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1
Salh, Qadri, Zhino Abdalla, Khasraw Rashid, and Shuela Sheikh-Abdullah. "Assessment of Fe, Ni, Zn, Cu, Cr, and Cd Migration in Soil Profiles Affected by Open Dump Leachate in Tanjero area." Journal of Zankoy Sulaimani - Part A 25, no. 2 (December 20, 2023): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17656/jzs.10917.
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The properties of an open dump area are important to the application of the elements to the soils and their migrations through soil depth; therefore this study was investigated to evaluate the migration of elements in an open dump area. Soil samples were taken from three soil profiles, one of them was at an open dump site, and the second and third profiles were taken at different distances from the open dump site. In total eighteen soil sample were collected. Some soil physical and chemical properties were determined for each horizon. Total concentrations of Fe, Ni, Zn, Cu, Cr, and Cd were determined in each soil sample. The results indicated that the Fe had the highest value and the Cd had the lowest values in all soil samples. The orders of profiles for the total heavy (Ni, Cd, and Cr) metals were as follows: Profile1 > profile3 > profile 2. The order of profiles for the total heavy (Zn and Cu) metals was as follows: Profile 1 > profile 2 > profile 3. The mean value of total Ni ranged between 9.17 and 11.13, Cd between 0.29 and 0.37, Cr between 2.67 and 3.36, Zn between 6.90 and 17.23, and Cu between 4.90 and 12.52. The highest amount of total Ni, Cd, Cr, Zn, and Cu were observed in open dump area (profile 1) with the mean value (11.13, 0.37, 3.36, 17.23, and 12.52) respectively, compared to the profile 2 and 3. In general, the heavy metals did not show a specific pattern of distribution with depth in the three soil profiles, because there are many factors affecting migration of heavy metals in soil depth. In both profile 2 and 3, some of the heavy metals migrated in soil depth.
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Mad Said, Mohd Jazlan, Adnan Zainorabidin, and Aziman Madun. "Soil Velocity Profile on Soft Soil Using Seismic Refraction." Applied Mechanics and Materials 773-774 (July 2015): 1549–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.773-774.1549.
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Soil velocity profile often used as subsurface characterization by using geophysical technic. Seismic refraction is one of geophysical technique to determine primary wave (p-wave) velocity of soil profile. In this paper, seismic refraction technique has been performed on two different types of soft soil (peat soil and RECESS clay) for comparison of its p-wave velocity soil profile. From p-wave velocity soil profile comparison, its show the peat soil has soil velocity range from 211 m/s – 534 m/s at depth of 0 – 4 m while the soft clay show soil velocity range from 248 m/s – 1842 m/s at depth of 0 – 5.5 m. The profiles of peat soils and RECESS clay have been verified using peat samplers and existing borehole data. Both of velocity soil profiles, indicated that peat soil have lower velocity compare with soft clay due to its unique and soft soil characteristics. The difference of p-wave velocity soil profile between peat soil and soft clay are clearly showed both soils have different soil p-wave velocity with different soils characteristics.
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Hidayat, Wahyu, Dyah Tjahyandari Suryaningtyas, and Budi Mulyanto. "Soil fertility based on mineralogical properties to support sustainable agriculture management." SAINS TANAH - Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology 21, no. 1 (June 30, 2024): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/stjssa.v21i1.85502.
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<p>Detailed information on soil mineral composition has been crucial in providing the basis for designing sustainable agricultural practices, as this information offers long-term insights into natural soil fertility. This research aimed to further investigate the characteristics of soil mineral composition as a basis for managing soil fertility. Three soil profiles representing three different parent materials have been examined in the field, and soil samples have been collected for laboratory analysis. Profile 1 originates from the Raung Volcano Rock Formation (Qhvr). Profile 2 originates from the Sukamade Formation (Toms). Profile 3 originates from Puger Formation (Tmp). The presence of Mount Raung volcanic influence results in distinct soil characteristics in Profiles 2 and 3 compared to typical sedimentary and karst rock soils. The sand fraction minerals in all three profiles are predominantly composed of opaque minerals, followed by rock fragments, ferromagnesian mineral series (olivine, augite, hypersthene, and hornblende), plagioclase minerals (anorthite, biotite, and labradorite), iron concretions, epidote, and tourmaline. The clay fraction minerals in all three profiles consist of illite, kaolinite, and quartz. The minerals illite and ferromagnesian groups in all three profiles play a significant role in increasing the availability of potassium, calcium, and magnesium nutrients, thereby reducing the need for fertilizers for these elements. The soils in all three profiles naturally possess good fertility; however, designing a sustainable agricultural system requires consideration of the morphology, landform, and climate of all three profiles.</p>
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O'Brien, Bernard John. "The Use of Natural and Anthropogenic 14C to Investigate the Dynamics of Soil Organic Carbon." Radiocarbon 28, no. 2A (1986): 358–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200007463.
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Radiocarbon has been measured in two soil profiles, one of which has been covered by a building since 1956. A comparison of the Δ14C values in horizons of each profile gives an estimate of the total input of atom bomb 14C into the soil profile. From the Δ14C and carbon density profile data, the carbon input rates, respiration rates, and diffusivity are calculated. The lack of vegetation on one soil affects the mobility and the respiration rate of the soil carbon in that soil. The data from this soil profile are also used to check the assumption, used in previous analyses, that there is a uniform distribution of ‘old’ carbon down the soil profile. The input rate, turnover time, and diffusivity parameters determined from the Δ14C profiles in these soils are compared with other published data on pasture and forest soils.
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Babayeva, A., S. Adygozelova, S. Mikailova, K. Abdullayeva, and A. Mamedova. "Factors Forming Soil Combinations and Comparative Geographical Approaches to the Study of Soil Cover Structure." Bulletin of Science and Practice, no. 8 (August 15, 2023): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/93/03.
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The comparative geographical approach to the study of soils consists in the parallel study of soils and soil formation factors at various points and in the analysis of their relationships. Compilation of profiles can be carried out in the office (if there is sufficient cartographic material) or on the basis of special field studies. Often both of these methods are combined: profiles of smaller scales are compiled in the office, and larger scales — on the basis of special field studies. Soil formation factors were also applied to these profiles (first of all, the relief that determined the profile line), while usually only those factors were applied that had a decisive influence on the differentiation of the soil cover, caused the emergence of soil combinations.
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Skvortsova, E. B., K. N. Abrosimov, and K. A. Romanenko. "CHANGES IN MICROMORPHOMETRIC PARAMETERS OF VOIDS ALONG THE PROFILE OF ZONAL SOILS IN EUROPEAN RUSSIA." Dokuchaev Soil Bulletin, no. 78 (May 1, 2015): 42–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.19047/0136-1694-2015-78-42-58.
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The soils are distinguished by the presence and the profile distribution pattern of such pedogenic parameters as the organic matter content, available pedofeatures, structural state of the soil mass, etc. They differ in the organization of the pore space throughout the soil profile as well. Under discussion are results of computer micromorphometric analysis of fine macropores d = 0.2-2.0 mm in thin sections of vertical orientation from samples taken in genetic horizons of podzolic, soddy podzolic, gray forest soils and chernozems at the territory of European Russia. The profile changes in voids were analyzed using the most informative morphometric parameters such as the total area of the studied voids in thin sections, the content of fissure-like voids and those of vertical and/or horizontal orientation. The soil types under study showed differences in profile distribution of the above parameters. By analogy with the profile of carbonates, salts, organic matter it is proposed to recognize diagnostic profiles of the pore space represented as a system of voids in genetic horizons of the soil profile. Empiric profiles of the pore space reveal a great diversity. The most complicated organization of the pore space is inherent to soddy podzolic soils, the most simple “smoothed” profiles are characteristic of typical chernozems. The expert qualitative typization showed that the eluvial-illuvial and accumulative-eluvial-illuvial types are dominant among the studied empiric profiles of the pore space (42 and 30% respectively), what is explained by prevailing texture-differentiated soils. On the other hand, it makes possible to use the profile of the pore space as a diagnostic parameter of soils and soil formation processes.
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Yu, Dandan, Feilong Hu, Kun Zhang, Li Liu, and Danfeng Li. "Available water capacity and organic carbon storage profiles in soils developed from dark brown soil to boggy soil in Changbai Mountains, China." Soil and Water Research 16, No. 1 (December 11, 2020): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/150/2019-swr.
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The available water capacity (AWC) is the most commonly used parameter for quantifying the amount of soil water that is readily available to plants. Specific AWC and soil organic carbon storage (SOCS) profiles are consequences of the soil development process. Understanding the distributions of AWC and SOCS in soil profiles is crucial for modelling the coupling between carbon and water cycle processes, and for predicting the consequences of global change. In this study, we determined the variations in the AWC and SOCS from the surface to a depth of 100 cm in soils developed from dark brown soil, skeletal dark brown soil, meadow dark brown soil, white starched dark brown soil, meadow soil, and boggy soil in the Changbai Mountains area of China. The AWC and SOCS profiles were calculated for each main soil group/subgroup using only the readily available variables for the soil texture and organic matter with the soil water characteristic equations. The results showed the following. (1) The AWC and SOCS decreased initially and then increased, before decreasing again in soils developed from dark brown soil to boggy soil, where the maximum SOCS occurred in the white starched dark brown soil, and the maximum AWC in the dark brown soil. (2) The SOCS was decreased by deforestation and concomitant soil erosion, but the negative impact of this decrease in the SOCS in the Changbai Mountains area was not caused completely by reductions in AWC. (3) In the soil development process from dark brown soil to boggy soil in response to deforestation, the AWC distribution differed in the profile and even among individual layers, whereas the SOCS was mainly present in the upper layer.
