Relevant bibliographies by topics / Soil Nails

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Soil Nails'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 18 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Soil Nails"

1

Sharma, M., M. Samanta, and S. Sarkar. "Laboratory study on pullout capacity of helical soil nail in cohesionless soil." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 54, no. 10 (October 2017): 1482–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2016-0243.

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Helical nails are a new alternative to conventional soil nails or tie-backs for stabilization of slopes, excavations, and embankments due to ease of installation, minimal site disturbance, and immediate loading capability. Pullout capacity of helical nails is a critical parameter for their design. This study investigates the pullout behaviour of helical soil nails installed in dry dense sand through a series of laboratory tests. The tests were performed on seven different types of helical nails in a displacement-controlled manner. The paper describes the test procedure, results and highlights the influence of different parameters on the pullout capacity. Results show that roughness of the nail shaft significantly influences the peak pullout capacity of helical soil nails. A linear relationship between peak pullout force and overburden pressure is observed for different types of helical soil nails, indicating that it satisfies the Mohr–Coulomb failure criteria. A helical soil nail having a double helix of unequal diameter and the same interspacing shows higher pullout capacity than a helical soil nail having a double helix of the same diameter. The position of the helix and spacing-to-diameter ratio of the soil nail with a double helix of unequal diameter plays a significant role on the peak pullout capacity.
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Liu, Zhong Yu, Chong Wu Ma, and Zhuo Zhao. "Laboratory Experimental Study on Pullout Behavior of Mortar Grouted GFRP Soil Nails." Advanced Materials Research 168-170 (December 2010): 1069–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.168-170.1069.

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A large-scale laboratory apparatus has been built to study the pullout behavior of mortar grouted glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) soil nails. The axial strain along the nail length and the displacement of the nail head under different pullout loads are measured, and the ultimate pullout load under the overburden pressure is obtained. Then, the influence of the overburden pressure on the ultimate value of the interface friction force is investigated. The experimental results illustrate that the pullout behavior of mortar grouted GFRP soil nails is similar to that of mortar grouted steel soil nails, and the relation between the displacement and the pullout load can be described with the hyperbolic function. In addition, the dilatancy effect of the soil near the nail during pull out should be taken into account in estimating the pullout resistance of soil nails in dense fills.
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Cheuk, C. Y., K. K. S. Ho, and A. Y. T. Lam. "Influence of soil nail orientations on stabilizing mechanisms of loose fill slopes." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 50, no. 12 (December 2013): 1236–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2012-0144.

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Soil nailing has been used to upgrade substandard loose fill slopes in Hong Kong. Due to the possibility of static liquefaction failure, a typical design arrangement comprises a structural slope facing anchored by a grid of soil nails bonded into the in situ ground. Numerical analyses have been conducted to examine the influence of soil nail orientations on the behaviour of the ground nail–facing system. The results suggest that the use of steeply inclined nails throughout the entire slope could avoid global instability, but could lead to significant slope movement especially when sliding failure prevails, for instance, due to interface liquefaction. The numerical analyses also demonstrate that if only subhorizontal nails are used, the earth pressure exerted on the slope facing may cause uplift failure of the slope cover. To overcome the shortcomings of using soil nails at a single orientation, a hybrid nail arrangement comprising nails at two different orientations is proposed. The numerical analyses illustrate that the hybrid nail arrangement would limit slope movement and enhance the robustness of the system.
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Wu, Jason Y., and Jr Min Chang. "Effect of Wetting on the Pullout Resistance of Grouted Soil Nails." Applied Mechanics and Materials 226-228 (November 2012): 1304–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.226-228.1304.

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In this research, laboratory pullout tests were conducted on grouted soil nails to study the effect of wetting on the interface shear resistance between nail and soil during pullout. Deformed bars with equal size to the true soil nails were used as model nails. The soil used was silty fine sand collected at the site and prepared to a very dense condition. Rainfall infiltration was simulated using duplicated soil nails inundated by water for different periods. Test results indicated that the peak pullout resistance strongly decreases upon wetting, with a reduction of about 60% after soaking for 28 days. However, the experiments showed that there is a threshold water content (or soaking time) beyond which the effect of infiltration on the pullout resistance is reduced. The laboratory protocols developed in this study offered an easy scheme for the prediction of the pullout capacity of a grouted soil nail upon wetting.
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Vojtasik, Karel, Milan Chodacki, and Tomas Hochsmann. "Ground Improvement by a Nonparallel Layout of Soil Nails." Advanced Materials Research 1020 (October 2014): 447–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1020.447.

