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Journal articles on the topic 'Soil physico-chemistry'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Guigue, J., J. Lévêque, O. Mathieu, et al. "Water-extractable organic matter linked to soil physico-chemistry and microbiology at the regional scale." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 84 (May 2015): 158–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.02.016.

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2

Bendra, Brahim, Sanaa Fetouani, Xavier Laffray, Marnik Vanclooster, Mohamed Sbaa, and Lotfi Aleya. "EFFECTS OF IRRIGATION ON SOIL PHYSICO-CHEMISTRY: A CASE STUDY OF THE TRIFFA PLAIN (MOROCCO)." Irrigation and Drainage 61, no. 4 (2012): 507–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ird.688.

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3

Whalen, Joann K., Shamim Gul, Vincent Poirier, et al. "Transforming plant carbon into soil carbon: Process-level controls on carbon sequestration." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 94, no. 6 (2014): 1065–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps2013-145.

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Whalen, J. K., Gul, S., Poirier, V., Yanni, S. F., Simpson, M. J., Clemente, J. S., Feng, X., Grayston, S. J., Barker, J., Gregorich, E. G., Angers, D. A., Rochette, P. and Janzen, H. H. 2014. Transforming plant carbon into soil carbon: Process-level controls on carbon sequestration. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 1065–1073. Plants figure prominently in efforts to promote C sequestration in agricultural soils, and to mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The objective of the project was to measure the transformations of plant carbon in soil through controlled laboratory experiments, to further understand (1) root-associated CO2 and N2O production during a plant's life cycle, (2) decomposition of plant residues leading to CO2 production, and (3) stabilization and retention of undecomposed plant residues and microbial by-products in the resistant soil C fraction. Experimental plant materials included transgenic near isolines of Zea mays L. and cell wall mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana, selected for their diverse residue chemistry. Phenology, morphology and above-ground biomass affected soil respiration and N2O production in root-associated soils. Mineralization of C and N from incubated plant–soil mixtures was complemented with stable isotope tracing (13C, 15N) and 13C-phospholipid fatty acid analysis. Advanced chemical techniques such as nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and physical separation (particle size and density separation) were used to track the transformations of plant C into stable soil C compounds. Conceptual models were proposed to explain how the plant residue chemistry×soil physico-chemical interaction affects C sequestration. Incorporating single gene mutations affecting lignin biosynthesis into agricultural and bioenergy crops has the potential to alter short- and long-term C cycling in agroecosystems.

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4

Marañón, T., C. M. Navarro-Fernández, M. T. Domínguez, P. Madejón, and J. M. Murillo. "How the soil chemical composition is affected by seven tree species planted at a contaminated and remediated site." Web Ecology 15, no. 1 (2015): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/we-15-45-2015.

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Abstract. Trees modify the physico-chemical and biological properties of the soil underneath. Here we present results for seven tree species planted at a site that was contaminated by a mine spill – after which soil was cleaned up and remediated – and later was afforested. We studied the chemical composition (24 elements) in five ecosystem compartments (leaves, forest floor, roots, topsoil and deep soil). The variation in chemical concentration was highest at the level of canopy leaves and lowest at deep soil. The identity of tree species significantly affected the composition of all elements in the canopies but none in the deep soil underneath. Although the observed tree effects on topsoil chemistry were weak, the footprint is expected to be reinforced with age of the plantation, contributing to the phytostabilization of contaminating elements and to the carbon sequestration.

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5

Poch, R. M., B. P. Thomas, R. W. Fitzpatrick, and R. H. Merry. "Micromorphological evidence for mineral weathering pathways in a coastal acid sulfate soil sequence with Mediterranean-type climate, South Australia." Soil Research 47, no. 4 (2009): 403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr07015.

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Soil micromorphology, using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), was used to describe detailed soil morphological and compositional changes and determine mineral weathering pathways in acid sulfate soils (ASS) from the following 2 contrasting coastal environments in Barker Inlet, South Australia: (i) a tidal mangrove forest with sulfidic material at St Kilda, and (ii) a former supratidal samphire area at Gillman that was drained in 1954 causing sulfuric material to form from sulfidic material. Pyrite framboids and cubes were identified in sulfidic material from both sites and are associated with sapric and hemic materials. Gypsum crystals, interpreted as a product of sulfide oxidation, were observed to have formed in lenticular voids within organic matter in the tidal mangrove soils at St Kilda. Sulfide oxidation was extensive in the drained soil at Gillman, evidenced by the formation of iron oxyhydroxide pseudomorphs (goethite crystallites and framboids) after pyrite and jarosite, and of gypsum crystals. Gypsum crystals occur where a local source of calcium such as shells or calcareous sand is present. Sporadic oxidation episodes are indicated by the formation of iron oxide and jarosite coatings around coarse biogenic voids. These observations indicate that mineral transformation pathways are strongly influenced by soil physico-chemical characteristics (i.e. oxidation rate, Eh, pH, soil solution chemistry, mineralogy, and spatial distribution of sulfides). This information has been used to illustrate the interrelationships of pyrite, carbonate, gypsum, jarosite, and organic matter and help predict soil evolution under changing hydro-geochemical, redoximorphic, and thermal conditions in soils from coastal environments.

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6

Lee, Byung Jin, Seung Ho Jeon, Shin Woo Lee, Hyun Sik Chun, and Young Son Cho. "Soil Physico-Chemistry and Saponins Content of Platycodon grandiflorum Radix Cultured from Different Sites in Gyeongnam Province." Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science 22, no. 6 (2014): 463–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.7783/kjmcs.2014.22.6.463.

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7

Zabarte-Maeztu, Iñigo, Fleur E. Matheson, Merilyn Manley-Harris, Robert J. Davies-Colley, Megan Oliver, and Ian Hawes. "Effects of Fine Sediment on Seagrass Meadows: A Case Study of Zostera muelleri in Pāuatahanui Inlet, New Zealand." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 9 (2020): 645. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8090645.

