Relevant bibliographies by topics / Soil physics. Soils

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Academic literature on the topic 'Soil physics. Soils'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 7 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Soil physics. Soils"

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Allbrook, RF. "Shrinkage of some New Zealand soils and its implications for soil physics." Soil Research 31, no. 2 (1993): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9930111.

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Aggregates from three New Zealand soils were used to produce shrinkage curves. Each soil had a clay mineralogy dominated by a different mineral, namely allophane, halloysite and kaolinite.The curves showed marked differences. Only the allophanic soil showed structural shrinkage, and only the halloysitic soil showed residual shrinkage. When the slope of the normal shrinkage line is about unity, this indicates the soil is liable to crack- this was only shown by the allophanic soil. The implication for soil physics is that, since all soils with at least a moderate clay content shrink, bulk densities change with moisture and this must be allowed for in such calculations as soil moisture on a volume basis.
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Richards, BG. "The role of lateral stresses on soil water relations in swelling clays." Soil Research 24, no. 4 (1986): 457. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9860457.

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The moisture characteristic of a swelling soil is the result of complex interaction between the soil water potential and imposed mechanical stresses. This can give rise to soil water profiles which cannot be interpreted by soil water theories for non-swelling soils. Agricultural soil physics has been concerned primarily with highly structured surface soils, and has developed simple theories for the effects of stress on soil water relations in swelling soils. These simple theories ignore the effect of lateral stress in the soil. Civil engineers, on the other hand, dealing mainly with less complex soils at depth, have developed more complex theories for the effect of three-dimensional stress states on soil water relations. This paper shows how the effect of three-dimensional stress can and should be included in soil water studies of swelling soils, and gives examples to demonstrate the possible magnitude of such effects.
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Nofziger, David L., and Jinquan Wu. "Soil Physics Teaching Tools: Steady-State Water Movement in Soils." Journal of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Education 29, no. 1 (2000): 130–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jnrlse.2000.0130.

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Rehman, Obaid ur, Shahzada Munawar Mehdi, Raja Abad, Shahid Saleem, Rizwan Khalid, Sarosh Tariq Alvi, and Asia Munir. "Soil Characteristics and Fertility Indexation in Gujar Khan Area of Rawalpindi." Pakistan Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research Series A: Physical Sciences 64, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.52763/pjsir.phys.sci.64.1.2021.46.51.

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Soil characteristics of Gujar Khan area of Rawalpindi district were evaluated through physical and chemical analysis. About 3002 soil samples were received/collected from farmers' fields of Gujar Khan during the period between 2012 and 2017 and analysed for texture, electrical conductivity (ECe), pH, organic matter (OM), available phosphorus (AP) and available potash (AK). The analysis results revealed that texture of the soils varied from sandy loam (33.5%) to loam (61.6%). The 98.6% soils had ECe values within the normal range (< 4 dS/m) and almost 74% soil had from 7.5 to 8.5 pH values with an average of 7.76. Thus there was no salinity/alkanity hazard in the area. Generally most of the soils were poor from the fertility point of view. About 96% soils were poor in both OM and AP contents, whereas, 3.0% soils have OM (>0.86%) and 3.4% satisfactory levels and AP (>7.0-14 mg/Kg). However, 62% soils has satisfactory to adequate AK status. The frequency distribution analysis indicated that 45% soils of Gujar Khan and OM content in the range of 0.4-0.6%, 57% and soil have AP in the range of 4.0-6.0 mg/Kg, while 50% and AK in the range of 81-120 mg/Kg. The soil fertility indexes in respect of OM and AP were low (1.0), whereas AK (1.7) indicating a medium fertility status of Gujar Khan soils.
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Gliński, Jan, Józef Horabik, and Jerzy Lipiec. "Agrophysics - physics in agriculture and environment." Soil Science Annual 64, no. 2 (August 1, 2013): 67–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ssa-2013-0012.

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Abstract Agrophysics is one of the branches of natural sciences dealing with the application of physics in agriculture and environment. It plays an important role in the limitation of hazards to agricultural objects (soils, plants, agricultural products and foods) and to the environment. Soil physical degradation, gas production in soils and emission to the atmosphere, physical properties of plant materials influencing their technological and nutritional values and crop losses are examples of such hazards. Agrophysical knowledge can be helpful in evaluating and improving the quality of soils and agricultural products as well as the technological processes.
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De Deyn, Gerlinde B., and Lammert Kooistra. "The role of soils in habitat creation, maintenance and restoration." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 376, no. 1834 (August 4, 2021): 20200170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2020.0170.

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Soils are the fundament of terrestrial ecosystems. Across the globe we find different soil types with different properties resulting from the interacting soil forming factors: parent material, climate, topography, organisms and time. Here we present the role of soils in habitat formation and maintenance in natural systems, and reflect on how humans have modified soils from local to global scale. Soils host a tremendous diversity of life forms, most of them microscopic in size. We do not yet know all the functionalities of this diversity at the level of individual taxa or through their interactions. However, we do know that the interactions and feedbacks between soil life, plants and soil chemistry and physics are essential for soil and habitat formation, maintenance and restoration. Moreover, the couplings between soils and major cycles of carbon, nutrients and water are essential for supporting the production of food, feed and fibre, drinking water and greenhouse gas balances. Soils take thousands of years to form, yet are lost very quickly through a multitude of stressors. The current status of our soils globally is worrisome, yet with concerted action we can bend the curve and create win–wins of soil and habitat conservation, regeneration and sustainable development. This article is part of the theme issue ‘The role of soils in delivering Nature's Contributions to People’.
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Zhao, Litong, D. M. Gray, and B. Toth. "Influence of soil texture on snowmelt infiltration into frozen soils." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 82, no. 1 (February 1, 2002): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s00-093.

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This paper describes the influence of soil texture on snowmelt infiltration into frozen soils. Field data collected on frozen, unsaturated agricultural soils of the Canadian Prairies during snow ablation demonstrate: (a) poor association between the amount of infiltration of meltwater released by the seasonal snowcover and soil texture, and (b) small differences in cumulative amounts among soils of widely different textures. A physics-based numerical simulation of heat and mass transfers with phase changes in frozen soils is used to study the mechanics of the infiltration process in representative clay, silty clay loam, silt loam and sandy loam soils. The results of the simulations show that the differences among cumulative snowmelt infiltration into clay, silty clay loam and silt loam soils after 24 h of continuous infiltration are small. Infiltration into a lighter-textured sandy loam after 24 h was on average 23% higher than in the other three soils with most of the increase occurring in the first 5 h of the simulation. Key Words: Soil texture, snowmelt, infiltration, frozen soils
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Pham, Hung Q., and Delwyn G. Fredlund. "Volume–mass unsaturated soil constitutive model for drying–wetting under isotropic loading–unloading conditions." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 48, no. 2 (February 1, 2011): 280–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t10-061.

