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1
Thomson, V. P., and M. R. Leishman. "Survival of native plants of Hawkesbury Sandstone communities with additional nutrients: effect of plant age and habitat." Australian Journal of Botany 52, no. 2 (2004): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt03047.
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Australian soils are naturally low in nutrient concentrations, particularly nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). Native plants are well adapted to low-nutrient soils, and can be adversely affected when exposed to higher concentrations of nutrients. The Hawkesbury Sandstone soils in northern Sydney are naturally low in nutrients, but often receive additional nutrient input from urban stormwater run-off. Increases in soil nutrients in urban bushland are associated with the presence of exotic species, and the decline in the diversity of native species. This study tested the hypothesis that high concentrations of nutrients, in particular P, in the disturbed soils of urban bushland, reduce survival of native plants. We examined the survival of native species under five different nutrient concentrations that are typical of nutrient-enriched urban bushland soil, in two glasshouse experiments. The experiments examined both survival of seedlings and survival of 6-month-old plants. We used native species that are adapted to both nutrient-poor and nutrient-rich soils. In general, the survival of native plants decreased with increasing nutrient concentrations. At soil total-P concentrations >200 mg kg–1, most plants died. Seedlings were more sensitive to added nutrients than the 6-month-old plants. Species that were from higher-nutrient soil had consistently higher survival than species from low-nutrient soils, under the nutrient addition treatments. These results suggest that at high soil nutrient concentrations typical of stormwater-affected urban bushland, native plant species of low-nutrient soils will be unable to survive. If ecological restoration works are to be done in such areas, replanting with more mature plants from naturally high-nutrient habitats is likely to be the most successful. However, restoration of these areas may have limited success and they are likely to remain dominated by exotic plant species.
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Ye, Chang, Guangjie Zheng, Yi Tao, Yanan Xu, Guang Chu, Chunmei Xu, Song Chen, Yuanhui Liu, Xiufu Zhang, and Danying Wang. "Effect of Soil Texture on Soil Nutrient Status and Rice Nutrient Absorption in Paddy Soils." Agronomy 14, no. 6 (June 20, 2024): 1339. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14061339.
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Soil texture affects rice nutrient uptake and yield formation by influencing soil structure, microbial activity, and soil nutrient supply capacity. Analyzing the relationship between soil texture, nutrient content, and rice agronomic traits is of great significance for precise and efficient fertilizer application. The tillage layer (0–20 cm) of 31 paddy fields in China’s main rice-producing areas was collected to perform rice pot experiments, and soil texture characteristics, physicochemical properties, microbial-related indicators, and rice agronomic traits were measured and analyzed. The results showed that these soils could be classified into four types of soil texture: loamy sandy soil, sandy loam soil, silty loam soil, and silty soil. Analysis of variance showed that the available nitrogen (AN), available potassium (AK), and available phosphorus (AP) contents were the highest in silty loam, silty, and sandy loam soils, respectively, and silt loamy soil had the highest CEC. Principal component analysis (PCA) also showed that soil physicochemical properties can be distinguished to a certain extent according to soil texture types. For the relationship of soil texture parameters and soil physicochemical properties, soil organic matter (OM), total nitrogen (TN), AN, ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N), and microbial carbon (MBC) contents were positively correlated with soil clay content, AK was positively correlated with silt content, and soil phosphorus status was significantly related to pH. Mantel’s test revealed significant correlations between rice N, P, and K nutrient status, dry matter accumulation, and yield, and soil available nutrient content, MBC, pH, and soil texture parameters. Structural equation modeling (SEM) indicated that sand affected soil available nutrients by regulating pH, while clay can positively influence soil available nutrients by affecting soil organic matter mineralization and microbial activity, thus influencing nutrient absorption and yield formation in rice. Overall, in rice production, the silty and silty loam paddy soil with fine texture and higher clay content facilitates the mineralization of soil organic matter and the activity of soil microbes, resulting in more available soil nutrients, which benefits the rice absorption and accumulation of nutrients. Furthermore, a higher content of clay also promotes the distribution of dry matter to the panicle, thereby promoting rice yield formation.
3
Molina, Armando, Veerle Vanacker, Oliver Chadwick, Santiago Zhiminaicela, Marife Corre, and Edzo Veldkamp. "Vegetation patterns associated with nutrient availability and supply in high-elevation tropical Andean ecosystems." Biogeosciences 21, no. 12 (July 1, 2024): 3075–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3075-2024.
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Abstract. Plants absorb nutrients and water through their roots and modulate soil biogeochemical cycles. The mechanisms of water and nutrient uptake by plants depend on climatic and edaphic conditions, as well as the plant root system. Soil solution is the medium in which abiotic and biotic processes exchange nutrients, and nutrient concentrations vary with the abundance of reactive minerals and fluid residence times. High-altitude ecosystems of the tropical Andes are interesting for the study of the association between vegetation, soil hydrology, and mineral nutrient availability at the landscape scale for different reasons. First of all, because of low rock-derived nutrient stocks in intensely weathered volcanic soils, biocycling of essential nutrients by plants is expected to be important for plant nutrient acquisition. Second, the ecosystem is characterized by strong spatial patterns in vegetation type and density at the landscape scale and hence is optimal to study soil-water–vegetation interactions. Third, the area is characterized by high carbon stocks but low rates of organic decomposition that might vary with soil hydrology, soil development, and geochemistry, all interconnected with vegetation. The páramo landscape forms a vegetation mosaic of bunch grasses, cushion-forming plants, and forests. In the nutrient-depleted nonallophanic Andosols, the plant rooting depth varies with drainage and soil moisture conditions. Rooting depths were shallower in seasonally waterlogged soils under cushion plants and deeper in well-drained soils under forest and tussock grasses (>100 cm). Vegetation composition is a relevant indicator of rock-derived nutrient availability in soil solutions. The soil solute chemistry revealed patterns in plant-available nutrients that were not mimicking the distribution of total rock-derived nutrients nor the exchangeable nutrient pool but clearly resulted from strong biocycling of cations and removal of nutrients from the soil by plant uptake or deep leaching. Soils under cushion plants showed solute concentrations of Ca, Mg, and Na of about 3 times higher than forest and tussock grasses. Differences were even stronger for dissolved Si with solute concentrations that were 16 times higher than forest and 6 times higher than tussock grasses. Amongst the macronutrients derived from lithogenic sources, P was a limiting nutrient with very low solute concentrations (<1 µM) for all three vegetation types. In contrast K showed greater solute concentrations under forest soils with values that were 2 to 3 times higher than under cushion-forming plants or tussock grasses. Our findings have important implications for future management of Andean páramo ecosystems where vegetation type distributions are dynamically changing as a result of warming temperatures and land use change. Such alterations may lead not only to changes in soil hydrology and solute geochemistry but also to complex changes in weathering rates and solute export downstream with effects on nutrient concentrations in Andean rivers and high-mountain lakes.
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Ma, Qifu, Zed Rengel, and Terry Rose. "The effectiveness of deep placement of fertilisers is determined by crop species and edaphic conditions in Mediterranean-type environments: a review." Soil Research 47, no. 1 (2009): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr08105.
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Much of our knowledge of plant growth in response to soil nutrient supply comes from studies under homogeneous soil conditions. However, the adoption of reduced or nil tillage and shallow banding of fertilisers at the time of seeding causes spatially variable distribution and availability of soil nutrients in agricultural lands. Soil available nutrients, particularly the poorly mobile ones such as phosphorus (P), potassium (K), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and copper (Cu), stratify within the fertilised topsoil. In water-limited environments where the topsoil is prone to drying, soil nutrient stratification may influence nutrient availability and plant uptake because of impeded root growth or reduced diffusion of immobile nutrients to the root surface, or more likely a combination of both factors. Placing fertilisers deeper in the soil profile could increase nutrient acquisition and utilisation by plants as fertiliser nutrients are in the moist soil for a longer part of the growing season. However, the effectiveness of deep placement of fertilisers may also be determined by soil texture, tillage, fertilising history, nutrient mobility, and crop species. In Mediterranean-type climates of southern Australia, a yield response of winter crops to deep fertiliser mostly occurs on infertile sandy soils in low rainfall regions. This contrasts with the responses of winter and summer crops in northern Australia on soils with optimum-to-high nutrients but subjected to rapid and frequent drying of topsoil because of high temperatures and high evaporation demand during the growing season. The pattern of nutrient accumulation by crop species (indeterminate v. determinate) and the mobility of mineral nutrients in the phloem would also modify the effectiveness of deep-placed nutrients under drought. The complexity of plant responses to subsoil nutrition may suggest that before adopting deep fertiliser practice in a paddock it is essential to understand the effects of edaphic and climatic conditions, soil management, and plant–soil interactions in order to achieve maximum yield benefit.
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Comerford, N. B., W. P. Cropper, Jr., Hua Li, P. J. Smethurst, K. C. J. Van Rees, E. J. Jokela, H. Adégbidi, and N. F. Barros. "Soil supply and nutrient demand (SSAND): A general nutrient uptake model and an example of its application to forest management." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 86, no. 4 (August 1, 2006): 655–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s05-112.
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Models of soil nutrient bioavailability and uptake assist in nutrient management and lead to a better understanding of nutrient dynamics in the soil-plant system. SSAND (Soil Supply and Nutrient Demand) is a steady state, mechanistic nutrient uptake simulation model based on mass flow and diffusive supply of nutrients to roots. It requires user inputs for soil and plant parameters to calculate a nutrient’s concentration at the root surface and the subsequent uptake by a plant root and/or extrametrical mycorrhizal hyphae. It can be considered a sub-model linked to hydrological or plant growth models. SSAND provides a basis for simulating nutrient uptake under different soil-plant scenarios, including multiple soil compartments, net mineralization inputs, changing root growth, changing mycorrhizal hyphae growth, changing soil water content and multiple fertilizer events. It incorporates uptake from roots and mycorrhizal hyphae, including the potential competition between these entities. It should be useful for simulating the effects of climate change on soil nutrient bioavailability. It should also be a useful tool for managers in evaluating fertilizer regime options. Key words: Nutrient bioavailability, nutrient uptake modeling, phosphorus uptake, mycorrhizae, Spodosols, climate change
6
Seman-Varner, R., R. McSorley, and R. N. Gallaher. "Soil nutrient and plant responses to solarization in an agroecosystem utilizing an organic nutrient source." Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 23, no. 2 (May 27, 2008): 149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742170507002001.