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Seagrass meadows are vulnerable to fine sediment (mud) pollution, with impacts usually attributed to reduction in submerged light. Here we tested two non-exclusive hypotheses, that mud particles (<63 µm) impact seagrasses through both (1) the light climate and (2) changes in substrate physico-chemistry. We tested these hypotheses in Pāuatahanui Inlet, New Zealand, by comparing seagrass presence, abundance, and health, together with light climate and substrate physico-chemistry at contrasting habitats where (1) seagrass used to thrive but no longer grows (historical seagrass), (2) seagrass still persists (existing seagrass) and (3) seagrass has been present recently, but not currently (potential seagrass). Historical seagrass substrate had significantly higher mud (35% average), bulk density (1.5 g cm−3), porewater ammonium concentration (65 µM), and a more reduced redox profile (negative redox at only 2 cm soil depth) as well as a lower light availability when submerged compared to other habitats, while total daily light exposure differed little between habitats. This suggests that failure of seagrass to recolonize historical seagrass habitat reflects substrate muddiness and consequent unfavorable rhizosphere conditions. Our results provide evidence for the multi-stressor effects of fine sediment on seagrasses, with substrate suitability for seagrass being detrimentally affected even where light exposure seems sufficient.

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8

Demetriades, A., C. Reimann, M. Birke, et al. "GEOCHEMICAL ATLASES OF EUROPE PRODUCED BY THE EUROGEOSURVEYS GEOCHEMISTRY EXPERT GROUP: STATE OF PROGRESS AND POTENTIAL USES." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 43, no. 5 (2017): 2350. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.11635.

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An ‘Atlas’ is a collection of maps usually published in a book form. A ‘Geochemical Atlas’ is a thematic special purpose atlas with maps describing the geographical distribution of chemical elements and other physico-chemical parameters in different natural sample media, such as stream sediment, overbank or floodplain sediment, stream water, ground water, soil, plants, etc. Because our standard of living and health depend closely on the chemistry of near-surface materials, such atlases that provide data on the state of our environment are important for policy and decision makers, but also for researchers and citizens alike. The EuroGeoSurveys Geochemistry Expert Group is dedicated to provide harmonised multi-purpose geochemical data bases, and has already published the Geochemical Atlas of Europe, and is in the process of preparing the Atlas of Ground water Geochemistry of Europe, and the Atlas of Agricultural and Grazing Land Soils. An important aspect is that all raw data, quality control information, statistics, maps and interpretation texts are freely available for downloading through the internet.

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9

Rousseau, Guillaume X., Sylvie Rioux, and Daniel Dostaler. "Multivariate effects of plant canopy, soil physico-chemistry and microbiology on Sclerotinia stem rot of soybean in relation to crop rotation and urban compost amendment." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 38, no. 12 (2006): 3325–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.04.054.

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10

Robertson, Andy D., Keith Paustian, Stephen Ogle, Matthew D. Wallenstein, Emanuele Lugato, and M. Francesca Cotrufo. "Unifying soil organic matter formation and persistence frameworks: the MEMS model." Biogeosciences 16, no. 6 (2019): 1225–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1225-2019.

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Abstract. Soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics in ecosystem-scale biogeochemical models have traditionally been simulated as immeasurable fluxes between conceptually defined pools. This greatly limits how empirical data can be used to improve model performance and reduce the uncertainty associated with their predictions of carbon (C) cycling. Recent advances in our understanding of the biogeochemical processes that govern SOM formation and persistence demand a new mathematical model with a structure built around key mechanisms and biogeochemically relevant pools. Here, we present one approach that aims to address this need. Our new model (MEMS v1.0) is developed from the Microbial Efficiency-Matrix Stabilization framework, which emphasizes the importance of linking the chemistry of organic matter inputs with efficiency of microbial processing and ultimately with the soil mineral matrix, when studying SOM formation and stabilization. Building on this framework, MEMS v1.0 is also capable of simulating the concept of C saturation and represents decomposition processes and mechanisms of physico-chemical stabilization to define SOM formation into four primary fractions. After describing the model in detail, we optimize four key parameters identified through a variance-based sensitivity analysis. Optimization employed soil fractionation data from 154 sites with diverse environmental conditions, directly equating mineral-associated organic matter and particulate organic matter fractions with corresponding model pools. Finally, model performance was evaluated using total topsoil (0–20 cm) C data from 8192 forest and grassland sites across Europe. Despite the relative simplicity of the model, it was able to accurately capture general trends in soil C stocks across extensive gradients of temperature, precipitation, annual C inputs and soil texture. The novel approach that MEMS v1.0 takes to simulate SOM dynamics has the potential to improve our forecasts of how soils respond to management and environmental perturbation. Ensuring these forecasts are accurate is key to effectively informing policy that can address the sustainability of ecosystem services and help mitigate climate change.

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11

Camino-Serrano, Marta, Elisabeth Graf Pannatier, Sara Vicca, et al. "Trends in soil solution dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations across European forests." Biogeosciences 13, no. 19 (2016): 5567–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5567-2016.

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Abstract. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in surface waters is connected to DOC in soil solution through hydrological pathways. Therefore, it is expected that long-term dynamics of DOC in surface waters reflect DOC trends in soil solution. However, a multitude of site studies have failed so far to establish consistent trends in soil solution DOC, whereas increasing concentrations in European surface waters over the past decades appear to be the norm, possibly as a result of recovery from acidification. The objectives of this study were therefore to understand the long-term trends of soil solution DOC from a large number of European forests (ICP Forests Level II plots) and determine their main physico-chemical and biological controls. We applied trend analysis at two levels: (1) to the entire European dataset and (2) to the individual time series and related trends with plot characteristics, i.e., soil and vegetation properties, soil solution chemistry and atmospheric deposition loads. Analyses of the entire dataset showed an overall increasing trend in DOC concentrations in the organic layers, but, at individual plots and depths, there was no clear overall trend in soil solution DOC. The rate change in soil solution DOC ranged between −16.8 and +23 % yr−1 (median = +0.4 % yr−1) across Europe. The non-significant trends (40 %) outnumbered the increasing (35 %) and decreasing trends (25 %) across the 97 ICP Forests Level II sites. By means of multivariate statistics, we found increasing trends in DOC concentrations with increasing mean nitrate (NO3−) deposition and increasing trends in DOC concentrations with decreasing mean sulfate (SO42−) deposition, with the magnitude of these relationships depending on plot deposition history. While the attribution of increasing trends in DOC to the reduction of SO42− deposition could be confirmed in low to medium N deposition areas, in agreement with observations in surface waters, this was not the case in high N deposition areas. In conclusion, long-term trends of soil solution DOC reflected the interactions between controls acting at local (soil and vegetation properties) and regional (atmospheric deposition of SO42− and inorganic N) scales.