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A rigorous volume–mass constitutive model is proposed for the representation of drying–wetting under isotropic loading–unloading conditions for unsaturated soils. The proposed model utilizes concepts arising from soil physics and geotechnical engineering research and requires readily obtainable soils data for soil properties. The model can be used to predict void ratio and water content constitutive relationships (and therefore degree of saturation) for a wide range of unsaturated soils. Various stress paths (i.e., loading–unloading and drying–wetting) can be simulated, and hysteresis associated with the soil-water characteristic curve is taken into account. Two closed-form equations for the volume–mass constitutive relationships are presented for soils starting from slurry conditions. A number of test results (i.e., from experimental programs reported in the research literature) were used during the verification of the proposed volume–mass constitutive model. The volume–mass constitutive model captures key unsaturated soil conditions such as air-entry value, water-entry value, and residual conditions. The proposed model appears to satisfactorily predict unsaturated soil behavior for soils ranging from low compressible sands to high compressible clays.
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Hartmann, Anne, Markus Weiler, and Theresa Blume. "The impact of landscape evolution on soil physics: evolution of soil physical and hydraulic properties along two chronosequences of proglacial moraines." Earth System Science Data 12, no. 4 (December 4, 2020): 3189–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3189-2020.

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Abstract. Soil physical properties highly influence soil hydraulic properties, which define the soil hydraulic behavior. Thus, changes within these properties affect water flow paths and the soil water and matter balance. Most often these soil physical properties are assumed to be constant in time, and little is known about their natural evolution. Therefore, we studied the evolution of physical and hydraulic soil properties along two soil chronosequences in proglacial forefields in the Central Alps, Switzerland: one soil chronosequence developed on silicate and the other on calcareous parent material. Each soil chronosequence consisted of four moraines with the ages of 30, 160, 3000, and 10 000 years at the silicate forefield and 110, 160, 4900, and 13 500 years at the calcareous forefield. We investigated bulk density, porosity, loss on ignition, and hydraulic properties in the form of retention curves and hydraulic conductivity curves as well as the content of clay, silt, sand, and gravel. Samples were taken at three depths (10, 30, 50 cm) at six sampling sites at each moraine. Soil physical and hydraulic properties changed considerably over the chronosequence. Particle size distribution showed a pronounced reduction in sand content and an increase in silt and clay content over time at both sites. Bulk density decreased, and porosity increased during the first 10 millennia of soil development. The trend was equally present at both parent materials, but the reduction in sand and increase in silt content were more pronounced at the calcareous site. The organic matter content increased, which was especially pronounced in the topsoil at the silicate site. With the change in physical soil properties and organic matter content, the hydraulic soil properties changed from fast-draining coarse-textured soils to slow-draining soils with high water-holding capacity, which was also more pronounced in the topsoil at the silicate site. The data set presented in this paper is available at the online repository of the German Research Center for Geosciences (GFZ; Hartmann et al., 2020b). The data set can be accessed via the DOI https://doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.4.4.2020.004.
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Ermolin, M. S., and N. N. Fedyunina. "MOBILITY OF CERIUM DIOXIDE NANOPARTICLES IN SOILS AT DIFFERENT EXPOSURE SCENARIOS." Industrial laboratory. Diagnostics of materials 85, no. 5 (June 5, 2019): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.26896/1028-6861-2019-85-5-5-10.

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Nowadays, widespread application of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) inevitably leads to their release into the environment. Soils are regarded as the ultimate sink for ENPs. The study on the mobility of ENPs in soils is important in the assessment of potential risks related to their toxicity. The behavior of ENPs depends not only on the parameters of soil, but also on the exposure scenarios, namely, the amount of ENPs trapped in soil. We studied the mobility of cerium dioxide nanoparticles (nCeO2) in soils at different exposure scenarios. The relationship between the mobility of nCeO2and their concentration in the soil within the range 1 – 1000 ìg/g is evaluated. It is shown that the mobility of nCeO2decreases with a decrease in their concentration in the soil and attains the minimum value when the concentration of nCeO2goes below 10 ìg/g. In relative units, only about 0.1 – 0.2% of nCeO2(in aforementioned concentration range) exhibit mobility and can migrate in the soil profile under saturated conditions. The lion’s share of nCeO2(about 99.8%) remains immobile in the soil. Evidently, the vertical transport of nCeO2in soil profile should depend on the volume of released suspensions. In the case of small or moderate wet deposition, nanoparticles will accumulate in upper soil horizons characterized with the highest biological activity and thus can affect the soil inhabitants (plant roots, earthworms, insects, microorganisms, etc.).
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Soil physics. Soils"

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Kachamba, Daud Jones. "Impact of harvesting machinery on soil physical parameters : evaluation of ProFor model in three main forestry regions of South Africa /." Link to the online version, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/648.

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Wang, Yu-Hsing. "Attenuation in soils and non-linear dynamic effects." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19582.

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Araújo, Fernando Silva. "Atributos do solo e suas relações com resíduos vegetais e matéria orgânica em áreas cultivadas com cana-de-açúcar." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/256809.

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Orientadores: Zigomar Menezes de Souza, Edson Eiji Matsura
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agrícola
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T04:49:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Araujo_FernandoSilva_D.pdf: 5020372 bytes, checksum: af978a8271ef4c982fd82d0d223e486b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012
Resumo: É crescente a demanda global por fontes de energia renováveis, tais como o etanol, o qual no Brasil, possui como principal matriz energética a cultura da cana-de-açúcar. Neste contexto faz-se necessário a incorporação de novas tecnologias, como a mecanização da colheita, para o uso racional das áreas manejadas com cana-de-açúcar. O acúmulo superficial de resíduos vegetais da cana-de-açúcar na superfície do solo promove o enriquecimento das camadas superficiais com matéria orgânica bem como o incremento do intervalo hídrico ótimo, mitigando os efeitos da compactação do solo causados pelo tráfego de máquinas no sistema de cana colhida mecanicamente sem queima. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar as alterações no comportamento físico e mecânico de um Latossolo Vermelho produzido pelo enriquecimento do conteúdo de matéria orgânica e, ainda, a capacidade dos resíduos vegetais acumulados na superfície do solo dissiparem cargas aplicadas sobre o mesmo, em áreas cultivadas com cana-de-açúcar colhidas com e sem queima. O projeto foi desenvolvido em três áreas cultivadas com cana-de-açúcar: 1- cana-de-açúcar sem queima e corte mecanizado, desde 1996 (com 16 anos de implantação do sistema de cana crua); 2- cana-de-açúcar sem queima e corte mecanizado, desde 2004 (com 8 anos de implantação do sistema de cana crua); 3- cana-de-açúcar com queima e corte manual, desde 1973 (cana queimada). Os atributos físicos avaliados foram: análise granulométrica, consistência do solo, densidade do solo, estabilidade de agregados, porosidade do solo e resistência do solo à penetração nas profundidades de 0,00-0,10 m, 0,10-0,20 m e 0,20-0,30 m. Determinou-se ainda o intervalo hídrico ótimo para desenvolvimento das plantas. Foram avaliadas as relações entre o teor de matéria orgânica e a compressibilidade do solo, as relações entre teor de matéria orgânica do solo e a umidade crítica para a compactação e as relações entre quantidade de resíduos vegetais na superfície e a densidade do solo obtida pelo teste Proctor. Os atributos de solo estudados apresentam estrutura de dependência espacial. O intervalo hídrico ótimo e ?p mostraram-se sensíveis as alterações ocorridas no solo em detrimento dos sistemas de manejo estudados. A área sob colheita manual da cultura da cana-de-açúcar apresentou menor valor de densidade crítica para o intervalo hídrico ótimo, sendo que a maior produtividade da cultura concentrou-se nas regiões de maior amplitude do intervalo hídrico ótimo e maior capacidade suporte de carga do solo
Abstract: An increasing global demand for renewable energy sources such as ethanol, which in Brazil, has as its primary energy matrix culture of sugar cane. In this context it is necessary to incorporate new technologies, mechanization of the harvest, for the rational use of managed areas with cane sugar. The accumulation of surface plant residues of sugar cane on the soil surface promotes the enrichment of the surface layers with organic matter as well as increasing the optimal water, mitigating the effects of soil compaction caused by machinery traffic on the system cane mechanically harvested without burning. Therefore, the aim of this work was to study the changes in physical and mechanical behavior of soil produced by enriching the content of organic matter, and also the ability of plant debris accumulated on the soil surface dissipate loads applied on it, in cultivated areas sugar cane harvested with and without burning. The project was developed in three areas cultivated with sugar cane: 1 - harvested with manual cutting and burning since 1973; 2 - mechanically harvested without burning since 2004 (8 years of implantation of sugarcane), 3 - mechanically harvested unburned since 1996 (16 years of implantation of sugarcane). The physical attributes were: particle size analysis, soil consistency, soil bulk density, and aggregate stability, soil porosity and soil resistance to penetration depths of 0.00 to 0.10 m, 0.10-0.20 me 0.20-0.30 m. It was determined the optimal water yet to identify the critical limits of soil density where resistance to penetration and aeration porosity are restrictive to plant development. We evaluated the relationship between the organic matter content and soil compressibility, the relationships between organic matter content and soil moisture critical for the compression and the relationship between the amount of crop residue on the surface and soil density obtained by the Proctor test. The soil attributes have studied the spatial dependence structure. The least limiting water range and ?p were sensitive to changes in the soil instead of studied treatments. The area under cultivation of manual harvesting cane sugar showed a lower value of the critical density for optimal water, and the greater crop concentrated in regions of higher altitude and lower load-bearing capacity
Doutorado
Agua e Solo
Doutor em Engenharia Agrícola
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Semmel, Harald. "Auswirkungen kontrollierter Bodenbelastungen auf das Druckfortpflanzungsverhalten und physikalisch-mechanische Kenngrössen von Ackerböden /." Kiel : Institut für Pflanzenernährung und Bodenkunde, Universität Kiel, 1993. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=006456235&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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De, Villiers Dawid. "Characterisation of heavy mineral sands and soils by radiometry and its use in mineral benefication and agriculture." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6851.

