Relevant bibliographies by topics / Soil organic carbon. eng

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Soil organic carbon. eng'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 5 February 2022

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Soil organic carbon. eng.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Journal articles on the topic "Soil organic carbon. eng"

1

Brombin, Valentina, Enrico Mistri, Mauro De Feudis, Camilla Forti, Gian Marco Salani, Claudio Natali, Gloria Falsone, Livia Vittori Antisari, and Gianluca Bianchini. "Soil Carbon Investigation in Three Pedoclimatic and Agronomic Settings of Northern Italy." Sustainability 12, no. 24 (December 16, 2020): 10539. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su122410539.

Full text
Abstract:
Sustainable agricultural management is needed to promote carbon (C) sequestration in soil, prevent loss of soil fertility, and reduce the release of greenhouse gases. However, the influence of agronomic practices on soil C sequestration depends on the existing pedoclimatic features. We characterized the soils of three farms far away each other in the Emilia-Romagna region (Northern Italy): an organic farm in the Northern Apennines, a biodynamic farm, and a conventional farm on the Po Plain. The total, inorganic, and organic carbon in soil, as well as the distinct humic fractions were investigated, analyzing both the elemental and isotopic (13C/12C) composition. In soils, organic matter appears to be variously affected by mineralization processes induced by microorganisms that consume organic carbon. In particular, organic carbon declined in farms located in the plain (e.g., organic carbon down to 0.75 wt%; carbon stock0-30 cm down to 33 Mg/ha), because of the warmer climate and moderately alkaline environment that enhance soil microbial activity. On the other hand, at the mountain farm, the minimum soil disturbance, the cold climate, and the neutral conditions favored soil C sequestration (organic carbon up to 4.42 wt%; carbon stock0-30 cm up to 160 Mg/ha) in humified organic compounds with long turnover, which can limit greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere. This work shows the need for thorough soil investigations, to propose tailored best-practices that can reconcile productivity and soil sustainability.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Yang, Hui, Yincai Xie, Tongbin Zhu, and Mengxia Zhou. "Reduced Organic Carbon Content during the Evolvement of Calcareous Soils in Karst Region." Forests 12, no. 2 (February 14, 2021): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12020221.

Full text
Abstract:
Understanding the changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) storage is important for accurately predicting ecosystem C sequestration and/or potential C losses, but the relevant information, especially for the evolvement of calcareous soil is limited in karst regions. Three calcareous soils with different evolvement intensities were sampled from an evergreen broadleaved forest in the subtropical region of southwest of China to investigate the changes in different SOC fractions and microbial communities. The results showed that: (1) The contents of SOC, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), mineral protected organic carbon (MOC), and recalcitrant organic carbon (ROC) significantly decreased with increasing evolvement intensity of calcareous soil, but pH and the chemical composition of SOC, including Alkyl C, O-alkyl C, Aromatic C, and Carbonyl C, did not significantly change, suggesting that various SOC fractions synergistically decrease with the evolvement of calcareous soil. (2) The evolvement of calcareous soil had a substantial negative effect on total phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA), bacteria (i.e., Gram positive bacteria and Gram negative bacteria), fungi, and actinomycetes, but did not affect the ratio of fungi to bacteria. This result supported the conclusion that various SOC fractions were synchronously loss with the evolvement of calcareous soil. (3) Results from the multivariate statistical analysis showed a significant correlation between SOC fractions (including SOC, DOC, MOC, and ROC) and soil base cations, mainly calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), and aluminum (Al). This strengthens the fact that SOC stability largely depends on the complex relationship between organic matter and mineral composition in soil. Taken together, the reduction of SOC during the evolvement of soil in the karst areas accords with some mechanisms of previous studies (e.g., microbial composition and soil geochemistry), and also has its own unique characteristics (e.g., the relative contribution of carbons to chemical shift regions of CPMAS 13C-NMR spectra and F:B ratio).
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Ťupek, Boris, Carina A. Ortiz, Shoji Hashimoto, Johan Stendahl, Jonas Dahlgren, Erik Karltun, and Aleksi Lehtonen. "Underestimation of boreal soil carbon stocks by mathematical soil carbon models linked to soil nutrient status." Biogeosciences 13, no. 15 (August 10, 2016): 4439–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4439-2016.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract. Inaccurate estimate of the largest terrestrial carbon pool, soil organic carbon (SOC) stock, is the major source of uncertainty in simulating feedback of climate warming on ecosystem–atmosphere carbon dioxide exchange by process-based ecosystem and soil carbon models. Although the models need to simplify complex environmental processes of soil carbon sequestration, in a large mosaic of environments a missing key driver could lead to a modeling bias in predictions of SOC stock change.We aimed to evaluate SOC stock estimates of process-based models (Yasso07, Q, and CENTURY soil sub-model v4) against a massive Swedish forest soil inventory data set (3230 samples) organized by a recursive partitioning method into distinct soil groups with underlying SOC stock development linked to physicochemical conditions.For two-thirds of measurements all models predicted accurate SOC stock levels regardless of the detail of input data, e.g., whether they ignored or included soil properties. However, in fertile sites with high N deposition, high cation exchange capacity, or moderately increased soil water content, Yasso07 and Q models underestimated SOC stocks. In comparison to Yasso07 and Q, accounting for the site-specific soil characteristics (e. g. clay content and topsoil mineral N) by CENTURY improved SOC stock estimates for sites with high clay content, but not for sites with high N deposition.Our analysis suggested that the soils with poorly predicted SOC stocks, as characterized by the high nutrient status and well-sorted parent material, indeed have had other predominant drivers of SOC stabilization lacking in the models, presumably the mycorrhizal organic uptake and organo-mineral stabilization processes. Our results imply that the role of soil nutrient status as regulator of organic matter mineralization has to be re-evaluated, since correct SOC stocks are decisive for predicting future SOC change and soil CO2 efflux.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Hedley, C. B., I. J. Payton, I. H. Lynn, S. T. Carrick, T. H. Webb, and S. McNeill. "Random sampling of stony and non-stony soils for testing a national soil carbon monitoring system." Soil Research 50, no. 1 (2012): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr11171.

Full text
Abstract:
The New Zealand Soil Carbon Monitoring System (Soil CMS) was designed, and has been used, to account for soil organic carbon change under land-use change, during New Zealand’s first Commitment Period (2008–2012) to the Kyoto Protocol. The efficacy of the Soil CMS model has been tested for assessing soil organic carbon stocks in a selected climate–land-use–soil grouping (cell). The cell selected for this test represents an area of 709 683 ha and contains soils with a high-activity clay mineralogy promoting long-term stabilisation of organic matter, and is under low-producing grassland in a dry temperate New Zealand climate. These soils have been sampled at randomly selected positions to assess total soil organic carbon stocks to 0.3 m, and to compare with the modelled value. Results show no significant difference between the field estimation (67 ± 30 Mg C/ha), the mean value of the model calibration dataset (79 ± 28 Mg C/ha), and the value predicted by the model (101 ± 41 Mg C/ha), although all estimates have large uncertainties associated with them. The model predicts national soil organic carbon stocks as a function of soil texture, clay mineralogy, land use, climate class, and a slope–rainfall erosivity product. Components of uncertainty within the model include the size and distribution of the calibration dataset, and lack of representativeness of the calibration soil samples, which were sampled for other reasons, e.g. soil survey and forest mensuration. Our study has shown that major components of uncertainty in our field estimation of soil organic carbon stocks (investigated using the indices reproducibility, RP; and coefficient of variation, CV) are short-range (within-plot) and regional (between-sites) spatial variability. Soil organic carbon stocks vary within our selected climate–land-use–soil cell due to varying stoniness (stony soils RP 44%, CV 21%; non-stony soils RP 27%, CV 13%), soil depth, slope position, and climatic effects. When one outlier soil was removed from the model calibration dataset, and the three very stony sites were removed from the randomly selected field validation set, the model calibration dataset and the field dataset means agreed well (78 ± 26 and 78 ± 21 Mg C/ha, respectively). The higher modelled value, before removal of the outlier, is likely to reflect a bias in the model dataset towards conventionally selected modal profiles containing less stony soils than those encountered by the random sampling strategy of our field campaign. Therefore, our results indicate (1) that the Soil CMS provides an adequate estimation of soil organic carbon for the selected cell, and (2) ongoing refinements are required to reduce the uncertainty of prediction.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Chan, K. Y., D. P. Heenan, and H. B. So. "Sequestration of carbon and changes in soil quality under conservation tillage on light-textured soils in Australia: a review." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 43, no. 4 (2003): 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea02077.