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Durak, Alper, and Mehmet Erdem Aydın. "Yeşilırmak Nehir Teraslarında Toprakların Oluşumu ve Sınıflandırılması." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 2, no. 2 (February 27, 2014): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v2i2.98-105.97.
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In this study, the soils of which parent material is alluvial and formed Yeşilırmak river terraces were investigated. For this purposes four different profiles were excavated in the study area. Then twenty-seven soil samples were taken from horizons of four profiles and their physical and chemical analyses were done for soil taxonomy research. Profile of Kumocagi and Cakil were classified in subgroup as Typic Ustipsamments, Havaalanı and Mera profiles were classified Typic Haplustolls and Typic Argiustolls subgroups respectively. The pH values of soils varied between 7.38-8.41. These soils can be classified as low and highly basic. Most of the soil series had an irregular pH distribution in the profile. The range of carbonate content of the soils was 0.8-25.4%. Although carbonate content of soils showed a very wide range, majority of them can be classified as highly calcareous. In most of soils carbonate content was distributed irregulary in the profile. Organic matter content were between 0.14-6.11% in the soils. Although organic matter contents of the soils changed in a wide range most of them had low organic matter content. Organic matter content was over 4% in the surface horizon of only two profiles. Research result showed that, alluvial parent material, particle size, topograpy and time have different effect on investigation soils.
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P. GURUMURTHY and T. SREELATHA. "CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND PEDOGENESIS OF SOILS OF AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE FARM, NAIRA, ANDHRA PRADESH." Journal of Research ANGRAU 51, no. 3 (October 5, 2023): 14–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.58537/jorangrau.2023.51.3.02.
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The study on elemental composition and pedogenesis of soils of Agricultural College farm, Naira of Srikakulam district was carried-out during 2021. The soils were developed from granite-gneiss parent material. Total silica (SiO2) content of soils ranged from 50.5 to 74.6 percentage. Silica content in general decreased with soil depth, while sesquioxides (R2O3), alumina (Al2O3), iron oxide (Fe2O3), CaO, K2O, Na2O, MnO were found increasing with depth. High silica/ sesquioxide ratio of soils indicated siliceous nature of soils. The aluminum oxide content of the profiles varied from 15.80% to 26.25%. Highest value was reported in lowland profile, whereas, the lowest value was recorded in rainfed upland profile. Iron oxide content varied from 5.04% to 8.50%. Iron oxide content showed slight variation within profiles. Among the other oxides, CaO > MgO > K2O > Na2O was of the order as the soils were developed under semi-arid climate, wherein, basic cations have accumulated in these soil profiles due to limited leaching. The molar concentration of silica (SiO2) ranged from 0.841 to 1.24 moles, and molar concentration of sesquioxide ranged from 0.191 to 0.313 moles. The molar ratio of SiO2 / R2O3 varied from 2.68 to 6.51 in different soil profiles. The SiO2 / Al2O3 ratio varied from 3.33 to 8.02. These wider molar ratios indicated salacious nature of parent material and due to dominance of silica among chemical fractions. Midland (P3) and lowland (P4) soil profiles showed silt/clay ratio of less than 0.45 and upland profiles showed more than 0.45 indicating relatively advanced weathering in mid and lowland profiles while it was moderate weathering in upland profiles. The Weathering Index of Parker (WIP) values of the soils of study area ranged between 2.8 and 32.4. The lower WIP values (2.8 to 8.1) were associated with rainfed uplands and higher values of 14.7- 32.4 with irrigated low lands. The PIA values ranged from 67 to 97 tend to decrease with the depth in all profiles. The profiles examined have the CIA values varied from 66 to 95 indicating high to intense weathering. The CIA values decreased with depth in all the profiles. The surface horizons of P1 and P2 soil profiles were classified as moderately weathered. On the other hand, all subsurface horizons of these two profiles were highly weathered. However, in profiles P3 and P4 the CIA values ranged between 68 to 90 indicating that these soils were highly weathered. CIW values closely followed the trend of CIA values. The bases/R2O3 values of all profiles ranged from 0.061 to 0.608 and found increased with soil depth in all the profiles. Relatively higher values of bases/R2O3 were found in P4 (low lands) indicating base rich character. Middle land and lowland black soil profiles showed silt/clay ratio of less than 0.45 and upland profiles showed morethan 0.45 indicating relatively advanced weathering in mid and lowland profiles while moderate weathering in upland profiles.
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CICŞA, Avram, Gheorghe Marian TUDORAN, Maria BOROEANU, Alexandru C. DOBRE, and Gheorghe SPÂRCHEZ. "Influence of Soil Genesis Factors on Gurghiu Mountain Forest Soils’ Physical and Chemical Properties." Series II: Forestry • Wood Industry • Agricultural Food Engineering 14(63), no. 2 (December 22, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.31926/but.fwiafe.2021.14.63.2.1.
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This research aimed to determine the values of chemical properties and the relationships between the main pedoecological factors that characterize the soils in the Gurghiu Mountains. The mapping surveys were carried out on an area of 4,647.36 ha located in the mixed mountain forest sites (FM2) (1,000–1,400 m altitude). The area was stratified into homogeneous site units in terms of climate, hydricity, and trophicity. At the level of the elementary site units, 35 main soil profiles and 46 control profiles were placed. The number of profiles was determined statistically to ensure an error of no more than 10%. Soil samples collected from the main profiles were analyzed in the laboratory. Soil’s properties values decreased on the soil’s profile (humus content from 15 to 2%, nitrogen from 1.1 to 0.5%, sum of exchangeable hydrogen from 20 to 9 me/100 g soil, and total cationic exchange capacity from 38 to 20 me/100 g soil), except the pH and the base saturation degree (the pH increased on profile from 4.5 to 6, and the base saturation degree from 40 to 70%). The soil properties, except for moisture, were significantly affected by altitude, and decreased when the altitude increased. Soil trophicity can be characterized by a soil index, the values of which were between 17 and 42 for the analyzed soils. These values indicated soil-specific trophicity levels from oligotrophic to eutrophic.
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Mew, G., and R. Lee. "Argillite soil characteristics influencing sustained pastoral production, east coast, North Island, New Zealand." Soil Research 31, no. 2 (1993): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9930165.
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Shoulder, mid-, and foot-slope profiles from two representative soil toposequences developed on siliceous mudstone, on steep land under cut-over forest and scrub, were described morphologically and analysed for selected chemical, physical and mineralogical properties, principally to determine the constraints to long-term sustainable pastoral production. The soils are low in both available phosphorus and sulfur, but the chief constraint appears to be high subsoil acidity giving rise to toxic levels of exchangeable Al. This is presumed to restrict root growth and N-fixing ability of the mixed grass/clover pastures, thereby severely limiting production through frequent and prolonged summer droughts. According to the revised N.Z. Soil Classification System, five of the six profiles are Brown Soils, and one shoulder profile is a Recent Soil. Close associations with Pallic Soils were noted in down-profile changes in Ca/Mg ratios and relatively high exchangeable Na levels. Following Soil Taxonomy, five of the profiles were classified as Dystrochrepts and one as a Fragiochrept. These classifications indicate site stability for soil formation under the indigenous vegetation cover. Adjoining steep sites under pasture are prone to erosion, however. Soil analytical results indicate that extensive erosion is not necessarily a prerequisite for problems with pastoral production in the region.
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Majgier, Leszek, and Oimahmad Rahmonov. "Selected Chemical Properties of Necrosols from the Abandoned Cemeteries Słabowo and Szymonka (Great Mazurian Lakes District)." Bulletin of Geography. Physical Geography Series 5, no. 1 (December 28, 2012): 43–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10250-012-0003-8.
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Abstract The paper shows the occurrences of cemetery soils and the physico-chemical features of soils in the cemeteries Słabowo and Szymonka (Great Mazurian Lakes District). Necrosols are anthropogenic soils and belong to Urbanosols. They form only in the area of cemeteries. Four soil profiles (Necrosols) were investigated in terms of morphological description and chemical properties especially phosphorus (Pt), organic carbon (OC) and nitrogen (Nt). These profiles were compared with the reference profile (Rusty soil, according to WRB 2007 Brunic Arenosol) made outside the cemetery. On the basis of research Necrosol has been defined as a soil formed by special human activity in cemeteries and burial grounds with specific soil horizon sequence, and also physical and chemical properties.
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Radmanovic, Svjetlana, Maja Gajic-Kvascev, Vesna Mrvic, and Aleksandar Djordjevic. "Characteristics of Rendzina soils in Serbia and their WRB classification." Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade 65, no. 3 (2020): 251–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jas2003251r.