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AbstractSoil solarization is used to manage nematodes, pathogens and weeds, but relatively few studies have examined solarization effects on soil mineral nutrients, soil properties and plant tissue nutrients. This study was designed to optimize the duration of solarization treatment for the management of soil and plant nutrients and crop biomass in an agroecosystem utilizing an organic nutrient source. The experiment was a split-plot with treatment duration as the main effect and solarization as the sub-effect. Solarization treatments of 2-, 4- and 6-week durations began on sequential dates and concluded in mid-August. Immediately post-treatment, okra (Hibiscus esculentus L.) seedlings were transplanted into subplots for tissue nutrient analysis. Freshly chopped cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] hay was applied to the soil surface directly around the okra seedlings as an organic nutrient source. Immediately following solarization treatment, concentrations of soil K and Mn were higher, while Cu and Zn concentrations were lower in solarized soils than in non-solarized soils. Soil pH was slightly lower in solarized plots. Concentrations of K, N, Mg and Mn in okra leaf tissue were higher in solarized plots than in non-solarized plots, but concentrations of P and Zn were lower in plants grown in solarized soil. Okra biomass was three and four times higher in the 4- and 6-week solarization treatments than in non-solarized treatments. Based on data from this experiment, 4- and 6-week durations of solarization were optimal for increasing crop biomass. The data indicate that solarization has significant effects on soil and plant nutrients. Results of the nutrient analyses suggest that the availability of nutrients from an organic source was not limited by solarization.
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Moore, James A., Mark J. Kimsey, Mariann Garrison-Johnston, Terry M. Shaw, Peter Mika, and Jaslam Poolakkal. "Geologic Soil Parent Material Influence on Forest Surface Soil Chemical Characteristics in the Inland Northwest, USA." Forests 13, no. 9 (August 27, 2022): 1363. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13091363.
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Successful fertilization treatments targeted to improve stand productivity while reducing operational complexities and cost depend on a clear understanding of soil nutrient availability under varying environmental conditions. Soil nutrient data collected from 154 forest sites throughout the Inland Northwest, USA were analyzed to examine soil nutrient characteristics on different geologic soil parent materials and to rank soil fertility. Results show that soil parent material explains significant differences in soil nutrient availability. Soils developed from volcanic rocks have the highest cation exchange capacity (CEC) and are relatively high in phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), boron (B), and copper (Cu), but generally poor in mineralizable nitrogen (MinN). Forest soils developed from plutonic rocks exhibit the lowest CEC and are low in MinN, K, Ca, Mg, S, and Cu, but higher in P. Some soils located on mixed glacially derived soils are low only in K, Ca, Mg, and Cu, but many mixed glacial soils are relatively rich in other nutrients, albeit the second lowest CEC. Soils developed from metasedimentary and sedimentary rocks are among those with lowest soil nutrient availability for P and B. Sulfur was found to have the highest concentrations in metasedimentary influenced soils and the least in sedimentary derived soils. Our results should be useful in designing site-specific fertilizer and nutrient management prescriptions for forest stands growing on soils developed from these major geologies within the Inland Northwest region of the United States.
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Agada, B. I., LS O. Tasie, S. S. Snapp, and P. I. Agber. "Soil Nutrient Status of Smallholder Farmers in Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria." Journal of Global Agriculture and Ecology 16, no. 2 (May 29, 2024): 50–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.56557/jogae/2024/v16i28710.
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Soil nutrient depletion is a major threat to food security globally. The fertility status of soil forms the foundation of crop production in many small holder farm fields as nutrient element additions as inorganic, synthetic or organic fertilizers are low. Soils from small holder farmer fields were sampled individually with three (3) samples per the farmers field by three (3) depths of 0-30cm, 30-60 cm and 60-90cm with a population of thirty (30) farmers per council ward by three (3 )council wards only in ten (10) local government area (LGAs)) of Benue state. This paper reports for one (1) local government area - Makurdi, and one (1) depth, the topsoil (0-30cm). The study was to ascertain their nutrient status in three states in Nigeria with the creation of the first- ever digitalized and interactive nutrient elements and soil productivity index maps. We report findings for the soil nutrient status of the topsoils for Benue State as a digitalized map see link https://rb.gy/yfnz2m with focus on Makurdi local government area (LGA). The soil samples collected were geo-referenced and analyzed both insitu and in the laboratory following recommended standards for each nutrient element to define the soil nutrient status and critical limit for maize production. Generally, soils were sandy loam at the surface (0-30cm) while it was sandy clay loam at lower depths of 60cm and 90cm. The soils had moderate acidity with low to moderate levels of nutrients. The low nutrient status of the soil key nutrients of Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, underscores the need for improved soil management practices. These findings, supports a transition from current country wide fertilizer recommendation to site -specific nutrient management. New findings reported here are location specific and will aid in the curbing of greenhouse gases emissions for a healthier planet as well as increased productivity.
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National, Press Associates. "SOIL TESTING IS NECESSARY TO IMPROVE CROP PRODUCTIVITY AND SOIL HEALTH." Research & Reviews in Biotechnology & Biosciences 11, no. 2 (January 6, 2025): 7–10. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14605865.
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To understand the general physical, chemical, and biological activity of soil, soil testing is essential. There is unquestionably a nutrient shortage in the soil and crop when we observe that the soils are not reacting to crop sowing or fertilizer application. As a result, we are unable to attain the best possible crop growth, production, and soil health. Nutrient balance between crops and soil is ultimately negative. Farmers are nearly always providing direct All nutrients, including fertilizer, will be fully mined. Based on the results of a soil test, attained soil and crop health. Thus, soil testing will be necessary in the future to improve Crop yield, nutrient shortage, and soil fertility
10
Entry, James A., and William H. Emmingham. "Influence of forest age on nutrient availability and storage in coniferous soils of the Oregon Coast Range." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 25, no. 1 (January 1, 1995): 114–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x95-014.
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A substantial fraction of the organic matter and plant essential nutrients in forest ecosystems are contained in the soil. The role of soils in nutrient storage and availability is an essential component of ecosystem function and stability. The top 10 cm of soil contains the highest concentration of nutrients. To determine the influence of forest age on nutrient storage and availability in riparian soils, we compared concentrations, storage, and extractability of plant nutrients in the litter layer and top 10 cm of mineral soil in old-, second-, and young-growth riparian forests. The analysis of variance for nutrient concentration, nutrient storage, or nutrients extracted in both the litter layer and top 10 cm of mineral soil showed no significant differences among sites or seasons for any nutrient; only differences among forest ages will be discussed. Concentrations of N, P, Mg, Mn, and Cu in forest litter did not differ by forest age, but concentrations of K, Ca, and B were significantly higher in old-growth forest litter than in the litter of second-or young-growth forests. In mineral soil, the concentrations of all nutrients were statistically equal for all forest ages. Old-growth forests stored significantly (P ≤ 0.05) greater amounts of all nutrients measured in the litter layer, and greater amounts of N, P, and K in the mineral soil, than were stored in second- or young-growth forests. Greater amounts of P, B, and Zn were extracted from old-growth forest litter than from either second- or young-growth forest litter, and greater amounts of P, K, Mn, B, and Zn were extracted from old-growth mineral soil than from second- or young-growth mineral soil. The amount of each nutrient stored in the litter layer of the different-aged forests correlated curvilinearly with the amount of C in the litter layer of these forests; r2 ranged from 0.60 to 0.83. Also, the amount of N, K, and Ca stored in the mineral soil correlated curvilinearly with the amount of C in the soil; r2 ranged from 0.50 to 0.76.
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Wibiralske, Anne W., Roger Earl Latham, and Arthur H. Johnson. "A biogeochemical analysis of the Pocono till barrens and adjacent hardwood forest underlain by Wisconsinan and Illinoian till in northeastern Pennsylvania." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 34, no. 9 (September 1, 2004): 1819–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x04-047.
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We assessed soil and vegetation nutrient capital in the landscape mosaic of till barrens and hardwood forests on the Pocono Plateau in northeastern Pennsylvania. These shrublands, which contain an unusual abundance of rare species, occur primarily on Illinoian-aged glacial till, though some patches grow on Wisconsinan till. We hypothesized that barrens soil and vegetation contain smaller quantities of nutrients than forest soil and vegetation, and under the same vegetation, Illinoian till soils have a smaller nutrient content than Wisconsinan till soils. We measured pH, total C and N, and exchangeable Ca, Mg, K, and Al content of the soils and determined C, N, Ca, Mg, K, and P content of the vegetation. Litter and soil organic matter in the barrens have a higher C/N ratio than the forest. The Illinoian barrens Oa horizon is thicker and contains a greater quantity of exchangeable mineral nutrients than the other Oa horizons. Differences in vegetation nutrient capital strongly mirror differences in biomass. Our results show no strong association of parent material with soil or vegetation nutrient capital. Instead, they suggest that plant community characteristics, not soil nutrient availability, shape the landscape pattern of barrens and forest, particularly plant-driven positive feedbacks primarily involving fire frequency.
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A.K, Rohith, Dhanesh Kumar T.V, Kota Adilakshmi, Gouri M, and Sathish Thangarasu. "Micronutrient Diffusion Behavior of Nutrient Pellets in Acid Sulphate Soils." Journal of Geography, Environment and Earth Science International 29, no. 1 (February 4, 2025): 69–78. https://doi.org/10.9734/jgeesi/2025/v29i1856.
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Nutrient bias of acid sulphate soils with overabundance of oxides and sulphates of iron and aluminum fabricates acidic nature in soil as well as inadequacy of other essential nutrients. Crop production in acid sulphate soil is found challenging due to the deteriorating nutrient status hence, this soil is deemed as problem soil. This study aims to concoct a multinutrient pellet for the enhancement of nutrient status in acid sulphate soil, using nutrient sources permitted in National Programme for Organic Production. Laboratory incubation experiment was performed to evaluate the nutrient release characteristics of pellets for 60 days in completely randomized design with 8 treatments and 3 replications. Standard procedures were employed to analyze the nutrient composition of pellets and nutrient concentration of soil samples drawn at regular intervals. N content was highest in Pellet 3 (Blood meal +Steamed bone meal +Potassium sulphate) while P & K content were highest in Pellet 1 (Blood meal +Rock phosphate +Potassium sulphate). Soil pH and electrical conductivity increased with days of incubation while organic carbon decreased. Nutrient availability surged from day 1 to 60 and the maximum was observed on 60thday of incubation. The blood meal-based pellets had the strong propensity to perpetuate and enhance the nutrient release to the soil in comparison with other pellets. Hence, the replacement of conventional fertilizers by organic multinutrient pellets can optimize the nutrient cachets of acid sulphate soils.
