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Journal articles on the topic 'Soil pollution trace elements'
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1
Leah, Tamara. "Assessment of Microelements Soil Pollution with Ecological Indicators." Chemistry Journal of Moldova 7, no. 1 (June 2012): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.19261/cjm.2012.07(1).06.
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Trace elements soil pollution leads to degradation of structure and aggregates stability which promotes the soil erosion and compaction. For more efficient management of the results on the content of trace elements in eroded soils is used the ecological indicators for characterization the accumulation in genetic horizons. The data confirms the soil pollution by erosion, the losses of humus, carbonates, and trace elements in arable carbonatic chernozems of catena. The humus losses in eroded soils consists 52%, the trace elements - 33-35%.
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Fishtik, Ilie. "Thermodynamic Stability Relations in the C-H-O System." Chemistry Journal of Moldova 7, no. 2 (December 2012): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.19261/cjm.2012.07(2).19.
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Trace elements soil pollution leads to degradation of structure and aggregates stability which promotes the soil erosion and compaction. For more efficient management of the results on the content of trace elements in eroded soils is used the ecological indicators for characterization the accumulation in genetic horizons. The data confirms the soil pollution by erosion, the losses of humus, carbonates, and trace elements in arable carbonatic chernozems of catena. The humus losses in eroded soils consists 52%, the trace elements - 33-35%.
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Kowalska, Joanna Beata, Michał Gąsiorek, Paweł Zadrożny, Paweł Nicia, and Jarosław Waroszewski. "Deep Subsoil Storage of Trace Elements and Pollution Assessment in Mountain Podzols (Tatra Mts., Poland)." Forests 12, no. 3 (March 3, 2021): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12030291.
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Research highlights: this article refers to the deep storage of trace elements as a result of the podzolization process under different types of vegetation cover. This is also an attempt to trace differentiation in the distribution of trace elements in mountain soils under the podzolization process. Background and objectives: we focused on estimating whether the podzolization process of soils under various vegetation covers led to the deep storage of trace elements in the subsoil. Furthermore, the potential contamination of studied soils with trace elements using pollution indices was assessed. Materials and methods: in thirteen soil profiles under three different vegetation types, chosen chemical–physical properties, e.g., organically bonded and active forms of Al and Fe, podzolization indices, and trace element content (Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr, and Ni) were analyzed. Additionally, pollution indices, such as Geoaccumulation Index, Potential Ecological Risk, Pollution Load Index, and Contamination Security Index, were calculated. Results: the distribution of Al and Fe varied among the soil profiles, suggesting different rates of podzolization processes that were partially dependent on the type of vegetation. Exceptionally high values of Alo and Feo were noted in profiles P1 and P2 (1.53% and 2.52% for Alo, and 2.13% and 1.46% for Feo, respectively) in horizons Bs and BsC under Plagiothecio-Piceetum taricum. Some of the soils showed the expected distribution of trace elements as the result of the podzolization process revealed their accumulation in the spodic horizon. Moreover, four different patterns of trace element distribution were recognized. Often, the accumulation of trace elements occurred in Bs/BsC horizons, e.g., in case of Zn soils P8, P9, and P10, which reached 65.8, 68.0, and 72.30 mg∙kg−1, respectively. However, there were no large differences in trace element content in soils independent of the vegetation type. The pollution indices in most samples confirmed lack of contamination with trace elements. Only several soil horizons were moderately polluted and showed deterioration of soil quality or very low severity. Conclusions: in the majority of studied soils, the podzolization process resulted in the deep storage of trace elements, i.e., the accumulation of spodic horizon; however, in certain cases, it might have been related only to the different lithology, and appeared as anomalies not related to the dominant soil-forming process. Anomalies were characterized by a much higher content of trace elements in the BsC horizon compared to the upper O horizons. Obtained data of trace elements, as well as values of pollution indices, did not indicate pollution. This lack of pollution was related to localization of soils within a topographic barrier that protected them from the deposition of potential trace element–rich pollution.
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Kiriliuc, Vladimir. "Environmental Regulation of Trace Elements in Soils of Moldova." Chemistry Journal of Moldova 7, no. 1 (June 2012): 95–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.19261/cjm.2012.07(1).15.
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The scale of environmental regulation (content and pollution levels) of trace element in soils of Moldova was proposed. Contamination levels are justified, depending on the adverse effects that have trace elements in soils, plants, groundwater and more - per person. Proposed scale has 6 content and 4 pollution levels. Together with equalized MPC may help to consider a number of deficiencies that are available in this area and improve the practical application of the assessment of soil contamination. Scale Indicators are flexible values, taking the large variability content of trace elements.
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Islam, MD, MM Rahman, MH Kabir, GKMM Rahman, and MS Hossain. "Status and Spatial Variability of Trace Elements in the Low Ganges River Floodplain Soils of Bangladesh." Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources 9, no. 2 (April 14, 2017): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v9i2.32160.
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Soils of the Low Ganges River Floodplain encroaching Faridpur district of Bangladesh have immense contribution to crop production, while little information available focusing the spatial variability of trace elements in the area. Therefore, the study was conducted to quantify the trace elements collecting a total of 122 representative soil samples from rice fields of Faridpur district. Soil samples were analyzed and found that Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn and B were ranged from 0.80-6.80, 24295, 10129, 0.122.20 and 0.5-9.05 ppm, respectively. The pollution indexes are noteworthy features which revealed that only Mn may exhibit a risk for environmental pollution. The concentrations of trace elements, pH and organic carbon in soils displayed a significant spatial diversity because of anthropogenic and geogenic contribution. The distribution maps of soil pH, organic carbon and trace elements might be useful to farmers, researchers and planners in designing and planning agricultural programs in the study area.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 9(2): 71-78 2016
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Sueoka, Y., M. Sakakibara, S. Sano, and K. Sera. "Heavy metal accumulation and the practical application of lichens as bioindicators for heavy metal pollution in surface soil." International Journal of PIXE 26, no. 03n04 (January 2016): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129083517500024.
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Levels of trace element pollution in surface soil have been estimated using soil analyses and leaching tests. These methods may reveal different results due to the effect of soil properties on the elemental availability. Therefore, this study advocates an alternative method for monitoring and assessment of trace element pollution in surface soil using terricolous fruticose lichens. Lichens and their substrata were analyzed using particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE), inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and XRF to clarify the relationships between Cu, Zn, As and Pb concentrations in lichens and soils, including their absorption properties. Concentrations of these elements in the lichens were positively correlated with those in the soils regardless of lichen species, location, habitat, or conditions of soils. The analyzed lichens had neither competitive nor antagonistic properties in their elemental absorption, which made them good bioindicators of trace element pollution in surface soil. The distribution maps of average Cu, Zn, As and Pb concentrations at each sampling region was detected at almost all of the Cu, Zn and As pollution of the soils. Therefore, lichens could be used in practical applications to monitor Cu, Zn and As pollution in surface soils.
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Sheppard, S. C., C. A. Grant, and C. F. Drury. "Trace elements in Ontario soils - mobility, concentration profiles, and evidence of non-point-source pollution." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 89, no. 4 (August 1, 2009): 489–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss08033.