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According to the Serbian official soil classification system, Rendzina is a soil type with an A-AC-C-R profile, developed on parent rock containing more than 20% of calcareous material (except soils with an A-R profile on hard pure limestone or dolomite). Previous investigations have shown that 29 Rendzina soil profiles from Serbia belong to the reference soil groups (RSGs) of Leptosols, Regosols and Phaeozems according to the World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB 2015). The present study addresses the correlations among three WRB RSGs in terms of soil texture, mean weight diameter (MWD), total N content, and humus fractional composition using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The objective is to better understand the mutual relationship between the classification soil units used in Serbia and the international WRB system. The results show that PCA cannot unequivocally distinguish between these three RSGs. Leptosols and Regosols are highly incoherent groups while the group of Phaeozems is highly coherent, leading to the conclusion that the physical and chemical properties of the soil profiles of Phaoeozems are specific. It is obvious that soil depth and color, which are the overriding factors in the differentiation of Rendzina soils into three WRB RSGs, had no significant effect on these properties. The results further show that soil properties such as texture, MWD, humus fractional composition, etc. cannot be used to correlate Rendzina soils from Serbia with WRB. Instead, careful correlation of individual soil profiles is needed based on quantitative soil data analysis as required by WRB.
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Bain, D. C., and D. T. Griffen. "Possible effects of land use on the clay mineralogy of a brown forest soil." Clay Minerals 37, no. 4 (December 2002): 663–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/0009855023740068.
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AbstractThree soil profiles classed as brown forest soils on schistose parent material, in close proximity but under different land uses, have been studied. The profile under 50 year-old Sitka spruce trees is the most acidic, the second profile under rough grassland is less acidic, and the third profile in an arable field which has been fertilized is the least acidic. The clay fractions (ς μm) of all three profiles are very similar. However, computer simulations of the X-ray diffraction patterns of clay phases using a modified version of NEWMOD revealed two possible weathering trends: (1) an increasing proportion of vermiculite in interstratified mica-vermiculite in the upper horizons of the arable and forested soils; (2) formation of high-charge corrensite by weathering of chlorite in all three profiles but least pronounced in the arable soil. The differences in clay mineralogy amongst the profiles are minor, but these two different weathering trends may be due to the effects of different land use.
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Rokich, Deanna P., Kathy A. Meney, Kingsley W. Dixon, and K. Sivasithamparam. "The impact of soil disturbance on root development in woodland communities in Western Australia." Australian Journal of Botany 49, no. 2 (2001): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt00015.
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The impact of soil disturbance of the Banksia woodland soil profile and particularly the effect of different reconstructed soil profiles (overburden profile, white profile and yellow profile) and soil ripping within rehabilitation sites, was investigated in terms of root development and architecture for eight species that are key structural elements in Banksia woodland. The aim was to determine the soil environment best suited for root development and architecture likely to contribute to high seedling survival in post-mined sites. Root development and architecture differed significantly between native woodland, and rehabilitation sites. In general, roots were longer in native woodland with low lateral root production (for all species studied) compared to rehabilitation sites where the roots were shorter, tended to divide or lose geotrophy and consisted of numerous laterals. When comparing the different soil profiles in the rehabilitation sites, the commonly reconstructed profile of ‘topsoil over overburden’ (overburden profile) was the least favourable for root development and architecture. Ripping of the soil to 80 cm depth had a positive effect on root growth. There were differences between native woodland and rehabilitation sites, in soil impedance, soil bulk density, soil moisture percentage and organic carbon content. In general, reconstructed soils in rehabilitation sites have (1) soil impedance and soil bulk density values likely to seriously impede root development and architecture, (2) soil moisture percentages higher than those in undisturbed woodland during all months of monitoring and at most depths down to 40 cm and (3) lower organic carbon content than native woodland. When comparing the different soil profiles in rehabilitation sites, the overburden profile (a) had the highest impedance values, (b) was one of the profiles with the highest bulk density values and (c) had the highest soil moisture percentages during most months and at most depths examined. Ripping the soil decreased soil impedance and soil moisture contents. The major conclusion from this study is that soil impedance, which influences water movement, is a key characteristic of soil conditions that are not conducive to the development of deep penetrating root systems. These deep root systems may be directly linked to survival.
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Özaytekin, Hasan, Cihan Uzun, and Mert Dedeoğlu. "Genesis, mineralogy, and geochemistry of soil profiles developed on volcanic materials under semi-arid conditions from Central Anatolia-Turkey." Earth Sciences Research Journal 27, no. 4 (February 28, 2024): 425–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v27n4.100856.
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Pedogenesis of volcanic soils has been studied broadly in humid regions, but very little data are present regarding these soils in arid and semi-arid regions of Turkey. This research aimed to assess the pedological processes and investigate the physical, chemical, and mineralogical characteristics of soil profiles developed from volcanic parent material. The studied soils were not classified as Andisol because they lack andic properties. The results showed that sand and coarse silt fractions exceeded 30%. The bulk density was higher than 0.90 grcm-3 in all profiles. In general, phosphate retention was low, higher than 25% in profiles but lower than 85% in all profiles. The Al + ½ Fed percentages were lower than 2% in all profiles. Selective extraction (Na–Pyrophosphate, Ammonium Oxalate, Na–Dithionite) indicated that soils lack noncrystalline minerals, such as allophane, imogolite, and iron humus complexes. The only noncrystalline minerals in high quantities are Al-humus complexes and small amounts of ferrihydrite. X-ray diffraction indicated that smectite, kaolinite and illite were dominant minerals in the clay fraction. Among the studied profiles, profiles 1 and profile 4 are classified as vitrandic Haploxerept, profile 2 as vitrandic haploxerolls, and profile 3 as vitrandic Xerorthent. The results indicated that the dominant soil-forming processes include the following: 1. desilication and the eluviations of base cations and Al from the solum; and 2. transformation of iron and aluminum from the sand and silt-size fractions into secondary clay and crystalline Fe minerals. The major factors determining soil genesis on Mt. Karacadağ appear to be climate and topography affected by the leaching regime and weathering rates.
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Liu, Xianbin, Xiaoming Zou, Min Cao, and Tushou Luo. "Organic Carbon Storage and 14C Apparent Age of Upland and Riparian Soils in a Montane Subtropical Moist Forest of Southwestern China." Forests 11, no. 6 (June 5, 2020): 645. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11060645.
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Upland and riparian soils usually differ in soil texture and moisture conditions, thus, likely varying in carbon storage and turnover time. However, few studies have differentiated their functions on the storage of soil organic carbon (SOC) in sub-tropical broad-leaved evergreen forests. In this study, we aim to uncover the SOC storage and 14C apparent age, in the upland and riparian soils of a primary evergreen broad-leaved montane subtropical moist forest in the Ailao Mountains of southwestern China. We sampled the upland and riparian soils along four soil profiles down to the parent material at regular intervals from two local representative watersheds, and determined SOC concentrations, δ13C values and 14C apparent ages. We found that SOC concentration decreased exponentially and 14C apparent age increased linearly with soil depth in the four soil profiles. Although, soil depth was deeper in the upland soil profiles than the riparian soil profiles, the weighted mean SOC concentration was significantly greater in the riparian soil (25.7 ± 3.9 g/kg) than the upland soil (19.7 ± 2.3 g/kg), but has an equal total SOC content per unit of ground area around 21 kg/m2 in the two different type soils. SOC δ13C values varied between −23.7 (±0.8)‰ and −33.2 (±0.2)‰ in the two upland soil profiles and between −25.5 (±0.4)‰ and −36.8 (±0.4)‰ along the two riparian soil profiles, with greater variation in the riparian soil profiles than the upland soil profiles. The slope of increase in SOC 14C apparent age along soil depth in the riparian soil profiles was greater than in the upland soil profiles. The oldest apparent age of SOC 14C was 23,260 (±230) years BP (before present, i.e., 1950) in the riparian soil profiles and 19,045 (±150) years BP in the upland soil profiles. Our data suggest that the decomposition of SOC is slower in the riparian soil than in the upland soil, and the increased SOC loss in the upland soil from deforestation may partially be compensated by the deposition of the eroded upland SOC in the riparian area, as an under-appreciated carbon sink.
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Zhou, Wenxiang, Guilin Han, Man Liu, Chao Song, and Xiaoqiang Li. "Geochemical Distribution Characteristics of Rare Earth Elements in Different Soil Profiles in Mun River Basin, Northeast Thailand." Sustainability 12, no. 2 (January 7, 2020): 457. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12020457.
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Exploring the distributions of rare earth elements (REEs) in soil profiles is essential to understanding how natural and anthropogenic factors influence the geochemical behaviors of REEs. This study aimed to learn about the distribution characteristics of REEs in soils, including their fractionation and enrichment, and to explore the influence of soil pH and soil organic carbon (SOC) on REEs. One hundred and three samples were collected from six soil profiles under different land uses (paddy field: T1, T3; forest land: T2, T6; wasteland: T4; building site: T5) in the Mun River Basin, Northeast Thailand. The average total REE contents (∑REE) are much lower (<80 mg kg−1) than that of Earth’s crust (153.80 mg kg−1) in soil profiles T2, T3, T4, and T6. The contents of REEs tend to increase slightly with depth in all soil profiles. The ratios of (La/Yb)N range from 0.35 to 0.96 in most samples, indicating that the enrichment of heavy REEs (HREEs) relative to light REEs (LREEs) is the main fractionation pattern. Samples from profile T2 show relatively obvious negative Ce anomalies (0.55–0.78) and positive Eu anomalies (1.41–1.56), but there are almost no anomalies of Ce and Eu in other soil profiles. Enrichment factors of LREEs (EFLREEs) range from 0.23 to 1.54 and EFHREEs range from 0.34 to 2.27, which demonstrates that all soil samples show no LREE enrichment and only parts of samples show minor HREE enrichment. Soil organic carbon (SOC) contents positively correlate with the enrichment factors of REEs (EFREE) in soil profiles T1 (R = 0.56, p < 0.01) and T6 (R = 0.71), while soil pH values correlate well with EFREE in soil profiles T2 (R = 0.75) and T4 (R = −0.66, p < 0.01), indicating the important influence of soil pH and SOC on the mobility of REEs in some soil profiles.
