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Journal articles on the topic 'Soil physical attributes'
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1
Silva, Venâncio Rodrigues e., José Luiz Rodrigues Torres, Danyllo Denner de Almeida Costa, Bruna de Souza Silveira, Dinamar Márcia da Silva Vieira, and Ernane Miranda Lemes. "Soil Physical Attributes in Long-Term Soil Management Systems (Tillage and No-till)." Journal of Agricultural Science 12, no. 4 (2020): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v12n4p194.
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The period of implantation of the no-tillage system (NTS) is a fundamental factor to the dimension of the changes that occur to the soil's physical, chemical and biological attributes. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the soil changes to the physical attributes and correlate the results to the soil organic matter in areas of different long-term soil management. The study was set as a completely randomised design, in a 4 × 4 factorial scheme, with four management systems [5 years NTS (NTS5); 17 years NTS (NTS17); conventional tillage system for 20 years (CTS20); native area (NA)], and four soil depths (0-0.05, 0.05-0.1, 0.1-0.2, 0.2-0.4 m), with five repetitions. Soil mechanical resistance to root penetration (RP), bulk density (SD), volumetric moisture (VM), macro (Ma), microporosity (Mi) and total porosity (TP), and the aggregation parameters were evaluated. The CTS20, NTS5 and NTS17 presented superior SD in the most superficial soil layers, which was not yet causing resistance to root development. The SD was the only physical attribute that correlated significantly with all the other soil attributes evaluated, indicating the importance of such attribute to evaluate soil quality to crops. The soil physical attributes found in the Cerrado native area followed the sequence of similarities: no-tillage system with 17 years (most similar), with five years and the conventional tillage system (less similar). The changes caused by the anthropic activity in the soil's physical attributes are more pronounced and perceptible in soil depths up to 0.2 m.
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Silva, Antonio Carlos da, Jeane Cruz Portela, Rafael Oliveira Batista, et al. "Soil Water Retention in the Semiarid Region of Brazil." Journal of Agricultural Science 10, no. 9 (2018): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v10n9p105.
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From the physics point of view, soil structure is a dynamic attribute that is affected by genetic conditions and anthropogenic changes and requires an integrated approach. Soil water retention curve is one of the main tools used in soil structure evaluations. The objective of this work was to evaluate the structural and chemical attributes of soils of different classes and agroecosystems in the Terra de Esperança Settlement (Governador Dix Sept Rosado, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil) to distinguish these environments. Disturbed and undisturbed soil samples were collected in horizons of 10 soil profiles of the soil classes: Cambissolo Háplico (Haplustepts), Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo (Eutrustox), Chernossolo Rêndzico (Calciustolls), and Neossolo Flúvico (Usticfluvents). The soil physical attributes evaluated were granulometry, soil density, total porosity, aeration porosity, macroporosity, microporosity, field capacity, permanent wilting point, available water, and water retention curve. The results were expressed in averages of four replicates per horizon (in laboratory) by multivariate analysis, which detected the most sensitive attributes for the distinction of the environments. The soil physical attributes of the different classes and its inorganic fractions, especially silt and clay, were determinant to distinguish the environments; they affected the microporosity; aeration porosity; and available water. The source material of the Chernossolo Rêndzico, which is rich in calcium and magnesium, affected its physical attributes, characterized by the predominance of the silt fraction. Clay was the determinant fraction of the Cambissolo Háplico, and Neossolo Flúvico; and the sand fraction on the surface layer, and clay fraction in the Bw horizon were determinant of the Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo. The more expressive physical attributes were soil density, sand content, macroporosity (Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo), microporosity, field capacity, available water, permanent wilting point, total organic carbon, mass-based moisture, volume-based moisture, clay, aeration porosity (Cambissolo Háplico, and Neossolo Flúvico), and silt (Chernossolo Rêndzico).
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Torres, José Luiz Rodrigues, Ana Carolina Marques Mendonça Silva, Haroldo Silva Vallone, Dinamar Márcia da Silva Vieira, Zigomar Menezes de Souza, and Ernane Miranda Lemes. "Sugarcane filter cake application to coffee crop and soil physical attributes." Revista em Agronegócio e Meio Ambiente 14, no. 2 (2021): e7997. http://dx.doi.org/10.17765/2176-9168.2021v14n2e7997.
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Filter cakes are solid organic byproducts of the sugarcane industry that are generally used as fertilizers for crops such as coffee. Filter cake application has improved soil chemical, physical and microbiological attributes, especially for weathered soils. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of filter cake applications on the soil attributes cultivated with coffee in a Cerrado region. The study was conducted in a commercial coffee crop area (coffee cultivar Topázio MG 1190) in a Dystrophic Oxisol. The experimental design used was randomized blocks, in a factorial scheme of 4 x 4, with four doses of filter cake applied in the planting furrow (0, 4, 8, 12 L m-1) and four soil depths (0-0.1, 0.1-0.2, 0.2-0.3, 0.3-0.4 m). Soil density, soil mechanical resistance to root penetration, moisture, porosity (micro, macro, and total) and aggregate stability were evaluated. In general, the application of sugarcane filter cake over a long period has little effect on the soil's physical attributes, regardless of the filter cake rate used in the coffee crop. Only the soil porosity is affected by 12 L m-1 of filter cake, increasing the micro and macroporosity of the soil and promoting adequate conditions for the growth of coffee root, which can generate large soil water retention, benefiting coffee crops in the long-term.
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Junior, Elio Conradi, Affonso Celso Gonçalves Jr, Edleusa Pereira Seidel, et al. "Effects of Liming on Soil Physical Attributes: A Review." Journal of Agricultural Science 12, no. 10 (2020): 278. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v12n10p278.
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The objective of the present study was to gather information on the effects of liming on changes in soil physical attributes. Soil acidity, caused by natural ways, such as rain, weathering and decomposition of organic matter and by human interference, by the use of nitrogen fertilizer mainly ammonia and urea fertilizer contribute to the acidification of the soil. In this context liming is perform to correct soil pH and neutralize the effect of toxic elements. Numerous benefits of liming are known, but their influence on soil physical attributes is poorly studied. Liming directly affects some physical properties of the soil, such as flocculation, aggregates, density and porosity. Flocculation of soil particles initially is smallest, which promotes greater particle dispersion. However, it changes over time, since H+ and Al3+ ions tend to be subsumed by Ca2+ and Mg2+ increasing particle flocculation power which favors its approximation and aggregate formation. For soil aggregates, surface liming in improves soil aggregation by increasing the mean aggregate diameter with positive responses as dose increases. Density and porosity of soil also undergo changes. It is important to point out that liming also has the potential to alter the porous structure of the soil. Porosity liming promotes soil density reduction and increase influenced reducing macroporosity values and increase of total porosity and micropores values. The results of studies carried out present divergent and similar results according to the evaluated physical attributes. This is possibly due to the dynamics between liming under different edaphoclimatic conditions.
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Wang, Z. M., B. Zhang, K. S. Song, et al. "Soil organic carbon under different landscape attributes in croplands of Northeast China." Plant, Soil and Environment 54, No. 10 (2008): 420–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/402-pse.
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Soil organic carbon (SOC) was measured in topsoil samples of agricultural soils from 311 locations of Jiutai County, Northeast China. The spatial characteristics of SOC were studied using the Geographic Information Systems and geostatistics. Effects of other soil physical and chemical properties, elevation, slope, soil type and land use type were explored. SOC concentrations followed a lognormal distribution, with a geometric mean of 1.50%. The experimental variogram of SOC has been fitted with an exponential model. Our results highlighted total nitrogen and pH as the soil properties that have the greatest influence on SOC levels. Upland eroding areas have significantly less SOC than soils in deposition areas. Results showed that, soil type had a significant relationship with SOC, reflecting the effect of soil parent materials. Soil samples from paddy fields and vegetable fields had higher SOC concentrations than those from dry farming land.
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Alves, Pablo F. S., Silvânio R. Santos, Marcos K. Kondo, Rodinei F. Pegoraro, and Edcássio D. Araújo. "Soil physical attributes in chemigated banana plantation with wastewater." Engenharia Agrícola 35, no. 6 (2015): 998–1008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-4430-eng.agric.v35n6p998-1008/2015.