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Agricultural soils are the recipients of trace elements from general atmospheric pollution and from agricultural inputs such as fertilizer, feeds and urban biosolids. These input fluxes are usually small, and there are processes such as leaching and crop off-take to counterbalance the trace element inputs. Thus, it is difficult to evaluate the changes of trace element concentrations in agricultural soils. This paper examined a survey of 59 soil profiles in Southern Ontario, combining analysis of ~50 elements in three soil depths and corresponding measurements of the soil solid/liquid partition coefficient, Kd. The profile data were adjusted for yttrium concentrations to account for vertical particle migration. Increased concentration in the surface profile relative to the subsurface was considered an indication of enrichment, indicating the possible effects of human activity. For most elements, the surface (0–15 cm) and subsoils (30–60 cm) had similar concentrations. The notable exceptions were Cd, Pb, Sb, Se, Nb, U, and Zn, where surface soils had 1.4- to 2.2.fold higher concentrations than subsoils. Most of these increases can be attributed to human activity. Additional interpretation using the Kd data was useful to identify Ba and Mo as potentially among the contaminant elements. Surface soil concentrations of these elements were not markedly elevated compared with the subsoil, but their Kd values indicated that they were sufficiently mobile that depletion would be expected. Thus, perhaps continued input has supported the concentrations of Ba and Mo in the surface soils. Both are noted contaminants in dust from urban sources. Thus, the results show that several elements that are often of concern because of environmental toxicity or health impacts are at elevated concentrations in agricultural soils, and because these are rural locations the implication is that this has resulted from non.point.source pollution.Key words: Kd, partition coefficient, leaching, metals, cadmium
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Kokorīte, Ilga, Māris Kļaviņš, Jānis Šīre, Oskars Purmalis, and Aija Zučika. "Soil Pollution with Trace Elements in Territories of Military Grounds in Latvia." Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences. 62, no. 1-2 (January 1, 2008): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10046-008-0010-5.
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Soil Pollution with Trace Elements in Territories of Military Grounds in LatviaContamination of land used for military activities can significantly differ from that of municipal and industrial land, both in the intensity and type. Largely this is due to the intensity of activities even in a comparatively large surface area, and also by use of substances and materials not common in civil practice. Pollution from military grounds can affect not only soldiers, but also adjacent territories and water resources. In this study, concentrations of trace elements in the soil, water and higher vegetation in former Soviet army military territories were surveyed. The presence of point sources was found, and in a few cases the pollution is intensively spreading into deeper soil horizons and groundwater.
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a, M. Blanu w, Lj Prester, M. Matek, and A. Ku ) ak. "Trace Elements in Soil and Coniferous Needles." Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 62, no. 6 (June 1, 1999): 700–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001289900930.
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Niu, Anyi, Jiaojiao Ma, Yifei Gao, Songjun Xu, and Chuxia Lin. "Mangrove Soil-Borne Trace Elements in Qi’ao Island: Implications for Understanding Terrestrial Input of Trace Elements into Part of the Pearl River Estuary." Applied Sciences 10, no. 7 (April 3, 2020): 2439. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10072439.
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An investigation was conducted to characterize the trace element status of mangrove soils of Qi’ao Island in the Pearl River estuary. The results show that the spatial variation in the soil-borne trace elements in the investigated area was minor and most of the trace elements were at a level higher than those in other mangrove wetlands around the world, suggesting the mangrove soils of Qi’ao Island were heavily contaminated by trace elements transported from the Pearl River in the past two decades. Zn was closely related to Pb, Cu, Cd, and As, while some trace elements were not closely related to each other, indicating that they were derived from different sources. An integrated Nemerow pollution index of the surface soils at the 17 sampling locations ranged from 7.53 to 48.42, values which all fall within the highest pollution category. Among the 17 sampling locations, six locations had an ecological risk index (ERI) greater than 300, and 12 locations had an Ecological Risk Index (ERI) greater than 600, indicating that most of the investigated locations were at high or very high ecological risk. The findings obtained from this study have implications for understanding the terrestrial inputs of trace elements into part of the Pearl River estuary. This understanding can be used to guide the development of management strategies for controlling the discharges of trace elements from the catchment area and managing the aquatic ecosystems in the Pearl River Estuary.
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Ghazaryan, K. A., H. S. Movsesyan, G. A. Gevorgyan, H. E. Khachatryan, S. V. Antonyan, and R. E. Avetisyan. "ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ASSESSMENT OF SOIL POLLUTION BY SOME TRACE ELEMENTS AROUND OPEN MINE AND TAILING DUMP OF AKHTALA MINING AND PROCESSING ENTERPRISE." Proceedings of the YSU B: Chemical and Biological Sciences 52, no. 3 (247) (November 20, 2018): 198–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.46991/pysu:b/2018.52.3.198.
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The aim of the present study was the assessment of soil pollution by some potentially toxic trace elements in the environs of Akhtala Mining and Processing Enterprise and related environmental risks. The study was implemented in 2018. The level of soil contamination with trace elements was assessed by Enrichment factor, which is widely used as a contamination index. The study revealed that the soils, almost in all studied sites, were polluted by Cu, Pb, Zn, Co and Ni. From all trace elements studied the highest contents compared with background were observed for copper. Such situation is conditioned by anthropogenic factor, in particular, by mining activities since copper is the main metal extracted in Akhtala Mining and Processing Enterprise.
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Kukharchyk, Tamara, Sergey Kakareka, and Yury Giginyak. "Trace elements in soils of oases of Enderby Land (on an example of Vecherny oasis)." Czech Polar Reports 8, no. 2 (July 1, 2018): 162–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cpr2018-2-13.
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The content of trace elements in the soils of the Vecherny Oasis (Enderby Land, East Antarctica), where the construction of the Belarusian Antarctic Station started in December 2015, is considered. The results of the research are based on data collected during four Belarusian Antarctic expeditions in the period from 2011 to 2017, and analytical testing of soil samples taken from impacted and non-impacted sites. A total of 22 soil samples were analyzed for the content of trace elements; to compare the levels of accumulation and possible migration pathways, 7 samples of bottom sediments were also analyzed. Determination of trace elements was carried out using the AAS method (Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Ni, Zn, Fe, Mn) and emission spectral analysis (about 40 elements). The average values and range of concentrations of trace elements in soils and bottom sediments of the oasis are presented. The possible dependence of the trace elements content on the location positions in the landscape and on the sources of impact is discussed. It is shown, that the variability of metals content in soil profile for background site is low. In comparison with other oases of Antarctica no hotspots have been revealed and no significant areas of soil contamination have been identified yet, which is largely due to the fragmentation of the soil cover and lack of significant sources of pollution.
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Saha, Subrota Kumar, Md Yousuf Gazi, Mahir Tajwar, and Suzal Kumar. "Soil Contamination Assessment by Trace Elements in Barapukuria Coal Mine Region, Bangladesh." Environmental and Earth Sciences Research Journal 8, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/eesrj.080101.
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Coal mining areas in Bangladesh are exposing to extreme environmental problems due to the mobilization of heavy metals in the surrounding region. To assess the persisting risk, several soil samples were collected from the nearby coal mine areas. The amount of pollution of heavy metal has been calculated to determine the extent of the contamination. Soil contamination assessment was carried out using pollution evaluation indices such as heavy metal pollution index (HPI), the degree of contamination (Cd), and the contamination factor (CF). The concentration of S, As, Ba and, F exceeded the maximum concentration level in some soil samples. The HPI and the Cd yield similar results. The CF shows strong similarities with the Cd and gives a better evaluation of pollution levels. HPI indicates that about 71.42% of samples exceed the high level. Cd and CF show that about 71.42% sample is highly contaminated by trace element and 14.28% sample is highly contaminated by S, Cl, and F. Based on radioactive element analysis about 14.28% samples show medium contamination level. The findings of this research help us to assess the level of soil contamination and the extent of environmental and health concerns in the region of the Barapukuria coal mine.
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Sun, Linhua. "POLLUTION ASSESSMENT AND SOURCE APPROXIMATION OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN THE FARMLAND SOIL NEAR THE TRAFFICWAY." Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management 28, no. 1 (January 17, 2020): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jeelm.2020.11745.
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The traffic related environmental pollution problems have attracted a lot of attention. In this study, contents of eight trace elements along with Fe and Mn in the farmland soil near a trafficway of Suzhou, Anhui province, China have been measured for the pollution assessment and source identification (along with quantification). The results show that iron is the most abundant element, followed by manganese, zinc, chromium, nickel, copper, lead, arsenic, cobalt and cadmium. They have coefficients of variation range between 0.028 and 0.281, indicating that some of them might have multi-sources. The pollution indexes (including single pollution, geo-accumulation and the Nemerow composite indexes) indicate that the soil samples are slightly polluted. Multivariate statistical analyses (including correlation, cluster and factor analyses) have identified three sources (geogenic, traffic and agriculture related) responsible for the elemental concentrations in the soils. Moreover, the EPA Unmix model have calculated their mean contributions to be 33.4%, 33.2% and 33.3%, respectively.
