Relevant bibliographies by topics / Soil organic carbon (SOC)

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Soil organic carbon (SOC)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 20 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Soil organic carbon (SOC)"

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Yang, Xueqin, Mingxiang Xu, Yunge Zhao, Liqian Gao, and Shanshan Wang. "Moss-dominated biological soil crusts improve stability of soil organic carbon on the Loess Plateau, China." Plant, Soil and Environment 65, No. 2 (February 1, 2019): 104–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/473/2018-pse.

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The succession of biological soil crust (biocrust) may alter soil organic carbon (SOC) stability by affecting SOC fractions in arid and semi-arid regions. In the study, the SOC fractions were measured including soil easily oxidizable carbon (SEOC), soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC), soil water soluble carbon (SWSC), and soil mineralizable carbon (SMC) at the Loess Plateau of China by using four biocrusts. The results show that SOC fractions in the biocrust layer were consistently higher than that in the subsoil layers. The average SOC content of moss crust was approximately 1.3–2.0 fold that of three other biocrusts. Moss crusts contain the lowest ratio of SEOC to SOC compared with other biocrusts. The ratio of SMC to SOC was the highest in light cyanobacteria biocrust and the lowest in moss crust, but no difference was observed in SMBC to SOC and SWSC to SOC in biocrust layers among four studied biocrusts. The results show that the moss crusts increase the accumulation of organic carbon into soil and reduce the ratio of SEOC to SOC and SMC to SOC. Together, these findings indicate that moss crusts increase the SOC stability and have important implications that SOC fractions and mineralization amount are good indicators for assessing the SOC stability.
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Salazar, María Paz, Rafael Villarreal, Luis Alberto Lozano, María Florencia Otero, Nicolás Guillermo Polich, Guido Lautaro Bellora, and Carlos Germán Soracco. "Soil organic carbon." Revista de la Facultad de Agronomía 119, no. 2 (December 7, 2020): 053. http://dx.doi.org/10.24215/16699513e053.

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Soil organic carbon (SOC) is an important factor for soil quality diagnosis. Physical and chemical fractionation of SOC are useful to characterize SOC, because some fractions are more sensitive indicators of the effects of different management practices. The aims of this study were (i) to determine values of SOC and different fractions of SOC at different depths and positions in an Argiudoll of the Argentinian Pampas under NT, and (ii) to determine the relation between physical and chemical fractions of SOC. In an experimental plot located in Chascomús, we determined SOC content, humic acids (HA), fulvic acids (FA), humins, coarse and fine particulate organic carbon (POCc and POCf) and mineral associated organic carbon (MOC), at different depths and in the row and inter-row. The content of SOC and different SOC fractions, as well as the contribution of each fraction to SOC showed a vertical variation. The contribution of HA and POCc (newer and more labile fractions) to SOC was larger in the surface than in deeper layers, while humins’ (older and more recalcitrant fraction) contribution to SOC increased with depth, and the contribution of FA, POCf and MOC to SOC remained relatively constant. There was no effect of row and inter-row in SOC content and composition. FA content was correlated to POCc, HA content to POCc and POCf and humins to MOC.
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Wang, Z. M., B. Zhang, K. S. Song, D. W. Liu, F. Li, Z. X. Guo, and S. M. Zhang. "Soil organic carbon under different landscape attributes in croplands of Northeast China." Plant, Soil and Environment 54, No. 10 (October 24, 2008): 420–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/402-pse.

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Soil organic carbon (SOC) was measured in topsoil samples of agricultural soils from 311 locations of Jiutai County, Northeast China. The spatial characteristics of SOC were studied using the Geographic Information Systems and geostatistics. Effects of other soil physical and chemical properties, elevation, slope, soil type and land use type were explored. SOC concentrations followed a lognormal distribution, with a geometric mean of 1.50%. The experimental variogram of SOC has been fitted with an exponential model. Our results highlighted total nitrogen and pH as the soil properties that have the greatest influence on SOC levels. Upland eroding areas have significantly less SOC than soils in deposition areas. Results showed that, soil type had a significant relationship with SOC, reflecting the effect of soil parent materials. Soil samples from paddy fields and vegetable fields had higher SOC concentrations than those from dry farming land.
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Cienciala, E., Z. Exnerová, J. Macků, and V. Henžlík. "Foresttopsoil organic carbon content inSouthwest Bohemiaregion." Journal of Forest Science 52, No. 9 (January 9, 2012): 387–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4519-jfs.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate organic carbon content (SOC) in the surface layers of forest soils in the two Natural Forest Regions situated in Southwest Bohemia, namely Z&aacute;padočesk&aacute; pahorkatina (NFR 6) and Česk&yacute; les (NFR 11). The study is based upon on two consecutive soil sampling campaigns during autumn 2003 and 2004. While the sampling of 2003 was inadequate to estimate bulk density, the consecutive campaign used a defined sample volume to permit an estimation of bulk density and quantification of soil organic carbon (SOC) for soil organic layers and the upper mineral horizon. The total sampling depth was 30 cm including both organic and mineral layer. SOC of organic horizon was on average 1.99 kg&nbsp;C/m<sup>2</sup>. It differed by stand site type ranging from 0.70&nbsp;to 3.04 kg&nbsp;C/m<sup>2</sup>. The organic layer SOC was smallest under beech (1.03 kg&nbsp;C/m<sup>2</sup>), whereas it was higher under pine (2.19 kg&nbsp;C/m<sup>2</sup>) and spruce <br />(2.09 kg&nbsp;C/m<sup>2</sup>). SOC in the mineral layer was in average 7.28 kg&nbsp;C/m<sup>2</sup>. SOC differed significantly by the major tree species and reached 10.6; 5.67 and 7.5 kg&nbsp;C/m<sup>2</sup> for beech, pine and spruce sites, respectively. The average SOC for the total soil layer (0&ndash;30 cm) reached 9.33 kg&nbsp;C/m<sup>2</sup>. The methodological aspects of regional estimation of SOC and the potential of utilization of the national forest inventory program are also discussed.
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Liu, Man, Guilin Han, Zichuan Li, Qian Zhang, and Zhaoliang Song. "Soil organic carbon sequestration in soil aggregates in the karst Critical Zone Observatory, Southwest China." Plant, Soil and Environment 65, No. 5 (May 27, 2019): 253–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/602/2018-pse.

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Soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration in aggregates under land use change have been widely concerned due to intimate impacts on the sink (or source) of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>). However, the quantitative relationship between soil aggregation and SOC sequestration under land uses change has been poorly studied. Distribution of aggregates, SOC contents in bulk soils and different size aggregates and their contributions to SOC sequestration were determined under different land uses in the Puding Karst Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, karst Critical Zone Observatory (CZO), Southwest China. Soil aggregation and SOC sequestration increased in the processes of farmland abandonment and recovery. SOC contents in micro-aggregates were larger than those in macro-aggregates in restored land soils, while the opposite results in farmland soils were obtained, probably due to the hindrance of the C-enriched SOC transport from macro-aggregate into micro-aggregate by the disturbance of agricultural activities. SOC contents in macro-aggregates exponentially increased with their proportions along successional land uses. Macro-aggregates accounted for over 80% on the SOC sequestration in restored land soils, while they accounted for 31–60% in farmland soils. These results indicated that macro-aggregates have a great potential for SOC sequestration in karst soils.
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Wang, Qiuju, Xin Liu, Jingyang Li, Xiaoyu Yang, and Zhenhua Guo. "Straw application and soil organic carbon change: A meta-analysis." Soil and Water Research 16, No. 2 (April 9, 2021): 112–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/155/2020-swr.