Full text
Abstract:
Light-textured soils (<35% clay) make up more than 80%, by area, of cropping soils in Australia. Many have inherent soil physical problems, e.g. hardsetting, sodicity and low organic carbon levels. Maintenance and improvement of soil organic carbon levels are crucial to preserving the soil structure and physical fertility of these soils.A review of field trials on conservation tillage (3–19 years duration) on these soils in southern Australia revealed that significantly higher soil organic carbon levels compared with conventional tillage were found only in the wetter areas (>500 mm) and the differences were restricted to the top 2.5–10.0 cm. The average magnitude of the difference was lower than that reported in the USA. The lack of a positive response to conservation tillage is probably a reflection of a number of factors, namely low crop yield (due to low rainfall), partial removal of stubble by grazing and the high decomposition rate (due to the high temperature). There is evidence suggesting that under continuous cropping in the drier areas, the soil organic carbon level continues to decline, even under conservation tillage.Better soil structure and soil physical properties, namely macro-porosity, aggregate stability and higher infiltration have been reported under conservation tillage when compared with conventional tillage. However, little information on long-term changes of these properties under conservation tillage is available. As many of these soil qualities are associated directly or indirectly with soil organic carbon levels, the lack of significant increase in the latter suggests that many of these improvements may not be sustainable in the longer term, particularly in the drier areas. Continuous monitoring of long-term changes in the soil organic carbon and soil quality under conservation tillage in different agro-ecological zones is needed.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Mateja, Muršec, Leveque Jean, Chaussod Remi, and Curmi Pierre. "The impact of drip irrigation on soil quality in sloping orchards developed on marl – A case study." Plant, Soil and Environment 64, No. 1 (January 16, 2018): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/623/2017-pse.

Full text
Abstract:
The impact of drip irrigation on structural stability of soil aggregates was studied in soils of an apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) orchard, developed on marl. The field study was carried out in a sloping (20%) terrain in the north-eastern Slovenia at three slope positions (upslope, mid-slope and downslope), involving a comparison of irrigated versus non-irrigated situations after 6 years of drip irrigation practice. Structural stability was studied in three soil layers (0–5, 5–15 and 15–30 cm) at the end of the irrigation season (in September). In the same samples, soil organic carbon, total carbonates and soil moisture contents were determined. Drip irrigation significantly reduced structural stability and soil organic carbon in the surface soil layer (0–5 cm), while total carbonates increased. Based on the whole set of data, structural stability was strongly positively correlated with total carbonates and negatively correlated with soil organic carbon. This means that the effect of higher level of organic matter mineralisation on structural stability, due to irrigation, is counterbalanced by the increase of total carbonates content in the fine textured calcareous soils. Thus, a negative effect of irrigation on soil organic carbon had less destructive consequences on structural stability than expected.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Zhang, T. Q., C. F. Drury, and B. D. Kay. "Soil dissolved organic carbon: Influences of water-filled pore space and red clover addition and relationships with microbial biomass carbon." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 84, no. 2 (May 1, 2004): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s02-030.

Full text
Abstract:
Soil dissolved organic carbon (SDOC) plays an important role in organic C cycling and translocation of nutrients and pollutants in the soil profile. Soil microbial biomass C (MBC) has been used as an indicator of soil quality. Both SDOC and MBC may be affected by management practices and indigenous soil properties, which however are not fully understood. Using a laboratory incubation technique, we determined the effects of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) addition and soil water saturation as expressed in water-filled pore space (WFPS, 20-95%) on soil SDOC and MBC in three soils from Ontario. The levels of SDOC were the greatest at 20% WFPS, and decreased with increase s in WFPS up to 95%. In comparison with the control, addition of red clover increased SDOC by up to 72% at 20% WFPS, but the effect was minimal or insignificant at WFPS above 50%. Reduction of SDOC with increases of WFPS both with and without red clover was attributed to the increased mineralization of labile organic C, as indicated by CO2 production. Regardless of the legume amendment, soil available N (e.g., mineral N), labile organic C (e.g. initial level of SDOC) or the variable derived from these two measurements, available C:N ratio, were the factors predominately affecting dynamics of SDOC at WPFS from 20 to 50% after 1-mo incubation and at WFPS from 20 to 65% with extended incubation to 3-mo. Soil factors affecting SDOC at WFPS above 85% were total N and pH without red clover, but changed to organic C and soil labile organic C with red clover. High levels of MBC were found to occur mostly with the high WFPS, and were enhanced by red clover addition only in the Perth silt loam. Soil dissolved organic C was significantly related to MBC with WFPS from 20 to 65% without red clover. No relationships between SDOC and MBC were found at WFPS above 65% without red clover and at WFPS from 20 to 95% with red clover. Soil factors affecting SDOC and the availabili ty of SDOC to microbial activity are WFPS dependent and related to soil legume amendment. Key words: Red clover, water-filled pore space, dissolved organic C, microbial biomass C, CO2 emission
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Asanopoulos, Christina H., Jeff A. Baldock, Lynne M. Macdonald, and Timothy R. Cavagnaro. "Quantifying blue carbon and nitrogen stocks in surface soils of temperate coastal wetlands." Soil Research 59, no. 6 (2021): 619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr20040.

Full text
Abstract:
Coastal wetlands are carbon and nutrient sinks that capture large amounts of atmospheric CO2 and runoff of nutrients. ‘Blue carbon’ refers to carbon stored within resident vegetation (e.g. mangroves, tidal marshes and seagrasses) and soil of coastal wetlands. This study aimed to quantify the impact of vegetation type on soil carbon stocks (organic and inorganic) and nitrogen in the surface soils (0–10 cm) of mangroves and tidal marsh habitats within nine temperate coastal blue carbon wetlands in South Australia. Results showed differences in surface soil organic carbon stocks (18.4 Mg OC ha–1 for mangroves; 17.6 Mg OC ha–1 for tidal marshes), inorganic carbon (31.9 Mg IC ha–1 for mangroves; 35.1 Mg IC ha–1 for tidal marshes), and total nitrogen (1.8 Mg TN ha–1 for both) were not consistently driven by vegetation type. However, mangrove soils at two sites (Clinton and Port Augusta) and tidal marsh soils at one site (Torrens Island) had larger soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks. These results highlighted site-specific differences in blue carbon stocks between the vegetation types and spatial variability within sites. Further, differences in spatial distribution of SOC within sites corresponded with variations in soil bulk density (BD). Results highlighted a link between SOC and BD in blue carbon soils. Understanding the drivers of carbon and nitrogen storage across different blue carbon environments and capturing its spatial variability will help improve predictions of the contribution these ecosystems to climate change mitigation.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Verberne, E. L. J., J. Hassink, P. de Willigen, J. J. R. Groot, and J. A. van Veen. "Modelling organic matter dynamics in different soils." Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science 38, no. 3A (September 1, 1990): 221–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/njas.v38i3a.16585.

Full text
Abstract:
A mathematical model was developed to describe carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling in different soil types, e.g. clay and sandy soils. Transformation rates were described by first-order kinetics. Soil organic matter is divided into four fractions (including microbial biomass pool) and three fractions of residues. The fraction of active soil organic matter was assumed to be affected by the extent of physical protection within the soil, as was the soil microbial biomass. The extent of protection influenced the steady state level of the model, and, hence, the mineralization rates. The mineralization rate in fine-textured soils is lower than in coarse-textured soils; in fine-textured soils a larger proportion of the soil organic matter may be physically protected. The availability of organic materials as a substrate for microorganisms is not only determined by their chemical composition, but also by their spatial distribution in the soil. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Nunes, Márcio R., Harold M. van Es, Kristen S. Veum, Joseph P. Amsili, and Douglas L. Karlen. "Anthropogenic and Inherent Effects on Soil Organic Carbon across the U.S." Sustainability 12, no. 14 (July 15, 2020): 5695. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12145695.