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Soil nails are components retaining a ground to give it support particular in cases when the ground doesn’t satisfy fully the requirements and it is expected an excessive deformation or the worst a collapse. Today in all geotechnical applications the soil nails are arranged in the simplest way i.e. they are all parallel and almost perpendicular the boundary face of the ground body to be bound. Submitted article is a feasibility study on application the soil nails in another a nonparallel scheme of nails arrangement. The nails are located in two closely adjacent parallel plains. The nails are inclined in each plain with regard to a boundary face of the ground body and the nail inclination heads in opposite direction in each plain. This way the nails build up a quasi-web scheme in the ground. Article analyzes the effect of the quasi-web scheme nails arrangement on the ground and looks for an exact solution to evaluate effect on ground strength and strain behavior. The force balance approach is employed for the exact analysis.
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Yu, Jung-Doung, Ki-Hong Kim, and Jong-Sub Lee. "Nondestructive health monitoring of soil nails using electromagnetic waves." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 55, no. 1 (January 2018): 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2017-0043.

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The installed length and grouted length of a soil nail should be evaluated to prevent construction disasters and landslides. The objective of this study is the development and application of a nondestructive method for evaluating the installed length and grouted length of soil nails using electromagnetic waves. Experiments are conducted on steel bars, partially grouted steel bars, fully grouted steel bars, and soil nails. Electromagnetic waves are generated and detected by a time-domain reflectometer. The experimental results show that the respective round-trip travel times increase with an increase in the length of the steel bar, grouted steel bar, and soil nail. The velocities are greatest and lowest for steel bars and soil nails installed in soil, respectively. For partially grouted steel bars, multiple reflections are detected at the interface between the nongrouted sections and grouted sections. The velocity decreases with an increase in the grouted ratio of the soil nail. This study demonstrates that electromagnetic waves can be effectively applied for the evaluation of the installed length and grouted length of the soil nail for health monitoring.
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Mohamed, Mahmoud H., Mohd Ahmed, Javed Mallick, and Pham V. Hoa. "An Experimental Study of a Nailed Soil Slope: Effects of Surcharge Loading and Nails Characteristics." Applied Sciences 11, no. 11 (May 25, 2021): 4842. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11114842.

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The earth nailing system is a ground improvement technique used to stabilize earth slopes. The behavior of the earth nailing system is dependent on soil and nailing characteristics, such as the spacing between nails, the orientation, length, and method of installation of nails, soil properties, slope height and angle, and surcharge loading, among others. In the present study, a three-dimensional physical model was built to simulate a soil nailed slope with a model scale of 1:10 with various soil nail characteristics. The simulated models consist of Perspex strips as facing and steel bars as a reinforcing system to stabilize the soil slope. Sand beds in the model were formed, using a sand raining system. The performance of nailed soil slope models under three important nails characteristics, i.e., length, spacing and orientation, with varying surcharge loading were studied. It was observed that there is a reduction in the lateral movement of slope and footing settlements with an increase in length. It was found that the slope face horizontal pressure is non-linear with different nail characteristics. The increase in length and inclination of the soil nails decreased the vertical, horizontal stress and footing settlement, while the increase in spacing of the nails increased the vertical and horizontal stress behind the soil mass.
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Mohamed, Mahmoud H., Mohd Ahmed, and Javed Mallick. "Pullout Behavior of Nail Reinforcement in Nailed Soil Slope." Applied Sciences 11, no. 14 (July 12, 2021): 6419. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11146419.

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The pullout resistance and displacement performance of reinforcement have significant effects on the safe and economic design of a reinforced-soil system. In this study, the nail pullout tests are conducted to assess the pullout behavior of soil nail reinforcement at different levels in the soil slope of granular materials. The similitude laboratory models of a reinforced soil system with a scale of 1:10 are prepared. The construction sequence used in a full scale slope was precisely followed in the laboratory model. The models consist of a Perspex wall box filled with sand and steel bars as a reinforcement. The models of sand beds are formed using an automatic sand raining system. Devices and instruments are installed to record the nails pullout resistance and displacement. The tests are carried out at variable footing pressures to get the pullout force of the nails based on a strain control technique. The finite element models of nailed soil slope are also analyzed to validate the laboratory model results. It infers from the numerical model results that the laboratory models underestimate the pullout behavior of nail reinforcement in nailed soil slope. The pull-out force in nail reinforcement increases as the displacement increases and then decreases slightly and becomes constant with an increase in displacement in the case of deeper placed nails, but it becomes constant immediately for upper nails.
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Pham, Nhan Thi, Pan Bing, and Nghia Viet Nguyen. "Study on the effect of some parameters of soil nails on the stability of vertical slopes." Journal of Mining and Earth Sciences 61, no. 6 (December 31, 2020): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.46326/jmes.2020.61(6).04.