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Straw return is considered an effective way to improve the soil organic carbon (SOC) content of farmland. Most studies have suggested that a straw application increases the SOC content; however, some suggest that a straw application reduces the SOC content when used in combination with mineral fertilisation. Therefore, a meta-analysis of the effect of a straw application on the SOC change is needed. This study comprises a meta-analysis of 115 observations from 65 research articles worldwide. Straw applications can significantly increase the proportion of the SOC in the soil. Straw applications caused a significant microbial biomass carbon (MBC) increase in tropical and warm climatic zones. The MBC increase was higher than the SOC increase. For agriculture, the most important soil functions are the maintenance of the crop productivity, the nutrient and water transformation, the biological flora and activity, and the maintenance of the microbial abundance and activity. These functions should be prioritised in order to maintain the SOC function and services. Straw applications should not be excessive, especially when combined with mineral fertilisation, in order to avoid the loss of carbon from the straw in the form of greenhouse gases. A large amount of unused fertiliser also leads to a series of environmental problems.
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Shi, Y., F. Baumann, Y. Ma, C. Song, P. Kühn, T. Scholten, and J. S. He. "Organic and inorganic carbon in the topsoil of the Mongolian and Tibetan grasslands: pattern, control and implications." Biogeosciences 9, no. 6 (June 27, 2012): 2287–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-2287-2012.

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Abstract. Soil carbon (C) is the largest C pool in the terrestrial biosphere and includes both inorganic and organic components. Studying patterns and controls of soil C help us to understand and estimate potential responses of soil C to global change in the future. Here we analyzed topsoil data of 81 sites obtained from a regional survey across grasslands in the Inner Mongolia and on the Tibetan Plateau during 2006–2007, attempting to find the patterns and controls of soil inorganic carbon (SIC) and soil organic carbon (SOC). The averages of inorganic and organic carbon in the topsoil (0–20 cm) across the study region were 0.38% and 3.63%, ranging between 0.00–2.92% and 0.32–26.17% respectively. Both SIC and SOC in the Tibetan grasslands (0.51% and 5.24% respectively) were higher than those in the Inner Mongolian grasslands (0.21% and 1.61%). Regression tree analyses showed that the spatial pattern of SIC and SOC were controlled by different factors. Chemical and physical processes of soil formation drive the spatial pattern of SIC, while biotic processes drive the spatial pattern of SOC. SIC was controlled by soil acidification and other processes depending on soil pH. Vegetation type is the most important variable driving the spatial pattern of SOC. According to our models, given the acidification rate in Chinese grassland soils in the future is the same as that in Chinese cropland soils during the past two decades: 0.27 and 0.48 units per 20 yr in the Inner Mongolian grasslands and the Tibetan grasslands respectively, it will lead to a 30% and 53% decrease in SIC in the Inner Mongolian grasslands and the Tibetan grasslands respectively. However, negative relationship between soil pH and SOC suggests that acidification will inhibit decomposition of SOC, thus will not lead to a significant general loss of carbon from soils in these regions.
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Shi, Y., F. Baumann, Y. Ma, C. Song, P. Kühn, T. Scholten, and J. S. He. "Organic and inorganic carbon in the topsoil of the Mongolian and Tibetan grasslands: pattern, control and implications." Biogeosciences Discussions 9, no. 2 (February 15, 2012): 1869–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-9-1869-2012.

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Abstract. Soil carbon (C) is the largest C pool in terrestrial biosphere and includes both inorganic and organic components. Studying patterns and controls of soil C help us to understand and estimate potential responses of soil C to global change in the future. Here we analyzed topsoil data of 81 sites obtained from a regional survey across grasslands in the Inner Mongolia and on the Tibetan Plateau during 2006–2007, attempting to find the patterns and controls of soil inorganic carbon (SIC) and soil organic carbon (SOC). The average of SIC and SOC in the topsoil (0–20 cm) across the study region were 0.38% and 3.63%, ranging between 0.00–2.92% and 0.32–26.17%, respectively. Both SIC and SOC in the topsoil of the Tibetan grasslands (0.51% and 5.24%, respectively) were higher than those of the Inner Mongolian grasslands (0.21% and 1.61%). Regression tree analyses showed that the spatial pattern of SIC and SOC were controlled by different factors. Chemical and physical processes of soil formation drive the spatial pattern of SIC, while biotic processes drive the spatial pattern of SOC. SIC was controlled by soil acidification and other processes depending on soil pH. Vegetation type is the most important variable driving the spatial pattern of SOC. According to our models, given the acidification rate in Chinese grassland soils in the future is the same as that in Chinese cropland soils during the past two decades: 0.27 and 0.48 units per 20 yr in the Inner Mongolian grasslands and the Tibetan grasslands, respectively, it will lead to 30% and 53% decrease in SIC in the Inner Mongolian grasslands and the Tibetan grasslands, respectively. However, negative relationship between soil pH and SOC suggests that acidification will inhibit decomposition of SOC, thus will not lead to a significant general loss of carbon from soils in these regions.
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Barančíková, G., J. Halás, M. Gutteková, J. Makovníková, M. Nováková, R. Skalský, and Z. Tarasovičová. "Application of RothC model to predict soil organic carbon stock on agricultural soils of Slovakia." Soil and Water Research 5, No. 1 (February 26, 2010): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/23/2009-swr.

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Soil organic matter (SOM) takes part in many environmental functions and, depending on the conditions, it can be a source or a sink of the greenhouse gases. Presently, the changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) stock can arise because of the climatic changes or changes in the land use and land management. A promising method in the estimation of SOC changes is modelling, one of the most used models for the prediction of changes in soil organic carbon stock on agricultural land being the RothC model. Because of its simplicity and availability of the input data, RothC was used for testing the efficiency to predict the development of SOC stock during 35-year period on agricultural land of Slovakia. The received data show an increase of SOC stock during the first (20 years) phase and no significant changes in the course of the second part of modelling. The increase of SOC stock in the first phase can be explained by a high carbon input of plant residues and manure and a lower temperature in comparison with the second modelling part.
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Barančíková, G., J. Makovníková, R. Skalský, Z. Tarasovičová, M. Nováková, J. Halás, M. Gutteková, and Š. Koco. "Simulation of soil organic carbon changes in Slovak arable land and their environmental aspects." Soil and Water Research 7, No. 2 (May 18, 2012): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/38/2011-swr.

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One of the key goals of the Thematic Strategy for Soil Protection is to maintain and improve soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks. A decline of SOC stocks is politically perceived as a serious threat to soil quality and functions. A suitable tool for acquiring the information on SOC stock changes is modelling. The RothC-26.3 model was applied for long-term modelling (1970&ndash;2007) of the SOC stock in the topsoil of croplands of Slovakia. Simulation results show a gradual increase in the SOC stock in the first phase of modelling (1970&ndash;1995) mainly due to higher carbon input in the soil. A significant linear correlation (r = 0.4**, n = 275) was found between carbon input and the final simulation of SOC stock. A close relationship between the SOC stock and soil production potential index representing the official basis for soil quality assessment in Slovakia was also determined and a polynomial relationship was found which describes the relation at the 95% confidence level. We have concluded from the results that balanced or positive changes in the SOC stock dynamics that are important for sustainable use of soils could be influenced positively or negatively in Slovakia by political decisions concerning the soil management. Moreover, the soil production potential index can be used as soil quality information support for such decision-making.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Soil organic carbon (SOC)"

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Nemoto, Rie. "Soil organic carbon (SOC) now and in the future. Effect of soil characteristics and agricultural management on SOC and model initialisation methods using recent SOC data." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00973853.

