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1

Burgos, Hernández Tania D. "Investigating Soil Quality and Carbon Balance for Ohio State University Soils." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1577141132704637.

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2

Yapa, P. I. "Soil structural quality and soil organic matter : can the level of soil organic matter be taken as an indicator in assessing soil structural quality?" Thesis, University of Reading, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.271592.

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3

Bobart, Hawkins Jane Madge. "Amino acids as diagnostics of soil and soil water quality." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2425.

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Information on the contribution of amino acids to dissolved organic nitrogen and carbon exported from grassland soil is scarce. Evidence from the literature for other environments, suggests that determination of amino acid patterns of distribution may be a useful method for improved understanding of the interaction of microbial synthesis and degradation of organic N in conjunction with soil physical states. A sample pre-concentration technique and an HPLC methodology were developed that enabled the determination of dissolved free (DFAA) and combined (DCAA) amino acids in natural waters at pico
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4

Melkamu, Teshome. "Intercropping in corn : soil physical quality and soil inorganic nitrogen levels." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1996. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ44098.pdf.

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5

White, Paul Mark Jr. "Enhancing soil carbon sequestration with plant residue quality and soil management." Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/222.

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6

Mulumba, Lukman Nagaya. "Land use effects on soil quality and productivity in the Lake Victoria Basin of Uganda." Connect to this title online, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1095711869.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004.<br>Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xv, 166 p.; also includes graphics (some col.). Includes bibliographical references (p. 134-153).
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7

Simfukwe, Paul. "Role of conventional soil classification in the prediction of soil quality indicators." Thesis, Bangor University, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.529749.

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8

Makris, Konstantinos Christos. "Soil and colloidal phosphorous dynamics in three KY soils bioavailability, transport and water quality implications /." Lexington, Ky. : [University of Kentucky Libraries], 2002. http://lib.uky.edu/ETD/ukypssc2003t00069/KCMakris%5FMS%5FThesis.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Kentucky, 2002.<br>Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xiii, 163 p. :ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 152-162).
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9

Sutanto, Yovita. "Manure from grazing cattle effects on soil microbial communities and soil quality in northern West Virginia pastures /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2005. https://etd.wvu.edu/etd/controller.jsp?moduleName=documentdata&jsp%5FetdId=3933.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2005.<br>Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 72 p. : ill. (some col.), map. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.
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10

Mallory, Ellen B. "Crop/Livestock Integration Effects on Soil Quality, Crop Production, and Soil Nitrogen Dynamics." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2007. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/MalloryEB2007.pdf.

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11

Garcia, Teijeiro Rosalia. "Effect of slow release nitrogen fertilizer application on soil quality-soil microbial population /." Available to subscribers only, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1324374171&sid=9&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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12

Reeve, Jennifer Rose. "Soil quality, microbial community structure, and organic nitrogen uptake in organic and conventional farming systems." Online access for everyone, 2007. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Summer2007/j_reeve_071207.pdf.

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13

Benson, Kaitlyn Suzanne. "Assessment of Soil Quality Parameters of Long-Term Biosolids Amended Urban Soils and Dredge Blends." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1492601621133386.

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14

Beniston, Joshua W. "Assessing and managing soil quality for urban agriculture." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1385415662.

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15

Malheiro, Catarina Correia de Lemos. "Biochar effects on the soil quality and remediation." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/17692.

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Mestrado em Toxicologia e Ecotoxicologia<br>A contaminação dos solos é um problema mundial que necessita de uma resolução. Várias técnicas foram e têm vindo a ser desenvolvidas para verificar a sua eficácia em remover contaminantes orgânicos e inorgânicos dos solos. O biochar é um material carbonáceo que, além de ser um produto de reestruturação de solos, pode imobilizar compostos químicos devido à sua grande área de superfície específica reativa, tornando-os não disponíveis para o biota do solo. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi testar a capacidade do biochar em imobilizar dimetoato em solos
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16

Cordero-Irizarry, Patricia Marie. "Soil Carbon as A Soil Quality Indicator of A Fruit Orchard In Puerto Rico." The Ohio State University, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1618594104520193.

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17

Simó, Josa Iolanda. "The european framework for soil sustainability: mapping soil quality in model areas in Catalonia." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/385616.