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Čekstere, Gunta, Anita Osvalde, and Māris Laiviņš. "Mineral Nutrition of Young Ash in Latvia." Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences. 70, no. 3 (June 1, 2016): 138–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/prolas-2016-0022.
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Abstract The research objectives were: 1) to determine healthy young ash supply with nutrients and their concentrations in natural growth conditions; 2) to estimate nutrient balance and inter-correlations within a system “soil-plants”; and 3) to determine the potential effect of environmental conditions (forest type, plant phytosociological group, soil group, etc.) on nutrient accumulation in soil and leaves of young ash. The investigation was conducted in 28 different forest sites with young ash in Latvia. The results demonstrated that young ash grows well on a wide range of site types in terms of soil composition, forest type and phytosociological tree group. Although highly heterogeneous, soil in ash stands in Latvia can provide a sufficient supply of nutrients. Therefore, the nutrient status of healthy young ash leaves can be characterized as sufficient, although low levels of P, Zn, and K in leaves was found for most sites. Significant impact of soil group and forest type was found on nutrient composition of ash soil, while leaf nutrient concentrations were more dependent on the forest type and phytosociological tree group. The obtained results confirmed the ability of ash to accumulate nutrients within a certain range from soils of different fertility, organic matter content and soil reaction in Latvia.
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Medina-Roldán, Eduardo, Meixin Wang, Takafumi Miyasaka, Yueming Pan, Xiang Li, Bing Liu, and Hao Qu. "Precipitation Controls Topsoil Nutrient Buildup in Arid and Semiarid Ecosystems." Agriculture 14, no. 12 (December 23, 2024): 2364. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14122364.
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Soil nutrient buildup is a key process in nutrient-poor arid and semiarid regions. However, our knowledge of the factors that control soil nutrient buildup in these systems is still limited. An experiment was set up and carried out for five and a half years in order to investigate how precipitation and other site factors control soil nutrient buildup. Topsoil carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) derived from litter (soil nutrient buildup) were tracked twice a year at two sites differing in terms of climate and soils (Urat: arid and Naiman: semiarid, both in Inner Mongolia). Precipitation was manipulated at both sites to include seven precipitation levels: three reduced levels (−20, −40, and −60% with respect to the background), background (control), and three enhanced levels (+20, +40, and +60% with respect to the background). The dynamic buildup (i.e., amount of nutrients released among consecutive samplings) for all nutrients was controlled by precipitation (nonlinearly), site effects (lower buildup at the site dominated by aeolian pedogenesis), and seasonality (higher under warm conditions). However, the considered nutrients differed in the factor that most determined their buildup. Through studying the concurrent dynamics of litter decomposition and soil nutrient buildup, we can foresee that changes in precipitation and land degradation are most likely to affect the soil nutrient pools in these ecosystems.
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M, Paramasivan, Malarvizhi P, Thiyageshwari S, and Velayudham K. "A New Systematic Technique for Optimum Fertilizer Treatment in Fertilizer Response Experiments." Madras Agricultural Journal 99, September (2012): 492–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.100122.
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Experiments were carried out to optimize the nutrients for hybrid maize through nutrient sorption study and green house experiment during 2007- 2008 at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore. A systematic procedure for optimum nutrient treatment (ONT) as the basis for formulating the treatment structure for field experiments for fertilizer response studies was tested in the present investigation in two soil series belonging to Mayamankuruchi (Typic Haplustepts and Madukkur (Udic Haplustalfs). Nutrient sorption studies were conducted in these soils for P, K, S, Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn and B. The critical level of nutrients for these soils were fixed prescribed by Portch and Hunter. The sorption curves were used to formulate Optimum Nutrient Treatment (ONT). The validity of these ONTs was verified in a green house experiment using the same soil. The two experimental soils were found to deficient in N, P, K and Zn, and their optimum amounts varied between the soils. The optimum nutrients for hybrid maize var. COHM5 were formulated for these two soil series from this study.
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Robson, AD, NE Longnecker, and LD Osborne. "Effects of heterogeneous nutrient supply on root growth and nutrient uptake in relation to nutrient supply on duplex soils." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 32, no. 7 (1992): 879. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9920879.
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Most duplex soils in Western Australia are characterised by multiple nutrient deficiencies. Applications of micronutrients, as well as the macronutrients phosphorus, potassium, nitrogen and sulfur, have been essential for crop and pasture production on these soils. Duplex soils are characterised by heterogeneity in the distribution of mineral nutrients with depth. Additionally, there is heterogeneity both vertically and horizontally in suitability of soil conditions for root growth. There are at least 2 consequences of this heterogeneity for the mineral nutrition of plants on duplex soils. First, there are important effects of localised nutrient supply on root growth and nutrient uptake. Second, identification of nutrient deficiencies by soil and plant analysis is complicated by variation in nutrient supply through time and with depth. These 2 consequences are examined.
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Ardianti, Arini Ayu, Faris Nur Fauzi Athallah, Restu Wulansari, and Kurniawan Sigit Wicaksono. "The relationship Between Soil Chemical Properties and Uptake of Tea Plant Nutrient in PTPN VI Jambi." Jurnal Tanah dan Sumberdaya Lahan 9, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 181–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jtsl.2022.009.1.20.
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Healthy soil could support plant growth by optimizing the availability of nutrients. The availability of nutrients influences the health of tea plants. Nutrient deficiencies would affect the plant physiology that exhibits the plant withering. This study aimed to define the relationship between soil nutrient availability with plant nutrient uptake. This research was conducted by managing secondary data soil chemical properties, and tea plant nutrients analyzed statistically with Pearson correlation. This study only found a significant correlation between soil pH with P and Mg uptake. Correlation results between soil nutrient and plant nutrient uptake obtained a significantly negative correlation on soil pH with P and Mg nutrients with a correlation value of pH-P (r=-0.52), pH-Mg (r=-0.52). There was no correlation between other soil nutrients and plant nutrient uptake. The results of this study can be used to determine the dose of fertilization and the management recommendation of tea plants.
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An, Xia, Qin Liu, Feixiang Pan, Yu Yao, Xiahong Luo, Changli Chen, Tingting Liu, et al. "Research Advances in the Impacts of Biochar on the Physicochemical Properties and Microbial Communities of Saline Soils." Sustainability 15, no. 19 (October 3, 2023): 14439. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151914439.
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The scientific management of salinized agricultural lands and the use of undeveloped saline lands to ensure food security have become one of the most urgent tasks nowadays. Biochar contains rich carbon (C) and functional groups, and processes high alkalinity, porosity, and specific surface areas. Thus, it has been widely used as an effective organic conditioner in acidic or neutral soils to improve their fertility. However, so far, the impacts of biochar application on properities of saline soils and the underlying mechanisms remain unveiled. Therefore, in this study, we focus on the investigation of the impacts of biochar on the physical, chemical, and biological properties of saline soils. We found that biochar could: (1) decrease soil bulk density (BD), increase soil porosity, promote the formation of soil aggregation and enhance the leaching of soil salts; (2) increase the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of soil, decrease the salinity of soil through ion exchange and adsorption, directly act as the nutrient supplements to compensate the nutrients deficiency in soil, and indirectly adsorb water and nutrients or improved nutrient availability; (3) directly act as the nutrient supplements, indirectly adsorb water and nutrients or improved nutrient availability (e.g., soil organic carbon (SOC) turnover and sequestration, nutrient cycling); and (4) improve the structure and functioning of the soil microbial community and therefore indirectly impact the carbon, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) cycling in soil systems. However, these impacts heavily depend on the properties, the concentration of the biochar added to the soil, and the type and location of the soil. In fact, some studies have shown that the addition of biochar in soil could even increase the salinity of saline soils. Another issue is the lack of long-term and large-scale field experiments regarding the impact of biochar addition on properties of saline soils. Therefore, future studies should focus on long-term field experiments with the combination of traditional soil analytical, methods and mordern molecular techniques (high-throughput sequencing, macro-genomics, and metabolomics) to comprehensively reveal the response mechanism of physicochemical properties and microbial characteristics of saline soils to exogenous biochar. Our study can provide a scientific foundation for the practical agricultural production and ecological management of biochar.
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Reed, Courtney G., Michelle L. Budny, Johan T. du Toit, Ryan Helcoski, Joshua P. Schimel, Izak P. J. Smit, Tercia Strydom, et al. "Elephant megacarcasses increase local nutrient pools in African savanna soils and plants." Biogeosciences 22, no. 6 (March 25, 2025): 1583–96. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1583-2025.
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Abstract. African elephants (Loxodonta africana) are the largest extant terrestrial mammals, with bodies containing enormous quantities of nutrients. Yet, we know little about how these nutrients move through the ecosystem after an elephant dies. Here, we investigated the initial effects (1–26 months postmortem) of elephant megacarcasses on savanna soil and plant nutrient pools in the Kruger National Park, South Africa. We hypothesized that (H1) elephant megacarcass decomposition would release nutrients into soil, resulting in higher concentrations of soil nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and micronutrients near the center of carcass sites; (H2) carbon (C) inputs into the soil would stimulate microbial activity, resulting in increased soil respiration potential near the center of carcass sites; and (H3) carcass-derived nutrients would be absorbed by plants, resulting in higher foliar nutrient concentrations near the center of carcass sites. To test our hypotheses, we identified 10 elephant carcass sites split evenly between nutrient-poor granitic and nutrient-rich basaltic soils. At each site, we ran transects in the four cardinal directions from the center of the carcass site, collecting soil and grass (Urochloa trichopus, formerly U. mosambicensis) samples at 0, 2.5, 5, 10, and 15 m. We then analyzed samples for C, N, P, and micronutrient concentrations and quantified soil microbial respiration potential. We found that concentrations of soil nitrate, ammonium, δ15N, phosphate, and sodium were elevated closer to the center of carcass sites (H1). Microbial respiration potentials were positively correlated with soil organic C, and both respiration and organic C decreased with distance from the carcass (H2). Finally, we found evidence that plants were readily absorbing carcass-derived nutrients from the soil, with foliar %N, δ15N, iron, potassium, magnesium, and sodium significantly elevated closer to the center of carcass sites (H3). Together, these results indicate that elephant megacarcasses release ecologically consequential pulses of nutrients into the soil which stimulate soil microbial activity and are absorbed by plants into the above-ground nutrient pools. These localized nutrient pulses may drive spatiotemporal heterogeneity in plant diversity, herbivore behavior, and ecosystem processes.
