Journal articles: 'Soil pollution ; Soil remediation'

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Paz-Ferreiro, Jorge, Gabriel Gascó, Ana Méndez, and Suzie Reichman. "Soil Pollution and Remediation." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 8 (August 5, 2018): 1657. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15081657.

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Yu, Ke, Fu Zhen Zhang, Yong Hui Bo, and Jie Liu. "Summary of Study on Technology to Soil Sulfur Pollution Remediation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 644-650 (September 2014): 5399–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.644-650.5399.

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With the strengthening of human activities, more and more sulfur had entered soil system. The sulfur pollution of soil had threaten environment and human health. This paper reviews the status, sources and danger of sulfur pollution soils, and the physical-chemical remediation and bioremediation technology are also discussed. In addition, the future study on remediation technology for sulfur pollution soils was prospected.

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ZHOU, Dongmei, Xin SONG, Fangjie ZHAO, and Baohua GU. "Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation." Pedosphere 27, no. 3 (June 2017): 387–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1002-0160(17)60359-x.

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Ranieri, Ezio, Fabian Bombardelli, Petros Gikas, and Bernardino Chiaia. "Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation." Applied and Environmental Soil Science 2016 (2016): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9415175.

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Shi, Binli, Xiaohui Zhang, and Aiping Gou. "Research on heavy metal pollution remediation technology in farmland soil." E3S Web of Conferences 206 (2020): 02011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020602011.

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Soil is the foundation of agricultural sustainable development. After nearly 40 years of rapid economic development and highly intensive agricultural production, our country’s farmland soil is facing severe soil heavy metal pollution. The situation of heavy metal pollution in farmland soil in China is not optimistic and poses a threat to the safe production of agricultural products and food safety. Therefore, the treatment and restoration of soil heavy metal pollution has received extensive attention. According to the actual situation of soil pollution in our country, the prevention, control and remediation of soil heavy metal pollution has become a major national demand. This article discusses the current status of soil heavy metal pollution control in our country and the main remediation technologies. Aiming at the characteristics and shortcomings of various remediation technologies, it proposes the improvement and development direction of heavy metal contaminated soil remediation technology to provide reference for soil remediation technology research.

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Cui, Fang, and Bo Yuan. "The Remediation Standards and Evaluation Methods for Remediation Effectiveness of Contaminated Soil." Advanced Materials Research 414 (December 2011): 68–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.414.68.

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The contaminated soil remediation standard formulation's aim is under the premise of ensuring the reuse of contaminated land, to reduce or cut the contaminants which cause to receive in the more serious contaminated soil environment is insufficient to lead to greater ecological damage and health risks. In this paper, some suggestions on the establishment of remediation standards for contaminated soils such as clean technology factors, factors of soil background values, standards and regulations to control pollution of ecological factors and assessment of toxicological risks were put forward, based on the analysis of the disadvantages of soil environmental quality standard research on evaluation methods for remediation effectiveness of contaminated soil, commonly used evaluation methods, such as phytotoxicity testing, terrestrial invertebrate toxicity testing, soil microorganism toxicity testing and biomarker assessment methods were described. Furthermore, future research directions were also discussed.

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Jamil, Norashira, Aziman Madun, Saiful Azhar Ahmad Tajudin, and Zaidi Embong. "An Overview of Electrokinetic Remediation Assisted Phytoremediation to Remediate Barren Acidic Soil." Applied Mechanics and Materials 773-774 (July 2015): 1476–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.773-774.1476.

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Electrokinetic has proven to be alternative technique to remediate pollution and increase soil strength for soft soil. This remediation method has been applied to remediate the hydrocarbon and heavy metal contaminant. Phytoremediation is a technique used to remediate the hydrocarbon and heavy metal contaminant. Both of this remediation technique has been proven as attractive alternative to clean up polluted soils. Although barren acidic soil is not categories as hazardous, the necessity of covered soil surface is on demand in order to minimize the surface erosion. Other than that, this remediation technology also helps in horticulture in order to enlarge the plantation and farming area. This paper will explain the formation of barren acidic soil, principles electrokinetic remediation for remediation of barren acidic soil and application of phytoremediation in order to sustain the process of remediation. Correlation of both remediation methods will minimize the acidic ion migration and sustain the pH value on soil surface for grass, vegetable or palm oil plantation.

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Bertin, Henri, Estefania Del Campo Estrada, and Olivier Atteia. "Foam placement for soil remediation." Environmental Chemistry 14, no. 5 (2017): 338. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en17003.

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Environmental contextSoil pollution is an important concern and remediation techniques, especially in situ techniques, should be studied. We investigate a new technique based on foam generation and placement inside the porous soil to improve the pollutant extraction. This technique could be useful when the soils are heterogeneous because it allows a complete soil sweeping. AbstractFoam can be generated in porous media, mainly by snap-off phenomena, by co-injecting gas and a surfactant solution. The liquid films that separate the gas bubbles, called lamellae, and gas trapping in small pores where capillary pressure is high generate a resistance to flow that drastically decreases fluid mobilities in porous media. Experiments performed with a 2D laboratory pilot consisting of two layers with different properties clearly highlight that foam is generated in the high-permeability layer and will divert flow towards the low-permeability region. This behaviour is of great interest for the remediation of heterogeneous polluted soils.

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Vrancuta, Luciana. "A Potential Method of Chemical Remediation of Arable Lands Polluted with Heavy Metals." “Agriculture for Life, Life for Agriculture” Conference Proceedings 1, no. 1 (July 1, 2018): 409–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/alife-2018-0062.

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Abstract Soils from agricultural areas are under anthropic pressures, one of the causes being atmospheric deposition of heavy metals. In order to prevent that diffuse pollution affects the soil for long term it is important to reduce the releases of pollutant from air and water. In this paper it was analysed a potential method of chemical remediation applied to the case of an accidental situation of arable soil pollution with heavy metals. The technology of remediation proposed is based on a chemical fixation by adding a reagent into the contaminated soil where it reacts with heavy metals and form insoluble complexes. The organic reagent is one of the best-known and most frequently used in extraction and trace analysis. So, the chemical remediation proposed could decrease the migration of heavy metals in soil and subsequently, in water, plant and other environmental media.