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12

Mäki, Mari, Jussi Heinonsalo, Heidi Hellén, and Jaana Bäck. "Contribution of understorey vegetation and soil processes to boreal forest isoprenoid exchange." Biogeosciences 14, no. 5 (2017): 1055–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-1055-2017.

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Abstract. Boreal forest floor emits biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) from the understorey vegetation and the heterogeneous soil matrix, where the interactions of soil organisms and soil chemistry are complex. Earlier studies have focused on determining the net exchange of VOCs from the forest floor. This study goes one step further, with the aim of separately determining whether the photosynthesized carbon allocation to soil affects the isoprenoid production by different soil organisms, i.e., decomposers, mycorrhizal fungi, and roots. In each treatment, photosynthesized carbon allocation through roots for decomposers and mycorrhizal fungi was controlled by either preventing root ingrowth (50 µm mesh size) or the ingrowth of roots and fungi (1 µm mesh) into the soil volume, which is called the trenching approach. Isoprenoid fluxes were measured using dynamic (steady-state flow-through) chambers from the different treatments. This study aimed to analyze how important the understorey vegetation is as a VOC sink. Finally, a statistical model was constructed based on prevailing temperature, seasonality, trenching treatments, understory vegetation cover, above canopy photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), soil water content, and soil temperature to estimate isoprenoid fluxes. The final model included parameters with a statistically significant effect on the isoprenoid fluxes. The results show that the boreal forest floor emits monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and isoprene. Monoterpenes were the most common group of emitted isoprenoids, and the average flux from the non-trenched forest floor was 23 µg m−2 h−1. The results also show that different biological factors, including litterfall, carbon availability, biological activity in the soil, and physico-chemical processes, such as volatilization and absorption to the surfaces, are important at various times of the year. This study also discovered that understorey vegetation is a strong sink of monoterpenes. The statistical model, based on prevailing temperature, seasonality, vegetation effect, and the interaction of these parameters, explained 43 % of the monoterpene fluxes, and 34–46 % of individual α-pinene, camphene, β-pinene, and Δ3-carene fluxes.

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13

Ndimele, P. E., and C. A. Kumolu-Joh. "Preliminary Study on Physico-chemistry and Comparative Morphometric Characterisation of Cynothrissa mento (Regan, 1917) from Ologe, Badagry and Epe Lagoons, Lagos, Nigeria." International Journal of Agricultural Research 6, no. 10 (2011): 736–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ijar.2011.736.746.

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14

HEGAZY, AHMAD K. "Plant succession and its optimization on tar-polluted coasts in the Arabian Gulf region." Environmental Conservation 24, no. 2 (1997): 149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892997000210.

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Coastal ecosystems in the Arabian Gulf region are under increasing pressures from hostilities and other developmental activities; the region has a long history of crude-oil pollution. Because of the high ambient temperature, oil deposited along the coastline or inland evaporates, leaving a semi-solid tar. In Qatar, to clean up the polluted sites, the deposited tar is stripped off and dumped in the coastal marshes as confluent dome-shaped piles. Flowering plant colonization of tar-piles is described here as a chrono-sequence, ranging in age from 2 to 14 years. The successional patterns in vegetation, seed bank, species diversity and plant growth were predicted from tar-pile disturbances with different ages and tar content. The success of natural plant colonization and the establishment of plant communities on the tar-pile disturbances depend upon: (1) age of the tar-pile disturbances, (2) tar content of the piles and soil physico-chemical properties, (3) soil moisture content, (4) structure of plant communities in the surrounding landscape, (5) size of the disposal sites and the method of dumping, and (6) prevailing environmental conditions. A management and restoration framework is proposed to optimize the natural recolonization of tar-piles. To retain these ecosystems in a self-sustaining state, some native plant species might be used including: Aeloropus lagopoides, Aizoon canariense, Anabasis setifera, Fagonia indica, Mesembryanthemum nodiflorum, Reichardia tingitana, Salsola imbricata, Suaeda aegyptiaca, Senecio glaucus, Sporobolus arabicus, Zygophyllum quatarense, and Zygophyllum simplex. To clarify the biological and chemical aspects of the problem, further research on the chemistry of tar-polluted soil and its vegetation in relation to the food web is needed.

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15

Szarek-Gwiazda, Ewa, Grażyna Mazurkiewicz-Boroń, Robert Gwiazda, and Jan Urban. "Chemical variability of water and sediment over time and along a mountain river subjected to natural and human impact." Knowledge & Management of Aquatic Ecosystems, no. 419 (2018): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/kmae/2017056.

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We studied the variability of physico-chemical parameters in water, and heavy metal contents in water and sediment over time and along the Carpathian Biała Tarnowska River (southern Poland) and related them to catchment geology, human impact and the effect of barriers as a side aspect. The river water was well oxygenated, had pH 7.7–9.5 and was characterised by low and average flow. Temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen did not change significantly, while the contents of major ions, NO3−, NH4+, Mn and Fe increased gradually along the river. The major ion contents were negatively, and nitrate, Mn, and Fe positively, correlated with the flow. We recognise correlations between nitrate, Fe and Mn to be good indicators of soil erosion processes in the catchment. River sediment was unpolluted by most of the studied metals (slightly polluted by Ni and Cd). The differences in the values of some parameters (pH and NH4+, PO43−, HCO3−, Mn, Cd and Pb concentrations) in the water, and heavy metals in the sediment upstream and downstream of some of the barriers were determined. Spatiotemporal changes in the values of studied parameters and the results of statistical calculation indicate the impact of human activity in the catchment basin (land use, wastewater) on the water chemistry.