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Salvador, Simone Martini, Aline Aparecida Ludvichak, Dione Richer Momolli, Kristiana Fiorentin dos Santos, Catarine Barcellos Consensa, Mauro Valdir Schumacher, and James Stahl. "Removal of nutrients due to biomass harvest of Eucalyptus urograndis in different soils: macronutrients." Ambiente e Agua - An Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Science 16, no. 3 (May 17, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4136/ambi-agua.2671.
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Intensive management of forest stands can increase biomass production, as well as increase the removal of nutrients from the site. This study therefore sought to simulate different harvest intensities and to calculate the nutrient-use efficiency of Eucalyptus urograndis in different types of soil. The study was carried out in a plantation of seven-year-old hybrid E. urograndis in the city of Telêmaco Borba, Paraná, Brazil. The study site included two sub areas with sandy soil and clayey soil (Cambisols Inceptisol and Ferralsols Oxisols, respectively). Using biomass and nutrients stock data, nutrient removal was simulated under five different harvest scenarios. Nutrient-use efficiency was obtained from the relation between the amount of biomass and nutrients of each tree component. Harvesting the whole tree resulted in the removal of approximately 61% of the nutrients from the site in sandy soil, while in clayey soil 57% of the nutrients were removed. With harvesting of only the commercial stemwood, only 22% of the nutrients were removed from the sandy soil, and 21% from the clayey soil. Stemwood was the component that had the highest nutrient-use efficiency values for all the analyzed nutrients. In conclusion, to achieve nutritional sustainability of E. urograndis stands, the best harvesting system involves the removal of only commercial stemwood. For the production of stemwood, sandy soils have a greater biological efficiency of calcium and magnesium when compared to clayey soil.
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Mylavarapu, R. S. "Diagnostic Nutrient Testing." HortTechnology 20, no. 1 (February 2010): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.20.1.19.
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Recommendations made for nutrient applications have traditionally focused on economic yield and quality. However, present-day testing procedures and recommendations are required to simultaneously ensure economical and environmental sustainability of agricultural production systems. A soil test is a calibrated index relating crop response to applied nutrients. Any application rate devoid of an economical response in yield or quality is deemed unnecessary. Therefore, a soil test becomes the first step in any nutrient best management practice (BMP) development, implementation, and monitoring activity. Certain significant areas in Florida, such as calcareous soils, require development of calibrated soil tests rather urgently. Nutrient sufficiency of perennial crops and deficiency diagnostics can be gauged through in-season plant tissue testing. Nutrient delivery for correcting the deficiency through foliar sprays is not always effective, and may require multiple applications. Spectral reflectance methods show significant promise as an alternative to traditional wet chemistry analyses with regard to ease, costs, and speed with wider range of applications, including natural resources. Additional research is needed to develop this technology for field-scale applications. Current research is focusing on environmental nutrient management to include nutrient sources, application rates and timing, nutrient uptake efficiency, retention capacity of soils, estimating and minimizing nutrient losses to the environment, etc. Nutrient loss assessments tools such as the Florida phosphorus (P) index and bahia (Paspalum notatum) and citrus (Citrus spp.) tests for P are now being made possible in Florida through integration of soil and tissue testing methods. Development and improvements of such analytical methods and tools specific to Florida to include other nutrients, heavy metals, soil capacity, and ecosensitive regions, is vital to ensure sustainability to the state's tourism, agriculture, and urban-rural balance.
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Chauhan, Sunita, Merodi Sanga, Hitesh Solanki, and Linz Buoy. "COMPRESSION OF SOIL FERTILITY BETWEEN ORGANIC AND CHEMICAL FARMING." VIDYA - A JOURNAL OF GUJARAT UNIVERSITY 3, no. 2 (December 26, 2024): 191–97. https://doi.org/10.47413/53avr823.
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Context This comparative study investigates soil nutrient retention in organic versus chemical farming systems. As agricultural practices evolve to meet growing food demands, understanding impacts on soil health becomes increasingly crucial. Aims This study aims to elucidate how different farming practices influence soil nutrient dynamics which are essential for sustainable crop production and environmental conservation. Methods The study investigates the impact of organic and chemical farming practices on soil parameters including pH, electrical conductivity (EC), moisture content, the availability of macronutrients such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and sulfur (Su) and micronutrients such as iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and chlorine (Cl). Key results Data from experimental fields subjected to organic and chemical treatments were analyzed to determine differences in nutrient retention and overall soil health. Findings indicate that organic farming significantly enhances soil organic matter and microbial activity, improving nutrient retention and cycling. The organic plots exhibited higher levels for many soil parameters and nutrients, which is attributed to the slow-release nature of organic inputs. Chemical soils often exhibit lower levels of essential nutrients and micronutrients, and their reliance on synthetic inputs may result in adverse environmental impacts such as nutrient runoff and soil pollution. Conclusion These findings underscore the importance of organic farming practices in improving soil nutrient retention and fostering sustainable agriculture.
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Swami, Sanjay. "Soil nutrient status under different agro-climatic zones of Jammu region, India." International Journal of Agricultural and Applied Sciences 1, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.52804/ijaas2020.114.
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In the North Western Himalayas, particularly Jammu region, where 85% of people depend on agriculture and allied sectors, 70% of agriculture is rain-fed. Various factors, especially land use pattern and variations in climatic conditions affect the soil fertility and nutrient contents. However, information on essential nutrients in the soil across the region is meager. An attempt has been made to study the soil nutrient status under different agro-climatic zones of Jammu region. Seven hundred seventy surface soil samples (0-15 cm) from sub-tropical, intermediate and temperate zones of Jammu region were collected and analyzed for soil texture, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), organic carbon (OC), CaCO3, CEC, available macro nutrients (N, P, K, S) and micronutrients (Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn). The results indicated large variation within the soils of each zone. The amount of all the available nutrients was more in the soils of temperate zone than those of other zones. The soils of sub-tropical zones were low in available N, P, S and Zn and to some extent in K. Organic matter content, clay and silt content of the soil vis-à-vis cation exchange capacity were found to be the main factors controlling the available nutrient content of the studied soils.
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Hayes, Emma, Suzanne Higgins, Josie Geris, and Donal Mullan. "Grassland Reseeding: Impact on Soil Surface Nutrient Accumulation and Using LiDAR-Based Image Differencing to Infer Implications for Water Quality." Agriculture 12, no. 11 (November 4, 2022): 1854. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12111854.
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Long-term phosphorus (P) accumulation in agricultural soils presents a challenge for water quality improvement. P is commonly elevated in soils managed for intensive livestock production due to repeated overapplication of slurry and fertilisers. High legacy nutrient accumulations result in poor water quality via transport pathways such as surface runoff, subsurface drainage, and soil erosion. To achieve environmental water quality targets, improved management strategies are required for targeting and reducing excess agricultural P sources. Reseeding of old swards is known to improve grassland productivity and enhance overall soil health. However, soil disturbance associated with reseeding could have positive and negative impacts on other soil functions that affect the nutrient balance (including improved microbial activity, but also increasing the potential for sediment and nutrient losses). This study investigates the impact of reseeding and inversion tillage in addressing soil surface nutrient surpluses and identifies potential trade-offs between production, environment (through soil erosion and associated sediment and nutrient losses), and soil health. At a study site in the Blackwater catchment in Northern Ireland, we collected high-resolution (35 m) gridded soil samples pre- and post-reseeding for nutrient analyses and combined this with GIS-based interpolation. We found that decreases in sub-field scale surface nutrient content (0–7.5 cm depth) occurred following tillage and reseeding, but that this was spatially variable. In addition, the magnitude of changes in nutrient content was variable between P and other sampled nutrients. LiDAR-based image differencing indicated variability in the magnitude of soil erosion and sediment loss also at sub-field scale. Information on the identified deposition and erosion zones (from LiDAR analysis) was combined with mass wasting data to determine accumulation rates and losses of nutrients in-field and confirmed some of the identified patterns in soil surface nutrient content changes post-reseeding. We conclude that while inversion tillage and reseeding are essential agricultural practices, environmental trade-offs exist through potential nutrient and sediment losses. LiDAR-based image differencing was found to be a useful tool in helping to quantify these risks. Quantifying sediment and nutrient losses as a result of inversion tillage and reseeding induced soil erosion aids in understanding potential trends in water quality statuses.
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Bremer, E., J. J. Miller, and T. Curtis. "Placement of ion-exchange membranes for monitoring nutrient release from flooded soils." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 98, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 709–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjss-2018-0082.
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Placement of Plant Root Simulator (PRS®) probes (ion-exchange membranes in a plastic support) may strongly influence nutrient supply measurements and their relationship to nutrient loss to overlying water due to gradients in ion activity and redox potential with depth. A laboratory study was conducted with two soils contrasting in potential nutrient loss (manured vs. unamended control) to determine the impact of probe placement (vertical, horizontal, and flat on the soil surface) on nutrient supply rate. The supply rates of the redox-sensitive nutrients Mn and Fe were generally 1–2 orders of magnitude lower for PRS probes placed on the soil surface than buried vertically. In contrast, the supply rate of P and K varied by 1–2 orders of magnitude between soils, but placement impacts were modest or absent. The ratio between manured and control soils in water P concentration was identical to that of soil P supply rate determined with PRS probes placed flat on the soil surface. All placements were effective in demonstrating the increased potential for loss of P and K from the manured soil, but only measurements from PRS probes placed on the soil surface were closely related to loss of the redox-sensitive nutrients Mn and Fe.
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Adomako, Michael Opoku, Sergio Roiloa, and Fei-Hai Yu. "Potential Roles of Soil Microorganisms in Regulating the Effect of Soil Nutrient Heterogeneity on Plant Performance." Microorganisms 10, no. 12 (December 3, 2022): 2399. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10122399.