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Aziz, Humera, Xiukang Wang, Ghulam Murtaza, Ambreen Ashar, Sarfraz Hussain, Muhammad Abid, Behzad Murtaza, Muhammad Hamzah Saleem, Sajid Fiaz, and Shafaqat Ali. "Evaluation of Compost and Biochar to Mitigate Chlorpyrifos Pollution in Soil and Their Effect on Soil Enzyme Dynamics." Sustainability 13, no. 17 (August 29, 2021): 9695. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13179695.

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The widespread environmental contamination of chlorpyrifos (CP) has raised human health concerns and necessitated cost-effective methods for its remediation. The current study evaluated the degradation behavior of CP in compost and biochar amended and unamended (original and sterilized) soils in an incubation trial. Two levels of CP (100 and 200 mg kg−1), compost and biochar (0.50%) were applied, and soil was collected at different time intervals. At the higher CP level (200 mg kg−1), CP a showed lower degradation rate (ƙ = 0.0102 mg kg−1 d−1) compared with a low CP level (ƙ = 0.0173 mg kg−1 d−1). The half-lives of CP were 40 and 68 days for CP at 100 and 200 mg kg−1 in original soil, respectively, and increased to 94 and 141 days in sterilized soils. CP degradation was accelerated in compost amended soils, while suppressed in biochar amended soils. Lower half lives of 20 and 37 days were observed with compost application at CP 100 and 200 mg kg−1 doses, respectively. The activities of soil enzymes were considerably affected by the CP contamination and significantly recovered in compost and biochar amended soils. In conclusion, the application of organic amendments especially compost is an important strategy for the remediation of CP contaminated soil.

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He, Yao, Na Ding, Mengxuan Han, Xinshuai Wang, Hua Lin, and Guo Yu. "The current knowledge of hyperaccumulator plants." E3S Web of Conferences 261 (2021): 04019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126104019.

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In recent years, heavy metal pollution in soil has become a serious problem. Remediation technologies have been developed, such as physical remediation, chemical remediation, microbial remediation and other technologies. Among them, phytoremediation has been widely used in practice. In this paper, the present situation of heavy metal pollution in soil in China, the research progress of remediation technology of heavy metal contaminated soil and the remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil by hyperaccumulators are reviewed, to help with follow-up research in this area.

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Tang, Xin, and Yuqin Ni. "Review of Remediation Technologies for Cadmium in soil." E3S Web of Conferences 233 (2021): 01037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123301037.

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Heavy metal pollution in soil has seriously affected the living environment of human beings. Among all heavy metal pollution, cadmium (Cd) is one of the most difficult to migrate pollutants in soil. In China, more than 11 provinces and 25 regions are rich in cadmium in the soil. At present, many researchers are looking for a proper Cd pollution remediation method. Through literature review and comparative analysis, this study summarized the main repair methods, including physical repair (digging and filling, electro kinetic remediation, frozen soil remediation technology, stabilization technology), chemical curing technology (chemical healing technology, chemical extraction), bioremediation technology (Phytoremediation technology, microbial remediation technology, animal repair technology), and joint repair (Chelating agent phytoremediation, microbial remediation). Finally, we explored the principles of these methods and compared their advantages and disadvantages. It was found that the application and selection of different treatment technologies depended on Cd rich soil area, Cd pollutant content, treatment time and other factors. In the future, the remediation of soil cadmium pollution should be scientifically selected according to the local actual situation and pay attention to the joint application of various methods.

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Hirata, Tatemasa. "Soil Pollution and Remediation Technologies of Japan." Waste Management Research 14, no. 2 (2003): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3985/wmr.14.85.

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Sakshi, S. K. Singh, and A. K. Haritash. "Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: soil pollution and remediation." International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 16, no. 10 (May 25, 2019): 6489–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13762-019-02414-3.

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李, 燕. "Application of Biochar in Soil Pollution Remediation." Hans Journal of Agricultural Sciences 10, no. 09 (2020): 746–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/hjas.2020.109113.

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Yarima, A., R. Ali, A. A. Abdullahi, and Z. Idris. "Nanotechnology: Review on Emerging Techniques in Remediating Water and Soil Pollutions." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 24, no. 5 (June 24, 2020): 933–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v24i5.31.

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Environmental Pollution is becoming a global challenge in both developing and the developed countries, pollutants discharge from oil and gas industries and or agricultural practices continue effecting the health of human and other animal in an ecosystem in one way or the other. This necessitated the development of a techniques to clean up of the polluted environment. Remediation of pollutants relies mainly on using varioustechniques like physical, chemical and or biological methods for the removal of contaminants from different environmental media be it soil, water, and or air. These techniques have their own limitations as the toxicity of the degrading agents, time consuming and the fate of the environment after remediation matters a lot. Therefore, nanotechnology is gaining interest in remediating pollutions as nanoparticles are relatively cost effective, sensitive and selective and can be used as sensors to monitor toxins, organic contaminants and heavy metals in land, water and or air. The enhanced properties and effectiveness of nanotechnology-based materials makes them suitable for nano remediation. This review provides an overview of the nanomaterials: Organic based nanomaterials (Dendrimers), inorganic (TiO2, nZVI), carbon-based (Carbon nanotubes, (CNTs)), and composite-based materials) used in environmental remediation. These nanomaterials were reported to remediate different contaminants in theenvironment such as heavy metals, pathogens, pesticides, dyes, chlorinated organic compounds, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Keywords: Nanotechnology, nanoparticles, Nano remediation, pollutions and environments.

