words: Lanoraie Delta, multivariate analysis, vegetation classification, Acer rubrum.
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Dinger, Eric J., and Robin Rose. "Integration of soil moisture, xylem water potential, and fall–spring herbicide treatments to achieve the maximum growth response in newly planted Douglas-fir seedlings." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 39, no. 7 (July 2009): 1401–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x09-050.
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Early in the establishment of Pacific Northwest Douglas-fir ( Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) plantations, herbaceous vegetation can decrease seedling growth through competition for soil moisture during the dry summer months. This study was designed to statistically quantify soil moisture, seedling xylem water potential (Ψ), vegetation community, and seedling growth response to six herbicide treatment regimes commonly applied over the first 2 years of establishment. When compared with the control, soil moisture and seedling Ψ increased in response to reductions in competitive cover, allowing seedlings to extend productive growing time from 28 to 80 days. As a result, seedling volume growth increased from 56 cm3 in the untreated control to greater than 250 cm3 for the most intensive herbicide treatment regimes. Vegetation surveys revealed that treatment regimes had the potential to provide a disturbance, which could shift community composition from native to introduced species as the relationship decreased from 10:1 to 2:1. The most intense herbicide treatment regime reduced cover below 20%, retained soil moisture >30%, maintained predawn seedling Ψ above –1.0 MPa, and decreased height to diameter ratio below 50, increasing the likelihood of successful plantation establishment.