Full text
Abstract:
Soil organic carbon (SOC) influences several soil functions, making it one of the most important soil health indicators. Its quantity is determined by anthropogenic and inherent factors that must be understood to improve SOC management and interpretation. Topsoil (≤15 cm) SOC response to tillage depth and intensity, cover crops, stover removal, manure addition, and various cropping systems was assessed using 7610 observations from eight U.S. regions. Overall, including cover crops, reducing tillage depth and intensity increased SOC. The positive effects of cover crops were more noticeable in South Central, Northwest, and Midwest regions. Removing high rates (>65%) of crop residue decreased SOC in Midwestern and Southeastern soils. Depending on region, applying manure increased SOC by 21 to 41%, compared to non-manured soils. Diversified cropping systems (e.g., those utilizing small mixed vegetables, perennials, or dairy-based systems) had the highest topsoil SOC content, while more intensive annual row crops and large-scale single vegetable production systems, had the lowest. Among inherent factors, SOC increased as precipitation increased, but decreased as mean annual temperature increased. Texture influenced SOC, showing higher values in fine-texture than coarse-texture soils. Finally, this assessment confirmed that SOC can be a sensitive soil health indicator for evaluating conservation practices.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Soil organic carbon. eng"

1

Rufino, Ana Maria Martins 1977. "Estoque de carborno em solos sob plantios de eucalipto e fragmento em Cerrado /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/99768.

Full text
Abstract:
Resumo: O sequestro de carbono nos ambientes terrestres, sendo feito de forma natural pelos vegetais através da fotossíntese, cujo processo permite fixar o carbono nos solos e, em forma de matéria lenhosa nas plantas, vem sendo apontado como uma alternativa mitigadora das mudanças climáticas, segundo acordos internacionais como o Protocolo de Kyoto. A retirada da floresta nativa provoca a diminuição significativa da biomassa microbiana e da fertilidade do solo. A reserva de carbono na matéria orgânica do solo é uma importante estratégia para atenuar a concentração de CO2 na atmosfera. Com o reflorestamento dessas áreas ocorre uma recuperação lenta e contínua da quantidade e qualidade da matéria orgânica. O eucalipto é a essência florestal mais plantada no Brasil e essas plantações florestais com eucalipto poderão cumprir o papel de aumentar as concentrações de carbono orgânico no solo, recuperando estruturas perdidas quando da exportação da madeira através da colheita, bem como, provocando mudanças ambientais associadas. Este trabalho objetivou quantificar a fixação de carbono no compartimento do solo de 0 a 60 cm de uma floresta nativa em comparação com plantios de eucalipto com 3 diferentes idades: 0 a 1 ano (área recém implantada); 3 a 4 anos (metade do ciclo) e 6 a 7 anos (época de corte). Foram escolhidos quatro diferentes sítios de amostragem com uma área amostral de 1 ha cada. Foram coletadas amostras de solo no inverno e no verão a diferentes profundidades para que se pudesse conhecer a quantidade de carbono orgânico fixado ao longo do perfil do solo considerando o fator da sazonalidade. Os resultados indicam que o manejo nas áreas interferiu no acúmulo de carbono no solo dos quatro sítios estudados, mostrando também que o fragmento de Cerrado estoca menos carbono que os plantios de eucalipto. Quanto à sazonalidade, houve diferença significativa... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The carbon sequestration in terrestrial environments, by plants through photosynthesis, allows carbon fixing as a woody matter in plants. This process has been identified as an alternative to mitigate climate change, according to Kyoto Protocol, an international environmental agreement. The removal of the native forest causes a significant decrease of microbial biomass and soil fertility. The storage of carbon in soil organic matter is an important strategy to reduce the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere. With the reforestation of these areas, occurs a slow and continuous recovery of the quantity and quality of organic matter. The eucalyptus is the most planted species in Brazil for industrial supply. These eucalyptus reforestations may fulfill the role of increasing soil organic carbon concentration, recovering some structures lost by wood harvesting and causing associated environmental changes. This study aimed to quantify the carbon fixation within the soil compartment from 0 to 60 cm depth of a native forest formation in comparison with eucalyptus plantations with 3 different ages: 0 to 1 year (newly planted area); 3 to 4 years (half the harvesting cycle) and 6 to 7 years (harvesting time). Four different sites were chosen for sampling, with a sampling area of 1 ha each. Soil samples were collected in winter and summer time, at different depths, to quantify the organic carbon fixed throughout the soil profile, considering the seasonality factor. The results indicate that management in each area interfered in the accumulation of carbon in the soil in the four sites studied. The savanna fragment stored less carbon than the eucalyptus plantations. Regarding seasonality, a significant difference was found between the accumulation of carbon in winter and summer... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Orientador: Iraê Amaral Guerrini
Coorientador: Vera Lex Engel
Banca: Dirceu Maximino Fernandes
Banca: Jacob Siva Souto
Mestre
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Martins, Márcio dos Reis. "Carbono orgânico e polissacrídeos em agregados de um latossolo vermelho eutrófico em sequências de culturas sib a semedura direta /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96899.

Full text
Abstract:
Orientador: José Eduardo Corá
Banca: Álvaro Pires da Silva
Banca: Carolina Fernandes
Resumo: A adaptação do sistema de semeadura direta (SSD) depende da escolha adequada da seqüência de culturas, que devem contribuir para melhorar os atributos solo. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de seqüências de culturas na agregação do solo e no teor de carbono orgânico e polissacarídeos em diferentes classes de agregados estáveis em água de um Latossolo Vermelho eutrófico sob SSD. Um experimento foi implantado em 2002 em Jaboticabal, SP. Os tratamentos foram constituídos pela combinação de quatro seqüências de culturas de verão e sete culturas de inverno. As seqüências de culturas de verão, semeadas em outubro/novembro, foram: monocultura de milho; monocultura de soja; cultivos intercalados ano a ano de soja e milho; seqüência de cultivos de arroz/feijão/algodão/feijão. As culturas de inverno, semeadas em fevereiro/março, repetidas todos os anos nas mesmas parcelas, foram: milho, girassol, nabo forrageiro, milheto, feijão guandu, sorgo granífero e crotalária. A amostragem do solo foi realizada após o quarto ano de condução do experimento, em outubro de 2006. O cultivo de milho em monocultura no verão favoreceu a formação de agregados estáveis em água com diâmetro entre 6,30-2,00 mm e proporcionou o maior teor de COT e PAD nessa classe de tamanho de agregados. Isso indica que a influência das culturas sobre a estabilidade de agregados foi intermediada pelos teores de COT e PAD. Não foi verificada diferença na agregação do solo entre culturas de inverno utilizadas. Os maiores teores de COT, PST e PAD foram verificados nos agregados com diâmetro entre 2,00-1,00 mm e os menores teores nos agregados <0,25 mm.
Abstract: A better performance of the no-tillage system in tropical regions depends on the choice of suitable crop sequences in summer and winter. These crops should contribute to improvement of soil properties. The objective of this work was to assess crop sequences effects on soil aggregation and organic carbon and polysaccharide contents in water-stable aggregate size classes of a Rhodic Oxisol under no-tillage. An experiment was established in Jaboticabal town, São Paulo state, in 2002. Treatments were constituted for a combination of four crop sequences in summer and seven crop sequences in the winter. Crop sequences in the summer were: corn monoculture (CC); soybean monoculture (SS); soybean/corn/soybean/corn sequence (SC) and rice/bean/cotton/bean sequence (RB), seeded in October/November. Winter crops were: corn, sunflower, oilseed radish, millet, pigeonpea, sorghum and sunn hemp, seeded in February/March. Soil sampling took place after forth year after experiment implantation, in October 2006. The MV sequence in summer increased the percentage of 6,30-2,00 mm water-stable aggregates and provided the highest total organic carbon and diluted-acid-extractable polysaccharides contents in the same aggregate size class. These results suggest that crop effects on soil aggregate stability can be mediated by total organic carbon and diluted-acid-extractable polysaccharides. The winter crops do not influence soil aggregation. The highest and lowest total organic carbon, total polysaccharides and diluted-acid-extractable polysaccharides contents was verified, respectively, in 2,00-1,00 mm and <0,25 mm water-aggregate soil size classes.
Mestre
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Martins, Márcio dos Reis. "Plantas na agregação e no acúmulo de carbono orgânico em latossolo /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105153.

