Dissertations / Theses: 'Soil reconstruction'

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Low, Spencer Nishimoto. "An Exploration of Soil Moisture Reconstruction Techniques." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2021. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/9169.

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Satellite radiometers are used to remotely measure properties of the Earth's surface. Radiometers enable wide spatial coverage and daily temporal coverage. Radiometer measurements are used in a wide array of applications, including freeze/thaw states inference, vegetation index calculations, rainfall estimation, and soil moisture estimation. Resolution enhancement of these radiometer measurements enable finer details to be resolved and improve our understanding of Earth. The Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) radiometer was launched in April 2014 with a goal to produce high resolution soil moisture estimates. However, due to hardware failure of the radar channels, prepared algorithms could no longer be used. Current algorithms utilize a narrow spatial and temporal overlap between the SMAP radiometer and the SENTINEL-1 radar to produce high resolution soil moisture estimates that are spatially and temporally limited. This thesis explores the use of resolution enhancing algorithms to produce high resolution soil moisture estimates without the spatial coverage limitations caused by using multiple sensors. Two main approaches are considered: calculating the iterative update in brightness temperature and calculating the update in soil moisture. The best performing algorithm is the Soil Moisture Image Reconstruction (SMIR) algorithm that is a variation of the Radiometer form of the Scatterometer Image Reconstruction (rSIR) algorithm that has been adapted to operate in parameter space. This algorithm utilizes a novel soil moisture measurement response function (SMRF) in the reconstruction. It matches or exceeds the performance of other algorithms and allows for wide spatial coverage.

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Meredith, Kelly Robyn. "The Influence of Soil Reconstruction Methods on Mineral Sands Mine Soil Properties." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31006.

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Significant deposits of heavy mineral sands (primarily ilmenite and zircon) are located in Virginia in Dinwiddie, Sussex and Greensville counties. Most deposits are located under prime farmland, and thus require intensive reclamation when mined. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of four different mine soil reconstruction methods on soil properties and associated rowcrop productivity. Treatments compared were 1) Biosolids-No Tillage, 2) Biosolids-Conventional Tillage, 3) Lime+NPK fertilized tailings (Control), and 4) 15-cm Topsoil over lime+P treated tailings. Treated plots were cropped to corn (Zea Mays L.) in 2005 and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in 2006. Yields were compared to nearby unmined prime farmland yields. Over both growing seasons, the two biosolids treatments produced the highest overall crop yields. The Topsoil treatment produced the lowest corn yields due to relatively poor physical and chemical conditions, but the effect was less obvious for the following wheat crop. Reclaimed land corn and wheat yields were higher than long-term county averages, but they were consistently lower than unmined plots under identical management. Detailed morphological study of 20 mine soil pedons revealed significant root-limiting subsoil compaction and textural stratification. The mine soils classified as Typic Udorthents (11), Typic Udifluvents (4) and Typic Dystrudepts (5). Overall, mined lands can be successfully returned to intensive agricultural production with comparable yields to long-term county averages provided extensive soil amendment and remedial tillage protocols are implemented. However, a significant decrease (~25 to 35%) in initial productivity should be expected relative to unmined prime farmland.
Master of Science

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Mohammad, Vali Samani Abbas. "Travel-time tomography for stress reconstruction in granular soil media." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq22221.pdf.

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Nussberger, Mathis. "Soil moisture determination with TDR: single-rod probes and profile reconstruction algorithms /." Zürich, 2005. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=15965.

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Lu, Ye. "Reconstruction, characterization, modeling and visualization of inherent and induced digital sand microstructures." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/37176.

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Strain localization, the phenomenon of large shear deformation within thin zones of intensive shearing, commonly occurs both in-situ and in the laboratory tests on soils specimens. The intriguing mechanism of strain localization and how it will affect the general behavior of soil specimens have been investigated by many researchers. Some of the efforts have focused on finding the links between material properties (void space, fabric tensor) and mechanical behavior (stress, strain, volumetric strain). In the last ten years, several extensive studies have been conducted at Georgia Tech to investigate the mechanism of strain localization and link the microstructural properties with the engineering behavior of Ottawa sands. These studies have included 2-D and 3-D characterization of soil microstructures under either triaxial or biaxial shearing conditions. To extend and complement these previous studies, the current study focuses particularly on 3-D reconstruction, analysis and modeling of specimens of Ottawa sand subject to triaxial or biaxial loading. The 3-D microstructure of biaxial specimens was reconstructed using an optical microscopy based montage and serial sectioning technique. Based on the reconstructed 3-D digital volumes, a series of 2-D and 3-D characterizations and analyses, including local void ratio distributions, extent of shear bands, influence of soil fabrics and packing signature effects, were conducted. In addition to the image analysis based reconstruction and characterization, the 3-D discrete element method (DEM) code, PFC3D, was used to explore both biaxial and triaxial shear related soil behaviors at the global and particulate scale. Void ratio distributions, coordination numbers, particle rotations and displacements, contact normal distributions and normal contact forces as well as global stress and strain responses were investigated and analyzed to help understand the mechanism of strain localization. The microstructures of the numerical specimens were also characterized in the same way as the physical specimens and similar strain localization patterns were identified. Combined with the previous related studies, the current study provides new insights into the strain localization phenomenon of Ottawa sands subject to triaxial and biaxial loading. In addition, the reconstructed digital specimens were subject to a series of dissection studies which revealed exciting new insights into "microstructure signatures" which exist at both meso and micro scales within the real and simulated specimens.

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Dunsford, Simon John. "Acidifying peat as an aid to the reconstruction of lowland heath on arable soil." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302044.

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Pereira, Mauricio Fernando Lima. "Um modelo de reconstrução tomográfica 3D para amostras agrícolas com filtragem de Wiener em processamento paralelo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/76/76132/tde-17092007-205738/.

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Neste trabalho, é apresentado um novo modelo de reconstrução tridimensional (3D) para amostras agrícolas com filtragem de Wiener em processamento paralelo, o qual é obtido a partir de reconstruções tomográficas bidimensionais (2D). No desenvolvimento, foram modelados algoritmos paralelos de retroprojeção filtrada e reconstrução tridimensional, baseando-se na inserção de um conjunto de planos virtuais entre pares de planos reais obtidos em ensaios tomográficos de raios X na faixa de energia de 56 keV a 662 keV. No modelo, os planos virtuais gerados em algoritmo paralelo são implementados com base na técnica de interpolação por B-Spline-Wavelet. Para validação do modelo desenvolvido, foi utilizada uma plataforma paralela composta de 4 processadores DSP, a qual possibilitou a troca de dados entre os processadores DSP e o envio de informações para o host, um computador desktop com processador Pentium III operando em 800 MHz. A extração de medidas de eficiência, de ganho e de precisão dos algoritmos paralelos foi realizada com base em um conjunto de amostras agrícolas (solo, vidro e madeiras) e de phantoms de calibração. Nessa avaliação, observou-se que o algoritmo de reconstrução 2D, utilizado como base para o algoritmo de reconstrução 3D, possibilitou uma alta eficiência para imagens de maior resolução, atingindo um pico de 92% de eficiência na resolução de 181X181 pixels. O algoritmo paralelo de reconstrução 3D foi analisado para um conjunto de amostras, sob diferentes configurações de planos reais e virtuais, organizados de forma a possibilitarem a avaliação do impacto causado pelo aumento da granularidade da comunicação e da carga de trabalho. Um melhor desempenho, com ganho médio igual a 3,4, foi obtido na reconstrução de objetos que demandaram o cálculo de um maior número de planos. Também, buscou-se conhecer a adaptabilidade do modelo para uso em arquitetura convencional, sendo que neste caso o uso de MPI permitiu a comunicação entre as tarefas projetadas em cada algoritmo paralelo. Adicionamente, foram incluídas ferramentas de visualização 2D e 3D para que usuários possam analisar as imagens e as características das amostras agrícolas em ambiente tridimensional. Os resultados obtidos indicam que o modelo de reconstrução 3D paralela trouxe contribuições originais para a área de tomografia agrícola aplicada à física de solos, bem como para a criação de ferramentas que viabilizem explorar recursos computacionais disponíveis em arquiteturas paralelas que demandem elevada capacidade de processamento.
This work presents a new method for three dimensional (3D) image reconstruction dedicated to the investigation in soil physics by means of X-ray tomography which is obtained using two-dimensional (2D) tomographic image reconstructed slices. The conception of the 3D model for reconstruction and visualization was based on the filtered back projection algorithm, operating under parallel environment together the insertion of virtual planes between pairs of real planes obtained by X-Ray tomography under energies varying from 56 keV to 662 keV. In this model, the virtual planes were generated by interpolation with the use of B-Spline-Wavelets. The evaluation of the 3D reconstruction model was established by using a set of agricultural samples (i.e., soil, glass, wood and calibration phantoms) having different configuration for the planes. Such configuration was based on setting not only the sizes and the number of the real but also the virtual planes in the volume. This procedure allows the impact measurements as a function of the increasing in workload and the communication granularity. To validate the reconstruction model, a dedicated parallel architecture composed of 4 DSP processors was used. This board enables data exchange between DSP processors and communication with host computer. A measurement of efficiency with a speed up equal to 3.4 was obtained using the same set of samples and a better performance was observed with a higher number of planes. Also, to understand about its adaptability, the model was implemented in conventional architecture, using MPI library to enable communication between designed tasks. Additionally, 2D and 3D visualization tools based on Vizualization ToolKit were included in order to help users to analyze images and their characteristics. Results have shown that the 3D parallel model reconstruction brought original contributions for the soil science diagnosis by X-Ray tomography, as well as to explore the available computational resources in parallel architectures, which demands great processing capacity.

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Cecchet, Fernanda Aparecida. "Análise de fitólitos aplicada a reconstrução paleoambiental (vegetação e clima) na superfície incompletamente aplainada VI Campo Erê (SC) no pleistoceno tardio." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2015. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/63.

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Phytoliths are microscopic particles of silica, or biomineralizations, formed during the growth of the plant, through the absorption of dissolved monosilicic acid (H4SiO4) solute from the soil. Phytoliths remain preserved in soil under certain environmental conditions making them a great ally in paleoenvironmental reconstruction studies. In South-West Paraná and North-West Santa Catarina, where there were large areas of Araucaria moist forests (AMF), the Genesis and Evolution of Geomorphological Surfaces and Surface Formations research group (GPGESGFS) has carried out dedicated research using diverse biological proxies, including phytoliths, in order to understand the principal factors and processes which were active in the formation of the current relief and in the evolution of the landscape of this region. Considering the hypothesis of environmental changes (climate and vegetation) in the South of Brazil during the Pleistocene/Holocene, the present study has as its main objective understanding the environmental dynamic during the Late Pleistocene and Holocene, which may have acted on the evolution of the landscape of Campo Erê (SC), incomplete planation surface VI. The results obtained through routine physical and chemical analyses of the phytolith assemblage, the ratios of the stable carbon isotopes and 14C dating of the humin fraction, have enabled us to conclude that the soil studied in Campo Erê (SC), a typical distroferric red nitosol with humic A horizon, developed in situ through pedogenic evolution from the material of origin, basalt. Since the middle of the last glacial maximum (18.060-17.845 Years Cal. BP.) this profile developed beneath vegetation, possibly less leafy than the current vegetation, with a mixture of C3 (grasses, trees and bushes) and C4 (grasses) plants. This pattern of vegetation remained until the beginning of the Holocene (8.055-7.960 Years Cal. BP.) From the Middle Holocene on, there occurred an opening up of the vegetation, marked by greater participation of C4 grasses, possibly a campo sujo (a herbaceous layer with occasional small trees), shown as much by the isotopic signal as by the phytolith assemblage. This vegetation lasted until approximately 1.875-1.715 years Cal BP, once again becoming vegetation formed predominantly by C3 plant species of photosynthetic cycle, until the formation of the current AMF found in the study area. At no time were signs of dense tree formation detected, but instead leafy vegetation, which was at times more open and at others more closed. This characteristic is prominent in the vegetation of the south of Brazil, where extensive areas of AMF are surrounded by grasslands forming great mosaics on the landscape. All the climatic oscillations, however small, reflect the retreat or advance of this forest over grassland or vice-versa
Fitólitos são microscópicas partículas de sílica ou biomineralizações formadas devido à absorção do ácido monossílico (H4SiO4) dissolvido do soluto do solo durante o crescimento da planta. Os fitólitos ficam preservados no solo em determinadas condições ambientais tornando-se um grande aliado em estudos de reconstrução paleoambiental. No Sudoeste do Paraná e Noroeste de Santa Catarina, onde ocorriam grandes área de Floresta Ombrófila Mista (FOM), o Grupo de Pesquisa Gênese e Evolução de Superfícies Geomorfológicas e Formação Superficiais (GPGESGFS) tem se dedicado às pesquisas usando diversos proxies biológicos inclusive os fitólitos para compreender quais foram os principais fatores e processos que atuaram na formação do atual relevo e na evolução da paisagem nessa região. Considerando a hipótese de mudanças ambientais (clima e vegetação) no Sul do Brasil durante o Pleistoceno/Holoceno o presente estudo tem como objetivo principal compreender a dinâmica ambiental ao longo do Pleistoceno Tardio e Holoceno , que pode ter atuado na evolução da paisagem na região de Campo Erê (SC), superfície incompletamente aplainada VI. Os resultados obtidos através das análises físicas e químicas de rotina, de assembleia de fitólitos, as razões de isótopos estáveis de carbono e datações por 14C da fração humina, permitiram concluir que o solo estudado em Campo Erê (SC), um NITOSSOLO VERMELHO Distroférrico típico com horizonte A húmico, se desenvolveu in situ através de evolução pedogenética a partir do material de origem, o basalto. Desde meados do Ultimo Maximo Glacial (18.060-17.845 Anos Cal. AP.) este perfil se desenvolveu sob uma vegetação, possivelmente menos arborizada que a atual, com mistura de plantas C3 (gramíneas, árvores e arbustos) e C4 (gramíneas). Este padrão de vegetação se manteve até o inicio do Holoceno (8.055-7.960 Anos Cal. AP.). A partir do Holoceno médio ocorreu uma abertura da vegetação, marcada pela maior participação de gramíneas C4, possivelmente um campo sujo, evidenciada tanto pelo sinal isotópico, quanto pela assembleia fitolítica. Essa vegetação perdurou até aproximadamente 1.875-1.715 anos Cal AP, tornando-se novamente uma vegetação formada predominantemente por espécie de plantas de ciclo fotossintético C3 até a formação da atual FOM encontrada na área de estudo. Em nenhum momento detectou-se sinais de uma formação arbórea densa, mas sim uma vegetação arborizada que por vezes esteve mais aberta e por vezes mais fechada. Essa característica é eminente da vegetação do sul do Brasil onde extensas áreas de FOM são cercadas por campos formando grandes mosaicos na paisagem. Todas as oscilações climáticas, por menores que sejam, refletem o retrocesso ou o avanço dessa floresta sob o campo ou vice-versa.