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Soil degradation is defined as a decrease in soil quality, which is caused by non sustainable soil management. When the soil is losing its functionality is directly related with decreasing soil quality. This PhD proposes a scheme of intrinsic soil indicators for determining soil quality. This scheme includes three different sets of soil quality indicators derived from basic soil use criteria. Such criteria is based upon indicator availability, suitability and usefulness. These indicators are grouped according to three different soil threats; declining organic matter, desertification and
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18

Tao, Hsiao-Hang. "Crop residue management in oil palm plantations : soil quality, soil biota and ecosystem functions." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ebcc3bd9-45c0-4d22-9fef-71dff4abecd3.

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The application of crop residues is one of the most common agricultural practices used to maintain soil ecosystems and crop productivity. This thesis focuses on the oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) agroecosystem, an important tropical crop that has expanded rapidly over the past four decades. Both land conversion and business-as-usual practices within the plantations have contributed to soil degradation. The application of oil palm residues, such as empty fruit bunches (EFB) and oil palm fronds, are thought to have positive effects on the soil ecosystem; yet there is currently a deficit of knowled
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Sun, Xiaolin. "Digital soil mapping and its application for assessing the effects of urbanization on soil properties and agricultural soil quality in Hong Kong." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2011. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1268.

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20

Nelson, Paul Netelenbos. "Organic matter in sodic soils : its nature, decomposition and influence on clay dispersion." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phn4281.pdf.

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Bibliography: leaves 147-170. Aims to determine the influence of sodicity on the nature and decomposition of organic matter; and the influence of organic matter and its components on the structural stability of sodic soils.
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21

Burns, Nancy Rosalind. "Soil organic matter stability and the temperature sensitivity of soil respiration." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/9922.

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Soil respiration is an important source of atmospheric CO2, with the potential for large positive feedbacks with global warming. The size of these feedbacks will depend on the relative sensitivity to temperature of very large global pools of highly stable soil organic matter (SOM), with residence times of centuries or longer. Conflicting evidence exists as to the relationships between temperature sensitivity of respiration and stability of SOM, as well as the temperature sensitivity of individual stabilisation mechanisms. This PhD considers the relationship between different stabilisation mech
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22

Moloto, K. P. "The potential of sustainable agricultural practices to enhance soil carbon sequestration and improve soil quality." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4257.

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Thesis (MPhil (Sustainable Development, Planning and Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Sustainable agricultural management practices have a profound impact on soil carbon sequestration. The amount of carbon that can be stored in a given soil is influenced by climate, soil type, and the quality and quantity of organic inputs. Together, the interactive effect of these factors determines the Soil Organic Content (SOC). Sustainable agricultural management practices influencing Soil Organic Matter (SOM) include application of organic amendments, conservation till
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23

Mazzon, Martina <1990&gt. "Soil enzyme activities and biochemical indexes to assess soil quality in agronomic and forested ecosystems." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/9233/1/Tesi%20dottorato%20Martina%20Mazzon.pdf.

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The soil carries out a wide range of functions and it is important study the effects of land use on soil quality in order to provide most sustainable practices. Three fields trial have been considered to assess soil quality and functionality after human alteration, and to determine the power of soil enzymatic activities, biochemical indexes and mathematical model in the evaluation of soil status. The first field was characterized by conventional and organic management in which were tested also tillage effects. The second was characterized by conventional, organic and agro-ecological managemen
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24

Kunta, Karika. "Effects of geographic information : quality on soil erosion prediction /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2009. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=18136.

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25

Ipek, Hatice Meltem. "Development Of Risk Based Soil Quality Standards For Turkey." Phd thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613122/index.pdf.

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Soil quality standards (SQSs) are one of the most important elements of management system for contaminated sites. In order to manage risks associated with soil contamination, risk based SQSs are used worldwide. However, in Turkey, the Soil Pollution Control Regulation in force was focusing mainly on the use of stabilized sludge on soil and was including standards for a limited number of parameters, mainly metals and some organic chemicals. Thus, existing SQSs were far away from providing common criteria for assessment of the soil quality. In this study, the aim was to develop human health ri
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Gana, Bertha Kweley. "Effects of agriculture on soil quality in northeastern Ghana." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0035/NQ63870.pdf.