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Soil nailing is one of the soil reinforcement techniques that has been used worldwide in geotechnical engineering. In Viet Nam, soil nailing technology applied in a number of transportation investments such as Ha Long - Van Don, Bac Giang - Lang Son highways, and some of the hydropower plants in the central provinces of Viet Nam. Soil nailing is a system consisting of reinforced concrete piles and rebars or composite rods installed in an inclined direction into the slope. The research and applications of soil nailing technology to reinforceslopes in Viet Nam have not been widespread. The authors only considered construction technologies, processes, requirements for the materials, equipment, quality - check of soil nails, etc. The optimal geometries of soil nails for the stability of slope are inadequate and analyzed thoroughly. These lead to inaccurate prediction of the construction stabilization effect and the safety of designed structures. In the present study, numerical simulations were conducted to investigate the effects of the inclined angle and the length of soil nail Patterns and subjected to surcharge loads on stability improvement of soil - nailed slopes and facing deformation in a staged - excavation. The research results show that the soil nail reinforcement efficiency could be affected by inclinations and length Pattern s of soil nails. The general conclusion is that the more soil is nailing inclinations, the more the reinforcing forces in the soil nails. The soil nail length Patterns have also influenced displacement characteristics of slopes.
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Benamara, Fatima Zohra, and Lazhar Belabed. "Stability of the Walls in Nails Soil." Advanced Materials Research 324 (August 2011): 380–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.324.380.

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Developed as from the seventies, the nailing of the soils is a technique, which makes it possible to carry out a retaining wall of excavation by using the soil in place and installing the passive bars called nails. The main object of this work is to study the stability of the walls in soil nailed lived overall rupture facing-soil-nail. In order to find the mechanism or the mechanical model most unstable. Give a general aspect to our studies; we also studied a title comparative the classical circular failure model. We have repeatedly determined for each case the maximum shear soil force in the nails Tm. The most unfavourable mechanism (less stable) among all the mechanisms is that for which, the shear force Tm reached a maximum. Another analysis of the stability of wall in nailed soil was made by means of the software Geo4 and compared with the kinematics method.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Soil Nails"

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SPRINGER, FERNANDA OTTO. "PULLOUT TESTS OF NAILS IN GNEISSIC RESIDUAL SOIL." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2006. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=8761@1.