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Alekseev, Ivan I., N. V. Dinkelaker, A. A. Oripova, G. A. Semyina, A. A. Morozov, and E. V. Abakumov. "ASSESSMENT OF ECOTOXICOLOGICAL STATE OF SOILS OF THE POLAR URAL AND SOUTHERN YAMAL." Hygiene and sanitation 96, no. 10 (March 27, 2019): 941–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2017-96-10-941-945.
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Increasing rates of anthropogenic forcing on natural and urban ecosystems in the Arctic requires the development of more detailed environmental monitoring. In this context, studying of contents of background trace elements seems to be actual goal. The goal of this study is an assessment of the content of background heavy metals in natural soils of the Polar Urals (surroundings of mountain Chyornaya), surroundings of Salekhard and foothills of the Polar Urals and urban soils (Kharsaim, Aksarka, Labytnangi, Kharp, Salekhard). Levels of maximum permissible concentrations (MPCs) were established to be exceeded by some elements (As, Ni, Co) in most of soil samples (from both urban and natural environments). It can indicate to high regional background contents for these elements especially in case of natural soils. The highest exceedance of MPCs is typical for soil samples from urban environments. For other studied trace elements (Cu, Zn, Pb, Sr) MPCs are exceeded only in few cases. The highest trace elements content in urban soils is connected with sites with significantly high rates of anthropogenic forcing (chrome-processing factory in Kharp). The highest trace elements content for natural soils can be connected with three soil profile zones: peat-like horizons, stagnic and cryogenic geochemical barriers, and soil horizons with clay texture class. Moreover, we discussed problems of trace elements behavior in conditions of changing climate of the Arctic and permafrost degradation.
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Wawer, Małgorzata, Marzena Rachwał, and Joanna Kowalska. "Impact of noise barriers on the dispersal of solid pollutants from car emissions and their deposition in soil." Soil Science Annual 68, no. 1 (March 28, 2017): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ssa-2017-0003.
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Abstract Despite the existence of various methods aimed at protecting the environment from the negative influence of roads, there is a lack of adequate techniques for monitoring and reducing the spread of roadside pollution into the air and soils. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of noise barriers (sound walls) on the dispersal and soil deposition of solid pollutants from car emissions, based on both quantitative and qualitative analysis. Magnetic susceptibility measurements, trace elements analyses, and platinum (Pt) and rhodium (Rh) content determinations were performed on soil samples collected in the vicinity of various types of noise barrier. Previous investigations have shown that most traffic emissions are deposited in the close vicinity of roads (up to 10 m), with pollution levels decreasing with increasing distance from the road edge. However, the results of the present study indicate that this distribution is disturbed in areas in which noise barriers are located. Moreover, additional soil enrichment with trace elements was observed at approx. 10-15 m behind the barriers. The spatial distribution of trace elements contents in the tested soil samples corresponded to the magnetic susceptibility values. High Fe, Zn, Mn and Pb levels were observed adjacent to noise barriers composed of sawdust concrete and steel panels.
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Rolka, Elżbieta, and Mirosław Wyszkowski. "Availability of Trace Elements in Soil with Simulated Cadmium, Lead and Zinc Pollution." Minerals 11, no. 8 (August 14, 2021): 879. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11080879.
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The research was based on a pot experiment in which the impact of increasing Cd, Zn and Pb doses on the content of available trace elements in soil was compared. Seven series of trials were designed: 1 (Cd), 2 (Pb), 3 (Zn), 4 (Cd + Pb), 5 (Cd + Zn), 6 (Pb + Zn), 7 (Cd + Pb + Zn). Aside from the control one (without the metals), three increasing levels of contamination were considered within each series. Mobile forms of trace elements (Cd, Pb, Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu, Ni, Co, and Cr) in soil were determined, in addition to which selected physicochemical soil properties—reaction (pH), salinity (EC), hydrolytic acidity (HAC), total exchange bases (TEB)—were identified while cation exchange capacity (CEC), base saturation (BS) and availability factor (AF) were calculated. The application of Cd and Pb to soil resulted in an increase in the share of potentially available forms of these metals in their total content. The availability factor (AF) in the pots polluted with these metals was higher than in the control, in the range 17.5–20.0% for Cd, and 62.8–71.5% for Pb. In turn, the share of Zn mobile forms was comparable in most experimental objects, oscillating around 30%. Moreover, addition to soil of Cd, Pb and Zn usually caused a significant decrease in the content of available forms of Fe, Mn and Cu, and resulted in significantly higher content of available forms of Cr in the soil.
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Abowaly, Mohamed E., Abdel-Aziz A. Belal, Enas E. Abd Abd Elkhalek, Salah Elsayed, Rasha M. Abou Abou Samra, Abdullah S. Alshammari, Farahat S. Moghanm, Kamal H. Shaltout, Saad A. M. Alamri, and Ebrahem M. Eid. "Assessment of Soil Pollution Levels in North Nile Delta, by Integrating Contamination Indices, GIS, and Multivariate Modeling." Sustainability 13, no. 14 (July 19, 2021): 8027. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13148027.
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The proper assessment of trace element concentrations in the north Nile Delta of Egypt is needed in order to reduce the high levels of toxic elements in contaminated soils. The objectives of this study were to assess the risks of contamination for four trace elements (nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), and boron (B)) in three different layers of the soil using the geoaccumulation index (I-geo) and pollution load index (PLI) supported by GIS, as well as to evaluate the performance of partial least-square regression (PLSR) and multiple linear regression (MLR) in estimating the PLI based on data for the four trace elements in the three different soil layers. The results show a widespread contamination of I-geo Ni, Co, Cr, and B in the three different layers of the soil. The I-geo values varied from 0 to 4.74 for Ni, 0 to 6.56 for Co, 0 to 4.11 for Cr, and 0 to 4.57 for B. According to I-geo classification, the status of Ni, Cr, and B ranged from uncontaminated/moderately contaminated to strongly/extremely contaminated. Co ranged from uncontaminated/moderately contaminated to extremely contaminated. There were no significant differences in the values of I-geo for Ni, Co, Cr, and B in the three different layers of the soil. According to the PLI classification, the majority of the samples were very highly polluted. For example, 4.76% and 95.24% of the samples were unpolluted and very highly polluted, respectively, in the surface layer of the soil profiles. Additionally, 14.29% and 85.71% of the samples were unpolluted and very highly polluted, respectively, in the subsurface layer of the soil profiles. Both calibration (Cal.) and validation (Val.) models of the PLSR and MLR showed the highest performance in predicting the PLI based on data for the four studied trace elements, as an alternative method. The validation (Val.) models performed the best in predicting the PLI, with R2 = 0.89–0.93 in the surface layer, 0.91–0.96 in the subsurface layer, 0.89–0.94 in the lowest layers, and 0.92–0.94 across the three different layers. In conclusion, the integration of the I-geo, PLI, GIS technique, and multivariate models is a valuable and applicable approach for the assessment of the risk of contamination for trace elements, and the PLSR and MLR models could be used through applying chemometric techniques to evaluate the PLI in different layers of the soil.
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Yang, Rong, Zeyu Du, and Junqia Kong. "Decadal changes and ecological risk assessment of trace and heavy metal elements in soils of a desert oasis, Linze County, China." Soil Research 57, no. 2 (2019): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr18245.