Full text
Abstract:
Orientador: Jose Eduardo Cora
Coorientador: Carolina Fernandes
Banca: Isabella Clerici de Maria
Banca: Cimélio Bayer
Banca: Sandro Roberto Brancalião
Banca: Marcílio Vieira Martins Filho
Resumo: O presente trabalho teve como objetivo geral determinar como as plantas influenciam a estabilidade de agregados, a composição de carboidratos, o acúmulo de C orgânico do solo (COS) e de C microbiano em um Latossolo Vermelho. Na primeira parte do estudo, verificou-se que as sequências de culturas com milho (Zea mays L.) no verão e as milheto (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) Leeke) e sorgo granífero (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) no inverno proporcionaram maior diâmetro médio ponderado (DMP) de agregados estáveis do solo. Assim como observado para o DMP, as sequências de culturas envolvendo milho no verão proporcionaram os maiores teores de xilose do solo. A menor proporção de carboidratos de origem microbiana em relação aos de origem vegetal foram observados com o cultivo mais frequente de espécies de monocotiledôneas. Na segunda parte do estudo, notou-se que os maiores valores de C presente como matéria orgânica particulada (C-MOP) do solo foram encontrados sob cultivo de guandu, o qual proporcionou valores 54%, 46% e 48% maiores em relação ao cultivo de milho, girassol e nabo forrageiro, respectivamente. As variações nos teores de C-MOP explicaram o efeito das culturas nos teores de COS. Notou-se um acúmulo conjunto de C-MOP e de resíduos fúngicos e bacterianos no solo. Na terceira parte do estudo, verificou-se que os materiais de monocotiledôneas adicionados ao solo apresentaram as maiores taxas de mineralização do compartimento de C não lábil (k), os maiores teores de pentose do solo e o maior DMP de agregados do solo em comparação à testemunha e às dicotiledôneas, em período posterior de decomposição. Isso sugere que k e teores de pentoses do solo controlam a estabilidade de agregados do Latossolo em período tardio de incubação. O efeito da decomposição dos materiais vegetais na agregação do solo ocorreu independente da variação da quantidade do teor de COS
Abstract: The general aim of this study was to determine how the plants influence the aggregate stability, carbohydrate composition and accumulation of soil organic C and microbial C of an Oxisol. In the first part of this study, it was found that summer crop sequences involving corn (Zea mays L.) and the winter crops millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) Leeke) and grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) provided the highest mean weight diameter (MWD) of soil aggregate. The crop sequences involving corn in summer also provided the highest soil xylose contents. The lowest proportions of carbohydrates of microbial origin in relation to those of plant origin were found in soil under most frequent cultivation of plant species from monocots. In second part of this study, it was found that soil organic C content with pigeon pea was 20% higher compared to corn and 18% higher compared to sunflower. Likewise, the highest values of C associated to soil particulate organic matter (C-POM) was found with pigeon pea cultivation, which provided 54%, 46% and 48% higher contents than corn, sunflower and oilseed radish, respectively. The variation in C-POM explained the crop effects on soil organic C content. The results of the present study showed a co-accumulation of C-POM and microbial residues in soil. In the third part of this study, it was found that monocots plant materials presented the highest mineralization rates of non-labile pool of C (k), soil pentose content, plant pentose input and soil aggregate MWD. The results of the present study suggest that non-labile C pool, especially related to pentoses, controls the soil aggregation of an Oxisol in long-term. This effect appears to be independent of the variation in soil organic C content
Doutor
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Arroyo, Garcia Rodrigo 1982. "Rotação de culturas e propriedades físicas e matéria orgânica de um latossolo /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100007.

Full text
Abstract:
Orientador: Ciro Antonio Rosolem
Banca: Maria Helena Moraes
Banca: Juliano Carlos Calonego
Banca: Sandro Roberto Brancalião
Banca: Sônia Carmela Falcci Dechen
Resumo: O manejo inadequado do solo ocasiona a formação de camadas compactadas que prejudicam o desenvolvimento radicular das plantas, diminuindo a disponibilidade de água e nutrientes, enquanto que o acúmulo de carbono pode melhorar a qualidade do solo. Em sistemas com semeadura direta (SSD), com a menor mobilização do solo, pode-se usar, em rotação, plantas com sistema radicular vigoroso, capaz de crescer em condições adversas. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a ação de espécies de cobertura, gramíneas e uma leguminosa, em rotação com a cultura da soja, nos atributos físicos de um Latossolo, no acúmulo de carbono, nas diferentes frações da matéria orgânica e na produção da soja, em semeadura direta, ao longo de três anos. O experimento foi conduzido em um Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico de textura argilosa, na Fazenda Experimental Lageado, Unesp/Botucatu, nos anos agrícolas de 2006/2007, 2007/2008 e 2008/2009. No outonoinverno foram estabelecidas parcelas com braquiária (Brachiaria ruziziensis), sorgo granífero (Sorghum bicolor) e sorgo consorciado com braquiária. Na primavera, foram cultivados, em subparcelas, milheto (Pennisetum glaucum), cober crop [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench x Sorghum sudanense Piper Stapf], crotalária (Crotalaria juncea) ou pousio. A soja foi cultivada como safra de verão. Em março do primeiro ano foram retiradas amostras para caracterização da área experimental. Após o manejo das espécies cultivadas na primavera, no primeiro e terceiro ano, foram retiradas amostras indeformadas nas camadas de 0-5; 7,5-12,5; 15-20; 27,5-32,5 e 47,5-52,5 cm para determinação da densidade do solo, porosidade e curva de retenção de água no solo. Nas mesmas épocas, a estabilidade de agregados foi avaliada em amostras coletadas nas camadas de 0-5 e 5-10 cm. No terceiro ano do experimento, o intervalo hídrico ótimo (IHO) foi determinado... (resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Compacted layers resulting from inappropriate soil management may impair root growth, thus decreasing water and nutrient acquisition by crops. Conversely, soil quality is improved with soil carbon accumulation. In areas under no-till, crop rotation with plants with vigorous root systems may alleviate soil compaction, as well as increase soil carbon. In this experiment the effects of cover crops on soil physical properties, carbon accumulation, organic matter quality and soybean production under no-till in a compacted soil were studied for three years. The experiment was conducted on a clayey Rhodic Ferralsol, Lageado Experimental Farm, Unesp/Botucatu, in 2006/2007, 2007/2008 and 2008/2009. Congo grass (Brachiaria ruziziensis), grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and a mix of both were cropped during fall-winter. Then, in the spring, pear millet (Pennisetum glaucum), cober crop [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench x Sorghum sudanense Piper Stapf] and indian hemp (Crotalaria juncea) were cropped and a treatment under fallow was set on sub-plots. Soybean was cropped as a summer crop. In March of the first year, samples were taken for characterization of the area. Right after spring crops were chemically desiccated in 2006 and 2008, undisturbed soil samples were taken from the layers 0-5; 7.5-12.5; 15-20; 27.5-32.5 and 47.5-52.5 cm to determine bulk density, porosity and water retention curve. At the same time, samples taken from the depths 0-5 and 5-10 cm were used to determine aggregate stability. In the third year, least limiting water range (LLWR) was evaluated in the 7.5-12.5 and 27.5-32.5 cm soil layers. Organic matter characterization was done in the third year, in the depths of 0-5 and 5-10 cm. Roots of spring crops were sampled in the layers 0-5; 5-10; 10-20; 20-40 and 40- 60 cm, one day before chemical desiccation in all growing seasons. Soybean roots were sampled in the same depths at R2 each... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Do, Phai Duy. "Quantifying organic carbon fluxes from upland peat." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/quantifying-organic-carbon-fluxes-from-upland-peat(f66901b0-b930-469e-8c33-2e480c4becd1).html.