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Nevedrov, N. P. "Profile Distribution and Migration of Heavy Metals in the Soils of the Kursk Agglomeration (Model Experiments)." South of Russia: ecology, development 15, no. 1 (April 16, 2020): 60–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2020-1-60-68.
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Aim. Laboratory evaluation of the characteristics of spatial distribution and migration of heavy metals (HM) in model soil profiles of varied genesis through measurement of the electrokinetic potential of soil solutions. Material and Methods. Undisturbed soils of forest parks landscapes and continental floodplain meadows of the Kursk agglomeration were studied. Experiments were carried out in laboratory conditions. The short‐term temporal dynamics were studied of vertical distribution and migration of the introduced HMs in model soil columns which imitated soil profiles. Results. Analysis of the kinetics of soil solutions and of lysimeter waters of control and polluted samples showed that the model profile of typical dark‐gray soil has the least capacity to capture lead ions from polluted soil solutions. Minimum sorption capacity with respect to zinc was found to be characteristic of sod‐podzol illuvialferruginous soil profiles. Maximum ability to deposit the HMs under analysis (Zn and Pb) was shown in leached chernozem medium loamy soils. Conclusion. The dynamics and kinetics of lead and zinc in soils of the Kursk agglomeration differ significantly and depend on a number of soil factors. In the soils studied, the spatial distribution and the intensity of migration of lead and zinc were determined by the capacity and contrast indices of the internal soil geochemical barriers. Inhibition of the processes of vertical migration of Pb and Zn in the model soil profiles was observed in those rich in humusified humus‐accumulative genetic horizons as well as in mineral horizons with highly contrasting acid‐base and redox conditions. Adsorption zones of lead and zinc are formed with a significant increase in granulometric texture and a decrease in pHKCl.
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Ghanem, S., and A. Ibrahim. "Characterization and Classification of Some Soils Formed on Ophiolitc Rocks in Al-Bassit Region /Northwestern Syria." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1252, no. 1 (December 1, 2023): 012061. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1252/1/012061.
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Abstract The aim of this study is to characterize and classify soils formed from ophiolitic rocks (mafic and ultramafic) by determining their morphological, physical and chemical properties, petrographic and elemental composition studies. The profiles were prepared under forest vegetation (pines) and described based on the referenced methods in Al-Bassit region (NW Syria) between the coordinates: N: 35° 41` - N: 35° 57`, E: 35° 42` - E: 36° 05`, which belongs to Mediterranean climate regime. Samples were collected from horizons of all profiles and some physical and chemical analyses were performed in addition to petrographic and Chemical composition studies. The horizons were of the form A (Mollic)-Cr-R in profile P1, and A (Mollic)-BW-C- in the profile P2, and of the form A ((Mollic)-C1-Cr2- in the profile P3. They were ordered as: A(Ochric)-C1-C2 in the profile P4. The fires that took place in the region affected the characteristics of surface horizons of some soils, such as the percentage of organic matter, structure, and the degree of soil interaction .The ultramafic derived soils in the P1 profile contained a high level of clay, while the percentage of sand increased in mafic derived soil P2, P4. The soil contained high levels of exchangeable Ca+2 and Mg+2, likely because they are in the structure of the rock. Carbonates are in low levels and are absent in some horizons, this is due to the composition of the parent material. The soil classification for studied profiles show that the profiles (P1, P2, P3) classified as Mollisols and the Profile P4 as Entisols.
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Ping, C. L. "Soil Temperature Profiles of Two Alaskan Soils." Soil Science Society of America Journal 51, no. 4 (July 1987): 1010–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1987.03615995005100040035x.
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Kuźniar, Agnieszka, Artur Banach, Zofia Stępniewska, Magdalena Frąc, Karolina Oszust, Agata Gryta, Marta Kłos, and Agnieszka Wolińska. "Community-level physiological profiles of microorganisms inhabiting soil contaminated with heavy metals." International Agrophysics 32, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/intag-2016-0096.
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AbstractThe aim of the study was to assess the differences in the bacterial community physiological profiles in soils contaminated with heavy metalsversussoils without metal contaminations. The study’s contaminated soil originated from the surrounding area of the Szopienice non-ferrous metal smelter (Silesia Region, Poland). The control was soil unexposed to heavy metals. Metal concentration was appraised by flame atomic absorption spectrometry, whereas the the community-level physiological profile was determined with the Biolog EcoPlatesTMsystem. The soil microbiological activity in both sites was also assessedviadehydrogenase activity. The mean concentrations of metals (Cd and Zn) in contaminated soil samples were in a range from 147.27 to 12265.42 mg kg−1, and the heavy metal contamination brought about a situation where dehydrogenase activity inhibition was observed mostly in the soil surface layers. Our results demonstrated that there is diversity in the physiological profiles of microorganisms inhabiting contaminated and colntrol soils; therefore, for assessment purposes, these were treated as two clusters. Cluster I included colntrol soil samples in which microbial communities utilised most of the available substrates. Cluster II incorporated contaminated soil samples in which a smaller number of the tested substrates was utilised by the contained microorganisms. The physiological profiles of micro-organisms inhabiting the contaminated and the colntrol soils are distinctly different.
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Różański, Szymon, Halina Dąbkowska-Naskręt, and Hanna Jaworska. "Profile distribution of mercury in selected urban soils / Profilowe rozmieszczenie rtęci w wybranych glebach miejskich." Ochrona Srodowiska i Zasobów Naturalnych 26, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/oszn-2015-0016.
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Abstract With the expansion of urbanization, the increase of pollutants in air, soil and water is observed. The major source of Hg in urban soils is fossil fuel combustion, and these soils become important indicators of contaminants in the soil environment.The aim of the research was to determine the distribution of mercury in urban soil profiles on the basis of their physicochemical properties and origin.Analysed soils come from the city centre of Bydgoszcz, from park and square areas intended for recreation. Research was conducted on four soil profiles: Mollic Regosol (Technic), Skeletic Regosol (Technic), Eutric Regosol (Loamic), Eutric Regosol (Endoclayic). Determined in most profiles artefacts were pieces of bricks, concrete, glass, garbage, slag, asphalt, tar, and charcoals in proportion up to 25% of the volume. In soil samples basic soil parameters and the total content of mercury were determined (using atomic absorption spectrometer AMA-254).Determined parameters and the total mercury content of analysed soils of Bydgoszcz city were typical for urban areas, and the soils were classified as noncontaminated of this metal (total Hg content 0.009-1.114 mg.kg-1, mean 0.218 mg.kg-1). In most analysed soils the source of Hg was atmospheric deposition and addition of human-made materials. It was confirmed by significant correlation coefficient -0.415 (p<0.05), calculated between Hg content and percent of course fragments (Ø>2mm), among which artefacts were very common. Profile distribution of mercury was mainly the result of antropopression but also the concentration of Hg in parent material. Spatial differentiation of Hg content between tested soil profiles was related with localisation (vicinity of heavy traffic roads).
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CALCIU, Irina, Alexandrina MANEA, Victoria MOCANU, Olga VIZITIU, and Sorina DUMITRU. "JOINING THE GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM OF SOIL RESOURCES (SIGSTAR-200) WITH SOIL PROFILES INFORMATION FROM THE NATIONAL NETWORK FOR SOIL QUALITY MONITORING 8 KM X 8 KM." AgroLife Scientific Journal 12, no. 1 (June 30, 2023): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17930/agl202314.
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The rational and efficient management of land resources, in the frame of a sustainable agriculture and environment protection, have to be based on the operational, and at the same time, more detailed and accurate knowledge of soil resources. This knowledge is based on soil information obtained by carrying out soil surveys and field research, and by laboratory measurements of main soil physical and chemical parameters. Thus, the basic soil information, consisting primarily of data on soil profiles representative of the study areas is obtained. The objective of this paper is to develop several applications for coupling georeferenced data from Geographic Information System of Soil Resources SIGSTAR-200 with the information of soil profiles from the Soil Quality Monitoring Network 8 km x 8 km. The spatial distribution of existing soil profiles, as well as the distribution of soil types have been studied, and their representativeness is determined. IT applications have been developed to highlight the number of profiles consistent with the polygons containing them, or with the neighbouring polygons. The soil areas that are described by a profile from the soil profiles database (having a profile which is located inside the polygon) are also established.
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Smirnova, M. A., A. N. Gennadiev, and Yu G. Chendev. "Short–Range Variation of Humus and Carbonate Profiles of Arable Chernozems (Key Site in Belgorod Region)." Почвоведение, no. 3 (March 1, 2023): 300–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0032180x22601086.