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CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
A utilização de inclusões passivas para reforços de solos, comumente conhecida como solo grampeado, vem tendo aceitação crescente no meio geotécnico, em especial no sudeste do Brasil. Porém, esta técnica carece de estudos mais detalhados, em particular sobre a resistência ao arrancamento [qs] e sobre a influência de parâmetros tais como o tempo de cura da calda de cimento, o número de injeções, a lavagem do furo e o tipo de solo. Assim, nesta pesquisa, estudou-se o comportamento tensão- deformação-resistência de grampos sob solicitação de arrancamento, em função do método de instalação. Foram considerados grampos com e sem pré- lavagem do furo, com uma ou duas injeções de nata de cimento, com três ou dez dias de cura. Os grampos foram executados em solo residual (maduro ou jovem) e em rocha alterada de gnaisse na cidade de Niterói, RJ. Esta pesquisa apresenta uma metodologia de instrumentação de grampos. O monitoramento das deformações dos strain gages distribuídos ao longo do comprimento dos grampos forneceu ferramentas para se analisar os mecanismos de distribuição de carga e deformação dos grampos. Esta pesquisa propõe ainda uma metodologia a ser adotada em ensaios de arrancamento de grampos, enfocando-se os detalhes executivos. Alguns dos grampos ensaiados foram exumados e os resultados são apresentados, destacando-se os aspectos da superfície de arrancamento, a uniformidade do diâmetro, a presença de fissuras no grampo, e a litologia dos materiais encontrados ao longo do comprimento do grampo. Uma das principais conclusões é a de que o arrancamento de grampos re-injetados (bainha + 1 injeção) executados em solo residual maduro forneceu resistência ao arrancamento em média 37% superior à do grampo com 1 injeção (bainha).
The use of passive inclusions for soil reinforcement, commonly known as soil nail, has experienced an increasing acceptance in the geothecnical projects, especially in the southeast of Brazil. However, this technique still lacks more detailed studies regarding the influence of different installation methods on the pullout resistance [qs]. This research was focused on the study of stress-strainstrength behavior of nails under pullout loading, under different installation procedures. A comprehensive series of pullout tests was carried out on nails installed in holes with and without pre-washing procedures, with one or two consecutive pre-injection steps os cement mortar and with curing time of three or ten days. Test nails were installed in residual gneissic soils with different degrees of weathering along a profile in the same slope in the city of Niterói, Brazil. This methodology developed for the instrumentation of test nails is described in detail. Several strain gages were installed on the nails, for monitoring the strain distribution along the length of the nails. Some of the tested nails were exhumed and observed in detail. This investigation reveals the aspects of the soil-nail interface, with special attention to the uniformity in diameter to the presence of fissures along the nail, and the litology of materials found along the length of the nail. One of the main findings of this experimental investigation is that the re-injection of nails in residual soil resulted in an average increase of 37% of the pullout resistance qs as compared to usual nails with no re-injection procedures. This research concludes with a proposal for a standard methodology to be adopted in nail´s pullout tests.
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Standing, James R. "Studies of the interface resistance of soil nails." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/8935.

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SILVA, TIAGO PROTO DA. "PULL-OUT STRENGTH OF NAILS IN GNAISSIC RESIDUAL SOIL." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2005. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=7926@1.

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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
A presente pesquisa trata da avaliação da resistência ao arrancamento de grampos em solo residual de gnaisse. Foram realizados ensaios de arrancamento em uma obra de solo grampeado executada em um maciço de solo residual de gnaisse. A resistência ao arrancamento foi avaliada em 4 cotas diferentes ao longo do perfil de escavação. Foram realizados 8 ensaios de arrancamento em grampos de 4m de comprimento. Quatro ensaios foram executados em grampos instrumentados com strain-gages, para avaliar a distribuição das cargas de tração durante os estágios de carregamento. Foram também realizados ensaios de cisalhamento direto no solo e na interface solo/cimento para avaliação das propriedades mecânicas destes materiais. Amostras indeformadas foram coletadas imediatamente à frente dos furos de instalação dos grampos ensaiados garantindo uma maior representatividade dos materiais. Uma relação semi-empírica é proposta para se avaliar a resistência do solo e da interface solo/nata de cimento, obtidos em ensaios de cisalhamento direto no laboratório. Os resultados obtidos nesta pesquisa são comparados com ensaios realizados por outros autores, em encostas de solos residuais de gnaisse e empregados para validação da relação desenvolvida.
The present research presents an evaluation of the pullout resistance of nails in residual gneissic soil. Pullout tests were carried out in 4 different levels of the nailed wall with nails 4m long. Four tests were carried out in strain-gauged nails for evaluating the tension distribuition along the nail. A series of direct shear tests in soil specimens and in the soil/grout interface were also performed for obtaining the mechanical properties of these materials. Undisturbed samples had been collected very close to the pull-out test locations. A semi-empirical relation is proposed for evaluating the pullout resistance of nails, based on the shear strenghth parameters of the soil and of the soil/grout interface from laboratory direct shear tests.
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Zhang, Min. "Centrifuge modelling of potentially liquefiable loose fill slopes with and without soil nails /." View abstract or full-text, 2006. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?CIVL%202006%20ZHANG.

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Pradhan, Bandana. "Study of pullout behaviour of soil nails in completely decomposed granite fill." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29324944.

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Wendlandt, Nichole Jean. "A Geotechnical Evaluation of the Launched Soil-Nailing Method of Landslide Stabilization in Summit County, Ohio." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1239813377.

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Morris, Jonathan David. "Physical and numerical modelling of grouted nails in clay." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:530eeb78-5ead-4459-8733-3e6ae722c687.