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The spatially heterogeneous distribution of soil nutrients is ubiquitous in terrestrial ecosystems and has been shown to promote the performance of plant communities, influence species coexistence, and alter ecosystem nutrient dynamics. Plants interact with diverse soil microbial communities that lead to an interdependent relationship (e.g., symbioses), driving plant community productivity, belowground biodiversity, and soil functioning. However, the potential role of the soil microbial communities in regulating the effect of soil nutrient heterogeneity on plant growth has been little studied. Here, we highlight the ecological importance of soil nutrient heterogeneity and microorganisms and discuss plant nutrient acquisition mechanisms in heterogeneous soil. We also examine the evolutionary advantages of nutrient acquisition via the soil microorganisms in a heterogeneous environment. Lastly, we highlight a three-way interaction among the plants, soil nutrient heterogeneity, and soil microorganisms and propose areas for future research priorities. By clarifying the role of soil microorganisms in shaping the effect of soil nutrient heterogeneity on plant performance, the present study enhances the current understanding of ecosystem nutrient dynamics in the context of patchily distributed soil nutrients.
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Havlin, John, and Ron Heiniger. "Soil Fertility Management for Better Crop Production." Agronomy 10, no. 9 (September 8, 2020): 1349. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10091349.
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Increasing crop productivity per unit of land area to meet future food and fiber demand increases both soil nutrient removal and the importance of replenishing soil fertility through efficient nutrient management practices. Significant progress in enhancing nutrient-use efficiency in production agriculture requires improved estimates of plant-available nutrients in the root zone, enhanced crop response to applied nutrients, and reduced offsite nutrient transport. This special issue, Soil Fertility Management for Better Crop Production, presents 15 manuscripts that advance our knowledge of interrelated soil, plant, and management factors important to increasing the nutrient availability and crop recovery of applied nutrients.
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Ndlovu, Siphelele, Terence N. Suinyuy, María A. Pérez-Fernández, and Anathi Magadlela. "Encephalartos natalensis, Their Nutrient-Cycling Microbes and Enzymes: A Story of Successful Trade-Offs." Plants 12, no. 5 (February 24, 2023): 1034. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12051034.
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Encephalartos spp. establish symbioses with nitrogen (N)-fixing bacteria that contribute to soil nutrition and improve plant growth. Despite the Encephalartos mutualistic symbioses with N-fixing bacteria, the identity of other bacteria and their contribution to soil fertility and ecosystem functioning is not well understood. Due to Encephalartos spp. being threatened in the wild, this limited information presents a challenge in developing comprehensive conservation and management strategies for these cycad species. Therefore, this study identified the nutrient-cycling bacteria in Encephalartos natalensis coralloid roots, rhizosphere, and non-rhizosphere soils. Additionally, the soil characteristics and soil enzyme activities of the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils were assayed. The coralloid roots, rhizosphere, and non-rhizosphere soils of E. natalensis were collected from a population of >500 E. natalensis in a disturbed savanna woodland at Edendale in KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa) for nutrient analysis, bacterial identification, and enzyme activity assays. Nutrient-cycling bacteria such as Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus; Paraburkholderia sabiae, and Novosphingobium barchaimii were identified in the coralloid roots, rhizosphere, and non-rhizosphere soils of E. natalensis. Phosphorus (P) cycling (alkaline and acid phosphatase) and N cycling (β-(D)-Glucosaminidase and nitrate reductase) enzyme activities showed a positive correlation with soil extractable P and total N concentrations in the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils of E. natalensis. The positive correlation between soil enzymes and soil nutrients demonstrates that the identified nutrient-cycling bacteria in E. natalensis coralloid roots, rhizosphere, and non-rhizosphere soils and associated enzymes assayed may contribute to soil nutrient bioavailability of E. natalensis plants growing in acidic and nutrient-poor savanna woodland ecosystems.
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Feng, Ming, Jian Xiang, Xiaofang Ji, and Jiang Jiang. "Larger Soil Water-Stable Aggregate May Exert a Negative Effect on Nutrient Availability: Results from Red Soil (Ultisol), in South China." Forests 14, no. 5 (May 9, 2023): 975. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14050975.
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Soil aggregates are the basic units of soil, which regulate soil carbon cycling and nutrient availability through the protective effect of soil aggregates on soil organic matter. It is still uncertain whether larger aggregates are more conducive to soil nutrient availability in red soil. This study explored the regulation of soil aggregates on soil nutrient availability by studying the distribution of soil aggregates, nutrient concentrations, nutrient availability and organo-mineral bonds in soil aggregates in a low-productivity Chinese fir forest, in south China. We sampled the 0–10 cm soil with nine repeated plots and analyzed the soil aggregate structure, total nutrients, available nutrients and organo-mineral bonds of soil aggregates. The results showed that the contribution of >2 mm soil aggregates to soil nutrients was highest, because the mass of >2 mm soil aggregates accounted for about 50% of the total mass of aggregates and was much higher than that of other aggregates. The availability (available nutrient/total nutrient) of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium increased with decreases in soil aggregate size, indicating that soil aggregates with a larger particle size were more averse to nutrient availability. Strong organo-mineral bonds accounted for more than 80% of the total organo-mineral bonds in the soil aggregates of each size, and the proportion of weak organo-mineral bonds in the soil aggregate increased with decreases in the soil aggregate size. There was a significant negative correlation between the size of soil aggregates and the proportion of weak organo-mineral bonds in soil aggregates. The availability of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in soil aggregates was positively correlated with the proportion of weak organo-mineral bonds. These results suggest that Fe/Al oxides may play an important role in regulating nutrient availability, especially in red soil. A higher proportion of strong organo-mineral bonds in larger soil aggregates may exert a stronger negative effect on the accessibility of microorganisms to organic matter and result in a lower nutrient availability. In conclusion, this study shows that larger-sized soil macroaggregates may exert a negative effect on nutrient availability, owing to a higher proportion of strong binding bonds, which can better prevent microorganisms from mineralizing organic matter into effective nutrients in red soil.
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Yang, Qingmiao, Hanwen Liu, Biao Tang, Chunxiao Yu, Shide Dong, Yang Li, Guangxu Cui, Yi Zhang, and Guangmei Wang. "Rare Taxa as Key Drivers of Soil Multi-Nutrient Cycling Under Different Crop Types." Microorganisms 13, no. 3 (February 26, 2025): 513. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13030513.
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Soil microorganisms are crucial for nutrient cycling, with abundant and rare taxa playing distinct roles. However, the mechanisms by which soil microbes influence nutrient cycling under different crop types remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the network structure, diversity, and microbial composition of croplands in the Yellow River Delta, focusing on four primary crops: soybean, maize, cotton, and sorghum. The findings revealed that the co-occurring network structure of sorghum planting-soils exhibited greater complexity than other crop types. Bacterial alpha diversity in cotton-planting soil is the highest and susceptible to environmental variations. The diversity of both rare and abundant taxa responds differently to soil nutrients depending on the crop type. While abundant taxa play a crucial role in soil multi-nutrient cycling, rare taxa are key drivers of variations in nutrient cycling expression. The diversity of rare taxa showed a strong correlation with critical nutrients. Structural equation modeling revealed that the alpha diversity of rare bacterial and fungal taxa significantly influenced the soil multi-nutrient cycling index (MNC). Specifically, higher Shannon indices of rare bacterial taxa were associated with lower MNC, while the opposite was true for soil fungi. Soil organic carbon and soil total nitrogen are the key factors influencing alpha diversity in rare bacterial and fungal taxa. Moreover, this study provides new insights into the role of rare soil microbial diversity in the nutrient cycling of agricultural ecosystems.
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Muneer, Muhammad Atif, Xiaoman Huang, Wei Hou, Yadong Zhang, Yuanyang Cai, Muhammad Zeeshan Munir, Liangquan Wu, and Chaoyuan Zheng. "Response of Fungal Diversity, Community Composition, and Functions to Nutrients Management in Red Soil." Journal of Fungi 7, no. 7 (July 12, 2021): 554. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7070554.
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Soil fungi play a critical role in plant performance and soil nutrient cycling. However, the understanding of soil fungal community composition and functions in response to different nutrients management practices in red soils remains largely unknown. Here, we investigated the responses of soil fungal communities and functions under conventional farmer fertilization practice (FFP) and different nutrient management practices, i.e., optimization of NPK fertilizer (O) with soil conditioner (O + C), with lime and mushroom residue (O + L + M), and with lime and magnesium fertilizer (O + L + Mg). Illumina high-throughput sequencing was used for fungal identification, while the functional groups were inferred with FUNGuild. Nutrient management practices significantly raised the soil pH to 4.79–5.31 compared with FFP (3.69), and soil pH had the most significant effect (0.989 ***) on fungal communities. Predominant phyla, including Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Mortierellomycota were identified in all treatments and accounted for 94% of all fungal communities. The alpha diversity indices significantly increased under nutrients management practices compared with FFP. Co-occurrence network analysis revealed the keystone fungal species in the red soil, i.e., Ascomycota (54.04%), Basidiomycota (7.58%), Rozellomycota (4.55%), and Chytridiomycota (4.04%). FUNGuild showed that the relative abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and ectomycorrhizal fungi was higher, while pathogenic fungi were lower under nutrient management practices compared with FFP. Our findings have important implications for the understanding of improvement of acidic soils that could significantly improve the soil fungal diversity and functioning in acidic soils.
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Stewart Jr., C. Neal, and Erik T. Nilsen. "Drosera rotundifolia growth and nutrition in a natural population with special reference to the significance of insectivory." Canadian Journal of Botany 70, no. 7 (July 1, 1992): 1409–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b92-177.
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The impact of nutrient addition on growth and nutrient accumulation in Drosera rotundifolia was studied in a field population. Experiments were performed by exclosing insects and (or) adding phosphorus and (or) nitrogen to soil. Drosera rotundifolia did not significantly benefit from insect capture nutritionally or energetically in native or nutritionally enhanced soils. Added nutrients to the soil or supplemental foliar insect feeding decreased phosphorus retention in hibernacula by 50%. Nutrient additions reduced D. rotundifolia vegetative growth in both N and P addition treatments. In addition, allocation to reproduction (inflorescences) decreased by 98% when N was added to the soil. Phosphorus retention in hibernacula was especially high in plots in which no nutrients were added via the soil or by insect applications. Although not statistically significant, flower stalk density and floral biomass were greater where insects were available to plants. The data from this study indicate that insectivory has little impact on growth of field grown D. rotundifolia. This species is adapted to low nutrient availability and nutrient enhancement reduces growth. Indices of nutrient retention suggest that phosphorus is conserved more than nitrogen and therefore may be an important limiting nutrient. Key words: insectivory, nitrogen, phosphorus, sundew.