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Shi, Yi, Fa Sheng Li, Xiao Ming Du, Zhu Xu, Yan Ma, Zheng Li, Ji Dun Fang, Chun Ming Zhang, and Qun Hui Wang. "A Remediation Study of Soils Contaminated by Chlorinated Hydrocarbons with Mechanical Soil Aeration." Advanced Materials Research 878 (January 2014): 751–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.878.751.

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Mechanical soil aeration is an effective and low cost ex-situ remediation technique suitable for large areas of volatile organic contaminated sites. To understand the effectiveness of the remediation technique, the current study remediated an abandoned industry site for a typical chlor-alkali chemical using this technology. The results showed that the technology is effective in the remediation of volatile organic compounds with a pass percentage greater than 90%. The results also showed that a lower vapor pressure or higher molecular weight with the similar concentration of pollution resulted in higher residual concentrations, which need increasing agitation frequency or machine power to promote the volatilization of pollutants. In addition, we found that the more pollution or water or organic matters (more than 1%) contained, the higher concentration of residual. These type of soils should be remediated not only by physical agitations but also by other strengthen measures and long period. The present study aims to promote the remediation of contaminated sites, especially large areas contaminated by volatile contaminants.

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Zhao, Shu Ting, Hua Chang Li, and Ye Hong Shi. "Speciation Analysis of Antimony and Arsenic in Soil and Remediation of Antimony and Arsenic in Contaminated Soils." Advanced Materials Research 1088 (February 2015): 578–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1088.578.

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Antimony and arsenic are recognized to be toxic carcinogens. With the development of chemical industry, antimony and arsenic pollution problems are becoming more and more serious in soil. This paper described speciation analysis of antimony and arsenic in soil in the latest technical progress. Speciation analysis of arsenic and antimony which use joint techniques and non joint techniques are summarized. This paper also introduced various remediation technologies for antimony and arsenic contaminated soil. Finally, the trend for future technical development in remediation of antimony and arsenic in contaminated soils and speciation analysis is prospected.

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Yingying, Sun, Zhang Baoqiang, and Wei Yang. "Application of clay minerals in remediation of heavy metal pollution in soil." E3S Web of Conferences 204 (2020): 01011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020401011.

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In modern times where heavy metal pollution in soil is becoming more and more serious, the new natural non-polluting remediation methods represented by clay mineral materials have attracted more and more attention in the industry.In this paper, the research progress on the types and basic characteristics of clay mineral materials, the effect and mechanism of remediation of heavy metal pollution in soil at home and abroad was comprehensively discussed. The deficiencies of relevant studies were also summarized, and the future research trend was predicted.

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Cui, Jia-Qi, Qing-Sheng He, Ming-Hui Liu, Hong Chen, Ming-Bo Sun, and Jian-Ping Wen. "Comparative Study on Different Remediation Strategies Applied in Petroleum-Contaminated Soils." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 5 (March 2, 2020): 1606. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051606.

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Due to the increasing pollution by petroleum hydrocarbons (PHs), it is an important task to develop eco-friendly and highly efficient methods for remediating petroleum-contaminated soils. In this study, bioremediation technology was applied to remediate PHs contaminated soils, and the bacterial community structure and physicochemical characteristics of the soil treated using different bioremediation regimens were analyzed. Compared with the control condition (S0), the PHs removal efficiency of biostimulation (S2) and bioaugmentation (S3) was increased significantly. Combined biostimulation with bioaugmentation (S4) had the highest PHs removal efficiency, up to 60.14 ± 4.12%. Among all the selected remediation strategies (S1–S4, S1: soil moisture content: 25–30%), the bacterial alpha-diversity was higher than in S0. The genera Acinetobacter, Escherichia-Shigella, Bacteroides, Microbacterium, and Parabacteroides were found to greatly contribute to PHs’ degradation. In the group S4, the PH-degraders and soil enzyme activity were higher than in the other remediation regimens, and these indices gradually decreased in the mid-to-later periods of all remediation tests. Additionally, the abundance of alkB and nah genes was increased by improving the environmental condition of the microorganism communities. Redundancy analysis (RDA) revealed that the total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) had a positive correlation with total PHs degradation. This study offers insights into the microbial community response to environmental factors during bioremediation, which shows a promoting effect in enhancing the efficiency of PHs remediation.

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Okx, Joop P., Leen Hordijk, and Alfred Stein. "Managing soil remediation problems." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 3, no. 4 (December 1996): 229–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02986966.

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Xie, Bin, Xiangwei Zhao, Jun Yang, Qingzhong Wang, and Shun Pan. "Research on Intelligent Supervision Method and System Developing of Soil Remediation Project Based on 3D Mobile GIS." E3S Web of Conferences 131 (2019): 01085. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201913101085.

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At present, some problems such as inconvenient manual supervision, lack of real-time online supervision and poor online interaction during the implementation of soil remediation project. In order to solve the problems, the supervision method and system development of soil remediation project are studied based on sensing online and 3D mobile GIS technologies. The remediation environment are monitored with fixed sensors online and the heavy metal content are sampled with the mobile sensors. The status of soil remediation site is supervised in real time with video online. All the real-time sensing data are integrated and stored in the comprehensive database. The information of soil pollution and remediation environment is visualized with maps and charts in 3D geographic scenes in the system. In addition, the pollution degree evaluation and remediation effect analysis functions are implemented in system. It is proved with the project practice that the method and system are convenient for managers to monitor the environment on-site and supervise the status of soil remediation site in real time. The informationization and intelligence level of soil remediation project can be effectively improved.

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Anwari, Gulaqa Aqa, Ajmal Mandozai, and Jin Feng. "Effects of Biochar Amendment on Soil Problems and Improving Rice Production under Salinity Conditions." Advanced Journal of Graduate Research 7, no. 1 (October 28, 2019): 45–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/ajgr.7.1.45-63.