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27

Anar, Mohammad Jahidul. "Sugarbeet Model Development for Soil and Water Quality Assessment." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/27896.

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Sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris) is considered as one of the most viable alternatives to corn for biofuel production as it may be qualified as ?advanced? biofuel feedstocks under the ?EISA 2007?. Production of deep rooted sugarbeet may play a significant role in enhancing utilization of deeper layer soil water and nutrients, and thus may significantly affect soil health and water quality through recycling of water and nutrients. A model can be useful in predicting the sugarbeet growth, and its effect on soil and water quality. A sugarbeet model was developed by adopting and modifying the Crop Environ
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28

Abel, David Scott. "Cover crop effects on soil moisture and water quality." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/34650.

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Master of Science<br>Department of Agronomy<br>Nathan O. Nelson<br>Eutrophication of freshwater lakes and streams is linked to phosphorus (P) fertilizer loss from agriculture. Cover crops could help mitigate P loss but producers are concerned that they may use too much water. This study was conducted to better understand the effects cover crops have on soil moisture and P loss. Volumetric water content (θ) was measured at the Kansas Cover Crop Water Use research area at 10 depths throughout a 2.74 m soil profile in 5 cover crop treatments and compared to θ measured from a chemical fallow contr
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29

Makris, Konstantinos Christos. "SOIL AND COLLOIDAL PHOSPHORUS DYNAMICS IN THREE KY SOILS: BIOAVAILABILITY, TRANSPORT AND WATER QUALITY IMPLICATIONS." UKnowledge, 2003. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/408.

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Particulate P constitutes a significant portion of the total P found in surface runoff water. Water dispersed P-containing particles can travel long distances via surface runoff and reach water bodies causing decrease in water quality. The main objective of the study was to evaluate the potential facilitation of P transport by the water dispersed soil colloids (WDC) using three KY soils with a long-term record of poultry manure, and fertilizer P applications. Sequential fractionation for both whole soils and colloidal samples revealed that the WDC had a greater total and labile P content than
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30

Kurth, Emma Morgan Kurth. "Three field studies to examine cropping management effects on: runoff quantity and quality; soil water content and temperature; and selected soil quality indicators." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1511961519903924.

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31

Thomsen, Esther Oline. "Simple Soil Quality Tests and Organic Management Practices for Orchards in the Intermountain West." DigitalCommons@USU, 2016. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/5050.

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Soil quality problems such as erosion, depleted soil organic matter, salinity, depleted or excessive nutrient reserves and reduced water holding capacity are of increasing concern to farmers in the Intermountain West. Marginal soils require higher rates of fertilizers and other amendments to meet crop needs. As input costs rise and water resources are increasingly limited, simple and effective methods for evaluating and improving soil quality and fertility are of growing importance. Practices known to improve soil quality include reduced to no tillage, cover crop use- especially legumes, and a
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32

Bendfeldt, Eric S. "Dynamics and Characterization of Soil Organic Matter on Mine Soils 16 Years after Amendment with Topsoil, Sawdust, and Sewage Sludge." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35805.

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The present state and future prospect of the world's soil resources has prompted scientists and researchers to address the issue of soil quality and sustainable land management. Soil quality research has focused on intensively-managed agricultural and forest soils, but the concept and importance of soil quality is also pertinent to disturbed systems such as reclaimed mine soils. The restoration of soil function and mine soil quality is essential to long-term ecosystem stability. The objectives of this study were (i) to determine the comparative ability of topsoil, sawdust, and sewage sludge am
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DeBruyne, Scott Alexander. "Effects of Black Walnut and Honey Locust on Forage Growth, Soil Water, and Soil Quality Indicators." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40968.

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The goal of this research was to determine the interactions between forage and tree components of a silvopasture system. Two studies were performed on adjacent sites established in 1995 at Virginia Techâ s Kentland Research Farm. The objectives of the studies were to: 1. Determine the influence of honey locust and black walnut silvopastures on indicators of soil quality when compared to open pasture. 2. Determine if silvopasture systems changed forage mass production and soil water compared to open pastures. The study on soil quality indicators was performed in a previously grazed silvo
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Fisha, Phuti Cedric. "Characterisation of selected soil properties using remote sensing techniques." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2861.