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This study assesses decadal changes (2005–2015) in the trace and heavy metal element contents of soils from four land use types at a desert oasis and also determines associated ecological and health risks. Concentrations of boron, molybdenum, manganese, zinc, copper, cadmium, lead, and mercury increased significantly over the decade. Farmland ecosystems had higher concentrations of soil trace and heavy metal elements than natural ecosystems, but intercropping with alfalfa tended to reduce concentrations. The environmental pollution assessment indicated that soils were moderately affected by human activities, particularly in farmland ecosystems. The potential degree of ecological risk from all elements was moderate, and in relation to land use this risk decreased in the following order: long-term cultivated farmland>newly reclaimed farmlands with monoculture>newly reclaimed farmlands with intercropping>natural desert grassland. Eight soil heavy metals posed potential non-carcinogenic risks, and dermal contact was the major exposure pathway; however, the carcinogenic risk level from soil was acceptable. These results suggest that agricultural activities increased the concentrations of certain soil trace and heavy metal elements and that adopting appropriate farmland management, such as intercropping with alfalfa, limited this increasing trend.
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Aitta, Abeer, Hassan El-Ramady, Tarek Alshaal, Ahmed El-Henawy, Mohamed Shams, Nasser Talha, Fathy Elbehiry, and Eric C. Brevik. "Seasonal and Spatial Distribution of Soil Trace Elements around Kitchener Drain in the Northern Nile Delta, Egypt." Agriculture 9, no. 7 (July 10, 2019): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture9070152.
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The pollution of agricultural soils, water and plants by trace elements (TEs) in the Nile Delta Region, Egypt, is of great importance. This study aimed to investigate the spatial and seasonal variation of some TEs in the agricultural area adjacent to Kitchener Drain and to evaluate the ecological risk posed by these elements using six indices. Soil and plant samples were collected from seven sites close to the drain, while water samples were collected from the corresponding sites inside the drain during three seasons (winter, spring and fall). The results showed that all studied TEs in the soil varied seasonally and spatially among the locations around the drain. Most of the studied elements in the soil were higher in the southern and middle area around the drain. All studied elements in the soil were also higher in the winter than other seasons. Nickel and lead were almost non-detected during all seasons in plant tissues, while other elements were higher in the winter than other seasons. In contrast to the soil and plant tissues, water samples demonstrated lower or non-detected levels of TEs. The results also indicated that the values for the risk assessment indices differed among the studied TEs. Therefore, there is a risk of increasing the concentration of some metals in the study area due to anthropogenic pollution from the adjacent polluted drain through irrigation with contaminated water and spreading of contaminated dredged materials on agricultural fields.
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Pavlovic, Dragana, Marija Pavlovic, Milica Markovic, Branko Karadzic, Olga Kostic, Snezana Jaric, Miroslava Mitrovic, Ivan Grzetic, and Pavle Pavlovic. "Possibilities of assessing trace metal pollution using Betula pendula Roth. leaf and bark - experience in Serbia." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 82, no. 6 (2017): 723–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc170113024p.
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In this study, both seasonal and spatial variations in trace metal uptake, as well as concentration of photosynthetic pigments in Silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) trees in five urban parks in Pancevo, Smederevo, Obrenovac and Belgrade (Serbia) affected by different anthropogenic activities were studied. The characteristics of soil were assessed in terms of texture, pH and trace element content. Concentrations of boron, strontium and zinc in both leaves and bark showed an increasing temporal trend, however, copper showed an opposite seasonal trend. A higher accumulation of trace elements was noticed in leaves compared to bark. The obtained results for photosynthetic pigments showed low sensitivity of birch to B, Cu, Sr and Zn contamination, indicating that birch tolerates pollution and climate stress by increasing the amount of pigments. Analysis of the effects on soil chemistry of trace element accumulation in plant tissues proved that soil chemistry poorly explains the variability of elements in bark (27.6 %) compared to leaves (82.99 %). Discriminant analysis showed that Belgrade and Smederevo are clearly separated from the other three sites.
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Huang, Sha, Guofan Shao, Luyan Wang, Lin Wang, and Lina Tang. "Distribution and Health Risk Assessment of Trace Metals in Soils in the Golden Triangle of Southern Fujian Province, China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 1 (December 31, 2018): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16010097.
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In recent years, intensified industrialization and rapid urbanization have accelerated the accumulation of trace metals in topsoils of the Golden Triangle of Southern Fujian Province in China. Trace metals can cause adverse impacts on ecosystems and human health. In order to assess the ecological and human health risks of trace metals in the Golden Triangle region and to determine the distribution and degree of pollution of trace metals, 456 soil samples were collected from 28 districts. The concentrations of six metals (As, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) were analyzed to assess ecological risk using the geoaccumulation index (Igeo) and the potential ecological risk index (RI). The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) model was applied to calculate health risk. The average soil concentrations of the six elements are ranked as follows: As < Ni < Cu < Cr < Pb < Zn. Inverse distance weighting (IDW) interpolation maps showed that Cr, Cu, Ni, and Zn are enriched in the soils of developed areas, while As and Pb are enriched in the soils of undeveloped areas. The Igeo showed that the levels of metals in most soil samples are below polluting levels. Similarly, RI values indicated that trace metals pose low potential ecological risk in the region’s soils. The Hazard Quotient (HQ) ranked the mean total noncarcinogenic risk of the six metals, for both children and adults, as follows: As > Pb > Cr > Ni > Cu >Zn. The mean carcinogenic risk (CR) of the metals in the region’s soils are ranked as follows: Cr > As > Ni. The Hazard Index (HI) values indicated that 3.7% of soils contained unsafe levels of toxic metals for children and total carcinogenic risk (TCR) values indicated that 23.3% of soils contained unsafe levels, indicating that children are facing both noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic risks from trace metals. Principal component analysis (PCA) and matrix cluster analysis were used to identify pollution sources and classified trace metals and soil samples into two and five groups, respectively. The five groups represented the effects of different land use types, including agricultural area, residential and public area, industrial area, forest, and industrial area and roadside, based on the contents of trace metals in soils. Industrial, agricultural and traffic activities attribute to the enrichment of Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn in the region’s soils. Moreover, the accumulation of As and Pb are also attributed to atmospheric deposition. These results can contribute to a better understanding of pollution, ecological risks, and human health risks from trace metals on large regional scales like the Golden Triangle of Southern Fujian Province.
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Kupiec, Michał, Paweł Pieńkowski, Beata Bosiacka, Izabela Gutowska, Patrycja Kupnicka, Adam Prokopowicz, Dariusz Chlubek, and Irena Baranowska-Bosiacka. "Old and New Threats—Trace Metals and Fluoride Contamination in Soils at Defunct Smithy Sites." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 5 (March 6, 2019): 819. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16050819.
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The aim of this study was to investigate soil contamination with trace elements and fluoride at sites in Szczecin (NW Poland) where economic activity was historically associated with the use of trace metals. As the Polish legislation does not recognize the lasting impact of historical pollution on soils, land developers are not obliged to determine soil pollution in the new residential areas, including parks and playgrounds for children. Therefore, in this study, at the locations of defunct metalwork enterprises (smithies, foundries, chemical plants, and small metal production plants), which were closed down after World War II, we determined lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), and cobalt (Co) levels in the soil. In addition, we also determined fluoride (F) levels due to the contemporary fluoride pollution in the area generated by a large chemical plant with a post-production phosphogypsum waste landfill and a power plant complex. Our results show that soil at the sites of now-defunct smithies can still act as a significant source of trace metals. Pb concentration in the surface (0–20 cm) and subsurface (20–40 cm) layers exceeded concentration thresholds for soils with first-degree pollution. The concentrations of Zn and Cu also exceeded their natural background limits. Furthermore, our research indicates an increased concentration of fluoride in surface layers of the soil; however, not exceeding the fluoride content threshold. These observations have important consequences for public health and safety because, presently, the studied sites function as housing estates and other public facilities. Therefore, contaminated soil at these sites may pose a threat to the health of local residents and should be closely monitored for trace metal contamination levels.
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Samokhvalova, V. L., Y. V. Skrylnyk, L. O. Shedey, V. I. Lopushnyak, N. V. Oliynyk, P. A. Samokhvalova, and O. V. Mandryka. "Forecasting the levels of trace elements and heavy metals content in soils of different genesis for the assessment of their environmental and productional functions." Ecology and Noospherology 27, no. 1-2 (January 21, 2016): 72–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/031607.