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Soil with poor physio-chemical and biological properties prevent plant growth. These poor characteristics may be due to soil creation processes, but also include largely inappropriate agricultural practices and/or anthropogenic pollution. During the last 4 decades, the world has lost one-third of its cropland due to pollution and erosion. Therefore, a series of operations is required to improve and recover the soil. Biochar is a new multifunctional carbon material extensively used as a modifier to improve soil quality and crop production. Previous studies have discussed the properties of biochar with varying soil pollutants and their effects on soil productivity and carbon sequestration. Comparatively, little attention has been paid to the effects of biochar application on rice growth in the problem of soils, especially in the saline-sodic soils. A comprehensive review of the literature with a high focusing on the effects of biochar application on problem soils and rice-growing under salinity conditions is needed. The present review gives an overview of the soil's problem, biochar amendment effects on physicochemical properties of soil, and how the biochar amendment could interact in soil microbes and root with remediation under salinity conditions for improving rice productivity. The findings of this review showed that biochar application can improve soil quality, reduce soil's problem and increase rice production under salinity conditions. It is anticipated that further researches on the biochar amendment will increase our understanding of the interactions of biochar with soil components, accelerate our attempts on soil remediation, and improve rice production under salinity conditions.

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Samokhvalova, V. L., Y. A. Pogromskaya, A. I. Fateev, S. G. Zuza, and V. A. Zuza. "Environmental remediation of soils polluted mainly cadmium, zinc, and copper." Fundamental and Applied Soil Science 15, no. 1-2 (February 25, 2014): 42–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/041404.

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The method of remediation of soil technogenic polyelemental contaminated mainly Cd, Zn and Cu, where due to the use as a sorbent - ameliorants compounds of iron (II) and phosphate fertilizers in a certain ratio in accordance with the level of contamination of soils, increase in the efficiency of their environmental rehabilitation and recovery 's natural buffer properties, through influence on the processes of different hazard classes heavy metals migration and trophic regime in the soil, and of the plants productivity with higher rates of ecological safety. The technical result of the elaboration method is to accelerate the processes of heavy metals physical and chemical fixation by making joint structuring improver of inorganic type together with mineral substrates that are effectively reduce toxicity of pollutants, optimization and restoration of the environmental state of the soil-plant system, its resistance to pollution by heavy metals. The elaboration of the method involved the improvement of the known method, accelerated of the of physical-chemical fixation processes of heavy metals different hazard classes by application of soil improver of inorganic type compatible with the type of inorganic mineral substrates, which enables for effective impact on expanding the range of heavy metals different hazard classes unable to migration into adjacent soil environment and on their mobility, to provide optimization and restoration of the soil-plant system ecological state, its resistance to heavy metals pollution. Distinctive features and benefits of the proposed technical solution, compared with known techniques and approaches are the following: ensuring the effective reduction of the heavy metals toxicity of danger various classes with optimal conditions of physical and chemical adsorption mainly Cd, Zn and Cu by simultaneous restoration of natural soil properties (elemental composition, physical and chemical properties for the improvement of organic matter and soil trophic mode) and an allowance of the soil nutrients; resource costs reduce complexity and implementation procedures for environmental rehabilitation of contaminated soils at different levels of heavy metals pollution in areas of impact sustainable sources influence of technogenic emissions due to the accuracy of the determining the ratio of soil improvers inorganic type doses and fertilizers, effective impact of the proposed composition of the first year of application and prolongation of validity up to 5 years.

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Vann, Anthony R. "Book Review: Soil Pollution: Origin, Monitoring and Remediation." International Journal of Environment and Pollution 27, no. 1/2/3 (2006): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijep.2006.010525.

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Li, Yi Fang, Cheng Gong, Wen Qiang Wang, You Fang Li, and Zi Feng Zhou. "A Design of Continuous and Universal In Situ Remediation Appliance of Soil Combines." Advanced Materials Research 823 (October 2013): 205–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.823.205.

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Continuous and universal in-situ remediation appliance of soil combines taking soil, transmission and restoration of soil, which can achieve the in-situ remediation continuously and avoid the drawback of massive labor power and material resources using domestic soil ex-situ remediation device. The appliance supports many kinds of soil remediation technology, realizing the function of universal technology. And as for the area with serious pollution, various technology combinations can be selected to extend its function. The motion of specific remediation device in the appliance utilizes the single-chip controlling technology, controlling the remediation time interval of different technology. The program selection with various remediation technologies can be finished with buttons. Single-chip controlling system responds quickly, runs stably and precisely controls the remediation device.

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Gusiatin, Zygmunt M., Dorota Kulikowska, and Barbara Klik. "New-Generation Washing Agents in Remediation of Metal-Polluted Soils and Methods for Washing Effluent Treatment: A Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 17 (August 27, 2020): 6220. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176220.

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Soil quality is seriously reduced due to chemical pollution, including heavy metal (HM) pollution. To meet quality standards, polluted soils must be remediated. Soil washing/soil flushing offers efficient removal of heavy metals and decreases environmental risk in polluted areas. These goals can be obtained by using proper washing agents to remove HMs from soil. These washing agents should not pose unacceptable threats to humans and ecosystems, including soil composition. Currently, it is desirable to use more environmentally and economically attractive washing agents instead of synthetic, environmentally problematic chemicals (e.g., ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)). The usefulness of novel washing agents for treatment of heavy metal-contaminated soils is being intensively developed, in terms of the efficiency of HM removal and properties of washed soils. Despite the unquestionable effectiveness of soil washing/flushing, it should be remembered that both methods generate secondary fluid waste (spent washing solution), and the final stage of the process should be treatment of the contaminated spent washing solution. This paper reviews information on soil contamination with heavy metals. This review examines the principles and status of soil washing and soil flushing. The novel contribution of this review is a presentation of the sources and characteristics of novel washing agents and chemical substitutes for EDTA, with their potential for heavy metal removal. Methods for treating spent washing solution are discussed separately.