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ABSTRACT The feasibility of using sewage wastewater as a water and nutrient source for plants is an alternative to harness agricultural natural resource, observing its influence on the organic matter dynamics and soil energy. Our objective here was to evaluate the effects of applying different doses of effluent from a sewage treatment plant, in Janaúba – MG, Brazil, over the physical attributes of a soil grown with “Prata Anã” banana. From soil sample collection at depths of 0-20, 20-40, and 40-60 cm, we determined the following soil properties: soil density, total porosity, macroporosity, microporosity, organic matter, clay dispersed in water and stability of soil aggregate. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with four repetitions. Wastewater raising doses promoted increase in suspended solids, contributing to macroporosity reduction at 20-40 and 40-60 cm depths; as well as a reduction in organic matter within 0-20 cm layer. Clay dispersal was observed in the depths of 0-20 cm, being derived from an increase in sodium content. Concurrently, there was a reduction of soil aggregate stability.
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Galindo, Fernando S., Rafael Montanari, Mayara M. Martins, et al. "Specific Management Areas as a Function of Dendrometric Properties of Eucalyptus and Physical-Chemical Attributes in an Oxisol." Journal of Agricultural Science 10, no. 5 (2018): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v10n5p34.
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Eucalyptus cultivation has expanded considerably in Brazil, especially in regions where soils have low fertility, as in the Brazilian Cerrado (Brazilian Savannah). In order to achieve high yield, it is necessary to know the appropriate time and place to perform the soil management, and to assist in this decision-making process, mathematical and computational models has been used and are a promising alternative. The objective of this study was to model the influence of plant and soil physical-chemical attributes on Eucalyptus camaldulensis cultivation in an Oxisol (Latossolo Vermelho distrófico), with clayey texture with the purpose of demonstrating specific management areas closely associated with eucalyptus development. An experimental grid of approximately 2 hectares (ha) containing 40 sampling points were installed and later soil and plant attributes were collected for the determination of physical and chemical attributes in the 0-0.20 m and 0.20-0.40 m layers in Selvíria, MS, Brazil. The results were analyzed using classical and geostatistical statistics. The spatial dependence varied according to the physical attribute evaluated and the depth of sampling. In addition to the vertical variability, there was also horizontal variability between depths, since for the same attribute the range was different between the sampled layers.
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Syauqy, Dahnial, Hurriyatul Fitriyah, and Khairul Anwar. "Classification of Physical Soil Condition for Plants using Nearest Neighbor Algorithm with Dimensionality Reduction of Color and Moisture Information." Journal of Information Technology and Computer Science 3, no. 2 (2018): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.25126/jitecs.20183266.
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Determining the quality of soil is an important task to perform especially on newly opened agricultural land since it may provide significant impact on the growth of plants. One alternative to determine physical soil quality is by visually observe the color of the soil and measure its moisture. This paper designed an embedded system classify soil condition for plants according to the dimensionality reduction of color and moisture information from the soil using k-NN algorithm. The dimension of attribute information was reduced using correlation analysis to achieve lower computational time and lower memory usage on embedded system. In this study, 39 sample of soil from various location were collected and categorized by soil expert using visual observation. In the accuracy testing on the system that used 4 attributes, 100% accuracy was given by 60:40 ratio with 7 neighbors. In contrast, the system that used only 2 attributes, 100% accuracy was given by 60:40 ratio with 5 nearest neighbors. The resource usage testing shown that by using reduced attributes dimension, the resource usage can be lowered as many as 188 bytes on program storage and 192 bytes on global variable usage. Moreover, the average of computation time performed by the system using reduced attribute dimension achieved 5.4 ms compared to the system that used all attributes which achieved 6.2 ms.
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Romano, Nunzio, and Mario Palladino. "Prediction of soil water retention using soil physical data and terrain attributes." Journal of Hydrology 265, no. 1-4 (2002): 56–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-1694(02)00094-x.
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Gomes, Romário Pimenta, Anderson Cristian Bergamin, Laércio Santos Silva, et al. "Compaction and Physical Attributes of the Soil After the Development of Cover Plants." Journal of Agricultural Science 10, no. 7 (2018): 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v10n7p206.
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Compaction problems in heavily tilled soils have been commonly mitigated with the use of cover plants. Aiming to evaluate the effects of compaction on the physical properties of a plyntic Haplic-Alitic Cambisol soil after development of different cover crops, a complete randomized blocks design experiment, with 3 × 3 factorial arrangement and four replications, was conducted. Treatments consisted of cultivation of two legume species, crotalaria (Crotalaria juncea L.) and stylosanthes cv. Campo Grande (Estilosantes capitata + Estilosantes macrocephala) and a grass species, brachiaria (Urochloa brizhantha cv. Marandu), subjected to soil compaction: CM–Conventional soil management (tillage) without additional compaction; CMc4 and CMc8–conventional soil management with additional compaction using a 6 Mg tractor in four and eight wheel passes. Conventional management with additional compaction does not affect significantly the physical attributes at a soil depth of 0.10-0.20 m, and only the soil moisture does not differ according to the soil management, irrespective of the depth and kind of cover plant. Traffic levels in four passes result in an increased soil bulk density and macroporosity in the 0.0-0.05 m, and in soil resistance to penetration and total porosity in the layer up to 0.10 m. Cover crops are important in maintaining soil physical quality to reduce the negative effects of compacting forces, especially to stylosanthes cv. Campo Grande that provided greater soil protection in systems with or without addition of compaction, conditioning the lowest values of bulk density and soil resistance to penetration.
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Castilho, Selene Cristina de Pierri, Miguel Cooper, and Carlos Eduardo Pinto Juhász. "Influence of crust formation under natural rain on physical attributes of soils with different textures." Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 35, no. 6 (2011): 1893–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-06832011000600006.
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One of the main negative anthropic effects on soil is the formation of crusts, resulting in soil degradation. This process of physical origin reduces soil water infiltration, causing increased runoff and consequently soil losses, water erosion and/or soil degradation. The study and monitoring of soil crusts is important for soil management and conservation, mainly in tropical regions where research is insufficient to explain how soil crusts are formed and how they evolve. The purpose of this study was to monitor these processes on soils with different particle size distributions. Soil crusts on a sandy/sandy loam Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo (Typic Hapludult), sandy loam Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo (Typic Hapludox) and a clayey Nitossolo Vermelho eutroférrico (Rhodic Kandiudalf) were monitored. The soil was sampled and data collected after 0, 3, 5 and 10 rain storms with intensities above 25 mm h-1, from December 2008 to May 2009. Soil chemical and particle size distribution analysis were performed. The changes caused by rainfall were monitored by determining the soil roughness, hydraulic conductivity and soil water retention curves and by micromorphological analysis. Reduced soil roughness and crust formation were observed for all soils during the monitored rainfall events. However, contrary to what was expected according to the literature, crust formation was not always accompanied by reductions in total porosity, hydraulic conductivity and soil water retention.
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Ceddia, Marcos Bacis, Sidney Rosa Vieira, André Luis Oliveira Villela, Lenilson dos Santos Mota, Lúcia Helena Cunha dos Anjos, and Daniel Fonseca de Carvalho. "Topography and spatial variability of soil physical properties." Scientia Agricola 66, no. 3 (2009): 338–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162009000300009.
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Among the soil formation factors, relief is one of the most used in soil mapping, because of its strong correlation with the spatial variability of soil attributes over a landscape. In this study the relationship between topography and the spatial variability of some soil physical properties was evaluated. The study site, a pasture with 2.84 ha, is located near Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, where a regular square grid with 20 m spacing was laid out and georreferenced. In each sampling point, altitude was measured and undisturbed soil samples were collected, at 0.0-0.1, 0.1-0.2, and 0.2-0.3 m depths. Organic carbon content, soil texture, bulk density, particle density, and soil water retention at 10 (Field Capacity), 80 (limit of tensiometer reading) and 1500 kPa (Permanent Wilting Point) were determined. Descriptive statistics was used to evaluate central tendency and dispersion parameters of the data. Semivariograms and cross semivariograms were calculated to evaluate the spatial variability of elevation and soil physical attributes, as well as, the relation between elevation and soil physical attributes. Except for silt fraction content (at the three depths), bulk density (at 0.2-0.3 m) and particle density (at 0.0-0.1 m depth), all soil attributes showed a strong spatial dependence. Areas with higher elevation presented higher values of clay content, as well as soil water retention at 10, 80 and 1500 kPa. The correlation between altitude and soil physical attributes decreased as soil depth increased. The cross semivariograms demonstrated the viability in using altitude as an auxiliary variable to improve the interpolation of sand and clay contents at the depth of 0.0-0.3 m, and of water retention at 10, 80 and 1500 kPa at the depth of 0.0-0.2 m.