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R., Srinivasan1 S.P. Maske1 N. Maddileti1 V. Ramamurthy1 and V. Kasthuri Thilagam2. "Nitrogen Deficiency in Arecanut : Causes and Management." Trends In Agriculture Science 2, no. 7 (July 28, 2023): 563–66. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8192129.
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The soil is the top layer of the earth’s surface, comprised of minerals and filled with air and water. Soil provides shelter to many animals that live on or in and is the base of plant systems. Plants’ growth and development depend on minerals and water in the soil. Without soil, there would be no vegetation and no food for the living organism on the earth. About 95% of our food nutrients come from soils, which have a natural capacity to provide nutrients to support crop growth. However, not all soils have the same ability to provide nutrients. Currently, we are facing a contrasting scenario of nutrient imbalances. In some regions, soils are naturally unfertile with little or no agricultural capability; soil degradation affects soil health in many places, and crop growth is ultimately affected in both situations. On the other hand, there are soils in which excessive additions of nutrients through improper management have led to soil, air, and water pollution and serious terrestrial and aquatic biodiversity effects. These highly contrasting nutrient imbalance scenarios both contribute to food insecurity and are not environmentally or economically sustainable.
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Raman, Prabavathi, and Balika J. Chelliah. "Enhanced reptile search optimization with convolutional autoencoder for soil nutrient classification model." PeerJ 11 (April 7, 2023): e15147. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.15147.
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Background Soil nutrients play an important role in soil fertility and other environmental factors. Soil testing is an effective tool for evaluating soil nutrient levels and calculating the appropriate quantitative of soil nutrients based on fertility and crop requirements. Because traditional soil nutrient testing models are impractical for real-time applications, efficient soil nutrient and potential hydrogen (pH) prediction models are required to improve overall crop productivity. Soil testing is an effective method to evaluate the presence of nutrient status of soil and assists in determining appropriate nutrient quantity. Methods Various machine learning (ML) models proposed, predict the soil nutrients, soil type, and soil moisture. To assess the significant soil nutrient content, this study develops an enhanced reptile search optimization with convolutional autoencoder (ERSOCAE-SNC) model for classifying and predicting the fertility indices. The model majorly focuses on the soil test reports. For classification, CAE model is applied which accurately determines the nutrient levels such as phosphorus (P), available potassium (K), organic carbon (OC), boron (B) and soil pH level. Since the trial-and-error method for hyperparameter tuning of CAE model is a tedious and erroneous process, the ERSO algorithm has been utilized which in turn enhances the classification performance. Besides, the ERSO algorithm is derived by incorporating the chaotic concepts into the RSO algorithm. Results Finally, the influence of the ERSOCAE-SNC model is examined using a series of simulations. The ERSOCAE-SNC model reported best results over other approaches and produces an accuracy of 98.99% for soil nutrients and 99.12% for soil pH. The model developed for the ML decision systems will help the Tamil Nadu government to manage the problems in soil nutrient deficiency and improve the soil health and environmental quality. Also reduces the input expenditures of fertilizers and saves time of soil experts.
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Cui, Yaqi, and Qin Yue. "Regional Soil Nutrient Content Prediction Model Based on Big Data." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2555, no. 1 (July 1, 2023): 012005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2555/1/012005.
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Abstract Soil nutrients play a decision-making role in environmental management, and the prediction of soil nutrients can be used to achieve precise fertilization and regulate production. In response to the problem of low accuracy of soil nutrient content prediction by traditional prediction models, this paper designs a prediction model of soil nutrient content based on big data statistics. Soil nutrient content data are collected using a spectral collector, and the data are smoothed, standardized, and orthogonalized to eliminate the data that affect the prediction accuracy. The processed spectrograms are analyzed to summarize the big data law of soil nutrients and clarify that different bands at the abrupt change of reflection curve correspond to different contents of soil nutrients. After repeating several times, the calibration of model accuracy is completed, and the design of the soil nutrient content prediction model based on big data statistics is realized. Through comparison experiments with the traditional model, it was verified that the designed model can improve the prediction accuracy by about 3 times and is more suitable for the prediction of soil nutrient content.
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Yan, Jing, Nathaniel A. Bogie, and Teamrat A. Ghezzehei. "Root uptake under mismatched distributions of water and nutrients in the root zone." Biogeosciences 17, no. 24 (December 17, 2020): 6377–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-6377-2020.
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Abstract. Most plants derive their water and nutrient needs from soils where the resources are often scarce, patchy, and ephemeral. It is not uncommon for plant roots to encounter mismatched patches of water-rich and nutrient-rich regions in natural environments. Such an uneven distribution of resources necessitates plant reliance on strategies for exploring and acquiring nutrients from relatively dry patches. We conducted a laboratory study that elucidates the biophysical mechanisms that enable this adaptation. The roots of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seedlings were laterally split and grown in two adjacent, hydraulically disconnected pots, which permitted precise control of water and nutrient applications to each compartment. We observed that the physical separation of water-rich and nutrient-rich compartments (one received 90 % water and 0 % nutrients and the other received 10 % water and 100 % nutrients) does not significantly stunt plant growth and productivity compared to two control treatments (control 1: 90 % water and 100 % nutrients versus 10 % water and 0 % nutrients; control 2: 50 % water and 50 % nutrients in each compartment). Specifically, we showed that soil dryness does not reduce nutrient uptake, vegetative growth, flowering, and fruiting compared to control treatments. We identified localized root proliferation in nutrient-rich dry soil patches as a critical strategy that enabled nutrient capture. We observed nocturnal rewetting of the nutrient-rich but dry soil zone (10 % water and 100 % nutrients) but not in the nutrient-free and dry zone of the control experiment (90 % water and 100 % nutrients). We interpreted the rewetting as the transfer of water from the wet to dry zones through roots, a process commonly known as hydraulic redistribution (HR). The occurrence of HR likely prevents the nutrient-rich soil from drying due to permanent wilting and the subsequent decline of root functions. Sustaining rhizosphere wetness is also likely to increase nutrient mobility and uptake. Lack of HR in the absence of nutrients suggests that HR is not entirely a passive, water-potential-gradient driven flow. The density and size of root hairs appeared to be higher (qualitative observation) in the nutrient-rich and dry compartments than in the nutrient-free and dry compartments. We also observed organic coating on sand grains in the rhizosphere of the nutrient-rich and dry compartments. The observations are consistent with prior observations that root hairs and rhizodeposition aid rhizosphere wetting. These findings were synthesized in a conceptual model that explains how plants of dry regions may be adapted to mismatched resources. This study also suggests that separating the bulk of applied nutrients from the frequently irrigated soil region can increase nutrient use efficiency and curtail water pollution from intensive agricultural systems.
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Schoenau, J. J., and J. G. Davis. "Optimizing soil and plant responses to land-applied manure nutrients in the Great Plains of North America." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 86, no. 4 (August 1, 2006): 587–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s05-115.
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Animal manures are recognized as valuable sources of plant nutrients in cropping systems and also play a role in soil improvement through the input of organic matter. Using recent research examples from Saskatchewan and Colorado, this paper covers beneficial management practices for effective recycling of manure nutrients applicable to the Great Plains region of North America. Challenges in using animal manures as fertilizers include low nutrient content per unit weight, variability and availability of nutrient content, and a balance of available nutrients that often does not meet the relative nutrient requirements of the crop. Examples of imbalances that may arise requiring special management considerations include low available N content relative to available P for many solid manures, and low available S relative to N for some liquid manures. Application decisions are best supported by manure and soil analyses, with nutrient balance issues addressed by rate adjustments and the addition of supplemental commercial fertilizer to avoid deficiency or loading of specific nutrients. Placement of manure into the soil by injection or incorporation is desirable in that nutrient losses by volatilization and runoff are reduced and crop recovery is increased. Balancing the rate of nutrient application with crop requirement and removal over time is key to avoiding nutrient loading on soils receiving repeated applications of manure. Key words: Manure management, nutrient cycling, beneficial management practices, Great Plains
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Monica Nwawuike, Ifeoma. "Nutrient Assessment of Rain-Fed Lowland and Upland Rice Production Systems in Okigwe, South-Eastern Nigeria." African Journal of Agriculture and Food Science 7, no. 2 (June 13, 2024): 187–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.52589/ajafs-gi5tf3zk.
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The study was carried out to assess the nutrient status of the two major rice production systems (rain-fed lowland and upland) and the relationship among the nutrient contents of the soil in Okigwe area of Imo State, Nigeria. Soil samples from 15 cm depth were collected from 10 farms in the area: 5 farms from rain-fed lowland and 5 from upland rice production system. The soil samples were prepared and analyzed for macro and micro nutrients together with the particle size distribution. The results from the nutrient concentration in both rain-fed lowland and upland soils showed that pH favoured conditions for more availability of nutrients as seen in upland soils. The t-test results indicates a significant variation in % Clay (0.01*), % TS (0.008**), pH (0.0005**), TN (0.038*), available P (0.01*), Exchangeable Ca (0.03*) and Extractable B (0.02*). Correlation results showed TN as the major determinant of the other soil nutrients in both rain-fed lowland and upland rice production systems. In rain-fed lowland production system, TN correlated negatively and strongly with % TS (-0.81) and Cu (-0.70) with a weak negative association with Na (-0.57), K (-0.55), Mg (-0.50), available P (-0.57) and Fe (-0.64). In the upland rice production system, TN also had a negative association with many soil nutrients though some were weakly correlated while some were of strong association. They include Ca (-0.93), Mg (-0.65), Cu (-0.86), Mn (-0.69) and Zn (-0.76) with a positive association with Na (0.83) and pH (0.69). Despite TN being perceived as the major determinant of nutrients, OM in upland soils had a more positive association with other nutrients compared to that in the lowland soils. Hence, any management practices which will enhance nutrient status should be encouraged to help boost and sustain rice yield in both rain-fed lowland and upland rice production systems.
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Nguyen, Trung-Ta, and Petra Marschner. "Addition of a fine-textured soil to compost to reduce nutrient leaching in a sandy soil." Soil Research 51, no. 3 (2013): 232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr13105.