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Thesis (PhD (Physics))--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Radioactivity is well known and well understood, but its usefulness in industrial applications to optimise processes or increase economic viability is not yet fully utilised by many industries. This study focuses on the measurement of natural radioactivity and its application in heavy mineral separation and vineyard soil classification. The gamma radiometry set-up consisted of a high purity germanium detector, a Marinelli beaker as sample container and associated electronics. It was calibrated for laboratorybased measurements by minimising the background radiation with the use of lead castle and energy and resolution calibrations. Furthermore, detection parameters were optimised; these included the counting time, the selection of gamma rays used for analysis of a sample, the peak area calculation for the detector dead time and the detector efficiency. Given that the samples had different densities and volumes, the detector efficiency had to be corrected for volume and density effects. After implementation of the corrections and optimisations the detection system was tested and found able to accurately measure radioactivity concentrations. The systematic measurement errors for 238U were 5.1 % in the case of the heavy mineral sands and 34.3 % for the vineyard soils, 4.5 % for the 232Th concentrations and 4.7 % for 40K concentrations. Statistical errors were kept below 2 %. The application of radiometry has not been done before at any South African heavy mineral separation plant. For this reason radiometry is suggested as an easier, faster and cheaper alternative to X-ray fluorescence (XRF) for effective implementation of grade control for zircon to improve the cost benefit of the heavy mineral separation process. Zircon is an example of a heavy mineral that is worldwide in demand with a consumption of more than a million tonnes per year. It is used in a wide range of industrial applications and products that include tiles, sanitary ware and plasma displays. South Africa is the second largest producer of zircon in the world and also has the second largest reserve of available zircon, making this mineral a viable source of income for several years to come. Radioactivity, in the form of uranium and thorium, and other impurities such as iron oxide and titanium oxide are found in the crystal lattice of zircon. For it to be a sellable product, the sum of the uranium and thorium concentrations must be less than 500 parts per million for prime or first grade zircon and less than 1000 parts per million for second grade zircon. At present the concentrations of uranium and thorium in zircon concentrates are measured on a whole rock basis by XRF during and at the end of the processing cycle before the final products are ready to be shipped. This is not an ideal situation as the grab samples are taken periodically and are not necessarily representative of the stream or final assignment and has resulted in significant losses by the producer. The solution is to accurately measure the uranium and thorium concentrations fast or immediately, preferably the measurements must be made online and in real time so that processing decisions can be implemented quickly to optimise the final product. Heavy mineral sand samples were obtained from the various separation processes in a Mineral Separation Plant and their 238U and 232Th concentrations determined. The results indicated that the samples’ uranium to thorium ratios together with their total concentrations can be used to differentiate between the samples (i.e. separation processes). The measurement results were compared with those obtained with XRF. The correlations with radiometry were excellent for the uranium (r2 = 0.992), thorium (r2 = 0.998) and total concentrations (r2 = 0.998). Radiometric measurements were also conducted by decreasing the counting time from 3600 s to 1 s to investigate its effect on the accuracy of the results. Correlations between the different times and 3600 s ranged from excellent to good. The obtained results are then used to recommend that radiometry is used in a Mineral Separation Plant to verify that the zircon and zirkwa meet the specifications, to optimise the entrance feed and the other separation processes and to monitor the tailings streams. Finally the practical aspects of the implementation of radiometry are discussed. As a second application was radiometry applied in an agricultural pilot study to demonstrate the applicability of radiometry as a possible useful tool in soil classification. The creation of a vineyard is a long term and expensive investment and its yield and quality will be influenced by many factors such as the type of soil, viticultural preparations and climate. Information on the different soil types in a vineyard is therefore indispensable for the optimisation of land use with respect to vine cultivar, wine quality and production. Soil samples were obtained from Kanonkop, Simonsig and Spier vineyards and their 238U, 232Th and 40K concentrations determined, assuming that fertilisers would have no effect on the results. The difference in 40K concentrations were related to the clay fraction of the soil and demonstrated that the Kanonkop and Simonsig soils are fine-grained and clay-rich compared to the sandy coarse-grained soils of Spier. The uranium and thorium concentrations were indicators of whether the mineralogy of the soil is the same as the underlying bedrock as well as soil maturity. The measurement results were compared with those obtained with XRF. The correlation with radiometry were poor for the uranium concentrations (r2 = 0.314), as many of the samples concentrations were below the XRF detection limit. The correlations were excellent for both thorium (r2 = 0.985) and potassium (r2 = 0.999). As a positive result from the findings of the study was an in-situ measurement performed by Newman et al. for the radiometric mapping of a Simonsig vineyard for soil classification.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Radioaktiwiteit is wel bekend en word goed verstaan, tog is die gebruik daarvan in industriele toepassings om prosesses te optimiseer of winsgrense te verhoog nog nie deur baie industrië ten volle benut nie. Hierdie studie fokus op die meting van natuurlike radioaktiwiteit en die toepassing daarvan in swaar mineraal skeiding en wingerd grond klassifikasie. Die gamma radiometrie opstelling het bestaan uit ‘n hoë suiwerheid germanium detektor, 'n Marinelli beker as monster houer en verwante elektronika. Dit was gekalibreer vir laboratorium gebaseerde metings deur die vermindering van die agtergrondstraling met die gebruik van lood kasteel en energie en resolusie kalibrasies. Verder was deteksie parameters geoptimaliseer, dit sluit in die teltyd, die keuse van gammastrale wat gebruik word vir die ontleding van 'n monster, die piek area berekening, die korreksie vir die detektor se dooie tyd en die detektor doeltreffendheid. Gegee dat die monsters van mekaar verskil het in terme van dighteid en volume was dit nodig om die detektor doeltreffendheid te korrigeer vir volume en digtheid effekte. Na die implementering van die korreksies en optimalisasie was die detektor stelsel getoets en was gevind dat radioaktiwiteit konsentrasies akkuraat gelewer kan lewer. Die sistematiese meet foute vir 238U was 5.1 % vir die mineraal sand en 34.3 % vir wingerd grond, 4.5 % vir 232Th konsentrasies en 4.7 % vir 40K konsentrasies. Statistiese foute was onder 2 % gehou. Die toepassing van radiometrie was nog nie voorheen by enige Suid-Afrikaanse swaar mineraal skeidings aanleg gedoen nie. Vir die rede is radiometrie voorgestel as ‘n makliker, vinniger en goedkoper alternatief teenoor XSF vir effektiewe implementering van graad beheer vir zirkon om die koste voordeel van die swaar mineral skeiding proses te verbeter. Zirkon is ‘n voorbeeld van ‘n swaar mineraal wat wêreldwyd in aanvraag is met ‘n verbruik van meer as ‘n miljoen ton per jaar. Dit word in ‘n wye reeks van industriele toepassings en produkte gebruik onder andere teëls, sanitêre ware en plasma skerms. Suid Afrika is die tweede grootste vervaardiger van zirkon in die wêreld en het ook die tweede grootste reserwe van besikbare zirkon. Dit veroorsaak dat die mineraal ‘n lewensvatbare brom van inkomste is vir nog etlike jare. Radioaktiwiteit, in die vorm van uraan en thorium, word tesame met ander onsuiwerhede soos ysteroksied en titaanoksied in zirkon se kristal rooster gevind. Om ‘n verkoopbare produk te wees moet die som van die uraan en thorium konsentrasies minder wees as 500 dele per miljoen vir prima en eerste graad zirkon en minder wees as 1000 dele per miljoen vir tweede graadse zirkon. Huidiglik word die uraan en thorium konsentrasies in die zirkon konsentraat gemeet op ‘n heel gesteente basis met X-straal fluoroskopie (XSF) gedurende en op die einde van die prosesering siklus net voor die finale produk reg is om versend te word. Dit is nie die ideale situasie nie, want die monsters word periodies geneem en is nie noodwendig verteenwoordigend van die stroom of die finale produk nie en het al tot beduidende verliese deur die vervaardiger gelei. Die oplossing is om die uraan en thorium konsentrasies vinnig of onmiddelik te meet, verkieslik moet die metings inlyn en intyds gedoen word om verwerkings besluite vinnig geimplementeer kan word om die finale produk te optimaliseer. Swaar mineraal sand monsters was verkry van die verskeie skeidingsprosesse in ‘n Mineraal Skeidings Aanleg en hul 238U en 232Th konsentrasies bepaal. Die resultate het aangetoon dat die monsters se uraan en thorium verhoudings saam met hul totale konsentrasies gebruik kan word om te onderskei tussen die monsters (oftewel die skeiding prosesse). Die meting resultate was vergelyk met dié verkry met XSF. Die korrelasies met radiometrie was uitstekend vir die uraan (r2 = 0.992), thorium (r2 = 0.998) en totale konsentrasies (r2 = 0.998). Radiometriese metings was ook uigevoer deur die teltyd te verminder van 3600 s tot 1 s om die uitwerking daarvan op die akkuraatheid van die resultate te ondersoek. Korrelasies tussen die verskillende tye en 3600 s het gewissel van uitstekend tot goed. Die bevindinge was dan gebruik om aan te beveel dat radiometrie in a Mineraal Skeidings Aanleg gebruik kan word om te verifeer dat daar aan die zirkon en zirkwa spesifikasies voldoen word, om die begin voer en ander skeidings prosesse te optimaliseer en ook die uitskot strome te monitor. Laastens is die praktiese aspekte van die implementering van radiometrie bespreek. Vir die tweede toepassing was radiometrie toepgepas in ‘n loods studie in die landbou om die toepaslikheid van radiometrie as ‘n moontlike nuttige instrument in grond klassifikasie te demonstreer. Die skepping van ‘n wingerd is ‘n lang termyn en duur belegging waarvan die opbrengs en kwaliteit beinvloed sal word deur vele faktore, onder andere die tipe grond, wynbou voorbereidings en die klimaat. Inligiting oor die verskillende grond tipes in ‘n wingerd is daarom onmisbaar vir die optimalisering van land gebruik in betrekking tot die wingerdstok kultivar, wyn kwaliteit en produksie. Radiometrie is toegepas om te demonstreer die toepaslikheid daaran as ‘n moontlike nuttige instrument in grond klassifikasie. Grondmonsters was verkry vanaf Kanonkop, Simonsig en Spier wingerde en hul 238U, 232Th en 40K konsentrasies bepaal met die aanname dat kunsmis nie ‘n uitwerking op die resultate sou hê nie. Die verskil in 40K konsentrasies was verwant aan die kleifraksie van die grond en het getoon dat die Kanonkop en Simonsig gronde is fyn korrelrig en kleiryk is in vergelyking met die sanderige growwe korrel grond van Spier. Die uraan en thorium konsentrasies het gedui op die samestelling van die grond en ook aangedui watter grond dieselfde is as die onderliggende rots. Die meting resultate was vergelyk met dié verkry met XSF. Die korrelasie met die radiometrie was sleg vir die uraan konsentrasies (r2 = 0.314) aangesien baie van die monster konsentrasies laer was as die XSF deteksie limiet. Die korrelasies was uitstekend vir beide thorium (r2 = 0.985) en kalium (r2 = 0.999). As ‘n positiewe resultaat van die studie se bevindinge was ‘n in-situ meting gedoen deur Newman et al. om ‘n Simonsig wingerd radiomeries te karteer vir grond klassifasie.
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Chan, Wing-ho Michael. "Characteristics and genesis of soils in Hong Kong's Fung Shui woodlands." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B2275362X.