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Portier, Ralph J., Kimberly K. Barton, and John Koury. "Low intervention soil remediation approaches." Remediation Journal 5, no. 2 (March 1995): 57–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rem.3440050208.

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Mittal, Ayush, and Shalinee Shukla. "Remediation Technologies - A Comparative Study." Materials Science Forum 969 (August 2019): 697–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.969.697.

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Contaminated land is a legacy of industrial revolution as a result of rapid growth of industries. Since long back, the disposal of liquid and solid wastes on land though undesirable, has been in practice. The leachate generated out from these hazardous wastes infiltrates into the ground and causes multiple problems viz., ground water pollution, soil pollution, loss of nutrition value of soil and thereby severe damage to plantation growth, changes in the soil behavior (excessive swell/shrink) depending on the nature of waste. It also causes serious distress to the existing structures such as pavements, foundations, underground pipelines and culverts. The changes in the soil behaviour caused by ground contamination can lead to structural failures. The present paper describes various physical, chemical, biological, thermal and solidification/stabilization methods of soil and ground water remediation and their comparison on the basis of applicability, time and cost.

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Lee, Sang-Hwan, Min-Suk Kim, Jeong-Gyu Kim, and Soon-Oh Kim. "Use of Soil Enzymes as Indicators for Contaminated Soil Monitoring and Sustainable Management." Sustainability 12, no. 19 (October 5, 2020): 8209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12198209.

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Diagnosis of the risk of soil pollution and the performance of measures for the recovery of contaminated soil requires proper monitoring of the extent of soil function damage and its recovery process. Soil enzymes reveal ecosystem perturbations, are sensitive to management choices, and have been used as indicators of biogeochemical cycles, organic matter degradation, and soil remediation processes. Thus, enzymes can indicate, along with other physical or chemical properties, soil quality. In this paper, we review the effects of soil pollutants [toxic trace elements (TTE), and petroleum hydrocarbons (PHC)] on enzymatic activities and evaluate the usefulness of soil enzyme’s activity for monitoring recovery processes in contaminated soil. Soil enzymes can be said to be a powerful means of monitoring to properly indicate the degree of deterioration of soil quality caused by soil pollution and to diagnose the process of functional recovery of contaminated soil. Further research is needed to establish the quantitative relationships between the soil physico-chemical properties and enzyme activity and the effect of soil remediation on the functional recovery of soil-related to soil quality.

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Mukherjee, Irani, Madhuban Gopal, and T. K. Das. "Soil Amendment: A Technique for Soil Remediation of Lactofen." Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 79, no. 1 (June 30, 2007): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00128-007-9221-8.

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Mench, Michel, Jaco Vangronsveld, and Nick Lepp. "Soil and sediment remediation [SSR]." Environmental Pollution 144, no. 1 (November 2006): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2006.01.025.

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Dabke, Suneet V. "Vermi-remediation of Heavy Metal-Contaminated Soil." Journal of Health and Pollution 3, no. 4 (January 1, 2013): 4–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5696/2156-9614-3.4.4.

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Background. Rapid development in India has lead to pollution around industrial facilities. Earthworms are tolerant of many contaminants, and some are reported to remove heavy metals and pesticides from soil via tissue accumulation. Earthworm activity also increases levels of beneficial microbes. Objectives. Test vermi-remediation as a low-cost, on-site method of remediating heavy metal soil contamination. Methods. Soil was assessed for heavy metal contamination. Existing worm population was estimated via sampling, then the soil supplemented with beneficial bacteria, compost and a proprietary earthworm growth accelerator. Site was seeded with grass and maize, and Eisenia fetida worms introduced. Earthworm population was studied and soil contamination and accumulation in maize roots analyzed at the end of the project. Discussion. Worms were expected to remove heavy metals via bio-accumulation and also stimulate microbial remediation by increasing soil micro-organisms. Conclusions. The study showed positive results, with a reduction in chromium and survival of introduced earthworms, which reproduced after soil treatment, indicating improved conditions. Chromium concentrations were reduced to as low as 4.54mg/kg from a high of 194.17 mg/kg. There was variation in iron content and a controlled reduction in cadmium and lead. Due to limited funding, further study of the soil's final nutrient balance and earthworm analysis was not possible. Further study is necessary.

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Zheng, Renji, Xuezhen Feng, Wensong Zou, Ranhao Wang, Dazhong Yang, Wenfei Wei, Shangying Li, and Hong Chen. "Converting loess into zeolite for heavy metal polluted soil remediation based on “soil for soil-remediation” strategy." Journal of Hazardous Materials 412 (June 2021): 125199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125199.

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Xu, Kun, Ya-Xin Liu, Cheng-Xiu Lu, and Jie-Min Cheng. "A Review: Toxicity Effects and Influence Factors of the Nanomaterials Used in Stabilizing/Immobilizing Heavy Metals in Soils." Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Letters 11, no. 5 (May 1, 2019): 601–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/nnl.2019.2941.

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Nanomaterials (NMs), especially those applied for the remediation of mild heavy metalcontaminated soils (HMCS), may have potential ecological risks due to they are used in large quantities and may interact with the original heavy metals (HMs) in soils, resulting in more complex toxicological effects. This paper briefly summarizes the current status of toxicological studies on the effects of NMs on plant, soil enzyme activity and soil animals, and concludes the main factors that affect their toxicity when they applied in remediation of HMCS, including effects of nanoparticles (NPs) chemical compositions, morphologies, sizes and surface properties, effects of the interaction between HMs and NPs and effects of NPs transport and transformation abilities in different soils. A critical view in this paper is that before using NMs for environmental pollution control, further ecological risk assessments are warranted. This review can provide reference for future research on the behavior and toxicity of NMs in soils, especially for those studies on the application of NMs in the remediation of HMCS.