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The short-range variation of soil properties is a particular expression of the spatial soil variability; it is non-directional short-periodic (in the range of a few meters) changes in soil-profile features. The short-range variation of soil properties is aimed to characterize the continuum nature of soil cover instead of the discrete (as in the soil cover pattern theory), thus the soil cover is presented by a continuum field of various soil properties, and the boundaries of the selected soil properties ranges may or may not coincide with the soil taxonomic boundaries. The study is based on soil data of three parallel transects (length 240 m) in the watershed, perpendicularly crossing the 60-year-old shelterbelt in their central part. The sampling step was 10 m on agricultural fields, 6 – under the shelterbelt; In total, the features of the humus (the content of organic carbon in the 0–20 cm layer, the thickness of the humus horizon and profile) and carbonate (the effervescence depth, the carbonate content in the effervescence layer and the horizon of maximum accumulation of carbonates) profiles were studied at 75 points. It was revealed that the parameters of the humus and carbonate profiles of soils have periodic changes with a step of 6–10 meters. The parameters of the humus profile are characterized by lower coefficients of variation (less than 30%) than the parameters of the carbonate profile of soils (more than 50%). The growth of trees on agrochernozems (Haplic Chernozem (Aric)) for 60 years led to the formation of new taxonomic components (postagrogenic agrochernozems (Haplic Chernozem)), characterized by a smaller lateral variation in soil properties compared to arable soils. In total, 3 types of soils are found within the studied area: agrochernozem (64 points; Haplic Chernozem (Aric, Loamic, Pachic)), clay-illuvial agrochernozem (7 points; Luvic Chernozem (Aric, Loamic, Pachic) and Luvic Chernic Phaeozem (Aric, Loamic, Pachic, Loamic, Pachic)) and agrochernozems, clay-illuvial quasigley (4 points; Luvic Stagnic Chernic Phaeozem (Aric, Loamic, Pachic)), including 8 subtypes.
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Unno, Y., A. Takeda, Y. Takaku, and S. Hisamatsu. "RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOIL–SOIL-SOLUTION DISTRIBUTION COEFFICIENTS OF 125I AND 127I IN PASTURE SOIL." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 184, no. 3-4 (April 26, 2019): 380–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncz108.
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Abstract We measured the depth profiles of soil–soil-solution distribution coefficients (Kd) of native 127I (127I-Kd) and exogenous 125I– (125I-Kd) in soils from a pasture near the spent nuclear fuel reprocessing plant in Rokkasho, Japan, and investigated their relationships to depth profiles of the concentration in soil of 127I and organic C and Kd of organic C (C-Kd). The depth profiles of 125I-Kd and 127I-Kd were similar. The relatively low 127I concentrations and low values of both 127I-Kd and 125I-Kd indicate that some of the I deposited on the soil surface have been transported to depths greater than 10 cm. On the other hand, high 127I-Kd/125I-Kd ratios in the uppermost 10 cm of soil indicate that some of the 127I bound to that soil could not be exchanged with exogenous 125I. Although a previous study has shown a power function relationship between 125I-Kd and C-Kd, our data show that the relationships of both 125I-Kd and 127I-Kd to C-Kd are exponential functions. The reason for these conflicting results is unknown. Nonetheless, our data clearly show Kd values for both 125I– and 127I to be dependent on C-Kd. In addition, the dependence of both 127I-Kd and 125I-Kd on C-Kd suggests that organic material in the soil has a role in the transport of I down the soil profile.
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BARROS, Gerson Moreira, Jean Cheyson Barros dos SANTOS, Valdomiro Severino de SOUZA JÚNIOR, Elaine Almeida DELARMELINDA, José Coelho de ARAÚJO FILHO, and Elis Regina Guimarães CÂMARA. "Association between parent materials and soil attributes along different geological environments in western Pará, Brazil." Acta Amazonica 48, no. 3 (September 2018): 261–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-4392201703322.
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ABSTRACT The expansion of the agricultural frontier into different geological environments in the west of the state of Pará, northern Brazil, makes it necessary to know the influence of the parent material on local soil attributes. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of different parent materials on five soil profiles along a lithosequence exposed by the BR-163 highway, which runs from north to south through western Pará. The soils were classified, morphologically described and their main horizons sampled for physical, mineralogical and chemical analyses, including the determination of micronutrients, forms of phosphorus and secondary forms of iron. Multivariate analysis was used to group the different soil-parent material associations. The results demonstrated that the diversity of the parent material was a determinant of soil attributes, and was a conditioning factor for the formation of different clay minerals. Multivariate analysis grouped the soils along the lithosequence into a group formed by profiles derived from basic and intermediate igneous rocks, and a second group consisting of profiles derived from sediments and sedimentary rocks. The profile derived from acidic igneous rock showed greater similarity with the profiles derived from sedimentary materials in comparison to those derived from other igneous rocks.
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Demattê, José Alexandre Melo, Fabrício da Silva Terra, and Carlos Fernando Quartaroli. "Spectral behavior of some modal soil profiles from São Paulo State, Brazil." Bragantia 71, no. 3 (November 6, 2012): 413–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0006-87052012005000038.
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Remote sensing has a high potential for environmental evaluation. However, a necessity exists for a better understanding of the relations between the soil attributes and spectral data. The objective of this work was to analyze the spectral behavior of some soil profiles from the region of Piracicaba, São Paulo State, using a laboratory spectroradiometer (400 to 2500 nm). The relations between the reflected electromagnetic energy and the soil physical, chemical and mineralogical attributes were analyzed, verifying the spectral variations of soil samples in depth along the profiles with their classification and discrimination. Sandy soil reflected more, presenting a spectral curve with an ascendant form, opposite to clayey soils. The 1900 nm band discriminated soil with 2:1 mineralogy from the 1:1 and oxidic soils. It was possible to detect the presence of kaolinite, gibbsite, hematite and goethite in the soils through the descriptive aspects of curves, absorption features and reflectance intensity. A relation exists between the weathering stage and spectral data. The evaluation of the superficial and subsuperficial horizon samples allowed characterizing and discriminating the analytical variability of the profile, helping to soil distinguishing and classification.
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Gömöryová, Erika, Gabriela Barančíková, Erika Tobiašová, Ján Halás, Rastislav Skalský, Štefan Koco, and Dušan Gömöry. "Responses of soil microorganisms to land use in different soil types along the soil profiles." Soil and Water Research 15, No. 2 (March 11, 2020): 125–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/20/2019-swr.
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The objective of this study was to find out how land use affects the soil microbial attributes in different soil types and to which depth. The study was performed in Slovakia (Europe) in three areas differing in soil type (Chernozem, Stagnosol, Cambisol). Within each area, three localities with different land use (forest, grassland, cropland), representing a gradient with different intensity of management, were chosen. The soil samples were taken along a single soil profile up to a depth of 1 m with 10 cm increments at each locality. In the soil samples, the basic soil chemical properties and microbial attributes were determined. The effect of the land use on the microbial biomass and basal respiration was mainly observed in the Chernozem in the top 30 cm, while in the Stagnosol, no difference in the trend in the microbial biomass between the different ecosystems along the soil profile was found. The N-mineralisation reflected the different management practices especially in the Cambisol in the top 20 cm. The most distinct differences in the catalase activity between the soils differing in land use were found in the Cambisol along the whole profile. The richness and diversity of the functional groups did not differ significantly between the soils with the different land use and also no uniform responses of the functional groups composition to the land use were observed. The microbial biomass and activity were mainly affected by the amount of the soil organic matter; the intensity of the impact differed according to the soil type.
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., NATARAJAN, and SACHITHANANDHAM . "SOILS OF THE OIL SEED EXPERIMENTAL STATION, TINDIVANAM." Madras Agricultural Journal 72, september (1985): 505–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.a02398.
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An investigation to study the morphological characteristics of soils by examining the profiles and physical and chemical properties of soil by analysing the profile samples was undertaken in the Oilseed Experimental Station, Tindivanam. The soils were classi- fied taxonomically. This study will be useful to lay out the various research experi ments based on the soil characteristics.
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S, Paramananthan, Nurfashareena Muhamad, and Joy Jacqueline Pereira. "Soil Related Factors Controlling Erosion And Landslides In Malaysia." Bulletin Of The Geological Society Of Malaysia 72 (November 15, 2021): 165–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.7186/bgsm72202113.
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The high temperature and rainfall in Malaysia results in intensive tropical weathering and depending on the parent material, the resultant soil can have deep or shallow soil profiles. Thus, a variety of soils can form with different textures (clay content), structure and porosity. With the high rainfall, soils in steep terrain are subjected to surface erosion when exposed or landslides if the rainwater percolates into the soil profile. Key soil-related factors controlling soil erosion and landslides include local climate, parent material of soils and depth of the weathered profile. Slope and geomorphology, vegetation and land use as well as land management practices also influence erosion and landslides. Measures used to control soil erosion and stabilize slopes require improved understanding of soil weathering, erosion, landslide and their linkages in steep terrain.
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Hendershot, William H. "A Comparison of some Upland and Valley Soils in the Ungava-Labrador Peninsula." Géographie physique et Quaternaire 38, no. 3 (November 29, 2007): 243–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/032566ar.