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The research described in this thesis focussed on the bond resistance of grouted soil nails in clay. Physical modelling took the form of large scale element tests in the laboratory of drilled and grouted nails in a stiff clay. Nails were installed under different boundary stresses; testing was conducted at different constant rates of pull-out and also under sustained load conditions. Observed behaviour was compared with that predicted by measurements of interface shear resistance obtained in a conventional shear box. Numerical modelling was carried out in an attempt to improve understanding of the effects of installation processes on nail performance, and to investigate the trends in behaviour observed during laboratory tests. For this purpose, a one-dimensional finite element computer program was developed to include the effects of consolidation and the out-of-plane soil displacements associated with nail axial loading. The physical modelling showed that the loading rate has a significant effect on bond resistance. This has consequences for the interpretation of data from constant rate of displacement pull-out testing, the conventional method of verifying bond resistance in the field. It is suggested that this type of testing is inappropriate in low permeability soils, because capillary suctions develop which lead to increased bond resistance. Results from laboratory sustained load tests show that lower values of bond resistance are mobilised under the static load conditions more likely to exist in a real soil nailed structure. The numerical modelling confirms the behaviour observed during the laboratory tests, and shows that the mechanisms by which bond is mobilised are complex, depending critically on the dilation and consolidation characteristics of the soil. Nail installation procedures are modelled, and grout pressures are shown to strongly influence bond resistance. Interface tests show trends in behaviour similar to those observed during pull-out testing. However, difficulties exist in the qualitative use of interface test data to predict nail bond resistance.
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Junaideen, Sainulabdeen Mohamed. "The design and performance of a pressure chamber for testing soil nails in loose fill." Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B23273331.

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Engin, Kursat Harun. "An Experimental Study Of Vertical And Inclined Soil Nails Under Footings As Settlement Reducers." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605775/index.pdf.

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Vertical and inclined soil nails under footings as settlement &ndash
reducing elements is investigated using a physical 1g model in the laboratory. Nails are not connected to footing, they are not so long and vertical settlement of nails is very large compared to usual limits encountered for piles or micropiles. Following the settlement of footing, they share the load together with the footing. The skin friction is mostly mobilized and end-bearing failure occurs continuously during the settlement. The system of footing- soil nail is studied by model square footings of 30 mm x 30 mm and 50 mm x 50 mm breadth dimensions and remoulded kaolin clay consolidated under constant controlled stress of 50 kPa in 200 mm cube boxes. In the first section of the testing series 4, 5, 9 and 12 nails were inserted into soil in 3B, 2.4B, 1.33B and B lengths, respectively. In the second section, 4 and 6 nails in 1.5B and 2B lengths were tested for vertical and 15 degrees and 30 degrees inclined cases. Settlements of footings were measured under constant footing pressure for all groups. Several tests were repeated in each group of testing series. It is concluded that keeping the total nail length constant, decreasing the nail number thus using longer individual nails is more effective in decreasing the footing settlements. 15 degrees inclined nails decrease total settlements more.
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Akis, Ebru. "The Effect Of Group Behavior On The Pull-out Capacity Of Soil Nails In High Plastic Clay." Phd thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12611066/index.pdf.

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ABSTRACT THE EFFECT OF GROUP BEHAVIOR ON THE PULL-OUT CAPACITY OF SOIL NAILS IN HIGH PLASTIC CLAY Ak&
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lmaz September 2009, 161 pages Soil nailing technique is widely used in stabilizing roadway and tunnel portal cut excavations. The key parameter in the design of soil nail systems is the pull-out capacity. The pull-out capacity of the soil nails can be estimated from the studies involving similar soil conditions or can be estimated from the empirical formulas. Field verification tests are performed before the construction stage in order to confirm the parameter chosen in the design of soil nailing system. It is reported in the literature that, the pull-out resistance of a soil nail in sand should be reduced for the nails installed closer than a specific minimum distance, whereas no such requirement have been discussed for nail groups in clays. v In this study, the pull-out resistance of nails in high plastic clay are tested to investigate the influence of nail spacing in group applications. The laboratory set-up for the pull-out tests is composed of an aluminum model box (300mm (w) x 300mm (h) x 500 mm (l)), soil sample, reinforcements, pull-out device, overburden pressure applicator and monitoring device. A series of pull-out tests has been carried out on single nails and group of nails with spacings 2 and 6 times the diameter of a nail in order to observe the group effect on the pullout capacity of the nails. The nails are located into their positions during the placement of clay into the box. Within the limitations of this study, it is observed that, there is a reduction in the pull-out capacity of the central nail in 2Ø
spaced group. The pull-out capacity of the central nail in nail group with 6Ø
spacing, is not affected from the neighboring nails. In all tests, the plots of pull-out load on nail versus nail displacement show that, the peak value of load is followed by a sharp reduction. The peak pull-out load is mobilized at first few millimeters of the nail displacements. A 3D finite element program is used for numerical analyses of the experiments. The measured pull-out capacity of the soil nails are compared by the results of simulated forces obtained from these analyses. By and large, the agreement between the tests and the numerical analyses is observed to be satisfactory. The details of the numerical models are briefly presented in order to give insight into numerical modeling of soil nails in real applications.
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Books on the topic "Soil Nails"