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16

Crapart, Camille, Tom Andersen, Dag Olav Hessen, Nicolas Valiente, and Rolf David Vogt. "Factors Governing Biodegradability of Dissolved Natural Organic Matter in Lake Water." Water 13, no. 16 (2021): 2210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13162210.

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Dissolved Natural Organic Matter (DNOM) is a heterogeneous mixture of partly degraded, oxidised and resynthesised organic compounds of terrestrial or aquatic origin. In the boreal biome, it plays a central role in element cycling and practically all biogeochemical processes governing the physico-chemistry of surface waters. Because it plays a central role in multiple aquatic processes, especially microbial respiration, an improved understanding of the biodegradability of the DNOM in surface water is needed. Here the current study, we used a relatively cheap and non-laborious analytical method to determine the biodegradability of DNOM, based on the rate and the time lapse at which it is decomposed. This was achieved by monitoring the rate of oxygen consumption during incubation with addition of nutrients. A synoptic method study, using a set of lake water samples from southeast Norway, showed that the maximum respiration rate (RR) and the normalised RR (respiration rate per unit of carbon) of the DNOM in the lakes varied significantly. This RR is conceived as a proxy for the biodegradability of the DNOM. The sUVa of the DNOM and the C:N ratio were the main predictors of the RR. This implies that the biodegradability of DNOM in these predominantly oligotrophic and dystrophic lake waters was mainly governed by their molecular size and aromaticity, in addition to its C:N ratio in the same manner as found for soil organic matter. The normalised RR (independently of the overall concentration of DOC) was predicted by the molecular weight and by the origin of the organic matter. The duration of the first phase of rapid biodegradation of the DNOM (BdgT) was found to be higher in lakes with a mixture of autochthonous and allochthonous DNOM, in addition to the amount of biodegradable DNOM.

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17

Epp, Tatjana, Michael A. W. Marks, Thomas Ludwig, et al. "Crystallographic and fluid compositional effects on the halogen (Cl, F, Br, I) incorporation in pyromorphite-group minerals." American Mineralogist 104, no. 11 (2019): 1673–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/am-2019-7068.

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Abstract Pyromorphite-group minerals (PyGM), mainly pyromorphite [Pb5(PO4)3Cl], mimetite [Pb5(AsO4)3Cl], and vanadinite [Pb5(VO4)3Cl], are common phases that form by supergene weathering of galena. Their formation is strongly influenced by processes at the Earth's surface and in the soil overlying a lead deposit, and they incorporate high amounts of halogens, mostly Cl and, in some cases, F. The abundance of Br and I in natural PyGM and their potential as process tracers during surface and sub-surface fluid-rock interaction processes has not been investigated in detail due to analytical difficulties. We, therefore, developed methods for the simultaneous determination of Cl, F, Br, and I in PyGM for (1) powdered bulk samples via combustion ion chromatography (CIC) and (2) compositionally zoned crystals by means of secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). Our study is based on well-characterized samples of pyromorphite (N = 38), mimetite (N = 16), and vanadinite (N = 2) from Schwarzwald (Germany). Natural pyromorphite incorporates more I (up to 26 μg/g) than mimetite (up to 2 μg/g) and vanadinite (up to 1 μg/g), while Br contents are higher in mimetite (up to 20 μg/g) and vanadinite (up to 13 μg/g) compared to pyromorphite (less than 4 μg/g). These results are unexpected, as mimetite and vanadinite have longer As/V-O bonds giving them larger unit cells and larger polyhedral volumes for the Cl site in the Pb26 octahedron than pyromorphite. Accordingly, pyromorphite was expected to preferentially incorporate Br rather than I, but the opposite is observed. Hence, halogen chemistry of PyGM is probably not governed by a crystal-chemical control (alone) but by fluid composition. However, the exact reasons remain enigmatic. This idea is corroborated by spatially resolved SIMS analyses that show that many pyromorphite-group minerals are strongly zoned with respect to their halogen mass ratios (e.g., Br/Cl, Br/I mass ratios). Furthermore, variations in halogen abundance ratios do not correlate with Ca/Pb, P/As, or P/V ratios and therefore may record alternating and season-dependent environmental parameters including biological activity, vegetation density, physico-chemical soil properties, and rainfall rate. We suggest that the zonation reflects multiple single fluid flow episodes and, hence, records surface processes. However, further experiments concerning the fractionation of halogens between fluid and PyGM are needed before halogen ratios in pyromorphite-group minerals can be used as reliable monitors of fluid-driven processes.

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Panda, Bibhu Prasad, Manas Barik, Biswajita Mahapatra, Siba Prasad Parida, Aditya Kishore Dash, and Abanti Pradhan. "Relationship Among the Physico-Chemical Parameters of Soil and Water in Different Wetland Ecosystems." Asian Journal of Chemistry 32, no. 7 (2020): 1681–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2020.22616.

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The quality of life in water bodies depends on their physico-chemical properties and biodiversity. These physico-chemical properties are being disturbed by continuous addition of industrial, municipal and agricultural wastes which make them unfit for different organisms. This study describes the physico-chemical factors in soil and water of all sampled wetlands and the relationship among them in wetland ecosystem. All these analysis were done by using analytical techniques as described by standard methods for examination of water and wastewater. Physico-chemical parameters of water and soil also interlinked and correlated among each other. Sometimes these parameters work as a cycle to maintain the equilibrium in the ecosystem. Higher level of research work is needed to control the source of pollution to wetlands. By controlling the physico-chemical parameters of habitat, the diversity, density and richness of various wetland dependent species can be controlled in wetland ecosystem.