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ABSTRACT Thirteen soil profiles from northern Québec and Labrador, Canada, near the northern tree-line, were sampled and analysed. Five of these, located on poorly to imperfectly drained sites, are strongly cryoturbated soils with permafrost at a shallow depth. Below the surface horizon they have very uniform profile distributions of pH, carbon and extractable iron and aluminum due to the active mixing of the horizons. The eight soils from well-drained sites have profiles similar to those of soils in similar settings in more temperate climatic regions. One of these, developed in one of the most northerly valleys having a black spruce-larch forest vegetation, has the characteristics of a podzol (spodosol) except that the podzolic B (spodic) horizon is too thin. The other seven profiles all have color B horizons, although the coarse texture prevents their classification as cambic horizons; these soils all have carbon-rich A horizons varying in thickness from 1.5 to 20 cm. Soil temperature at 50 cm depth closely follows the elevational and latitudinal distribution of the soils; a range of 0 to 10° C was observed. Soil development, measured as depth of solum, organic carbon accumulation or degree of B horizon development, is closely related to soil temperature and site position. The presence of permanently frozen ice layers at shallow depth has a marked influence on soil genesis and the properties of the resultant soils.
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Garcia, Cira Hortensia Pérez, Hedinaldo Narciso Lima, Francisco Weliton Rocha Silva, Afrânio Ferreira Neves Junior, Wenceslau Geraldes Teixeira, Rodrigo Santana Macedo, and Sérgio Guimarães Tavares. "Chemical properties and mineralogy of soils with plinthite and petroplinthite in Iranduba (AM), Brazil." Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 37, no. 4 (August 2013): 936–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-06832013000400011.
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Large areas of Plinthosols with ferruginous materials such as plinthite and/or petroplinthite are fairly common in the Brazilian Amazon basin. This work was carried out to investigate the chemical behavior, mineralogical composition and weathering stage of four representative soil profiles with plinthite and petroplinthite, in Iranduba, AM (Central Amazon). Three well-drained soil profiles at high elevations were studied (P1, Plinthic Vetic Ferralsol; P2 and P3, Vetic Endopetric Plinthosol) and a contrasting poorly drained soil (P4 Haplic Plinthosol), located at low elevation. After profile descriptions, soil samples were collected from each horizon, air-dried, sieved (2 mm), and analyzed for particle-size distribution, pH, exchangeable cations (Al3+, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, and Na+), as well as available P and total organic carbon (TOC) content. The minerals present in the clay and sand fractions, as well as in the ferruginous materials were identified by X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The weathering stage of these soils was assessed by means of Ki and Kr indexes, and the amounts of free and amorphous Fe and Al oxides by using dithionite citrate bicarbonate (DBC) and ammonium oxalate dissolution procedures, respectively. The results showed that all soils were extremely unfertile, with pH levels ranging between strong and moderate acidity, very low sum of bases and organic matter content, and of available P. The mineralogy of the soil profiles was very similar, mainly of the well-drained soils, with predominance of kaolinite and quartz in the clay and sand fractions, respectively. In the poorly-drained P4, 2:1 clay particles were also observed. These profiles can be considered highly developed according to the Ki index, however, the Ki value of P4 was higher, indicating that this soil was less developed than the others. In summary, these profiles with plinthite and petroplinthite can be characterized as highly developed and infertile soils and are, with exception of P4, well-drained.
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Galović, Lidija, Stjepan Husnjak, Ajka Šorša, and Jasmina Martinčević Lazar. "Evidence and mineralogical and physico-chemical properties of chernozem and chernozem-like soils in Croatia." Geologia Croatica 76, no. 3 (October 16, 2023): 113–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4154/gc.2023.08.
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The aim was to determine possible local differences between the parent materials of recent leoss-derived soils in eastern Croatia (Dalj, Zmajevac). Furthermore, it highlights the existence of chernozem and chernozem-like soils in Croatia and describes their basic physical, chemical and mineral properties. For this purpose, two soil profiles (P-3 and P-6) south of the Dalj settlement and one soil profile (P-10) near the Zmajevac settlement were excavated. The investigation included a detailed pedological analysis, a modal analysis of the heavy and light mineral fraction and a mineralogical analysis of bulk samples (the < 2 mm fraction) and the fraction < 2 μm. By comparing the obtained results with the criteria of the Croatian Soil Classification and the World Reference Base for Soil Resources, the soil profiles P-3 and P-6 can be defined as Chernozem on Loess or Hortic Calcic chernozem (Epiloamic, Endosiltic, Aric, Humic). The systematic unit for profile P-10 was defined as Rendzina according to the Croatian Soil Classification or Calcic Chernozem (Siltic) according to the WRB. Based on the results of the pedological analysis of the soil profile horizons, a gradual degradation of the chernozem was observed as a result of anthropogenic influence, but also due to recent climate change. The degradation is particularly evident in the form of a reduction in organic matter and the relocation of carbonates from the surface to deeper zones. Due to the increasing degree of weathering caused by recent climate changes, some differences in the mineralogical composition of the studied soils were also observed. The progressive degradation of the chernozem due to the effects of recent weathering processes is indicated mainly by the presence of goethite in the fraction < 2 μm as a weathering product of iron minerals (magnetite, pyroxenes…). Although the parent material of all three profiles is loess sediments, the reason why the soil material of profile P-10 has not developed a chernic horizon is the constant contribution of aeolian material and a short period of exposure to pedogenetic processes.
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Xu, ZH, M. Amato, JN Ladd, and DE Elliott. "Soil nitrogen availability in the cereal zone of South Australia .2. Buffer-extractable nitrogen, mineralisable nitrogen, and mineral nitrogen in soil profile under different land uses." Soil Research 34, no. 6 (1996): 949. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9960949.
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Mineral nitrogen (nitrate-N+ammonium-N) and its distribution in soil profiles to 60 cm depth at sowing in 3 growing seasons, 1990-1992, were assessed for 123 field experimental sites in South Australia. The sites were used to test N fertiliser responses with cereal crops following different land uses. More than 90% of the variation in mineral N at cereal sowing was attributable to nitrate-N in the 60-cm soil profiles. Coefficients of variation (CV) for nitrate-N ranged from 37 to 45%, less than half of the CV values (88-113%) for ammonium-N. More than 70% of mineral N in soil to 60 cm depth was accounted for by mineral N in the top 20 cm of soil, and 49% by mineral N in the top 10 cm of soil. The amounts of mineral N in the 60-cm soil profiles at sowing ranged from 24 to 180 kg N/ha (median 75) at sites following pastures, and from 22 to 113 kg N/ha (median 69) following grain legumes, significantly higher than 17 to 116 kg N/ha (median 47) following cereals. Only 26% of the variation in mineral N of soils (0-60 cm depth) could be predicted by soil total N, mineralisable N assessed by the aerobic incubation method, and previous land use. Ammonium-N extracted by phosphate-borate buffer from soils sampled at 0-10 and 10-20 cm depths was directly related to soil total N and N mineralised after soil incubation, but not to mineral N accumulating at sowing in the soil profiles to 60 cm depth. Utilisation of a soil containing 15N-labelled organic residues, and sampled to 100 cm depth at sowing in 5 successive growing seasons, revealed a positive relationship between the 15N atom% enrichments of soil profile mineral N, mineralisable N from soil incubations, and plant N. Enrichments of soil profile mineral N and plant N were almost identical. However, the enrichment of buffer-extractable ammonium-N was comparatively low and unresponsive to the time of soil sampling, and unrelated to the other soil and plant N pools. Thus, buffer-extractable N was unrepresentative of plant-available N.
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Johnsen, Anders R., Anne Winding, Ulrich Karlson, and Peter Roslev. "Linking of Microorganisms to Phenanthrene Metabolism in Soil by Analysis of 13C-Labeled Cell Lipids." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68, no. 12 (December 2002): 6106–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.68.12.6106-6113.2002.
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ABSTRACT Phenanthrene-metabolizing soil microbial communities were characterized by examining mineralization of [14C]phenanthrene, by most-probable-number (MPN) counting, by 16S-23S spacer DNA analysis of the numerically dominant, culturable phenanthrene-degrading isolates, and by examining incorporation of [13C]phenanthrene-derived carbon into sterols and polar lipid fatty acids (PLFAs). An unpolluted agricultural soil, a roadside soil diffusely polluted with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and two highly PAH-polluted soils from industrial sites were analyzed. Microbial phenanthrene degraders were not detected by MPN counting in the agricultural soil and the roadside soil. In the industrial soils, phenanthrene degraders constituted 0.04 and 3.6% of the total number of CFU. 16S-23S spacer DNA analysis followed by partial 16S DNA sequencing of representative isolates from one of the industrial soils showed that one-half of the isolates belonged to the genus Sphingomonas and the other half were closely related to an unclassified beta-proteobacterium. The 13C-PLFA profiles of the two industrial soils were relatively similar and resembled the profiles of phenanthrene-degrading Sphingomonas reference strains and unclassified beta-proteobacterium isolates but did not match the profiles of Pseudomonas, Mycobacterium, or Nocardia reference strains. The 13C-PLFA profiles of phenanthrene degraders in the agricultural soil and the roadside soil were different from each other and different from the profiles of the highly polluted industrial soils. Only in the roadside soil were 10me/12me18:0 PLFAs enriched in 13C, suggesting that actinomycetes metabolized phenanthrene in this soil. The 13C-PLFA profiles of the unpolluted agricultural soil did not resemble the profiles of any of the reference strains. In all of the soils investigated, no excess 13C was recovered in the 18:2ω6,9 PLFA, suggesting that fungi did not contribute significantly to assimilation of [13C]phenanthrene.