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Compost addition to soil can increase nutrient availability, but if added to sandy soils, nutrients can be rapidly leached. Clay added to compost could increase nutrient retention and reduce nutrient leaching due to binding to the clay. An incubation experiment was conducted to assess the effect of addition of a fine-textured soil (34% clay) to garden waste compost on nutrient availability and leaching in a sandy soil. The sandy soil was non-amended or amended with compost only, at a rate 27.3 g kg–1, or with a mixture of compost and 5% or 20% (w/w) of fine-textured soil. Two additional treatments included sandy soil amended with only the fine-textured soil at rates similar to those added with compost. Soil, compost, and fine-textured soil were mixed and packed to a bulk density of 1.22 g cm–3. Soil respiration was measured over 23 days. On days 1, 5, and 23, the soils were leached with 50 mL reverse-osmosis water, and the following parameters were measured in the leachate: water-soluble organic carbon (OC), inorganic nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P); water-soluble OC and available N and P were measured in the soil after leaching. Compost increased nutrient availability and leaching compared with the non-amended control. Addition of the fine-textured soil to compost reduced cumulative respiration and N and P leaching, with the effect more pronounced at 20% (w/w). Addition of the fine-textured soil alone had no effect on nutrient availability and leaching because of the low nutrient concentration in this soil. This study showed that addition of fine-textured soil to compost can reduce N and P leaching, which could enhance and prolong the positive effects of compost on soil fertility.
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Sun, Mengjiao, Enqing Hou, Jiasen Wu, Jianqin Huang, Xingzhao Huang, and Xiaoniu Xu. "Spatial Patterns and Drivers of Soil Chemical Properties in Typical Hickory Plantations." Forests 13, no. 3 (March 15, 2022): 457. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13030457.
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Soil nutrients play critical roles in regulating and improving the sustainable development of economic forests. Consequently, an elucidation of the spatial patterns and drivers of soil nutrients in these forests is fundamental to their management. For this study, we collected 314 composite soils at a 0–30 cm depth from a typical hickory plantation in Lin’an, Zhejiang Province, China. We determined the concentrations of macronutrients (i.e., soil organic carbon, available potassium, available phosphorus, available sulfur, and hydrolyzed nitrogen) and micronutrients (i.e., soil available boron, iron, manganese, zinc, and copper) of the soils. We employed random forest analysis to quantify the relative importance of factors affecting soil nutrients to predict the concentrations, which could then be extrapolated to the entire hickory region. Random forest models explained 43–80% of the variations in soil nutrient concentrations. The mean annual temperature, mean annual precipitation, and altitude were key predictors of soil macronutrient and micronutrient concentrations. Moreover, slope and parent material were important predictors of soil nutrients concentrations. Distinct spatial patterns of soil nutrient concentrations were driven by climate, parent material, and topography. Our study highlights the various environmental controls over soil macronutrient and micronutrient concentrations, which have significant implications for the management of soil nutrients in hickory plantations.
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Olander, Lydia P., Mercedes M. Bustamante, Gregory P. Asner, Everaldo Telles, Zayra Prado, and Plínio B. Camargo. "Surface Soil Changes Following Selective Logging in an Eastern Amazon Forest." Earth Interactions 9, no. 4 (April 1, 2005): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/ei135.1.
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Abstract In the Brazilian Amazon, selective logging is second only to forest conversion in its extent. Conversion to pasture or agriculture tends to reduce soil nutrients and site productivity over time unless fertilizers are added. Logging removes nutrients in bole wood, enough that repeated logging could deplete essential nutrients over time. After a single logging event, nutrient losses are likely to be too small to observe in the large soil nutrient pools, but disturbances associated with logging also alter soil properties. Selective logging, particularly reduced-impact logging, results in consistent patterns of disturbance that may be associated with particular changes in soil properties. Soil bulk density, pH, carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), iron (Fe), aluminum (Al), δ13C, δ15N, and P fractionations were measured on the soils of four different types of logging-related disturbances: roads, decks, skids, and treefall gaps. Litter biomass and percent bare ground were also determined in these areas. To evaluate the importance of fresh foliage inputs from downed tree crowns in treefall gaps, foliar nutrients for mature forest trees were also determined and compared to that of fresh litterfall. The immediate impacts of logging on soil properties and how these might link to the longer-term estimated nutrient losses and the observed changes in soils were studied. In the most disturbed areas, roads and decks, the authors found litter biomass removed and reduced soil C, N, P, particularly organic P, and δ13C. Soils were compacted and often experienced reducing conditions in the deck areas, resulting in higher pH, Ca, and Mg. No increases in soil nutrients were observed in the treefall gaps despite the flush of nutrient-rich fresh foliage in the tree crown that is left behind after the bole wood is removed. Observed nutrient losses are most likely caused by displacement of the litter layer. Increases in soil pH, Ca, and Mg occur in areas with reducing conditions (decks and roads) and may result from Fe reduction, freeing exchange sites that can then retain these cations. Calculations suggest that nutrient inputs from crown foliage in treefall gaps are probably too small to detect against the background level of nutrients in the top soils. The logging disturbances with the greatest spatial extent, skids and gaps, have the smallest immediate effect on soil nutrients, while those with the smallest spatial extent, roads and decks, have the largest impact. The changes observed 3–6 months after logging were similar to those measured 16 yr after logging, suggesting some interesting linkages between the mechanisms causing the immediate change and those maintaining these changes over time. The direct impacts on soil properties appear less important than the loss of nutrients in bole wood in determining the sustainability of selective logging. Medium-to-low intensity selective logging with a sufficiently long cutting cycle may be sustainable in these forests.
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Abet, Nego Ginting, Oktav Fauziah Nicky, Fakhrurroja Hanif, Bangkit Harry, Natalie Fitriatin Betty, Turmuktini Tien, Herdiyantoro Diyan, and Simarmata Tualar. "Enriched Ameliorant and Readily Available Nutrients for Enhancing the Rhizobacterial Population, Nutrient Uptake, and Yield of Pepper Grown in Inceptisol Soil Media: A Review." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LIFE SCIENCE AND AGRICULTURE RESEARCH 03, no. 07 (July 4, 2024): 526–30. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12656628.
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Soil fertility affects the diversity and quality of soil microbes in decomposing organic matter and recycling nutrients. Inceptisols soil is young soil that is starting to develop with its soil fertility status. Management is needed to maximize sustainable soil quality and high plant productivity. Chili plants are widely cultivated but suboptimal soil conditions can inhibit plant growth. Ameliorant materials can be organic or inorganic materials. Ameliorant provides benefits in reducing damage, maintaining nutrients in the soil, increasing the organic nutrient content in the soil and helping microbial symbiosis. The efficiency of nutrient use depends on the plant's ability to absorb nutrients. The effectiveness of nutrient management strategies by combining inorganic and organic nutrient inputs, it is proven that balanced nutrient management can increase plant growth and productivity. Ameliorant can come from organic and inorganic materials which can increase soil fertility from biological and chemical properties, the productivity of chili plants. The materials used as ameliorant are biochar, biosolids, animal waste, microalgae. When cultivating chilies in inceptisol media, it is necessary to apply ameliorant combined with effective essential nutrients, in order to increase chili productivity and contribute to agricultural agriculture.
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Vista, S. P., T. B. Ghimire, T. S. Rai, B. S. Kutu, and B. K. Karna. "Assessment and Mapping soil fertility status of Potato Super Zone, Kavrepalanchowk." International Journal of Agricultural Invention 3, no. 02 (November 27, 2018): 108–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.46492/ijai/2018.3.2.1.
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Potato is a staple food crop in high hills and mountains and a major vegetable throughout the country and one of the most important cash generating crops in Nepal. With the efforts undertaken by research and extension sectors, its productivity has significantly increased in last twenty years. However, this is not sufficient for increasing population of the country. Considering its potentiality for income, employment, industrial products, export and processing, appropriate technologies are urgent.Soil fertility evaluation is the most basic decision making tool for the sustainable soil nutrient management. Soil fertility studies and mapping is an effective way to diagnose soil status and recommend as per the need of the nutrient to particular crop in the area. This research aims to assess and prepare soil nutrient map of potato super zone, Kavrepalanchowk in Nepal. The specific objectives of the research were to assess soil texture, pH and organic matter status and simultaneously prepare soil fertility map of the potato super zone. A total of 202 soil samples were collected and nutrients were analyzed using standard procedure in the soil laboratory. Composite soil samples were collected from 6 to 10 different spots of the area at 0-20 cm depth by using soil auger. The GPS location of each soil sampling point was noted. The soil sampling point of each zone was determined by studying various aspects (area, slope, colour, texture, etc.) of the study area. Based on the nutrient status, nutrient maps were prepared and presented. Soil fertility maps were prepared by observing the critical nutrients required for the specific crops and by giving those nutrients certain ranking based on the nutrients role for the crop. The soil of Potato super zone was mostly found to be silty loam, moderately acidic (pH 5.9), medium in organic matter content (2.67%) and total nitrogen (0.13%), high in available phosphorus content (56 kg/ha) and available potassium (356kg/ha). There is also sandy loam, loam and silty clay loam types of soil in the area. Soil fertility maps were prepared by setting criteria based on nutrient status that were tested in the laboratory and on the basis of nutrients that are critical for each crops of the super zones. Vegetable super zone soil was found having medium (50%) and high (30%) fertility status. Based on the soil analysis report, it could be concluded that the soils of potato super zone is fair enough for cultivating potato crop at the moment.
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Wei, Yuanyuan, Rujing Wang, Junqing Zhang, Hongyan Guo, and Xiangyu Chen. "Partition Management of Soil Nutrients Based on Capacitive Coupled Contactless Conductivity Detection." Agriculture 13, no. 2 (January 28, 2023): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13020313.
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A method based on capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (C4D), which has been proven effective for the rapid detection of available soil potassium content, was firstly proposed to apply to soil nutrient detection. By combining a detection signal spectrum analysis, geographic information system (GIS) data, and a cluster analysis, a soil nutrient management system to match the detection device was developed. This system included six modules: soil sample information management, electrophoresis analysis, quantitative calculation, nutrient result viewing, cluster analysis, and nutrient distribution map generation. The soil samples, which were collected from an experimental field in Xuchang City of Henan Province, were analyzed using the C4D and flame photometer methods. The results showed that the detection results for the soil samples obtained via the two methods were in good agreement. C4D technology was feasible for the detection of the soil available nutrients and had the advantages of a high timeliness, low sample volume, and low pollution. The soil nutrient management system adopted the hierarchical clustering method to classify the grid cells of the experimental field according to the nutrient detection results. A soil nutrient distribution map displayed the spatial difference in nutrients. This paper provides a systematic solution for soil nutrient zone management that includes nutrient detection, signal analysis, data management for the nutrient zone, and field nutrient distribution map generation to support decision making in variable fertilization.