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Thesis (M. Sc. (Soil Science)) --University of Limpopo, 2019<br>Many conventional laboratory methods are used to characterise spatial and temporal variation of soil properties in order to understand soil quality for different purposes. Currently there is a high demand for accurate soil information by land users. Therefore there is a need to develop a rapid, inexpensive, non-destructive and accurate technique that could compensate or replace conventional laboratory methodologies. Remote sensing has the potential to serve as an alternative approach to characterise soil properties due to its adva
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35

Gonthier, David Jonathan. "Influence of Soil-Quality on Coffee-Plant Quality and a Complex Tropical Insect Food Web." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1271380868.

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36

Speirs, Simon Douglas. "Characterising soil structural stability and form of sodic soil used for cotton production." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/5817.

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In eastern Australia, Vertosols are widely utilised for the production of irrigated cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) due to their inherent fertility and large water–holding capacity. However, irrigated agriculture in eastern Australia is faced with a decline in the availability of good quality irrigation water sources i.e. waters with low electrolyte concentrations and small Na+ contributions. Consequently, alternative water resources that contain larger contributions of Na+ are becoming increasingly relevant as potential irrigation sources. It is known that the application of Na+ rich waters as ir
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Speirs, Simon Douglas. "Characterising soil structural stability and form of sodic soil used for cotton production." Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/5817.

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Doctor of Philosophy(PhD)<br>In eastern Australia, Vertosols are widely utilised for the production of irrigated cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) due to their inherent fertility and large water–holding capacity. However, irrigated agriculture in eastern Australia is faced with a decline in the availability of good quality irrigation water sources i.e. waters with low electrolyte concentrations and small Na+ contributions. Consequently, alternative water resources that contain larger contributions of Na+ are becoming increasingly relevant as potential irrigation sources. It is known that the applica
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38

Mathys, Ilse Lois. "Soil health and quality concept in agricultural extension and soil science : an assessment of topsoil conditions in a long term vineyard soil management trail in Robertson, South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6544.

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Thesis (MScAgric (Soil Science))--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.<br>Includes bibliography.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The natural resource condition or health has been accepted as a valuable indicator of sustainable land use. The assessment of soil health (quality) has become a valuable tool in determining the sustainability of land management systems. This work aims to evaluate the sustainability of soil management practices in agricultural extension for vineyards in Robertson, South Africa based, on the current approach of the concept of soil health and soil quality, as well as t
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Ferguson, Scott. "The effects of upland soil liming on drainage water quality." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386744.

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Ihde, Nicholas Adam. "Implications of residue removal on soil quality in southwest Kansas." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/8755.

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Master of Science<br>Department of Agronomy<br>DeAnn R. Presley<br>Through the 2007 Energy Independence and Security Act, the U.S. government has set goals to decrease fossil fuel use and sustainably produce ethanol from biomass, rather than existing corn grain-based ethanol. In southwest Kansas, crop residues are necessary to protect soil from erosion and to contribute to soil organic carbon (SOC) levels, a key factor in most desirable characteristics of soil quality, and are positively related to soil and crop productivity. Our objective was to quantify the effect of different residue manage
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41

Peruzzi, Elisabetta <1983&gt. "Valuation of Biochemical and Microbiological Indicators in Soil Quality Assessment." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/8074/1/Thesis_Peruzzi_FINAL.pdf.

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This thesis research aimed at valuating the suitability of biochemical and microbiological indicators in soil quality and soil health assessment, applying an interdisciplinary approach by means of different methodologies. As the concept of soil quality encompasses both functionality and biological diversity, two cases of study are proposed and each of them aimed at the description of this two aspects. The first case study examined the degree of interference of high soil copper contamination when an old vineyard is converted into a protected area, by investigating the resilience of a polluted s
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Ekanayake, Jagath C. "Soil water movement through swelling soils." Lincoln University, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1761.

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The present work is a contribution to description and understanding of the distribution and movement of water in swelling soils. In order to investigate the moisture distribution in swelling soils a detailed knowledge of volume change properties, flow characteristics and total potential of water in the soil is essential. Therefore, a possible volume change mechanism is first described by dividing the swelling soils into four categories and volume change of a swelling soil is measured under different overburden pressures. The measured and calculated (from volume change data) overburden potentia
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43

Arvidsson, Emeli. "Invasive Earthworms and their effect on Soil Organic Matter : Impact on Soil Carbon ‘Quality’ in Fennoscandian Tundra." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-184402.