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Kakembo, Vincent. "A reconstruction of the history of land degradation in relation to land use change and land tenure in Peddie district, former Ciskei." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005523.

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A history of land degradation is reconstructed in a part of the dividing ridge between the Great Fish and Keiskamma rivers, in Peddie District, former Ciskei. The study entails a comparative investigation of the progressive changes in land use, vegetation and soil erosion in three tenure units, namely: former commercial farms, traditional and betterment villages. Analysis of the sequential aerial photography of the area for 1938,1954, 1965, 1975 and 1988 is employed. This is backed by groundtruthing exercises. Data thus obtained are quantified, and linkages between degradation, anthropogenic and physical factors are derived using PC ARC/INFO GIS. Differences in land tenure systems emerge as the main controlling factor to variations in land degradation. Confinement of vegetation diminution and erosion to traditional and betterment villages is observed at all dates. Scantily vegetated surfaces and riparian vegetation removal are a characteristic feature of both areas throughout the study period. 'Betterment,' introduced in the early 1960s to curb land degradation is, instead observed to exacerbate it, particularly soil erosion. Trends in land use change are characterised by the abandonment of cultivated land, which is noted to coincide with a sharp rise in population. Erosion intensification into severe forms particularly between 1965 and 1975, coincident with a period of extreme rainfall events, emerges as the most significant degradation trend. A close spatial correlation between abandoned cultivated land and intricate gullies is identified. So is the case between grazing land and severe sheet erosion. Within the grazing lands, an examination of erosion and categories of vegetated surfaces reveals that erosion occurs predominantly on the scanty vegetation category. Such erosion-vegetation interaction largely explains the non-recovery of the scanty vegetation category, even during periods of intense rainfall. Extensive channel degradation is evident along stream courses with scanty riparian vegetation. Physical factors are noted to have a significant bearing on erosion. The high prevalence of erosion on the Ecca group of rocks confirms its erosion-prone nature. Pockets of colluvium and alluvium accumulation in the steep bottomlands are identified as the sites of the most severe gully erosion. Field surveys at some of the sites indicate that a dolerite sill through the area forms a boundary of colluvium accumulation and the upslope limit to gully incision. That these sites are recognised as formerly cultivated land, portrays the interaction between physical and anthropogenic variables with regard to inducing degradation in the area.

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SOARES, Paula Fernanda Chaves. "Organossolos: morfologia, atributos f?sicos, qu?micos e abund?ncia natural de is?topos de carbono e nitrog?nio." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2015. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/1447.

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According to the Brazilian Soil Classification System the Organossolos (Histosols) are characterized by horizons with high organic matter content and a given thickness. The carbon content is related to pedogenesis processes; however for the carbon addition and maintenance in the soil in such amount and thickness to meet the criteria of the classification system there are several factors working in conjunction, culminating in the soil genesis process. These soils can be formed by paludization or litter accumulation. The overall objective of the study was to characterize and classify Organossolos and to verify the influence of their genesis in the soil attributes, evaluating physical and chemical properties; in addition, the application of isotopic methods for analyzing natural abundance of carbon and nitrogen isotopes, relating the data with changes in vegetation and in soil evolution. The soils are under Atlantic Forest in the state of Rio de Janeiro. There were selected four profiles in different environments, one in the municipality of Mag? in the plains neighboring the Guanabara Bay, the second in Campos dos Goytacazes municipality, near Lagoa Feia, both in hot and humid climate and lowland plain relief. Two other soil profiles were located in Itatiaia municipality, in the highland section of the Itatiaia National Park, under cold weather and humid and mountainous vegetation environment. A series of analytical procedures were made: description and morphological characterization, analysis of chemical and physical properties, determination of carbon and nitrogen, chemical fractionation of humic substances, mineral material (MM), density of organic matter (DOM), minimum residue (MR), solubility in sodium pyrophosphate (SSP), determination of fibers and Von Post decomposition scale; plus the quantification of natural abundance of carbon isotopes (12C and13C) and nitrogen (14N and 15N), and carbon dating by the method of C. The RJ-01 profile was classified as ORGANOSSOLO Tiom?rfico S?prico t?pico, the RJ-02 as ORGANOSSOLO H?plico S?prico t?pico, the RJ-03 as ORGANOSSOLO H?plico H?mico t?pico and RJ-04 as ORGANOSSOLO F?lico S?prico cambiss?lico, equivalent to Sulfosaprists (RJ-01) Haplosaprists (RJ-02), Haplohemists (RJ-03) and Udifolists (RJ-04), in the Soil Taxonomy (USDA-NRCS). The RJ- 01 was significantly thicker and higher in carbon content in the subsurface. The RJ-02 profile was shallower, but had a higher organic matter deposition. The RJ-03 profile had the organic matter (OM) with the oldest C dating, in the range of 3351-3699 years at 40-50 cm. However, the RJ-04 profile stood out from the others because it had better soil drainage, higher degree of OM humification. Also, this profile had a variation of ?6 of 13C, indicating a change in local floristic composition with an increase of vegetation with C3 photosynthetic cycle, which is a hint of climate change.
De acordo com o Sistema Brasileiro de Classifica??o de Solo os Organossolos s?o caracterizados por horizontes com elevado teor de material org?nico e uma espessura m?nima. O teor de carbono esta ligado ao processo pedogen?tico, por?m para que ocorra a adi??o e manuten??o de carbono em quantidade e espessura de forma a atender os crit?rios do sistema de classifica??o uma s?rie de fatores atua em conjunto, culminando com o processo de g?nese do solo. Esses solos podem ser formados atrav?s de um desses processos: paludiza??o ou acumula??o de liteira. O objetivo geral do trabalho foi caracterizar e classificar Organossolos e verificar a influ?ncia da sua g?nese sobre os atributos ed?ficos, analisando as propriedades f?sicas e qu?micas; ainda a aplica??o de m?todos de an?lise da abund?ncia natural de is?topos de carbono e nitrog?nio, relacionando-as as altera??es na vegeta??o e na evolu??o do solo, em dois ambientes de Floresta Atl?ntica, no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Para tanto foram selecionados quatro perfis em locais distintos, um em Mag? ao fundo da Ba?a de Guanabara, o segundo em Campos dos Goytacazes pr?ximo a Lagoa Feia, ambos em ambientes de clima quente e ?mido e relevo plano de v?rzea. Outros dois perfis localizam-se em Itatiaia, na parte alta do Parque Nacional de Itatiaia (PNI), em ambiente de clima frio e ?mido e vegeta??o altomontana. Realizou-se uma s?rie de procedimentos anal?ticos: descri??o e caracteriza??o morfol?gica, an?lises de atributos qu?micos e f?sicos, determina??o de carbono e nitrog?nio, fracionamento qu?mico das subst?ncias h?micas, material mineral (MM), densidade da mat?ria org?nica (DMO), res?duo m?nimo (RM), solubilidade em pirofosfato de s?dio (IP), determina??o de fibras (FE e FN) e escala de decomposi??o de Von Post, abundancia natural de is?topos do carbono (12C e 13C) e nitrog?nio (14N e 15N) e data??o da mat?ria org?nica do solo atrav?s do m?todo de C. O perfil RJ-01 foi classificado como ORGANOSSOLO Tiom?rfico S?prico t?pico, o RJ-02 como ORGANOSSOLO H?plico S?prico t?pico, o RJ-03 como ORGANOSSOLO H?plico H?mico t?pico e o RJ-04 como ORGANOSSOLO F?lico S?prico cambiss?lico. O perfil RJ-01 apresentou maior espessura e teores de carbono mais elevados em subsuperf?cie. O perfil RJ-02 foi o de menor profundidade, por?m possui maior deposi??o atual de mat?ria org?nica (MO). O perfil RJ- 03 possui a MO mais antiga, datando na faixa de 3351-3699 anos a 40-50 cm. No entanto, o perfil RJ-04 destacou-se dos demais por apresentar melhor drenagem e maior grau de humifica??o da MO. Al?m disso, esse perfil mostrou varia??o do valor de C de ?6, indicando altera??o na composi??o flor?stica local, com o aumento de vegeta??o do ciclo fotossint?tico C3, o que ? apontado como ind?cio de altera??es clim?ticas.

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Fránková, Hana. "Ověření technologie BioSealing metodou EIS." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-265705.

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Diploma thesis is dealing with recognition of Biosealing technology using electrical impedance spektrometry method. BioSealing is an innovative method of soil body reconstruction, which uses stimulation of soil bacterial activity to seal the leakage. The method was developed in the Netherlands and it was used in conditions of the Czech Republic in years 2015 and 2016 on the Hornice water work. This earth dam was monitored by electrical impedance spectrometry by apparatus with device Z-meter IV in this period and the data are processed and assessed in this diploma thesis.

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Robin, Vincent. "Reconstruction of fire and forest history on several investigation sites in Germany, based on long and short-term investigations - Multiproxy approaches contributing to naturalness assessment on a local scale." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX30057.

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Sur la base de constats globaux concernant l’importance d’appliquer des modes de gestion durable des zones forestières et le manque d’investigation concernant l’histoire passée des feux en Europe centrale, il a été entrepris de reconstruire l’histoire des événements de feux et de la dynamique forestière pour des sites d’étude en Allemagne. L’ensemble des données obtenues et analysées ont été utilisées pour l’évaluation du niveau de naturalité des sites étudiés, cette notion étant essentielle pour la mise en place d’une gestion durable, et/ou pour des projets de conservation et / ou de restauration des systèmes perturbés. Concernant les dynamiques des écosystèmes en Europe centrale, il a été souvent mis en évidence que l’homme joue un rôle essentiel depuis des millénaires. Par conséquent, l’approche historique des événements de feux et de la dynamique forestière à été réalisée sur de longues échelles temporelles. Neuf sites d’étude ont été sélectionnés incluant une large gamme de systèmes forestiers d’Europe centrale. Les sites d’études sont répartis dans deux zones générales d’étude : le nord de l’Allemagne (Schleswig-Holstein), qui comprend quatre sites d’étude, et le centre de l’Allemagne (le Harz), qui comprend cinq sites d’étude. Quatre disciplines ont été principalement utilisées. Pour définir l’état actuel des sites d’études ceux-ci ont été caractérisés, utilisant divers indicateurs dendrométriques concernant la structure et la composition des parcelles analysées. Pour obtenir des informations à propos de la dynamique forestière des peuplements forestiers en place des analyses dendroécologiques ont été utilisées. Pour analyser la dynamique forestière sur une longue échelle temporelle, à une échelle spatiale comparable, des analyses pédoanthracologiques ont été menées, combinées à des analyses de sols. De plus, des analyses anthracologiques de séquences de tourbes ont été réalisées, fournissant, combinées avec les données pedoanthracologiques, des enseignements à propos de l’histoire des incendies. L’état actuel et la dynamique forestière récente des sites étudiés indiquent divers niveaux de complexité des peuplements forestiers, correspondant souvent à divers niveaux postulés d’impact anthropique. Il a été obtenu huit chronologies moyennes, standardisées en haute et moyenne fréquences, âgées au maximum de 1744 et au minimum de 1923 ans. A partir de ces chronologies des changements dans les conditions de croissance de peuplements forestiers ont été mises en évidence. Basées sur un ensemble de 71 charbons de bois datés par radiocarbone, il a été mis en évidence, à l’échelle locale et globale, deux principales phases présentant plus d’événements de feux datés, une durant le Pléistocène supérieur/Holocène inférieur, une autre durant l’Holocène supérieur. Pour les deux phases identifiées des forçages climatique et anthropogénique ont été respectivement postulés comme déterminisme des occurrences de feux. Finalement, les différentes données collectées ont été utilisées de façon combinée pour reconstruire l’histoire des feux et des forêts des sites étudiés, afin de contribuer à l’évaluation de leur niveau de naturalité
Considering two global observations in Central Europe of, firstly, the need for, and development of, sustainable and biological conservation practices for forest and/or woodland areas and, secondly, the lack of long-term fire history, an attempt has been made to reconstruct the fire and the forest history at several investigation sites in Germany. The overall data set gathered and analyzed has been used for on-site naturalness assessment. This latter notion is crucial for forest system conservation/restoration planning, considering the past human impact on forest dynamics. Also, in view of this past human impact on forest systems, which is well-documented for Central Europe, as occurring on a multi-millennium scale, an historical perspective perceptive that combined a long and short temporal scale of investigation was used.Nine investigation sites were selected, in order to include various and representative types of Central European forest. Therefore, the investigation sites were located in two main investigation areas. One is in Northern Germany (Schleswig-Holstein) and includes four investigation sites. The other is in Central Germany (Harz Mountains) and includes five investigation sites. Four main approaches were used. To assess the current state of the investigated site, forest stand characterization was undertaken (i.e. based on various forest attributes that concern stand structure and composition). Tree ring series were analyzed to provide insights about short-term forest tree population dynamics. Then, charcoal records from soil (combined with soil analysis) and peat sequences were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed. These last two approaches also provide information about the past fire history. Forest current and short-term dynamics illustrated various levels of stand complexity, often corresponding to various levels of human impact that had been postulated. Eight mean site tree-ring chronologies, standardized in high and mid-frequency signal, spanning at a maximum of up to AD 1744 and at a minimum of up to AD 1923, were obtained. The insight, about the identification of events of growing changes and the correlated temporal and, if possible, spatial patterns, was discussed. Charcoal analysis provided a long-term insight about fire history. Based on 71 charcoal radiocarbon dates, it was shown on a macro-scale that there were two phases that had a greater frequency of fire - one during the transition from the late Pleistocene to the early Holocene, and one during the mid- and late Holocene. A strong human control during the most recent fire phase has been postulated. This is supported by on-site soil and peat charcoal record analysis, allowing one to point out the event of environmental changes (disturbances), at local scales. In the end, the on-site data from the various indicators were combined to assess the fire and forest history and the naturalness level of the investigated sites, based on past insights, thereby contributing to a better understanding of the present and helping to anticipate the future