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Soil organic carbon (SOC) concentrations and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are not uniform across the landscape, but assemble in "hotspots" in specific areas. These differences are mainly driven by human-induced activities such as agricultural management. 40-50% of the Earth's land surface is under agricultural land-use, for instance cropland, managed grassland and permanent crops including agro-forestry and bio-energy crops. Furthermore, 62% of the global soil C stock is SOC and the soil stores more than 3 times more C than the atmosphere. Thus, C sequestration in agricultural soil has a potentially important role in increasing SOC storage and GHG mitigation, and there is considerable interest in understanding the effects of agricultural management on SOC and GHG fluxes in both grasslands and croplands, in order to better assess the uncertainty and vulnerability of terrestrial SOC reservoirs. For the sake of discovering the agricultural management practices relating to the effective and sustainable C sequestration in agricultural lands in Europe, simulating future terrestrial C stocks and GHG budgets under varied agricultural management systems in major European ecosystems is essential. Using models is a useful method with the purpose of this and abundant studies have carried out. However, many model results have not been validated with reliable observed long-term data, while other studies have reported a strong impact of model initialisation on model result. Nevertheless, predictions of annual to decadal variability in the European terrestrial C and GHG ressources largely rely on model results. Consequently, finding the most appropriate and comprehensive model initialisation method for obtaining reliable model simulations became important, especially for process-based ecosystem models. In recent years, Zimmermann et al. (2007) have succeed in initialising the Rothamsted Carbon model (RothC) using a physical and chemical soil fractionation method. For that reason, we hypothesised that measured detailed SOC data would be useful to initialise ecosystem models, and this hypothesis should be tested for different process-based models and agricultural land-use and management. (...)
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Beniston, Joshua W. "Soil Organic Carbon Dynamics and Tallgrass Prairie Land Management." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1253558307.

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Heckman, Katherine Ann. "Pedogenesis & Carbon Dynamics Across a Lithosequence Under Ponderosa Pine." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/196016.

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Three studies were completed to investigate the influence of mineral assemblage on soil organic carbon (SOC) cycling and pedogenesis in forest soils. Two studies utilized a lithosequence of four parent materials (rhyolite, granite, basalt, limestone/volcanic cinders) under Pinus ponderosa, to explicitly quantify the contribution of parent material mineral assemblage to the character of the resulting soil. The first study explored variation in pedogenesis and elemental mass loss as a product of parent material through a combination of quantitative X-ray diffraction and elemental mass balance. Results indicated significant differences in degree of soil development, profile characteristics, and mass flux according to parent material.The second study utilized the same lithosequence of soils, but focused on organic C cycling. This study explored variation in SOC content among soils of differing mineralogy and correlations among soil physiochemical variables, SOC content, soil microbial community composition and respiration rates. Metal-humus complex and Fe-oxyhydroxide content emerged as important predictors of SOC dynamics across all parent materials, showing significant correlation with both SOC content and bacterial community composition. Results indicated that within a specific ecosystem, SOC dynamics and microbial community vary predictably with soil physicochemical variables directly related to mineralogical differences among soil parent materials.The third study focused specifically on the influence of goethite and gibbsite on dissolved organic matter characteristics and microbial communities which utilize DOM as a growth substrate. Iron and aluminum oxides were selected for this study due to their wide spread occurrence in soils and their abundance of reactive surface area, qualities which enable them to have a significant effect on SOC transported through forest soils. Results indicated that exposure to goethite and gibbsite surfaces induces significant differences in DOM quality, including changes in thermal properties, molecular structure, and concentrations of P and N. Investigation of the decomposer communities indicated that exposure to goethite and gibbsite surfaces caused significant differences in microbial community structure.These investigations emphasize the important role of mineral assemblage in shaping soil characteristics and regulating the cycling of C in soils, from the molecular scale to the pedon scale.
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Powell, Katherine Moore. "Quantifying soil organic carbon (SOC) in wetlands impacted by groundwater withdrawals in west-central Florida." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002590.

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Jung, Ji Young. "Nitrogen Fertilization Impacts on Soil Organic Carbon and Structural Properties under Switchgrass." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1284983372.

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Smith, Katie Elizabeth. "The nature, distribution and significance of organic carbon within structurally intact soils contrasting in total SOC content." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/2915.

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Soil structure influences many chemical, biological and physical processes and it is well established that organic carbon acts as a soil binding agent. However, the precise location of organic matter and carbon in relation to structural features within intact samples is unknown. The sensitivity of organic carbon to decomposition is dependent not only upon its intrinsic chemical recalcitrance, but also its location within the soil structure. Soil structure provides organic carbon with chemical and physical protection, the extent of which varies between structural units. Furthermore soil structure is transient, and is sensitive to both environmental changes and physical disturbance, therefore it is difficult to determine and quantify the impact of this dynamic entity upon the storage of organic carbon. To date the majority of research that has advanced our understanding of the role soil structure plays in the storage of organic carbon, has relied upon some form of fractionation technique to separate aggregates from the bulk soil. However this approach has its disadvantages as much of the soil structure is destroyed; clearly when studying the impact of soil structure upon organic carbon-storage it is advantageous to implement any method that minimises disturbance to the soil structure. This study entails removing intact soil samples (through the use of kubiena tins) from long-term agricultural experimental fields at Rothamsted Research, (Hertfordshire, UK) with the aim of comparing and evaluating the location of organic matter and it’s associated organic carbon, in soils with contrasting organic carbon contents and a well documented land-use history. Thin sections will be analysed by integrating conventional micromorphology, image analysis and sub-microscopy combined with microscale chemical analysis scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). In doing so a new alternative method for analysing the distribution of organic matter and organic carbon is proposed. It was found that agricultural soils, which are the same in all aspects except total-OC content, differ in total organic matter, water release characteristics, aggregate stability and pore size distribution; therefore these differences could be attributed to the relationship between OC and soil structure. The water release curve, aggregate stability and pore size distribution also differed between soils with similar OC-contents but from different land-uses. The analysis of organic matter within intact soil samples provided evidence for the redistribution of organic matter as it is decomposed within the soil structure, for instance, less decomposed organ and tissue forms were located in or near to soil pores while more decomposed amorphous forms were located within the soil matrix. Since the same pattern of redistribution was observed in both agricultural and grassland soil this is likely to be directed by soil macro and micro fauna. It is concluded that since the location of different forms of organic matter is consistent across all soil, organic matter location is not responsible for creating differences in aggregate stability between treatments. Instead the results indicate that the amount and strength of organic carbon bonds and its hydrophobic properties are responsible. Micromorphology results demonstrated an absence of defined aggregation between treatments. Despite the difficulties in the interpretation of aggregation, the results contradict theories of aggregation, which state that aggregates are formed around “fresh” organic matter and it is argued that OM will undergo substantial decomposition before it acts as core for aggregation. Initial SEM-EDS analysis, has shown that in the soil matrix adjacent to organic matter (plant/organ) fragments there is a heightened concentration of C, indicating that these fragments are acting as a source of organic carbon. Interestingly BC, which represent one of the most recalcitrant C forms is also acting as a source of C, although these initial results suggest to a lesser extent than more labile C-sources. This source of organic carbon could stimulate microbial activity thereby enhancing soil structural stability. Alternatively, the release of liable carbon into soil pores may represent one route by which labile carbon enters sub-soil horizons.
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Jagadamma, Sindhu. "Stabilization mechanisms of organic carbon in two soils of the Midwestern United States." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1241450699.