Full text
Abstract:
Present organic carbon fluxes from an upland peat catchment were quantified through measurement of in-situ direct and indirect greenhouse gas fluxes. To predict future greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes, peat from eroded (E) and uneroded (U) site of an upland peat catchment was characterized.Composition of peat from E and U sites at the Crowden Great Brook catchment, Peak District Nation Park, UK that was characterized by Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (Py-GC-MS) at 700 oC. Pyrolysis products of the peat were then classified using the Vancampenhout classification into 6 compound classes - viz. aromatic and polyaromatic (Ar), phenols (Ph), lignin compounds (Lg), soil lipids (Lp), polysaccharide compounds (Ps) and N-compounds (N). There was no significant difference in the composition between the eroded and uneroded sites within the study area or between peats from different depths within each site. Nevertheless, there was a significant difference between sites in the proportions of Sphagnum that had contributed to the peat. Pyrolysis products of the peat were also classified into pedogenic (Pd) and aquagenic (Aq) OC – the mean percentage of Pd in both eroded and uneroded peats was 43.93 ± 4.30 % with the balance of the OC classified as Aq.Greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes were quantified directly by in-situ continuous measurement of GHG was carried out at the E and U sites of the catchment using a GasClam: mean in-situ gas concentrations of CH4 (1.30 ± 0.04 % v/v (E), 0.59 ± 0.05 % v/v (U) and CO2 (8.83 ± 0.22 % v/v (E), 1.77 ± 0.03 % v/v (U)) were observed, with both the CH4 and CO2 concentrations apparently unrelated to atmospheric pressure and temperature changes. Laboratory measurements of ex-situ gas production - for both CH4 and CO2 this was higher for U site soils than for E site soils. At the U site, maximum production rates of both CH4 (46.11±1.47 mMol t-1 day-1) and CO2 (45.56 ± 10.19 mMol t-1 day-1) were observed for 0-50 cm depth in soils. Increased temperature did not affect gas production, whilst increased oxygen increased gas production. The CH4/CO2 ratios observed in-situ are not similar to those observed in the ex-situ laboratory experiments; suggest that some caution is advised in interpreting the latter. However, the maximum OC loss of 2.3 wt. % observed after 20 weeks of ex-situ incubation is nevertheless consistent with the long-term degradation noted by Bellamy et al (1985) from organic-rich UK soils. Indirect greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes were quantified through the mass flux of suspended organic carbon (SsOC) drained from studied catchments. The SsOC was quantified by interpolating and rating methods. Unfiltered (UF) organic carbon (OC) fluxes in 2010 were calculated to be 8.86 t/km2/yr for the eroded sub-catchment and 6.74 t/km2/yr for the uneroded sub-catchment. All the rating relationships have a large amount of scatter. Both UF OC and <0.2 µm fraction OC are positively correlated with discharge at the eroded site, whilst there is no discernable relationship with discharge at the uneroded site. SsOC is dominated by Pd type OC (95.23 ± 10.20 % from E; 92.84 ± 5.38 % from U) far more so than in sources of the peats, suggesting slower oxidation of Pd (cf. Aq) OC.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Dragana, Vidojević. "Процена резерви органске материје у земљиштима Србије." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Poljoprivredni fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2016. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=99871&source=NDLTD&language=en.