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Florentim, Elyson Thiago De Souza, Helen Caroline Rodrigues Correa, Paloma Emanuela Braga Martins, Fulvianny Cristina da Silva, Walmes Marques Zeviani, and Milson Evaldo Serafim. "PHYSICAL SOIL ATTRIBUTES IN DIFFERENT EUCALYPTUS CROP MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS IN WESTERN MATO GROSSO, BRAZIL." FLORESTA 50, no. 4 (2020): 1679. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/rf.v50i4.57466.
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Physical soil attributes in different eucalyptus crop management systems in western Mato Grosso, Brazil. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of four soil management systems on the physical attributes of an Oxisol for Eucalyptus crops in western Mato Grosso, Brazil. The management systems are differentiated by the soil preparation form during the implantation and initial forest establishment phases, namely a conventional system (plowing, harrowing and subsoiling for preparation and harrows for weed control after planting ) and a conservationist system (pasture desiccation, subsoiling, herbicide weed control and cover crop), with added differences in the eucalyptus fertilizer supply manner (haul and furrow). Nine soil layers were sampled continuously for each management system in between the sowing lines using 100 cm³ volumetric rings (0.05 m in diameter and height), totaling a studied layer of 0.45 m. The following variables were evaluated: total pore volume, microporosity, macroporosity, density and soil resistance to penetration. The different managements did not lead to significant differences for the studied attributes two years after forest establishment, with only a small depth effect observed. The attribute values are within the appropriate limits for eucalyptus crop development, indicating good soil quality under the eucalyptus forest for the study conditions.Keywords: Cover crop, Eucalyptus, soil management, soil penetration resistance.
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Oliveira, Marcela Pacola, Cassiano Garcia Roque, Gabriel Luis Piati, et al. "Cover crops, lime and gypsum influence on soil physical attributes." Bioscience Journal 37 (January 19, 2021): e37010. http://dx.doi.org/10.14393/bj-v37n0a2021-48248.
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Cover crops promote nutrient cycling, and lime and gypsum can alter the soil physical attributes. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of lime and gypsum rates applied to a no-tillage system with addition of residues of three cover crops on the soil physical attributes. This experiment was carried out in chapadão do sul-ms. The treatments were comprised of three cover crops (Urochloa ruziziensis, fallow, and Pennisetum glaucum), with gypsum (0, 2.3 and 4.6 Mg ha-1) and lime applied at a dose of 0, 2, 4, 6 Mg ha-1).The attributes evaluated were: soil density, macroporosity, microporosity, total porosity and penetration resistance. The soil of the experiment was classified an Oxisol. Cover crops and lime and gypsum improved macroporosity, microporosity and total porosity at all depths, 0-0.2 m. Millet presented lower values for penetration resistance with the lime application and without gypsum application. No residual effect on soil density was detected for lime and gypsum application or cover crops in the 0.1-0.2 m layer. Brazilian Cerrado producers will have a well-defined management system to follow aiming at improving the soil physical attributes.
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Barbosa, Ronny Sobreira, Zigomar Menezes de Souza, Marina Pedroso Carneiro, and Camila Viana Vieira Farhate. "Root System and Its Relations with Soil Physical and Chemical Attributes in Orange Culture." Applied Sciences 11, no. 4 (2021): 1790. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11041790.
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Citrus companies have sought and developed alternative systems of tillage or implanting orchards so as not to significantly alter the physical and chemical attributes of the soil and, consequently, the root development of plants. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the physical and chemical attributes of the soil that most influence the root volume of the orange crop in different tillage systems. The experiment was carried out in the region of Avaré, state of São Paulo, Brazil, in Utissol and Oxisol. For the planting of the orange crop, the following tillages were made: minimum tillage, subsoiler tillage and soil tillage using a triple tillage implement. The physical and chemical attributes evaluated were bulk density, macroporosity, microporosity, total porosity, soil moisture, soil mean weight-diameter, soil resistance to penetration, sum of bases, cation exchange capacity, base saturation, pH, exchangeable cations, potential acidity, available phosphorus, analysis of micronutrients such as copper, iron, manganese and zinc, and organic carbon content. The root system was evaluated using SIARCS® software. For data classification, data mining techniques were used such as attribute selection and decision tree induction. Regardless of the soil type, the use of the triple operation implement provided greater root volume for orange plants. For the Utisol area, the pH value of 4.2 was the main attribute that provided a high root volume. For the Oxisol, the presence of copper, in levels that did not generate toxicity for the plants, provided a high volume of root for the crop.
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Arshad, M. A., and G. M. Coen. "Characterization of soil quality: Physical and chemical criteria." American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 7, no. 1-2 (1992): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0889189300004410.
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AbstractThe impact of soil degradation on human welfare and the global environment presents a major challenge. A significant decline in soil quality has occurred worldwide through adverse changes in its physical, chemical and biological attributes and contamination by inorganic and organic chemicals. There is a need to develop criteria to evaluate soil quality so that the progress of any corrective action required by the international community can be monitored.There currently are no generally accepted criteria to evaluate changes in soil quality. This lack impedes the design and evaluation of meaningful soil management programs. This paper examines the principal physical and chemical attributes that can serve as indicators of a change in soil quality under particular agroclimatic conditions. Proposed indicators include soil depth to a root restricting layer, available water-holding capacity, bulk density/penetration resistance, hydraulic conductivity, aggregate stability, organic matter, nutrient availability/retention capacity, pH, and where appropriate, electrical conductivity and exchangeable sodium. We also discuss the justification for selecting these key attributes, their measurement, critical limits for monitoring changes in soil productivity, and future research needs in soil quality.
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Castioni, Guilherme Adalberto Ferreira, Zigomar Menezes de Souza, Aline Azevedo Nazário, et al. "Variability of physical attributes in tropical weathered soil cultivated with irrigated beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)." Australian Journal of Crop Science, no. 13(05) 2019 (May 20, 2019): 656–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.19.13.05.p1115.
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Soil physical attributes are affected by several events. The ability to identify the variation of those attributes can be used to decide the best crop management. Although it is known that smaller grids are more representative, predicting the least number of points while maintaining accuracy is a tool that might reflect a gain in yield and time. The aims of this study were to evaluate the spatial physical variability and to define the minimum sampling density in a tropical Typic Haplustults soil using a scaled semivariogram in a central pivot area with pinto bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) after the eighth bean harvest in Cristalina, Goias State. Soil samples were collected at a regular grid of 10-m intervals, totaling 180 points, and at depths of 0.00–0.10 m, 0.10–0.20 m, and 0.20–0.30 m to determine total sand content (TS), silt (SIL), clay (CL), water-dispersed clay (WDC), mean weight diameter of soil aggregates (MWD), soil penetration resistance (PR), soil macroporosity (Ma), soil microporosity (Mi), and soil bulk density (BD). The results demonstrated that management promoted superficial soil compaction with increasing BD and Mi and decreasing Ma and TP. The scaled semivariogram demonstrated similarity between attributes in the three studied soil layers, evidencing strong spatial dependency. The sample density showed a strong influence of WDC in the irrigated soil properties. Adoption of a scaled semivariogram is a strategy that can be used to determine a minimum number of points that represents the spatial variability of soil physical attributes and to assist the best management in irrigated soils.
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Teixeira de Oliveira, Job, Rubens Alves de Oliveira, Domingos Sarvio Magalhães Valente, Isabela da Silva Ribeiro, and Paulo Eduardo Teodoro. "Spatial Relationships of Soil Physical Attributes with Yield and Lateral Shoot Growth of Garlic." HortScience 55, no. 7 (2020): 1053–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci15082-20.