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Grounded the method for predicting of trace elements (TE) and heavy metals (HM) content in the soil system of different genesis were examined on the example of soils in different natural-climatic zones of Ukraine, contaminated soils in Kharkiv, Donetsk and Lugansk regions, and intensive fertilizer (organo-mineral, organic and mineral system of fertilizers) of soils in Kiev, Kharkiv, Poltava and Lviv region. In the developed methodical approach by using the parameters indicators of the energy state of the soil (calorific value of humus, the reserves of energy in the soil layer of 0–20 cm) using mathematical models and the spread of the algorithm of the method on other soil types of a particular natural-climatic zone in the conditions of technogenic pollution and technological load is predicted the TE and/or HM content in soils of different types, which ensures the rapidity of the assessment and improve the accuracy of the trace element status prediction, energy and humus state of soils of different genesis with the identification of soils ecological differences to predict their quality by assessment of ecological functions for the ranking of energy intensity indicators of the soil. Scientific elaboration of a method for predicting levels of chemical elements in soils of different types on the natural environment, the effects of man-made pollution and technological load, should be used in the environmental regulation of the TE content and normalization of loads (technogenic, technological) on the soil system, agroecology on issues of organic farming, bioenergy and energy of soil formation; diagnosis, estimation, prediction of humus quality and the of TE status and the danger of excessive accumulation of HM in the soil for indicators of the energy state; the effective environmental management of soils as in natural conditions, and the influence of various anthropogenic factors, taking into account their ecological functions; in research practice – for system research of natural components of the biosphere, the assessment of carbon sequestration in soils and assess of their quality. Distinctive features and advantages of the proposed elaboration in comparison with known methods and approaches are: greater predictability of energy and trace element status, humus and ecological state of the soil as a whole to prevent the degradation of soil organic matter and reduction of risks of influence of HM technogenic pollution; rapidity of obtaining and improving the accuracy of the predictions of the HM and TE content in the soil; universality way to suitability of the method for all soil types in different climatic zones; stimulating further research in the field of energy of soil formation and solution of practical tasks of conservation and restoration of soils functions, identification optimal energy cost and taking into account the ecological functions of soil certain type.
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Suleman, Nawal M. "The extent of trace metals pollution in fruit dates palm and associated soil of Zilfi Province, Saudi Arabia." Journal of The Faculty of Science and Technology, no. 6 (January 12, 2021): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.52981/jfst.vi6.602.
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Fruits and vegetables are edible plant products that are good for health, some trace elements concentration (Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, and V) which may be found as pollutants in fruit dates palm and agricultural soils at Zilfi Province were determined by using ICP-MS spectrophotometer. The concentrations in mg/kg of the elements under study in agricultural soil were found ranged as follows: Cu(5.8-16.6), Hg(1.4-3), Mn (55.9-506.9), Ni(3.6-48.1), Pb(7.2-184.4), V(82.6-136.5). Four samples (5,6.10 and 11) have been contaminated with lead when we compare these values with the maximum allowable limits for WHO for Pb(100mg/kg). The concentrations in mg/kg of the elements under study in date palm fruit were found, ranged as follows: Cu (1.8-5.3), Hg (0.17-1.4), Mn (2.4-12.6), Ni (0.75-7.6), Pb (1.2-24.7), and V (11.6-17.3). All date samples were found to be contaminated with Mn element except sample (5). The concentrations of Nickel and Lead in all date palm fruits samples show high contamination compared to WHO/FAO limits for these elements. There have been highly pollution of soil and dates grown in the Zilfi Province elements by lead, but the pollution by mercury is only found in dates samples.
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Chen, Su, Lei Chao, Li Na Sun, and Tie Heng Sun. "Impacts of Trace Elements Iron and Zinc on Phytoavailability of Heavy Metals Cadmium and Lead." Advanced Materials Research 664 (February 2013): 504–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.664.504.
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In this paper, the soil simulation pot experiment was carried out to study the impacts of trace elements iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) on availability of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb). The self-made Cd and Pb compound contaminated soil was taken as the test soil, and wheat was taken as the test plant. The results show that with the increase in Fe dosage, overground dry weight, root dry weight, and total dry weight of wheat gradually increase; the application of Zn reduces overground dry weight, root dry weight, and total dry weight of wheat. Meanwhile, wheat biomass under Cd and Pb combined pollution is smaller than that under single Cd pollution or single Pb pollution. The application of Fe fertilizer increases Cd absorption of various parts of wheat. In the single Cd pollution treatment, with the increase in Fe dosage, Cd concentrations in roots, stems and leaves of wheat will first be increased, then decreased; in Cd and Pb combined pollution treatment, with the increase in Fe, Cd concentrations in roots, stems and leaves of wheat will also be increased. The application of Fe promotes the Pb absorption of wheat. With the increase in Fe dosage, Pb concentrations in roots, stems and leaves of wheat will first be increased, then decreased slightly. Compared with Zn0, Cd concentrations of different parts of wheat after Zn1 and Zn2 treatment increase significantly. In addition, with the increase in Zn dosage, Cd concentrations of different parts of wheat will first increase, then decrease. Regardless of single Pb pollution treatment or Cd and Pb combined pollution treatment, Pb concentrations of different parts of wheat decrease as Zn dosage increases. Under different Fe and Zn levels, and when Cd and Pb coexist, Pb can promote Cd absorption of plant, but Cd inhibits Pb absorption of plant.
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Campos, Paloma, Heike Knicker, Rafael López, and José María De la Rosa. "Application of Biochar Produced from Crop Residues on Trace Elements Contaminated Soils: Effects on Soil Properties, Enzymatic Activities and Brassica rapa Growth." Agronomy 11, no. 7 (July 11, 2021): 1394. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11071394.
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Soil pollution by trace elements is a huge problem around the globe. In addition, heavy metal immobilization and primary productivity are two soil ecosystem services of contemporary importance to society. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of using olive pit and rice husk biochars as soil amendments for the immobilization of trace elements and on plant development growing in heavy metals-polluted soils under greenhouse conditions. The application of high doses (5% and 10%) of biochar significantly increased pH, water holding capacity and total C content of the soils. Dehydrogenase activity in the moderately acidic soil was greater than in the acidic soil due to the high concentration of metals and high acidity of the latter. The application of biochar reduced the β–glucosidase activity. Furthermore, the concentrations of CaCl2-extractable heavy metals significantly decreased in biochar amended pots, indicating metal immobilization, which was consistent with the increase in soil pH. Distribution of trace elements in the different fractions was modified after 65 days of incubation, independently of the treatment. The Cu and Zn contents in the oxidizable fraction were reduced with incubation, whereas Cd and Zn in the residual fraction increased. The reduction of bioavailable concentrations and increments in the residual or more stable fractions indicated less risk for the organisms in the environment. All biochars addition significantly increased the root-to-shoot ratio compared to the control soil. Particularly, 10% of amendment increased this ratio in the greatest extent. The application of 10% w/w of rice husk biochar produced at 500 °C was the most effective in restoring soil functionality and reducing the availability of heavy metals in the polluted soils.
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Landsberger, Sheldon. "Trace and ultratrace elements in plants and soil." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 265, no. 1 (June 2005): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10967-005-0800-z.
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BOUMAZA, Bilal, and Tatyana Vladimirovna CHEKUSHINA. "Assessment of metallic trace elements contamination in a mining area of the processing of Djebel Onk phosphate ore (Algeria)." NEWS of the Ural State Mining University 1 (March 15, 2021): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21440/2307-2091-2021-1-7-16.