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19

Davis, John W. "Physico-chemical factors influencing ethyleneamine sorption to soil." Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 12, no. 1 (1993): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620120105.

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Diko, ML, and CNSé Diko. "Physico-Chemistry Of Geophagic Soils Ingested To Relief Nausea And Vomiting During Pregnancy." African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines 11, no. 3 (2014): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ajtcam.v11i3.4.

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21

Marchesini, Barbara, Paolo Stefano Garofalo, Luca Menegon, Jussi Mattila, and Giulio Viola. "Fluid-mediated, brittle–ductile deformation at seismogenic depth – Part 1: Fluid record and deformation history of fault veins in a nuclear waste repository (Olkiluoto Island, Finland)." Solid Earth 10, no. 3 (2019): 809–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-10-809-2019.

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Abstract. The dynamic evolution of fault zones at the seismogenic brittle–ductile transition zone (BDTZ) expresses the delicate interplay between numerous physical and chemical processes. Deformation and fluid flow at the BDTZ are closely related and mutually dependent during repeating and transient cycles of frictional and viscous deformation. Despite numerous studies documenting in detail seismogenic faults exhumed from the BDTZ, uncertainties remain as to the exact role of fluids in facilitating broadly coeval brittle and ductile deformation at that structural level. We combine structural analysis, fluid inclusion, and mineral chemistry data from synkinematic and authigenic minerals to reconstruct the temporal variations in fluid pressure (Pf), temperature (T), and bulk composition (X) of the fluids that mediated deformation and steered strain localization along BFZ300, a strike–slip fault originally active at the BDTZ. BFZ300 deforms the Paleoproterozoic migmatitic basement of southwestern Finland and hosts in its core two laterally continuous quartz veins formed by two texturally distinct types of quartz – Qtz I and Qtz II, with Qtz I older than Qtz II. Veins within the damage zone are formed exclusively by Qtz I. Mesostructural and microstructural analysis combined with fluid compositional data indicate recurrent cycles of mutually overprinting brittle and ductile deformation triggered by oscillations of fluid pressure peaking at 210 MPa. Fluid inclusion microthermometry and mineral pair geothermometry indicate that the two documented quartz types precipitated from different fluid batches, with bulk salinities in the 1 wt % NaCleq–5 wt % NaCleq range for Qtz I and in the 6 wt % NaCleq–11 wt % NaCleq range for Qtz II. The temperature of the fluids involved with initial strain localization and later fault reactivation evolved through time from > 350 ∘C during Qtz I precipitation to < 300 ∘C at the time of Qtz II crystallization. The peak fluid pressure estimates constrain pore pressure oscillations between 80 and 210 MPa during the recorded faulting episodes. Our results suggest variability of the physico-chemical conditions of the fluids steering deformation (Pf, T, X), reflecting the ingress and effects of multiple batches of fluid in the fault zone. Initial fluid-mediated embrittlement generated a diffuse network of joints and/or hybrid–shear fractures in the damage zone; subsequent strain localization led to more localized deformation within the fault core. Localization was guided by cyclically increasing fluid pressure and transient embrittlement of a system that was otherwise under overall ductile conditions. Our analysis suggests that fluid overpressure at the BDTZ can play a key role in the initial embrittlement of the deforming rock and steer subsequent strain localization.

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Asubiojo, O. I., and F. M. Adebiyi. "Effects of Bitumen Deposit on Soil Physico-Chemical Characteristics." Soil and Sediment Contamination: An International Journal 20, no. 2 (2011): 142–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15320383.2011.546441.

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23

Zhao, Wenqiang, Xing Liu, Qiaoyun Huang, and Peng Cai. "Streptococcus suis sorption on agricultural soils: Role of soil physico-chemical properties." Chemosphere 119 (January 2015): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.05.060.

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Bora, Pronil Kumar, Sanjib Chetry, Dharmendra Kumar Sharma, and Palash Moni Saikia. "Distribution Pattern of Some Heavy Metals in the Soil of Silghat Region of Assam (India), Influenced by Jute Mill Solid Waste." Journal of Chemistry 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/609203.

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Physico-chemical Analysis of the soil of Silghat region of Nagoan district of Assam, India was carried out to assess the possible effect of jute mill solid waste in the distribution pattern of some heavy metals. Soil samples were collected from ten different locations of the dumping site of the mill and their physico-chemical parameters were analyzed. Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX) and Inductively coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICP-OES) analysis of the samples shows that soil of the dumping sites is highly enriched with heavy metals. The concentration of Fe, Cu, Zn and Pb in the contaminated soil was found to be very much higher than both the continental crust and world rock average values. Correlation studies indicate strong positive correlation between organic carbon content (Corg) with all the metals investigated. pH has negative correlation while positive correlation was observed for electrical conductivity with all the metals. Extent of metal contamination was assessed by determining contamination degree (CD) and pollution load index (PLI).

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Carpa, Rahela, Vasile-Daniel Gherman, Mihail Dr�gan-Bularda, Marilena Motoc, and Elena Ana Pauncu. "Physico-chemical and Bacteriological Characterization of the Soil Types from Various Altitudinal Vegetation Zones in Par�ng Mountains." Revista de Chimie 59, no. 9 (2008): 1057–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.08.9.1968.

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There were collected soil samples from various vegetation sites and altitudinal vegetation zones of the Par�ng Mountains, from the South-Eastern part of the Hunedoara county, and they were analysed from the physico-chemical and bacteriological point of view. The chemical analyses consisted in the appreciation of the reaction of the soil (pH), in establishing the humus and total nitrogen content. According to these analyses, the soil is generally acid and presents normal nitrogen content. In order to establish the soil type and classes existing in the Par�ng Mountain, the chemical analyses were completed with physical analyses of the soil texture sampled from various altitudinal zones, determining the following soil classes: the Umbrisol Class, the Spodisol Class, the Cambisol Class and the Protisol Class. The bacteriological analyses consisted in the study of the abundance, of the dynamics, diversity and ecological significance on the groups of bacteria involved in the biogeochemical cycles of nitrogen (aerobic mesophilic heterotrophs, ammonifiers, denitrifiers, nitrate bacteria and nitrite bacteria and aerobic, free, nitrogen fixing-bacteria from Azotobacter genus) from the mountainous soils. Based on the obtained results there was also calculated the bacterial indicator of the soils biological quality (BISQ) for each type of soil in each altitudinal vegetation zones.