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Some compaction states cause changes in soil structure, resulting in increased soil density and soil resistance to penetration (RP). The objective of this study was: a) to analyze the variability of the studied attributes of the plant and the soil; b) define the linear and spatial correlations between plant and soil attributes; and c) to identify the best attributes that correlate spatially with garlic yield (GY) and lateral shoot growth (LSG) for the elaboration of spatial variability maps. The attributes evaluated were GY, apparent soil electrical conductivity (EC), mechanical resistance to penetration (MRP), soil volumetric moisture (SVM), plant water potential (WP), and LSG. The reach values of spatial dependence to be considered in future studies using the same attributes should be between 8 m for apparent soil EC and 23 m for RP. From a spatial point of view, garlic LSG could be estimated by indirect cokriging with soil RP. Values greater than 3000 kPa of soil RP indicated the sites with the lowest GYs.
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Feitosa, Jardenia R., Alessandra M. S. Mendes, Nelci Olszevski, Tony J. F. Cunha, Jorge W. Cortez, and Vanderlise Giongo. "Physical attributes of ultisol of Brazil's northeastern semiarid under organic farming of wine grapes." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 87, no. 1 (2015): 483–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201520130066.
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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of organic farming of wine grapes under physical and chemical characteristics of Ultisol Brazil's northeastern semiarid region. The samples of soil were collected from the row and interrow of the farming and from the fallow area, at the depths of 0.0-0.10, 0.10-0.20, 0.20-0.30 and 0.30-0.60 m. The samples were collected at six and twelve months after the culture implementation to evaluate the state of aggregation, bulk density and total soil porosity, flocculation index and organic matter contents, calcium, magnesium, and sodium. The results were submitted to statistical analysis. The adoption of organic farming contributed to the soil aggregation process. The bulk density and total soil porosity did not differ significantly between the evaluations, but were within the critical limits for sandy soils. The index flocculation did not have a great influence on the aggregates formation, being this process influenced by organic matter. The period of one year was considered short to obtain conclusive results in improving the soil quality by organic farming, since there are difficulties in tropical soils in promoting significant increases in organic matter content in short time.
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SILVA, Alexandre Marco da, Rodrigo Custodio URBAN, Luiz Augusto MANFRÉ, Michel BROSSARD, and Marcelo Zacharias MOREIRA. "SOIL QUALITY ATTRIBUTES RELATED TO URBANIZATION IN BRAZILIAN WATERSHED." Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management 25, no. 4 (2017): 317–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16486897.2017.1296451.
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In this study we investigated the variation of soil attributes according to urban-related land cover categories. The study was carried out in an urbanized watershed located in the Brazilian subtropical region (Sorocaba Municipality, São Paulo). Soil samples were collected considering the land cover category for analysis of physical, chemical and isotopic attributes. The land cover influenced the soils attributes. Soils from wooded and grassed areas presented significant differences, especially for values of C isotopes. Soil bulk density was significantly altered. According to considered land cover mosaic in the study, we estimated 10,241.28 tons of C stored in the thickness 20 cm of the watershed (whole area), and this amount is almost a half of the total potential of C storing in the watershed. We stress that projects of planned land cover should effectively implemented in urbanized regions to effectively contribute in storing more C and improving the soil-related ecosystem services.
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Farias, Phâmella Kalliny Pereira, Carolina Malala Martins Souza, Jeane Cruz Portela, Isadora Nayara Bandeira Medeiros de Moura, and Ana Carla Rodrigues da Silva. "GENESIS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF SOILS OF THE SANTANAMOUNTAIN RANGE IN THE SERIDÓ REGION, RIO GRANDE DO NORTE, BRAZIL." Revista Caatinga 31, no. 4 (2018): 1017–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252018v31n425rc.
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ABSTRACT Rio Grande do Norte has mountain formations with edaphoclimatic conditions different from those predominating in the state, presenting deeper,acid soils, and milder climate. Among these formations, is the Santana mountain range, which is part of the Serra do Martins Formation. The objective of this work was to interpret the pedogenesis of the representative soils of the Santana mountain range through morphological, physical, and chemical characterizations of soil profiles and evaluate the effect of these attributes on the distribution of pedological forms along the landscape using multivariate analysis. Morphological, physical, and chemical analyses of seven soil profiles of the Santana mountain range were performed. The soils were classified according to the Brazilian Soil Classification System and the data subjected to multivariate analysis. The representative soil classes found were: LATOSSOLO AMARELO Distrófico argissólico; LATOSSOLO AMARELO Eutrófico argissólico; NEOSSOLO QUARTZARÊNICO Órtico típico; NEOSSOLO LITÓLICO Eutrófico fragmentário; NEOSSOLO REGOLÍTICO Eutrófico típico and CAMBISSOLO HÁPLICO Tb Eutrófico léptico. According to the analysis of the morphological attributes, the parent material had great influence on the formation of the different soil classes found in the Santana mountain range. The soil textural classes varied from sand to sandy clay loam. According to the analysis of the chemical attributes, the soil profiles presented acid reaction, great variation of base saturation, and low electrical conductivity. The multivariate analysis established groups of representative soil profiles of the Santana mountain range through the distinction of their physical and chemical attributes, mainly of subsurface diagnostic horizons.
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Basak, Nirmalendu, Ashim Datta, Tarik Mitran, et al. "Assessing soil-quality indices for subtropical rice-based cropping systems in India." Soil Research 54, no. 1 (2016): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr14245.
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Rice-based cropping systems are the foundation of food security in countries of Southeast Asia, but productivity of such systems has declined with deterioration in soil quality. These systems are different from other arable systems because rice is grown under submergence, and this may require a different set of key soil attributes for maintenances of quality and productivity. A minimum dataset was screened for assessing quality of soils belonging to three Soil Orders (Inceptisols, Entisols and Alfisols) by using statistical and mathematical models and 27 physical, chemical and biological attributes. Surface soils were collected from farmers’ fields under long-term cultivation of rice–potato–sesame cropping systems. Most of the attributes varied significantly among the Soil Orders used. Four or five key attributes were screened for each Soil Order through principal component and discriminate analysis, and these explained nearly 80% and 90% of the total variation in each Soil Order dataset. The attributes were dehydrogenase activity (DHA), available K, cation exchange capacity (CEC) and pHCa for Inceptisols; organic C, pHCa, bulk density, nitrogen mineralisation (Nmin) and β-glucosidase for Entisols; and DHA, very labile C, Nmin and microbial biomass C for Alfisols. Representation of the screened attributes was validated against the equivalent rice yield of the studied system. Among the selected key soil attributes, DHA and CEC for Inceptisols, organic C for Entisols, and Nmin and very labile C for Alfisols were most strongly correlated with system yield (R2 = 0.45, 0.77 and 0.78). Results also showed that biological and chemical attributes were most sensitive for indicating the differences in soil quality and have a strong influence on system yield, whereas soil physical attributes largely varied but did not predict system yield.
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Alarcón-Jiménez, Milton F., Jesús H. Camacho-Tamayo, and Jaime H. Bernal. "Management zones based on corn yield and soil physical attributes." Agronomía Colombiana 33, no. 3 (2015): 373–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v33n3.51505.
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The need to increase the yield and thus the income of farmers and provide food for the growing population requires the search for more efficient and innovative ways for growing, such as management by zones or site-specific practices. This knowledge improves the process of decision making in agricultural production for better crop management. The aim of this study was to determine zones of agricultural management based on corn yield and its relationship with some physical attributes in an Oxisol on the Eastern plains of Colombia. For this, the soil sampling was done in a regular grid whose sampling points were spaced every 70 m, in an area of 37 ha. The studied soil attributes were penetration resistance (PR), texture, total porosity (TP), macropores, mesopores, micropores, saturated hydraulic conductivity (KS), bulk density (BD), particle density (PD), soil water content (SW) and yield. The results were analyzed using descriptive statistics, geostatistics and multivariate techniques. From these results, management zones were defined. The soil physical attributes presented high variability in the different regions of the sampled area. The methods used for characterizing the management zones, allowed for identifying which area presented the best physical characteristics, an area that also showed the highest production of maize, similar in the different methods that were studied.