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Amini, Sevda. "Carbon Dynamics in Salt-Affected Soils." Thesis, Griffith University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366584.

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Salt-affected soils are soils with high concentrations of dissolved mineral salts in their profiles to the extent that such dissolved salts adversely affect crop production. Globally 75 countries have been recognized as having vast areas of salt-affected lands. Australia, United States, Turkey, India, Iran, Iraq, Mexico, Syria, Pakistan, and China are countries with serious salinity problems. In a recent estimate, nearly 831 million hectares of land are salt-affect worldwide. Salt-affected soils mostly exist in arid and semiarid regions of the world and many salt-affected wastelands have been productive lands in the past. Worldwide about 95 million hectares of soils are under primary salinization (i.e salinity occurs naturally in soils and water) whereas 77 million hectares suffer from secondary salinization (as a result of human activities and ever rising groundwater table). Also, 23% of arable lands of the world are affected by salinity while further 10% are saline sodic soils. In Australia sodicity affects about 17 million hectares of land. The key objectives of this study were to 1) study the effects of chemical (Gypsum) and organic (plant material) amendments on carbon dynamic in soil aggregate. 2) evaluate the effects of an organic amendment (Alkaline biochar) on chemical, biological and C stocks of “saline soils” with different salinity levels. 3) study the effects of two types of biochar (Acidic and Alkaline) as an organic amendment on physical, chemical, biological and C stocks of a “saline-sodic” soil. 4) and finally, study the effect of vegetation cover on carbon dynamics in different depths of saline-sodic soils (phytoremediation).
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith School of Environment.
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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Saenger, Anaïs. "Caractérisation et stabilité de la matière organique du sol en contexte montagnard calcaire : proposition d'indicateurs pour le suivi de la qualité des sols à l'échelle du paysage." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENS010/document.

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Les sols de montagne représentent d'importants réservoirs de carbone (C) potentiellement vulnérables aux changements climatiques et changements d'usage qui les affectent de manière amplifiée. Or la grande variabilité de ces milieux, leur faible accessibilité ainsi que le manque d'outils de mesure appropriés limitent nos connaissances qui restent aujourd'hui très fragmentaires en ce qui concerne les stocks, la chimie et la réactivité du carbone organique des sols (COS). Ces informations sont pourtant nécessaires pour appréhender l'évolution de ces sols et de leur C dans ce contexte de changements globaux. Les objectifs de ce travail de thèse étaient (i) d'accéder à une meilleure compréhension de la nature, de la stabilité et de la vulnérabilité du COS dans une mosaïque d'écosystèmes des Préalpes calcaires (massif du Vercors), (ii) de rechercher des outils de caractérisation rapides et fiables adaptés à l'étude et au suivi du COS à l'échelle du paysage, et enfin (iii) de proposer des indices pour l'évaluation et le suivi de la qualité des sols en milieu de montagne. Dans un premier temps, nous avons testé l'application de la pyrolyse Rock-Eval pour l'étude du COS à grande échelle sur un ensemble d'unités écosystémiques. Nous avons ensuite comparé la pyrolyse Rock-Eval à deux techniques classiques d'étude de la matière organique du sol (MOS) : le fractionnement granulodensimétrique de la MOS et la spectroscopie moyen infrarouge. Ces approches analytiques couplées nous ont permis de quantifier les stocks de C à l'échelle de la zone d'étude et d'expliquer la stabilité et la vulnérabilité du COS sous des angles variés. Les facteurs responsables des patrons observés dans les différentes unités écosystémiques sont discutés. Ce travail a également confirmé la pertinence de l'outil Rock-Eval pour répondre aux objectifs fixés. Parallèlement, des approches biologiques nous ont permis d'évaluer l'importance de la composante microbienne dans ces sols. Enfin, des indices évaluant le statut organique des sols (stockage de COS, fertilité des sols, vulnérabilité du COS) sont proposés pour constituer des outils de gestion et d'aide à la décision
Mountain soils are major reservoirs of carbon (C), potentially vulnerable to climate and land use changes that affect them significantly. However, the great variability of these soils, their limited accessibility and the lack of appropriate measurement tools restrict our knowledge. Today, our comprehension of the biogeochemistry of mountain soils remains very incomplete regarding stocks, chemistry and reactivity of soil organic carbon (SOC). Yet this information is necessary to understand the evolution of soil carbon in the current context of global change. The objectives of this work were (i) to gain a better understanding of the nature, stability and vulnerability of SOC in a mosaic of ecosystems in a calcareous massif in the Alps (Vercors massif), (ii) to search for fast and reliable characterization tools, suitable for the study and monitoring of COS at the landscape scale, and (iii) to propose indicators for the assessment and monitoring of soil quality in mountain regions. As a first step, we tested the application of Rock-Eval pyrolysis for the study of COS at large-scale on a set of ecosystem units. Then, we compared the Rock-Eval approach to two conventional techniques for soil organic matter (SOM) study: the particle-size fractionation of SOM, and the mid-infrared spectroscopy. These coupled analytical approaches allowed us to quantify C stocks across the study area, and explain the stability and the vulnerability of COS at various angles. Factors responsible for the patterns observed in the different eco-units are discussed. This work also confirmed the relevance of the Rock-Eval tool to achieve our previous objectives. Biological approaches allowed us to assess the significance of microbial pool in these soils. Finally, indices assessing the status of SOM (SOC storage, soil fertility, vulnerability COS) were proposed and constituted interesting management tools for decision-makers
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Freiberger, Mariângela Brito [UNESP]. "Ciclagem de carbono em área sob semeadura direta e aplicação de lodo de esgoto." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/137756.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
O estudo teve por principal objetivo avaliar o estoque de carbono (C), as alterações na quantidade de C microbiano, a qualidade da matéria orgânica (MO) e a emissão de CO2 em decorrência de aplicações de lodos de esgoto em área sob semeadura direta. A área experimental, que apresenta Latossolo Vermelho de textura argilosa e está localizada em Botucatu, SP, tem sido conduzida com os mesmos tratamentos desde 2002. Os resultados constantes no presente estudo, entretanto, foram obtidos no período de outubro de 2012 a outubro de 2014. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso em esquema fatorial 2 x 4, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos correspondem à aplicação bienal de dois resíduos (lodo biodigerido – LB e lodo centrifugado – LC) em quatro doses: 0, 2, 4 e 8 Mg ha-1 (base seca) e o sistema de produção utilizado nesse período foi a sucessão soja / aveia-preta. Em cada um dos cultivos avaliou-se características nutricionais e de produtividade das culturas e a emissão de CO2 a partir do solo. Ao final do estudo foram coletadas amostras de solo para análise química básica, fracionamento da MO, C microbiano e estoque de C. A aplicação continuada de LC promoveu aumento do pH do solo e do teor de macronutrientes, principalmente Ca, bem como maior produção de matéria seca e acúmulo de nutrientes na parte aérea da aveia-preta. O LC também promoveu maior acúmulo de C nas plantas e maior atividade dos microrganismos do solo, o que acarretou em maior teor de C da biomassa microbiana (até 390 mg kg-1 na camada superficial), maior decomposição de MO leve e, consequente maior fluxo de CO2 para atmosfera (de 4,8 a 6,2 µmol m-2 s-1). Aplicações de longa data de lodo de esgoto (LB ou LC) resultam no aumento do teor de micronutrientes no solo, a ponto de Cu, Fe, Mn e Zn se apresentarem em níveis que podem ser prejudiciais às plantas. A produtividade da soja foi maior (até 3.232 kg ha-1) quando do uso de doses de lodos equivalentes a 4,5 a 5,3 Mg ha-1. A aplicação de lodos de esgoto resulta em aumento dos teores de C orgânico total (até 19,8 g kg-1), C da fração particulada (até 0,88 g kg-1) e C associado a minerais (até 19,0 g kg-1) somente na camada superficial do solo. Dentre as substâncias húmicas, a fração humina foi a que mais contribuiu com o estoque de C no solo (até 13,8 g kg-1). Após seis aplicações de lodo de esgoto, independentemente da dose e tipo de lodo, o estoque de C no solo aumentou apenas na camada superficial, e correspondeu a 106,2 Mg ha-1.
The study had as main objective to evaluate carbon (C) stock, changes in the amount of microbial C, quality of the soil organic matter (SOM) and CO2 emission as affected by sewage sludge applications in area under no-till. The experimental area, which shows a clayey Rhodic Ferralsol and is located in Botucatu, SP, has been conducted with the same treatments since 2002. The results of the present study, however, were obtained in the period from October 2012 to October 2014. A complete randomized blocks design arranged in a 2x4 factorial scheme and with four replicates was used. The treatments are represented by biennial application of two sewage sludge types (biodigested sludge - BS and centrifuged sludge - CS) in four rates: 0, 2, 4 and 8 Mg ha-1 (dry basis). The cropping system used in the study was a soybean/black oat succession. Yield and nutritional aspects of crops and CO2 emissions from soil were evaluated in each one of the cultivations. At the end of the study, soil samples were collected for analysis of soil fertility, OM fractionation, microbial C and C stock. The continued application of CS increased the pH and macronutrient levels in the soil, mainly Ca, as well as increased dry matter production and nutrient accumulation in aerial part of black oat. CS application also promoted greater accumulation of C in plants and greater activity of soil microorganisms, which led to a greater level of microbial biomass C (up to 390 mg kg-1 in the superficial layer), greater decomposition of light OM and consequently greater CO2 fluxes to the atmosphere (from 4.8 to 6.2 µmol m-2 s-1). Long time applications of sewage sludge (either BS or CS) resulted in increase of micronutrients levels in the soil, up to the point of Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn reach levels that may be harmful to plants. The soybean yield was higher (up to 3,232 kg ha-1) when sludge rates equivalent to 4.5 to 5.3 Mg ha-1 were used. The long-term application of sewage sludge increases the levels of total organic C (up 19.8 g kg-1), particulate fraction of C (up to 0.88 g kg-1) and C associated with minerals (up 19.0 g kg-1) only in the superficial layers of soil. Among the humic substances, the fraction that most contributed to the soil organic C (up 13.8 g kg-1) was humin. After six sewage sludge applications, regardless of the rate and type of sludge, the soil C stock increased only in the surface layer, and in total corresponded to 106.2 Mg ha-1.
FAPESP: 2011/21276-9
CNPq: 152725/2012-1
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Books on the topic "Soil organic carbon (SOC)"