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Nekl, Jiří. "Rekonstrukce železničního tunelu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-226363.

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The diploma thesis engages in the reconstruction of railway tunnel Domasovsky that is situated at the track section Olomouc – Krnov. It illustrates the current state of the construction and the geotechnical conditons of the area of interest, it also presents the potencial solutions. The design is verified by stuructural analysis, the design documentation and technical report are also enclosed.

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Maher, Ryan Matthew. "Soil respiration and plant growth across a chronosequence of tallgrass prairie reconstructions." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2007.

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Юхименко, Артем Ігоревич, Артем Игоревич Юхименко, and Artem Yukhymenko. "Технологія горизонтального бурозмішувального армуван- ня ґрунтів основ споруд." Дисертація, ЗДІА, 2017. https://dspace.znu.edu.ua/jspui/handle/12345/825.

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UA : В дисертації наводяться результати досліджень для вирішення актуальної нау- ково-практичної задачі підвищення ефективності підсилення основ споруд при від- новленні деформованих будівель та при реконструкції будівельних об’єктів шляхом розробки технології горизонтального бурозмішувального армування ґрунтів із за- стосуванням розроблених інноваційних конструктивно-технологічних рішень. В роботі визначені шляхи підвищення ефективності відновлення пошкодже- них будівель внаслідок: покращення якості формування ґрунтоцементних армоеле- ментів внаслідок зміни технологічних процесів бурозмішування; зниження трудомі- сткості та підвищення технологічності виконання робіт розробленням та удоскона- ленням конструктивно-технологічного обладнання та оснащення; забезпечення без- перебійної експлуатації будівельних об’єктів та без відселення людей на період від- новлювальних робіт; можливості виконання відновлювальних робіт в стиснених умовах. Представлені результати дослідження впливу технологічних факторів на про- цес утворення в ґрунтовій товщі горизонтальних ґрунтоцементних армоелементів та отримані залежності такого впливу на формування механічних характеристик ґрун- тоцементу, які дозволяють встановлювати раціональні технологічні режими арму- вання ґрунтів в залежності від їх фізичного стану. Впровадження результатів дисертаційної роботи відбулося при стабілізації деформацій споруди виниклих в процесі будівництва, при відновленні експлуата- ційної спроможності деформованої будівлі навчально-виховного комплексу та при реконструкції із надбудовою поверху будівлі готелю.
RU : В диссертации приводятся результаты исследований для решения актуальной научно-практической задачи повышения эффективности усиления оснований со- оружений при восстановлении деформированных зданий и при реконструкции стро- ительных объектов путем разработки технологии горизонтального буросмеситель- ного армирования грунтов с применением разработанных инновационных конструк- тивно-технологических решений. В работе определены пути повышения эффективности восстановления повре- жденных зданий за счет: улучшения качества формирования грунтоцементных ар- моэлементов вследствие изменения технологических процессов буросмешивания; снижения трудоемкости и повышения технологичности выполнения работ разработ- кой и усовершенствованием конструктивно-технологического оборудования и оснастки; обеспечения бесперебойной эксплуатации строительных объектов и без отселения людей на период восстановительных работ; возможности выполнения восстановительных работ в стесненных условиях. Подтверждена гипотеза о том, что в результате использования разработанных инновационных конструктивно-технологических решений, а именно – трёхлопаст- ного буросмесителя и горизонтального бурового станка, оснащённого трёхскорост- ными редукторами линейного и вращательного движений приводит к изменению принципа буросмесительных процессов (разрушения структуры грунта, измельче- ния разрушенного грунта, пропитывания измельчённого грунта водоцементной сус- пензией, перемешивания грунтоцементной смеси), что обеспечивает многократную обработку каждого элементарного объёма укрепляемого грунта указанными буро- смесительными технологическими операциями. Поскольку буросмесительная технология основана на разрушении структуры грунта и пропитывании разрушенного грунта водоцементной суспензией, в работе исследован процесс резания грунта новой конструкцией буросмесителя и установ- лено влияние технологических параметров на этот процесс. С учётом разработанных конструктивно-технологических решений горизон- тального буросмесительного армирования грунтов выполнены полевые исследова- ния технологических процессов устройства горизонтальных грунтоцементных армо- элементов и влияния технологических факторов на формирование механических ха- рактеристик. При этом проверена возможность обеспечения горизонтальности и па- раллельности смежных армоэлементов разработанной на уровне изобретений техно- логической оснасткой. Выполненные исследования разработанной технологии пока- зали положительные результаты При проектировании усиления оснований укреплением грунтов буросмеси- тельным армированием технологии возникают вопросы связанные с механическими характеристиками. Поэтому выполнены исследования влияния технологических па- раметров на изменение свойств грунтоцемента неразрушающими методами – пене- трацией и ударно-импульсным методом, а также испытанием образцов на одноосное сжатие. По результатам испытаний установлены зависимости изменения характери- стик удельного сдвига, поверхностной твёрдости и призменной прочности грунто- цемента при изменении технологических параметров.
EN : The dissertation provides the results of research for solution of important scientific and practical problem of increase of efficiency of buildings bases in the reduction of deformed buildings and renovation construction projects through the development of technology of horizontal soil-and-mixing reinforcement using developed innovative structural and technological solutions. The ways of increasing the efficiency of restoration of damaged buildings are determined at the expense of: improvement of the quality of formation of ground-cement armoelements due to changes in the technological processes of drilling-mixing; Reduce labor intensity and improve the technological work performance by developing and improving the design and technological equipment and equipment; Maintenance of uninterrupted operation of building objects and without resettlement of people for the period of restoration works; The possibility of carrying out restoration work in cramped conditions. The results of a study of the influence of technological factors on the process of the device in the soil thickness of horizontal soil-cement elements are presented, and the dependence of such influence on the formation of mechanical characteristics of soil cement is obtained, which allow to establish optimal technological regimes of reinforcement of soils depending on their physical state. The introduction of the results of the thesis work occurred with the stabilization of the deformations of the structures that emerged during the construction process, while restoring the operational fitness of the deformed building of the educational complex and during the reconstruction with the building's superstructure.

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Cardon, Peggy. "Le corps accidenté : bouleversements identitaires et reconstruction de soi." Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05H048.

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L’objet de cette thèse est de penser le corps à partir de l’expérience particulière qu’est l’accident.L’enjeu s’avère triple : i) élaborer un questionnement philosophique sur le corps en situation de handicap accidentel ; ii) replacer ce questionnement dans le champ des théories du handicap et des notions d’« identité » et de « reconstruction de soi » ; iii) traiter du corps en tant que suppor tidentitaire à la fois « naturel » et « construit » et envisager ainsi de manière renouvelée la question de la représentation et du rapport au corps. Cette approche conçoit le handicap non seulement à partir de ses conséquences mais aussi à partir de ses causes, et en particulier d’une cause possible : l’accident. Les questions fondamentales qui la sous-tendent sont les suivantes : qu’est qu’un accident ? Quel est le rapport entre la volonté, la responsabilité, et l’accident corporel ? Qu’est-ce qui rend le corps accidenté si insupportable ? L’impact des blessures sur le grand accidenté ouvre en effet un questionnement spécifique : Comment ce corps abîmé va-t-il être perçu et accepté par les autres et par l’individu lui-même ? Comment ce dernier va-t-il éprouver le passage d’un corps « valide » à un corps« handicapé », d’un corps « normal » à un corps « différent » ? Un individu peut-il concilier deux acceptions de son corps correspondant à un « avant » et à un « après » accident ? Comment vivre avec, dans, par un nouveau corps ? Pour traiter ces questions, ce travail philosophique mobilise les points de vue sociologique, anthropologique, éthique et médical sur le handicap accidentel
The purpose of this thesis is to think about the body in light of the particular experience that is theaccident. The aim is threefold: i) to develop a philosophical inquiry on the accidentally disabled body;ii) to situate this inquiry with respect to theories of disability, of "identity", and of "selfreconstruction";iii) to treat the body as a medium of identity that is both "natural" and "constructed",and thus consider the question of the representation of the body from a new perspective. Thisapproach looks at disability not only from the point of view of its consequences, but also of its causes,and in particular of one possible cause: the accident. The fundamental questions in this investigationare the following: What is an accident? What is the relationship between the will, responsibility, andpersonal injury? What makes the injured body so unbearable? The impact of the damage on theseverely injured opens a specific line of questioning: How will the injured body be perceived andaccepted by others and by the individual itself? How will that person experience the transition from an"able" to a "disabled" body, from a "normal" body to a "different" body? Can a person reconcile thetwo senses of the body corresponding to a "before" and an "after" the accident? How to live with andin a new body? To address these issues, this philosophical work brings to bear views on accidentaldisability from sociology, anthropology, and medical ethics