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Singla, Sumant. Demonstration project 103: Design & construction monitoring of soil nail walls : project summary report. [Washington, D.C.]: Office of Infrastructure, Federal Highway Administration, 1999.

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Turner, Loren L. CalNail: A design tool for soil nail projects using field case histories. Sacramento: California Dept. of Transportation, 2006.

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Marie, Lacigová, and Sanconie Maïca 1955-, eds. 366 histoires: La cabane des sept nains : un conte pour chaque soir. Paris: Gründ, 2000.

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Use of Soil Nails for the Construction and Repair of Retaining Walls. Thomas Telford Ltd, 1999.

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J, Bryne R., United States. Federal Highway Administration., and Golder Associates, eds. Manual for design & construction monitoring of soil nail walls. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, 1998.

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Mignon, B., and M. Monod. Zoonotic infections with dermatophyte fungi. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198570028.003.0077.

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Dermatophytes are highly specialized pathogenic fungi which are the most common agents of superficial mycoses. These fungi grow exclusively in the stratum corneum, nails or hair utilising them as sole nitrogen and carbon sources. Dermatophyte species are recognized and classified as antropophilic, zoophilic, or geophilic, depending on their major reservoir in nature (humans, animals, and soil, respectively). Zoophilic dermatophytes may result in zoonoses when humans are exposed to these organisms and dermatophytosis is considered to be one of the most common zoonotic diseases. The majority of zoonotic dermatophytoses are caused by four species: Microsporum canis (usually derived from pet animals, particularly cats and dogs), Trichophyton verrucosum (usually derived from cattle), Arthroderma vanbreuseghemii (usually derived from cats and dogs) and Arthroderma benhamiae (usually derived from guinea-pigs). Infection results most often from direct contact with an infected animal, but may be also acquired indirectly through contact with a contaminated environment. While clinical disease is rarely serious, the lesions can result in disfigurement and pain. Diagnosis is based on history, clinical appearance and diagnostic procedures, e.g. direct microscopic examination of scales, hair or nail and fungal culture. Specific treatment is generally required to resolve lesions, and this may be prolonged depending on the fungal species and the host status. Identifying animals as the source of infection for people can help in the prevention of recurrence or new infections, especially in children, by adequately treating affected pets and their environments. Immunoprophylaxis is an attractive means of controlling infection in animals, and the development and widespread use of efficacious T. verrucosum vaccines in certain countries has already proved valuable in the management of cattle ringworm.
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United States. Federal Highway Administration., ed. Soil nailing inspectors manuals: Soil nail walls : demonstration project no. 103. [Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, 1998.

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J, Bryne R., United States. Federal Highway Administration, and Golder Associates, eds. Manual for design & construction monitoring of soil nail walls. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, 1998.

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9

J, Bryne R., United States. Federal Highway Administration., and Golder Associates, eds. Manual for design & construction monitoring of soil nail walls. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, 1998.

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10

J, Bryne R., United States. Federal Highway Administration., and Golder Associates, eds. Manual for design & construction monitoring of soil nail walls. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Soil Nails"

1

Keaton, Jeffrey R. "Soil Nails." In Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series, 872–73. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73568-9_268.

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Keaton, Jeffrey R. "Soil Nails." In Selective Neck Dissection for Oral Cancer, 1–2. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12127-7_268-1.

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Dumpa, Venkateswarlu, G. Kumar, Chandra Shekhar Rayi, M. Anjan Kumar, and G. V. R. Prasada Raju. "Effect of Soil Slope on Failure Mechanism of Soil-Nailed Structures by Aluminum Nails and Bamboo Nails." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 795–803. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6444-8_71.