1

Smith, W. Soil degradation risk indicator: Organic carbon component. Ottawa: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 1997.

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Lal, Rattan. Soil Organic Carbon and Feeding the Future. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003243090.

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Meena, Ram Swaroop, Cherukumalli Srinivasa Rao, and Arvind Kumar, eds. Plans and Policies for Soil Organic Carbon Management in Agriculture. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6179-3.

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Lorenz, Klaus, and Rattan Lal. Soil Organic Carbon Sequestration in Terrestrial Biomes of the United States. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95193-1.

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Leventhal, Joel S. Soil organic carbon content in rice soils of Arkansas and Louisiana and a comparison to non-agricultural soils, including a bibliography for agricultural soil carbon. [Denver, CO]: U.S. Geological Survey, 1997.

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Leventhal, Joel S. Soil organic carbon content in rice soils of Arkansas and Louisiana and a comparison to non-agricultural soils, including a bibliography for agricultural soil carbon. [Denver, CO]: U.S. Geological Survey, 1997.

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Nong tian tu rang you ji tan bian hua yan jiu: Nongtian turang youjitan bianhua yanjiu. Wuhu Shi: Anhui shi fan da xue chu ban she, 2011.

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service), SpringerLink (Online, ed. Carbon Sequestration in Agricultural Soils: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Innovative Methods. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012.

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R, Carter Martin, and Stewart B. A. 1932-, eds. Structure and organic matter storage in agricultural soils. Boca Raton, FL: Lewis Publishers, 1996.

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Ryan, Miriam G. The influence of draught and rewetting on the dynamics of nitrogen, potassium and disolved organic carbon in a coniferous forest ecosystem. Dublin: University College Dublin, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "Soil organic carbon (SOC)"

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Jjagwe, Aisha, Vincent Kakembo, and Barasa Bernard. "Land Use Cover Types and Forest Management Options for Carbon in Mabira Central Forest Reserve." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 2733–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_145.

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AbstractMabira Central Forest Reserve (CFR), one of the biggest forest reserves in Uganda, has increasingly undergone encroachments and deforestation. This chapter presents the implications of a range of forest management options for carbon stocks in the Mabira CFR. The effects of forest management options were reviewed by comparing above-ground biomass (AGB), carbon, and soil organic carbon (SOC) in three management zones. The chapter attempts to provide estimates of AGB and carbon stocks (t/ha) of forest (trees) and SOC using sampling techniques and allometric equations. AGB and carbon were obtained from a count of 143 trees, measuring parameters of diameter at breast height (DBH), crown diameter (CW), and height (H) with tree coordinates. It also makes use of the Velle (Estimation of standing stock of woody biomass in areas where little or no baseline data are available. A study based on field measurements in Uganda. Norges Landbrukshoegskole, Ås, 1995) allometric equations developed for Uganda to estimate AGB.The strict nature reserve management zone was noted to sink the highest volume of carbon of approximately 6,771,092.34 tonnes, as compared to the recreation zone (2,196,467.59 tonnes) and production zone (458,903.57 tonnes). A statistically significant relationship was identified between AGB and carbon. SOC varied with soil depth, with the soil surface of 0–10 cm depth registering the highest mean of 2.78% across all the management zones. Soil depth and land use/cover types also had a statistically significant effect on the percentage of SOC (P = 0.05). A statistically significant difference at the 95% significance level was also identified between the mean carbon stocks from one level of management zones to another. Recommendations include: demarcating forest boundaries to minimize encroachment, enforcement of forestry policy for sustainable development, promote reforestation, and increase human resources for efficient monitoring of the forest compartments.
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González-Sánchez, Emilio J., Manuel Moreno-Garcia, Amir Kassam, Saidi Mkomwa, Julio Roman-Vazquez, Oscar Veroz-Gonzalez, Rafaela Ordoñez-Fernandez, et al. "Climate smart agriculture for Africa: the potential role of conservation agriculture in climate smart agriculture." In Conservation agriculture in Africa: climate smart agricultural development, 66–84. Wallingford: CABI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245745.0003.