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Research relevance. Phosphate mining activities are one of the main sources of contamination by heavy metals since they harmfully affect the soil and lead to the degradation of the ecosphere. Research aim. This study aims at characterizing and evaluating the metallic contamination of soils in the vicinity of the Djebel Onk mine in the town of Bir El Ater (Wilaya of Tébessa) in eastern Algeria, and particularly focusing on estimating the spatial variability of this contamination and the extent of the contaminated area. Methodology. The physicochemical characteristic (pH) was determined by pH-meter, whereas AAS was used for the determination of heavy metals (Pb, Cu, Zn, Cd) in the examined soil Research results. The results reveal that soils that are close to the mine site studied and even those that are far away are heavily contaminated with heavy metals — lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and cadmium (Cd); the results also point out to a high variability of concentrations not only between sampling sites but also within the same mine site. The analysed soil pollution index is generally high even for soils sampled downstream more than 30 km from the mine site, whereas it is extremely high on the surface of the tailings slopes, underlining the fact that tailings are considered perennial sources of heavy metal contamination in their current state. Conclusion. The unhealthy area affected by metal pollution from mining sites in the Djebel Onk is very large as a result of the dispersion, by wind and water transport, of residual pollutants from the mine wastes abandoned on site. Remediation measures must be put into place to immobilize the pollutants and limit their spread to the environment Keywords: Soil contamination, Algeria, heavy metals, phosphate mine, pollution index.
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Shen, Weidan, Kangning Xiong, Yang Gao, Mingying Quan, Haijun Peng, Ting Yang, Linfeng He, and Kunshan Bao. "Distribution of Potential Harmful Trace Elements and Potential Ecological Risk in the Jiulongchi Wetland of Fanjing Mountain, Southwest China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 5 (March 6, 2020): 1731. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051731.
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In order to understand the distribution and ecological risk of potential harmful trace elements (PHTEs) in the high altitude areas of the Fanjing Mountain World Natural Heritage Property, 30 surface samples including soil and plants were collected in April, 2019 in the Jiulongchi wetland which lies in the saddle between the New Jinding Peak of Fanjing Mountain and Fenghuang Peak. The contents of 23 major and trace elements were determined, and the pollution characteristics and potential ecological risk of 11 PHTEs (Mn, V, Zn, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, As, Cd, Sb and Pb) were discussed. The element contents showed significant differences in plant and soil samples. Enrichment factor and single-factor pollution index demonstrated that Mn, Zn, Co, As and Cd in the soil were in a clean state. The potential ecological risk index and pollution load index indicated an overall good ecological condition of Jiulongchi wetland, with a weak pollution degree. Comparisons of relevant studies showed the anthropogenic activities have considerable impacts on the pollution status of PHTEs with significant spatial differences in Fanjing Mountain. Multivariate statistical analysis proved that Pb and Sb were main pollutants of the soil in the Jiulongchi wetland, and the mining and smelting of minerals such as mercury, manganese and lead-zinc ore in the adjacent areas could be the main pollution sources through atmospheric deposition. This study could provide targeted strategies for the environmental protection and management of the Property and give scientific evidence for the pollution prevention in southwest China.
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Lee, K. Y., M. K. Yang, Y. Y. Yoon, S. K. Shim, S. Y. Cho, B. K. Seo, Y. S. Chung, and J. H. Lee. "Biomonitoring of environmental pollution based on studies of trace elements in soil and crops." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 259, no. 1 (2004): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:jrnc.0000015808.53338.cd.
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Galán, Emilio, Antonio J. Romero-Baena, Patricia Aparicio, and Isabel González. "A methodological approach for the evaluation of soil pollution by potentially toxic trace elements." Journal of Geochemical Exploration 203 (August 2019): 96–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2019.04.005.
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S. "Microbial Response to the Application of Amendments in a Contaminated Soil with Trace Elements." American Journal of Environmental Sciences 5, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 94–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/ajessp.2009.94.98.
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Zubillaga. "Microbial Response to the Application of Amendments in a Contaminated Soil with Trace Elements." American Journal of Environmental Sciences 5, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 94–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/ajes.2009.94.98.
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Antonijević-Nikolić, Mirjana, Jelena Đuričić-Milanković, Đorđe Nikolić, and Dušan Stanojević. "The content of trace elements in the urban soil of Šabac and ecological risk assessment." Zastita materijala 62, no. 2 (2021): 83–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zasmat2102083a.
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This study deals with the assessment of trace elements pollution of urban soil in Šabac. A total of 32 samples of the surface layer of soil (up to 10 cm deep) were collected from the locations of three city parks in the urban zone. Pseudototal concentrations of seven elements: copper (Cu), lead (Pb), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn), cadmijum (Cd) and chrome (Cr) were determined in the samples after aqua regia digestion, using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The abundance of elements in the analyzed soil samples was: Mn >> Pb> Cr> Ni> Cu> Co> Cd. The conducted correlation analysis showed good correlation of the pairs of Cu - Pb, Cu - Cd and Pb - Cd elements, while the cluster analysis singled out two main groups of elements. The first group included Pb, Cd, and Cu, indicating that these elements originated from anthropogenic sources, while the remaining elements were probably of geogenic origin. Based on the obtained results, the assessment of the level of soil contamination with trace elements was performed, as well as the assessment of the ecological risk. Mean values of contamination factors indicate that the soil from all three examined sites is contaminated with Pb and Cd. The Cd has the higher individual potential ecological risk then the other elements.
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Šalamún, P., V. Hanzelová, D. Miklisová, and T. Brázová. "Effect of heavy metals on soil nematode communities in the vicinity of a metallurgical plant in North Slovakia." Helminthologia 52, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 252–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/helmin-2015-0040.
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Abstract The effect of industrial pollution from chromium ferroalloys production on soil free-living nematode assemblages, c-p groups and generic composition was investigated along 7-km transect. From trace elements (Cr, Cu, Ni and Pb), only chromium exceeded the thresholds for uncontaminated soils (10 mg.kg-1) near the pollution source. In contrast mobilizable fraction of Cr has increased with the distance from the pollution source and was found to be positively correlated with Cox, soil pH, and moisture. Generic richness (nematode diversity) was also higher at remote sites. The low contamination has no significant impact on the nematode communities as illustrated by the c-p groups composition and balanced community structure. Widely applied ecological indices SI and EI also proved maturing ecosystem without any significant stress responses
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Yola, I. A., and A. A. Sanni. "Investigating the environmental pollution caused by steel slag in Dana steel rolling mill plant, Katsina." Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 12, no. 2 (February 11, 2021): 111–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v12i2.15.
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Presence of heavy metals in the soil may contaminate the surrounding environment which causes chronic diseases. The waste steel slag in Dana steel rolling mill Katsina, Nigeria is always dumped within the premises of the company. Therefore, this research examined the level of environmental pollution caused by the deposited steel slag. Minipal 4 version of PW4030 X –Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer (XRF Spectrometer) was used to analyse the chemical composition of sample A (slag), sample B (mill scale), sample C (humus soil) and sample D (humus soil and slag) at Centre for Energy Research and Training, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria. Chemical compounds were detected in all the samples with oxides, Fe2O3 (11.8% - 86.13%) and SiO2 (4.41% - 57.7%) dominating. Product moment correlation coefficient was used to compare the effect of Slag (sample A) on Humus soil (sample C). The result obtained has shown that, the calculated value r = + 0.763 is greater than the table value r = + 0.483 at 5% level of significance and 15 d.f. This indicates that, the correlation between the two samples is highly significant. Fe2O3, MnO and ZnO trace elements in the humus soil were enriched after cultured with slag sample and P2O5, K2O, CaO, and SO3 trace elements that are useful for plants growth and development were leached.
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Yelikbayev, B. K., Marcela C. Pagano, and G. A. Jamalova. "HYPERACCUMULATOR PLANTS FOR PHYTOREMEDIATION OF SOIL CONTAMINATED WITH HEAVY METALS." BULLETIN 5, no. 387 (October 15, 2020): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2020.2518-1467.140.