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Virkutyte, Jurate, Mika Sillanpää, and Petri Latostenmaa. "Electrokinetic soil remediation — critical overview." Science of The Total Environment 289, no. 1-3 (April 2002): 97–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0048-9697(01)01027-0.

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Xu, Hui, Wen Jun Xie, and Zhao Hua Lu. "Petroleum Contaminated Soil Remediation Using Six Wild Plant Species in the Yellow River Delta." Applied Mechanics and Materials 246-247 (December 2012): 598–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.246-247.598.

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The tolerance and remediation efficiency of six local wild plant species in petroleum-contaminated soils in the Yellow River Delta were conducted at three contaminated levels, i.e., uncontaminated soil (control), soil contamination by petroleum at 1.48% (w/w, TI), and soil contamination by petroleum at 2.96% (w/w, TII). After 60 days, six plant species showed different petroleum contamination tolerance and degradation capability in soil. The degradation ability of Setaria viridis, Alopecurus pratensis and Echinochloa crusgalli(L) Beauv was significantly higher than that of Festuca elata, Eleusine indica (P<0.05). Suaeda salsa had the least degradation ability. Plant had the high ability to degrade petroleum in the weak pollution soil, which might be due to the low re-straining effect on plant growth. Based on their petroleum contamination tolerance and removal ef-ficiency, we suggest Alopecurus pratensis, Setaria viridis, Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv and Festuca elata are suitable for petroleum-contaminated soil remediation in the Yellow River Delta.

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Abdulhamid, Sazan Nariman, Ahmed Mohammed Hasan, and Shuokr Qarani Aziz. "Solidification/Stabilization of Contaminated Soil in a South Station of the Khurmala Oil Field in Kurdistan Region, Iraq." Applied Sciences 11, no. 16 (August 14, 2021): 7474. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11167474.

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Currently, the primary source of pollution is crude oil production. Crude oil production has dramatic consequences for farmlands, communities, and in terms of the construction materials required for earthworks. The main aims of the present study were to reduce the level of pollution caused by oil production in the Khurmala soil and then reuse it as a construction material. Soil remediation using the solidification/stabilization method was applied in the field using Portland limestone cement (CEM II). The performance of using CEM II in the remediation process was then investigated in the laboratory by taking the natural, contaminated, and treated soils from the Khurmala site. Furthermore, the results of the soils were compared with their corresponding soil samples using ordinary Portland cement (OPC). The comparison was performed by investigating the physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of the soils. The discussion was supported using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results. Chemical and SEM results revealed that there were fourfold and tenfold decreases in the percentage of oil and grease using OPC and CEM II, respectively, confirming the higher performance of using CEM II over OPC. The values of the coefficient of permeability, shear strength parameters, and California bearing ratio of the treated soils were significantly improved, compared to those of the contaminated soils.

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Samokhvalova, V. L., T. O. Grinchenko, I. M. Zhuravleva, and O. V. Mandryka. "Bioremediation of soil - soil biota - plants system under heavy metal pollution as a factor of chemical and biological degradation." Ecology and Noospherology 26, no. 3-4 (September 10, 2015): 80–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/031522.

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By carrying out long-term field studies of soil – soil biota – plants system in areas of technogenic impact emission of HM it was determined the taxonomic composition of mycological coenosis under the soil pollution by HM fungi genera Mucor, Trichoderma, Fusarium, Aspergillus. It was given the high levels of soil contamination by HM fate fungi of the genus Trichoderma, which is not phytopathogenic in mycological coenosis of soil, increased significantly under 13 %, indicating that the stability of operation in the presence of HM excess in soils. Among the genus Trichoderma fungi, it was found the most active in species Trichoderma viride. It was determined that fungi, bacteria compared to the soil, are more resistant to contamination concealed antagonism and inhibition effect of certain bacteria fungi that compete with native soil biota. On the basis of the soil-geochemical investigations the results in zones of sources of man-made emissions of pollutants influence Zmievskoy TPP «Centrenergo» NAC «Energy Company of Ukraine» Kharkiv region and a series of laboratory experiments elaborated a methodical approach for bioremediation of contaminated with heavy metals (HM) of the soil – soil biota – plants system. Used established a new property of the active biochemical agent of mycological drug Trihodermin BT based on mycological drug culture type Trichoderma viride – the ability to intensify the process of bioremediation and restore the quality of technogenic contaminated soils by HM. Biological preparation of Trichoderma BT used as a new biological improver for the prevention of biological and chemical degradation of soils with the activation of the myco- and microbial system of soil, functioning, increase the immune status and productivity of Hordeum sativum plants and improving their quality. Provides bioremediation effect with a limited term of a biological product in the soil, lowering its standards with increased use of its biological effectiveness. The technical result of the method is the expansion of the mycological drugs bank as natural resources with the effect of fertilizers, while the spread of the effective action of the active agent in the other components of the biological product of the studied system to produce new biological effects with simultaneous stabilization of the ecological environment, natural activation of the biological potential of the soil and the economic use of resources. The method can be used in agroecology, soil ecological management, for environmental monitoring of technogenic contaminated soils for various purposes and their using; in research practice – to develop a system of measures for biological remediation of contaminated areas in the complex biological processing methods remediation of contaminated soil and restoration of their resources, and, consequently, lower intensity of chemical and biological degradation of soils under the influence of technogenic pollution by HM; to improve the soil quality.

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Zamulina, Inna, David Pinsky, Marina Burachevskaya, Tatiana Bauer, and Alena Pshenichnaya. "The effect of granular activated carbon on the physical properties of soils at copper contamination." E3S Web of Conferences 175 (2020): 09003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017509003.

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In this study, the effect of granular activated carbon on the physical properties of soils containing copper pollution was presented. The result showed activated carbon could exert a positive effect on accelerating the process of restoring the physical properties of the soil, due to the high porosity and the specific surface area. The soil after remediation with the activated carbon showed better structural state and more water-holding capacity.