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Bois, Claudette Hélène. "The effect of timber harvest and wildfire on soil physical and nutritional dynamics in two boreal forest ecosite types in eastern Manitoba /." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=80229.

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Forest ecosystems undergo both natural and human induced disturbances. Depending on disturbance type, soil physical and chemical parameters show different response patterns during the recovery phase. An added level of complication is the ecological site types occurring throughout a forested area. The identification of indicators of soil fertility and the successful emulation of a natural disturbance regime were the scope of this research.
The research presented herein took place in the Manitoba Model Forest (MBMF), located in eastern Manitoba, where the natural disturbance regime is wildfire. Timber harvest strategies used in the area are designed to emulate a wildfire (5% retention of standing timber and extensive slash inputs) and clearcut harvesting. The objective of this study was to document changes in forest floor and soil properties prior to and following harvesting, and to compare these properties to those found in a small wildfire that burned in the MBMF in late summer 1998, which serves as a benchmark to the harvest. In the two study areas, both thin mineral soil (5--20 cm) and moderately deep mineral soil (20--100 cm) ecosite types were monitored at four dates over a two year period for soil physical and nutritional response patterns.
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Peter, Prince Chinedu. "Implication of tillage, texture and mineralogy on the sieving efficiency, physical-based soil organic matter and aggregate stability of some soils in the Eastern Cape." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/2710.