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Chanda, M., S. Jha, D. Mukhopadhyay, and M. Pandey. "Characterization of Humic Acid and Fulvic Acid Extracted from Soil Samples of Cultivated Areas of North Bengal and Sikkim States, India." Asian Journal of Chemistry 33, no. 1 (2020): 62–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2021.22931.

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Humic acid and fulvic acid extracted from soils of cultivated areas, collected from Majitar, Darjeeling and Pundibari cities were first isolated, purified and then characterized for the physico-chemical properties (oxidizable organic carbon, electrical conductivity, pH, phosphorus, nitrogen, potassium, CEC, etc.). The physico-chemical studies showed that soils were neutral to acidic but are independent of altitude. Organic carbon, available phosphorus, nitrogen were higher with soil of Majitar city. The total acidity, carboxylic group, phenolic -OH group were higher in fulvic acid than in humic acid. Further, both acids were characterized by potentiometric titration, viscometric measurement, surface tension and spectral analysis. The humification index (E4/E6) of fulvic acid was relatively higher than humic acid. The highest molecular weight of humic acid and fulvic acid were recorded 13645.83 and 1465.54, respectively.

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Djordjevic, Tamara, Milica Kasanin-Grubin, Gordana Gajica, et al. "Fruska gora mountainous environments - assessing the impact of geological setting and land use on soil properties." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 81, no. 4 (2016): 459–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc151014001d.

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On a global scale, it has been found that in the last decades the surface of the vulnerable land and land affected by degradation is increasing and that unsustainable land management is one of the key drivers of land degradation. In order to assess the effect that these changes have on biodiversity and ecosystem services, and to carry out the appropriate planning and management actions for conserving the environment it is essential to identify and quantify changes caused by land degradation. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of geological setting i.e. type of bedrock, and land use on soil physico-chemical properties in vulnerable mountainous areas of Fruskagora. For the purpose of this study the total of 30 soil samples at 0-20 cm depth were collected at four locations on the Fruskagora Mt. Geological setting was serpentinite and marl and land cover was forest and meadow. Following soil properties were determined: pH, redox potential (Eh), electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), concentrations of available cations Ca, Mg, K, Na, contents of organic carbon (Corg) and nitrogen (N). The correlation between the obtained parameters was tested with two-way ANOVA and Principal Component Analyses (PCA). All of the obtained results indicate that the soil physico-chemical properties depend on geological setting and that rock composition has to be taken into consideration during land management.

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Parvathy, Prabha C., Alummoottil N. Jyothi, K. Susan John, and Janardhanan Sreekumar. "Cassava Starch Based Superabsorbent Polymer as Soil Conditioner: Impact on Soil Physico-Chemical and Biological Properties and Plant Growth." CLEAN - Soil, Air, Water 42, no. 11 (2014): 1610–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/clen.201300143.

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Rehrah, D., R. R. Bansode, O. Hassan, and M. Ahmedna. "Physico-chemical characterization of biochars from solid municipal waste for use in soil amendment." Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 118 (March 2016): 42–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2015.12.022.

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30

Gennari, Mara, Alessandro Cignetti, and Michéle Négre. "Determination of Tolclofos-Methyl in Soil and Lettuce by Gas Chromatography." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 80, no. 6 (1997): 1298–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/80.6.1298.

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Abstract Two simple methods for the determination of tolclofos-methyl in soil and lettuce are presented. Soil samples were extracted with a methanol–water solution (9 + 1, v/v). The extract was cleaned up on a LC C18 SPE cartridge. The method was tested on 4 soils having very different physico-chemical characteristics and gave recoveries &gt; 70% and a determination limit of 0.02 mg/kg soil. Lettuce samples were extracted with n-hexane. The extract was cleaned up on florisil SPE cartridges. The recoveries were &gt; 83% and the determination limit was 0.01 mg/kg lettuce.

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Saad, Ramez F., Ahmad Kobaissi, Guillaume Echevarria, et al. "Influence of new agromining cropping systems on soil bacterial diversity and the physico-chemical characteristics of an ultramafic soil." Science of The Total Environment 645 (December 2018): 380–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.106.

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32

Gros, Raphaël, Jérôme Poulenard, Lucile Jocteur Monrozier, and Pierre Faivre. "Soil physico-chemical changes following application of municipal solid waste leachates to grasslands." Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 169, no. 1-4 (2006): 81–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11270-006-1563-z.

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33

Javorská, Hana, Pavel Tlustoš, Michael Komárek, Domen Leštan, Regina Kaliszová, and Jiřina Száková. "Effect of ozonation on polychlorinated biphenyl degradation and on soil physico-chemical properties." Journal of Hazardous Materials 161, no. 2-3 (2009): 1202–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.04.071.

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34

Sudhakaran, M., D. Ramamoorthy, V. Savitha, and N. Kirubakaran. "Soil Enzyme Activities and Their Relationship with Soil Physico-Chemical Properties and Oxide Minerals in Coastal Agroecosystem of Puducherry." Geomicrobiology Journal 36, no. 5 (2019): 452–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01490451.2019.1570396.

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35

Agarwal, Suraj, Khalid Anwer, Rajesh Khanna, Asgar Ali, and Yasmin Sultana. "Humic acid from Shilajit: A physico-chemical and spectroscopic characterization." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 75, no. 3 (2010): 413–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc090316006a.