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Cerri, Domingos Guilherme Pellegrino, and Paulo Sérgio Graziano Magalhães. "Correlation of physical and chemical attributes of soil with sugarcane yield." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 47, no. 4 (2012): 613–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2012000400018.
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The objective of this work was to evaluate the correlation between sugarcane yield and some physical and chemical attributes of soil. For this, a 42‑ha test area in Araras, SP, Brazil, was used. Soil properties were determined from samples collected at the beginning of the 2003/2004 harvest season, using a regular 100x100 m grid. Yield assessment was done with a yield monitor (Simprocana). Correlation analyses were performed between sugarcane yield and the following soil properties: pH, pH CaCl2, N, C, cone index, clay content, soil organic matter, P, K, Ca, Mg, H+AL, cation exchange capacity, and base saturation. Correlation coefficients were respectively ‑0.05, ‑0.29, 0.33, 0.41, ‑0.27, 0.22, 0.44, ‑0.24, trace, ‑0.06, 0.01, 0.32, 0.14, and 0.04. Correlations of chemical and physical attributes of soil with sugarcane yield are weak, and, per se, they are not able to explain sugarcane yield variation, which suggests that other variables, besides soil attributes, should be analysed.
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Lima, Juliao Soares de Souza, Walas Permanhane Sturião, Ivoney Gontijo, and Samuel Assis Silva. "Spatial distribution of physical attributes of an Ultisol under papaya crop." Comunicata Scientiae 8, no. 4 (2018): 526–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/cs.v8i4.1669.
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The successful development of the root system of plants depends on the favorable conditions of soil physical attributes. The objective of this work was to study the spatial variability of physical attributes in an Ultisol cultivated with papaya. The soil was prepared mechanically plowing, harrowing, sulcal and subsoiler. In the center of the crop field was built a sampling grid with points spaced 5.7 m, totalizando129 georeferenced points. The soil samples at two depths (0 - 0.20 m, 0.20 - 0.40 m) were collected for four months after transplantation, to determine the total porosity (TP), soil moisture (Um), soil bulk density (BD) and soil penetration resistance in the planting row (PRPR) and in the traffic machines rows (PRRow). The soil penetration resistance in the planting row and in the traffic machines row was determined. The BD1 and BD2 showed the lowest CV values, and the data were fitted to the exponential and spherical models, respectively, with spatial dependence ranges of 20 and 28 m. At the layer of 0-0.20 m depth, the attributes showed the same spatial distribution pattern. At the layer of 0-0.20 m depth, the soil penetration resistance showed 7.5 times greater in the traffic machines region (rw spacing) than the value found in the planting row.
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Martins Filho, J. B., K. C. Cunha Meneses, A. L. Brito Filho, C. E. L. Feitosa, and M. F. Farias. "Soil-water physical attributes under different managements systems in the humid tropics in Maranhão." Scientific Electronic Archives 13, no. 9 (2020): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.36560/13820201030.
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This study was conducted to evaluate the physical properties modifications of an Oxisol under different conditions of use and management. The research was conducted at Fazenda Sítio Novo and in native forest area, respectively in the municipalities of São Benedito do Rio Preto/MA and Chapadinha/MA. The research followed a completely randomized design with 3 treatments and 4 replications, with the following uses and management: no-tillage (PD); conventional planting (CP) and native forest (MN). The following physical properties were analyzed: bulk density, porosity and soil moisture and penetration resistance at depths of 0.0-0.20 m and 0.20-0.40 m. The water properties analyzed were: basic infiltration velocity, total soil water capacity and vertical hydraulic conductivity. The soil presented higher density and low conservation of moisture in PD and PC. Native forest presented higher total porosity and higher conservation of soil moisture. Total soil water capacity was higher in MN (39.89 mm) followed by PC (25.33 mm) and PD (18.84 mm). The uses and management employed in the soils analyzed on the farm reflect the degradation of the physical properties of the soil in relation to native forest.
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Pereira, Nayana Alves, João Carlos Medeiros, Julian Júnio de Jesus Lacerda, et al. "Soil Physical Attributes Under Eucalyptus stands With Non-living and Living Plants." Journal of Agricultural Science 11, no. 3 (2019): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v11n3p197.
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The conservation of ecosystems has benefited from planted forests which provide reforested wood reducing the pressure on deforestation of natural forests. Soil physical attributes determine soil water storage capacity; therefore, they play an important role on plant roots’ development which may compromise plant’s survival. The study tested the influence of soil physical and water attributes on the survival of Eucalyptus spp. clones under dry tropical climate. Two areas were selected, including one with living plants and a second with non-living plants of Eucalyptus spp. clones. Moreover, five soil profiles were studied in each area and the parameters estimated were soil bulk density, total porosity, saturated hydraulic conductivity, soil water retention curve, pores size distribution, available water capacity, and S index. Soil physical and hydric attributes did not differ between the area with living plants and the one with non-living plants. The saturated hydraulic conductivity in the area surface layer was high for both the living plants and non-living palnts; 331 mm h-1 and 294 mm h-1, respectively. The S index (to give the value) indicated that the structure was suitable for the development of Eucalyptus trees. Furthermore, it was possible to affirm that soil physical and water attributes of the studied areas were promising for the cultivation of Eucalyptus spp. in the dry tropical climate.
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Watkar, Amita M. "Physico-Chemical Properties of Soil Collected from Chandrabhaga River in Kalmeshwar, Nagpur, Maharashtra." Journal of Advanced Research in Alternative Energy, Environment and Ecology 07, no. 02 (2020): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/2455.3093.202006.
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Soil, itself means Soul of Infinite Life. Soil is the naturally occurring unconsolidated or loose covering on the earth’s surface. Physical properties depend upon the amount, size, shape, arrangement, and mineral composition of soil particles. It also depends on the organic matter content and pore spaces. Chemical properties depend on the Inorganic and organic matter present in the soil. Soils are the essential components of the environment and foundation resources for nearly all types of land use, besides being the most important component of sustainable agriculture. Therefore, assessment of soil quality and its direction of change with time is an ideal and primary indicator of sustainable agricultural land management. Soil quality indicators refer to measurable soil attributes that influence the capacity of a soil to function, within the limits imposed by the ecosystem, to preserve biological productivity and environmental quality and promote plant, animal and human health. The present study is to assess these soil attributes such as physical and chemical properties season-wise.
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Marques, Jean Dalmo de Oliveira, Flávio Jesus Luizão, Wenceslau Geraldes Teixeira, Claudia Marie Vitel, and Elizalane Moura de Araújo Marques. "SOIL ORGANIC CARBON, CARBON STOCK AND THEIR RELATIONSHIPS TO PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTES UNDER FOREST SOILS IN CENTRAL AMAZONIA." Revista Árvore 40, no. 2 (2016): 197–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0100-67622016000200002.
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ABSTRACT The soil carbon under Amazonian forests has an important roles in global changing, making information on the soil content and depths of these stocks are considerable interest in efforts to quantify soil carbon emissions to the atmosphere.This study quantified the content and soil organic carbon stock under primary forest up to 2 m depth, at different topographic positions, at Cuieiras Biological Reserve, Manaus/ ZF2, km 34, in the Central Amazon, evaluating the soil attributes that may influence the permanence of soil carbon. Soil samples were collected along a transect of 850 m on topographic gradient Oxisol (plateau), Ultisol (slope) and Spodosol (valley). The stocks of soil carbon were obtained by multiplying the carbon content, soil bulk density and trickiness of soil layers. The watershed was delimited by using STRM and IKONOS images and the carbon contend obtained in the transects was extrapolated as a way to evaluate the potential for carbon stocks in an area of 2678.68 ha. The total SOC was greater in Oxisol followed by Spodosol and Ultisol. It was found direct correlations between the SOC and soil physical attributes. Among the clay soils (Oxisol and Ultisol), the largest stocks of carbon were observed in Oxisol at both the transect (90 to 175.5 Mg C ha-1) as the level of watershed (100.2 to 195.2 Mg C ha-1). The carbon stocks under sandy soil (Spodosol) was greater to clay soils along the transect (160-241 Mg C ha-1) and near them in the Watershed (96.90 to 146.01 Mg C ha-1).