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Abstract To achieve the challenges raised in Agenda 2063 and the Malabo Declaration, new agricultural techniques need to be promoted. Practical approaches to implement climate smart agriculture and sustainable agriculture, able to deliver at field level, are required. These include sustainable soil and land management that allows different user groups to manage their resources, including water, crops, livestock and associated biodiversity, in ways that are best suited to the prevailing biophysical, socio-economic and climatic conditions. The adoption of locally adapted sustainable soil management practices is needed to support climate change mitigation and adaptation from the agricultural perspective. In this sense, Conservation Agriculture (CA) can be adapted to local conditions, and help achieve the key objectives. The application of CA principles brings multiple benefits, especially in terms of soil conservation, but also for mitigating climate change. In fact, CA has the ability to transform agricultural soils from being carbon emitters into carbon sinks, because of no-tillage (NT) techniques and the return to the soil of diverse crop biomass from above-ground parts of plants and from diverse roots systems and root exudates. Similarly, fossil energy use decreases due to the reduction in agricultural operations, and so less CO2 is emitted to the atmosphere. Lower greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in CA also result, because of reduced and more efficient use of inputs. Scientific studies confirm the sequestration potential of increased soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks on croplands in Africa on each of the continent's major bioclimatic areas. Coefficients of SOC sequestration for Africa are presented in this chapter.
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Muzangwa, Lindah, Isaac Gura, Sixolise Mcinga, Pearson Nyari Mnkeni, and Cornelius Chiduza. "Impact of conservation agriculture on soil health: lessons from the university of fort hare trial." In Conservation agriculture in Africa: climate smart agricultural development, 293–304. Wallingford: CABI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245745.0018.

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Abstract Conservation Agriculture (CA) promotes soil health, but issues to do with soil health are poorly researched in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. This study reports on findings from a field trial done on the effects of tillage, crop rotations composed of maize (Zea mays L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.) and residue management on a number of soil health parameters such as carbon (C)-sequestration, CO2 fluxes, enzyme activities, earthworm biomass and the Soil Management Assessment Framework soil quality index (SMAF-SQI). The field trial was done in a semi-arid region of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa, over five cropping seasons (2012-2015). It was laid out as a split-split plot with tillage [conventional tillage (CT) and no-till (NT)] as main plot treatment. Sub-treatments were crop rotations: maize-fallow-maize (MFM), maize-fallow-soybean (MFS); maize-wheat-maize (MWM) and maize-wheat-soybean (MWS). Residue management: removal (R-) and retention (R+) were in the sub-sub-plots. Particulate organic matter (POM), soil organic carbon (SOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and enzyme activities were significantly (p < 0.05) improved by residue retention and legume rotation compared to residue removal and cereal-only rotations. Also, carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes under CT were higher compared to NT. The calculated soil quality index (SQI) was greatly improved by NT and residue retention. MWM and MWS rotations, in conjunction with residue retention under NT, offered the greatest potential for building soil health. Residue retention and inclusion of soybean in crop rotations are recommended for improving soil health under CA systems in the semi-arid regions of South Africa.
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Zaman, M., K. Kleineidam, L. Bakken, J. Berendt, C. Bracken, K. Butterbach-Bahl, Z. Cai, et al. "Climate-Smart Agriculture Practices for Mitigating Greenhouse Gas Emissions." In Measuring Emission of Agricultural Greenhouse Gases and Developing Mitigation Options using Nuclear and Related Techniques, 303–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55396-8_8.

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AbstractAgricultural lands make up approximately 37% of the global land surface, and agriculture is a significant source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, including carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). Those GHGs are responsible for the majority of the anthropogenic global warming effect. Agricultural GHG emissions are associated with agricultural soil management (e.g. tillage), use of both synthetic and organic fertilisers, livestock management, burning of fossil fuel for agricultural operations, and burning of agricultural residues and land use change. When natural ecosystems such as grasslands are converted to agricultural production, 20–40% of the soil organic carbon (SOC) is lost over time, following cultivation. We thus need to develop management practices that can maintain or even increase SOCstorage in and reduce GHG emissions from agricultural ecosystems. We need to design systematic approaches and agricultural strategies that can ensure sustainable food production under predicted climate change scenarios, approaches that are being called climate‐smart agriculture (CSA). Climate‐smart agricultural management practices, including conservation tillage, use of cover crops and biochar application to agricultural fields, and strategic application of synthetic and organic fertilisers have been considered a way to reduce GHG emission from agriculture. Agricultural management practices can be improved to decreasing disturbance to the soil by decreasing the frequency and extent of cultivation as a way to minimise soil C loss and/or to increase soil C storage. Fertiliser nitrogen (N) use efficiency can be improved to reduce fertilizer N application and N loss. Management measures can also be taken to minimise agricultural biomass burning. This chapter reviews the current literature on CSA practices that are available to reduce GHG emissions and increase soil Csequestration and develops a guideline on best management practices to reduce GHG emissions, increase C sequestration, and enhance crop productivity in agricultural production systems.
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Nandwa, Stephen M. "Soil organic carbon (SOC) management for sustainable productivity of cropping and agro-forestry systems in Eastern and Southern Africa." In Managing Organic Matter in Tropical Soils: Scope and Limitations, 143–58. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2172-1_14.

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McBratney, Alex B., Uta Stockmann, Denis A. Angers, Budiman Minasny, and Damien J. Field. "Challenges for Soil Organic Carbon Research." In Soil Carbon, 3–16. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04084-4_1.

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de Brogniez, Delphine, Cristiano Ballabio, Bas van Wesemael, Robert J. A. Jones, Antoine Stevens, and Luca Montanarella. "Topsoil Organic Carbon Map of Europe." In Soil Carbon, 393–405. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04084-4_39.

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Sanford, Gregg R. "Perennial Grasslands Are Essential for Long Term SOC Storage in the Mollisols of the North Central USA." In Soil Carbon, 281–88. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04084-4_29.

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Poch, Rosa M., and Iñigo Virto. "Micromorphology Techniques for Soil Organic Carbon Studies." In Soil Carbon, 17–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04084-4_2.

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Jakab, Gergely, Klaudia Kiss, Zoltán Szalai, Nóra Zboray, Tibor Németh, and Balázs Madarász. "Soil Organic Carbon Redistribution by Erosion on Arable Fields." In Soil Carbon, 289–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04084-4_30.

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Conference papers on the topic "Soil organic carbon (SOC)"

1

Denis, Antoine, Bernard Tychon, Antoine Stevens, and Bas van Wesemael. "Improving Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) prediction by field spectrometry in bare cropland by reducing the disturbing effect of soil roughness." In 2009 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2009.5417660.

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Meador, T., J. Niedzwiecka, S. Jabinski, T. Picek, R. Angel, and H. Šantrůčková. "Modes of Soil Organic Carbon Sequestration and Carbon Use Efficiency Determined by Soil Aeration Status." In 30th International Meeting on Organic Geochemistry (IMOG 2021). European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.202134129.

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Otero-Fariña, Alba, Helena Brown, Ke-Qing Xiao, Pippa Chapman, Joseph Holden, Steven Banwart, and Caroline Peacock. "The role of soil organic carbon chemistry in soil aggregate formation and carbon preservation." In Goldschmidt2022. France: European Association of Geochemistry, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2022.9955.

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Raines, Eron, Kevin Norton, Anthony Dosseto, Quan Hua, Claire Lukens, Julie Deslippe, and Maia Bellingham. "Chemical Weathering and Organic Carbon Turnover in Soil." In Goldschmidt2020. Geochemical Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2020.2159.

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Matarrese, Raffaella, Valeria Ancona, Rosamaria Salvatori, Maria Rita Muolo, Vito Felice Uricchio, and Michele Vurro. "Detecting soil organic carbon by CASI hyperspectral images." In IGARSS 2014 - 2014 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2014.6947181.