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Ogeh, Joseph Sunday, and Rotimi Rufus Ipinmoroti. "The Status of Micronutrients and Sulphur in some Plantation Crops at Different Ages in an Alfisol of Southern Nigeria." JOURNAL OF TROPICAL SOILS 19, no. 2 (April 20, 2015): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2014.v19i2.53-58.
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A study was conducted to assess nutrient dynamics of soils under old and young cocoa, coffee and cashew plantations and the leaf nutrient contents of the crops at Uhonmora, Edo State, Nigeria for proper cultural and soil fertility management of the plantations. Soil and crop leaf samples were collected from each plantation using random sampling technique. The samples were analyzed using standard procedures for sand, silt, clay, pH (H2O), electrical conductivity (EC), total N, available P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Effective Cation Exchange Capacity (ECEC). Leaf samples were analyzed for N, P, K, Ca, Mg and Na. Data were compared with the corresponding soil and foliar critical nutrient values for each crop. Results indicated that the soils were texturally sandy clay loam and acidic. The soils varied in their nutrient contents, with soil P for the old cocoa, young coffee and cashew plantations far below critical values. The young cashew plot was low in N content but adequate for other plots. However, the soil ECEC increased with increase in calcium contents. Leaf N was below critical for all the crops. Leaf K was low for cocoa and coffee plants, leaf Ca was low for the young cashew plants, while leaf Mg was low for the young cocoa and old cashew. The high soil Mg/K ratio of 8.7- 22.3 as against the established value of 2.0 might have resulted in gross nutrient imbalance which must have affected the absorption and utilization of other nutrients. Hence, adequate soil N did not translate to availability of same to the crops. The ECEC showed that the soil needs to be improved upon for sustainable productivity. Soil nutrient content variation across the plantations with age of establishment will necessitate the need for consistent routine soil nutrient assessment for proper and balanced soil nutrient supply to the crops, for healthy crop growth and optimum yield. Management practices of soil surface mulching using organic wastes and cover crops under compatible cropping systems are needed for successful plot establishment and better growth performance of the young seedlings.Keywords: Alfisol,different ages, leaf nutrient content, micronutrient, plantation crops, soil nutrient content, soil [How to Cite: Joseph SO and RR Ipinmoroti. 2014. The Status of Micronutrient and Sulphur in Some Plantation Crops of Different Ages in an Alfisol in Southern Nigeria. J Trop Soils 19(2): 63-68. Doi: 10.5400/jts.2014.19.2.63]
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Ipinmoroti, Rotimi Rufus, and Joseph Sunday Ogeh. "Soil Nutrient Dynamics under Old and Young Cocoa, Coffee and Cashew Plantations at Uhonmora, Edo State, Nigeria." JOURNAL OF TROPICAL SOILS 19, no. 2 (April 21, 2015): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2014.v19i2.75-80.
Full textAbstract:
A study was conducted to assess nutrient dynamics of soils under old and young cocoa, coffee and cashew plantations and the leaf nutrient contents of the crops at Uhonmora, Edo State, Nigeria for proper cultural and soil fertility management of the plantations. Soil and crop leaf samples were collected from each plantation using a random sampling technique. The samples were analyzed using standard procedures for sand, silt, clay, pH (H2O), electrical conductivity (EC), total N, available P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, and Effective Cation Exchange Capacity (ECEC). Leaf samples were analyzed for N, P, K, Ca, Mg and Na. Data were compared with the corresponding soil and foliar critical nutrient values for each crop. Results indicated that the soils were texturally sandy clay loam and acidic. The soils varied in their nutrient contents, with soil P for the old cocoa, young coffee and cashew plantations far below critical values. The young cashew plot was low in N content but adequate for other plots. However, the soil ECEC increased with the increasing of calcium contents. Leaf N was below critical for all the crops. Leaf K was low for cocoa and coffee plants, leaf Ca was low for the young cashew plants, while leaf Mg was low for the young cocoa and old cashew. The high soil Mg/K ratio of 8.7- 22.3 as against the established value of 2.0 might have resulted in gross nutrient imbalance which must have affected the absorption and utilization of other nutrients. Hence, adequate soil N did not translate the same availability to the crops. The ECEC showed that the soil needs to be improved upon for sustainable productivity. Soil nutrient content variation across the plantations with age of establishment will necessitate the need for consistent routine soil nutrient assessment for proper and balanced soil nutrient supply to the crops, for healthy crop growth and optimum yield. Management practices of soil surface mulching using organic wastes and cover crops under compatible cropping systems are needed for successful plot establishment and better growth performance of the young seedlings.Key words: Nutrient dynamics, plantation crops, rehabilitation, soil fertility management [How to Cite: Rotimi RI and JS Ogeh. 2014. Soil Nutrient Dynamics under Old and Young Cocoa, Coffee and Cashew Plantations at Uhonmora, Edo State, Nigeria. J Trop Soils 19(2): 85-90. Doi: 10.5400/jts.2014.19.2.85] [Permalink/DOI: www.dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2014.19.2.85]
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Fernandes, Geraldo W., Luiz H. O. Rodarte, Daniel Negreiros, and Augusto C. Franco. "Aspectos nutricionais em Baccharis concinna (Asteraceae), espécie endêmica e ameaçada da Serra do Espinhaço, Brasil." Lundiana: International Journal of Biodiversity 8, no. 2 (August 30, 2008): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.35699/2675-5327.2007.23186.
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The growth and development of a given plant species under its natural environment is highly influenced by the nutrient availability in the soil. Although much is known about the nutritional requirements of agricultural species, the knowledge on the nutritional needs of wild species and their correlation with the available nutrients and physico-chemical properties of the soil is still rudimentary. This knowledge is crucial for the development of conservation and management of species under extinction threats. Baccharis concinna Barroso (Asteraceae) is a dioecious shrub, endemic and threatened species originally described for two disjunct areas in the Espinhaço mountains in southeast Brazil. The goal of this study was to describe the physico-chemical properties of the soils in which the plant is found and to perform the first analysis of the nutrient content in the shoot tissues of this species in an attempt to find possible positive correlations between soil and tissue nutrient availability. Six populations of B. concinna in Serra do Cipó, MG were studied. At each site we sampled soils and collected shoot samples of three male and three female plants for the nutritional analysis. The soils under B. concinna were acid, nutrient poor and with a high content of aluminium. Nutrient content in the soil and in the tissues varied among the populations sampled. No relationship was found between the availability of nutrients in the soil and that in the B. concinna tissues. These results indicate that B. concinna may be a species without strong nutritional requirements that adapt well on soils with low nutritional quality.
 Keywords: dioecy, plant development, plant nutrition, plant soil relationship, Serra do Cipó.
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Abbott, Lynette. "Soil health characteristics." Open Access Government 41, no. 1 (January 23, 2024): 398–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.56367/oag-041-11193.
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Soil health characteristics Lynette Abbott from The University of Western Australia, places the spotlight on soil health, including its physical, chemical, biological and hydrological characteristics. Soil health encompasses its physical, chemical, biological, and hydrological characteristics. Inherent soil properties underpin how components of soil health combine to support productive agricultural or natural ecosystems. Soil health encompasses its physical, chemical, biological, and hydrological characteristics. Inherent soil properties underpin how components of soil health combine to support productive agricultural or natural ecosystems. The origin of the underlying parent rock materials and the extent to which they are weathered, influences naturally occurring nutrient cycling processes in soil. Hence, some soils have inherently high levels of nutrients available for plants, but others have more limited plant-available nutrient resources.
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P. Kulkarni, Dr Ravindra, and Ms Ashwini G. Joshi. "A Critical Review of Chemical and Organic Fertilizers." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 12 (December 4, 2024): 1–7. https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem39460.
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Organic fertilizers these are biodegradable and environmentally friendly. They can support soil health by reducing erosion and nutrient runoff. However, improper use of organic fertilizers can lead to plant nutrient deficiencies or toxicities, salt burn, and water pollution while inorganic fertilizers are synthetically derived chemicals and minerals from the earth. They provide nutrients that plants can access quickly. However, prolonged use of inorganic fertilizers can lead to soil degradation, soil acidity or alkalization, and environmental pollution. Organic fertilizer references can be observed in the Vrikshayurveda also which is ancient Indian science. This review paper summarizes effect of chemical and organic fertilizers on soil and its physical properties. The use of chemical or organic fertilizer alone has both positive & negative effects on soil characteristics, plant growth (yield) and nutrient presence. The combined application of chemical fertilizers and organic manures improved the physical properties and available nutrient status in soils. KEYWORDS Fertilizer, chemical, organic, soil, pollution, soil fertility, ayurveda , synthetic
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Li, Huandi, Jiang Li, Xiyun Jiao, Hongzhe Jiang, Yong Liu, Xinglang Wang, and Chao Ma. "The Fate and Challenges of the Main Nutrients in Returned Straw: A Basic Review." Agronomy 14, no. 4 (March 28, 2024): 698. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14040698.
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Due to containing an abundance of essential nutrients, straw has significant potential to mitigate carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) deficits in soil. However, a lack of comprehensive and systematic reviews on C, N, P, and K release and conversion from straw and on the impact of available nutrients in soils supplemented using straw-returning (SR) practices is noticeable in the literature. Therefore, we investigated straw decomposition, its nutrient release characteristics, and the subsequent fate of nutrients in soils. At early stages, straw decomposes rapidly and then gradually slows down at later stages. Nutrient release rates are generally in the K > P > C > N order. Nutrient fate encompasses fractions mineralized to inorganic nutrients, portions which supplement soil organic matter (SOM) pools, and other portions which are lost via leaching and gas volatilization. In future research, efforts should be made to quantitatively track straw nutrient release and fate and also examine the potential impact of coordinated supply-and-demand interactions between straw nutrients and plants. This review will provide a more systematic understanding of SR’s effectiveness in agriculture.