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MILLETTE, J. A., and R. S. BROUGHTON. "MONOLITH COLUMNS FOR STUDYING ORGANIC SOIL PROFILES." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 66, no. 4 (November 1, 1986): 737–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss86-073.
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Monolith column construction and sampling procedures were described for organic soil profiles and used to measure the variation with depth of saturated hydraulic conductivity, bulk density and fiber content. The top 0.30 m of the organic soil was more permeable, had a greater bulk density and had a greater fiber content than the soil layer between 0.60 and 0.90 m from the soil surface. These columns can be used for correlations studies between physical properties and studies of the dynamic nature of the physical properties of organic soils. Key words: Saturated hydraulic conductivity, bulk density, fiber content, organic soil, monolith columns
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Huang, Mingbin, S. Lee Barbour, Amin Elshorbagy, Julie D. Zettl, and Bing Cheng Si. "Infiltration and drainage processes in multi-layered coarse soils." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 91, no. 2 (May 2011): 169–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss09118.
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Huang, M., Barbour, S. L., Elshorbagy, A., Zettl, J. D. and Si, B. C. 2011. Infiltration and drainage processes in multi-layered coarse soils. Can. J. Soil Sci. 91: 169–183. Infiltration and drainage processes in multi-layered soils are complicated by contrasting hydraulic properties. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performances of the hysteretic and non-hysteretic models to simulate the infiltration and drainage processes from three different natural soil profiles containing as many as 20 texturally different layers. Hydraulic properties were estimated from soil textures using pedotransfer functions and were calibrated and validated using measured water contents during infiltration and drainage phases, respectively. The results supported the use of the Arya-Paris pedotransfer function to estimate the wetting curve when contact angles are incorporated. The unique Kozeny-Carmen equation parameter was evaluated by optimizing the estimated saturated hydraulic conductivity. The calibrated numerical model (Hydrus-1D) accurately simulated soil water content profiles and water volumes during the infiltration and drainage phases. The mean error of prediction (MEP) between the measured and estimated soil water contents varied from –0.030 to 0.010 cm3 cm−3, and the standard deviation of prediction (SDP) from 0.003 to 0.057 cm3 cm−3. The simulation was improved for more heterogeneous soil profiles when hysteresis was taken into account. The measured and simulated results indicated that the soil profile with vertical heterogeneity in soil texture can store more water than the similar textured vertically homogeneous soils under drained conditions.
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Tomer, M. D., and M. D. Tomer. "Comparing observed and simulated water storage during drainage to select hydraulic parameters for volcanic soils." Soil Research 37, no. 1 (1999): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/s98025.
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In soil-water modelling, hydraulic parameters must be chosen carefully to simulate water fluxes accurately. This study aimed to parameterise the Soil Water Infiiltration and Movement (SWIM) model for sandy volcanic soils that are irrigated with wastewater from Rotorua, New Zealand. Three plots 1·5 by 1·5 m were dyked, flooded until soils approached saturation, and then covered to prevent evaporation. Water-content measurements were taken to 1 m depth during 20 days of drainage. For each profile, this drainage process was simulated using 9 combinations of hydraulic conductivity [K(θ)] and soil water desorption θ(ψ) parameters. The θ(ψ) parameters were fitted with different ranges of desorption data, using Campbell’s approach. K(θ) parameters were obtained from flow measurements using soil cores or disc permeameters, through use of Campbell’s method, and by applying a unit-gradient analysis to the drainage data. Model output was compared with measured water contents graphically and statistically. Several combinations of parameters provided good agreement between simulated and observed data, but no single combination gave the best prediction for all 3 profiles. Campbell’s approach to determine the slope of K(θ) function provided excellent agreement for 2 of the profiles. In the third profile, a nearly steady water content during drainage at 1 m depth was closely simulated using parameters from the unit gradient approach. Total measured drainage ranged between 8·6 and 15·9 cm amongst the 3 profiles. Results provide 3 parameterised profiles for modelling water movement in these soils, which receive >4000 mm of rainfall and irrigation annually.
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Vann, J. D., and S. L. Houston. "Field Soil Suction Profiles for Expansive Soil." Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 147, no. 9 (September 2021): 04021080. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)gt.1943-5606.0002570.
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Müller, Claude Raoul, Johan Six, Liesa Brosens, Philipp Baumann, Jean Paolo Gomes Minella, Gerard Govers, and Marijn Van de Broek. "The limited effect of deforestation on stabilized subsoil organic carbon in a subtropical catchment." SOIL 10, no. 1 (June 4, 2024): 349–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/soil-10-349-2024.
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Abstract. Predicting the quantity of soil organic carbon (SOC) requires understanding how different factors control the amount of SOC. Land use has a major influence on the function of the soil as a carbon sink, as shown by substantial organic carbon (OC) losses from the soil upon deforestation. However, predicting the degree to which land use change affects the OC content in soils and the depth down to which this occurs requires context-specific information related to, for example, climate, geochemistry, and land use history. In this study, 266 samples from forests and agricultural fields were collected from 94 soil profiles down to 300 cm depth in a subtropical region (Arvorezinha, southern Brazil) to study the impact of land use on the amount of stabilized OC along the soil profile. We found that the stabilized OC content was not affected by land use below a depth of 90 cm. Along the soil profile, the amount of stabilized OC was predominantly controlled by land use and depth in addition to the silt and clay content and aluminium ion concentrations. Below 100 cm, none of the soil profiles reached a concentration of stabilized OC above 50 % of the stabilized OC saturation point (i.e. the maximum OC concentration that can physically be stabilized in these soils). Based on these results, we argue that it is unlikely that deeper soil layers can serve as an OC sink over a timescale relevant to global climate change due to the limited OC input in these deeper layers. Furthermore, we found that the soil weathering degree was not a relevant control on the amount of stabilized OC in our profiles because of the high weathering degree of the studied soils. It is therefore suggested that, while the soil weathering degree might be an effective controlling factor of OC stabilization over a large spatial scale, it is not an informative measure for this process at regional and local scales (with similar climate, bedrock, and weathering history) in highly weathered soils.
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Varlamov, E. B., M. P. Lebedeva, N. A. Churilin, R. E. Musaelyan, and A. V. Kolesnikov. "Features of the mineralogical composition of solod and solod meadow-chestnut soil, the case of soils of the liman depression at Dzhanybek research station of the Institute of Forest Science RAS." Dokuchaev Soil Bulletin, no. 117 (December 15, 2023): 140–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.19047/0136-1694-2023-117-140-176.
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The structure of the soil cover at the territory of the clayey semidesert of the Northern Caspian Sea is represented by triparted soil complex and peculiar soils like solod. Solods are formed in relief elements that are constant for this territory – mesodepressions, which are referred to limans. Two soil profiles were studied in the bottom of the liman – solod, and on its peripheral part – solodized meadow-chestnut soil. The formation of the solod profile occurs because of periodic moistening with fresh water and systematic flooding during the snowmelt period. The second soil is in the zone of transit of surface water to the liman. The soil profiles have the same type of eluvialilluvial distribution of the clay fraction, while differentiation is more distinct in solod. Mineralogical analysis established the same type of qualitative composition of clay and clastogenic minerals in both soils. Clay minerals are represented by illite, smectite, mixed-layer illite-smectite, accompanied by kaolinite and chlorite. Clastogenic minerals are represented by quartz, mica, K-feldspar, plagioclase, and chlorite. Quartz and feldspars are accumulated in the solodized horizons of the soil profiles; the content of quartz and feldspars decreases in the textural horizons, while the content of mica and chlorite increases. The distribution of the smectite phase in the solod profile reveals a difference in the ratio of illite-smectite packets, structures with a low content of smectite packets predominate in the solod part of the profile, and the proportion with a swelling packet in mixed-layer minerals increases in textural horizons. The solodized meadow-chestnut soil is distinguished by a smaller thickness of the solodized horizon, a higher content of the smectite component, and a calm character of the profile differentiation of clay and clastogenic minerals. In both soils, labile minerals with signs of superdispersion are recorded in the solodized and textural horizons. The superdispersion of labile minerals has different causes. In solod, it is associated with the action of low-mineralized water and the hydrolysis of soil minerals during the wet seasons of the year, as well as with the intense regime of intrasoil weathering in situ, and in the solodized meadow-chestnut soil, with the passage of the stage of solonetz soils. Differences in the smectite component were also revealed: in the solodized horizons of solod, it is represented by individual smectite and the mixed-layer phase of illitesmectite; and in the meadow-chestnut soil – by mixed-layer illite-smectite.
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Demir, Sinan, Pelin Alaboz, Orhan Dengiz, Hüseyin Şenol, Kamil Yilmaz, and Oğuz Başkan. "Physico-chemical and mineralogical changes of lithic xerorthent soils on volcanic rocks under semi-arid ecological conditions." Earth Sciences Research Journal 26, no. 4 (February 28, 2023): 291–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v26n4.96571.