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Xavier, Márcia Cristina Teles. "Paleofauna e paleoambientes do Pleistoceno Superior no município de Jaguarari, norte da Bahia." Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 2012. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/4448.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Numerous studies of paleo-environmental reconstruction (vegetation and climate) have been carried out in southern, southeastern, and central Brazil, based on the pollen deposited in lacustrine and peatbog sediments. Such studies are scarce in the Brazilian Northeast, however. Studies of this type permit the development of inferences on the ecological processes affecting local plant and animal communities. The present study aimed to understand the paleo-environmental dynamics of a tank-type fossil outcrop in the municipality of Jaguarari, part of the Senhor do Bonfim micro-region in central-western Bahia state, located within the Caatinga biome. Fossils of neopleistocene mammals were collected, together with samples of soil and plants for isotopic analyses (13C). Six mammalian taxa were identified: Eremotherium laurillardi, Notiomastodon platensis, Toxodontinae, Felidae, Panochthus greslebini, and Equus (Amerhippus) neogeus. The paleo-environmental interpretation of the ecological characteristics of these taxa indicated that this assemblage was found with a predominantly open environment, associated with areas of denser habitat. The isotopic analysis indicated that the vegetation of the area has been stable up to the present day, with no exchange of C3 to C4 at the study sites. The presence of charcoal fragments at different depths in the soil indicates the occurrence of wildfires throughout the Holocene, possibly as a consequence of a relatively much drier climate. The wildfires may have been anthropogenic, given that the evidence was found in association with vestiges of ancient human populations. The dynamics of the vegetation observed at the site to the depth excavated indicated a predominance of arboreal vegetation since approximately 15,000 BP, finally returning to a more humid climate similar to that of the present day. The vegetation of the study region may not have suffered major modifications of the vegetation during the drier periods of the mid-Holocene, with forest formations predominating. During excavations, the need for a patrimonial education program was perceived, in order to promote measures for the conservation of paleontological sites, together with the local population of Lajedo II village. The results of this initiative indicated that this approach is a useful tool for the generation of information on natural patrimony, basic concepts of conservation, the legal basis for this process and the possible sanctions that enforce it, as well as contributing to the development of new knowledge and perspectives in the local community.
Estudos de reconstrução paleoambiental (vegetação e clima) são mais abundantes nas regiões Sul, Sudeste e Central do Brasil utilizando pólen depositado em sedimentos lacustres e turfeiras. Por outro lado, na região Nordeste, trabalhos análogos são mais escassos. A partir deste tipo de estudo é possível inferir sobre os processos ecológicos associados às comunidades vegetais e animais. Neste trabalho buscou-se entender a dinâmica paleoambiental ocorrida em um afloramento fossilífero do tipo tanque localizado no município de Jaguarari, o qual faz parte da Microrregião de Senhor do Bonfim Centro-Oeste da Bahia, em domínio de Caatinga. Para tanto, coletou-se fósseis de mamíferos neopleistocênicos; solo e plantas para análises isotópicas (13C). A fauna identificada é composta por 6 taxa: Eremotherium laurillardi; Notiomastodon platensis; Toxodontinae; Felidae; Panochthus greslebini; Equus (Amerhippus) neogeus. Interpretações paleoambientais das características ecológicas dos taxa sugerem que este conjunto faunístico estava associado há um ambiente com predomínio de áreas abertas em associação com fisionomias mais fechadas. Os resultados isotópicos apontam para estabilidade vegetacional na região até o presente, sem troca de vegetação C3 para C4 nos locais estudados. A presença de fragmentos de carvão soterrados em várias profundidades do solo sugere a ocorrência de paleoincêndios durante todo o Holoceno, com a possível influência de um clima mais seco para a região. Estes incêndios podem ser de natureza antrópica, já que foram encontrados alguns vestígios de ocupação de populações antigas na região. A dinâmica da vegetação observada para Jaguarari, até a profundidade de solo estudada, sugere tendência a uma vegetação arbórea dominante, desde aproximadamente 15.000 anos AP. com retorno a um clima mais úmido e provavelmente similar ao atual. A região estudada, possivelmente, não sofreu modificação acentuada na vegetação no médio Holoceno, quando do estabelecimento de períodos mais secos, permanecendo com áreas de vegetação de floresta. Durante os trabalhos de escavação dos fósseis, sentiu-se a necessidade de desenvolver um trabalho de Educação Patrimonial junto à população do povoado de Lajedo II, para subsidiar ações de conservação dos sítios paleontológicos. Os resultados mostraram que esta ferramenta é um instrumento capaz de fornecer informações sobre patrimônio, noções de conservação, leis que normatizam estas práticas, as sanções legais previstas, como também, proporcionar a construção de novos conceitos e uma aprendizagem significativa na comunidade alvo.

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Diolot, Emeline. ""Repetition et reconstruction de soi dans l'oeuvre autofictive de Camille Laurens"." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1438231373.

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Lee, Kang San. "A comparative analysis of UAS photogrammatry and terrestrial LIDAR for reconstructing microtopography of harvested fields." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2019. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6789.

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The purpose of this study is comparing elevation models from Terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) and Unmanned aerial system (UAS) photogrammetry focusing on detecting microtopography and the relationship between elevation differences and image textures. The soils on agricultural lands are permanently modified by intensive farming activities almost every year. The microtopography of the soil, that plays an important role in the surface runoff and infiltration, depends on cultivation practices and the field environment. By way of example: crop residues, furrows, tillage direction, and slope may impact the soil nutrient and erosion. To better understand and prevent soil degradation via erosion, 3-D reconstructions of high-resolution soil monitoring are required. In this study, we try to circumnavigate the soil roughness associated with sustainable practices and physical characteristics of fields by collecting soil datasets from non-contacted remote sensing platforms. The amount of soil roughness was observed environmental conditions derived from the Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS) and the Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) photogrammetry within harvested fields in Eastern Central Iowa. Additionally, by focusing on local relief detections and the relationship between outlier distributions and image textures, the two datasets were compared. Both TLS and UAS derived point clouds successfully reconstructed digital elevation models ~ 5cm RMSE after the registration and merge process, and these models showed local reliefs of study areas with fine details. However, several outlier cluster points were detected in the comparisons between TLS and UAS derived DEMs. To discover the outlier distributions, image texture was addressed with global and local block analysis. Since there were no significant correlations, most of the study sites show that poor texture of ground may trigger high elevation errors. To enhance the texture of images, several possible solutions are described, such as local contrast enhancement using the Wallis filter.

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Degeratu, Cristinel-Nicolae. "Structures de biopolymères pour la reconstruction de tissus biologiques." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01019359.

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La thèse intitulée Structures de biopolymères pour la reconstruction de tissus biologiques, structurée en 4 chapitres, présente la possibilité d'obtenir des structures biopolymériques qui peuvent être utilisées dans la reconstruction des tissus, notamment dans la reconstruction des tissus osseux. Les objectifs spécifiques suivants ont été définis et suivis dans les chapitres 2, 3 et 4: 1) L'obtention de structures basées sur le PHA et des fibres naturelles, pour leur utilisation médicale - films, fibres, structures compactes et/ou poreuses, 2) Modification physique ou chimique des structures obtenues pour améliorer leur biocompatibilité, 3) Caractérisation biologique in vitro et in vivo des matériaux; 4) Etude de l'influence des métaux sur la minéralisation du tissu osseux. Le Chapitre I résume les biomatériaux utilisés en génie tissulaire basé sur la littérature. Le Chapitre II présente les différentes structures biopolymériques étudiées: films, microparticules, fibres, tubes et structures microporeuses et l'évaluation des propriétés physiques, chimiques et mécaniques des PHA et fibres naturelles et une étude sur la porosité en utilisant le microCT. Le chapitre III traite de l'influence de la porosité sur l'adhésion cellulaire des films de PHA, une étude in vitro et le comportement in vivo des fibres de PHBV. La dernière partie inclut une étude sur la modification des fibres de fibroïne et de cellulose, pour améliorer leur minéralisation. Le chapitre IV traite l'influence de l'aluminium sur la minéralisation osseuse. Cette étude a été motivée par les conclusions alarmantes des effets nocifs de l'aluminium sur la minéralisation osseuse. La dernière section contient des observations finales et des perspectives.

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Sirot, Marie-cecile. "Les cadres de santé entre « culture du soin » et « culture du management »… Jalons pour une reconstruction identitaire." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO20101.

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Le système de santé est traversé aujourd’hui par une tension forte entre deux logiques : l’une privilégie, dans la tradition humaniste, le soin inconditionnel à la personne, l’autre privilégie, au nom d’impératifs de gestion, le management au service de l’efficacité productive hospitalière. Placé au cœur d’une organisation complexe, le cadre de santé semble ainsi condamné à un mouvement de balancier entre une « culture-santé » et une « culture-entreprise », ce qui lui confère un positionnement professionnel délicat au sein de l’institution. Comment se positionne-t-il et vers quoi évolue-t-il ? Nous montrerons que ces acteurs sont en tension et fortement clivés entre une idéologie humaniste et une idéologie gestionnaire, à la recherche de leur identité qui semble désormais problématique. Héritier d’une histoire et positionné dans un entre-deux, il se cherche. Comment concilie-t-il concrètement ces deux logiques dans son quotidien ? En quête d’un modèle lui permettant de résister aux pressions gestionnaires, il adopte une « posture d’accompagnement », se reconstruit ainsi à partir de compétences pédagogiques dans un espace informel, pour créer un antidote au management technicien et réintroduire ainsi un équilibre identitaire. Leurs capacités réflexives renforcent leur posture d’accompagnement et constituent alors un moyen efficace pour dépasser les tensions institutionnelles entre soin et management. Une formation en Sciences Humaines et Sociales, au service de leur développement personnel et professionnel, stabilise leur système de valeurs et leur permet de reconquérir une possible identité
The French health-care system is currently faced with tensions arising from two different visions of health-care: the first one focuses on the unconditional care given to the patient in accordance with the humanistic tradition. The second one focuses on management priorities aiming for an efficient and productive management of hospitals. At the heart of a complex organizational structure lie the health managers, whose roles inevitably shift back and forth between a ‘company culture’ vision and that of ‘health-care culture’, thereby jeopardizing their professional position. Where do health managers stand and what is their future role? The aim of this study is to show the difficulties of juggling the humanistic tradition with the management-based approach and defining their identity. Health managers often find themselves in overlapping positions and strive to combine and apply the two visions in their work on a daily basis. In need of a model to resist management pressures, they act as a ‘support function’. This support stance helps them redefine their position and balances out the negative effects of technical management in health-care. The ability to look back on their own experience reinforces this support function and allows them to overcome the tensions arising from the cleavage between health-care and management. Providing health managers with a specific training in social and human sciences for their personal and professional development would strengthen their ethical values and allow them to regain control of their identity

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Nahlovsky-Lett, Anne-Marie. "L'Infra-discours d'une reconstruction de soi : les relais d'écriture romanesque : les écrivaines algériennes de langue française." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008STR20050.

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Cette étude projette de définir, derrière le jeu de la fiction et l'alchimie d'un nouveau langage, une démarche de déstructuration langagière concomitante à une restructuration de la personne. En analysant trois romans de la littérature francophone féminine algérienne de la deuxième moitié du XXe siècle : "Vaste est la prison" d'Assia Djebar, "N'zid" de Malika Mokeddem et "La Voyeuse interdite" de Nina Bouraoui, notre premier objectif est de démontrer comment ces oeuvres s'articulent comme des relais d'écriture, marquant entre les trois récits une évolution qui révèle, derrière les mots, un infra-discours structuré immanent voyageant avec l'histoire dans sa logique propre. Dans un deuxième temps, nous interrogeons le fonctionnement de la langue et les fondements de l'écriture, pour étudier, derrière le prisme de la psychanalyse, le stratagème secret des jeux du langage et les mécanismes inconscients de l'écriture. L'aventure scripturaire est le révélateur d'une construction en marche et dévoile l'accomplissement d'un cheminement de la conscience littéraire féminine créatrice, instaurant la femme écrivain algérienne francophone dans un nouveau statut personnel et social, celui de "la femme au livre"
Behind the game of fiction and the alchemy of a new language, our research aims at defining a mere proceeding of discourse destructuration, together with a restructuration of the person. Our analysis is based on three novels in the Algerian Francophone women's literature of the second part of the twentieth century : "So Vast the prison" by Assia Djebar, "N'zid" by Malika Mokeddem and "Forbidden vision" by Nina Bouraoui. Our first goal is to demonstrate how these three works are linked in the fashion of writing relays, indicating an evolution from one narrative to the other, which reveals, behind words, an immediate subjacent discourse, going along with the story within its own logic. Our next step is to question the functioning of language and the foundations of writing, so as to study, through the prism of psychoanalysis, the secret stratagem of the language games, which brings to light unconscious mechanisms of writing. The scripturary adventure is the revealer of self-building at work and discloses the achievement of progress for the literary, creative, feminine consciousness, thus establishing the Algerian francophone female writer in a new personal and social statute of "the women with a book"

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Pavlíček, Jan. "Rekonstrukce bytového domu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-240304.

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The subject of this final thesis is prepared detailed project documentation for the reconstruction of apartment building on Karáskovo Square in Brno - Židenice. The existing building is rectangular and is a part of a apartment terraced buildings. Residential building has a basement and three floors and an attic. The main entrance is oriented to the southwest. Foundation structures are concrete, vertical support system is a brick wall, roof structure is wooden roof standing stool with pleated ceramic tiles.

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van, Woerkom Anne. "Ancient DNA from soils and sediments from the Krigstjärn area, northern Sweden : Preservation and detection of Holocene mammal sedaDNA." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-127680.

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Current knowledge of past vegetation and faunal diversity has been based on pollen and macrofossil analysis from lake sediments. The innovative method of sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA) is a promising, complementary proxy to reconstruct information about past environments. However, to what extent animal DNA can be extracted from old sediments and soils has not been frequently studied. This study explored if ancient DNA of moose (Alces alces), reindeer (Rangifer tarangus), goat (Capra aegagrus) and plants could be extracted from millennia old lake sediments of Lake Krigstjärn and archaeological soil samples in northern Sweden. SedaDNA was successfully extracted and detected from both reindeer and plants DNA, while goats sedaDNA was absent in all sediments. Moose ancient DNA (aDNA) was only detected in the archaeological soils. Yet, there were signs that the applied moose primer set was not optimal for heavily degraded DNA and the validity of this primer needs further research. Earliest detections of reindeer DNA can be dated to ~6500 c. years ago. Oldest sediments contained DNA, indicating sufficient DNA preservation conditions in the sediments of Lake Krigstjärn. Finds of plants DNA in pre-deglaciational sediments may indicate the existence of >9500 year old glacial vegetation. Altogether is sedaDNA a highly promising tool to reconstruct diversity, origin and immigration routes of mammals, but technical issues such as primer set specificity and its purpose should be considered and tested carefully in advance.

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Hérique, Alain. "Reconstruction et interprétation d'images géoradar : application aux tests en Antarctique du radar de la mission Mars'98." Grenoble INPG, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPG0031.