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Soil structure and its associated physical properties are essential soil components. Soil texture and mineralogy are inherent soil properties that influence soil management. This study assessed the implication of tillage, texture and mineralogy on soil sieving, aggregate stability indices and physical fractions of organic matter in soils of Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. An Iris FTLVH – 0200 digital electromagnetic sieve shaker (Filtra Vibraciόn SL Spain), was used to determine settings for sieving efficiency. Mean weight diameter (MWD), water stable aggregate (WSA), state of aggregation (SA), dispersion ratio (DR), water dispersible clay (WDC), clay dispersion ratio (CDR), clay flocculation index (CFI), and potential structural deformation index (PSDI) were aggregate stability indices evaluated to check for sensitivity in evaluating aggregate stability of soils under two tillage systems and physical fractions of carbon and nitrogen in soils of Eastern Cape Province. The T4I3P2 and T4I4P3 settings were sensitive under tillage and T4I1P4, T3I4P3 and T4I4P3 were sensitive under mineralogical considerations for sieving efficiency. The total carbon in soils under conventional tillage (CT) was 17.7 g/kg and in soils under no tillage (NT) it was 15.8 g/kg. The total carbon content in the clay fraction of soils under CT was 24.1 percent higher than the total carbon content in the clay fraction of soils under NT. The total nitrogen content in the clay fraction of soils under CT was 5.4 percent higher than the total nitrogen content in the soils under NT. The total carbon in the sandy loam (SL) textured soils was 17.4 g/kg and in the sandy clay loam (SCL) textured soils it was 17.1 g/kg. The total nitrogen in SL soils was 3.7 g/kg and in SCL soils it was 3.7 g/kg. The clay fraction had higher total carbon than other fractions in Sl and SCL soils. The higher values of nitrogen were observed in the silt fraction for SL soils and clay fraction for SCL soils. The total carbon in the soils dominated with kaolinite was 17.3 g/kg and in quartz dominated soils the value was 16.9 g/kg. The total nitrogen in the soils dominated with kaolinite was 3.7 g/kg and in the soils dominated with quartz the value was 3.7 g/kg. For soils under NT the WDC was 135.8 g/kg and for soils under CT it was 139.7 g/kg. The ASC was 72.5 for soils under NT and 92.0for soils under CT. The DR was 0.9 for soils under NT and 0.8 for soils under CT. The CFI was 0.5 for soils under NT and 0.5 for soils under CT. The CDR was 0.5 for soils under NT and 0.5 for soils under CT. The MWDw was 1.6 mm for soils under NT and 1.4 mm for soils under CT. The MWDd was 4.0 mm for soils under NT and 4.0 for soils under CT. The percent WSA > 0.25 mm was 61.7 percent for soils under NT and 56.2 percent for soils under CT. The PSDI was 55.2 percent for soils under NT and 61.15 percent for soils under CT. The SA was 43.2 percent for soils under NT and 37.89 percent for soils under CT. The WDC was 125.7 g/kg for SCL soils and 151.4 g/kg for SL soils. The CDR was 0.5 for both SCL and SL soils. The DR was 0.9 for SCL soils and 0.8 for SL soils. The CFI was 0.5 for both SCL and SL soils. The ASC was 56.2 g/kg for SCL soils and 115 g/kg for SL soils. The MWDw was 1.5 mm for SCL soils and 1.4 mm for SL soils. The MWDd was 3.6 mm for SCL soils and 3.6 mm for SL soils. The percent WSA > 0.25 mm was 53.0 percent for SCL soils and 62.5 percent for SL soils. The PSDI was 59.2 percent for SCL soils and 59.7 percent for SL soils. The SA was 33.6 percent for SCL soils and 45.2 percent for SL soils. The WDC was 313.3 g/kg for kaolinitic soils and 120.7 g/kg for quartz dominated soils. The CDR was 0.5 for kaolinitic soils and 0.5 for quartz dominated soils. The DR was 0.9 for kaolinitic soils and 0.8 for quartz dominated soils. The CFI was 0.5 for kaolinitic soils and 0.5 for quartz dominated soils. The ASC was 110.0 g/kg for kaolinitic soils and 101.7 g/kg for quartz dominated soils. The WSA > 0.25 mm was 57.3 percent for quartz dominated soils and 68.4 percent for kaolinitic soils. The MWDw was 1.6 mm for quartz dominated soils and 0.8 mm for kaolinitic soils. The MWDd was 3.6 mm for quartz dominated soils and 3.4 mm for kaolinitic soils. The PSDI was 56.3 for quartz dominated soils and 76.0 for kaolinitic soils.
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Toigo, Sonia. "Remediação mecânica e biológica da compactação inicial de um nitossolo vermelho cultivado com trigo." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2010. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/272.

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A compactação do solo é comumente observada em lavouras em que foi adotado o sistema de plantio direto. Sua origem está relacionada ao acúmulo do efeito das pressões produzidas pelo trânsito de máquinas agrícolas e/ou de animais. A compactação do solo impõe restrições ao desenvolvimento das culturas e compromete seu potencial produtivo, basicamente por reduzir a disponibilidade de água às plantas, por dificultar as trocas gasosas e o suprimento de oxigênio às raízes e por reduzir o volume de solo explorado pelas raízes em função da elevada impedância mecânica. Este trabalho foi realizado na área experimental da Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), Campus Dois Vizinhos. Os objetivos do estudo foram avaliar as alterações nas propriedades físicas do solo e os efeitos sobre a produtividade da cultura do trigo em um Nitossolo Vermelho distroférrico submetido a três níveis iniciais de compactação. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso com três repetições com parcelas subdivididas. Os níveis de compactação do solo utilizados foram distribuídos nas parcelas principais sendo caracterizados como: plantio direto contínuo (PDC); plantio direto escarificado (PDE); plantio direto com compactação adicional (PDA). Nas subparcelas aplicaram-se quatro sistemas de manejo: PD + escarificacão antecedendo a implantação da cultura de verão; cultivo de guandu-anão (Cajanus cajan L.) no outono; cultivo de nabo forrageiro (Raphanus sativus L.) no outono; e plantio direto contínuo. A escarificação reduziu a densidade do solo na profundidade de 0,05 – 0,10 m, em relação aos níveis de compactação PDC e PDA, mas não incrementou o rendimento. O sistema de manejo do solo utilizando a escarificação promoveu alterações significativas nas propriedades físicas do solo, porosidade total e resistência à penetração e aumentou o número de grãos por espigueta. A produtividade do trigo não foi sensível às variações de resistência à penetração, densidade e porosidade do solo resultantes de diferentes níveis de compactação iniciais do solo e dos sistemas de manejo de recuperação do solo.
Soil compaction is usually observed in soil cultivated at no-tillage system. Soil compaction is caused by accumulation of pressure exerted by machines and animal that travels on the soil. Soil compacted affect the crops development and yield, mainly because decrease the water disponibility, reduce the soil aeration and restrict root growth because increase the soil resistance to penetration. This study was performed at the experimental area of Federal Technological University of Paraná (UTFPR), Campus Dois Vizinhos, State of Paraná, Brazil. The present study was carried out with the objective of evaluating the change in soil physical properties and a Wheat grain yield in an Oxisol (Nitossolo Vermelho distroférrico, Brazilian Soil Classification System) submited to three initials compaction levels. The experimental design was a two-factors split-plot arranged in complete random blocks, with three repetitions. The main plots had three compaction levels: continuous no-tillage (PDC); no tillage with chiseling (PDE); no tillage with additional compaction (PDA). The subplots had the soil management systems: chiseling every two years; oil seed radish (Raphanus sativus L.) cultivated every two years, in the Fall; pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L.) cultivated every two years, in the Fall; and a control treatment without green manure and chiseling. The results showed that the chiseling reduced bulk density at depth 0,05 – 0,10 m, compared with levels continuous no-tillage and additional compaction, but, did not enhance performance the wheat. The soil chiseling or cover crops cultive showed effects on the physics soil properties evaluated, total porosity and resistance to penetration and increased the number of grains per spikelet The wheat yield wasn’t sensitive to changes on physics soil properties observed in the soil with different initial levels compaction and soil management systems.
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Souza, Francisco Carlos Almeida de. "Atributos físicos de solos submetidos à escarificação na linha de plantio e em área total para cultivo da cana-de-açúcar /." Jaboticabal, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/143900.