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Hu, Yunfeng, Jiyuan Liu, Dafang Zhuang, Shaoqiang Wang, Fengting Yang, and Siqing Chen. "Soil erosion effects on soil organic carbon and an assessment within China." In Optical Science and Technology, the SPIE 49th Annual Meeting, edited by Wei Gao and David R. Shaw. SPIE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.558631.

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Wackett, Adrian, Kyungsoo Yoo, Erin Cameron, Nicolas Jelinski, Nathaniel Looker, Carolina Olid, Hanna Jonsson, Saúl Rodríguez-Martínez, Lee Frelich, and Jonatan Klaminder. "Soil fauna and the fate of soil organic carbon in northern forests." In Goldschmidt2022. France: European Association of Geochemistry, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2022.12592.

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Zhichen, Yang, Li Hong, and Bai Jinshun. "Effects on Soil Organic Carbon and Microbial Biomass Carbon of Different Tillage." In 2015 AASRI International Conference on Circuits and Systems (CAS 2015). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/cas-15.2015.6.

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"Analysis of the spatiotemporal distribution of soil organic carbon." In 21st International Congress on Modelling and Simulation (MODSIM2015). Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.36334/modsim.2015.f6.kunkel.

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Bobric, Iuliana Gabriela. "SOIL ORGANIC MATTER ASSESSMENT FROM NEAMTU CATCHMENT SOILS THROUGH VARIOUS ORGANIC CARBON METHODS." In 17th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2017. Stef92 Technology, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2017/32/s13.066.

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Reports on the topic "Soil organic carbon (SOC)"

1

Bar-Tal, Asher, Paul R. Bloom, Pinchas Fine, C. Edward Clapp, Aviva Hadas, Rodney T. Venterea, Dan Zohar, Dong Chen, and Jean-Alex Molina. Effects of soil properties and organic residues management on C sequestration and N losses. United States Department of Agriculture, August 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7587729.bard.

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Objectives - The overall objective of this proposal was to explore the effects of soil properties and management practices on C sequestration in soils and off-site losses of N.The specific objectives were: 1. to investigate and to quantify the effects of soil properties on C transformations that follow OW decomposition, C losses by gaseous emission, and its sequestration by organic and mineral components of the soil; 2. to investigate and to quantify the effects of soil properties on organic N mineralization and transformations in soil, its losses by leaching and gaseous emission; 3. to investigate and to quantify the effects of management practices and plants root activity and decomposition on C and N transformations; and 4. to upgrade the models NCSOIL and NCSWAP to include inorganic C and root exudation dynamics. The last objective has not been fulfilled due to difficulties in experimentally quantification of the effects of soil inorganic component on root exudation dynamics. Objective 4 was modified to explore the ability of NCSOIL to simulate organic matter decomposition and N transformations in non- and calcareous soils. Background - Rates of decomposition of organic plant residues or organic manures in soil determine the amount of carbon (C), which is mineralized and released as CO₂ versus the amount of C that is retained in soil organic matter (SOM). Decomposition rates also greatly influence the amount of nitrogen (N) which becomes available for plant uptake, is leached from the soil or lost as gaseous emission, versus that which is retained in SOM. Microbial decomposition of residues in soil is strongly influenced by soil management as well as soil chemical and physical properties and also by plant roots via the processes of mineral N uptake, respiration, exudation and decay.
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Litaor, Iggy, James Ippolito, Iris Zohar, and Michael Massey. Phosphorus capture recycling and utilization for sustainable agriculture using Al/organic composite water treatment residuals. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7600037.bard.

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Objectives: 1) develop a thorough understanding of the sorption mechanisms of Pi and Po onto the Al/O- WTR; 2) determine the breakthrough range of the composite Al/O-WTR during P capturing from agro- wastewaters; and 3) critically evaluate the performance of the composite Al/O-WTR as a fertilizer using selected plants grown in lysimeters and test-field studies. Instead of lysimeters we used pots (Israel) and one- liter cone-tainers (USA). We conducted one field study but in spite of major pretreatments the soils still exhibited high enough P from previous experiments so no differences between control and P additions were noticeable. Due to time constrains the field study was discontinued. Background: Phosphorous, a non-renewable resource, has been applied extensively in fields to increase crop yield, yet consequently has increased the potential of waterway eutrophication. Our proposal impetus is the need to develop an innovative method of P capturing, recycling and reuse that will sustain agricultural productivity while concurrently reducing the level of P discharge from and to agricultural settings. Major Conclusions & Achievements: An innovative approach was developed for P removal from soil leachate, dairy wastewater (Israel), and swine effluents (USA) using Al-based water treatment residuals (Al- WTR) to create an organic-Al-WTR composite (Al/O-WTR), potentially capable of serving as a P fertilizer source. The Al-WTR removed 95% inorganic-P, 80% to 99.9% organic P, and over 60% dissolved organic carbon from the agro-industrial waste streams. Organic C accumulation on particles surfaces possibly enhanced weak P bonding and facilitated P desorption. Analysis by scanning electron microscope (SEM- EDS), indicated that P was sparsely sorbed on both calcic and Al (hydr)oxide surfaces. Sorption of P onto WW-Al/O-WTR was reversible due to weak Ca-P and Al-P bonds induced by the slight alkaline nature and in the presence of organic moieties. Synchrotron-based microfocused X-ray fluorescence (micro-XRF) spectrometry, bulk P K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy (XANES), and P K-edge micro-XANES spectroscopy indicated that adsorption was the primary P retention mechanism in the Al- WTR materials. However, distinct apatite- or octocalciumphosphatelike P grains were also observed. Synchrotron micro-XRF mapping further suggested that exposure of the aggregate exteriors to wastewater caused P to diffuse into the porous Al-WTR aggregates. Organic P species were not explicitly identified via P K-edge XANES despite high organic matter content, suggesting that organic P may have been predominantly associated with mineral surfaces. In screen houses experiments (Israel) we showed that the highest additions of Al/O-WTR (5 and 7 g kg⁻¹) produced the highest lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. longifolial) yield. Lettuce yield and P concentration were similar across treatments, indicating that Al/O- WTR can provide sufficient P to perform similarly to common fertilizers. A greenhouse study (USA) was utilized to compare increasing rates of swine wastewater derived Al/O-WTR and inorganic P fertilizer (both applied at 33.6, 67.3, and 134.5 kg P₂O₅ ha⁻¹) to supply plant-available P to spring wheat (TriticumaestivumL.) in either sandy loam or sandy clay loam soil. Spring wheat straw and grain P uptake were comparable across all treatments in the sandy loam, while Al/O-WTR application to the sandy clay loam reduced straw and grain P uptake. The Al/O-WTR did not affect soil organic P concentrations, but did increase phosphatase activity in both soils; this suggests that Al/O-WTR application stimulated microorganisms and enhance the extent to which microbial communities can mineralize Al/O-WTR-bound organic P. Implications: Overall, results suggest that creating a new P fertilizer from Al-WTR and agro-industrial waste sources may be a feasible alternative to mining inorganic P fertilizer sources, while protecting the environment from unnecessary waste disposal.
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3

Banin, Amos, Joseph Stucki, and Joel Kostka. Redox Processes in Soils Irrigated with Reclaimed Sewage Effluents: Field Cycles and Basic Mechanism. United States Department of Agriculture, July 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7695870.bard.