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Environmental pollution, including pollution of urban soils by heavy metals causes serious environmental concern around the world. Heavy metals accumulate relatively quickly in soil but their removal rate is very slow. Hyperaccumulator plants help cleanse the environment from heavy metals. Phytoremediation is cleansing of soils contaminated with heavy metals, using plants that accumulate significant amounts of metals. An important environmental problem in large industrial cities is pollution by toxic compounds, including heavy metals. Due to the potential toxicity and high resistance of metals, soils contaminated with these elements are an environmental problem that requires effective and affordable solution. In soils heavy metals are in varying degrees of accessibility to plants. Water-soluble forms of heavy metals, as a rule, are presented in the form of various salts and organic complex compounds. Phytoremediation of urban soils from heavy metals is an important environmental challenge. Among the wild species, a special group of heavy metal hyperaccumulator plants is highlighted. Some of the land plants that can accumulate abnormally high levels of potentially toxic trace elements are known as “hyperaccumulators” and their number includes about 500 taxa. Phytoremediation is much more environmentally friendly and cheaper than other techniques, so recently it has received widespread use in various countries.
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Sun, L. H., and S. B. Feng. "Pollution Assessment of Trace Elements in the Soil Planting Chinese Herbaceous Peony in Suzhou, China." Nature Environment and Pollution Technology 20, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 357–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.46488/nept.2021.v20i01.041.
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Mishra, R. P., S. K. Tripathi, A. K. Mishra, Arvind Mishra, and S. C. Barman. "Impact of trace elements pollution of treated industrial effluent and its effect on soil and agriculture produce." Environment Conservation Journal 15, no. 3 (December 20, 2014): 157–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.2014.15325.
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In the present study investigation on impact of treated and partially treated industrial effluents on soil and agriculture produce has been carried out. The study find out that parameters (pH, TSS, TDS, BOD, COD, Chloride, Sulphate, Zn, Cu, Pb, Ni, Cr, Cd) of channel water of sampling station-I (8.12, 404 mgl-1, 2624 mgl-1, 122 mgl-1, 331.45 mgl-1, 808 mgl-1, 32.4 mgl-1 , 0.36 mgl-1 , 0.05 mgl-1, 0.03 mgl-1, 0.04 mgl-1, 4.55 mgl-1, 0.03 mgl-1) was higher than station-II (7.82, 215 mgl-1, 1737 mgl-1, 105 mgl-1, 265 mgl-1, 788 mgl-1, 29.7 mgl-1 , 0.31 mgl-1, 0.04 mgl-1, 0.03 mgl-1, 0.03 4.12 mgl-1, 0.02 mgl-1) . Waste water quality of stations I and II meet to exceed the Indian standard (IS: 2490) for BOD- 30 mgl-1, COD-250 mgl-1 and Cr- 2 mgl-1 for safe disposal of effluents into the surface water. During the course of study soil and agricultural produce has been collected from irrigation of treated or partial treated industrial effluent and analyzed for trace elements i.e. Fe, Zn, Cu, Pb, Ni, Cr and Cd. The trace elements showed different enrichment factor for soil as Cd 8.75(max), Cr 8.6, Zn 5.73, Ni 4.08, Fe 3.16, Cu 2.41, Pb 1.58(min). For plant samples collected at polluted site showed different enrichment factor of trace elements - 6.87 (Cr)> 6.04 (Zn)> 3.34 (Pb)> 3.05 (Cu)> 2.78 (Fe)> 2.30 (Ni)> BDL (Cd). The levels of trace elements concentration in spinach (max) (Fe821, Zn145, Cu19.84, Pb 18.04, Ni 10.1, Cr38.32, Cd0.88 µg/g) and in wheat (min) (Fe326, Zn102, Cu8.23, Pb 12.6, Ni 5.9, Cr21.5, Cd0.21 µg/g) grown on polluted soil were found more than the reference value of control sites in spinach (Fe257, Zn25, Cu6.98, Pb7.43, Ni4.13, Cr5.6, Cd BDL) , which may create chronic health problem to living being through food chain . The highest enrichment factor of agricultural produce (Efp- Fe-2.78,Zn-6.04,Cu-3.05,Pb-3.34,Ni-2.3,Cr-6.87,Cd-0) was found for the element of Cr and for soil, the highest enrichment factor (Efs- - Fe-3.16,Zn-5.73,Cu-2.41,Pb-1.58,Ni-4.08,Cr-8.6,Cd-8.75) was found for element of Cd respectively.
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Cheng, Xianfeng, Jarmila Drozdova, Tomas Danek, Qianrui Huang, Wufu Qi, Shuran Yang, Liling Zou, Yungang Xiang, and Xinliang Zhao. "Pollution Assessment of Trace Elements in Agricultural Soils around Copper Mining Area." Sustainability 10, no. 12 (December 1, 2018): 4533. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10124533.
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Agricultural soils from Dongchuan copper mining area were sampled and analyzed to determine the concentrations of selected trace elements, namely As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn. The main objectives of this study were: (1) To determine the levels of trace elements and their spatial distribution in soils; (2) to evaluate the potential ecological risk; and (3) to identify the main sources of risk element pollution. The environmental risks were assessed using five different contamination and pollution indexes. Descriptive and exploratory statistical analyses were performed to identify the relations among the trace elements in soils and possible sources of pollution. Although the values of As, Cu and Zn in the soils were significantly higher than Yunnan background values and exceeded the limits of the Chinese national standards in several sampling points, the most serious threat for the ecosystem and human health was represented by Cd. The main sources of Cu and As were identified mining activities, airborne particulates from smelters and the weathering of tailings, and partly also agricultural fertilizers. The major source of Cd was agricultural fertilizers and partly sources associated with mining and smelting activities.
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Patel, Anjan, and Elina Choudhury. "Role of Soils and Its Trace Element Concentration on Human Dental Health: An Overview." Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution 18, no. 2 (April 29, 2021): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ajw210021.
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Recognition of the relationship between soils and human health dates back to ancient times and soil degradation has certainly been an important issue for human civilization. The intake of food quality and its nutrition value depends to a large extent on the health of soils, in which it is grown. Moreover, the quality of drinking water depends upon the mineral-bearing rocks forming the aquifers, the soils through which it passes and the related geo-hydrological parameters. The present study specifically addresses the dental health problems caused due to the in-situ ground condition of the locality and the soil contamination. This kind of study has become more vital considering the fact that the burden of oral diseases is increasing in many developing countries, especially among the rural masses. However, the possible connections between soils or ground conditions and dental problems are yet to be established properly. Mechanism of the incorporation of trace elements into soils and further into human teeth need more understanding. The present appraisal of the works related to soils and human health can be considered as thought-provoking for future research in this field, especially in view of the effects of rapid climate change and industrialisation on soils and human health in recent times.
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Martín-Sanz, Juan Pedro, Inmaculada Valverde-Asenjo, Ana de Santiago-Martín, José Ramón Quintana-Nieto, Concepción González-Huecas, Antonio L. López-Lafuente, and Ana Diéguez-Antón. "Enzyme activity indicates soil functionality affectation with low levels of trace elements." Environmental Pollution 243 (December 2018): 1861–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.10.029.
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Al-Khawlany, Abdu Hamoud, A. R. Khan, and J. M. Pathan. "Radiological and health hazards resulting from radioactivity and elemental composition of some soil samples." Polish Journal of Medical Physics and Engineering 26, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 97–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pjmpe-2020-0011.