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Hoseinpour, Farhad, Mostafa Hosein-Nejad Mohtarami, Samad Alipour, and Samaneh Torbati. "Heavy Metal Contaminations at Two Iranian Copper Mining Areas and the Remediation by Indigenous Plants." Iranian Journal of Toxicology 14, no. 2 (April 1, 2020): 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/ijt.14.2.501.

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Background: High concentrations of various heavy metals of mine tailings can easily contaminate the environment. Such materials need monitoring and remediation to prevent them from polluting the environment and food chain. Methods: The concentrations of certain metals were evaluated in the soil samples at Sorkheh and Mazraeh copper mining areas in northwestern Iran, using three reliable pollution indices. We assessed the ability of three plants, Alhaji maurorum and Stachys inflata at Sorkheh mines, and Cirsium vulgare at Mazraeh mines, the dominant plants grown in those areas, in taking up the metals from the associated soils. The plant and soil samples were analyzed inductively by coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Results: The results revealed that the soil samples at Sorkheh and Mazraeh mining areas were highly contaminated with As at CF values of 16.9 and 4.6, respectively. The soil samples from the two mining areas were moderately contaminated with Pb and Zn. The data confirmed that A. maurorum and S. inflata had a good ability to accumulate Cd, Mo and Sc from the soils in Sorkheh area. The other plant, C. vulgare, accumulated Zn and Pb at 1891 mg/kg and 18.6 mg/kg, respectively. The studied plants were good indicators of heavy metals contaminating the soils in these mining areas. Conclusion: This study provided geochemical evidence about the heavy metals that contaminated the soils in the mining areas, and contributed new information about these toxic metals and their concentrations in the three plants and the soil samples.

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Shi, Wenxin. "Soil and groundwater remediation technology." Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology 8, no. 3 (July 12, 2009): 239–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11157-009-9164-0.

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Istrate, Irina, Diana Cocârță, Zucheng Wu, and Mihaela Stoian. "Minimizing the Health Risks from Hydrocarbon Contaminated Soils by Using Electric Field-Based Treatment for Soil Remediation." Sustainability 10, no. 1 (January 19, 2018): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10010253.

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The present work addresses the assessment of human health risk from soil contaminated with total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) due to crude oil pollution, with a particular focus on the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) group of carcinogenic and toxic substances. Given that the measured risk for human health exceeded the accepted level, the study considered an electrochemical remediation method. The laboratory-scale experiments were conducted by using an electric field-based treatment as a possible solution for the remediation of contaminated soil. After 20 days of treatment, while the voltage applied was 15 V (specific voltage of 1 V/cm), the hydrocarbon content was significantly reduced. The parameters measured to determine the overall remediation efficiency were pH, redox potential, ionic strength, soil characteristics, voltage gradient, and zeta potential. The remediation degree observed during the experiments was around 50% for TPHs and 46% for PAHs. The applied remediation method resulted in significant removal efficiency of the tested contaminants from the soil. Consequently, the human health risk assessment for the new degree of contaminants in the soil was achieved. This data demonstrated to what extent the application of the remediation applied technology ensured an acceptable risk under the same exposure conditions for the industrial workers.

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Kalantari, M. R., M. Shokrzadeh ., A. G. Ebadi ., C. Mohammadizadeh ., M. I. Choudhary ., and Atta-ur-Rahman . "Soil Pollution by Heavy Metals and Remediation (Mazandaran-Iran)." Journal of Applied Sciences 6, no. 9 (April 15, 2006): 2110–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jas.2006.2110.2116.

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Pal, Sharmistha, A. K. Patra, S. K. Reza, Walter Wildi, and John Pote. "Use of Bio-Resources for Remediation of Soil Pollution." Natural Resources 01, no. 02 (2010): 110–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/nr.2010.12012.

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Tarabukin, Dmitriy V. "Assessment of the Lowland Bog Biomass for Ex Situ Remediation of Petroleum-Contaminated Soils." Environments 7, no. 10 (October 8, 2020): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environments7100086.

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Bog petroleum-contaminated soils have been remediated ex situ in conditions close to natural ones. It was found that during the first 30 days in natural conditions, the decomposition of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) was 30 ± 5%. On the 60th and 90th days, the process of TPH decomposition was 45 ± 5% and 60 ± 5%, respectively. The effect of various stimulant supplements was negligible. For the entire observed period, bog soil showed a very high self-cleaning potential with pollution concentration of 5 g of petroleum per 100 g of soil sample. Such diagnostic indicators of soil condition as urease and cellulase activities turned out to be most sensitive in the bog soil. The introduction of mineral fertilizers to stimulate the TPH decomposition increased the activity of urease in comparison with the background soil. On the other hand, the nonionic surfactant acted as an inhibitor of microorganisms involved in nitrogen metabolism, even in the presence of mineral fertilizers. The introduction of mineral fertilizers to petroleum-polluted bog soil stimulated the cellulases activity, while surfactants suppressed them in the early stages. The simultaneous introduction of surfactants and fertilizers kept the cellulase activity at the background level. It is concluded that in the case of petroleum pollution of infertile soils, the introduction of the upper layers of the phytomass of lowland bogs by providing looseness and long-term supply of nutrients from the dying parts of the moss will accelerate the self-cleaning processes.

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Samokhvalova, V. L., A. I. Fateev, P. A. Samokhvalova, O. V. Mandryka, V. D. Bublyk, and O. Kutz. "Determination of oil and oil products total content in soils for monitoring of contamination and effectiveness of remediation." Fundamental and Applied Soil Science 16, no. 3-4 (July 4, 2015): 39–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/041516.