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Le ballon sonde de la mission spatiale mars'98 est équipé d'un radar géophysique. Cet appareil est en cours de développement et un prototype a été testé en février 1993, autour de la base scientifique française en Antarctique Dumont d'Urville. Dans la première partie, nous passons en revue la technologie des radars géophysiques en général et du radar PRISM en particulier, ainsi que la propagation des ondes électromagnétiques dans les milieux matériels. Cette étude nous permet de modéliser la propagation du signal radar dans le glacier antarctique. Dans une seconde partie, nous étudions les données réelles acquises sur le glacier. Cette étude nous permet d'identifier les différentes sources de bruit du système et de caractériser le signal utile. Nous étudions en particulier les effets de scintillement présents le long des réflecteurs. Nous envisageons différentes explications de ce phénomène, pour montrer qu'il trouve sa source dans le sous-échantillonnage du signal. Nous proposons alors une méthode d'estimation de l'ondelette réelle fondée sur la cohérence spatiale du signal. Nous appliquons ensuite la migration fk pour reconstruire une coupe de sous-sol et augmenter le rapport signal sur bruit. L'étude de l'effet du sous-échantillonnage permet d'interpréter les résultats obtenus : le signal bien échantillonné est focalisé par la migration tandis que le signal replié est étalé. Nous en déduisons une méthode de reconstruction du profil correctement échantillonné fondée sur la cohérence spatiale. Cette méthode est appliquée à des données synthétiques puis aux données réelles. La modélisation du lobe de l'antenne plaque sur le glacier permet d'interpréter les signaux acquis lors des prospections en 3D. Nous pouvons ainsi envisager la déconvolution du signal par le lobe d'antenne. Enfin, nous développons des méthodes d'estimation des propriétés du milieu traverse par les ondes radar.

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Farwig, Victoria Jane. "Evaluation of mineral magnetic properties and thermal activation characteristics of soil material in reconstructing post-fire sediment redistribution and fire history, Sydney Basin, Australia." Thesis, Swansea University, 2006. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa43195.

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Maheux-Tremblay, Ariane. "Le suicide dans la littérature québécoise pour adolescents : une esthétique de la fragmentation au service de la reconstruction de soi." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29643/29643.pdf.

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Depuis la fin des années 1990, la littérature québécoise pour la jeunesse aborde des thématiques délicates auparavant taboues, dont le suicide. Le traitement d’un tel sujet est grandement facilité par l’attention qu’accordent les auteurs à la forme de leur récit, ce que nous observons dans Une vie en éclats de Maryse Pelletier, Le long silence de Sylvie Desrosiers, Le parfum des filles de Camille Bouchard ainsi que Ma vie ne sait pas nager d’Élaine Turgeon. La quête des personnages, désormais plus englobante, est centrée sur le rapport à l’Autre, qui se transforme au cours du processus de deuil. Les protagonistes traversent en fait un long moment d’errance où ils n’ont plus de repères et tentent de fuir, jusqu’à ce que l’apparition d’un nouveau personnage qui comprend leur douleur les aide à établir ce nouveau rapport avec le défunt. La déconstruction formelle des oeuvres vient faire écho à la fragmentation vécue par les personnages, ce qui rend fort significatives l’attention portée à la temporalité ainsi que la multiplicité des narrateurs, voire l’hybridité générique au sein des récits. Les oeuvres semblent remettre en question certaines conventions de la littérature jeunesse afin de faire vivre au lecteur la confusion vécue par les protagonistes : le lecteur confronté à un texte d’apparence déconstruite doit ainsi effectuer un travail de reconstruction semblable à celui opéré par les personnages.

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Cousin, Isabelle. "Reconstruction 3D apr coupes sériées et transport de gaz dans un milieu poreux : application à l'étude d'un sol argilo-limoneux." Orléans, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ORLE2029.

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Les proprietes de transfert dans les milieux poreux tels que les sols sont intimement liees aux caracteristiques geometriques de leur reseau poreux. L'etude de ces proprietes geometriques comporte a la fois un volet morphologique (forme et taille des pores) et un volet topologique (distribution des pores dans l'espace et connectivite a grande distance). Les proprietes de diffusion gazeuse d'un echantillon de sol argilo-limoneux ont ete etudiees experimentalement par self-diffusion de molecules marquees (#8#5kr). La tortuosite mesuree sur cet echantillon est de 2,3 pour une porosite accessible a l'air de 11,3%. Cet echantillon a ensuite ete impregne de resine polyester puis rectifie en coupes seriees espacees de 100 microns. Une superposition des images de ces differentes coupes a permis de fabriquer une representation tridimensionnelle du reseau poreux avec une resolution de 120 microns dans le plan d'une coupe et de 100 microns entre les coupes. Les images des coupes 2d et le milieu 3d reconstruit ont ete caracterisees par des fonctions stereologiques (fonctions de distribution de cordes, fonctions de correlation) et par distribution des amas connectes et percolants. Nous avons montre qu'une image 2d, dont la porosite est proche de celle de la reconstruction 3d possede des distributions de cordes comparables a celles de l'objet 3d. En revanche, la distribution des amas connectes dans le plan d'une coupe 2d et sur la reconstruction 3d sont tres differentes, car la recherche d'amas connectes ne possede pas de proprietes stereologiques evidentes. Cette recherche des amas connectes dans le milieu reconstruit a montre que 87,6% du reseau poreux etudie a cette echelle, soit 17,7% en porosite, est constitue d'un amas percolant. La simulation numerique du propagateur d'autodiffusion dans cet amas percolant donne acces au calcul de la tortuosite du reseau reconstruit. Celle-ci d'une valeur de 1,75 est proche de la valeur experimentale mesuree sur l'echantillon reel. Cette faible difference s'explique par la resolution a laquelle a ete effectuee la reconstruction. Ce travail ouvre ainsi des perspectives sur les problemes de changement d'echelle dans les milieux poreux hierarchises tels que les sols

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Chiapini, Mariane. "Genesis and organic matter chemistry of sombric horizons in subtropical soils (Paraná State, Brazil)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11140/tde-18052017-184016/.

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Soil organic matter (SOM) plays an important role in the global carbon cycle. Therefore, it is important to understand the stability of SOM, which is related to several processes. Its intrinsic properties may be related to its stability, for example black carbon is considered to be relatively resistant to degradation. In most soils, the dark horizons coincide with the superficial layers or horizons due to the greater accumulation of organic matter, but in the southern states of Brazil, the presence of soils with dark subsurface horizons is frequently observed. The dark subsurface horizon of these soils are similar to a sombric horizon. Aspects about its origin, formation and preservation have not yet been fully elucidated. The objective of this work is to understand the formation of \'sombric\' horizons in soils of the region from Tijucas do Sul (Paraná, Brazil). Five soil profiles were described and collected, from which three originate from a toposequence and contained a \'sombric\' horizon (P1-P3), a reference soil that is representative of the area (P5) and an intermediate soil (P4) that showed morphology between the reference soil and the soils with a \'sombric\' horizon. To this end SOM is studied for its molecular composition by the pyrolysis technique coupled to gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (pyrolysis-GC-MS). In addition, 13C isotopic composition (δ13C) and phytolytic composition were studied in order to understand paleoclimatic conditions. These results will be related to past environmental conditions using 14C dating techniques, and supported by classical soil analysis. The samples of the horizons were submitted to the SOM chemical fractionation, generating two fractions: extractable fraction with NaOH (EXT) and residue (RES). The morphology of the profiles showed an intense biological activity in A horizons and a wide distribution of microfragments of charcoals. The lateral continuity of \'sombric\' horizons in toposequence soils was also observed, which differentiated them (P1-P3) from buried A horizons. The distribution of SOM in the fractions studied was the same for the five profiles studied: EXT> RES. Products related to wildfires such as polyaromatics (PAHs; BC) were found in all profiles, but in greater relative abundance in the \'sombric\' horizons, indicating a higher incidence of fire during the formation of these horizons and these compounds can be related to the maintenance of dark color of the \'sombric\' horizons. In relation to the paleoclimatic conditions it was observed that the dark subsurface horizons were developed during the Mid-Holocene under vegetation composed mainly by C4 grasses with shrubs, evidencing a drier climate corresponding to a higher fire incidence.
A matéria orgânica do solo (MOS) desempenha um papel importante no ciclo global do carbono. Portanto, é importante entender a estabilidade da MOS, que está relacionada a vários processos. As suas propriedades intrínsecas podem estar relacionadas com a sua estabilidade, por exemplo, o \"black carbon\" é considerado relativamente resistente à degradação. Na maioria dos solos, os horizontes escuros coincidem com as camadas ou horizontes superficiais devido ao maior acúmulo de matéria orgânica, mas nos estados do sul do Brasil, a presença de solos com horizontes subsuperficiais escurecidos é frequentemente observada. O horizonte subsuperficial escurecido destes solos assemelha-se a um horizonte sômbrico. Aspectos sobre sua origem, formação e preservação ainda não foram totalmente elucidados. O objetivo deste trabalho é compreender a formação de horizontes \'sômbricos\' em solos da região de Tijucas do Sul (Paraná, Brasil). Foram descritos e coletados cinco perfis de solo, dos quais três estão localizados em uma topossequência e continham um horizonte similar ao sômbrico (P1-P3), um solo de referência representativo da área (P5) e um solo intermediário (P4) que apresentou uma morfologia entre o solo de referência e os solos com horizonte \'sômbrico\'. Para este fim, a MOS foi estudada pela sua composição molecular através da técnica de pirólise acoplada à cromatografia gasosa e espectrometria de massa (pirólise-GC-MS). Além disso, estudou-se a composição isotópica 13C (δ 13C) e a composição fitolítica, a fim de compreender as condições paleoclimáticas que foram relacionados com as condições ambientais passadas usando técnicas de datação com 14C, e suportados pelas análises clássicas de solo. As amostras dos horizontes foram submetidas ao fracionamento químico MOS, gerando duas frações: fração extraível com NaOH (EXT) e resíduo (RES). A morfologia dos perfis mostrou uma intensa atividade biológica nos horizontes A e uma ampla distribuição de microfragmentos de carvão. Observouse também a continuidade lateral de horizontes \'sômbricos\' em solos da topossequência (P1-P3), diferenciando-os dos horizontes A enterrados. A distribuição da MOS nas frações estudadas pela pirólise foi a mesma para os cinco perfis: EXT> RES. Os produtos relacionados a incêndios florestais como os poliaromáticos (PAHs, BC) foram encontrados em todos os perfis, mas em maior abundância relativa nos horizontes sômbricos, indicando uma maior incidência de incêndio durante a formação destes horizontes. Os PAHs podem estar relacionados com a manutenção da cor escura dos horizontes \'sômbricos\'. Em relação às condições paleoclimáticas observou-se que os horizontes subsuperficiais escurecidos foram desenvolvidos durante o Holoceno Médio sob vegetação composta principalmente por gramíneas C4 com arbustos, evidenciando um clima mais seco correspondente a maior incidência de incêndio.

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Aboudourib, Abderrahmane. "Imagerie en champ proche de systèmes racinaires par radar à pénétration de sol." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPAST048.

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La cartographie de systèmes racinaires dans des sols dispersifs et inhomogènes est mise en œuvre au moyen d’une technique non-destructive : le radar à pénétration de sol (dit GPR). Ce travail est motivé par les besoins croissants en termes de contrôle de santé et de stabilité des arbres, ainsi que l’impact négatif des racines sur les infrastructures urbaines pouvant parfois compromettre la sécurité des personnes et des biens. Un état de l'art a permis de déterminer les facteurs limitant la détection et la résolution des racines ligneuses (diamètre > 0,5 cm) par GPR. Puis l'accent est mis sur une nouvelle procédure de traitement pour reconstruire les architectures 3-D des racines à partir de données GPR sans information a priori sur les sols impliqués. La viabilité de la méthode proposée est étudiée à partir de simulations numériques (via gprMax) pour des modèles de racines réalistes en environnements hétérogènes dispersifs; cela implique un nombre de configurations pour une variété de sols. Des mesures contrôlées en laboratoire sont conduites sur des prototypes de racines en utilisant un système bi-statique dans la gamme fréquentielle 300 MHz – 3,3 GHz. Ceci est étendu à des études terrain de systèmes racinaires d’arbres réels avec l'utilisation d'un GPR commercial (MALA). Les bonnes performances et la pertinence de l'approche proposée sont illustrées par de multiples exemples
The mapping of tree root systems within inhomogeneous dispersive subsoils is investigated by means of a non-destructive technique: Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR). This work is motivated by the growing need for tree health and stability control, as well as the negative impact of roots on urban infrastructure, which could seriously compromise the safety of people and properties. A state of the art has allowed us to determine the limiting factors of coarse root (diameter > 0.5 cm) detection and resolution by GPR. Then, the focus is put on a novel processing procedure to reconstruct 3-D root architectures from GPR data with no a priori information on the soils involved. Viability is studied from comprehensive numerical simulations (via gprMax) on realistic root models in 3-D heterogeneous dispersive environments; this in particular means a number of simulations involving a variety of soils. Controlled laboratory measurements are conducted on root prototypes using a bi-static GPR system operating at 300 MHz – 3.3 GHz frequency range. This is extended to field studies on real root systems with the use of a commercial GPR (MALA). The good performance and high potential of the proposed approach are illustrated accordingly

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Zamanian, Kazem Verfasser], Yakov [Akademischer Betreuer] [Gutachter] [Kuzyakov, Daniela [Gutachter] Sauer, and Joachim [Gutachter] Reitner. "Recrystallization of pedogenic and biogenic carbonates in soil: Environmental controls, modelling and relevance for paleoenvironmental reconstructions and dating / Kazem Zamanian ; Gutachter: Yakov Kuzyakov, Daniela Sauer, Joachim Reitner ; Betreuer: Yakov Kuzyakov." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1133361684/34.