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AbstractInspection of the radioactivity level in the soil is very important for human health and environmental protection. This study aims at evaluating the radiological hazards and pollution risks related to natural radionuclides and elements in the selected soil samples. Ten samples of soil were collected from different sites of Aurangabad-India and the level of radioactivity was measured using gamma-ray spectrometry with NaI (Tl) detector. Furthermore, the Physico-chemical properties such as pH, organic matter, electrical conductivity, moisture, soil texture, etc., and elemental composition of soils have been decided on using various standard techniques. The mean concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K were 8.178, 17.408, and 96.496 Bq/kg, respectively, which are lower than the global average values of 35, 30, and 400 Bq/kg, respectively (UNSCEAR, 2000). The radiological hazard indices such as radium equivalent, absorbed dose, annual effective dose, internal index, external index, gamma index, excess lifetime cancer risk, etc., were calculated to assess the radiation hazards and compared with internationally recommended values which found to be lower than the permissibility limits.The Pearson correlation was applied to determine the existing relationship between radionuclides and radiological health hazard parameters, as well as with the physicochemical properties of the soil samples. The major and trace elements presented in soils were measured and their mean concentration was ranked in the formed order (Mg>Na>Ca>K>N>Mn>Fe>P>Zn>Cu). The pollution risk parameters (Geo-accumulation index, contamination factor, degree of contamination, pollution load index, and potential ecological risk index) related to the elements in the samples were assessed and results shown that the soils under study are unpolluted with the measured elements. Generally, the radioactivity levels and pollution risks indices in the soils of the study area are within the permissible safety limits and do not cause any significant health threat to humans. Thus, the presented data provide a general background of the detectable radionuclides for the study area and can be helpful in the future as a reference for more extensive studies in the same field.
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Olowoyo, J. O., L. L. Mugivhisa, and Z. G. Magoloi. "Composition of Trace Metals in Dust Samples Collected from Selected High Schools in Pretoria, South Africa." Applied and Environmental Soil Science 2016 (2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5829657.
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Potential health risks associated with trace metal pollution have necessitated the importance of monitoring their levels in the environment. The present study investigated the concentrations and compositions of trace metals in dust samples collected from classrooms and playing ground from the selected high schools In Pretoria. Schools were selected from Pretoria based on factors such as proximity to high traffic ways, industrial areas, and residential areas. Thirty-two dust samples were collected from inside and outside the classrooms, where learners often stay during recess period. The dust samples were analysed for trace metal concentrations using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). The composition of the elements showed that the concentrations of Zn were more than all other elements except from one of the schools. There were significant differences in the concentrations of trace metals from the schools (p<0.05). Regular cleaning, proximity to busy road, and well maintained gardens seem to have positive effects on the concentrations of trace metals recorded from the classrooms dust. The result further revealed a positive correlation for elements such as Pb, Cu, Zn, Mn, and Sb, indicating that the dust might have a common source.
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Cai, Kui, Minjie Zhang, Yanqiu Yu, and Kangjoo Kim. "Pollution, Source, and Relationship of Trace Metal(loid)s in Soil-Wheat System in Hebei Plain, Northern China." Agronomy 9, no. 7 (July 17, 2019): 391. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9070391.
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To study the complex migration and transformation of trace metal(loid)s in a soil–wheat system, 225 pairs of surface soil and wheat samples were collected from the Taihang Mountains front plain, Hebei Province, northern China. The concentrations and pools (F1, water-soluble; F2, exchangeable; F3, carbonate-bound; F4, humic acid-bound; F5, Fe–Mn oxide-bound; F6, organic matter-bound; and F7, residual) of Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, Ni, Cd, and Hg, and the soil properties of the samples were analyzed. The sum of the F1, F2, F3, and F4 proportions of Cd was higher than that of the other trace metal(loid)s, implying that Cd has greater mobility. We found a significant correlation (p < 0.01) between pools of trace metal(loid)s and the corresponding elements in wheat and a significant correlation (p < 0.01) between pools of trace metal(loid)s and pH, cation exchange capacity, clay, and total organic carbon. The results of principle component analysis (PCA)indicated that Cr, Ni and As mainly come from natural sources and Cu, Pb, Zn, and Cd from mixed groups related to farming and industry, Hg come from the coal burning. In addition, the total target hazard quotients showed the presence of harmful levels of trace metal(loid)s in wheat.
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Medunić, Gordana, Željka Kuharić, Adela Krivohlavek, Marija Đuroković, Kristina Dropučić, Ankica Rađenović, Borna Lužar Oberiter, Aleksandra Krizmanić, and Mladen Bajramović. "Selenium, Sulphur, Trace Metal, and BTEX Levels in Soil, Water, and Lettuce from the Croatian Raša Bay Contaminated by Superhigh-Organic-Sulphur Coal." Geosciences 8, no. 11 (November 8, 2018): 408. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences8110408.
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This paper elaborates soil, water, and lettuce contamination status with respect to selenium, sulphur, trace metals, and BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes) in a coal-based area (Raša Bay, Adriatic Sea, Croatia). A local coal-fired power plant polluted soil with S, Se, Cd, and PAHs due to the combustion of domestic superhigh-organic-sulphur coal. The locality is dotted with waste from coal mining/separation, coal combustion, former metal factories, untreated municipal and coal mine effluents, along with various harbour activities, which contribute to environmental contamination. The methodology involved ICP-MS and GC-MS for the measurement of trace elements and BTEX, respectively, while soil sulphur was determined with Eschka’s mixture. The max values of the analysed trace elements in soil (mg/kg) are reported: Hg 1.14, Cd 3.29, V 624, Se 10.3, Pb 872, Cr 1860, Zn 6580, Cu 1850, and U 25.2. According to ecological indices, these values fall into the category of an extremely high level of soil pollution. Elevated total Se values in surface water are ascribed to leaching of seleniferous coal, ash, and coal-polluted soil. Levels of BTEX in water samples were very low (0–0.83 µg/L). The data provide basic information on the inorganic and organic contamination status of the Raša Bay area.
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Chen, Bin, Xiao-quan Shan, and Jin Qian. "Bioavailability index for quantitative evaluation of plant availability of extractable soil trace elements." Hydrobiologia 186, no. 2 (October 1996): 275–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00014762.
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Vincevica-Gaile, Zane, Maris Klavins, Vita Rudovica, and Arturs Viksna. "Trace and Major Elements in Food Articles in Latvia: Root Vegetables." Scientific Journal of Riga Technical University. Environmental and Climate Technologies 7, no. -1 (January 1, 2011): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10145-011-0037-8.
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Trace and Major Elements in Food Articles in Latvia: Root Vegetables It is known that the content of trace and major elements in plants is dependent on several factors, such as type of species, soil properties, climate conditions, agricultural and agrichemical factors, pollution. The aim of the study was to quantify element content of root vegetables grown in farmlands and allotment gardens in Latvia. Samples of onion bulbs and carrot roots were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Quantitative amounts of 17 trace elements (Ag, As, Ba, Cd, Ce, Co, Cr, Cu, La, Mn, Ni, Pb, Rb, Se, Sr, V, Zn) and 5 major elements (Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na) were determined. It was detected that carrot roots contained higher amounts of several elements than onion bulbs. Differences in element content of vegetables were also detected between the subgroups of samples grown in farmlands versus samples grown in allotment gardens. Data revealed that onions grown in farmlands were more affected by contaminants.
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Abdusamadzoda, Daler, Djamshed A. Abdushukurov, Octavian G. Duliu, and Inga Zinicovscaia. "Assessment of the Toxic Metals Pollution of Soil and Sediment in Zarafshon Valley, Northwest Tajikistan (Part II)." Toxics 8, no. 4 (November 23, 2020): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics8040113.
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This study discusses contamination of soils and sediments with trace elements such as Mn, Ba, W, V, Co, Cr, Zn, Ni, As, Sb Hg as well as Th and U, the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors on the distribution of elements and the ecological state of the Zarafshon Valley. The elemental composition of 116 soil and sediment samples were analyzed by the neutron activation analysis. The calculation of the geoaccumulation index (Igeo), contamination factor (CF) and pollution load index (PLI) showed that some places in the investigated region with developed the industrial zones (around mining and processing plants of “Anzob”, “Konchoch”, “Kumargi bolo” and “Mogiyon”) are mostly polluted by As, Sb, Hg, and in rare cases, the high concentration of W and V were determined. In addition, they were considered the distribution of radioactive elements–thorium and uranium and their ratio in the soil and sediments. Moreover, in the investigated area, strong anomalies of Th and U were not found. It turned out that the content of Th and U are local in nature and do not have a noticeable effect on the environment.