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Braga, Rafael Malfitano, Moacir de Souza Dias Junior, Francisco de Assis Braga, and Thiago de Paula Protásio. "Physical attributes of distroferric red latosol under four eucalypt species over the long term." Ciência e Agrotecnologia 37, no. 4 (2013): 313–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-70542013000400004.
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Planted forests have been increasingly highlighted in the Brazilian scenario, maintaining status regarding their environmental effects, among them those related with soils. The objectives of this work were to evaluate and to compare the physical attributes of a typic distroferric Red Latosol under Eucalyptus cloeziana, E. grandis, E. Pilularis and Corymbia maculata coverage, 37 years after being planted at the Federal University of Lavras campus. The soil profiles were sampled down to 1 m depth in order to analyze their particle-size distribution, porosity, structure and water retention. The results were submitted to analysis of variance, Scott-Knott multiple means comparison test, correlations and linear regression. The profiles presented appropriated soil physical conditions to provide good plant development. The bulk density and microporosity increased in depth while the total pore volume, macroporosity and aggregates stability decreased in depth. The soil profiles under E. cloeziana and C. maculata coverage presented lower density, more pores, are more structured, present lower water retention capability and lower water availability than the soil profiles under E. grandis and E. pilularis.
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Loss, Arcângelo, Rafael da Rosa Couto, Gustavo Brunetto, Milton da Veiga, Moreno Toselli, and Elena Baldi. "ANIMAL MANURE AS FERTILIZER: CHANGES IN SOIL ATTRIBUTES, PRODUCTIVITY AND FOOD COMPOSITION." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 7, no. 9 (2019): 307–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v7.i9.2019.615.
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Animal manure (AM), such as swine, cattle, sheep, horse, as well as other organic waste materials from recycling agri-food or other processes may be used as nutrient source for horticultural annual and perennial crops, increasing nutrient cycling and reducing costs related to acquisition of industrial fertilizers. Additionally, over the years it is expected to modify chemical, physical, and biological soil attributes such as increasing the nutrient content in the soil, which can affect crop productivity, change the food composition, fruit and vegetable storage aptitudes, and impact on the environment. The present review addresses the effect of AM applications on the soil-plant interface, emphasizing the following aspects: (a) changes in chemical, physical and biological attributes in soils with a history of AM applications, (b) effect of application of AM on annual plant productivity and (c) AM as fertilizer: productivity and food composition of horticultural crops. Successive applications of AM in soils tend to increase the chemical and physical attributes, and, increased production of grain crops. Effect of AM fertilizations on quality and nutritional value of fruits is still uncertain; it depends on several factors, including: 1) characteristics of organic matter, 2) pedoclimatic conditions, 3) time of application and 4) plant species.
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Corrêa, Robson Schaff, and Antônio Francisco Jurado Bellote. "Soil attributes and biomass yield from Pinus caribaea var. Hondurensis." CERNE 17, no. 2 (2011): 181–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-77602011000200004.
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Biomass yield from Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis is conditional on soil attributes. With the silvicultural practice currently being used in Brazil, Pinus stands might produce lower yields due to nutrient shift from harvest and due to changes in the edaphic environment from mechanization. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate chemical and physical soil attributes and determine which are correlated with higher biomass yields. Four commercial stands were selected, with differing growth patterns, each having four trees selected from the dominant layer, in addition to soil samples for chemical and physical analyses. Soil attributes and biomass yield data were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA), means were compared by the Tukey test, and the Pearson correlation coefficient was determined. Chemical attributes directly or indirectly associated with the sum of bases and physical attributes associated with water availability were found to be related to biomass yield.
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Farias, Maryzélia Furtado de, Carlos Eduardo Linhares Feitosa, Khalil De Menezes Rodrigues, Liliane Carvalho Teixeira, Mariléia Barros Furtado, and Luisa Julieth Parra-Serrano. "Impact of Management on the Physical Attributes of a Dystrophic Yellow Latosol." Journal of Agricultural Science 9, no. 5 (2017): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v9n5p217.
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Soil use and management systems aim to create conditions that are favorable to crop growth. The hypothesis is that areas subject to intensive use of agricultural machinery and animal trampling tend to have a soil structure that is altered by aggregate fragmentation, which causes soil compaction and consequently decreases the soil’s physical and hydraulic properties. The aim of this study was to assess and compare the physical and hydraulic parameters of a dystrophic yellow latosol in an area of Cerrado in the municipality of Chapadinha, Maranhão, Brazil under different use and management systems. The following five use and management systems were studied with five replicates: native forest (control), slash-and-burn agriculture, grassland, no-till crop production and conventional tillage. Data analysis was performed using a completely randomized experimental design. The soil’s density, macroporosity, microporosity, total porosity, hydraulic conductivity, infiltration, water retention curve, penetration resistance and Soil quality assessment index (S index) were assessed for all management systems. The soil use and management systems were found to have a significant effect on the penetration resistance and the water infiltration rate. The native forest and slash-and-burn agriculture areas provided the highest soil water infiltration rates and the lowest soil penetration resistance. A multivariate analysis identified the variables associated with each soil use and management system. The slash-and-burn agriculture area had the highest S index, which means it provided soil of the best physical quality.
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Camargo, Livia Arantes, José Marques Júnior, and Gener Tadeu Pereira. "Spatial variability of physical attributes of an alfisol under different hillslope curvatures." Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 34, no. 3 (2010): 617–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-06832010000300003.
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The influence of relief forms has been studied by several authors and explains the variability in the soil attributes of a landscape. Soil physical attributes depend on relief forms, and their assessment is important in mechanized agricultural systems, such as of sugarcane. This study aimed to characterize the spatial variability in the physical soil attributes and their relationship to the hillslope curvatures in an Alfisol developed from sandstone and growing sugarcane. Grids of 100 x 100 m were delimited in a convex and a concave area. The grids had a regular spacing of 10 x 10 m, and the crossing points of this spacing determined a total of 121 georeferenced sampling points. Samples were collected to determine the physical attributes related to soil aggregates, porosity, bulk density, resistance to penetration and moisture within the 0-0.2 and 0.2-0.4 m depth. Statistical analyses, geostatistics and Student's t-tests were performed with the means of the areas. All attributes, except aggregates > 2 mm in the 0-0.2 m depth and macroporosity at both depths, showed significant differences between the hillslope curvatures. The convex area showed the highest values of the mean weighted diameter, mean geometric diameter, aggregates > 2 mm, 1-2 mm aggregates, total porosity and moisture and lower values of bulk density and resistance to penetration in both depth compared to the concave area. The number of soil attributes with greater spatial variability was higher in the concave area.
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Gravina, Otavio Silveira, Glenio Guimarães Santos, Vladia Correchel, et al. "Physical Attributes of Ferralsol in Fertigated Sugarcane Production Environments for Bioethanol in the Midwest of Brazil." Agronomy 11, no. 8 (2021): 1641. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11081641.
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Brazil is the world leader in the production and export of sugarcane derivatives, and its center-south region is the main producer. Fertigation with byproducts from bioethanol production can be adopted as a strategy to mitigate the soil physical deterioration resulting from the intensification of mechanized farming practices. The objective of this study was to evaluate the behavior of soil physical attributes under sugarcane cultivation in different crop cycles in fertigated areas in the midwest region of Brazil. The samples were collected in different Ferralsol layers (0.0–0.1, 0.1–0.2, 0.2–0.3, and 0.4–0.5 m) and fertigated crop cycles (first, third, fifth, seventh, and twelfth sugarcane cycles), as well as from native Cerrado vegetation (reference area), and the weight and volume relationships of the soil constituents and total soil were evaluated. Soil physical attributes are affected by sugarcane cultivation cycles and fertigation with vinasse. In the short term (third cycle), the results indicate deterioration of the physical attributes of the soil. However, throughout the cycles of sugarcane culture via fertigation (twelve cycles), the addition of vinasse leads to improvements in physical attributes and soil aggregation, promoting an increase in the longevity of the sugarcane crop. Therefore, the evaluation of the physical attributes of the soil in areas with vinasse application in different sugarcane cultivation cycles should be analyzed in areas of different regions, as this management practice indicates a high potential to increase the longevity of cultivation sugarcane, reducing production costs in the bioenergy sector.