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Soheilian, Bahman. "Roadmark reconstruction from stereo-images acquired by a ground-based mobile mapping system." Thesis, Paris Est, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PEST0260/document.

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Malgré les récentes avancées des Systèmes de Cartographie Mobile, la reconstruction automatique d’objets à partir des données acquises est encore un point crucial. Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéresserons en particulier à la reconstruction tridimensionnelle du marquage au sol à partir d’images acquises sur le réseau routier par une base stéréoscopique horizontale d’un système de cartographie mobile, dans un contexte urbain dense. Une nouvelle approche s’appuyant sur la connaissance de la géométrie 3D des marquages au sol est présentée, conduisant à une précision de reconstruction 3D centimétrique avec un faible niveau de généralisation. Deux objets de la signalisation routière horizontale sont étudiés : les passages piétons et les lignes blanches discontinues. La stratégie générale est composée de trois grandes étapes. La première d’entre elles permet d’obtenir des chaînes de contours 3D. Les contours sont extraits dans les images gauche et droite. Ensuite, un algorithme reposant sur une optimisation par programmation dynamique est mis en oeuvre pour apparier les points de contours des deux images. Un post-traitement permet un appariement sub-pixellique, et, les chaînes de contours 3D sont finalement obtenues par une triangulation photogrammétrique classique. La seconde étape fait intervenir les spécifications géométriques des marquages au sol pour réaliser un filtrage des chaînes de contours 3D. Elle permet de déterminer des candidats pour les objets du marquage au sol. La dernière étape peut être vue comme une validation permettant de rejeter ou d’accepter ces hypothèses. Les candidats retenus sont alors reconstruits finement. Pour chaque bande d’un passage piéton ou d’une ligne discontinue, le modèle est un quasi-parallélogramme. Une contrainte de planéité est imposée aux sommets de chaque bande, ce qui n’est pas le cas pour l’ensemble des bandes formant un marquage au sol particulier. La méthode est évaluée sur un ensemble de 150 paires d’images acquises en centre ville dans des conditions normales de trafic. Les résultats montrent la validité de notre stratégie en terme de robustesse, de complétude et de précision géométrique. La méthode est robuste et permet de gérer les occultations partielles ainsi que les marquages usés ou abîmés. Le taux de détection atteint 90% et la précision de reconstruction 3D est de l’ordre de 2 à 4 cm. Finalement, une application de la reconstruction des marquages au sol est présentée : le géoréférencement du système d’acquisition. La majorité des systèmes de cartographie mobile utilisent des capteurs de géoréférencement direct comme un couplage GPS/INS pour leur localisation. Cependant, en milieu urbain dense, les masques et les multi-trajets corrompent les mesures et conduisent à une précision d’environ 50 cm. Afin d’améliorer la qualité de localisation, nous cherchons à apparier les images terrestres avec des images aériennes calibrées de la même zone. Les marquages au sol sont alors utilisés comme objets d’appariement. La validité de la méthode est démontrée sur un exemple de passage piéton
Despite advances in ground-based Mobile Mapping System (MMS), automatic feature reconstruction seems far from being reached. In this thesis, we focus on 3D roadmark reconstruction from images acquired by road looking cameras of a MMS stereo-rig in dense urban context. A new approach is presented, that uses 3D geometric knowledge of roadmarks and provides a centimetric 3D accuracy with a low level of generalisation. Two classes of roadmarks are studied: zebra-crossing and dashed-lines. The general strategy consists in three main steps. The first step provides 3D linked-edges. Edges are extracted in the left and right images. Then a matching algorithm that is based on dynamic programming optimisation matches the edges between the two images. A sub-pixel matching is computed by post processing and 3D linked-edges are provided by classical photogrammetric triangulation. The second step uses the known specification of roadmarks to perform a signature based filtering of 3D linked-edges. This step provides hypothetical candidates for roadmark objects. The last step can be seen as a validation step that rejects or accepts the candidates. The validated candidates are finely reconstructed. The adopted model consists of a quasi parallelogram for each strip of zebra-crossing or dashed-line. Each strip is constrained to be flat but the roadmark as a whole is not planar. The method is evaluated on a set of 150 stereo-pairs acquired in a real urban area under normal traffic conditions. The results show the validity of the approach in terms of robustness, completeness and geometric accuracy. The method is robust and deals properly with partially occluded roadmarks as well as damaged or eroded ones. The detection rate reaches 90% and the 3D accuracy is about 2-4 cm. Finally an application of reconstructed roadmarks is presented. They are used in georeferencing of the system. Most of the MMSs use direct georeferencing devices such as GPS/INS for their localisation. However in urban areas masks and multi-path errors corrupt the measurements and provide only 50 cm accuracy. In order to improve the localisation quality, we aim at matching ground-based images with calibrated aerial images of the same area. For this purpose roadmarks are used as matching objects. The validity of this method is demonstrated on a zebra-crossing example

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Bergkemper, Fabian Verfasser], Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] [Gutachter] Schloter, Friederike [Gutachter] Lang, and Ingrid [Gutachter] [Kögel-Knabner. "Reconstruction of the microbial phosphorus turnover in forest soils with different phosphorus stocks / Fabian Bergkemper ; Gutachter: Friederike Lang, Ingrid Kögel-Knabner, Michael Schloter ; Betreuer: Michael Schloter." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1141904675/34.

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Ibrahim, Moustapha O. "Les mécanismes de la production de l'espace urbain au Liban, cas de la ville de Saïda : synthèse sur la reconstruction après la guerre." Paris 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA010613.

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La politique d'aménagement et de développement au Liban privilégie toujours Beyrouth sa capitale ainsi que la région centrale du pays aux dépens des autres villes et régions. La guerre civile qui éclata en 1975 a pu renverser cette tendance. L'agglomération beyrouthine connut une véritable dispersion de ses fonctions. La destruction du centre-ville de la capitale, les évènements succédant et leurs impacts, vont favoriser, le développement des autres centres urbains du pays. La ville de Saïda, capitale du Liban-sud, dont la situation lui a permis d’être un carrefour, est l'une des villes qui a subi à la fois les conséquences de la politique étatique centralisée, ainsi que celle produite par la guerre. Dans notre étude, nous nous sommes penchés sur les influences des données géographiques, historiques, politiques et socio-économiques sur la production de l'espace urbain de Saïda. Nous avons analysé les différentes étapes du développement de la capitale du Liban-sud, ainsi que des différents projets d'aménagement entames et leurs conséquences. L'évaluation du dynamisme de l'espace de la ville de Saïda, nous a permis d'établir un inventaire de ses problèmes actuels, afin de concevoir son rôle au niveau régional et national à la lumière du processus de reconstruction du Liban après la guerre
In Lebanon, the ongoing policy of reconstruction and development is always devoid to Beirut and the central part of the country, compared to the other areas. The civil war which burned in 1975 has changed dramatically this point of view. The greater Beirut area faced a dispersion of its former functions. The destruction of Beirut’s down town together with the various events during war time have opened the way to the raise of other urban centers country wide. The city of Saïda, capital of the south Lebanon displays today both historical centralized government controlled policy together with post was consequences. Our study aims elucidate the consequences of geographical, historical, political and economic data on the urban development of the city of Saïda. We have analyzed the step to step development of the south Lebanon capital together with the developing projects already in progress and their own consequences. The evaluation of the evolution of Saïda's urban space, allowed as the establishment of an concise inventory of the remaining problems, to early finalize its action both on the regional and national levels taking into account the giant reconstructing efforts of post war Lebanon

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Qi, Jianbo. "Modélisation 3D du transfert radiatif dans les couverts végétaux et reconstruction de forêts à partir de mesures LiDAR." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30048.

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La télédétection est un outil majeur pour mieux gérer les couverts végétaux. De ce fait, la modélisation du transfert radiatif (TR) tridimensionnel (3D) est essentielle pour comprendre les mesures de télédétection des couverts végétaux. Les modèles de TR unidimensionnels (1D) sont souvent utilisés pour inverser les données de télédétection en termes de paramètres de la végétation. Cependant, ils ne sont pas adaptés à la complexité des couverts végétaux, car ils les simulent comme des couches homogènes, ce qui est irréaliste. Beaucoup de travaux sont donc consacrés à la conception de modèles de TR 3D adaptés à l'architecture 3D des couverts végétaux. Cependant, développer un modèle de TR 3D efficace pour de grandes scènes réalistes est un défi en termes de modélisation du TR et d'obtention de description réaliste du couvert végétal. Ainsi, les modèles de TR 3D actuels n'opèrent en général que sur des scènes très simplifiées ou des scènes réalistes de petite dimension inadaptées à la résolution de la plupart des capteurs satellites actuels (e.g., MODIS). Les modèles de la communauté "informatique graphique" (i.e., modèles de "rendu") sont les plus précis et les plus efficaces, mais ils n'ont pas été conçus pour une modélisation précise du TR. Ils sont donc peu employés pour les applications de télédétection. Les progrès en infographie et puissance informatique permettent de beaucoup accélérer les modèles 3D de TR. De plus, les mesures 3D à haute résolution spatiale des LiDARs et caméras photogrammétriques deviennent plus accessibles pour reconstruire des couverts végétaux réalistes. Il est donc essentiel de développer des modèles de TR qui utilisent ces informations 3D. Cette thèse est axée sur 1) le développement d'un modèle de TR 3D basé sur les techniques récentes de suivi de rayons et 2) la récupération de la densité volumique 3D des feuilles (LVD: leaf volume density) pour construire des scènes forestières. Elle présente le développement du modèle TR 3D LESS (LargE-Scale remote sensing data and image Simulation framework), basé sur les algorithmes de lancer de rayons. Ainsi, LESS simule des données BRF multi-spectrales avec une méthode de lancer de photons virtuels (i.e., pondérés) en mode "direct" (i.e., photons lancés depuis la source) et des images de capteur à petite échelle (e.g., images "fisheye") et grande échelle (e.g., 1 km2) avec une méthode de lancer de photons en mode "inverse". Le mode inverse est aussi utilisé pour simuler des images infrarouges thermiques et le TR atmosphérique. Une comparaison entre modèles et une comparaison avec des mesures "terrain" ont démontré l'efficacité et la précision du modèle LESS. De plus, une interface utilisateur graphique conviviale permet de saisir les paramètres d'entrée, et aussi de construire et de visualiser les scènes 3D. La reconstruction de scènes 3D de forêt est réalisée avec un jeu de données LiDAR simulées avec le modèle de TR anisotrope discret (DART), afin d'évaluer diverses approches d'obtention du LVD à partir de données LiDAR aéroportées
Remote sensing is needed for better managing vegetation covers. Hence, three-dimensional (3D) radiative transfer (RT) modeling is essential for understanding remote sensing signals of complex 3D vegetation covers. Due to the complexity of 3D models, one-dimensional (1D) RT models are commonly used to retrieve vegetation parameters, e.g., leaf area index (LAI), from remote sensing data. However, 1D models are not adapted to actual vegetation covers because they abstract them as schematic 1D layers, which is not realistic. Much effort is devoted to the conception of 3D RT models that can consider the 3D architecture of vegetation covers. However, developing an efficient 3D RT model that works on large and realistic scenes is still a challenging task. Major difficulties are the intensive computational costs of 3D RT simulation and the acquisition of detailed 3D canopy structures. Therefore, 3D RT models usually only work on abstracted scenes or small realistic scenes. Scene abstraction may cause uncertainties, and the small-scale approach is not compatible with most satellite observations (e.g., MODIS). The computer graphics community provides the most accurate and efficient models (i.e., renderers). However, the initial renderer models were not designed for accurate RT modeling, which explains the difficulty to use them for remote sensing applications. Recently emerged advanced techniques in computer graphics and light detection and ranging area (LiDAR) make it more possible to solve the above problems. 3D RT can be greatly accelerated due to the increasing computer power and improvement of rendering algorithms (e.g., ray-tracing acceleration and computational optimization). Also, 3D high-resolution information from LiDARs and photogrammetry become more accessible to reconstruct realistic 3D scenes. This approach requires new processing methods to combine 3D information and 3D RT models, which is of great importance for better remote sensing survey of vegetation. This thesis is focused on 1) Development of a 3D RT model based on recent ray-tracing techniques and 2) Retrieval of 3D leaf volume density (LVD) for constructing 3D forest scenes. This first chapter presents the development of an efficient 3D RT model, named LESS (LargE-Scale remote sensing data and image Simulation framework). LESS makes full use of ray-tracing algorithms. Specifically, it simulates multispectral BRF and scene radiative budget with a weighted forward photon tracing method, and sensor images (e.g., fisheye images) or large-scale (e.g. 1 km2) spectral images are simulated with a backward path tracing method. In the forward mode, a "virtual photon" algorithm is used to simulate accurate BRF with few photons. The backward mode is used to simulate thermal infrared images and also atmosphere RT. LESS efficiency and accuracy were demonstrated with a model intercomparison and field measurements. In addition, LESS has an easy-to-use graphic user interface (GUI) to input parameters, construct and visualize 3D scenes. 3D forest reconstruction is done with a simulated LiDAR dataset to assess approaches that retrieve LVD from airborne LiDAR data. The dataset is simulated with the discrete anisotropic radiative transfer model (DART)

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Bardet, Otilia. "Déconstruction et reconstruction identitaires chez V. S. Naipaul : la recherche d'une redéfinition de soi dans : "The mimic men", "The enigma of arrival" et "Half a life"." Angers, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ANGE0038.