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This study investigates the mineralogical changes and soil development processes of young soils formed on various bedrocks of volcanic origin under the same land use/land cover and climate conditions. The current study was conducted in Lithic Xerorthent soils formed on tuff, trachybasalt, and trachyandesite bedrock between Sandıklı-Şuhut districts of Afyonkarahisar. The three soil profiles excavated in the study area were classified in Entisols order based on Soil taxonomy. The primary minerals, sanidine and muscovite, and the clay minerals, smectite, kaolinite, and illite, were widely determined in three soil profiles which were named Profile I (PI), Profile II (PII), and Profile III (PIII). According to the chemical alteration index (CIA) values, which indicate weathering, the soils formed on the tuff bedrock were slightly weathered (77.04%). The chemical weathering index (CIW) in the soils' surface horizons formed on the trachybasalt and trachyandesite bedrock are classified as non-weathering rocks with 24.43% and 33.88%. Basic cations are found at high levels in the tuff bedrock. The determination of phillipsite, gismondin and calcite minerals is an indication that the mineral content of the bedrock and the bedrocks have a significant effect on soil formation. The relationship between the bedrock and the soil has been revealed. As a result of the study, it was concluded that there were significant differences in their physico-chemical characteristics, weathering rates, and mineralogical properties. However, they were characterized as young soils since they do not contain any subsurface diagnostic horizons on the volcanic bedrock under the same climatic and land use/land cover conditions.
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Perez-Rodriguez, JL, C. Maqueda, P. Rodriguezrubio, and MCJ Deharo. "Occurrence of talc in soils with high iron content from the south-west of Spain." Soil Research 34, no. 5 (1996): 635. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9960635.
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The mineralogy of the clay fractions of 2 soil profiles classified as an Alfic Dystric Eutrochrept (Soil I) and a Xerochreptic Haploxeralf (Soil II) has been determined. A notable feature of these soils is the presence of talc and the high iron content as goethite, hematite, lepidocrocite, and maghemite. Talc was the most abundant non-iron mineral of the clay fraction of Soil II. In Soil I, talc occurs as a residual phase from the parent material with its persistence in the profile aided by coatings of iron oxides, which inhibit further weathering. In these soils there is a high proportion of goethite accompanied by hematite. In Soil I the proportion of iron oxides changes within the profile. Another notable feature of this profile is the presence of maghemite in the upper horizons where this is the predominant iron oxide mineral.
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Desyatkin, R. V., S. N. Lessovaia, M. V. Okoneshnikova, and A. Z. Ivanova. "Cryosols from Tundra and Taiga Zones of Yakutia: Properties, Clay Mineralogy, and Problems of Classification." Eurasian Soil Science 54, no. 12 (December 2021): 1783–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1064229321120048.
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Abstract— Data on major properties and clay mineralogy in the profiles of slightly differentiated Cryosols forming in cold ultracontinental climate of Yakutia are discussed. The particular objects are represented by the cryozems of tundra, forest-tundra, and northern taiga of the Anabar and Alazeya plateaus and by the palevaya (pale) soil of middle taiga in Central Yakutia. The differentiation of clay minerals in the vertical soil profiles is poorly pronounced because of the strong homogenizing impact of cryoturbation processes. The profile of pale soil displays minor differences in clay mineralogy despite the strong difference in acid–base conditions of the upper and lower horizons. However, the obtained data suggest that mineral weathering in pale soils of Central Yakutia is more advanced than it was concluded in the 1970s on the basis of data on the absence of pronounced trends in the vertical distribution of clay minerals in their profiles. This is in good agreement with the presence of a sufficiently thick upper humus horizon in these soils, which is typical of the soils of more humid regions. It is suggested that pale soils of Central Yakutia should be classified as soddy pale soils.
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Marques, Karina PP, Rodnei Rizzo, André Carnieletto Dotto, Arnaldo Barros e. Souza, Fellipe AO Mello, Luiz GM Neto, Lúcia Helena C. dos Anjos, and José AM Demattê. "How qualitative spectral information can improve soil profile classification?" Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy 27, no. 2 (January 3, 2019): 156–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0967033518821965.
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Soil classification is important to organize the knowledge of soil characteristics. Spectroscopy has increased in the last years as a technique for descriptive and quantitative evaluation of soils. Thus, our objective was to assess qualitative and quantitative methods on soil classification, based on model profiles. Soils in different environments in the Roraima state, Brazil, were evaluated and represented by 16 profiles, providing 109 soil samples, which were analyzed for particle size distribution, chemical attributes and spectral measurement. Visible-near infrared spectra (350–2500 nm) of soil samples were interpreted in terms of intensity, shape and features. The soil color obtained using a spectroradiometer and a colorimeter, and by a soil expert was compared. Descriptive and qualitative analyses were performed for all spectra of the soil profile samples. The descriptive evaluations of the spectral curves from all horizons of the same profile were used to identify the diagnostic attributes and assign a profile to a taxonomic class. This was possible because spectra of samples had specific shapes, features and intensities that combined to present a specific signature. The Outil Statistique d’Aide à la Cartogénèse Automatique and cluster quantitative analyses could not correctly group similar soil classes and they still need to be improved in order to extract all the variability of the spectral data to discriminate soil classes. Soil color quantification by the Munsell system using both equipments showed greater R2 and lower error than that achieved by a soil expert, due to influences of subjectivity inherent in human assessments. Based on this specific case, it was clear that the automatic system may be more consistent than the pedologist’s visual method. Future studies should focus on the development of an online tool that integrates a descriptive approach and spectral information of a given soil profile to determine its probable taxonomic class.
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Dugalić, Goran, Marijana Dugalić, Ljiljana Bošković-Rakočević, and Vera Rajičić. "The values of different types of acidity of pseudogley soils in the Kraljevo basin under forest, meadow and arable land uses." Zemljiste i biljka 71, no. 2 (2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zembilj2202076d.
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This paper presents the results of active (pH in H2O), exchangeable (pH in KCl), hydrolytic (Y1) and total acidity (T-S) in humus-accumulative (Ah, Ahp) and subsurface (Eg, Btg) horizons of Pseudogley Soils in Kraljevo Basin for 14 soil profiles excavated in forests, 16 in meadows and 24 on arable land. The results showed that acidification was weaker or more pronounced in all three most important tested horizons of Pseudogley Soils, and that the differences in the value of different forms of acidity existed among forest, meadow and arable land uses, as well as between the horizons of the same profile. The chemical reaction of soil solution ranged from very weak to extremely acid. The highest active acidity was found in forest profiles, especially in deeper horizons. Exchangeable acidity ranged from 3.7 to 4.9 pH units, with the forest profiles as the most acid, while the differences between meadow and arable land were less pronounced. The highest hydrolytic acidity was obtained in the forest profiles, while acidity in meadow and arable profiles was significantly lower and the lowest, respectively. Total acidity of the Kraljevo pseudogleys ranged from 6.2 to 24.8 meq/100 g soil and similarly to hydrolytic acidity, the value of total acidity was affected by the land use.
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Tyapin, Alexander, and Nikita Antonov. "Site Response Analysis for “Side” Soil Profiles." Earthquake Engineering. Construction Safety, no. 1 (February 25, 2020): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.37153/2618-9283-2020-1-11-17.
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The authors suggest a new procedure of Site Response Analysis (SRA) for the so-called “side” (or additional) soil profiles – Low Boundary (LB) and Upper Boundary (UB). Standards require the analyses of these profiles in addition to the Best Estimate profile (BE) to account for the uncertainty in the input data about soil properties. The authors suggest stopping using the same input time history for all three profiles as a control motion at the surface, because it corresponds to the different physical seismic excitations coming form the depth. This is not in linewith the ideology of Standards. Instead the authors suggest using the same time history as a control motion at the outcropped surface of the underlying half-space. This is also not completely correct, because for these three profiles (BE, UB and LB) the underlying half-spaces are also different. However, due to the physical considerations if all half-spaces are stiff enough, the error should not be so important. The effect of the proposed change is demonstrated on a particular site. The changes in the velocity and damping profiles have proved to be negligible, but the difference in the resulting response spectra at the outcropped surface of the foundation mat has proved to be significant. Generally, the response spectra for the “side” profiles came closer to spectrum for the BE profile. This result reflects the real world logic.
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Smith, Roger E., and Bernd Diekkrüger. "Effective Soil Water Characteristics and Ensemble Soil Water Profiles in Heterogeneous Soils." Water Resources Research 32, no. 7 (July 1996): 1993–2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/96wr01048.
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Keith, Aidan M., Peter A. Henrys, Rebecca L. Rowe, and Niall P. McNamara. "Technical note: A bootstrapped LOESS regression approach for comparing soil depth profiles." Biogeosciences 13, no. 13 (July 6, 2016): 3863–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-3863-2016.
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Abstract. Understanding the consequences of different land uses for the soil system is important to make better informed decisions based on sustainability. The ability to assess change in soil properties, throughout the soil profile, is a critical step in this process. We present an approach to examine differences in soil depth profiles between land uses using bootstrapped LOESS regressions (BLRs). This non-parametric approach is data-driven, unconstrained by distributional model parameters and provides the ability to determine significant effects of land use at specific locations down a soil profile. We demonstrate an example of the BLR approach using data from a study examining the impacts of bioenergy land use change on soil organic carbon (SOC). While this straightforward non-parametric approach may be most useful in comparing SOC profiles between land uses, it can be applied to any soil property which has been measured at satisfactory resolution down the soil profile. It is hoped that further studies of land use and land management, based on new or existing data, can make use of this approach to examine differences in soil profiles.