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Panziera, Wildon, Cláudia Liane Rodrigues de Lima, Jean Michel Moura Bueno, et al. "Spatial variability of soil physical attributes in sugarcane using different row spacings." SEPTEMBER 2020, no. 14(9):2020 (September 20, 2020): 1399–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.20.14.09.p2394.
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The aim of this study was to determine the impact of harvesting traffic by evaluating the spatial variability of soil physical attributes on a clayey Oxisol under sugarcane cultivation using different row spacing. Two areas of sugarcane production (RB855156 genotype) were planted in autumn 2013, both using conventional planting systems. Treatments were either sugarcane cultivated using: (i) single-row spacing (SR) of 1.50 m; or (ii) double-row spacing (DR) of 0.40 × 1.50 m. Areas using SR spacing occupied a total of 6 ha areas using DR spacing occupied a total of 2 ha. Assessments of soil physical attributes were performed during the summer of 2016 after the second harvest. Soil measurements in each area were done at 100 points using a grid design with dimensions of 10 m long by 5 m wide. Soil sampling was taken from the 0.00-0.10 m layer, from points distributed along the planted row and the machine’s wheel track. The following soil physical attributes were assessed: bulk density, total porosity, macroporosity, microporosity, soil penetration resistance, and water contentat field capacity. Bd and PR in the single-row spacing showed critical values for adequate sugarcane root development. The highest spatial variability of PR and Ma was found in double-row spacing, however, this spacing arrangement promoted a better soil physical conditions.
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Gomes Junior, Daniel Gonçalves, Rubismar Stolf, José Geanini Peres, Victor Meriguetti Pinto, and Klaus Reichardt. "Soil Physical Quality of Brazilian Crop Management Systems Evaluated with Aid of Penetrometer." Journal of Agricultural Science 8, no. 6 (2016): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v8n6p120.
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<p>Crop management affects soil attributes as well as its quality. We evaluated the following soil physical attributes: saturated hydraulic conductivity (K<sub>0</sub>), soil resistance (RP) and soil bulk density (BD), in Araras-SP, Brazil. Areas with sugarcane (<em>Saccharum officinarum</em>), soybean (<em>Glycine max</em>), physic nut (<em>Jatropha curcas</em> L.) and native forest presented an increase of soil compaction in the 0.10 m surface layer for the three attributes in a following order: native forest &lt;physic nut <strong>&lt;</strong> soybean &lt; sugarcane. Significant regressions were obtained for RP × K<sub>0</sub>; BD × K<sub>0</sub> and BD × RP. Penetrometer measurements were essential to indicate differences among areassugarcane, native forest, physic nut and soybean; but for the measurements of K<sub>0</sub>, only between sugarcane and native forest. RP measurements confirm anthropogenic changes in the soil profile up to the 0.3 m depth. In the “Canarache soil resistance classification” soils showed “low resistance” “without limitations to root development” for native forest and physic nut; “medium resistance” for soybean area with “some limitations to root development” and “high resistance” for sugarcane with “limitations to root development”. The use of penetrometers is discussed in relation to the readiness of field measurements.</p>
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Possamai, Edivan José, Paulo Cesar Conceição, Lizete Stumpf, Cristiane Dalagua Paier, Jaqueline Kristiane da Rosa, and Paulo Fernando Adami. "Long Term Crop-Livestock Managements on Physical Soil Attributes and Total Organic Carbon." Journal of Agricultural Studies 9, no. 1 (2020): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jas.v9i1.17781.
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Crop-livestock system (CLS) based on summer crops, as soybean and corn, in rotation with oat+ryegrass pasture in winter for dairy products, is the most adopted productive system at the southern region of Paraná, Brazil. Although its management needs to be evaluated, in order to improve its sustainability. In this sense, this study aimed to measure the impacts of management practices of five smallholder farms on soil quality, considering the soil use history. Soil samples were collected to determine soil bulk density (BD), macroporosity (Ma), microporosity (Mi), weighted mean diameter (WMD) in each area under CLS, summer pasture and native forest, as a control. Areas under CLS altered soil physical attributes (higher BD and Mi and lower Ma) in relation to the non-anthropized area as a consequence of animal trampling. However, the conservationist management adopted, with the soil cover maintenance along with years of minimum tillage, the use of grasses with aggressive roots along with the winter period, did not culminate in limitations of soil functions. Soil structure dynamics needs to be investigated to better determine the biological and physical influence on the formation of soil aggregation.
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Kaschuk, Glaciela, Julio Cesar Pires Santos, Jaime Antonio Almeida, Deise Cristina Sinhorati, and João Francisco Berton-Junior. "Termite activity in relation to natural grassland soil attributes." Scientia Agricola 63, no. 6 (2006): 583–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162006000600013.
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Soil-feeding termites transport soil for mound building, and this process can affect soil characteristics. To verify the influence of soil termite activity on soil characteristics, samples were collected from top, bottom and center of termite mounds, and of the adjacent area, to assess chemical and physical properties and mineralogical composition. Four replicates of termite mounds and respective adjacent areas were randomly sampled in Lages, Capão Alto, Painel, São José do Cerrito and Coxilha Rica (State of Santa Catarina, southern Brazil). Results of chemical analyses showed a greater content of K, P, Ca, Mg and organic C in the inner part of termite mounds, accompanied by lower pH in relation to soil of the adjacent area. There were no differences regarding clay mineral composition between termite mounds and adjacent soil, however the proportion of sand and clay differed between them. It is concluded that termites modify soil characteristics due to great volume of soil transported per ascensum for mound construction (varying from 20.9 m³ ha-1 to 136.6 m³ ha-1, in this study) which promotes a strong pedo-bio-perturbation and affects nutrient cycling and soil physical properties.
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Costa, Joseane Dunga da, Jeane Cruz Portela, Phâmella Kalliny Pereira Farias, et al. "Characterization and Classification of Soils of the Terra da Esperança Settlement Project in Chapada do Apodi, Brazil." Journal of Agricultural Science 11, no. 4 (2019): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v11n4p235.
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Soil characterization and pedological classification are essential to define its main potentials and restrictions. The objective of this work was to classify the morphological, physical, chemical, and pedological attributes of soils of the Terra da Esperan&ccedil;a Settlement Project (TESP) in Chapada do Apodi, Brazil, and find the most sensitive attributes for distinguishing them using multivariate analysis. The research was carried out in the TESP, in the municipality of Governor Dix-Sept Rosado, state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Ten sites were chosen to open representative soil profiles: Native Forest Area 1 (NFA1), 2 (NFA2), and 3 (NFA3), Collective Area with Native Forest (CNF), Agroecological Area (AEA), Cashew crop Area (CCA) Collective Area with Pasture 1 (CAP1), and 2 (CAP2), Permanent Preservation Area (PPA), and Cajaraneira (Spondia sp.) Orchard Area (COA). Disturbed and undisturbed soil samples were collected and subjected to physical and chemical analysis for soil classification. The soils classes found were: Cambissolo Haplico Carbonatico vertissolico (NFA1), Cambissolo Haplico Carbonatico tipico (CNF, and AEA), Cambissolo Haplico Ta Eutrofico tipico (CAP2, NFA2, and COA), Cambissolo Haplico Ta Eutrofico vertissolico (NFA3), Argissolo Vermelho Distrofico latossolico (CCA), Chernossolo Rendzico Ortico saprolitico (CAP1), and Neossolo Fluvico Ta Eutrofico tipico (PPA). The material of origin of the soils contributed to the presence of a calcic horizon in the profiles NFA1, CNF, AEA, CCA (Cambissolos), and CAP1 (Chernossolos). The textural class of the soils varied from sand to clay. The Argissolo (CCA) presented acid character, high aluminum saturation, low base saturation, dystrophic character, and low cation exchange capacity, forming horizons with chemical limitations, due to its latossolico character. The most sensitive attributes for distinguishing the soil classes were related to the source material, which directly influenced the soil physical (silt and clay) and chemical (acidity, salinity, nutrient availability, and clay activity) attributes.