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De soi aux autres, du passé au présent; de l'Orient à l'occident; de l'identité à l'altérité : telles sont les différentes étapes à franchir par les personnages naispauliens qui cherchent à se définir en tant qu'êtres historiques et sociaux, en tant que citoyens et en tant qu'individus. De l'objet au sujet, de la négation à l'affirmation, du rejet des autres à l'acceptation de soi : tel est le rituel initiatique que V. S. Naipaul imagine pour des personnages qui tentent de rendre l'étrange familier et de transformer l'autre en soi. Le premier chapitre présente l'identité sous la forme d'une construction tripartite reposant sur ses composantes historiques, sociales et culturelles et perçue comme etant prédeterminée par des facteurs extérieurs et immuables. Cette partie s'attelle à rendre compte de l'impossibilité de l'appartenance en soumettant à l'examen les tentatives des personnages naispauliens et s'approprier l'histoire et de se sentir en adéquation avec le monde. L'analyse proposée dans le second chapitre rend compte de l'altérité à travers laquelle ils se définissent et définissent le monde extérieur et de leur vision d'une histoire et d'une identité vues comme prédeterminées. Tout comme le texte post-colonial déconstruit les grands récits coloniaux, de même les personnages de V. S. Naipaul déconstruisent leur propre identité post-coloniale afin de pouvoir se reconstruire sur un terrain vierge nourri par l'imagination. Ce travail révèle à terme une libération totale et complète de l'identité de toutes attaches territoriales et nationales qui conduisent à une redéfinition de soi.

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Cerles, Mélanie. "Evaluation et développement d'un modèle de la mémoire épisodique reposant sur un processus de mise à jour égocentrée." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GRENS003/document.

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La mémoire épisodique donne la capacité de voyager mentalement dans son propre passé. En cela,elle permet de faire fi du temps qui passe pour pouvoir revivre des événements passés. Ce travail dethèse évalue l’hypothèse selon laquelle la mémoire épisodique et la sensation de revivre un événementpassé (i.e., conscience autonoëtique) sont basées sur une fluence dans la reconstruction de l’épisode,reconstruction impliquant une mise à jour égocentrée. Cette proposition est développée dans le modèlede Gomez et collaborateurs (Gomez, Rousset & Baciu, 2009) qui propose que la mise à jourégocentrée permette de ré-instancier un point de vue spatialisé égocentré sur l’évènement remémoré.Ce travail de thèse a amené de nouveaux arguments en faveur de ce modèle, en évaluant à la foisl’approche attributionnelle de la mémoire épisodique et le lien fonctionnel entre la mise à jourégocentrée en ligne et la mémoire épisodique. Une première série d’études met en évidence uneinfluence de la fluence du processus de mise à jour égocentrée sur la conscience autonoëtique.L’augmentation artificielle de la fluence de mise à jour égocentrée, lors de la reconnaissance,augmente le sentiment de conscience autonoëtique et ce uniquement lorsque la reconnaissanceimplique une reconstruction. Une seconde série d’études permet de mettre en évidence un effetd’interférence du processus de mise à jour égocentrée en ligne sur la récupération épisodique.Actualiser sa position dans l’espace lors d’un déplacement a beau être un processus automatique, celaralentit spécifiquement le rappel de source. Enfin, une étude impliquant des patients atteints de lamaladie d’Alzheimer, met en évidence une dissociation entre les compétences en mise à jourégocentrée chez ces patients. Ces résultats sont discutés dans le cadre du modèle de Gomez etcollaborateurs et en regard d’une conception incarnée et située de la cognition
Episodic memory makes it possible to mentally travel back in our own past; it breaks the law of theunidirectionality of time, and allows us to mentally relive past events. The main goal of this work wasto investigate whether episodic memory and the subjective feeling of reliving a past event (i.e.,autonoetic consciousness) arise from the fluency of the reconstruction process of the event. Thisreconstruction would involve the process of egocentric spatial updating with self-motion. Thishypothesis was first developed in Gomez and colleagues' model (Gomez, Rousset, & Baciu, 2009) thatsuggests that egocentric updating re-instances an egocentric spatial point of view on the rememberedevent. The present work brings additional behavioral evidences to this model by assessing both theconception of attributional episodic memory and the functional link between online egocentricupdating with self-motion and episodic memory. A first set of studies showed that enhancingartificially the fluency of the egocentric updating process, during the recognition phase, increasedautonoetic consciousness. Moreover, such phenomenon only happened when recognition involved areconstruction process. A second set of studies showed that performing an online egocentric updatingwith self-motion interfered with remembering. Although the updating of its own position though selfmotionis automatic, it specifically slows down source recall. Finally, a last study showed adissociation between preservations of and deficits of egocentric spatial updating abilities in patientssuffering from Alzheimer's disease. The results of these studies are discussed in the context of Gomezand colleagues' model, and in terms of embodied and situated cognition

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Sajjad, Saeeda. "Développement d'outils de simulation et de reconstruction de gerbes de particules pour l'astronomie gamma avec les futurs imageurs Tcherenkov." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00408835.

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Le futur de l'astronomie gamma au sol repose sur l'utilisation de grands réseaux d'imageurs Tcherenkov atmosphériques (IACT) avec des capacités améliorées : seuil en énergie plus bas, meilleure sensibilité, meilleurs résolution et pouvoir de rejet. Pour concevoir ces systèmes et optimiser leurs caractéristiques, il est nécessaire de comprendre les gerbes atmosphériques et de disposer d'outils de simulation adaptés permettant d'évaluer les performances des réseaux. La première partie de cette thèse traite des gerbes atmosphériques, des propriétés de la lumière Tcherenkov qu'elles émettent et de leur simulation. La seconde partie présente les outils que nous avons développés pour la simulation des télescopes à imagerie Tcherenkov atmosphérique et les caractéristiques des images qu'ils obtiennent. La troisième partie de cette thèse contient une présentation des outils dévéloppés pour la reconstruction de la source, du pied de gerbe et de l'énergie ainsi que des propositions pour la séparation gamma-hadrons. Dans la dernière partie, ces outils sont utilisés pour étudier deux grands réseaux de télescopes à deux altitudes différentes et pour donner leurs performances pour la détection des rayons gamma.

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Bellec, Dominique. "Genèse d'un credo politique : témoignages de résistance et reconstruction des identités politiques en France et au sortir de la seconde guerre mondiale : 1943-1946." Strasbourg 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR30021.

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La recherche postule que les témoignages de résistance publiés entre 1943 et 1946 par des acteurs politiques sont l'aboutissement visible d'une activité de réécriture en actes de l'histoire personnelle. La confrontation de ces récits avec les trajectoires dont ils sont le produit éclaire les modalités de gestion des identités résistantes à l'heure de la reconstruction politique. On peut ainsi circonscrire les registres de l'action politique légitimés par l'expérience résistante alors que celle-ci est l'enjeu de luttes de définition et d'une tentative de traduction institutionnelle. Sous la IVe République, la contestation des institutions et l'imposition dans le jeu d'une posture individuelle de recours renverront pour partie au souci d'actualiser ces registres. Le retour du général de Gaulle apparaît, dans ces conditions, comme la conclusion d'un processus de refondation mythique de l'ordre politique qui tend désormais à inscrire "la Résistance" parmi ses principaux référents
This work implies that testimonies of resistance published by political actors between 1943 and 1946 are the observable conclusion of personal stories' rewriting activity during the war. The comparison of the texts with the actual trajectories that inspired them provides a view on resistant identities' management during the phase of political reconstruction. It is then possible to apprehend the repertoires of political action which were enabled by the experience of resistance whereas the historical and institutional translation of this experience is collectively at stake. During the 4th Republic, the challenging of the institutions and the implementation of a new role of recourse in political competition will partly be the consequences of a will to carry out these repertoires. The return of General de Gaulle appears, to that regard, as the accomplishment of a mythical reorganisation of the political order, which therefore defines "the Resistance" as one of its main references

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SENAT, Stherson. "Carrière migratoire et reconstruction personnelle : le cas des demandeurs d’asile d’origine haïtienne entrés au Québec par le Chemin Roxham entre l’été 2017 et l’automne 2018." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/41400.

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Contre la vision mécanique et surplombante tendant à dominer dans la sociologie classique des migrations, cette recherche tente d’articuler les dimensions micro, méso et macro sociales constitutives du phénomène migratoire pour rendre compte de la carrière migratoire et de la (re)construction personnelle des migrants. Nous pensons la migration de manière « circulaire et continue », à l’opposé des perspectives qui tendent, encore aujourd’hui, à la penser comme un déplacement définitif entre un point A et un point B, de même que comme une rupture entre le lieu de départ et le lieu d’arrivée. Nous questionnons la trajectoire sociale et géographique ainsi que le système d’activité professionnelle dans le façonnement de la carrière migratoire et la (re)construction personnelle des réfugiés au Canada. En fait, nous faisons ressortir le cheminement personnel des migrants dans les dynamiques d’influence croisée entre les configurations de leurs sociétés d’origine et d’accueil. À ce titre, la situation des populations demandeuses d’asile en vue de l’obtention du statut de réfugié est particulièrement intéressante puisque leurs trajectoires sont généralement complexes et souvent douloureuses à divers titres. Pour ce faire, nous nous intéressons au cas des demandeurs d’asile d’origine haïtienne entrés au Canada, particulièrement au Québec, par le Chemin Roxham entre l’été 2017 et l’automne 2018. Plus spécifiquement, nous saisissons le système d’activité qui module leurs trajectoires biographiques. Nous appréhendons notre objet d’étude au prisme d’une lunette interactionniste, laquelle nous permet de souligner l’agentivité des migrants sans toutefois minimiser les contraintes sociales et structurelles qui pèsent sur eux. Dans cette veine, nous saisissons la fabrication quotidienne de la carrière migratoire des réfugiés haïtiens comme un processus complexe où les fragments du monde matériel et social sont subordonnés aux efforts subjectifs qu’ils déploient en vue de bricoler leur vie dans des interactions complexes avec le système canadien d’intégration sociale et professionnelle. Ce travail permet de mettre en évidence que la trajectoire (géographique et sociale) et le système d’activité des réfugiés haïtiens participent effectivement du façonnement de leur carrière migratoire et rendent compte de leur processus de (re)construction personnelle dans la société canadienne. En fait, nous analysons particulièrement l’implication du système d’activité de ces réfugiés dans leur processus de réalisation de soi. Ainsi, nous nous rendons à l’évidence qu’en raison de leur situation de demandeurs d’asile et aussi parce qu’ils sont identifiés comme membres d’une minorité visible (noir africain) dans la société d’accueil canadienne, pour s’intégrer socialement et professionnellement, ils ont fait face à beaucoup d’obstacles et de défis. La plupart ont été contraints de s’investir dans des secteurs d’activité qui ne répondent pas à leur formation et à leur champ de compétence et/ou d’expérience. L’investissement personnel dans l’exercice de petits boulots en vue de répondre à des obligations personnelles et familiales (ici et/ou ailleurs) et l’investissement dans des activités de renforcement des capacités en vue de s’accommoder à des attentes économiques et socioculturelles tant dans la société d’accueil que de la société d’origine, participent du processus de façonnement de la carrière migratoire. Ils procèdent en saisissant les moindres opportunités qui leur permettent de transformer à leur avantage les événements de la vie quotidienne.

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Elarem, Hajer. "A quest for selfhood : deconstructing and reconstructing female identity in Doris Lessing's early fiction." Thesis, Besançon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BESA1026/document.