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Shilajit is a blackish-brown exudation, consisting of organic substances, metal ions and minerals, from different formations, commonly found in the Himalayan region (1000-3000 m) from Nepal to Kashmir. Shilajit can also be collected throughout the mountain regions in Afghanistan, Bhutan, China, Ural, Baikal, Sayalcacasus and Atlai at altitudes between 1000 to 5000 m. The major physiological action of shilajit has been attributed to the presence of bioactive dibenzo-?-pyrones together with humic and fulvic acids, which act as carrier molecules for the active ingredients. In this work, the aim was to extract humic acid from Shilajit from various sources and characterised these humic acids based on their physico-chemical properties, elemental analysis, UV/Vis and FTIR spectra, X-ray diffraction pattern and DSC thermograms. The spectral features obtained from UV/Vis, FTIR, XRD and DSC studies for samples of different origins showed a distinct similarity amongst themselves and in comparison to soil humic acids. The surfactant properties of the extracted fulvic acids were investigated by determining the effect of increasing concentration on the surface tension of water. The study demonstrated that humic acids extracted from shilajit indeed possessed surfactant properties.

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36

Trejo-González, Nallely, Judith Prieto-Méndez, Yolanda Marmolejo-Santillán, et al. "Displacement of Sodium, Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium and Improvements in a Saline Soil Treated with Organic and Chemical Amendments." Asian Journal of Chemistry 31, no. 12 (2019): 2834–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2019.22228.

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The accumulation of salts in the soil produces conditions that affect the growth of most crops. Currently, soil amendments have been used to improve the texture and chemical & biological reactions of the soil. The objective of this work was to simulate the transport of sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium in columns of saline soil through the use of organic and chemical amendments. Saline soil samples of the municipality of Tlahuelilpan, Hidalgo state, Mexico were studied. Compost, vermicompost, phosphogypsum and malting barley husk were used as amendments. The results showed that the highest metal element removal was obtained with the combined treatment of vermicompost at 4 % and phosphogypsum at 2 % (V4FY2) (59 %). Improvements in soil physico-chemical properties were also observed. These findings indicated that the combination of organic and chemical amendments promotes the leaching of metals, (mainly sodium). Therefore, the amendments evaluated in this study can be a good alternative for the remediation and improvement of saline soils.

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37

Tudor, Emilian, Traian Cioroianu, Carmen Sirbu, Mihail Dumitru, Adriana Grigore, and Lavinia Parvan. "Fertilizer for the Treatment of Iron Chlorosis Physico-chemical and agro-chemical properties." Revista de Chimie 68, no. 1 (2017): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.17.1.5390.

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Iron chlorosis represents a physiological phenomenon with negative impact on the quality and quantity of grape production in the vineyards. The bicarbonates are considered to be the main group of compounds which immobilize the iron in the soil in forms not assimilable by the plants. The grape production in conditions of iron deficiency can be improved significantly by applying foliar fertilizers. The best result in mitigating the effects of iron deficiency were obtained by the application of the fertilizers which, in addition to a complex mineral composition, also have a content of organic matter in the form of humic substances or protein hydrolysate.

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38

Stellacci, Anna Maria, Mirko Castellini, Mariangela Diacono, Roberta Rossi, and Concetta Eliana Gattullo. "Assessment of Soil Quality under Different Soil Management Strategies: Combined Use of Statistical Approaches to Select the Most Informative Soil Physico-Chemical Indicators." Applied Sciences 11, no. 11 (2021): 5099. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11115099.

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Assessment of soil quality under different management practices is crucial for sustainable agricultural production and natural resource use. In this study, different statistical methods (principal component analysis, PCA; stepwise discriminant analysis, SDA; partial least squares regression with VIP statistics, PLSR) were applied to identify the variables that most discriminated soil status under minimum tillage and no-tillage. Data collected in 2015 from a long-term field experiment on durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) were used and twenty soil indicators (chemical, physical and biological) were quantified for the upper soil layer (0–0.20 m). The long-term iteration of different management strategies affected soil quality, showing greater bulk density, relative field capacity (RFC), organic and extractable carbon contents (TOC and TEC) and exchangeable potassium under no-tillage. PCA and SDA confirmed these results and underlined also the role of available phosphorous and organic carbon fractions as variables that most discriminated the treatments investigated. PLSR, including information on plant response (grain yield and protein content), selected, as the most important variables, plant nutrients, soil physical quality indicators, pH and exchangeable cations. The research showed the effectiveness of combining variable selection methods to summarize information deriving from multivariate datasets and improving the understanding of the system investigated. The statistical approaches compared provided different results in terms of variables selected and the ranking of the selected variables. The combined use of the three methods allowed the selection of a smaller number of variables (TOC, TEC, Olsen P, water extractable nitrogen, RFC, macroporosity, air capacity), which were able to provide a clear discrimination between the treatments compared, as shown by the PCA carried out on the reduced dataset. The presence of a response variable in PLSR considerably drove the feature selection process.

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39

Tererai, F., M. Gaertner, S. M. Jacobs, and D. M. Richardson. "Eucalyptus Camaldulensis Invasion in Riparian Zones Reveals Few Significant Effects on Soil Physico-Chemical Properties." River Research and Applications 31, no. 5 (2014): 590–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rra.2762.

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40

Styrishave, Bjarne, Erland Björklund, Anders Johnsen, and Bent Halling-Sørensen. "The Spatial Heterogeneity of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Soil Depends on Their Physico-chemical Properties." Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 223, no. 3 (2011): 969–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11270-011-0916-4.

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41

Tang, Lin, Guongming Zeng, Farshid Nourbakhsh, and Guoli L. Shen. "Artificial Neural Network Approach for Predicting Cation Exchange Capacity in Soil Based on Physico-Chemical Properties." Environmental Engineering Science 26, no. 1 (2009): 137–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/ees.2007.0238.

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42

Rizwan, Nabeel. "Comparison of Adsorption Models for Determining Potassium Behavior in of Some Selected Soil Series." Pakistan Journal of Analytical & Environmental Chemistry 22, no. 1 (2021): 74–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.21743/pjaec/2021.06.09.