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The overall objectives of the project were: (a) To measure and study in situ the effect of irrigation with reclaimed sewage effluents on redox processes and related chemical dynamics in soil profiles of agricultural fields. (b) To study under controlled conditions the kinetics and equilibrium states of selected processes that affect redox conditions in field soils or that are effected by them. Specifically, these include the effects on heavy metals sorption and desorption, and the effect on pesticide degradation. On the basis of the initial results from the field study, increased effort was devoted to clarifying and quantifying the effects of plants and water regime on the soil's redox potential while the study of heavy metals sorption was limited. The use of reclaimed sewage effluents as agricultural irrigation water is increasing at a significant rate. The relatively high levels of suspended and, especially, dissolved organic matter and nitrogen in effluents may affect the redox regime in field soils irrigated with them. In turn, the changes in redox regime may affect, among other parameters, the organic matter and nitrogen dynamics of the root zone and trace organic decomposition processes. Detailed data of the redox potential regime in field plots is lacking, and the detailed mechanisms of its control are obscure and not quantified. The study established the feasibility of long-term, non-disturbing monitoring of redox potential regime in field soils. This may enable to manage soil redox under conditions of continued inputs of wastewater. The importance of controlling the degree of wastewater treatment, particularly of adding ultrafiltration steps and/or tertiary treatment, may be assessed based on these and similar results. Low redox potential was measured in a field site (Site A, KibutzGivat Brenner), that has been irrigated with effluents for 30 years and was used for 15 years for continuous commercial sod production. A permanently reduced horizon (Time weighted averaged pe= 0.33±3.0) was found in this site at the 15 cm depth throughout the measurement period of 10 months. A drastic cultivation intervention, involving prolonged drying and deep plowing operations may be required to reclaim such soils. Site B, characterized by a loamy texture, irrigated with tap water for about 20 years was oxidized (Time weighted average pe=8.1±1.0) throughout the measurement period. Iron in the solid phases of the Givat Brenner soils is chemically-reduced by irrigation. Reduced Fe in these soils causes a change in reactivity toward the pesticide oxamyl, which has been determined to be both cytotoxic and genotoxic to mammalian cells. Reaction of oxamyl with reduced-Fe clay minerals dramatically decreases its cytotoxicity and genotoxicity to mammalian cells. Some other pesticides are affected in the same manner, whereas others are affected in the opposite direction (become more cyto- and genotoxic). Iron-reducing bacteria (FeRB) are abundant in the Givat Brenner soils. FeRB are capable of coupling the oxidation of small molecular weight carbon compounds (fermentation products) to the respiration of iron under anoxic conditions, such as those that occur under flooded soil conditions. FeRB from these soils utilize a variety of Fe forms, including Fe-containing clay minerals, as the sole electron acceptor. Daily cycles of the soil redox potential were discovered and documented in controlled-conditions lysimeter experiments. In the oxic range (pe=12-8) soil redox potential cycling is attributed to the effect of the daily temperature cycle on the equilibrium constant of the oxygenation reaction of H⁺ to form H₂O, and is observed under both effluent and freshwater irrigation. The presence of plants affects considerably the redox potential regime of soils. Redox potential cycling coupled to the irrigation cycles is observed when the soil becomes anoxic and the redox potential is controlled by the Fe(III)/Fe(II) redox couple. This is particularly seen when plants are grown. Re-oxidation of the soil after soil drying at the end of an irrigation cycle is affected to some degree by the water quality. Surprisingly, the results suggest that under certain conditions recovery is less pronounced in the freshwater irrigated soils.
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4

Zinke, P. J., A. G. Stangenberger, W. M. Post, W. R. Emanual, and J. S. Olson. Worldwide organic soil carbon and nitrogen data. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/543663.

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5

Chefetz, Benny, and Baoshan Xing. Sorption of hydrophobic pesticides to aliphatic components of soil organic matter. United States Department of Agriculture, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7587241.bard.

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Sorption of hydrophobic compounds to aliphatic components of soil organic matter (SOM) is poorly understood even though these aliphatic carbons are a major fraction of SOM. The main source of aliphatic compounds in SOM is above- and below-ground plant cuticular materials (cutin, cutan and suberin). As decomposition proceeds, these aliphatic moieties tend to accumulate in soils. Therefore, if we consider that cuticular material contributes significantly to SOM, we can hypothesize that the cuticular materials play an important role in the sorption processes of hydrophobic compounds (including pesticides) in soils, which has not yet been studied. The overall goal of this research was to illustrate the mechanism and significance of the refractory aliphatic structures of SOM in sorbing hydrophobic compounds (nonionic and weakly polar pesticides). The importance of this study is related to our ability to demonstrate the sorption relationship between key pesticides and an important fraction of SOM. The specific objectives of the project were: (1) To isolate and characterize cuticular fractions from selected plants; (2) To investigate the sorption mechanism of key hydrophobic pesticides and model compounds to cuticular plant materials; (3) To examine the sorption mechanisms at the molecular level using spectroscopic techniques; (4) To investigate the sorption of key hydrophobic pesticides to synthetic polymers; (5) To evaluate the content of cuticular materials in agricultural soils; and (6) To study the effect of incubation of plant cuticular materials in soils on their sorptive capabilities. This project demonstrates the markedly high sorption capacity of various plant cuticular fractions for hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) and polar organic pollutants. Both cutin (the main polymer of the cuticle) and cutan biopolymers exhibit high sorption capability even though both sorbents are highly aliphatic in nature. Sorption by plant cuticular matter occurs via hydrophobic interactions and H-bonding interactions with polar sorbates. The cutin biopolymer seems to facilitate reversible and noncompetitive sorption, probably due to its rubbery nature. On the other hand, the epicuticular waxes facilitate enhance desorption in a bi-solute system. These processes are possibly related to phase transition (melting) of the waxes that occur in the presence of high solute loading. Moreover, our data highlight the significance of polarity and accessibility of organic matter in the uptake of nonpolar and polar organic pollutants by regulating the compatibility of sorbate to sorbent. In summary, our data collected in the BARD project suggest that both cutin and cutan play important roles in the sorption of HOCs in soils; however, with decomposition the more condensed structure of the cutin and mainly the cutan biopolymer dominated sorption to the cuticle residues. Since cutin and cutan have been identified as part of SOM and humic substances, it is suggested that retention of HOCs in soils is also controlled by these aliphatic domains and not only by the aromaticrich fractions of SOM.
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6

Gebhart, Dick L., H. A. Torbert, and Michael Hargrave. Identifying Military Impacts on Archaeological Deposits Based on Differences in Soil Organic Carbon and Chemical Elements at Soil Horizon Interfaces. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada559158.

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7

Firestone, Mary. Mapping soil carbon from cradle to grave: drafting a molecular blueprint for C transformation from roots to stabilized soil organic C. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1437612.

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8

Bradford, M. A., J. M. Melillo, J. F. Reynolds, K. K. Treseder, and M. D. Wallenstein. Heterotrophic Soil Respiration in Warming Experiments: Using Microbial Indicators to Partition Contributions from Labile and Recalcitrant Soil Organic Carbon. Final Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/981713.

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9

Kostka, Joel. The response of soil carbon storage and microbially mediated carbon turnover to simulated climatic disturbance in a northern peatland forest. Revisiting the concept of soil organic matter recalcitrance. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1330571.

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10

Wallenstein, Matthew. Understanding Litter Input Controls on Soil Organic Matter Turnover and Formation are Essential for Improving Carbon-Climate Feedback Predictions for Arctic, Tundra Ecosystems. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1411190.

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