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Écrivaine prolifique, anticonformiste, rebelle et provocatrice, Doris Lessing est considérée par la critique comme ayant été à l'avant-garde du féminisme, du communisme, de l'anticolonialisme et de la lutte contre l'apartheid. En lui accordant le prix Nobel de littérature en 2007, l'académie suédoise récompensait une « conteuse épique de l'expérience féminine, qui avec scepticisme, ardeur et une force visionnaire, scrute une civilisation divisée ». Cependant, ne retenir de Doris Lessing que des combats politiques d'ordre public, c'est oublier un thème essentiel et omniprésent dans ses écrits, celui de la quête de soi et du désir de connaissance de soi qui anime le sujet féminin. Pour atteindre ce but et au bout du compte se reconstruire, celui-ci passe d'abord par la déconstruction. C'est pourquoi ce travail se propose d'analyser l'approche déconstructionniste de Doris Lessing vis-à-vis de la question de l'identité féminine. Cette déconstruction ne doit pas être comprise au sens strictement derridien du terme, mais dans une perspective plus large qui est celle de la vision universelle et prophétique de l'auteure. En effet, Doris Lessing tente de déconstruire une conception essentialiste qui renverrait à une conception universaliste de l'identité féminine. Elle nie toute pensée logocentrique et remet en cause l'unité et le fixisme identitaire, et partant la généralité de la quête. Ceci révèle le nomadisme d'une pensée qui doit s'entendre, dans le sens deleuzien, comme une conception de l'identité de la femme comme fluide, changeante, sans frontières, ouverte à de nouvelles possibilités et avec un grand potentiel pour se re-désigner et se re-définir
A prolific, anti-conformist, rebellious and provocative writer, Doris Lessing has been considered by critics as the forerunner of feminism, communism, anti-colonialism and anti-aparteid. By attributing to her the Nobel Price for Literature in 2007, the Swedish Academy rewarded an « epicist of the female experience, who, with skepticism, fire and visionary power subjected a divided civilization to scrutiny ». Reducing her work, however, to political issues means overlooking a crucial and omnipotent theme related to the quest for selfhood and the desire for self-knowledge animating the female subject, In order to gain this goal, it is first important to go through the experience of deconstruction. This is why this work will analyse Doris Lessing's deconstructive approach to the female identity. This deconstruction is not to be understood in the strict Derridian sense but in a broader persepective residing in the writer's universal and prophetic vision. In fact, Doris Lessing endeavors to deconstruct an essentialist conception which would lead to a universal apprehension of the female identity. She denies all logocentric thinking and questions fixed and unified identities, and by the same token, the universality of the quest. This reveals a nomadic thought, which in Deleuzian sense, entails that the female identity is fluid, changing, without frontiers, open to all possibilities and with a great potential to re-construct and re-define itself

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Sellier, Virginie. "Développement de méthodes de traçage sédimentaire pour quantifier l'impact des mines de nickel sur l’hyper-sédimentation des rivières et l'envasement des lagons de Nouvelle-Calédonie Investigating the use of fallout and geogenic radionuclides as potential tracing properties to quantify the sources of suspended sediment in a mining catchment in New Caledonia, South Pacific Combining visible-based-colour parameters and geochemical tracers to improve sediment source discrimination in a mining catchment (New Caledonia, South Pacific Islands) Reconstructing the impact of nickel mining activities on sediment supply to the rivers and the lagoon of South Pacific Islands: lessons learnt from the Thio early mining site (New Caledonia)." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASV013.

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La Nouvelle-Calédonie, île située au Sud-Ouest de l’Océan Pacifique et actuel 6e producteur mondial de nickel, est confrontée à une pollution sédimentaire sans précédent de ses cours d’eau. En effet, l’exploitation minière débutée dès les années 1880 a fortement amplifié les processus d’érosion des sols et de transport sédimentaire. Une hyper-sédimentation des hydro-systèmes calédoniens a notamment été constatée suite au déploiement de l’activité minière sur l’archipel. Bien que ce phénomène constitue un facteur aggravant les problèmes d’inondation caractéristiques de ces régions tropicales, les contributions sédimentaires générées par l’exploitation minière restent encore inconnues à ce jour et sont pourtant importantes pour guider la mise en œuvre de mesures visant à réduire ces apports sédimentaires.À cette fin, une étude de traçage sédimentaire qualifiée de fingerprinting a été menée sur un bassin « pilote » : le bassin versant de Thio (397 km²), considéré comme le « berceau » de l’activité minière en Nouvelle-Calédonie. Différents marqueurs tels que les radionucléides, la géochimie élémentaire ou la « couleur » ont été testés pour quantifier les contributions des sources minières aux apports sédimentaires générés par deux crues cycloniques récentes (dépression tropicale en 2015, cyclone Cook en 2017). Une carotte sédimentaire a également été prélevée dans la plaine inondable de la rivière Thio afin de reconstruire l’évolution temporelle des contributions des sources minières. Les résultats de cette étude montrent que les contributions des sources minières dominent, avec une contribution moyenne comprise entre 65-68% pour la crue de 2015 et entre 83-88% pour celle de 2017. L’impact de la variabilité spatiale des précipitations a notamment été mis en évidence pour expliquer les variations des contributions de ces sources. Les variations temporelles des contributions des sources minières déduites de l’analyse de la carotte sédimentaire ont, quant à elles, pu être associées aux différentes périodes historiques de l’exploitation minière sur le bassin versant de Thio (pré-mécanisation, mécanisation, post-mécanisation de l’activité minière). Les contributions des sources minières restent, là encore, dominantes avec une contribution moyenne le long du profil sédimentaire de 74%. La méthode de traçage validée a ensuite été testée sur quatre autres bassins versants de Nouvelle-Calédonie afin d’évaluer la transposabilité de cette approche
New Caledonia, an island located in the south-western Pacific Ocean and currently the world's sixth largest producer of nickel, is facing unprecedented sedimentary pollution of its river systems. Indeed, nickel mining that started in the 1880s accelerated soil erosion and sediment transport processes. Hyper-sedimentation of the Caledonian hydro-systems has been observed after the deployment of mining activities on the archipelago. Although this phenomenon exacerbates the flooding problems experienced in these tropical regions, the sediment contributions generated by nickel mining remain unknown and are nevertheless required to guide the implementation of control measures to reduce these sediment inputs.To this end, a sediment fingerprinting study was carried out in a "pilot" catchment: the Thio River catchment (397 km²), considered as one of the first areas exploited for nickel mining in New Caledonia. Different tracers such as radionuclides, elemental geochemistry or "colour" properties were tested to trace and quantify the mining source contributions to the sediment inputs generated during two recent cyclonic flood events (tropical depression in 2015, cyclone Cook in 2017). A sediment core was also collected in the floodplain of the Thio River catchment to reconstruct the temporal evolution of these mining source contributions. The results of this study show that mining sources dominated sediment inputs with an average contribution ranging from 65-68% for the 2015 flood event to 83-88% for the 2017 flood event. The impact of the spatial variability of precipitation was highlighted to explain the variations in the contributions of these sources across the catchment. The temporal variations in the contributions of the mining sources deduced from the analysis of the sediment core were interpreted at the light of the mining history in the Thio River catchment (pre-mechanization, mechanization, post-mechanization of mining activity). The contributions of mining sources were again dominant with an average contribution along the sedimentary profile of 74 %. Once validated, this tracing method has been tested in four other catchments of New Caledonia in order to evaluate the validity of the approach in other contexts

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Worthington, Richard L. "A high resolution model for vegetation reconstruction using soil-vegetation associations to reconstruct the presettlement vegetation in Dane County, Wisconsin /." 1998. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/41241838.html.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1998.
Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 78-81).

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CHEN, SHU-CHUN, and 陳書純. "The Study on the Environmental Benefits of the Reconstruction of Hillside Tea Gardens-A Case Study of Maokong Soil and Water Conservation Tea Gardens." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/55d5ke.

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碩士
輔仁大學
景觀設計學系碩士班
107
Development of hillside does not only cause change in landscape, but also causes problems in soil and water conservation. In the early years, the mountainous area of the northern basin was mostly used for agricultural reclamation. In recent years, there was a large scale change in urban development and recreational demands. Slope disturbance and severe rainfalls brought about by climate change has raised concerns of disaster potential. Therefore, a way of supporting the water and soil conservation project with the landscape design, taking the safety and aesthetic requirements into account, is quite important. This study looks at the environmental benefits of the integrated landscape design of soil and water conservation project in the "Maokong Soil and Water Conservation Tea Garden" in Wenshan District of Taipei City. Moreover, the study uses a Post-Occupancy-Evaluation framework in conjunction with the assessment system of Soil and Water Conservation Engineering sustainability indicators. In addition, in-depth interviews and satisfaction questionnaires were introduced to explore the environmental benefits of the reconstruction of the hillside tea gardens by the stakeholders and users. Results of the Post-Occupancy-Evaluation show that environmental benefits are satisfactory and meet the expectations of the users, with environmental benefit satisfaction above 3.9 points for both the 「substantial environment」 and 「unsubstantial environment」. Responding with close to the ‘satisfactory’ level, users are willing to visit again and recommend relatives and friends to come. It is obvious that users positively affirm the overall environment of the Maokong Soil and Water Conservation Tea Garden. In-depth interviews and questionnaire survey results show that users agree with the results of tea garden reconstruction, indicating that the combination of landscape and water conservation engineering design has a positive impact on the production of hillside tea gardens or leisure agriculture. A few dissatisfactions focused on the safety concerns of grassed waterways, sand bag ditches and slope protection by planting. However, after two years of observation, there is satisfactory soil and water conservancy of the studied area. The maintenance and management of soil and water conservation, agricultural production and landscape leisure have also achieved a win-win situation through public-private partnership. Therefore, it is recommended that during the design and construction phases there should be more communication with the public to promote an effective ecological method that integrates the natural environment of the hillsides. In addition, this study suggests that the engineering benefit check of the government appraisal should be added to the Post-Occupancy-Evaluation to implement the public works sustainability goals at different stages of planning, design and completion.

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LAI, YU-WEN, and 賴郁雯. "Transformation in Soul-Breaking & Reconstruction." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/64255256953390667020.

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碩士
國立屏東教育大學
視覺藝術學系
99
The character of an individual is gradually formed in his or her growing environment. Faced with rapid shifts of the globe, one should be constantly adapted to meeting the expectations of society, thus losing his or her true self. Many are obsessed in winning compliments from others, which they thought may fulfill themselves, but end up wandering the world with problems of all sorts. This is the state many lives get trapped in, and so is the situation of the researcher’s life. The paper tries to take a glance at human nature, including complicated emotions and thoughts, and to explore human minds from all aspects of viewpoints such as psychology and philosophy, hoping that one can fully comprehend what his own life is like and help the lost soul get on the right track. Among many religions in Taiwan, Christianity is not so influential. Its faith, centered in God, glitters only in small numbers of people. The paper studies six artists, some of whom are Christians. The influence their beliefs have on their lives can be obviously seen in their works, revealed in every possible way, concrete or abstract. Owing to experiencing life being broken and reconstructed, the researcher is deeply convinced of God’s uniqueness and reality. As a result, such religious experiences turn out to be the theme of the art works. The researcher observes herself in a way God views a person. Further analyzing the eternality in Christianity, the researcher try to present the influence of this religious belief through the works. That is, the main characteristic of the research is that it serves as the witness of the transformation of life. As life changes, so imagination flows. The transformation proceeds not only in the researcher’s soul but in her creation of works. Similar changes are seen in various phenomena around. Hence, the subconscious thoughts are released in a symbolic way--different from early expression of oil painting--using a variety of materials and forms, new trials and fresh experiences thus gained. It is as if a door is opened, so life spring surges and flows out by the creation of art works.

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Sudbury, John Byron. "Quantitative phytolith analysis the key to understanding buried soils and to reconstructing paleoenvironments /." 2010. http://digital.library.okstate.edu/etd/Sudbury_okstate_0664D_10803.pdf.

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Douglass, Daniel Corbin. "Glacial chronology, soil development, and paleoclimate reconstructions for mid-latitude South America, 1 MA to recent." 2005. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/65650638.html.

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Anderson, SallyRose. "Wind River Range Snowpack Reconstruction Using Dendochronology and Sea Surface Temperatures." 2010. http://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/771.

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Multiple reconstructions of April 1st snow water equivalent (SWE) are generated for the Wind River Range (WRR), located in west-central Wyoming, to determine the most accurate predictors. Predictors included climate signal data (Southern Oscillation Index), traditional predictors (tree-ring chronologies), and non-spatially biased Pacific Ocean sea surface temperatures (SSTs). Incorporation of Pacific Ocean SSTs as a whole provides a more comprehensive representation of oceanic-atmospheric variability. Rotated principal component analysis (PCA) was used to regionalize April 1st snowpack data (1961 – 1999) from snow telemetry stations (SNOTEL stations). Tree-ring chronologies that were stable across the period of overlapping records (1961 – 1999) and that were positively correlated with regional snowpack at 99% confidence levels or higher were retained. Singular value decomposition (SVD) was performed on Pacific Ocean SSTs and regional snowpack data to identify coupled regions of climate (SSTs) and hydrology (SWE). Stepwise regressions were performed across the calibration period to identify the best predictor combinations. When data from the instrumental based SST regions identified by SVD were included in the pool of predictors, an increase in reconstruction skill was observed. Further regressions were performed using tree based and coral based SST data. Reconstruction equations were obtained from these regressions and regional April 1st snowpack was reconstructed for the WRR for all three types of SST data. A higher degree of snowpack variance is explained by reconstructions utilizing tree based, coral based, and instrumental based data for the Pacific Ocean SST region identified by SVD than is possible utilizing only tree-ring and SOI data, indicating that non-spatially biased SSTs are excellent predictors for snowpack reconstruction in the WRR.

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Zamanian, Kazem. "Recrystallization of pedogenic and biogenic carbonates in soil: Environmental controls, modelling and relevance for paleoenvironmental reconstructions and dating." Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0023-3E5F-E.

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Hamilton, Dixie A. "Mafic and felsic derived soils in the Georgia Piedmont parent material uniformity, reconstruction, and trace metal contents /." 2002. http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga%5Fetd/hamilton%5Fdixie%5Fa%5F200212%5Fms.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Soil reconstruction'

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