Full text
Abstract:
Ово истраживање има за циљ да процени резерве органског угљеника у земљишту и представи његову просторну дистрибуцију у земљиштима Републике Србије, као и да утврди зависност садржаја органског угљеника у земљишту од типа земљишта, температуре, падавина, надморске висине, начина коришћења земљишта и морфогенетских карактеристика рељефа. Резерве органског угљеника у земљишту процењене су за слој 0-30 cm и 0-100 cm дубине на основу резултата из базе података уз коришћење педолошке карте и карте коришћења земљишта. За потребе утврђивања зависности садржаја органског угљеника и типа земљишта педолошка карта Србије је прилагођена WRB класификацији и садржи 15.437 полигона. Примењена методологија за процену резерве органског угљеника за дату дубину је базирана на сумирању резерве органског угљеника по слојевима земљишта која се добија на основу запреминске масе, вредности садржаја органског угљеника и дебљине слоја. Прорачун је урађен за сваки профил посебно, затим је урађена калкулација за сваку референтну групу земљишта на основу резултата средњих вредности садржаја органског угљеника до 30 cm и 100 cm дубине за главне референтне групе и њихових површина. На основу површина референтних група земљишта, површине Републике Србије и вредности садржаја за сваку референтну групу, добијене су укупне резерве органског угљеника до 30 cm дубине које износе 0,71 Pg. Резултати анализе резерве органског угљеника до 100 cm дубине показују вредност 1,16 Pg.На основу Corine Land Cover (CLC) базе података за 2006. годину издвојене су површине главних категорија начина коришћења земљишта. На основу резултата средњих вредности садржаја органског угљеника до 30 и 100 cm дубине и површине коју заузима Corine Land Cover категорија начина коришћења земљишта израчуната је укупна вредност резерве органског угљеника за пољопривредна земљишта, шуме и полуприродна подручја и вештачке површине.Резултати показују да су резерве органског угљеника у оквиру категорије пољопривредних површина 303,22 x 1012g (Tg) до 30 cm дубине и 600,25 x 1012g (Tg) до 100 cm дубине. Категорије шуме и полуприродна подручја имају резерве од основних климатских елемената температуре и падавина и надморске висине показује да постоји средње јака до јака статистичка зависност у оквиру испитивања реализованих до 30 и 100 cm дубине.органског угљеника 345,26 x 1012g (Tg) угљеника до 30 cm и 457,55 x 1012g (Tg) до 100 cm дубине. Резултати показују вредности резерве органског угљеника у категорији вештачке површине која углавном обухватају локалитете у оквиру зелених урбаних подручја и рекреационих површина 19,21 x 1012g (Tg) до 30 cm и 41,50 x 1012g (Tg) до 100 cm дубине.Анализа садржаја резерве органског угљеника према начину коришћења земљишта показује да су вредности садржаја органског угљеника веће у шумама и полуприродним подручјима у односу на пољопривредне површине и то за 40,71 % до 30 cm, односно за 11,43 % до 100 cm дубине. Прорачун губитка резерве органског угљеника у земљишту на подручјима где је извршена пренамена пољопривредних површина, шума и полуприродних подручја у урбано земљиште, без категорије зелена урбана подручја, у периоду 1990-2006. године показује укупну вредности од 0,92 Mt С, односно 1,49 Mt С за дубинe до 30 cm, односно до 100 cm.Утврђивање статистичке зависности садржаја органског угљеника у земљиштуод основних климатских елемената температуре и падавина и надморске висине показује да постоји средње јака до јака статистичка зависност у оквиру испитивања реализованих до 30 и 100 cm дубине.Прорачун садржаја резерве органског угљеника у земљишту у зависности од морфометријских карактеристика рељефа показујe да резерва садржаја органског угљеника у земљишту расте са порастом надморске висине. Највеће средње вредности садржаја измерене су на терену који обухвата планине са надморским висинама од 1.000-2.000 m и који обухвата 11,5 % територије Републике Србије
Ovo istraživanje ima za cilj da proceni rezerve organskog ugljenika u zemljištu i predstavi njegovu prostornu distribuciju u zemljištima Republike Srbije, kao i da utvrdi zavisnost sadržaja organskog ugljenika u zemljištu od tipa zemljišta, temperature, padavina, nadmorske visine, načina korišćenja zemljišta i morfogenetskih karakteristika reljefa. Rezerve organskog ugljenika u zemljištu procenjene su za sloj 0-30 cm i 0-100 cm dubine na osnovu rezultata iz baze podataka uz korišćenje pedološke karte i karte korišćenja zemljišta. Za potrebe utvrđivanja zavisnosti sadržaja organskog ugljenika i tipa zemljišta pedološka karta Srbije je prilagođena WRB klasifikaciji i sadrži 15.437 poligona. Primenjena metodologija za procenu rezerve organskog ugljenika za datu dubinu je bazirana na sumiranju rezerve organskog ugljenika po slojevima zemljišta koja se dobija na osnovu zapreminske mase, vrednosti sadržaja organskog ugljenika i debljine sloja. Proračun je urađen za svaki profil posebno, zatim je urađena kalkulacija za svaku referentnu grupu zemljišta na osnovu rezultata srednjih vrednosti sadržaja organskog ugljenika do 30 cm i 100 cm dubine za glavne referentne grupe i njihovih površina. Na osnovu površina referentnih grupa zemljišta, površine Republike Srbije i vrednosti sadržaja za svaku referentnu grupu, dobijene su ukupne rezerve organskog ugljenika do 30 cm dubine koje iznose 0,71 Pg. Rezultati analize rezerve organskog ugljenika do 100 cm dubine pokazuju vrednost 1,16 Pg.Na osnovu Corine Land Cover (CLC) baze podataka za 2006. godinu izdvojene su površine glavnih kategorija načina korišćenja zemljišta. Na osnovu rezultata srednjih vrednosti sadržaja organskog ugljenika do 30 i 100 cm dubine i površine koju zauzima Corine Land Cover kategorija načina korišćenja zemljišta izračunata je ukupna vrednost rezerve organskog ugljenika za poljoprivredna zemljišta, šume i poluprirodna područja i veštačke površine.Rezultati pokazuju da su rezerve organskog ugljenika u okviru kategorije poljoprivrednih površina 303,22 x 1012g (Tg) do 30 cm dubine i 600,25 x 1012g (Tg) do 100 cm dubine. Kategorije šume i poluprirodna područja imaju rezerve od osnovnih klimatskih elemenata temperature i padavina i nadmorske visine pokazuje da postoji srednje jaka do jaka statistička zavisnost u okviru ispitivanja realizovanih do 30 i 100 cm dubine.organskog ugljenika 345,26 x 1012g (Tg) ugljenika do 30 cm i 457,55 x 1012g (Tg) do 100 cm dubine. Rezultati pokazuju vrednosti rezerve organskog ugljenika u kategoriji veštačke površine koja uglavnom obuhvataju lokalitete u okviru zelenih urbanih područja i rekreacionih površina 19,21 x 1012g (Tg) do 30 cm i 41,50 x 1012g (Tg) do 100 cm dubine.Analiza sadržaja rezerve organskog ugljenika prema načinu korišćenja zemljišta pokazuje da su vrednosti sadržaja organskog ugljenika veće u šumama i poluprirodnim područjima u odnosu na poljoprivredne površine i to za 40,71 % do 30 cm, odnosno za 11,43 % do 100 cm dubine. Proračun gubitka rezerve organskog ugljenika u zemljištu na područjima gde je izvršena prenamena poljoprivrednih površina, šuma i poluprirodnih područja u urbano zemljište, bez kategorije zelena urbana područja, u periodu 1990-2006. godine pokazuje ukupnu vrednosti od 0,92 Mt S, odnosno 1,49 Mt S za dubine do 30 cm, odnosno do 100 cm.Utvrđivanje statističke zavisnosti sadržaja organskog ugljenika u zemljištuod osnovnih klimatskih elemenata temperature i padavina i nadmorske visine pokazuje da postoji srednje jaka do jaka statistička zavisnost u okviru ispitivanja realizovanih do 30 i 100 cm dubine.Proračun sadržaja rezerve organskog ugljenika u zemljištu u zavisnosti od morfometrijskih karakteristika reljefa pokazuje da rezerva sadržaja organskog ugljenika u zemljištu raste sa porastom nadmorske visine. Najveće srednje vrednosti sadržaja izmerene su na terenu koji obuhvata planine sa nadmorskim visinama od 1.000-2.000 m i koji obuhvata 11,5 % teritorije Republike Srbije
The aim of this study was to quantify current SOC stocks and present the spatial distribution of organic carbon (SOC) in the soils of Republic of Serbia. The relation of SOC content to soil type, temperature, precipitation, altitude, land use and topography was investigated. Organic carbon stocks were estimated for soil layers 0-30 cm and 0-100 cm based on the results from a database and using soil and land use maps.To establish the relationship between organic carbon content and soil type, a soil map of Serbia was adapted to the WRB classification and divided into 15,437 polygons (map units). The methodology for SOC stocks estimation was based on bulk density, organic carbon content and thickness of the analyzed soil layers. We calculated the values for each reference soil group based on mean values of SOC at 0-30 and 0-100 cm in the main reference groups and their areas. Based on the size of the reference groups, total area of Republic of Serbia, and the SOC values for each reference group, we calculated the total SOC stocks. The obtained values for the soil layers 0-30 cm and 0-100 cm amounted to 0,71 Pg and 1,16 Pg respectively.Using Corine Land Cover (CLC) database for 2006, we defined areas of the major categories of land use. Based on the obtained mean values of organic carbon content at 0-30 and 0-100 cm and the areas indicated by Corine Land Cover categories of land use, we calculated the organic carbon stocks in agricultural land, forest land, semi-natural areas, and artificial areas. The results showed that the organic carbon stocks in the category of agricultural land were 303.22 x 1012 g (Tg) and 600.25 x 1012 g (Tg) at 0-30 cm and 0-100 cm, respectively. In the category of forests and semi-natural areas, the organic carbon stocks were 345.26 x 1012 g (Tg) and 457.55 x 1012 g (Tg) at 0-30 cm and 0-100 cm, respectively. In the category of artificial areas, which mainly included sites within urban green areas and recreational areas, the organic carbon stocks were 19.21 x 1012 g (Tg) and 41.50 x 1012 g (Tg) at 0-30 cm and 0-100 cm, respectively. The map of organic carbon distribution depending on land use method indicated that organic carbon stocks were higher in forests and semi-natural areas than in agricultural land, up to 40.71% and 11.43% at 0-30 cm and 0-100 cm, respectively.SOC loss amount to 0,92 Mt С at 0-30 cm layer and 1,49 Mt С at 0-100 cm layer in the period 1990-2006 as a results of conversion from agricultural land, forestland and semi-natural areas to artificial areas.For soil layers 0-30 and 0-100 cm, a medium to strong statistical relationship between temperature, precipitation and altitude and amount of organic carbon in soil is indicated. The soil organic carbon density was significantly affected by altitude. SOC content increased with increasing altitude.The highest mean values of organic carbon content were found in the mountainous areas within the elevation of 1000-2000 m, which covers 11,5 % of the territory of the Republic of Serbia.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Bader, Nicholas E. "Plant control of soil organic carbon accumulation /." Diss., Digital Dissertations Database. Restricted to UC campuses, 2006. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Zatta, Alessandro <1976&gt. "Soil organic carbon dynamics under perennial energy crops." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/5921/.

Full text
Abstract:
The European renewable energy directive 2009/28/EC (E.C. 2009) provides a legislative framework for reducing GHG emissions by 20%, while achieving a 20% share of energy from renewable sources by 2020. Perennial energy crops could significantly contribute to limit GHG emissions through replacing equivalent fossil fuels and by sequestering a considerable amount of carbon into the soil through the large amounts of belowground biomass produced. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of land use change that perennial energy crops have on croplands (switchgrass) and marginal grasslands (miscanthus). For that purpose above and belowground biomass, SOC variation and Net Ecosystem Exchange were evaluated after five years of growth. At aboveground level both crops produced high biomass under cropland conditions as well as under marginal soils. At belowground level they also produced large amounts of biomass, but no significant influences on SOC in the upper layer (0-30 cm) were found. This is probably because of the "priming effect" that caused fast carbon substitution. In switchgrass only it was found a significant SOC increase in deeper layers (30-60 cm), while in the whole soil profile (0-60 cm) SOC increased from 42 to 51 ha-1. However, the short experimental periods (for both switchgrass and miscanthus), in which land use change was evaluated, do not permit to determine the real capacity of perennial energy crops to accumulate SOC. In conclusion the large amounts of belowground biomass enhanced the SOC dynamic through the priming effect resulting in increased SOC in cropland but not in marginal grassland.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Zakharova, Anna. "Soil organic matter dynamics: influence of soil disturbance on labile pools." Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Biological Sciences, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/9944.