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Orientador: Carolina Fernandes
Banca: Ricardo Augusto Martins Cordeiro
Banca: José Eduardo Corá
Resumo: O preparo do solo é uma operação de alto custo na reforma do canavial, portanto medidas para a redução desse custo são desejáveis, desde que propiciem boas condições físicas para o desenvolvimento das plantas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os atributos físicos de Latossolo Vermelho e de Argissolo Amarelo após o preparo do solo e após o plantio da cana-de-açúcar. O delineamento experimental foi em parcelas grandes e uniformes com dois tratamentos e dez repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram no preparo do solo para plantio da cana-de-açúcar: escarificação na linha de plantio e escarificação em área total. Após o preparo do solo e após o plantio, foram coletadas amostras indeformadas de solo em cada parcela experimental, em quatro camadas: 0,00-0,10; 0,10-0,20; 0,20-0,40 e 0,40-0,60 m em dois locais de amostragem, na linha e na entrelinha de plantio. Foi avaliada a resistência à penetração, a densidade do solo, a porosidade total, a macroporosidade e a microporosidade. Os resultados indicaram que o Latossolo Vermelho foi mais susceptível que o Argissolo Amarelo às alterações nos atributos físicos do solo após as operações de plantio da cana-deaçúcar até a camada de 0,40 m. Para o Latossolo Vermelho, após as operações de plantio da cana-de-açúcar foi verificado redução nos valores dos atributos físicos do solo na camada superficial. Para o Argissolo Amarelo, as operações de plantio da cana-de-açúcar não influenciaram nos valores dos atributos físicos. A escarificação do s... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The soil tillage demands a high cost operation to repair the canebrake. So, it is necessary some activities to reduce these costs to get good physical conditions for plant development. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physical attributes of Oxisol and Ultisol, after the soil have been prepared and after sugar cane plantation. The experimental approach was in big and uniforms parcels with two treatments and ten repetitions. The treatment was made in the prepare of soil and in the cane plantation: chiselling in the planting line and in total area. After the soil has been prepared, also after planting sugar cane, some undeformed samples of soil was collected in each experimental parcel, in four layers: 0,00-0,10; 0,10-0,20; 0,20-0,40 and 0,40-0,60 m in two different place, in the line and between line of planting area. It was also evaluated the resistance and penetration, soil density, total porosity, macro and micro porosity. The results indicates that Oxisol was more susceptible than Ultisol to alterations in the soil physical attributes after operations in cane plantation until the layer 0,40 m. For the Oxisol, after the plantation of sugar cane, was verified some reduction of values in soil physical attributes in the superficial layer. For Ultisol, the operations in the planted area of sugar cane did not influence in these attributes values. The chiselling of soil was done just in the planting line of sugar cane, it indicates that the chiselling is more recommended ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Books on the topic "Soil physics. Soils"

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"College on Soil Physics" (2001 Abdus Salaam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste, Italy). Soils and soil physics in continental environment. Edited by Achyuthan Hema and International Centre for Theoretical Physics. New Delhi: Allied Publishers, 2003.

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Environmental soil physics. San Diego, CA: Academic Press, 1998.

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Introduction to environmental soil physics. Amsterdam: Elsevier Academic Press, 2004.

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Tsuchi to nōchi: Tsuchi ga motsu samazama na kinō. Tōkyō-to Bunkyō-ku: Yōkendō, 2013.

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1935-, Tabuchi Toshio, and Warkentin Benno P, eds. Soil-water interactions: Mechanisms and applications. New York, N.Y: Dekker, 1988.

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Iwata, Shingo. Soil-water interactions: Mechanisms and applications. 2nd ed. New York: M. Dekker, 1995.

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1935-, Tabuchi Toshio, and Warkentin Benno P, eds. Soil-water interactions: Mechanisms and applications. 2nd ed. New York: M. Dekker, 1995.

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I, Aleksandrovskai︠a︡ E., ed. Ėvoli︠u︡t︠s︡ii︠a︡ pochv i geograficheskai︠a︡ sreda. Moskva: Nauka, 2005.

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I, Kulikov A., and Korsunov Vladimir Mikhaĭlovich, eds. Agrofizicheskie svoĭstva merzlotnykh pochv. Novosibirsk: "Nauka," Sibirskoe otd-nie, 1990.

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Bonneau, Maurice. Constituants et propriétés du sol. 2nd ed. Paris: Masson, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Soil physics. Soils"

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Barros, Alexandre Hugo Cezar, and Quirijn de Jong van Lier. "Pedotransfer Functions for Brazilian Soils." In Application of Soil Physics in Environmental Analyses, 131–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06013-2_6.

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Vieira, Sidney Rosa, Célia Regina Grego, George Clarke Topp, and Willian Daniel Reynolds. "Spatial Relationships Between Soil Water Content and Hydraulic Conductivity in a Highly Structured Clay Soils." In Application of Soil Physics in Environmental Analyses, 75–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06013-2_4.

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Durner, Wolfgang, Efstathios Diamantopoulos, Sascha C. Iden, and Benedikt Scharnagl. "Hydraulic Properties and Non-equilibrium Water Flow in Soils." In Application of Soil Physics in Environmental Analyses, 403–34. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06013-2_17.

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Bassoi, Luis Henrique. "Monitoring Soil Water in Irrigated Soils of the Brazilian Semi-arid Region: An Opportunity to Improve Water Use." In Application of Soil Physics in Environmental Analyses, 223–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06013-2_10.

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Ottoni, Marta Vasconcelos, Maria Leonor Ribeiro Casimiro Lopes-Assad, Yakov Pachepsky, and Otto Corrêa Rotunno Filho. "A Hydrophysical Database to Develop Pedotransfer Functions for Brazilian Soils: Challenges and Perspectives." In Application of Soil Physics in Environmental Analyses, 467–94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06013-2_20.