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Potassium (K) availability to plants varies with the adsorption characteristics of soil, to evaluate the adsorption capacity, five soil series of different characteristics were used. K adsorption isotherms were performed by equilibrating 2.5 g soil samples with 10 levels of K (30-300 mg kg-1) as KCl in 0.01 CaCl2 solutions and shaken for 24 h at 25oC. The amount of K adsorbed ranged from 33.2 to 94.9% of added K. Freundlich model explained K adsorption behavior better than the other two equations. Higher coefficient of regression values 0.99, 0.97 and 0.96 were recorded in Sultanpur (Silt loam), Naivela (Fine sandy loam) and Bhutesar (Clay loam), respectively. The highest 1/n value 1.54 kg mg-1 and kf value 31.47 mg kg-1 of Freundlich isotherm were observed in Sultanpur (silt loam) due to high pH, high OM and high clay contents, lowest values of constants were observed in Wajan (loamy sand) with 1/n value 0.44 kg mg-1 and kf value 0.28 mg kg-1 might be due to high EC, high CaCO3 and sand contents. The K adsorption of soil varied with physico – chemical characteristics of soil, especially clay content, alkaline pH and organic matter content.

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43

Hayar, S., C. Munier-Lamy, T. Chone, and M. Schiavon. "Physico-chemical versus microbial release of 14c-atrazine bound residues from a loamy clay soil incubated in laboratory microcosms." Chemosphere 34, no. 12 (1997): 2683–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0045-6535(97)00094-5.

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44

Laurent, F., A. Cébron, C. Schwartz, and C. Leyval. "Oxidation of a PAH polluted soil using modified Fenton reaction in unsaturated condition affects biological and physico-chemical properties." Chemosphere 86, no. 6 (2012): 659–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.11.018.

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45

Garau, Giovanni, Margherita Silvetti, Salvatore Deiana, Pietrino Deiana, and Paola Castaldi. "Long-term influence of red mud on As mobility and soil physico-chemical and microbial parameters in a polluted sub-acidic soil." Journal of Hazardous Materials 185, no. 2-3 (2011): 1241–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.10.037.

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46

Ramaraj, B., and P. Poomalai. "Development of potentially biodegradable polyamide-6 and polyvinyl alcohol blends: Physico-mechanical properties, thermal properties, and soil test." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 98, no. 6 (2005): 2339–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.22136.

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47

Gupta, R., T. Kumar, and A. Mittal. "Bioremediation of Cadmium Contaminated Effluent by Sporosarcina luteola: A Bacterium Isolated from Soil near Wazirpur Industrial Area, New Delhi, India." Asian Journal of Chemistry 31, no. 11 (2019): 2642–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2019.22285.

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Heavy metals pollution is emerging as a threat to ecological systems causing various problems to mankind, plants and animals. Aim of the present study was to isolate and identify cadmium tolerant bacteria from the soil of Wazirpur industrial area of New Delhi (India). The study involved physico-chemical characterization of the polluted soil which was found to contain high concentration of iron, manganese and cadmium at 352, 15.3 g/kg soil and 3.16 ppm, respectively. One bacterial strain was identified as Sporosarcina luteola on the basis of morphological, biochemical and phylogeny analysis. Strain Sporosarcina luteola was highly resistant to Cd up to 5mM (mM= millimolar) when cultured in solidified nutrient agar plates and 7.2 mM in nutrient broth. Sporosarcina luteola has also showed substantial growth in presence of Co, Pb, Fe and Mn upto 2.0, 2.0, 3.5 and 4.0 mM, respectively in liquid medium. Optimum growth of identified bacteria was shown at 37 ºC, 7.0 pH and it tolerated up to 3 % sodium chloride (w/v). This is reported for the first time that Sporosarcina luteola (metal-tolerant bacteria) has potential of removal of cadmium from industrially contaminated soil.

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48

Koleva, Vanya, Asya Dragoeva, Teodora Koynova, and Nikolay Natchev. "Soil Pollution Screening Using Physico-Chemical and Cytogenetic Approaches: a Case Study of a Bulgarian Suburban Nature Park." Polish Journal of Environmental Studies 27, no. 3 (2018): 1105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.15244/pjoes/76409.

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Šuňovská, Anna, Miroslav Horník, Martin Pipíška, Juraj Lesný, Jozef Augustín, and Stanislav Hostin. "CHARACTERIZATION OF SOIL ADDITIVE DERIVED FROM SEWAGE SLUDGE." Nova Biotechnologica et Chimica 12, no. 2 (2013): 141–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/nbec-2013-0016.

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Abstract The aim of the present work is to characterize the soil additive derived from sewage sludge as potentially economically acceptable material for agricultural production as well as for soil and environment protection. The soil additive consisting of sewage sludge obtained from the wastewater treatment plant Pannon-Víz Zrt. (Győr, Hungary) and agricultural byproducts represented by wastes from grain mill industry and crushed corn cobs was prepared using the low-capacity granulator equipment constructed by Energy Agency Public Nonprofit Ltd. (Hungary). The characterization of sewage sludge as primary composite and prepared soil additive includes the determination of physico-chemical parameters such as pH determined in suspension with distilled water, 0.01 mol/dm3 CaCl2 or 1 mol/dm3 KCl solutions, pHzpc predicted by potentiometric titration and ProtoFit software, water holding capacity (WHC), cationexchange capacity (CEC) and total organic carbon (TOC). The elemental analysis by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry revealed that sewage sludge as well as prepared soil additive contain significant amount of Zn and Cu as important microelements in plant nutrition. Also, it was found that prepared soil additive represents the considerable source of a significant proportion, strong bound and in this way gradually released microelements. Obtained results suggest on the application potential of prepared soil additive in agricultural production as well as in remediation and reclamation of contaminated or degraded soil.

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Tripathi, B. D., R. K. Dwivedi, and Anamika Tripathi. "Influence of industrial wastes on physico-chemical properties of soil and germination and mineral composition of wheat." Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 49, no. 1-2 (1990): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00279514.

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