Full text
Abstract:
Soils are the largest pool of carbon (C) in terrestrial ecosystems and store 1500 Gt of C in their soil organic matter (SOM). SOM is a dynamic, complex and heterogeneous mixture, which influences soil quality through a wide range of soil properties. Labile SOM comprises a small fraction of total SOM (approximately 5%), but due to its rapid turnover has been suggested to be most vulnerable to loss following soil disturbance. This research was undertaken to examine the consequences of soil disturbance on labile SOM, its availability and protection in soils using the isotopic analysis of soil-respired CO₂ (δ¹³CO₂). A range of soils were incubated in both the short- (minutes) and long-term (months) to assess changes in labile SOM. Shifts in soil-respired δ¹³CO₂ over the course of soil incubations were found to reflect changes in labile substrate utilisation. There was a rapid depletion of δ¹³CO₂ (from a starting range between -22.5 and -23.9‰, to between -25.8 and -27.5‰) immediately after soil sampling. These initial changes in δ¹³CO₂ indicated an increased availability of labile SOM following the disturbance of coring the soil and starting the incubations. Subsequently δ¹³CO₂ reverted back to the initial, relatively enriched starting values, but this took several months and was due to labile SOM pools becoming exhausted. A subsequent study was undertaken to test if soil-respired δ¹³CO₂ values are a direct function of the amount of labile SOM and soil physical conditions. A range of pasture soils were incubated in the short-term (300 minutes), and changes in soil-respired δ¹³CO₂ were measured along with physical and chemical soil properties. Equilibrium soil-respired δ¹³CO₂, observed after the initial rapid depletion and stabilisation, was a function of the amount of labile SOM (measured as hot water extractable C, HWEC), total soil C and soil protection capacity (measured as specific soil surface area, SSA). An independent experimental approach to assess the effect of SSA, where labile SOM was immobilised onto allophane – a clay mineral with large, active surface area – indicated limited availability of labile SOM through more enriched δ¹³CO₂ (in a range between -20.5 and -20.6 ‰) and a significant (up to three times) reduction in HWEC. In the third study, isotopic measurements were coupled with CO₂ evolution rates to directly test whether equilibrium soil-respired δ¹³CO₂ can reflect labile SOM vulnerability to loss. Soils were sampled from an experimental tillage trial with different management treatments (chemical fallow, arable cropping and permanent pasture) with a range of C inputs and soil disturbance regimes. Soils were incubated in the short- (300 minutes) and long-term (600 days) and changes in δ¹³CO₂ and respiration rates measured. Physical and chemical fractionation methods were used to quantify the amount of labile SOM. Pasture soils were characterised by higher labile SOM estimates (HWEC; sand-sized C; labile C respired during long-term incubations) than the other soils. Long-term absence of plant inputs in fallow soils resulted in a significant depletion of labile SOM (close to 50% based on sand-sized C and HWEC estimates) compared with pasture soils. The values of δ¹³CO₂ became more depleted in 13C from fallow to pasture soils (from -26.3 ‰ to -28.1 ‰) and, when standardised (against the isotopic composition of the solid soil material), Δ¹³CO₂ values also showed a decrease from fallow to pasture soils (from -0.3 ‰ to -1.1 ‰). Moreover, these patterns in isotopic measures were in strong agreement with the amount of labile SOM and its availability across the soils, and were best explained by the isotopic values of the labile HWEC fraction. Collectively, these results confirm that labile SOM availability and utilisation change immediately after soil disturbance. Moreover, isotopic analysis of soil-respired CO₂ is a powerful technique, which enables us to probe mechanisms and examine the consequences of soil disturbance on labile SOM by reflecting its availability and the degree of SOM protection.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Beniston, Joshua W. "Soil Organic Carbon Dynamics and Tallgrass Prairie Land Management." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1253558307.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Books on the topic "Soil organic carbon. eng"

1

Smith, W. Soil degradation risk indicator: Organic carbon component. Ottawa: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 1997.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Leventhal, Joel S. Soil organic carbon content in rice soils of Arkansas and Louisiana and a comparison to non-agricultural soils, including a bibliography for agricultural soil carbon. [Denver, CO]: U.S. Geological Survey, 1997.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Leventhal, Joel S. Soil organic carbon content in rice soils of Arkansas and Louisiana and a comparison to non-agricultural soils, including a bibliography for agricultural soil carbon. [Denver, CO]: U.S. Geological Survey, 1997.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

service), SpringerLink (Online, ed. Carbon Sequestration in Agricultural Soils: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Innovative Methods. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Nong tian tu rang you ji tan bian hua yan jiu: Nongtian turang youjitan bianhua yanjiu. Wuhu Shi: Anhui shi fan da xue chu ban she, 2011.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Ryan, Miriam G. The influence of draught and rewetting on the dynamics of nitrogen, potassium and disolved organic carbon in a coniferous forest ecosystem. Dublin: University College Dublin, 1997.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

McInerney, M. The effect of earthworm activity, silt/clay content and climatic interactions on soil organic matter dynamics in forestry systems. Dublin: University College Dublin, 1998.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Soil Organic Carbon: The Hidden Potential. Food & Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2017.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

J, Zinke Paul, Millemann Raymond E, Boden Thomas A, Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (U.S.), Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Environmental Sciences Division, United States. Dept. of Energy. Office of Basic Energy Sciences. Carbon Dioxide Research Division, and United States. Dept. of Energy. Office of Energy Research, eds. Worldwide organic soil carbon and nitrogen data. Oak Ridge, Tenn: Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1986.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Ochs, Michael. Association of hydrophobic organic compounds with dissolved soil organic carbon. 1988.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Book chapters on the topic "Soil organic carbon. eng"

1

Zaman, M., K. Kleineidam, L. Bakken, J. Berendt, C. Bracken, K. Butterbach-Bahl, Z. Cai, et al. "Climate-Smart Agriculture Practices for Mitigating Greenhouse Gas Emissions." In Measuring Emission of Agricultural Greenhouse Gases and Developing Mitigation Options using Nuclear and Related Techniques, 303–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55396-8_8.

Full text
Abstract:
AbstractAgricultural lands make up approximately 37% of the global land surface, and agriculture is a significant source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, including carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). Those GHGs are responsible for the majority of the anthropogenic global warming effect. Agricultural GHG emissions are associated with agricultural soil management (e.g. tillage), use of both synthetic and organic fertilisers, livestock management, burning of fossil fuel for agricultural operations, and burning of agricultural residues and land use change. When natural ecosystems such as grasslands are converted to agricultural production, 20–40% of the soil organic carbon (SOC) is lost over time, following cultivation. We thus need to develop management practices that can maintain or even increase SOCstorage in and reduce GHG emissions from agricultural ecosystems. We need to design systematic approaches and agricultural strategies that can ensure sustainable food production under predicted climate change scenarios, approaches that are being called climate‐smart agriculture (CSA). Climate‐smart agricultural management practices, including conservation tillage, use of cover crops and biochar application to agricultural fields, and strategic application of synthetic and organic fertilisers have been considered a way to reduce GHG emission from agriculture. Agricultural management practices can be improved to decreasing disturbance to the soil by decreasing the frequency and extent of cultivation as a way to minimise soil C loss and/or to increase soil C storage. Fertiliser nitrogen (N) use efficiency can be improved to reduce fertilizer N application and N loss. Management measures can also be taken to minimise agricultural biomass burning. This chapter reviews the current literature on CSA practices that are available to reduce GHG emissions and increase soil Csequestration and develops a guideline on best management practices to reduce GHG emissions, increase C sequestration, and enhance crop productivity in agricultural production systems.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

de Brogniez, Delphine, Cristiano Ballabio, Bas van Wesemael, Robert J. A. Jones, Antoine Stevens, and Luca Montanarella. "Topsoil Organic Carbon Map of Europe." In Soil Carbon, 393–405. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04084-4_39.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