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Camara, Rodrigo, Camila Santos da Silva, Gilsonley Lopes dos Santos, et al. "PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL, AND BIOLOGICAL SOIL ATTRIBUTES UNDER ANALOG AGROFORESTRY SYSTEM AND PASTURE SITES." FLORESTA 50, no. 1 (2019): 887. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/rf.v50i1.57476.
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Analog agroforestry system uses native tree species to improve soil conditions and the microclimate of degraded areas. This study aimed to assess the impact of analog agroforestry on physical, chemical, and biological soil attributes. We tested the hypothesis that some of these attributes can be used as indicators of soil quality improvement compared to a managed pasture area. Two experimental sites were selected, an analog agroforestry site and a pasture site. In October 2016 (end of the dry season), soil samples were collected from the 0–5 and 5–10 cm depths and the soil fauna community was sampled using pitfall traps. The analog agroforestry system led to increased total abundance, total richness, mean richness, evenness, and diversity of the soil fauna community as well as higher gravimetric soil moisture, sand content, pH, calcium, magnesium, and sum of exchangeable bases, which are good indicators of soil quality. Adults of Coleoptera, Diptera, Gastropoda, Hymenoptera, Isopoda, Lepidoptera, Poduromorpha, Symphypleona, Pseudoscorpionida, Lepidoptera and larvae of Coleoptera, Diptera, Lepidoptera, and Neuroptera were the most abundant taxonomic groups in the analog agroforestry system.
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Buss, Ricardo N., Raimunda A. Silva, Glécio M. Siqueira, Jairo O. R. Leiva, Osmann C. C. Oliveira, and Victor L. França. "Spatial and multivariate analysis of soybean productivity and soil physical-chemical attributes." Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 23, no. 6 (2019): 446–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v23n6p446-453.
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ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the spatial variability of soybean yield, carbon stock, and soil physical attributes using multivariate and geostatistical techniques. The attributes were determined in Oxisols samples with clayey and cohesive textures collected from the municipality of Mata Roma, Maranhão state, Brazil. In the study area, 70 sampling points were demarcated, and soybean yield and soil attributes were evaluated at soil depths of 0-0.20 and 0.20-0.40 m. Data were analysed using multivariate analyses (principal component analysis, PCA) and geostatistical tools. The mean soybean yield was 3,370 kg ha-1. The semivariogram of productivity, organic carbon (OC), and carbon stock (Cst) at the 0-0.20 m layer were adjusted to the spherical model. The PCA explained 73.21% of the variance and covariance structure between productivity and soil attributes at the 0-0.20 m layer [(PCA 1 (26.89%), PCA 2 (24.10%), and PCA 3 (22.22%)] and 68.64% at the 0.20-0.40 m layer [PCA 1 (31.95%), PCA 2 (22.83%), and PCA 3 (13.85%)]. The spatial variability maps of the PCA eigenvalue scores showed that it is possible to determine management zones using PCA 1 in the two studied depths; however, with different management strategies for each of the layers in this study.
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Hewitt, A. E., and T. G. Shepherd. "Structural vulnerability of New Zealand soils." Soil Research 35, no. 3 (1997): 461. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/s96074.
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Some New Zealand soils withstand intensive cultivation and support continuing high production and yet maintain essential soil physical qualities of infiltration, aggregation, and aeration. In other soils, essential soil qualities deteriorate rapidly under the impact of even moderately intensive management practices. Our objective was to estimate the inherent susceptibility of New Zealand soils to physical degradation by focusing on structural vulnerability. We took a deductive approach by reviewing the available information on the structural stability and physical degradation of New Zealand soils. We identified 4 soil attributes that are well represented in the national soils database and are most likely to control structural vulnerability: (i) stabilising short-range-order oxy-hydroxides of aluminium and iron as estimated by phosphate retention, (ii) total organic carbon content, (iii) clay content, and (iv) wetness. The 4 attributes were standardised and transformed and a simple structural vulnerability index (SV) was devised. We determined SV for all mineral soils in the national soils database. The results provide a ranking of soil groups according to their structural vulnerability. We concluded that the index may be used as a first approximation rating of the structural vulnerability of New Zealand soils to aid resource management.
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Mratinić, E., B. Popovski, T. Milošević, and M. Popovska. " Evaluation of apricot fruit quality and correlations between physical and chemical attributes." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 29, No. 2 (2011): 161–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/203/2010-cjfs.
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The fruit of apricot (Prunus armeniaca L., Rosaceae) has been used as food in FYR Macedonia since a long time ago. The chemical organic matters from the fruit is a kind material for food processing and has potential nutritional, medical and commercial values. The results based on fruit physical and chemical analyses clearly showed that different apricot genotypes have very important contents of soluble solids, individual sugars, and titratable acidity in limited soil and climatic conditions. In addition, the contents of these chemical compounds in some genotypes were higher than those in the control cultivar Hungarian Best. Using the PC analysis (PC1 = 32.13%, PC2 = 22.86%, and PC3 = 18.32%), apricot genotypes were separated into groups with similar physical and chemical attributes. These relationships may help to select a set of genotypes with better fruit quality performances which, in our study, might be indicated in DL-1/1/04, DL-1/2/03, D-1/04 and K-5/04.
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Cortez, Jorge W., Egas J. Armando, Anamari Viegas de A. Motomiya, Sonia A. Rodrigues, and Eduardo A. Gonçalves. "SOIL PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTES BEFORE AND AFTER MANAGEMENT UNDER SOWING FORWARD SPEED." Engenharia Agrícola 39, no. 5 (2019): 607–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-4430-eng.agric.v39n5p607-615/2019.
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Arcoverde, Sálvio N. S., Cristiano M. A. de Souza, Leidy Z. L. Rafull, Jorge W. Cortez, and Roberto C. Orlando. "SOYBEAN AGRONOMIC PERFORMANCE AND SOIL PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTES UNDER TRACTOR TRAFFIC INTENSITIES." Engenharia Agrícola 40, no. 1 (2020): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-4430-eng.agric.v40n1p113-120/2020.
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Siqueira, Glecio Machado, Sidney Rosa Viera, Luiza Honora Pierre, and Celia Regina Grego. "SPATIAL VARIABILITY OF RUBBER TREE DENDROMETRICS CHARACTERISTICS AND SOIL PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTES." Journal of Geospatial Modelling 2, no. 2 (2017): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.22615/2526-1746-jgm-2.2-7856.
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Wanderson, Mendes Martins, Grillo Neves Leonarda, Lana Araújo Kelly, et al. "Soil hydro-physical attributes under management practices for pineapple genotypes cultivation." African Journal of Agricultural Research 14, no. 12 (2019): 652–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajar2016.11452.
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Cucunubá-Melo, J. L., J. G. Álvarez-Herrera, and J. H. Camacho-Tamayo. "IDENTIFICATION OF AGRONOMIC MANAGEMENT UNITS BASED ON PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTES OF SOIL." Journal of soil science and plant nutrition 11, no. 1 (2011): 87–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0718-95162011000100008.
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Tavares, Uilka Elisa, Mário Monteiro Rolim, Veronildo Souza de Oliveira, Elvira Maria Regis Pedrosa, Glécio Machado Siqueira, and Adriana Guedes Magalhães. "Spatial Dependence of Physical Attributes and Mechanical Properties of Ultisol in a Sugarcane Field." Scientific World Journal 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/531231.
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This study investigates the effect of conventional tillage and application of the monoculture of sugar cane on soil health. Variables like density, moisture, texture, consistency limits, and preconsolidation stress were taken as indicators of soil quality. The measurements were made at a 120 × 120 m field cropped with sugar cane under conventional tillage. The objective of this work was to characterize the soil and to study the spatial dependence of the physical and mechanical attributes. Then, undisturbed soil samples were collected to measure bulk density, moisture content and preconsolidation stress and disturbed soil samples for classification of soil texture, and consistency limits. The soil texture indicated that soil can be characterized as sandy clay soil and a sandy clay loam soil, and the consistency limits indicated that the soil presents an inorganic low plasticity clay. The preconsolidation tests tillage in soil moisture content around 19% should be avoided or should be chosen a management of soil with lighter vehicles in this moisture content, to avoid risk of compaction. Using geostatistical techniques mapping was possible to identify areas of greatest conservation soil and greater disturbance of the ground.