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Bouma, Johan. "Knowledge Chains, Linking Cutting-Edge Research on Flow Phenomena in Soils with Tacit Knowledge from Field Research." In Application of Soil Physics in Environmental Analyses, 3–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06013-2_1.

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Vaz, Carlos Manoel Pedro, Markus Tuller, Paulo Renato Orlandi Lasso, and Sílvio Crestana. "New Perspectives for the Application of High-Resolution Benchtop X-Ray MicroCT for Quantifying Void, Solid and Liquid Phases in Soils." In Application of Soil Physics in Environmental Analyses, 261–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06013-2_12.

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Zaman, M., K. Kleineidam, L. Bakken, J. Berendt, C. Bracken, K. Butterbach-Bahl, Z. Cai, et al. "Direct and Indirect Effects of Soil Fauna, Fungi and Plants on Greenhouse Gas Fluxes." In Measuring Emission of Agricultural Greenhouse Gases and Developing Mitigation Options using Nuclear and Related Techniques, 151–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55396-8_5.

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AbstractSoils harbour diverse soil faunaand a wide range of soil microorganisms. These fauna and microorganisms directly contribute to soil greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes via their respiratory and metabolic activities and indirectly by changing the physical, chemical and biological properties of soils through bioturbation, fragmentation and redistribution of plant residues, defecation, soil aggregate formation, herbivory, and grazing on microorganisms and fungi. Based on recent results, the methods and results found in relation to fauna as well as from fungi and plants are presented. The approaches are outlined, and the significance of these hitherto ignored fluxes is discussed.
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Tan, Xiaohui, Muzi Hu, C. Hsein Juang, Peng Li, and Mengfen Shen. "Evaluation of the Auto-Correlation Distance of Unsaturated Soils." In Proceedings of GeoShanghai 2018 International Conference: Multi-physics Processes in Soil Mechanics and Advances in Geotechnical Testing, 139–46. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0095-0_16.

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Zou, Haifeng, Songyu Liu, Guojun Cai, and Anand J. Puppala. "Multivariate Correlations Among SCPTU Parameters of Jiangsu Cohesionless Soils." In Proceedings of GeoShanghai 2018 International Conference: Multi-physics Processes in Soil Mechanics and Advances in Geotechnical Testing, 364–72. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0095-0_41.

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Conference papers on the topic "Soil physics. Soils"

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Konishi, C., K. Hayashi, T. Tanaka, and T. Abe. "Soil Classification and Looseness Evaluation by Rock Physics Based Cross-plot Analysis for Unsaturated Soils." In Near Surface Geoscience 2014 - 20th European Meeting of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20141999.

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Filimonov, Mikhail Yu, and Nataliia A. Vaganova. "Simulation of Thermal Fields in the Permafrost With Seasonal Cooling Devices." In 2012 9th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2012-90287.

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A new mathematical model of heat distribution in permafrost soils is considered taking into account different climatic and physical factors. The first group of factors includes consideration of solar radiation, seasonal changes of air temperature, leading to periodic thawing (freezing) of soil, and possible snow layers. The second group of factors is the heterogeneity of the soil, the presence of a number of piles, or foundation structures, seasonal cooling devices. Seasonal cooling devices are vapor-fluid devices consisting of a hermetically sealed and seasoned with coolant, metal pipe with diameter 57 mm, length up to 10 meters or more, consisting of aerial parts (condenser fins) up to 2.5 meters and an underground part. These devices operate without external power sources only by the laws of physics. Taking into account these factors leads to solution of three-dimensional quasilinear heat distribution equation (quasi-linear equation due to the dependence of the thermophysical parameters on temperature) of the Stefan problem in a rectangular parallelepiped, but also with a nonlinear boundary condition at the soil surface associated with solar radiation. It is assumed that the lateral faces of the computational domain are insulated and are chosen sufficiently far from the location of engineering structures, and a computational grid of large dimension to be used, with adaptation to the heat (cold) sources. Software product is designed for numerical simulation of thermal fields in permafrost and melted soil, taking into account thermal diffusion properties of the soil and heat exchange between the soil and air, including also due to heat loss by radiation. The paper is devoted to the results of numerical simulations carried out for the project work in several oil and gas fields in Russia, located in the permafrost zone.
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Volokitin, Mitrofan. "PHYSICAL DEGRADATION OF SOILS DURING THEIR USE." In Land Degradation and Desertification: Problems of Sustainable Land Management and Adaptation. LLC MAKS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m1712.978-5-317-06490-7/218-222.

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The issues related to the degradation of agrophysical parameters of soils are considered. The studies were carried out on gray forest soils of the northern forest-steppe. The assessment of the degree of degradation of the water resistance of the macrostructure of soils during their agricultural use has been carried out. The relationship between the bulk density and the lowest moisture capacity, inter-aggregate cohesion and the filtration coefficient of gray forest soil has been established. Soil losses during thawed runoff were estimated.
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Wong, C. K., R. G. Wan, R. Wong, and B. Liu. "Physical Modelling on Buried Pipeline Response in Elasto-Viscoplastic Soils." In 2016 11th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2016-64249.

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Buried pipeline systems may traverse sections of unstable soil masses. Long-term ground movement may induce large strains on the pipe over time. To maintain the integrity of the pipeline, pipeline engineers and designers need to assess the frequency of critical ground movements to perform necessary remediation such as a stress relief procedure to prolong pipeline operation. The frequency of applying necessary remediation measures will vary depending on the rate of soil displacement in elasto-viscoplastic soils such as clay. Previous experimental work on simulating soil-pipe interactions was completed extensively on granular soils such as sand. Thus, an experimental program in simulating soil-pipe interaction for buried pipes in elasto-viscoplastic soils is highlighted in this paper. The experimental setup comprises a steel soil chamber (0.9 m in width and height, 2.4 m in length) with a steel pipe (150 mm diameter) being embedded in a compacted clay inside the chamber. The pipe is subjected to relative longitudinal, vertical uplift, and horizontal transverse displacements. The equipment setup has the ability to control and vary the displacement rate of the pipe. Hence, the effect of various displacement rates on the system response or the subgrade reaction can be studied. The system response or the subgrade reaction is recorded in a data acquisition system. In this paper, preliminary results of a vertical uplift test will be compared with existing guidelines from the American Lifelines Alliance (ALA). The ALA guidelines have yet to incorporate the effect of varying soil displacement rates in determining maximum loads subjected onto a pipeline.
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Takahashi, Hiroshi, Satoshi Sekino, and Hisayoshi Hashimoto. "Swirling Flow Effect on Mixing Performance of Excavated Soils and Additives in Soil-Recycling Machine." In ASME/JSME 2003 4th Joint Fluids Summer Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2003-45700.

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Recently, an excavated soil-recycling machine has been receiving considerable attentions. The mobile type excavated soil-recycling machine is able to improve the soils by adding the additives such as slaked lime and cement at the construction site. However, not only the mechanical factors such as paddle inclination angle and pitch of the paddle but also the physical properties of the excavated soils affect the mixing performance of the excavated soils and additives. In this sense, experimental investigations are uneconomical and ineffective. This paper concerns with the numerical simulator to analyze the mixing behavior of excavated soils and additives in the soil-recycling machine with dual shafts in order to assist the economical and effective design of the optimum soil-recycling machine. By using the simulator, several simulations were carried out, and the effects of some mechanical parameters such as the paddle inclination angle and pitch of the paddle on the mixing performance were made clear.
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Bezuglova, O. S. "THE IMPORTANCE OF THE RED BOOK OF SOILS FOR MONITORING AND JUSTIFICATION OF CONSERVATION MEASURES." In STATE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF AGRIBUSINESS. DSTU-PRINT, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/interagro.2020.1.51-54.