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The method of determining the content of oil and petroleum products in the soils is substantiated through the use established by thermogravimetric curves optimum temperatures and time intervals thermal sample of contaminated soil, determination of total losses its weight on the appropriate formula which ensures the quantitative determination of total content level of hydrocarbons of oil and oil products in the soil with increased accuracy and quick testing of the method. In the methodical approach by combining individual components of the known methods thermogravimetry and gas chromatography, the distribution regularities of changes in the sample mass under the influence of thermal effects on a new class of objects with simultaneous production of a rapid method for determination of total content of petroleum hydrocarbons in soils, provided simplification soil samples algorithm analyzing for pollution monitoring and the remediation effectiveness of obtaining the economic use of resources. The invention belongs to the field of environmental protection, soil quality, namely to the ways of determine the content of oil and petroleum products (diesel, kerosene, fuel oil, etc.) in contaminated soils while of soils lands plot monitoring. The method can be used in the field of conservancy in the oil industrial complex in determining the degree of contamination of soil for rapid analysis of soil samples; in agroecology, soil ecological management for environmental monitoring of technologically contaminated soils of lands plots for various purposes and their using; in research practice - to investigate the thermal processes and properties of soils; elaboration of scientific and methodical bases of contaminated soils monitoring (diagnosis, assessment, forecast ecological state), environmental regulation of organic nature contaminants in soils; regulation of the using and soil remediation processes to improve quality. Based on the analysis of the scientific literature data and results of long-term experiments it was determined the optimal temperature range of 280–500 ○C with different temperature ranges of thermal evaporation the fractions of petroleum hydrocarbons. Series conducted modeling experiments with varying temperature, time, sample the soils and the changing quantitative and qualitative composition of hydrocarbons in contaminated soils, the total petroleum hydrocarbons thermogravimetric method has been found that the thermal degradation of contaminated soils samples formed various fractions of hydrocarbons, which leads to increased losses mass Dm contaminated soil sample to obtain thermogravimetric curves. By the method of gas chromatography, in the range of 100–200 ○C it is set the selective extraction of lighter fractions of petroleum and petroleum products in the soil; in the range of 280–350 ○C – it is noted a sharp increase in the rate of decomposition of oil saturated hydrocarbons (C10–C40) with intensive gas evolution, the formation of a mixture of reaction products is a significant amount of unsaturated hydrocarbons. Thus, the use of established ranges of determining the optimum temperature desorption fractions of petroleum hydrocarbons and their thermal degradation of soil samples for thermolysis with simultaneous identification of the total content of oil and petroleum products in the soil, it is possible to determine the total amount of oil hydrocarbons fractions in soil as the amount of oil hydrocarbons. The proposed algorithm method is suitable for the soils of different genesis. It is determined that the consistent increase in temperature is a necessary procedure for the identification of pollution if soil sample analysis of the expected low concentrations of oil and petroleum products and water content in soils of different types and different size distribution of more than 5 % of oil production zones. By evaluating the flow of thermal processes in the surveyed contaminated and uncontaminated soil samples the temperature ranges degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons is determined. Their using, as an indicator, significantly reduced the timing of selection of optimal technological parameters of thermal oils in the soils for determining the total content of oil and petroleum products in the soils, pollution monitoring and remediation efficiency control.

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Chen, Jie, You Yang Wang, Jun Hui Wu, Hui Ping Si, and Kai Yan Lin. "The Research of Biochar Adsorption on Soil." Applied Mechanics and Materials 448-453 (October 2013): 417–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.448-453.417.

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This article discusses biochar adsorption and its effects on soil and discusses the future trends in this area. The large surface area, and many oxygen-containing functional groups of biochar determined by the feedstocks and the condition in pyrolysis affect the capacity of biochar to adsorb fertilizer, water, heavy metals and organic pollution. With enriched porous structures, biachar can increase the porosity and water retention capacity of soils. With the functional groups and the composition, biochar have a high adsorption capacity for fertilizer, heavy metals, organic pollutants. This paper provides an overview on the biochar sorption in fertilizer, heavy metals and organic pollutants in soil and its implication for soil to keep soil fertilizer as a controlled-released carrier and to improve soil environments as landscaping organic mulch, as well as for remediation of contaminated soils. Further research directions are identified to ensure a safe and sustainable use of biochar as a soil amendment.

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Paz-Ferreiro, J., H. Lu, S. Fu, A. Méndez, and G. Gascó. "Use of phytoremediation and biochar to remediate heavy metal polluted soils: a review." Solid Earth Discussions 5, no. 2 (November 25, 2013): 2155–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/sed-5-2155-2013.

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Abstract. Anthropogenic activities are resulting in an increase on the use and extraction of heavy metals. Heavy metals cannot be degraded and hence accumulate in the environment having the potential to contaminate the food chain. This pollution threatens soil quality, plant survival and human health. The remediation of heavy metals deserves attention, but it is impaired by the cost of these processes. Phytoremediation and biochar are two sound environmental technologies which could be at the forefront to mitigate soil pollution. This review provides an overview of the current state of knowledge phytoremediation and biochar application to remediate heavy metal contaminated soils, discussing the advantages and disadvantages of both individual approaches. Research to date has attempted only in a limited number of occasions to combine both techniques, however we discuss the potential advantages of combining both remediation techniques and the potential mechanisms involved in the interaction between phytoremediators and biochar. We identified specific research needs to ensure a sustainable use of phytoremediation and biochar as remediation tools.

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Yu, Ze Yuan, Xiao Lin Chen, and Zhi Tao Qiu. "A New Prediction Method of Soil Pollution." Advanced Materials Research 908 (March 2014): 387–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.908.387.

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A new method for predicting soil pollution with lead pollution in a city as the research object is established. We use this particular method and the Kriging Interpolation method to simulate the spatial distribution of heavy metals in soil. Select the 20 sampling points as the cross-validation data set. Compare and analyze two kinds of interpolation methods. The results showed that: the new method is more suitable for urban areas contaminated with mutations since it has high prediction accuracy there. Analysis of soil with heavy metal contamination soil is premise of soil remediation and ecological restoration. Research results possess significant values for theories which choose different interpolation simulation methods according to different purposes.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Soil pollution ; Soil remediation'

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