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Juran, Ilan, and Victor Elias. "Ground Anchors and Soil Nails in Retaining Structures." In Foundation Engineering Handbook, 868–905. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3928-5_26.

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Zhou, Wan-Huan, Zhen-Yu Yin, and Ka-Veng Yuen. "Estimation of Pullout Shear Strength of Grouted Soil Nails." In Practice of Bayesian Probability Theory in Geotechnical Engineering, 195–213. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9105-1_8.

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Pandey, Akhil, Sagar Jaiswal, and Vinay Bhushan Chauhan. "Numerical Studies on the Behavior of Slope Reinforced with Soil Nails." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 217–28. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9984-2_19.

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Sheahan, Thomas C. "A Field Study of Soil Nails in Clay at the UMass NGES." In National Geotechnical Experimentation Sites, 250–63. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784404843.ch12.

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Yin, Jian-Hua. "Test Study of Pullout Resistance of Soil Nails in Compacted Completely Decomposed Granite Fill." In Proceedings of GeoShanghai 2018 International Conference: Fundamentals of Soil Behaviours, 329–37. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0125-4_36.

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Noor, M. J. Md, M. A. Saidin, and S. M. Tahir. "Effectiveness of Hybrid Anchor Soil Nails in Stabilizing Slopes and Stability Assessment Based on Mechanics." In Landslide Science for a Safer Geoenvironment, 707–13. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05050-8_109.

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Cheng, Qian-gong, Yu-feng Wang, and Jiu-jiang Wu. "Deformation Behavior of Excavated High Loess Slope Reinforced with Soil Nails and Pre-reinforced-Stabilizing Piles." In Engineering Geology for Society and Territory - Volume 6, 185–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09060-3_30.

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Conference papers on the topic "Soil Nails"

1

Bhuiyan, Mohammad Zahidul I., Shanyong Wang, John P. Carter, and Tabassum Mahzabeen Raka. "An Innovative Driven Soil Nail (x-Nail): A Promising Alternative to Conventional Soil Nails." In Geo-Congress 2020. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784482797.038.

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Rawat, Pankaj, and Kaustav Chatterjee. "Seismic Stability Analysis of Soil Slopes Using Soil Nails." In Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics V. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784481486.009.

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Kavazanjian, Edward, Abdullah Almajed, and Nasser Hamdan. "Bio-Inspired Soil Improvement Using EICP Soil Columns and Soil Nails." In Grouting 2017. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784480793.002.

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Wu, Jason Y., and Zhi-Ming Zhang. "Evaluations of Pullout Resistance of Grouted Soil Nails." In GeoHunan International Conference 2009. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41049(356)17.

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Sarač, Dino, Zhendong Li, Harkaman Gurung, and Alwalid Alekrish. "FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF WEAK ROCK UNDERCUT REINFORCED WITH SOIL NAILS." In GEO-EXPO. Društvo za geotehniku u Bosni i Hercegovini, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.35123/geo-expo_2018_19.

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Holman, Terence P., and Thomas J. Tuozzolo. "Load Development in Soil Nails from a Strain-Gauge Instrumented Wall." In International Foundation Congress and Equipment Expo 2009. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41023(337)4.

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Barrett, Colby, Runing Zhang, and Alan Rock. "Advances in Design Methodology for Landslide Repair Using Launched Soil Nails." In Geo-Congress 2013. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784412787.180.

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DeVries, B., and X. Yu. "Calibration of Resistance Factors of Soil Nails for the LBJ Express Project." In Geo-Congress 2014. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784413272.027.

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Jayawickrama, Priyantha W., and John B. Turner. "Influence of Grout Rheology and Placement Technique on Integrity of Soil Nails." In Geo-Congress 2013. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784412787.177.

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Kharanaghi, Mohsen Mahdavi, Marcelo Sanchez, Jean-Louis Briaud, and Gang Bi. "Creep Behavior of Soil Nails in High Plasticity Clay under Various Load Level." In Second Pan-American Conference on Unsaturated Soils. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784481691.005.

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Reports on the topic "Soil Nails"

1

Barrows, Richard. Two Dimensional Finite Element Modeling of Swift Delta Soil Nail Wall by "ABAQUS". Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.6625.

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