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Rostov Region belongs to the highly protected natural territories characterized by the continuous plowing. There territories are the only reserves with the soils preserved in their natural state. However, these areas often lack detailed information about the soils quality and composition. Surveying soils on these territories is crucial for determination of their basic physical and chemical properties. The resulted compilation of soil maps could lay a foundation for creating the Red Book of Soils and the formation of a section in the soil-geographical database of the Russian Federation. Subsequently, such information can be used as a background data for the main types of soils in the region. It will be also valuable during monitoring and justification of conservation measures.
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Neelamani, S., and K. Al-Banaa. "Inline and Vertical Wave Force Variation due to Burial of Submarine Pipeline in Random Wave Fields." In ASME 2011 30th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2011-49431.

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Marine pipelines encounter significant dynamic forces due to the action of waves. In order to reduce such forces, they are buried below the seabed. The wave force on the pipeline at any depth of burial for the given hydrodynamic condition depends on the properties of the sea bed soil. Physical model is used for assessing the hydrodynamic force on the pipeline for a wide range of random wave conditions, for different burial depths and in four types of soils. It is found that for all the four soil types, the horizontal force reduces with increase in depth of burial, whereas the vertical force generally increases up to certain depth of burial, mainly due to the significant change in the magnitude as well as the phase lag between the pore water pressures in the vertical direction. Among the soils, well graded soil is good for half burial of pipeline, since the least vertical force occurs for this soil. On the other hand, uniformly graded and low hydraulic conductivity soil attracts the maximum vertical force for half burial. On the other hand, such soil is good for full burial or further increase of burial, since it attracts less vertical force when compared to the other soils. The results of this study will help the submarine pipeline design engineers to select the minimum safe burial depth in a range of cohesion-less soil.
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Pechkin, A. S., E. V. Agbalian, E. V. Shinkaruk, N. A. Khnycheva, V. V. Melnikova, K. V. Iulbarisova, and A. S. Krasnenko. "BACKGROUND PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SOIL COVER OF THE NORTHERN PART OF THE STATE RESERVE «VERKHNE-TAZOVSKY»." In Prirodopol'zovanie i ohrana prirody: Ohrana pamjatnikov prirody, biologicheskogo i landshaftnogo raznoobrazija Tomskogo Priob'ja i drugih regionov Rossii. Izdatel'stvo Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/978-5-94621-954-9-2020-50.

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Analytical studies of background soils on the territory of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug were Carried out using generally accepted methods in soil science. Low availability of tested soils with organic matter and basic exchange cations is shown. Indicators of heavy metal concentrations, silt and humus content, and sorbents (iron and manganese hydroxides) were obtained.
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"Stabilization of Black Cotton Soil with Groundnut Shell Ash." In Recent Advancements in Geotechnical Engineering. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644901618-6.

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Abstract. The analysis of GSA for the stabilization of soil samples is the subject of this research paper. In recent years, soil stabilization techniques have been effective in improving the shear strength parameters of poor soils. GSA is a naturally occurring substance that causes human health and environmental issues. Physical properties of soil were calculated, including Atterberg's limits, compaction characteristics, and strength characteristics of virgin soil samples. GSA was applied to the soil in various percentages (2 to 10 percent). The soil sample's intensity increased up to 6% before decreasing. It is clear that 6% of GSA to the soil is an optimum percentage and it leads to an increase in shear strength and bearing capacity in expansive soil.
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Голодная, О. М., and Е. А. Жарикова. "FEATURES OF TEXURE OF SOILS OF THE KHANKAISKIY NATURE RESERVE." In Геосистемы Северо-Восточной Азии. Crossref, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35735/tig.2021.41.82.013.

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Изучение гранулометрического состава почв Ханкайского заповедника показало, что профили почв представляют собой многослойные спектры различного литологического сложения. Сложность почвенных профилей по гранулометрическому составу определяется степенью проявления поемного и аллювиального процессов, литологическими особенностями почвообразующего материала. По типу сложения выделено несколько литологических групп. Темно-гумусовые глеевые, аллювиальные луговые глеевые почвы и буроземы глееватые отличаются резкой дифференциацией профиля по гранулометрическому составу на верхнюю легкую и нижнюю глинистую толщу. Для этих почв отмечено наибольшее содержание фракций физической глины и ила по всему почвенному профилю. Буроземы типичные и аллювиальные луговые глееватые, вышедшие из зоны затопления, характеризуются литологически однородным легким составом. В этих почвах выявлено высокое содержание фракций мелкого песка. The soil profiles the Khankaiskiy Nature Reserve represent multilayer spectra of various lithological addition. The complexity of soil profiles in terms of particle-size distribution is determined by the degree of manifestation of soil and alluvial processes, lithological features of soil-forming material. Several lithological groups are distinguished by the type of texture. Dark humus gley, alluvial meadow gley soils and burozem gleyic shrouds are distinguished by a sharp differentiation of the profile by granulometric composition into an upper light and lower clay thickness. The largest content of fractions of physical clay and silt was noted throughout the profiles for these soils. Burozem typical and alluvial meadow gleyic soils that have emerged from the flood zone characterize this with a lithologically homogeneous light composition. A high content of fine sand fractions was revealed in these soils.
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Reports on the topic "Soil physics. Soils"

1

McGuire, J. P. Physical separations soil washing system cold test results. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10193533.

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Iskander, Magued, and Stephan Bless. Visualizing the Fundamental Physics of Rapid Earth Penetration Using Transparent Soils. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada621820.

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3

Hoek, J., W. van den Berg, M. Wesselink, W. Sukkel, P. Mäder, E. Bünemann, G. Bongiorno, et al. iSQAPER task WP 3.3 soil quality indicators : Influence of soil type and land management on chemical, physical and biological soil parameters assessed visually and analytically. Wageningen: Stichting Wageningen Research, Wageningen Plant Research, Business unit Open Teelten, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/472638.

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Wierenga, P., A. Toorman, D. Hudson, J. Vinson, M. Nash, and R. Hills. Soil physical properties at the Las Cruces trench site. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5497085.

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D. L. Kelting and H. L. Allen. Influence of surface and subsurface tillage on soil physical properties and soil/plant relationships of planted loblolly pine. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/758307.

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Six, Johan, and Alain F. Plante. Physico-chemical and Bio-chemical Controls on Soil C Saturation Behavior. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1015558.

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Classen, Aimee T. Final report: Incorporating rhizosphere interactions and soil physical properties into a soil carbon degradation model through experimenting across ecotypes. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1499258.

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8

Belden, R. D. Soil washing physical separations test procedure - 300-FF-1 operable unit. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10156908.

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Dixon, K. L., V. A. Rogers, S. P. Conner, C. L. Cummings, J. B. Gladden, and J. M. Weber. Geochemical and physical properties of wetland soils at the Savannah River site. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/568623.

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Frankenstein, Susan, and Michael Parker. Physical properties of highly organic soils and their importance to mobility considerations. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), June 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/32923.

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