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Arctic soils contain a large fraction of our planets terrestrial carbon (C) pool. When tundra soils become warmer and permafrost thaws, non-native geoengineering earthworms can enter these soils and ingest organic matter accumulated over long timescales. Previous studies have found that earthworms increase mineralization rates of soil organic matter into carbon dioxide (CO2) when introduced. Yet, this initial mineralization boost seems transient with time and it has been hypothesized that earthworms stimulate the formation of persistent C forms. In this study, I investigated how non-native, ge
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Berry, Heather Fiona. "A study of the microbial and mycorrhizal effects on Japanese Larch growth in soil on opencast coal workings in South Wales." Thesis, University of East London, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.238919.

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45

Maral, Nuh. "Soil And Water Analysis Techniques For Agricultural Production." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12611829/index.pdf.

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ABSTRACT SOIL AND WATER ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES FOR AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION Maral, Nuh M. Sc., Department of Chemistry Supervisor: Prof. Dr. G. inci G&ouml<br>kmen May 2010, 108 pages In Turkey, usage of increasing amounts of fertilizers and pesticides by some unconscious farmers cause soil pollution and soil infertility for the crop production. Usage of water in excessive amounts and/or in poor quality for irrigation creates problems during the plant production. So in this study, soil and water samples were analyzed by using simple and reliable techniques for the soil and water quality
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Saidin, Fadzilah. "Behavior of geosynthetic reinforced soil walls with poor quality backfills on yielding foundations /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10124.

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47

Sequeira, Cleiton Henrique. "Soil Organic Matter Dynamics in Cropping Systems of Virginia's Valley Region." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37381.

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Soil organic matter (SOM) is a well known indicator of soil quality due to its direct influence on soil properties such as structure, soil stability, water availability, cation exchange capacity, nutrient cycling, and pH buffering and amelioration. Study sites were selected in the Valley region of Virginia with the study objectives to: i) compare the efficiency of density solutions used in recovering free-light fraction (FLF) organic matter; ii) compare different soil organic fractions as sensitive indices of short-term changes in SOM due to management practices; iii) investigate on-farm effec
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48

Cundiff, Gary Thomas. "Using Arbuscular Mycorrhizae to Influence Yield, Available Soil Nutrients and Soil Quality in Conventional VS. Organic Vegetable Production." TopSCHOLAR®, 2012. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1155.

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This research is a two year study on the effects of endomycorrhizae on vegetable production using conventional vs. organic practices. Objective of this study was initiated to determine if mycorrhizae improve yield, available soil nutrients and soil quality from two different fertilizer sources. Measurements were taken on yield, available soil nutrients, and soil quality in comparison of glomalin production and soil loss percentage. Two plant species were chosen, Tomatoes (‘Big Beef’) and Bush Beans (‘Tenderette’). A randomized split block 2 x 3 factorial treatment arrangement was used with two
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Katseanes, Chelsea Kae. "Soil Fertility Status and Degradation of 2, 4, 6-Trinitrotoluene Contaminated Soils." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2014. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5517.

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Current models for predicting the environmental fate of munitions constituents (MC) in soils are based mostly on chemical distribution parameters and neglect the larger considerations of other soil parameters. We are working towards a new approach based on the whole soil activity for predicting the long-term residence time and fate of MC in soils with connection to agronomic soil fertility concepts. These relationships are demonstrated by correlating experiments involving full physical and chemical characterization of eight taxonomically distinct soils, with batch reactor studies determining M
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Olewski, Jakub Szymon. "Effects of soil pH and plant material quality on soil mineral nitrogen dynamics and nitrous oxide production following addition of green manure to soil." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2012. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=202373.

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Human activities have doubled the loading of ecosystems with reactive nitrogen (N) contributing to many serious problems such as eutrophication, climate change and pollution. As most anthropogenic reactive N is created to supply plant-available N in agriculture, one of the ways to mitigate the situation is to improve N use efficiency in crop production. It is also potentially more sustainable to supply N to crops using biological N fixation (BNF) rather than synthetic N fertilisers, because BNF does not rely on energy from fossil fuels to create plant-available N. Soil pH affects N transformat
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