McBratney, Alex B., Uta Stockmann, Denis A. Angers, Budiman Minasny, and Damien J. Field. "Challenges for Soil Organic Carbon Research." In Soil Carbon, 3–16. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04084-4_1.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Poch, Rosa M., and Iñigo Virto. "Micromorphology Techniques for Soil Organic Carbon Studies." In Soil Carbon, 17–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04084-4_2.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Jakab, Gergely, Klaudia Kiss, Zoltán Szalai, Nóra Zboray, Tibor Németh, and Balázs Madarász. "Soil Organic Carbon Redistribution by Erosion on Arable Fields." In Soil Carbon, 289–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04084-4_30.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Bockheim, James G., and Nick W. Haus. "Distribution of Organic Carbon in the Soils of Antarctica." In Soil Carbon, 373–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04084-4_37.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Funakawa, Shinya, Kazumichi Fujii, Atsunobu Kadono, Tetsuhiro Watanabe, and Takashi Kosaki. "Could Soil Acidity Enhance Sequestration of Organic Carbon in Soils?" In Soil Carbon, 209–16. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04084-4_22.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Bliss, Norman B., Sharon W. Waltman, Larry T. West, Anne Neale, and Megan Mehaffey. "Distribution of Soil Organic Carbon in the Conterminous United States." In Soil Carbon, 85–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04084-4_9.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Michéli, Erika, Phillip R. Owens, Vince Láng, Márta Fuchs, and Jon Hempel. "Organic Carbon as a Major Differentiation Criterion in Soil Classification Systems." In Soil Carbon, 37–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04084-4_4.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Atanassova, Irena D., Stefan H. Doerr, and Gary L. Mills. "Hot-Water-Soluble Organic Compounds Related to Hydrophobicity in Sandy Soils." In Soil Carbon, 137–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04084-4_14.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Conference papers on the topic "Soil organic carbon. eng"

1

Hersh, Benjamin, and Amin Mirkouei. "Life Cycle Assessment of Pyrolysis-Derived Biochar From Organic Wastes and Advanced Feedstocks." In ASME 2019 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-97896.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract Recent interest in reducing stress on the food-energy-water (FEW) nexus requires the use of renewable, organic products that can subsequently address environmental sustainability concerns, such as mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. Pyrolysis-derived biochar from organic wastes (e.g., nutrient-rich agricultural wastes and leftovers, forest harvest residues, and cattle manure) and advanced feedstocks (e.g., algae) is capable of addressing ever-increasing global FEW concerns. Biochar water-nutrient holding capacity and carbon sequestration are key attributes for improving organic farming and irrigation management. The major challenge to commercialize biochar production from organic wastes is the conversion process. Pyrolysis process is a cost-effective and successful approach in comparison to other conversion technologies (e.g., gasification) due to low energy requirement and capital cost, as well as high process efficiency and biochar quality. To determine the environmental impacts of the biochar production process, an analysis of the material, energy, and emission flows of a small-scale pyrolysis process is conducted for a real case study, using life cycle assessment method with the assistance of available life cycle inventory databases within OpenLCA software. The results demonstrate that this study is able to enhance sustainability aspects across FEW systems by (a) employing a portable refinery to address upstream challenges (i.e., collection, transportation, and preprocessing) of waste-to-biochar life cycle, (b) recycling domestic forest and agricultural residues (e.g., pine wood), (c) producing organic biochar-derived soil conditioners that can improve organic cropping and FEW systems. Ultimately, we conclude by discussing techno-economic and socio-environmental implications of biochar production from organic wastes and advanced feedstocks.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Meador, T., J. Niedzwiecka, S. Jabinski, T. Picek, R. Angel, and H. Šantrůčková. "Modes of Soil Organic Carbon Sequestration and Carbon Use Efficiency Determined by Soil Aeration Status." In 30th International Meeting on Organic Geochemistry (IMOG 2021). European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.202134129.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Matarrese, Raffaella, Valeria Ancona, Rosamaria Salvatori, Maria Rita Muolo, Vito Felice Uricchio, and Michele Vurro. "Detecting soil organic carbon by CASI hyperspectral images." In IGARSS 2014 - 2014 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2014.6947181.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Raines, Eron, Kevin Norton, Anthony Dosseto, Quan Hua, Claire Lukens, Julie Deslippe, and Maia Bellingham. "Chemical Weathering and Organic Carbon Turnover in Soil." In Goldschmidt2020. Geochemical Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2020.2159.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Hu, Yunfeng, Jiyuan Liu, Dafang Zhuang, Shaoqiang Wang, Fengting Yang, and Siqing Chen. "Soil erosion effects on soil organic carbon and an assessment within China." In Optical Science and Technology, the SPIE 49th Annual Meeting, edited by Wei Gao and David R. Shaw. SPIE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.558631.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Zhichen, Yang, Li Hong, and Bai Jinshun. "Effects on Soil Organic Carbon and Microbial Biomass Carbon of Different Tillage." In 2015 AASRI International Conference on Circuits and Systems (CAS 2015). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/cas-15.2015.6.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

"Analysis of the spatiotemporal distribution of soil organic carbon." In 21st International Congress on Modelling and Simulation (MODSIM2015). Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.36334/modsim.2015.f6.kunkel.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Bobric, Iuliana Gabriela. "SOIL ORGANIC MATTER ASSESSMENT FROM NEAMTU CATCHMENT SOILS THROUGH VARIOUS ORGANIC CARBON METHODS." In 17th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2017. Stef92 Technology, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2017/32/s13.066.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Lu, Peng, Zheng Niu, and Linghao Li. "Prediction of Soil Organic Carbon by Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Imagery." In 2012 Third Global Congress on Intelligent Systems (GCIS). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/gcis.2012.13.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Baumgartl, Thomas, J. Chan, F. Bucka, and E. Pihlap. "Soil organic carbon in rehabilitated coal mine soils as an indicator for soil health." In 14th International Conference on Mine Closure. QMC Group, Ulaanbaatar, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36487/acg_repo/2152_121.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Reports on the topic "Soil organic carbon. eng"

1

Zinke, P. J., A. G. Stangenberger, W. M. Post, W. R. Emanual, and J. S. Olson. Worldwide organic soil carbon and nitrogen data. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/543663.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Gebhart, Dick L., H. A. Torbert, and Michael Hargrave. Identifying Military Impacts on Archaeological Deposits Based on Differences in Soil Organic Carbon and Chemical Elements at Soil Horizon Interfaces. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada559158.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Firestone, Mary. Mapping soil carbon from cradle to grave: drafting a molecular blueprint for C transformation from roots to stabilized soil organic C. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1437612.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Bradford, M. A., J. M. Melillo, J. F. Reynolds, K. K. Treseder, and M. D. Wallenstein. Heterotrophic Soil Respiration in Warming Experiments: Using Microbial Indicators to Partition Contributions from Labile and Recalcitrant Soil Organic Carbon. Final Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/981713.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Kostka, Joel. The response of soil carbon storage and microbially mediated carbon turnover to simulated climatic disturbance in a northern peatland forest. Revisiting the concept of soil organic matter recalcitrance. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1330571.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Wallenstein, Matthew. Understanding Litter Input Controls on Soil Organic Matter Turnover and Formation are Essential for Improving Carbon-Climate Feedback Predictions for Arctic, Tundra Ecosystems. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1411190.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic 'Soil organic carbon. eng' for particular source types:
Journal articles Dissertations / Theses Books
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

To the bibliography